Planning, direction, experimental design, and coordination of data-acquisition and engineering activities in support of all Goldstone planetary radar astronomy were performed. This work demands familiarity with the various components of a planetary radar telescope (transmitter, receiver, antenna, computer hardware and software) as well as knowledge of how the entire system must function as a cohesive unit to meet the particular scientific objectives at hand in a given observation. Support radar data-processing facilities, currently being used for virtually all Goldstone data reduction includes: a VAX 11/780 computer system, an FPS 5210 array processor, terminals, tape drives, and image-display devices, as well as a large body of data-reduction software to accommodate the variety of data-acquisition formats and strategems. Successful 113-cm radar observation of Callisto and the near-Earth asteroid 1981 Midas and Goldstone/VLA radar observations of Saturn's rings were obtained. Quick-look verification programs from data taken with phase-coded cw (i.e., ranging) waveforms, applicable to Venus, the Moon, and small bodies were completed. Definition of scientific and engineering requirements on instrument performance, radar system configuration, and personnel, for all 1988 Goldstone radar investigations was accomplished.


PURPOSE: To provide a method and a device for efficiently storing the columns repeating the pattern of data for a length, which is not optimum for transfer to a memory, into the memory. CONSTITUTION: First four bytes in the column of pattern of three bytes to be repeated are loaded into the register of a processor. Afterwards, the storage of contents of the register into the memory and the update of the pattern column to the next four bytes are alternately and repeatedly performed. The update is performed by shifting the 2nd-4th bytes to the 1st-3rd bytes and moving the 2nd byte to the 4th byte. When the leading storage position for storing the pattern column is not matched with the boundary of double words, the bytes at the leading part of the pattern column are stored up to the boundary of double words, and the contents of the register are updated to the next four bytes of the pattern column. Afterwards, these storage and update are repeated.


A novel spherical 5-amino-2-benzotriazol-2-yl-phenol (ABP) chelating sorbent is synthesized simply and rapidly from 2-nitroanilin and 3-nitrophenol characterized (IR, 1H NMR spectra and scanning electron microscopy) and studied for the preconcentration and determination of trace Zn(II) ion from aqueous solution samples. The concentration of metal ion in the solution was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The optimum pH value for sorption of the metal ion was 6.5. The sorption capacity of ABP for Zn(II) was determined. The chelating ABP can be reused for 20 cycles of sorption-desorption without any significant change in sorption capacity. A recovery of 86% was obtained for the metal ion with 0.5 M HNO3 as eluting agent. The equilibrium adsorption data of Zn(II) on sorbent were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Based on equilibrium adsorption data the Langmuir and Freundlich constants were determined 0.0074 and 1.200 at pH 6.5 and 25°C.


Embodiment of the present invention provides a device to monitor the primary vehicle by means of an external environment for the at least one sensor or more target objects. The apparatus is arranged in response to the at least one sensor by means of the host vehicle between a predetermined one or more target objects relative movement detection, to trigger at least one action. The apparatus is arranged to determine the target object as the target object or the distance from each axis extending transversely of the main vehicle of the offset value, and to hold the lateral offset value based on the trigger at least one action that is not performed the trigger at least one action.


Does it make sense to speak of aesthetic values in avant-garde art? Is not the very formulation of the them e tainted with contradiction? After all, avant-garde artists have postulated repeatedly, and quite unambiguously, that it is not their aim to create aesthetic values; we do not want to have anything to do with aesthetic values — they used to add contemptuously. The presence of aesthetic values in art depends on its definite features. Until recently many of them were unanimously looked upon as the constitutive properties of art. Yet, it was exactly the avant-garde that called in question nearly all properties regarded earlier as the specific features of art. Perhaps, then, the problem posed in the title falls not only because of the postulated neutral, or even anti-aesthetic, attitude of the avant-garde, but also because the avant-garde is not art at all?


Abstract : In response to efforts directed towards waste oil disposal, APG Post Engineers initiated a program in 1968 whereby waste oil was introduced into No. 6 Fuel Oil and subsequently burned for heat. Because of the heavy consistency of No. 6 Fuel Oil, no operational difficulties occurred. However, in August 1972, APG switched to No. 2 Fuel Oil and some concern was generated regarding the miscibility of the waste oil with a lighter fuel. To date, no maintenance problems have resulted from burning the waste oil, nor have any emission levels been exceeded. However, these results may be due to the relative lightness of the waste oil and the low waste oil/fuel oil dilution ratio (1%) in which they are burned. (Author)


At present, due to their geographical distribution, environmental conditions and traditional monitoring technologies, the manual inspection of brine pumps in Qinghai Saline Lake can not be effectively carried out in real time, so the pumps have a high failure rate. This has seriously affected the chemical production of this saline lake. The paper designed a remote real-time monitoring terminal and a decision support system based on LoRa technology, GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) remote communication technology and remote-control technology. The system integrated the liquid-level sensing model and the decision support model for brine pump management. The system monitored and analyzed the voltage, current, and liquid-level parameters in real time to determine the operating status or failure of the brine pump. The ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) method was used to establish the correlation models between the dynamic monitoring information and the brine pump failure, which is the core of the decision support model. The remote controller was implemented to display and control the running status of the brine pumps when the maintenance personnel received the warning information. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) language and a MySQL database were implemented to realize the data display, management and decision support system.


Type I oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDI) is characterized by malformations of the face, the oral cavity and the fingers. The inheritance pattern is X-linked dominant, with male lethality [1–3]. In addition to typical malformations, OFDI is associated in 48% of cases with cerebral abnormalities, sometimes responsible for mental retardation, usually mild, and seizures [4,5]. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is present in 40–69% of OFDI patients after the age of 18 [6–8]. PKD leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 82% of cases, with a median age of 36 years (range 11–70 years) [6–9]. The outcome of OFDI patients after renal transplantation (RT) has never been specifically examined. We report on our experience with five OFDI women who received a kidney transplant at the age of 22– 53 years. They had reached ESRD at an age ranging from 22 to 51 years. Four of them were treated with an erythropoietin-stimulating agent before RT. This cohort represents a cumulative post-transplant follow-up of 34 years. The disease-causing mutation in OFD1 gene was identified in four out of five patients, which is in line with the 67% detection level recently reported in a French-Belgian cohort of 25 patients with OFDI [2]. Table 1 summarizes pertinent clinical features. Mild mental retardation was present in two patients. Patient 1 was living in an institution for disabled persons; she had a history of seizures with corpus callosum and cerebellar vermian agenesis. Patient 2 had suffered seizures and psychiatric disorders in childhood with corpus callosum agenesis. Donor type and immunosuppressive regimen are described in Table 1. All patients still had at least one native polycystic kidney at the time of RT. One patient died from colon adenocarcinoma 8 years after RT, at the age of 59, with a well-functioning kidney graft, while the four other patients are currently alive 11– 177 months after RT. Three patients are currently rejection-free, whereas the two others experienced an acute cellular rejection episode. This occurred 10 days after RT in Patient 2 and was successfully treated with anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody. Serum creatinine levels (SCr) at discharge was 1.3 mg/dl (115 lmol/l). An acute cellular rejection episode also occurred 3 years after RT in Patient 3, soon after the introduction of primidone treatment and was probably triggered by a lower tacrolimus level induced by an interaction between the two drugs. This highlights the importance of close drug-level monitoring whenever antiepileptic agents are introduced or withdrawn in RT recipients. Regarding the potential complications related to polycystic kidneys, only a single episode of probable intracystic hemorrhage or infection in the native kidney occurred in Patient 3 early after RT. She presented with fever and right loin pain 2 months after RT. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal any sign of infection, levofloxacin treatment was initiated, with prompt resolution of fever. Remarkably, no mention of complications related to kidney cysts in OFDI patients can be found in the literature. The generally smaller size of cysts as compared with autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) might explain this apparently lower propensity to complications [10]. The mild mental retardation present in two of our patients did not impair post-RT outcome. Both of them had sufficient cognitive ability to comply with the need for life-long immunosuppression and medical follow-up [11,12]. As recently reported, even with a more severe intellectual disability, RT offers significant advantages when compared with the need of regular dialysis [13]. A serious post-RT complication occurred in Patient 4. One year after RT, Caroli's disease was suspected on the basis of an increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase levels associated with a saccular dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts on MRI. Five years after RT, the patient presented with a severe sepsis caused by a cholangitis secondary to choledochal obstruction in the context of Caroli's disease. Though Caroli's disease is not listed in the manifestations of OFDI, there are strong arguments to consider this association as not fortuitous. First, the OFD1 protein is a ciliary protein that is also present on the surface of the cholangiocytes [14]. Second, a previous case of Caroli's disease in a 20-year-old girl with the OFDI syndrome has been reported [15]. Third, Caroli's disease is a very rare


The effects of changing aqueous solution properties by nonionic surfactants on wetting behavior and water retention properies of hydrophobic PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fabric were reported. The aqueous solution properties were diversified by mixing and diluting two nonionic surfactants, i.e., sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) and polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). The surface wetting properties (cos θ) of PET fabric were greatly improved by adding g/dl Tween 20 and further improved by mixing Span 20 to the system. The water retention properties (W) of PET fabric were also greatly increased by addition of g/dl Tween 20. In diluted surfactant systems, the cosθ's were increased with decreasing surface tension of aqueous liquids. The ratios of aqueous liquid retained in the pore structure to liquid retention capacity (W/H) were also increased with decreasing surface tension, however, W/H values were dramatically increased right after critical micelle concentration (cmc). The existence of micelles was important for the retention of aqueous liquids in the fabric. The critical surface tension of PET fabric used was found to be 28.7dyne/㎝.


This essay revisits the controversy surrounding the 78 th Academy Awards held on March 5 th , 2006, for films released in 2005, when Paul Haggis's Crash, a blunt film about racial conflict, beat Ang Lee's Brokeback Mountain, a subtle and sophisticated film about the repressed lives of two cowboys who happen to fall in love with each other, to win the Best Picture Award in spite of many critics' expectations of the opposite result, in order to suggest that the results of the Best Picture Award should be understood as a reinforcement of binary thinking and stereotyping that lie at the basis of the dominant American order, rather than simply as a homophobic reaction to an individual film. Seeing the 78 th Academy Awards at the midpoint of the post-9/11 decade as a window into the crises, changes, and recurrent trends shaping 21 st Century America, this essay seeks to read the privileging of Crash over Brokeback Mountain at the Academy Awards in terms of the tension between policing and contesting the dominant American order. Rather than read Crash simply as a film about race and Brokeback Mountain as one about homosexuality, this essay examines Crash as a reinforcement of the binary structure of American culture and Brokeback Mountain as a refusal to participate in such binary thinking and as a contestation of stereotypical understanding of American identity. Don Lee's short story, "The Lone Night Cantina," is used to frame this argument, in order to demonstrate how the implications of the 78 th Academy Awards reach far beyond the film industry.


The Cu–Co oxide system supported on SiC nanofibers deposited on cordierite was studied in the CO oxidation reaction in the presence of hydrogen.


The Environmental Government Affairs Seminar was sponsored jointly by APCA and the Federation of Associations on the Canadian Environment (FACE) in Ottawa, Canada on October 12–15, 1982. The general theme of the seminar was Environmental Concerns of the 80s. There were in excess of 150 delegates in attendance from across Canada and the United States representing government, industry, and the public.


Background— The liver-secreted protein fetuin-A induces peripheral insulin resistance in vitro. In a pilot study, we observed that higher fetuin-A levels were associated with diabetes mellitus in older persons. However, this finding has not been confirmed in large cohorts. We sought to confirm the association of fetuin-A with incident diabetes mellitus in older persons and to determine whether the association differs by age, sex, and race and among persons with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and Results— Among 3710 community-living individuals ≥65 years of age without diabetes mellitus at baseline, fetuin-A was measured in serum collected in 1992 to 1993. Participants were followed up for 10.6 years (median) for incident diabetes mellitus. Cox regression models evaluated the association of fetuin-A with incident diabetes mellitus. Interaction terms evaluated heterogeneity by age, sex, race, and CVD. Mean age was 75 years; 60 were female; 15 were black; and 16 had CVD. Mean fetuin-A concentrations were 0.47±0.10 g/L. During follow-up, 305 incident diabetes cases occurred. Each 0.10-g/L (SD)-greater fetuin-A was associated with 19 higher risk of diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95 confidence interval, 1.06–1.33) after adjustment for demographics, lifestyle factors, albumin, kidney function, and CVD. Further adjustment for potential mediators (body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, lipids, and C-reactive protein) moderately attenuated the association (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95 confidence interval, 1.00–1.28). Results were similar by sex, race, and CVD status but were stronger in persons <75 years old (P for interaction=0.01). Conclusions— Higher fetuin-A is associated with incident diabetes mellitus in older persons regardless of sex, race, or prevalent CVD status. The association may be attenuated in those ≥75 years of age.


An optimal impact angle control guidance law is proposed in this paper. The missile system is approximated under the small heading error assumption and the impact angle control guidance law is derived based on the approximated system to minimize the energy cost. The proposed guidance law has a form of biased PNG law and it's in accord with the previous result of PNG in the form acceleration command and time-to-go estimate. As the main advantages, the proposed guidance law has a simpler form and doesn't require the time-to-go estimate in the acceleration command. In addition, it also shows better performance in energy cost. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the performance of the developed method.


This collection of essays on money and growth brings together the work of Sir John Hicks. Including two previously unpublished essays, this collection is sure to make readers view Hicks work in a new light.


Traditional indices in relational databases are designed for queries that are selective by value. However, queries can also retrieve records on their relational structure. In our research, we found that traditional indices are ineffective for structurally selective queries. To accelerate such queries, socalled 'structural indices' have been applied in graph databases. These indices group together structurally similar nodes to obtain a compact representation of the graph structure. We studied how structural indices can be applied in relational databases and evaluated their performance. Guarded bisimulation groups together relational tuples with similar structure, which we use to obtain a guarded structural index. Our solution requires significantly less space than traditional indices. At the same time, it can offer several orders of magnitude faster query evaluation performance.


Since the early 1990s the need for change in skills requirements for librarians has become evident as a number of factors have impinged on the operation of libraries, not least budget cuts and the rise of the Internet. The Internet and direct access to information by individuals has brought into question the nature and role of libraries and information professionals as we reach the end of the twentieth century. The physical place of the library will become supplemented (some would argue superceded) by direct access from a desktop. Management, communication and I.T. skills are now just as essential for all levels of the library and information seekers as the traditional core units which were taught in most library and information school up to the late 1980's. An interesting approach to this problem of roles in the provision of information is reflected by Matson and Bonski's (1997) overview of the role of libraries in the digital era. Historically it is clear the two professions of IT specialists and librarians, have a very different working style. While the traditional librarian allegedly seeks stability/perfect standards with scant regard for time, the IT specialist's approach emphasizes speed and efficiency, and brute force rather than elegance to achieve results. We need to marry efficiency and flexibility with risk taking and vision. Their dialogue concludes that the two professions need to work together until a new profession, a fusion of the two, has been arrived at. A symptom of the lack of clarity as to what a librarian will turn into is the variety of alternative terms used to describe the 'new' librarian who will service the information society via the new gateways to knowledge. Others would argue that the library profession will have more to do with the software knowledge designer then the hard line technocrats of network infrastructure.


Knowledge-Based Report Generation is a technique for automatically generating natural language summaries from databases. It is so named because it applies the tools of knowledge-based expert systems design to the problem of text generation. The technique is currently being applied to the design of an automatic natural language stock report generator. Examples drawn from the implementation of the stock report generator are used to describe the components of a knowledge-based report generator.


Multidrug resistant bacteria are becoming a major threat to global public health. While there are many possible causes for this, there have so far been few adequate solutions to this problem. One of the major causes is a lack of clinical tools for efficient selection of an antibiotic in a reliable way. NastyBugs is a new program that can identify what type of antimicrobial resistance is most likely present in a metagenomic sample, which will allow for both smarter drug selection by clinicians and faster research in an academic environment.


An exact diagnosis of the heart's electrophysiological behaviour is currently linked to invasive catheter interventions. A reconstruction of electrophysiological properties from non-invasive ECG data would be preferred. This requires solving the so-called inverse problem of electrocardiography which, however, is strongly underdetermined. Therefore, it needs apriori knowledge to be solvable in a reliable manner. This paper presents a method to calculate excitation conduction velocities (ECV) from activation times and an implementation into an inverse solver of activation times. The sole calculation of ECVs achieved a mean relative error of 0:0916 0:0744. In addition, an inverse solver for activation times is tested with an adaption scheme for the related ECVs and without. The resulting mean relative error of the ECVs improved from 0:3228 0:2768 to 0:2715 0:2318 using the adaption of ECVs.


Conflict-free routing is an important problem to be addressed in AGV systems, in particular when they are bidirectional. This paper presents a multi-agent approach that solves this problem. The main idea of this algorithm is to consider an AGV as a reactive agent, whose goal is to reach a predefined destination without conflict with the moving AGVs. The proposed multi-agent approach is compared in a simulation study to another predictive method


Purpose: The primary intention of carrying out this research is to trace & explore Planetary Gods (Navagrahas) with Gods of Management (9 Ms), characteristics, and relationships with Hindu Mythologies and to make novices in management education. Objective: The primary objective is to analyze the degree of relationship of nine influential heavenly bodies or Planetary Gods (Navagrahas) with nine Gods of Management (9 Ms). Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. The hypothesis is stated for the variables selected and thus analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Results: The researchers identify Planetary Gods (Navagrahas) and Gods of Management (9 Ms.) play similar relations by:


Because feels more and more serious risk problems in contemporary society,U·Beck puts forward that scans western modernization process with reflection on modernity theory,objectively evaluates the achievements and errors of capitalist industrialization,reveals the inner conflict of modernity and its new representation form in global risk society,attacks contemporary value concept of globalism and national interests are above everything else.U·Beck's reflection on modernity theory has practical and historic performance.


Kartik Prabhu∗ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Abstract We describe a novel twistorial construction of the asymptotic BMS symmetries at null infinity for asymptotically flat spacetimes. We define BMS twistors as spinor solutions to some set of components of the usual spacetime twistor equation restricted to null infinity. The space of BMS twistors is infinite-dimensional. We show that given two BMS twistors their symmetric tensor product can be used to generate (complex) vector fields which are the infinitesimal BMS symmetries of null infinity. In this sense BMS twistors are "square roots" of BMS symmetries. We also show that these BMS twistor equations can be written a pair of covariant spinor-valued equations which are completely determined by the intrinsic universal structure of null infinity.


As a new solid-state welding technology, magnetic pulse welding technology realizes the metallurgical combination between metals by driving two metals to collide at high speed by pulsed electromagnetic force. It can effectively overcome the welding problems between dissimilar metals and contribute to the lightweight of the structure. The magnetic pulse welding method based on the uniform pressure electromagnetic actuator can provide a large area of uniform pressure area, help to increase the welding area, and can be used to realize large area plate welding. In this paper, the three-dimensional collision model of uniform pressure welding system is established by LS-DYNA software, and the deformation process of plate during welding is analyzed. Then, a high-performance magnet device was developed, a uniform pressure welding experimental platform was built, and welding experiments were carried out on AA1060 aluminum plate and SS304 stainless steel plate both with a thickness of 1mm. The results show that the welding method can well realize the connection of dissimilar metal plates.


It analyzes,based on the particularity of hydropower station construction,the negative impact of current hydropower stake electrovalence on defining rational hydropower on-grid tariff,and discusses how to fix hydropower on-grid tariff.


Photo ID 72893750 © Rawpixelimages|Dreamstime.com
ABSTRACT
Solidarity is a concept increasingly employed in bioethics whose application merits further clarity and explanation. Given how vital cooperation and community-level care are to mitigating communicable disease transmission, we use lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to reveal how solidarity is a useful descriptive and analytical tool for public health scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. Drawing upon an influential framework of solidarity that highlights how solidarity arises from the ground up, we reveal how structural forces can impact the cultivation of solidarity from the top down, particularly through ensuring robust access to important social determinants of health. Public health institutions can support solidarity movements among individuals and communities by adopting a lens of social justice when considering public health priorities and, in turn, promote health equity.
INTRODUCTION
Over the past two decades, scholars have invoked the concept of solidarity when assessing a wide range of topics in bioethics, from CRISPR-Cas9 technology to organ donation to structural racism.[1] However, the growing literature on solidarity has not fully examined the roles and responsibilities of institutions and governments in fostering solidarity, especially regarding public health measures that implicate entire populations. We argue that it remains unclear how public health institutions should engage with solidarity and how their engagement will affect public health and its ethics. We first take Prainsack and Buyx' three-tiered framework as an analytical starting point.[2] We then explore how public health institutions can foster solidarity by carefully considering factors that may bolster it on an interpersonal, community, and national scale. We conclude that public health institutions should adopt a lens of social justice to promote solidarity at the interpersonal and community levels, thereby promoting equity in future public health efforts.
BACKGROUND
Calls for solidarity in bioethics raise longstanding normative questions about the nature and limits of our duties to one another and how to weigh autonomy over considerations of justice.[3] Though the term is diversely applied, Prainsack and Buyx propose a potentially unifying definition in the 2011 Nuffield Council report, "Solidarity: Reflections On An Emerging Concept in Bioethics." The report defines solidarity as an activity involving "shared practices reflecting a collective commitment to carry financial, social, emotional, and or other 'costs' to assist others." Their conceptualization also includes important features that distinguish solidarity from other values like empathy or altruism: solidarity emphasizes action rather than mere internal feeling and recognition of connection as motivation.[4]
Bioethicists have since applied this conceptualization when analyzing issues in public and global health, given that population-level efforts need cooperation from individuals and communities. Prainsack and Buyx further note that solidarity is relevant in bioethics discourses about justice and equity, in support of providing aid to low- and middle-income countries, and as a value exemplified by European welfare states.[5] Other bioethicists have argued that promoting solidarity can contribute to community engagement, partnership with Tribal communities, and global health equity.[6] Most recently, scholars have applied solidarity as a lens to assess the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the pitfalls of national mitigation efforts and global disparities in disease outcomes.[7]
I.     Solidarity at Three Levels
It seems impossible to foster solidarity in public health if we cannot identify it in general contexts. Prainsack and Buyx articulate three levels of solidarity: interpersonal solidarity, group solidarity, and legal or contractual codifications of solidarity.[8] They argue that each level inherently informs the one 'above' it in a unilateral direction. In other words, solidarity is fundamentally a bottom-up phenomenon. Solidarity among individuals influences group norms, which then have the potential to shape policy and institutional practice.[9]
Within the Prainsack and Buyx framework, it would seem nonsensical to posit how solidarity might be expressed vertically or from the "top down." It appears intuitively odd to imagine how a government entity might 'be' in solidarity with a person or group if solidarity requires some cognition about their condition per Prainsack and Buyx' definition. Some have argued that solidarity does not seem like something that one can impose, as instances of it arise from agents recognizing and acting upon some bond rather than in response to a command. Indeed, people may be rightfully hesitant to engage in solidarity if the official messaging is overly paternalistic or coercive.[10] However, some authors have countered that governments can express solidarity through enacting structural and policy changes, though it is ambiguous how these actions are distinct from a justice-driven approach.[11]
If a bottom-up approach is thus the most practical means of achieving policy that reflects solidarity, then it does not add much to public health. Institutions would be ineffective without the population's initiation of the corresponding social norms. However, we find this conclusion overly pessimistic. Fostering a culture of solidarity to improve public health has potential merit. Prainsack and Buyx' framework overlooks how public health actors can influence solidarity between individuals and across communities. To clarify, we agree with the view that solidarity is a bottom-up phenomenon. Solidarity may not be able to originate in a top-down fashion, but we suggest that public health institutions can take a more active role in providing the public with accurate information, promoting social justice, and intervening in the social determinants of health.
II.     The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Case Study
Lessons learned from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic support our argument. The pandemic deepened socioeconomic disparities in the US and hindered access to vital resources such as food, housing, and healthcare.[12] Prainsack recently noted: "[n]ext to the immediate health effects of the virus, poverty and grave inequalities have been the root causes of human suffering during the pandemic."[13]  Prior to the pandemic, many rural and low-income populations lacked reliable access to the internet and devices like laptops or smartphones. This continued lack of access restricts the flow of information and prevents people from accessing telemedicine services.[14] Preexisting social, political, and health inequities worsened health outcomes among many marginalized racial and ethnic groups. It is well-documented that communities of color, including Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Latinx populations, had greater COVID-related mortality and morbidity due to the effects of structural racism.[15] Although federal US agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention enacted laws that provided safety nets (e.g., the Federal Eviction Moratorium), the majority of such programs have ended, leaving many with little assistance and the threat of further hardship.[16]
These disparities are relevant because Prainsack, Buyx, and others note that solidarity arises from agents recognizing and acting on some perceived attainable collective goal(s). Income inequality and disparate access to food, education, and health care may lead people to consider public health goals unattainable. This could limit the desire to work toward those goals collectively.[17] The existing literature on collective action theory supports this intuition. It emphasizes that structural conditions, such as an absence of perceived hope for social change among a group, can lead to low 'group efficacy' and little willingness to cooperate, both within and across socioeconomic strata.[18]
The pandemic spurred countless messages from public health agencies. The messaging did not recognize or attend to the different material realities and circumstances of the US population. How can people feel comfortable getting vaccinated if they deeply distrust the government, including public health institutions? How can people remain motivated to wear masks and distance themselves if they cannot afford basic necessities and work jobs without adequate pay and leave policies? We ask these questions to illustrate how socioeconomic disparities can marginalize people if they feel ignored, apathetic, or resentful of those better off or those in power whom they perceive to "not be doing enough." This marginalization precludes the formation of solidarity.
There are instances when a population has disparate access to resources and social capital, but solidarity may still emerge from a shared goal or vision for the future. For example, a heterogeneous population living in the same town may come together to protest an environmental injustice that impacts their water supply with the common goal of securing access to safe drinking water. However, many populations in the US failed to recognize shared goals of this kind during the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant minority of the US population was reluctant to acknowledge the severity of COVID-19 infection and thus refused to participate in efforts to mitigate its spread. Even between groups who shared the goal of slowing COVID-19 transmission, the methods were widely debated. Approximately 20 percent of the adult population eligible for vaccination remains unvaccinated.[19] Governmental bodies responsible for disseminating information, coordinating the allocation of resources, and establishing guidelines have a large role in mediating these disagreements and intervening in socioeconomic conditions that impact people's ability and willingness to engage in solidarity.
III.     Solidarity, Social Justi


I. PROFILES OF LEARNING: CURRENT AND STRATEGIC. 1. The Competitive Edge: Learning for Strategic Advantage. 2. Assessing Learning in Your Team or Company: Learning Orientations. 3. Assessing the Conditions for Learning: Facilitating Factors. 4. Recognizing Your "Best Possible" Learning Profile. II. LEARNING CHOICES, LEARNING INTERVENTIONS. 5. Ways to Enhance or Shift Learning Orientations. 6. Promoting the Conditions for Learning. 7. Learning Across Team and Corporate Boundaries. III. THE ADVANTAGED LEARNER. 8. Making Learning Investments: Learning Portfolios and Architectures. 9. Critical Challenges in Learning "Best Practices". 10. The Learning Horizon. References. Index.


Preface Cellulosic Biofuels: Analysis of Policy Issues for Congress State of the Art in Biorefinery in Finland & the United States, 2008 Fuel Ethanol: Background & Public Policy Issues Agriculture-Based Renewable Energy Production Statement of Dallas Tonsager, Under Secretary for Rural Development, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, & Research, - U.S. House Committee on Agriculture Statement of Dr. Rajiv Shah, Under Secretary of Research, Education & Economics, before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, & Research, - U.S. House Committee on Agriculture Testimony of Susan Ellerbusch, President, BP Biofuels North America, LLC, before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy & Research, - U.S. House Committee on Agriculture Testimony of William Roe, President & Chief Executive Officer, Coskata, Inc., before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy & Research, - U.S. House Committee on Agriculture Statement of Bruce A. Jamerson, Chairman, Board of Directors, Mascoma Corporation, before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, & Research, Hearing to "Review the Future of Next Generation Biofuels" Index.


Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of shortness, overweight and obesity among primary school students in three different regions of Turkey during the course of a program of medical screening in town and village schools located in the provinces of Istanbul, Igdir and Mugla.

Material and Method: A total of 1,134 students were studied. These subjects were students of a village primary school in the district of Şile-Istanbul, 6 village schools in the district of Karakoyunlu-Igdir and another primary school in the district of Gocek-Mugla; they were reviewed in terms of short stature, overweight, and obesity.

Results: It was seen in the study that a total of 116 (10.2%) of the children reviewed were below the third percentile in terms of height relative to age. In all of the regions analyzed, 123 children (10.8%) were found to be overweight, 60 (5.3%) were obese. The frequency of overweight by regions was 16.1% in Şile-Istanbul, 3.7% in Karakoyunlu-Igdir and 17.5% in Gocek-Mugla. Frequencies of obesity in the respective regions were 5.4%, 0.9%, and 10.1%.

Conclusion: The frequency of shortness and obesity was found to differ in three different regions of Turkey. In assessing the frequency of short stature and obesity in Turkey, we believe it will be useful to review similarities and differences in socio-economic data separately for the various regions of the country.


Soil has the characteristics of volume change accompanying with plastic deformation, differing from metal. Hence, the equivalent deviatoric stress q at yielding depends on pressure p. The dependency of q on p is referred to as yield curve or yield function. In soil mechanics Cam-clay model and cap model have been frequently used as yield curve. However, it does not seem to have been examined whether the shapes of these yield curves are consistent with the soil behaviour observed experimentally. So far several experiments have been carried out in compressing a parallel piped specimen under plane strain condition for obtaining the information on the onset of shear banding. For predicting yield curve by referring to their results, the following assumptions are set up. Yield curves expand similarlyin shape with plastic de formation and yield function plays as plastic potential. Yield curve prediction needs two kinds of physical values measured in tri-axial compression tests, for example axial stress, volumetric strain and so on. Under a certain condition the yield curves predicted have the similar shapeto that in Cam-clay model. In these procedures modified hardening characteristics were used, and it was found that the characteristics also are very similar to that in Cam-clay model.


The covid-19 pandemic has significantly brought a lot of challenges and innovations to the educational sector. This study, therefore, examined the level of adoption of e-learning as an implication of the Covid-19 pandemic for teaching and learning of Arabic (ARA) and Islamic Studies (ISS) in Ogun State's tertiary institutions that offer either one or the two twin courses using descriptive survey research design. The population comprised all thirty-four (34) lecturers of the twin disciplines in the five (5) Ogun State's tertiary institutions where the courses are offered. All the lecturers constituted the study sample using total enumeration sampling techniques. Findings from the study revealed relatively high knowledge of e-learning tools among the lecturers of ISS and ARA (A.W.M. = 2.91 > Criterion Mean of 2.50). However, this study also indicated that their levels of utilization were abysmally low (A.W.M. = 2.20 < Criterion Mean of 2.50). It was also found out that several challenges such as poor ICT knowledge of lecturers and students, lack of gadgets and poor network among others are barriers (A.W.M. = 3.06 > Criterion Mean of 2.50). This study concluded that to be more effective and efficient, Arabic and Islamic Study lecturers should further develop and improve their competency in using ICT resources for e-learning during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. It is recommended that Arabic and Islamic studies lecturers be proactive in acquiring sound functional digital knowledge to remain relevant in the profession.


The utility model relates to a medical vaccination pad for hemostasis and needle eye nursing after vaccination, comprising a medical proof fabric, an isolation paper, an adhesive layer and a water absorbing pad, wherein the water absorbing pad is adhered to the middle of the medical proof fabric through the adhesive layer, and the isolation paper is adhered to the two opposite ends of the medical proof fabric; and the whole medical proof fabric is closed by the isolation paper which is arranged above the water absorbing pad in an overlapping way. The utility model has the advantages that: firstly, high-quality materials are adopted, the breathable performance is good, the exudation can be absorbed, and the wound is dry and breathable; secondly, the medical vaccination pad belongs to a physical patch, does not contain any chemical ingredient, and has no any impact on the activity of vaccine; thirdly, the medical proof fabric is in a cartoon shape, thereby being soothing for vaccinated children and better catering for the requirements of safe and effective vaccination in national immunization programs in new era; and finally, by annular pasting and extrusion, the purpose of hemostasis can be achieved, and the prior wound plaster can achieve the purpose of hemostasis through annular binding.


Objective To determine Tissue Motion Annular Displacement( TMAD) of the mitral valves combined with TEI index to evaluate changes of left ventricular systolic function in patients with uremia. Methods We selected 42 early uremia patients as research objects. Transthoracic conventional two- dimensional echocardiography showed no significant abnormality in cardiac structure and left ventricular systolic function. Analysis were performed on the measurement result of TMAD using STI and TEI index using Doppler( TDI). Another 30 cases were used as a normal control group,and compared to the uremia patient group. Results 2D- STI determination of systolic mitral valve annulus in patients with Ventricular septal( TMAD- S),the displacement of the left ventricle wall( TMAD- L) and the displacement of midpoint of the mitral valve annulus( TMAD- Midpt),and the maximum displacement of the midpoint of the mitral valve annulus as a percentage of left ventricular long- axis( TMAD- Midpt%) were lower than those in the control group; the differences were statistically significant( P 0. 05). The TEI index of case group measured with tissueDoppler Imaging( TDI) was significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). TMAD value of case group was negatively correlated with TEI index( r =- 0. 592,P 0. 05). Conclusion TMAD technology combined with TEI index can find the left ventricular systolic dysfunction earlier than two dimensional echocardiography and provide reliable evidence for early prevention and treatment. It is a practical method.


Knowledge of the mechanism of formation, orientation, and location of phases inside thin perovskite films is essential to optimize their optoelectronic properties. Among the most promising, low toxicity, lead‐free perovskites, the tin‐based ones are receiving much attention. Here, an extensive in situ and ex situ structural study is performed on the mechanism of crystallization from solution of 3D formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3), 2D phenylethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2SnI4), and hybrid PEA2FAn−1SnnI3n+1 Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites. Addition of small amounts of low‐dimensional component promotes oriented 3D‐like crystallite growth in the top part of the film, together with an aligned quasi‐2D bottom‐rich phase. The sporadic bulk nucleation occurring in the pure 3D system is negligible in the pure 2D and in the hybrid systems with sufficiently high PEA content, where only surface crystallization occurs. Moreover, tin‐based perovskites form through a direct conversion of a disordered precursor phase without forming ordered solvated intermediates and thus without the need of thermal annealing steps. The findings are used to explain the device performances over a wide range of composition and shed light onto the mechanism of the formation of one of the most promising Sn‐based perovskites, providing opportunities to further improve the performances of these interesting Pb‐free materials.


Apparatus for producing aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions, comprising (A) a reactor (1), (B) a first storage unit (8), - comprising a first reactant for the production of chlorine dioxide, wherein the first reactant is present as a solid, - with an inlet (15) for water and an outlet which is separate (21) - wherein the first storage unit (8) is arranged replaceably, (C) a second storage unit (4) for storing a second reactant for the production of chlorine dioxide, wherein the first storage unit (8) feed and / or derivative-side tube equipped with quick release fasteners and or wherein said inlet for water (15) by means of a quick-acting closure to the supply line (9) fluid-tightly connectable and or said apparatus comprising additionally (D) a liquid-tight manner with the inlet (15) connected to water supply line (9) for connecting the first storage unit (8) with a water supply.


This study introduces the notion of an "expertise gap," a mismatch between researcher expertise and research content. I show that these gaps can exist and warrant our attention in research endeavors that involve multidisciplinarity embedded in complex research designs. Writing as an education researcher concerned with educator quality, I show that several expertise gaps are embedded in a particular statistical approach to the measurement of teacher effectiveness: the use of value-added models. My analysis lays out the basic argument structure behind these models, locates eight consequential assumptions that researchers are obligated to make, and considers the kind of disciplinary expertise that these assumptions call for. I argue for the importance of illuminating expertise gaps and studying how they shape public understanding of science and technology.


The article deals with the system of justice and its influence on the legal consciousness in Russia before the Great Reforms of the 1860 s; discusses the main reasons, institutions and principles of the judicial reform of 1864; defines changes that came over the legal consciousness of Russian society in the post-reform period.


Language is the carrier of culture. In English teaching, students are exposed to not only English language knowledge, but also English culture. How to deal with the negative effects of cultural conflicts in English teaching is an important task for English teaching for a long time. This paper analyzes the forms of cultural conflicts between Chinese and western civilization, including the conflicts of privacy view, time view, family view and body language. The paper puts forward the countermeasures of strengthening cultural guidance, enriching teaching methods and opening up the second class to help students solve the problems caused by cultural conflicts in English learning and improve their intercultural communication ability.


Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important regulators of retinal development and survival. We examined the expression and distribution of FGF9 and its preferred receptors FGFR2IIIc and FGFR3IIIc in this tissue. FGF9 transcripts in whole rat retina were detected by RT‐PCR but were not present in purified cultured Müller glia. Transcripts appeared as 3.2‐kb and 4.0‐kb bands on Northern blots, and Western blotting of whole retina revealed FGF9‐immunoreactive bands at 30 and 55 kDa. FGF9 mRNA demonstrated a biphasic expression profile, elevated at birth and adulthood, but relatively decreased during terminal retinal differentiation (4–14 days postnatal). Antibody labeling broadly reflected these findings: staining in vivo was observed mainly in the inner retina (and outer plexiform layer in adults) whereas FGF9 was not detectable in cultured Müller glia. In adults, FGF9 in situ hybridization also showed a detectable signal in inner retina. FGFR2IIIc and FGFR3IIIc were detected by RT‐PCR, and Western blotting showed both FGFRs existed as multiple forms between ∼100–200 kDa. FGFR2 and FGFR3 antibodies showed prominent labeling in the inner retina, especially in proliferating cultured Müller glia. Exogenous FGF9 elicited a dose‐dependent increase in Müller glial proliferation in vitro. These data suggest a role for FGF9 in retinal differentiation and maturation, possibly representing a neuronally derived factor acting upon glial (and other) cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper presents the design of a new Wilkinson power divider for dual-band application. The proposed circuit also features a simple structure with realistic impedance values, distributed design with reduced parasitic effect (in compared to lumped component), and exact solution (ideal characteristics). Closed-form design equations are derived using the even-and odd-mode formulation. For verification, the measured results of a microstrip power divider operating at 1 and 2 GHz is shown.


Objective To confirm the effect of warm-water infusion replating air insufflation during unsedated colonoscopy by trainees on the incidence of cecal intubation rate.Methods Unsedated colonoscopy were randomly assigned to the group of warm-water infusion(water group)and traditional air insuffiation group(gas group).The cecal intubation rate and learning curve in half year were compared between water group and gas group.Results In the second month,the cecal intubation rate within 10 min of water group was 60.4%,which was significantly higher than 37.0% in gas group(P=0.020).If included all cases of half year during training,the cecal intubation rate of water group was 61.5%,which was significantly higher than 52.9% in gas group(P=0.014).Conclusion Warm-water infusion repleting air insufflation could increase the cecal intubation rate during unsedated colonoscopy by trainees.Warm-water infusion is an inexpensive and effective method to improve the learning curve of colonoscopy by trainee.


Readiness to teach is crucial in learning. Learners appreciate and learn Reading when teachers are competent. The study was conducted to determine the readiness of the teacher-respondents to teach Reading along content, procedural, and motivational aspect. Specifically, it described the profile of respondents, determined their problems in teaching Reading, and identified the best teaching strategy. This was conducted in Tigaon District in Camarines Sur, Region V, Philippines. A quali-quanti research, it made use of survey questionnaire and interview schedule. Seventy nine (79) respondents of the 337 teachers from the 23 elementary schools in the district were made respondents and five were interviewed. Findings shows that most of the respondents were between the ages 41-45 age years old, and with the highest educational attainment of Bachelor of Elementary Education. Currently, majority are Teacher 1 with 6-10 years and 26-30 years in teaching. Most are teaching in Grade one. The main problem encountered by the respondents in teaching Reading was the poor reading comprehension of the pupils indicated by 64 of the 79 respondents. The learners tend to literally comprehend the text rather than interpret evaluate, or understand the creative meaning. Experiencing this common problem,71 of the 79 respondents perceive the Marungko Approach as the best method to teach Reading. The level of readiness of the respondents to teach Reading was found high in content (3.44) and motivational aspect (3.43) and moderate in procedural aspect (3.25). Their overall readiness was high, however, they have to work more on their competence along academic qualification and experiences. The study then recommends that DepEd formulates and implements a Reading Development Plan which will include sending teachers to graduate programs and teacher trainings on Reading and Information Technology (IT). Moreover, to address the top three problems of teachers in this study, a Reading Hub or Reading Center in each school may be established to provide daily reading activities for the learners.

Keywords: Readiness of Teachers, Challenges of teachers in teaching Reading.


The use of organ extracts to treat psychiatric disorder in the interwar period is an episode in the history of psychiatry which has largely been forgotten. An analysis of case-notes from The Maudsley Hospital from the period 1923–1938 shows that the prescription of extracts taken from animal testes, ovaries, thyroids, and other organs was widespread within this London Hospital. This article explores the way in which Maudsley doctors justified these treatments by tying together psychological theories of the unconscious with experimental data drawn from laboratory studies of human organs. It explores the logic behind these treatments and examines beliefs about their efficacy. The connection between this historical episode and current research in endocrinology and psychology is explored. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This article addresses the meaning of schooling for Mexican working-classfamilies. In my ethnographic research I analyzed narratives of the life courses and school experiences of tenfamilies. I describe one cultural model involved in their rela- tionship with schooling, which I call 'family supportfor individ- ual effort. "Parents emphasize 'family support" and, at the same time, encourage individual personality traits in their children. The young men and women take their parents' support for granted whilefeeling responsiblefor their own actions and deci- sions concerning school. The narratives suggest that individu- als can construct diverse experiences with schooling on the basis of the same cultural model.


Abstract An approach is presented for directly deriving a variable parameter Muskingum method from the St. Venant equations for routing floods in channels having any shape of prismatic cross-section and flow following either Manning's or Chezy's friction law. The approach also allows the simultaneous computation of the stage hydrograph corresponding to a given inflow or the routed hydrograph. This first paper also describes the solution procedure for routing the discharge hydrograph. A second paper (Perumal, 1994b) presents a verification of the methodology.


In embedded systems Scratch memory is generally used as an addition to caches or as a substitute of cache, but due to their comprehensive ease of programmability cache containing architectures are still to be chosen in numerous applications. Power consumption of ported applications can be significantly lowered as well as the portability of scratchpad architectures will be advanced with our suggested language-agnostic software management method. To enhance the memory configuration on relevant architectures, a variety of present methods is reviewed for finding the chances of optimizations and usage of new methods as well as their applicability to numerous memory schemes are discussed in this paper.


. The relevance of the knife profile optimization to ensure resource saving during fish cutting has been shown. The mechanical behavior of the muscle tissue of the raw material corresponds to the Maxwell-Thomson rheo-logical model and by the Kelvin differential equation is described. When modeling the shape of a knife curved facet, a third degree polynomial has been used. The rough surface of the facets has been approximately represented as a periodic function with one harmonic. Based on the expression for the dimensionless contact pressure, the dimensionless deformation friction force has been determined. As a result of a numerical solution of the optimization problem, the values of the optimal half angle of knife sharpening have been obtained, at which the minimum energy consumption for the deformation component of friction when the knife moves in the muscle tissue of the fish is provided. The dependences of the indicated optimum angle on the dimensionless cutting speed, the angle of mating of the edges, the dimensionless half thickness of the knife, and the measure of elasticity of the fish have been established. The optimal angle substantially depends on the dimensionless half thickness of the knife and the angle of conjugation of the edges, and also monoto-nously depends on the dimensionless speed with a pronounced minimum. It was determined that when cutting fish with a knife with a minimum mating angle of the edges, the optimal half sharpening angle is in the range of 25-28 degrees, which is about 3-5 degrees more than the half sharpening angle, optimal according to the criterion of the minimum shape resistance force.


New alkyl ester analogues of nifedipine, in which the orthonitrophenyl group of position 4 is replaced by 1-methyl 2-(p-nitrobenzyl)thio-5-imidazolyl substituent, were synthesized and evaluated as calcium-channel antagonists using the high K+ contraction of guinea-pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle. The results for the symmetrical esters showed that increasing the length of methylen chain in C3 and C5 ester substituents decreased activity. When the presence of bulky lipophilic esters increased activity. In unsymmetrical diester series, the results showed when R1 is a small substituent (R1 = Me), increasing of the lipophilic property in R2 substituent increased the activity if this high lipophilicity don't accompany with steric hinderance. Our results demonstrate that the most active compound was diphenyl ester derivative and it was almost seven times more active than the reference drug nifedipine.


Interaction between fluid in the porous medium and the conjugate free flow is observed in many natural and technical applications. In these applications, the flow and transport processes in the porous medium and in the free flow display strong interdependency. This is also influenced by the mechanisms of interaction at the common interface between the porous medium and the free flow. Studying these mechanisms plays a significant role in understanding the interaction behavior of these systems. Moreover, it is also important for the numerical modeling of such systems. An environmental example of such a system is evaporative drying of the shallow sub-surface subjected to the atmospheric free flow. As it significantly influences the terrestrial water balance and soil salinization, developing a detailed understanding about such a coupled system is very important. Furthermore, salt precipitation associated with evaporation from the shallow sub-surface directly affects the fertility of the soil. This becomes significantly important in the arid, semi-arid or coastal regions, where water from the deep hydrological systems is largely used for irrigation. Literature review shows that the soil salinization associated with the promoted irrigation is a major problem for farmers worldwide, as it directly influences the crop yield. In such systems, the evaporative salinization is influenced by the ambient air velocity, temperature and humidity on the free flow side and, by the soil properties and properties of water used for irrigation on the porous-media side. Therefore, for studying the evaporation and salinization dynamics in such systems, developing a detailed understanding of the underlying processes is very important and, elaborations using the modeling tools are very crucial. The main focus of this PhD thesis is to study evaporative salinization in the shallow sub-surface exposed to the adjacent atmospheric free flow. For this purpose, in the first part of this work, we develop a coupled model concept which describes a two-phase compositional porous-media system coupled with a single-phase compositional free flow. The developed REV scale model is robust and capable of comprehensive analysis of the exchange processes for mass, momentum and energy between the free flow and the porous medium. The developed model concept is implemented in the numerical framework of the open source porous-media simulator DuMu. In a natural hydrogeochemical system mixed salt precipitates is frequently observed. Therefore, in the second part, the model is extended to describe reactive transport of dissolved ionic species. Here, chemistry driven approaches are used to describe the salt precipitation processes. In addition to this, the model also accounts for solid salt accumulation driven changes in the porous media properties. Moreover, it provides the flexibility to analyze the influence of different free flow and porous media processes and parameters on evaporation and salinization dynamics. Evaporative salinization experiments was performed by the research group of Professor Nima Shokri at the University of Manchester. During these experiments saline-water saturated sand-columns were exposed to drying in an environmental chamber. The data from these experiments is used for model validation in this work. The first validation study is carried out using the simplified model for stage SS1 of evaporative salinization. Here, dissolved salt (NaCl) is assumed to be a single component and equilibrium based approach is used for salt precipitation. Thus, during evaporation, spontaneous salt precipitation is expected as dissolved salt in the solution reaches its solubility limit. For this approach, the validation study has shown excellent agreement between the model results and experimental observations. This simplified model is then applied for all stages of saline water evaporation. The comparison between numerical and experimental results was promising. However, the numerical results has shown divergence from the experimental observations in late stage SS1 and during transition to stage SS2. To understand these differences, a details parameter analysis is carried out. For this, influence of the free flow, porous medium and their interface on evaporation and salinization dynamics is analyzed. The parameter analysis highlighted that the variation in individual parameters or processes in the free flow, porous medium or at their interface can significantly influence evaporation and salt precipitation behavior. In the second validation study, the extended model is applied to analyze precipitation dynamics in a mixed salt (NaCl-NaI) system. Here, in order to account for salt precipitation process both equilibrium and kinetic reaction based approaches are developed. These approaches are first validated using the available experimental data for single salt (NaCl) precipitation. This validation indicated that both the equilibrium and kinetic precipitation approaches are well in accordance with the experimental observations. Furthermore, for mixed salt precipitation (NaCl-NaI), the simulation results are found to be in good accordance with the phenomenological explanations discussed in the literature. Due to lack of experimental data, the mixed salt precipitation model will be validated in the near future. We conclude that the developed model concept offers a comprehensive and robust framework for modeling dissolved salt transport and precipitation processes in the drying shallow subsurface interacting with the free flow. Moreover, the validation studies indicate that the model is reliable to study and analyze the reactive transport and mixed salt precipitation processes in


We focus on the situation with a Gaussian a priori model for the elastic parameters, assuming isotropic medium. The model incorporates spatial dependence in inline–crossline and traveltime dimensions. Previous attempts at solving this problem in high dimension has largely involved linear models with stationary structure. In this paper we study inversion methods using a non-linear, quadratic approximation for the reflectivity model. The methods incorporate non-stationary prior and likelihood error models. In particular, we compare results for the linear and quadratic model without and with the stationary assumption. The computational routines required for the non-linear inversion scheme are based on ideas from numerical linear algebra. These are thoroughly investigated here, in our context of seismic amplitude versus angle inversion, defining starting positions that avoid unphysical optima and pre-conditioners required for large scale inversion. A parameter sweep over different noise level reveals where it may be advantageous to use a non-linear inversion.


The paper presents the history of the Global Engineering Deans Council (GEDC) creation and activities carried out by this international educational organization. The "global engineer"is defined from the perspective of this organization; the global engineering projects in Dubai are described. Moreover, the prospects for the development of engineering education in themodern global world are given.


[see reaction]. Silylcupration reaction of 1,3-dienes with a cyanocuprate reagent, PhMe2SiCuCNLi, followed by an electrophilic trapping has been reported for the first time. The use of allylic phosphates as electrophiles resulted in a highly regioselective reaction with overall 1,4-addition of the silyl and allyl moieties across the diene.


UBTF (upstream binding transcription factor) exists as two isoforms; UBTF1 regulates rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 1, whereas UBTF2 regulates mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 2. Herein, we describe 4 patients with very similar patterns of neuroregression due to recurrent de novo mutations in UBTF (GRCh37/hg19, NC_000017.10: g.42290219C>T, NM_014233.3: c.628G>A) resulting in the same amino acid change in both UBTF1 and UBTF2 (p.Glu210Lys [p.E210K]). Disease onset in our cohort was at 2.5 to 3 years and characterized by slow progression of global motor, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. Notable early features included hypotonia with a floppy gait, high-pitched dysarthria and hyperactivity. Later features included aphasia, dystonia, and spasticity. Speech and ambulatory ability were lost by the early teens. Magnetic resonance imaging showed progressive generalized cerebral atrophy (supratentorial> infratentorial) with involvement of both gray and white matter. Patient fibroblasts showed normal levels of UBTF transcripts, increased expression of pre-rRNA and 18S rRNA, nucleolar abnormalities, markedly increased numbers of DNA breaks, defective cell-cycle progression, and Received: August 31, 2017. Revised: November 29, 2017. Accepted: December 19, 2017 VC The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact email@example.com 691 Human Molecular Genetics, 2018, Vol. 27, No. 4 691–705 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddx435 Advance Access Publication Date: 2 January 2018


We thank Dr. Oetter, Registrar and CEO of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, for her letter[1][1] in response to our commentary.[2][2]

Contrary to her assertion that we "are making inaccurate assumptions about what regulators know and do," we understand, and indeed


Mutations in the prion‐like domain of RNA binding proteins cause dysfunctional stress responses and associated aggregate pathology in patients with neurogenic and myopathic phenotypes. Recently, mutations in ANXA11 have been reported in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multisystem proteinopathy. Here we studied families with an autosomal dominant muscle disease caused by ANXA11:c.118G > T;p.D40Y.


This paper presents a methodology for parameter estimation of a suitable model for energy management services in office and apartment settings. The objective of this work is to identify model structures and tune parameters to fit recorded data. Once these parameters have been identified , the model will support energy services (prediction, explanation). Grey-box models are proposed to estimate the temperature and CO$_{2}$ concentration based only on few sensors. Then, two different estimation parameter methods have been applied relying on a descent algorithm or a genetic one. Different structures have been compared. Finally, the resulting model has been applied to two case studies: an office and an apartment.


Abstract: A combination of high fuel costs, concerns about petroleum availability, and air quality issues related to fossil fuel-based vehicles are driving interests in electric vehicles (EVs). In this article, we conduct an integrative literature review to assess the global EV battery raw material supply chain, and identify potential issues with the security and supply of lithium for production of lithium ion batteries. State-of-the-Art Matrix Analysis (SAM) is used to characterize literature into major areas of concern including resources/reserves, supply and demand, geopolitical environment, and recycling. Furthermore, we develop a lithium supply chain model that provides a framework with which to investigate the technical, geopolitical, and economic factors that impact the supply of lithium through different life cycle stages. Results of this research will provide the engineering manager with a better understanding of issues surrounding the lithium supply chain for EVs, and will facilitate decision-making.


3,3-(Butane-1,4-diyl)bis(1,2-dimethyl-1 H -imidazole-3-ium)bromide ([BDBDMIm]Br) is easily used as an efficient and recyclable ionic liquid for the synthesis of bis coumarinyl methanes in the presence of a catalytic amount of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) under grinding. All reactions are performed in the absence of solvent in excellent yield during short reaction time. Furthermore, the ionic liquid can be reused and recovered for several times without loss of activity. This method provides several advantages such as simple work-up, environmental friendliness and shorter reaction time along with high yields. All of synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and elemental analyses. KEY WORDS : Grinding, Ionic liquid, CAN, 4-Hydroxycoumarin, Oxidation, One-pot Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2017 , 31(2), 323-329.       DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v31i2.13


57 ABSTRACT An aqueous black ink for a writing process in which ink is transferred in droplets onto a print carrier. The ink comprises 25-42 g/l. of the direct Diamine Blue 6B, extra high concentration; 14-22 g/l. of the direct dye Diamine Scarlet 4BS, extra concentration; 290-430 mi./1. of formamide; 32-48 ml/1. of 90% diethanol amine, 24-60 g/l. of citric acid, a water-soluble and organic soluble disinfectant, and balance essentially water. A process for producing such an ink comprises the steps of mixing both dyes together; introducing the mixture at room temperature in incremental portions into the formamide and stirring until the dyes are sub stantially completely dissolved. Undissolved salts are removed from the mixture. Diethanolamine and dis tilled water are introduced under agitation into the mixture. The pH is adjusted to about 6 to 8 with citric acid and disinfectant is added. The mixture is filtered under vacuum and then gases are withdrawn by treating the mixture under a vacuum.


The martensitic steels X30CrMoN15-1 and 100Cr6 did not show any hydrogen enhanced wear in sliding friction tests against alumina balls in hydrogen gas environment. However, depending on the purity of the environment, unexpected high wear occurred at the alumina ball. The results of a tests series with a broad variation of test parameters are presented.


Objective:We study the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy developing in a previous cesarean scar to explore the best treatment.Method:A retrospective study was carried out,which analysed clinical process of 14 cases who underwent a previous cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy in our hospital from Nov.2004 to Jun.2007.Result: A rightly diagnosis was made in 6 cases of 14 and a wrong diagnosis was made in the other 8 of 14,the misdiagnose rate was 57.14%.The drug and expectant therapy was performed in 8 patients of 14 and one of them had a following laparotomy for the failure.There were 5 patients of 14 who had undergone laparotomy directly.Uterine artery embolization was performed in only one case of 14.Conclusion:An ectopic pregnancy developing in a previous cesarean scar should be diagnosed by B ultrasound scan as soon as possible.Once diagnosed,a fitting medication should be applied according to the symptom,physical characteristics, B scan and beta-hCG,which is safe and effective.


Clouds represent a critical component of the Earth's atmospheric energy balance as a result of their interactions with solar and terrestrial radiation and a redistribution of heat through convective processes and latent heating. Despite their importance, clouds and the processes that control their development, evolution and lifecycle remain poorly understood. Consequently, the simulation of clouds and their associated feedbacks is a primary source of inter-model differences in equilibrium climate sensitivity. An important step in improving the representation of cloud process simulations is an improved high-resolution observational data set of the cloud systems including their time evolution. The first order quantity needed to understand the important role of clouds is the height of cloud occurrence and how it changes as a function of time. To this end, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facilities (ACRF) suite of instrumentation has been developed to make the observations required to improve the representation of cloud systems in atmospheric models.


Qualitative methods of ordinary differential equation and Liapunov center theorem were used to study the existence of periodic solutions for higher order autonomous Birkhoff systems. For higher order autonomous Birkhoff systems, the character of the characteristic roots of the Frechet derivative C was obtained. Furthermore the existence theorem of periodic solutions was obtained by using Liapunov center theorem, and an example was presented to illustrate the results.


Despite of accumulated information of the LBS (lysine binding site) of the plasmin, little is known of characteristic stereogeometry at the active center. The present studies were kinetically made by using selective synthetic substrates or inhibitors, with expectations that tri-pod structure of highly selective substrates and inhibitors would indicate the replica structure of the active center. From the results obtained, we conclude that the plasmin active center assumes the following three pockts; (1) the first pocket is characterized just to fit the positively charged head of the lysine residue, (2) the second is equipped with very fine structure just to fit (2R, 4R) structure of 4-metyle-2-piperidine-carboxylic acid, but not other stereoisomers of the above mentioned radical (Table 1), and (3) when examined by D-Ile-L-Phe-L-Lys-pNA, 3-methyl-valeric acid-L-Phe-L-Lys-pNA and L-Ile-L-Phe-L-Lys-pNA, the third pocket is to fit (a) D-Ile-, (b) 3-methyl-valeric acid-, and (c) L-Ile-, with differend Km values (a) 20μM, (b) 180μM, and (c) 330μM respectively, the highest affinity of the third pocket for the terminal D-Ile derivative being indicated (Table 2).


The city of Lahore had become one of the most important commercial and industrial centres in the Punjab by the end of British rule. Although Muslims constituted the majority of the population, it was, however, the Hindus and Sikhs who largely controlled economic activity in the city. Any territorial division of the province was likely to be grim not only for community relations but also for the city's continued prosperity. Based on archival material, this paper firstly, seeks to explain Lahore's colonial growth by demonstrating the ways in which the city's urbanisation was stimulated by the development of civil lines, cantonment areas and migration, along with the ways in which its strategic location, boosted by the development of railways, assisted in its rise. It then looks at the impact of these structural changes and urban developments on the experiences of people and practices of trade and employment. Secondly, it outlines the role Hindu and Sikh trading classes were playing in the city's socio-economic life on the eve of Partition. Finally, it assesses community relations in pre-1947 Lahore, assessing to what extent the strains of rapid urbanisation and improved means of communication impacted on religious harmony and how the growth of reformist and revivalist organisations sharpened religious identities. _______________________________________________________________


The energy consumption used to dry green pine dimension lumber in a 1,240-board-foot-capacity experimental kiln was studied at various operating conditions. Energy consume by the steam-heated kiln was measured with the aid of a system of condensers and holding tan s that separated and collected the steam condensate. i" Results show that charges dried at high temperature (240 F) required 12% lelss energy than similar charges dried in a similar way at 190 F, and 15% less energy than, charges dried at temperatures bet,ween 165 and 175 F. Data are presented to illustrate that differences in energy for drying at different temperatures are the result of increased heat lost by radiation during thp longer kiln residence required when drying at lower temperatures. Kr>~word\: Drying energy, kiln drying, steam consumption, high-temperaturedrying, southern pine dl-ying.


Homoeopathy can work superiorly in psychiatric cases. There is no need of any Anxiolytic drugs to cure some specific phobia cases if physician gets exact similimum. How to deal with the cases of psychiatry when you don't get common symptoms of disease? How to select potency which can give better result in case? What are the other ancillary measures useful in treating phobic cases?


The air quality levels in various regions around the world remain a large public concern. Transportation is known to be a major contributor to reduced air quality levels. Until now, the modeling of the regional impact of transportation on air quality has been based on the assumption of determinism. On the other hand, it is well recognized that transportation systems are subject to both demand and supply uncertainties. In this paper, the authors relax the assumption of determinism and allow for capacity and link flow uncertainty. The authors introduce a probability measure – coined the conformity probability – to capture the full probabilistic behavior of vehicular emissions. Moreover, stochastic dependencies are modeled using copulas, generalizing other commonly used dependence modeling techniques in the transportation network modeling arena. In a case study the authors demonstrate that such a generalization is critical as the ranking of capacity expansion projects to improve air quality is shown to be dependent on the hypothesized dependence structure.


There is a great demand for a new engineer within the Swedish Construction Industry, one with a good command of the industrial and construction process as well as the forming and architectonic part ...


AES(Advanced encryption standard) is analyzed,and the specific design process and method is given.The AES Algorithm is designed in sequential architecture.As both the encryption module and decryption module use relevant and different initial key and key expansion module,the security of the communication could be strengthened.The 16-bit parallel bus communication interface is used,and the input and 128 output of FIFO data buffer is also employed to cache input data and finish the data encryption.The correctness of algorithm design is verified by ISE 13.1 simulation software.


This study investigates the effect of converter slag- a by-product of steel industry- as an iron fertilizer on Fe and pH of some calcareous soils. Slag used contained approximately 24% of iron oxides plus a relatively large amount of calcium, silicon, phosphorus, and manganese. An incubation study was conducted with 3 calcareous soils for up to 2 months and the treatments included various amounts of slag (alone and mixed with elemental sulfur and alfalfa powder). Results showed that application of slag increased ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable Fe and pH in soils.


The invention discloses an interface protection circuit and an interface protection method with oscillation LC characteristics, and relates to the field of communication. The circuit disclosed by the invention comprises a first overvoltage protection unit which is connected in parallel with a capacitor in an interface circuit. The first overvoltage protection unit releases the energy of the capacitor under the condition of lightning surge, power line lapping, and contact interference. The first overvoltage protection unit comprises one or more overvoltage protectors. The invention further discloses an interface protection method with oscillation LC characteristics. By using the technical scheme of the application, the energy of an LC loop can be released quickly and generation of LC resonance energy can be inhibited or reduced under the condition of lightning surge, power line lapping, and contact interference, and the problem that broadband signal attenuation and distortion is caused when the junction capacitance of a protection device is large is solved.


The field of DNA computing has recently attracted considerable attention. Because of its great capacity to conduct parallel relations, many NP-complete problems are solved by this approach. In this paper we present a molecular algorithm to solve the Longest Path Problem. Till now, no molecular algorithm is presented for this problem in the literatures on the weighted graph G=(V, E). The proposed molecular algorithm can be performed in O(|V|2) molecular operations. Special effort is spent on designing an scaling method for weight values in order to obtain an appropriate encoding for the problem. The effectiveness of this algorithm is verified by the computational simulation.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study the two dimensional deformation due to an internal heat source in a thermoelastic microelongated solid. A mechanical force is applied along an overlaying elastic layer of thickness h. The normal mode analysis has been applied to obtain the exact expressions for the displacement component, force stress, temperature distribution and microelongation. The effect of the internal heat source on the displacement component, force stress, temperature distribution and microelongation has been depicted graphically for Green-Lindsay (GL) theory of thermoelasticity.


Collisional absorption of laser light in a homogeneous, under-dense plasma is studied by a new particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code considering one-dimensional slab-plasma geometry. Coulomb collisions between charge particles in plasma are modeled by a Monte Carlo scheme. %[J. Comput. Phys. {\bf 25}, 205 (1977)]. %Both PIC and MC parts are individually benchmarked. For a given target thickness of a few times the wavelength of 800~nm laser of intensity $\I0$, fractional absorption ($\alpha$) of light due to Coulomb collisions (mainly between electrons and ions) is calculated at different electron temperature $\Te$ by introducing a total velocity $v = \sqrt{\vth^2 + \v0^2}$ dependent Coulomb logarithm $\ln\Lambda(v)$, where $\vth$, and $\v0$ are thermal and ponderomotive velocity of an electron. It is found that, in the low temperature regime ($\Te\lesssim15$~eV), fractional absorption of light anomalously increases with increasing $I_0$ up to a maximum corresponding to an intensity $I_c$, and then it drops when $I_0>I_c$. %(approximately) obeying the conventional scaling, i.e., %$\alpha \propto I_0^{-3/2}$ when $I_0>I_c$. Such an anomalous variation of $\alpha$ with $I_0$ in the low intensity regime was demonstrated earlier in experiments, and recently explained by classical and quantum models [Phys. Plasmas {\bf 21}, 013302 (2014); Phys. Rev. E {\bf 91}, 043102 (2015)]. % using the total velocity dependent cut-offs. %Here, we report anomalous nature of laser absorption by Here, for the first time, we report anomalous collisional laser absorption by %PIC simulations assisted by Monte Carlo collisions, PIC simulations, thus bridging the gap between models, simulations, and experimental findings.


1 Specialist M.D.; Kadikoy Medicana Hospital, Clinics of Neurosurgery, 34744, Istanbul, Turkey. 2 Prof. M.D.; Icerenkoy Bayındır Hospital, Clinics of Neurosurgery, 34752, Istanbul, Turkey *Corresponding Author's Email: email@example.com GSM: +9054 2436 7616 Current indications for surgical treatment of patients with traumatic intracerebral hematomas (TICH), generally observed after severe head traumas are unclear. Therefore, mortality and morbidity rates are higher in such cases. In the present study, the aim was to evaluate patients diagnosed with TISH in line with the literature. The archived medical records of patients (n=56) diagnosed with TICH between January 1991January 1997 in the neurosurgery clinic were scanned. The alpha significance value was accepted as < 0.05 during the evaluation of the obtained data. After initial neurological examinations of patients, 21 patients were diagnosed with mild head trauma (GCS: 13-15), 20 patients were diagnosed with moderate head trauma (GCS: 9-12), and 15 patients were diagnosed with severe head trauma (GCS: 3-8). 71.4% (n = 40) of these patients with TICH had concomitant multiple intracranial pathologies. CT scans revealed that 36 patients had cisternal compression and that 20 patients had not any cisternal compression. As a treatment modality, 53.6% (n = 30) of the patients were treated with conservative treatment, while the remaining patients (n = 26) underwent surgical treatment. Surgical intervention may be required in patients with midline shift greater than 5 mm at the level of the ventricle, and it should be kept in mind that if the volume of hematoma constitutes 4-8% of the total volume of the brain, this may pose a serious life-threat to the life of patients. An open or closed perimesencephalic cistern may be an important indicator for intracranial pressure. It should also be kept in mind that the localization of cerebral oedema and hematoma is important for surgical treatment.


Being parents is for most people a life goal. However, infertility diagnosis has been growing in recent years, with many couples having the need for medical interventions. Consequently, there is an increasing use of ovulation-inducing drugs, either as individual therapy, or associated with assisted reproductive techniques. Theoretically, it is possible that these treatments have some effect on the risk of developing ovarian, breast and endometrium cancer, since its etiology is associated with recognized hormonal and reproductive factors. It is crucial to know the potential correlation between treatment of female infertility and the risk of developing these cancers, for women who undergo these procedures. Most studies conducted until now have contradictory conclusions, failing to reach a clear relationship between both aspects (for ovarian, breast and endometrium cancers). These discrepancies are mainly due to methodological limitations imposed by sample size, follow-up times and imprecision of clinical data. Additionally, many are unable to control confounding factors. More recent studies have overcome some of these limitations, and they have not been able to conclude that there is an increased risk of cancer with the treatment of infertility, in general. Nevertheless, it is important to develop new studies with higher statistical power, to substantiate this argument.


Organic farming in Sambirejo District experienced very rapid development. This is driven by the emergence of farmers' awareness to undertake safe, environmentally friendly and profitable efforts. This study aims to: 1) Analyze the factors that support the interest of farmers in organic rice farming in Sambirejo District and 2) Identify the role of institutions in the development of organic rice farming in Sambirejo District. The location of the study was in Sambirejo sub-district with informants 62 peoples and key informants 14 peoples with qualitative descriptive analysis method with a Grounded Theory approach. The results showed that the level of education of farmers is high (80%), the number of young farmers (75%), high extension frequency (100%), unspoiled soil (100%), natural water (100%), high selling price (100%) and high profits (100%) support the interest of farmers in organic rice farming in Sambirejo District. Institutions have a large share in the development of organic rice farming in Sambirejo District. The District Agriculture Office assists infrastructure facilities, Agricultural extension agent as the tongue of the farmer, Marketing Institution Markets farming results, Farmers' groups to exchange ideas and information, The Livestock Service Office supports the availability of manure, Organic fertilizer companies help provide organic fertilizer and INOFICE (Indonesian Organic Farming Certification) as an organic food guarantee institution. DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/adv.v8i1.1610


The Chinese New Period's stream of consciousness novel not only has been introduced in many foreign countries but also has been reviewed in different degrees. But in the development of world literature some problems from them hide a certain subtle disparagement. Therefore in the face of our progress in literature advancing on the world we should keep both a little more of inner torment and a little more of perfectible internal work, which will be conductive to constructing a solid reciprocal platform of the literature exchanging on equal terms between China and foreign countries.


This study aims to review the species of Oribatula s. str. Berlese recorded in Romanian fauna, according to the most recent monographs and catalogues, but taking the original description and/or subsequent mentions into account, as well. Rich faunistic material was examined for this purpose, collected from various ecosystem types and from most regions of the country. Six species are analyzed from a morphological and biometrical point of view. In this context, reasons to consider Oribatula amblyptera Berlese, 1916 and O. sitnikovae Iordansky, 1991 as valid species are pointed out. A brief description and illustration of each species are given, along with data on their local distribution and ecology. An identification key is proposed.


Finger-vein verification is a highly secure biometric authentication that has been widely investigated over the last years. One of its challenges, however, is the possible degradation of image quality, that results in spurious and missing vein patterns, which increases the verification error. Despite recent advances in finger-vein quality assessment, the proposed solutions are limited as they depend on human expertise and domain knowledge to extract handcrafted features for assessing quality. We have proposed, recently, the first deep neural network (DNN) framework for assessing finger-vein quality, that does not require manual labeling of high and low quality images, as is the case for state of the art methods, but infers such annotations automatically based on an objective indicator, the biometric verification decision. This framework has significantly outperformed the existing methods, whether the input image is in grayscale or is binary. Motivated by these performances, we propose, in this work, a representation learning of finger vein image quality, where a DNN takes as input conjointly the grayscale and binary versions of the input image to predict vein quality. Our model allows to learn the joint representation from grayscale and binary images, for quality assessment. The experimental results, obtained on a large public dataset, demonstrates that our proposed method accurately identifies high and low quality images, and outperforms other techniques in terms of equal error rate (EER) minimization, including our previous DNN models, based either on grayscale or binary input.


We study the problem of learning nonparametric distributions in a finite mixture, and establish a super-polynomial lower bound on the sample complexity of learning the component distributions in such models. Namely, we are given i.i.d. samples from f where and we are interested in learning each component f i . Without any assumptions on f i , this problem is ill-posed. In order to identify the components f i , we assume that each f i can be written as a convolution of a Gaussian and a compactly supported density ν i with supp( ν i ) ∩ supp( ν j ) = ∅ . Our main result shows that Ω(( 1 ε ) C loglog 1 ε ) samples are required for estimating each f i . The proof relies on a fast rate for approximation with Gaussians, which may be of independent interest. This result has important implications for the hardness of learning more general nonparametric latent variable models that arise in machine learning applications.


A draft of Environment Canada`s ``Guidance on Control of Test Precision Using a Spiked Control Sediment Toxicity Test`` was reviewed by an international technical subcommittee. Comments were received, assessed, and discussed by members of the project steering committee, at which time, it was decided that in order to accommodate the recommendations of the subcommittee members, the revision of the document would be delayed until the results of some major sediment spiking and sediment formulation research initiatives were available. A minimum of ten critical issues were identified by the reviewers and these issues have been summarized and briefly discussed in light of the consensus reached by the subcommittee. The data published in recent months in the scientific literature have helped to resolve some of the issues, or at least provide supporting evidence for some of the decisions that have been reached. However, one of the most contentious and critical issues that has not been resolved is the type and nature of the test medium to be spiked. In order to expand the scope beyond assessment of test precision to include interlaboratory comparisons and performance evaluation, it was decided that a formulated or artificial sediment option would be recommended as an alternativemore » to field-collected sediments.« less


It gives perturbative force model which is adopted by orbit fitting and orbit prediction at length and dicusses the process of orbit fitting and orbit prediction.First,high precise osculating orbit parameters is attained by fitting orbit;then,it extrapolates the 7-days orbit;at last compares the 7-days orbit with the IGS final orbit in order to get the precision of orbit prediction of GPS satellites.For every satellite,the error of along track direction is distinct,but the error of radial and out of plane direction are not distinct;the precision of orbit prediction of eclipsing satellites is much lower than the common satellites;the error of orbit prediction of eclipsing satellites is especially large.


This article discussed the feasibility of reconstructing the mass and one-dimensional velocity distribution function of dark matter by using the recoiled energy data from the two Chinese dark matter direct detection experiments CDEX and PandaX,as well as the relevant on-line data analysis system AMIDAS.The results show that the mass of dark matter can be well reconstructed by the AMIDAS,once it is lighter than about 175GeV.


Managed pressure drilling is a sophisticated pressure control method which is intended to meet increasingly high demands in drilling operations in the oil and gas industry. With this method, the w ...


In several domains like geometry and music, a classic kind of discrete pattern comes from similar systems, where the elements of the set are connected in a specific structure. Types of the similarity feature are symmetry with respect to the axis or to the origin, rotation, translation, and scaling. A special group of structure types with similarity character in different natural and artificial systems are fractals. They are set of objects that look similar on different scales. A musical fractal is a piece where the theme harmonizes with a slow down version of itself, that way the small-scale structure of the piece is repeated at a larger scale. Human matter of taste prefers fractal structure in music and is tight sensible to the similarity alteration. This phenomenon is used to evaluate the operating performance of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). We present a new method of sensing the WSN behavior based on cognitive generation mechanism of a musical sound signal and we give special features of this algorithm.