0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 1 / $ 1 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 1 I E E E W hat do these modern, buzzword software methods have in common: eXtreme Programming, Crystal, lean programming, scrum, feature-driven development, adaptive software development, "good enough" software, personal software process/team software process, Rational Unified Process, rapid development, code complete, ...? They all offer something in exchange for a change in work habits, and sometimes in exchange for a "culture" change, too. An important reason organizations do not adopt such methods—that is, do not use them in daily software development—is that what the methods offer is not as important (read "cost-effective") as staying with the status quo. This has nothing to do with inertia or resistance to change. Put more strongly, what these methods offer is irrelevant. Put more diplomatically, what they offer is not strategic for the enterprise. All the buzzword methods offer to reduce cost or effort, duration or time to market, or defects, and most offer to reduce all of these. How can we object? Don't we all agree that those reductions are desirable, even necessary, especially considering our profession's sorry state? My perspective comes from two disparate directions: I have read nearly everything on adopting process innovations, and I have seen adoption succeed and fail in many software development organizations. What explains the difference between success and failure? The standard answers are about upper-management commitment and sponsorship, the ability or persuasiveness of change agents, the divisibility of the innovation, how disruptive the innovation is, and whether the change is planned and managed. All those are important, but I have seen something that is more powerful and more dominant: alignment with strategy. When the method is aligned with the organization's strategy, the adoption is much more often successful.


The investigation of vertical transport in semiconductor heterojunction systems has recently undergone a renaissance due to improved epitaxial techniques in a number of material systems. By usin resonant tunneling, we can perform electronic spectroscopy not only o f the double barrier structure itself, but of any system (with quantized well states) suitably coupled to a resonant tunneling spectrometer. In designing such systems, an important degree of freedom is introduced by utilizing multi-component structures; for example, a GaAs contact AlGaAs barrier InGaAs quantum well. In this structure, the high electron affinity of the quantum well creates a "deep"quantum well, in which we demonstrate that quantum well states can be hidden from transport. Finally, we present results from microfabricated quantum well structures ("quantum dots") which are sufficiently small in the lateral dimension to introduce size effects. Telegraph noise due to the lateral size of these structures has been observed, and the first indications of lateral quantization in all three dimensions in a semiconductor quantum well are presented.


Introduction Sport can be viewed as one of the most successful export products of the Old World. Over the past 500 years, western civilization has exported numerous social, cultural, political, and economic institutions to the rest of the world, often assisted by military force or enforced by economic power. The hegemonic position of the West framed the processes by which its own locally grown cultural institutions turned into apparently universal principles. Worldwide, states and people have largely consented to the framework of the nation state and its associated principles of parliamentarianism, egalitarianism, market capitalism and the like. Yet in terms of spread, compliance and acceptance, hardly any institution has proved to be more successful, pervasive, and persistent than sport. While democracy, free entrepreneurship, equal employment opportunities, and even human rights are often highly contested and the subject of severe dispute, there seems to be almost unanimous consent to the veneration of physical prowess on the playing fields and the excitement generated by sportive games and contests. No matter what cultural belief and value systems give order and meaning to a particular society, people everywhere are highly likely to approve of the aesthetics of the sporting body, the narratives of symbolic competition, the moral economy of fair play, and the symbolic and often also material value of victory and sporting records. The point I want to make here is that a study on sport in Japan is as much a study of cultural globalization. In order to surmount the shortcomings of undertheorized sport histories and compartmentalized approaches focussing on one sport within one nation, I suggest a comprehensive approach towards sport as a distinctive cultural sphere at the intersection of body culture, political economy, and cultural globalization. This contribution, which summarizes the introduction to my study of Sport and Body Politics in Japan (Manzenreiter 2014), argues that dynamics of globalization are influencing body cultures in Japan – as elsewhere around the world – and that the driving force behind this transformation is rooted in political economy.


Diel regulation of protein levels and protein modification had been less studied than transcript rhythms. Here, we compare transcriptome data under light-dark cycles to partial proteome and phosphoproteome data, assayed using shotgun mass-spectrometry, from the alga Ostreococcus tauri, the smallest free-living eukaryote. 10% of quantified proteins but two-thirds of phosphoproteins were rhythmic. Mathematical modelling showed that light-stimulated protein synthesis can account for the observed clustering of protein peaks in the daytime. Prompted by night-peaking and apparently dark-stable proteins, we also tested cultures under prolonged darkness, where the proteome changed less than under the diel cycle. The dark-stable, prasinophyte-specific proteins were also reported to accumulate when O. tauri formed lipid droplets. In the phosphoproteome, 39% of rhythmic phospho-sites reached peak levels just before dawn. This anticipatory phosphorylation suggests that a clock-regulated phospho-dawn prepares green cells for daytime functions. Acid-directed and proline-directed protein phosphorylation sites were regulated in antiphase, implicating the clock-related, casein kinases 1 and 2 in phase-specific regulation, alternating with the CMGC protein kinase family. Understanding the dynamic phosphoprotein network should be facilitated by the minimal kinome and proteome of O. tauri. The data are available from ProteomeXchange, with identifiers PXD001734, PXD001735 and PXD002909. This submission updates a previous version, posted on bioRxiv on 4th April 2018, as https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/287862v1 Highlight The phosphorylation of most protein sites was rhythmic under light-dark cycles, and suggested circadian control by particular kinases. Day-peaking, rhythmic proteins likely reflect light-stimulated protein synthesis in this microalga.


In this risk world with disasters and volatilities uninterruptedly going on,the disaster diplomacy as a new diplomatic instrument has greatly galvanized the diplomatic theories and practices,transformed people's perception of the traditional national security and power of nations and posed a challenge to a nation's diplomacy in terms of information and research ability,crisis management and diplomatic response.Chinese disaster diplomacy is yet in its initial stage and confronting many difficulties mainly stemming from the issues that the interest of national security is threatened,diplomatic system has yet to be improved,lack of methodologies and lack of communication.China should expand diplomatic instrument,make systematic innovations,expand diplomatic space and shape a good national image.


Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen on radiation-induced acute injury in rat brain.Methods Forty-five mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:saline therapy group,hydrogen therapy group and healthy control group.The whole brain of SD rat was irradiated with single dose of 20 Gy by 4 MeV electrons.Rats in therapy group were injected with hydrogen-rich saline after irradiation and were sacrificed at 1,3,7,14 d post-irradiation.The changes of malonaldehyde (MDA),superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and 8-hydroxydeoxygunosine (8-OHdG) in brain homogenate and the pathological changes in brain hippocampus were observed.Results The brain water content (t=3.78,3.18,P<0.05) and the contents of 8-OHdG (t=2.33,2.71,2.33,P<0.05) in the therapy group was lower than the control group at 7 d and 14 d post-irradiation.The contents of SOD were significantly higher(t =2.41-2.92,P < 0.05) from 1 to 7 day,while the contents of MDA were significantly lower in therapy group than those in the control group from 1 to 14 day post-irradiation (t =4.01-6.20,P < 0.05).Moreover,the damage degree in the nerve cells of hippocampus was less compared to the control group.Conclusions The hydrogen-rich saline could have protection role in irradiation-induced acute brain injury in rats.

Key words:
Hydrogen; Irradiation; Protection; Brain injury; Free radical


Abstract: Affordable housing refers to housing that some people in the community can afford with a lower than averagee family income. Affordable Housing is an immediate way to achieve the goal of housing for all under the leadership of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana. Modern Mivan technology is used to construct buildings quickly, while project management software such as Pri mavera is used to create a plan of events during construction. Large estates have many buildings.Primavera is a tool for underst anding project planning and tracking construction progress. The study also pointed out that the cost of constructing a monolithi c building using the Mivan method is higher due to the higher cost of aluminum formwork; therefore using more than 150 form work systems will make construction faster and cheaper than traditional methods. Similarly, the traditional method requires 88% more workers than the Mivan method due to the long time taken.


"The present report is concerned primarily with aviation psychology. The major portions of the paper deal with selection and classification, which was the chief activity of German Air Forces psychologists. However, a short review of the development of German military psychology is given by way of introduction and a section is included on various other military and non-military activities of psychologists during the war." 25-item bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Intrinsically conducting polymers belong to a class of organic polymers with intriguing electronic and physical properties specifically for electro-optical applications. Significant interest into doped polyaniline (PAni) can be attributed to its high conductivity and environmental stability. Poor dissolution in most solvents has thus far hindered the successful integration of PAni into commercial applications, which in turn, has led to the investigations of various deposition and acidic doping methods. Physical vapor deposition methods, including D.C. magnetron sputtering and vacuum thermal evaporation, have shown exceptional control over physical film properties (thickness and morphology). However, resulting films are less conductive than films deposited by conventional methods (i.e., spin and drop casting) due to interruption of the hyperconjugation of polymer chains. Specifically, vacuum thermal evaporation requires a postdoping process, which results in incorporation of impurities and oxidation of sur...


Slides and other materials from Mark Cyzyk's presentation, "Introducing Calibre and Sigil: Two E-Book Software Packages," at the 2014 joint Maryland Library Association/Delaware Library Association conference in Ocean City, Maryland on May 9, 2014. This includes a copy of Balthasar Gracian's The Art of Worldly Wisdom, formatted by Cyzyk in EPUB and used as an example during the course of the presentation.


Vox Sang 1999;77:192–195 Book Reviews/Press Reviews model. Recipient mice in four groups were transfused with 10 9 splenic leucocytes. Group 1 were control mice which received syngeneic cells; group 2 received untreated allogeneic cells; group 3 γ-irradiated (2,500 cGv) allogeneic cells and group 4 allogeneic cells treated with 150 μmol/l psoralen S-59 and 2.1 J/cm2 UVA. The control mice remained healthy whereas the mice which received untreated allogeneic cells developed clinical and histological lesions of TAGVHD. The mice in the other two groups remained healthy and developed no signs of TA-GVHD. Thus, in addition to inactivating high levels of pathogenic viruses and bacteria, photochemical treatment is also an alternative to γ-irradiation for the prevention of TA-GVHD. Moreover, since it inactivates leucocytes, it probably also prevents alloimmunization against HLA class 1 antigens.


AIM:To compare the sensitivity and specifi city of two imaging techniques,endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. And we compared EUS and MRI data with histological fi ndings from surgical specimens. METHODS:Thirty-nine consecutive patients (51.3% Male; mean age:68.2 ± 8.9 years) with histologically confi rmed distal rectal cancer were examined for stag-ing. All patients underwent EUS and MRI imaging be-fore and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. RESULTS:After neoadjuvant chemoradiation,EUS and MRI correctly classif ied 46% (18/39) and 44% (17/39) of patients,respectively,in line with their histological T stage (P 0.05). These proportions were higher for both techniques when nodal involvement was consid-ered:69% (27/39) and 62% (24/39). When patients were sorted into T and N subgroups,the diagnostic accuracy of EUS was better than MRI for patients withT0-T2 (44% vs 33%,P 0.05) and N0 disease (87% vs 52%,P = 0.013). However,MRI was more accurate than EUS in T and N staging for patients with more ad-vanced disease after radiotherapy,though these differ-ences did not reach statistical signif icance. CONCLUSION:EUS and MRI are accurate imaging techniques for staging rectal cancer. However,after neoadjuvant RT-CT,the role of both methods in the as-sessment of residual rectal tumors remains uncertain.


Confirming a thorough dissection of the frontal sinus during endoscopic sinus surgery can be challenging, and some surgeons would benefit from reliable topographic landmark identification to ensure completion of this sinus dissection. We defined (1) the "horizon sign" as the curvilinear shadow of the posterior table cast superiorly upon the anterior table of the frontal sinus at the acute angle of their meeting point and (2) the "frontal bar" as a sagittal septation at the union of the anterior/posterior tables. A cadaveric study, followed by an intraoperative consecutive case series, was performed to evaluate these 2 landmarks as indicators of complete dissection. The horizon sign was extremely reliable, identified in 100% of cadaveric frontal sinuses and intraoperative frontal sinuses. The frontal bar was present in only 67% of frontal sinuses by computed tomography. In live patients, the sensitivity and specificity of the frontal bar were 62% and 95%, respectively.


This paper investigates the role of taste in choice based studies . The literature review examines a number of studies which explore the role of taste. A two tier system is proposed which combines simple hedonic sensory studies with an original 'Discrete Choice Experiment' which includes extrinsic factors and taste-related intrinsic factors. Results from research on the Hong Kong wine market are presented and discussed. The hedonic results show that in Hong Kong, sweeter wine styles are preferred over other wine styles. Findings of the 'Discrete Choice Experiment' showed that including 'sweet' or 'semi-sweet' on wine labels increases the likelihood of selection for a wine. Results indicate that consumers in Hong Kong do have a preference for certain wine styles and this preference influences their wine choice. Introduction and Literature Review Taste has been described as 'nothing else than molecules causing a firing pattern of taste sensors in the mouth' (Kircher and Leube, 2003, p. 657). However, preliminary focus group sessions conducted by the authors of this paper with Hong Kong university students, have identified taste as the most important factor relating to wine purchasing. A review of the literature shows that taste can play a large role in the purchase decision (Lee and Lou, 1995; Lange et al ., 2002; Enneking, Neumann and Henneberg, 2007). A number of different research methods, including hedonic studies, conjoint analysis and choice based experiments have been used to explore the role of taste in the purchase decision. Hedonic studies are those which require participants to indicate their preference or acceptance in relation to a stimulus. Traditionally, hedonic studies have been used to fine-tune the taste of products in food and beverage categories (Brickman and D'Amato, 1975; Solheim and Lawless, 1996; Levy and Koster, 1999). The literature shows that hedonic studies have a low repeatability and this is an accepted limitation of the technique (Levy and Koster, 1999; Solheim and Lawless, 1996; Stefani, Romano and Cavicchi 2006; Bartoshuk et al., 1982). Traditionally, hedonic studies have focused on the intrinsic merits of goods. However, when consumers purchase goods, they rely on intrinsic and extrinsic purchase cues (Monroe and Krishnan, 1985). Intrinsic cues relate to the physical attributes of the product. In relation to wine, intrinsic cues refer to the nature of the wine, for example, the level of oak (Lockshin and Rhodus, 1993). Extrinsic cues are "product related but not part of the physical product itself such as brand name, price and country or origin" (Lee and Lou, 1995, p. 22). To properly understand consumer purchase behaviour, the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors must be investigated (Lee and Lou, 1995). Conjoint analysis is a technique which estimates the structure of a consumer's preferences by inviting them to evaluate different sets of alternative attributes (purchase cues) (Green and Srinivasan, 1990; S olheim and Lawless 1996; Sanchez and Gil, 1998). Conjoint analysis


ABSTRACT During the operation of supercritical CO (sCO ) turbomachineries, large pressure ratios, supersonic conditions and non-ideal gas fluid dynamic phenomenon may happen, which will decrease the whole cycle efficiencies. Hence non-standard designs for the turbomachineries geometry are needed. Successfully simulations in capturing non-ideal gas fluid dynamics and coupled with optimization algorithm are hard and currently not available in any commercial CFD software. Therefore, the problem of optimizing sCO turbomachinery is difficult to solve, which has become a major obstacle to obtain compact and high-efficiency sCO turbomachineries. In this study, a modularized geometry optimizer is developed to obtain the non-standard geometric designs for sCO turbomachineries. Multiple techniques are applied to this optimizer, include the Nelder–Mead algorithm, Mahalanobis distance and stochastic algorithm. The newly developed optimizer can successfully find the optimum satisfying the objective function under given weighting factors. The computational cost can be reduced through a stochastic algorithm. To validate the optimizer, a convergent–divergent nozzle for air with a target Mach number equal to 2.4 is optimized. Different starting points and combinations of weighting factors are used to create a Pareto front. Adjust the weighting factors for different terms of the objective function leading the optimizer to go to different directions in n-dimensional spaces. Three optimized cases, one is Mach number optimized, one is outlet flow uniformity optimized and the other is compromised case, are picked out and analyzed. The results show that the optimizer can successfully find optimized geometry than the reference case and potentially save computational cost. Due to the modularized characteristics, the components of this optimizer can be replaced with any available techniques, which mean the optimizer can be applied to solve different types of optimization problems.


The presenter will report on writing projects in Korean classes at the University of Kansas and the Defense Language Institute. The effectiveness of the projects was assessed through administering student questionnaires. The writing samples were then analyzed by writing types. It was found that students improve their writing skills through creative and expressive writing. The final booklet produced through the writing project includes not only writings and but also images, such as cover design, comics, drawings, and pictures.


PURPOSE: A humanoid pitching machine is provided to embody a pitching pattern and a pitching posture of a specific pitcher, thereby callable of improving effect of hitting train. CONSTITUTION: A humanoid pitching machine comprises a multi-axis robot arm(10), a holder part(20), and a controller(30). The holder part is attached to the end part of the multi-axis robot arm. The holder part can grasp a base ball. The controller communicates with the multi-axis robot arm. The controller swings the multi-axis robot arm, and communicates with the holder part. The controller controls the holder part to grasp of to release the base ball. The controllers control the throwing of the base mall along a swing trace of a swing moment of the multi-axis robot arm.


We present a process for validating temporal safety properties of software that uses a well-defined interface. The process requires only that the user state the property of interest. It then automatically creates abstractions of C code using iterative refinement, based on the given property. The process is realized in the SLAM toolkit, which consists of a model checker, predicate abstraction tool and predicate discovery tool. We have applied the SLAM toolkit to a number of Windows NT device drivers to validate critical safety properties such as correct locking behavior. We have found that the process converges on a set of predicates powerful enough to validate properties in just a few iterations.


In an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network, call admission control decides whether or not to accept a new call, so as to ensure the service quality of both individual existing calls and of the new call itself. The measure of service quality used for the call admission control considered here is virtual cell loss probability, PV. PV may be formulated simply from the maximum and the average cell rates alone, and it provides a good estimate of cell loss probability without respect to the burst lengths. PV computational complexity increases rapidly with an increase either in the number of call types, K, or in the number of existing calls of individual call types; and for this reason, the author proposes a method for calculating a PV approximation on the upper side, with the aim of achieving real-time call admission control. Its complexity of computation is a linear order of K. Also proposed is a call admission algorithm which utilizes this approximation method and for which, in some cases, the computational complexity is independent of K.<<ETX>>


An investigation is made of the differential equation d2w/dx2 = (u2(x x0)kf(u,x) + g(u,x)/(x xo)'}w, in which u is a large real (or complex) parameter, A is a real constant such that A > -2, x is a real (or complex) variable, and f(u, x) and g(u, x) are continuous (or analytic) functions of x in a real interval (or complex domain) containing x0. The interval (or domain) need not be bounded. Previous results of Langer and RiekstiIi; giving approximate solutions in terms of Bessel functions of order l/(X + 2) are extended and error bounds supplied.


With the rapid development of market economy and the constant progress of the society,many problems appear in the development process of Chinese public broadcasting. The key one is the identity crisis of public broadcasting in China. Public broadcasting has always been changing its identity when playing with national policy,market rule and broadcasting technology,resulting in failing to adapt to the environment and stick to its nonprofit publicity. In order to get out of the dilemma, a set of strategies must be implemented, including theory constructing, national policy reform and broadcasting technology convergence.


Panicles of rice were cultured in a shaking liquid medium, and calli were obtained from individual anthers leading to the formation of a cell suspension. Transplantation of calli onto a regeneration medium after separating them according to their size revealed that the small calli induced many green spots and two green plantlets. The application of this technique may enable to avoid the laborious procedure involved in excised anther culture. The cell suspension in the AA medium, that contained amino acids as the sole nitrogen source, was finely dispersed and contained small cell aggregates that readily released a large number of protoplasts.


A new approach for image de-noising is developed in this paper. It is based on bivariate spline functions. By choosing a local region from a de-noised image by using any current method, one can further reduce the remaining noises by minimizing the surface area of fitting spline functions. The existence, uniqueness and stability of the minimal surface area splines are studied and an iterative algorithm to compute the fitting splines of minimal surface area is derived. The convergence of the iterative solutions will be established. In addition, the fitting splines of minimal surface area are convergent as the size of triangulation goes to zero in theory. Finally, a couple of numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach.


OBJECTIVE: To quantify intrapartum hemorrhage and serum creatinine (Cr) postpartum concentration to calculate its correlation and determine the frequency of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing caesarean section. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out in women who ended their pregnancy by caesarean section between January 1 and December 31, 2019 at the Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics 3 of the IMSS. The clinical records were consulted to calculate the amount of intrapartum hemorrhage and the value of Cr to determine its correlation and the frequency of acute kidney injury (postpartum Cr >1 mg/dL). Statistical analysis: descriptive statistics, Student's T test and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: The mean age was 32.44 ± 7.11 years with gestational age 32.55 ± 4.18 weeks, intrapartum hemorrhage 558.11 ± 570.62 mL and postpartum Cr 0.77 ± 0.21 mg/dL. The correlation of intrapartum hemorrhage vs postpartum Cr was r = 0.158 and obstetric hemorrhage (> 1,000 mL) vs postpartum Cr r = 0.390. The frequency of AKI was 14.03% (16 cases) and dialysis requirements 2.42% (3 cases). CONCLUSIONS: The amount of intrapartum hemorrhage was acceptable with low frequency of obstetric hemorrhage. Postpartum Cr increased significantly. correla-partum hemorrhage vs postpartum Cr correlation was positive which increased its significance as the amount of bleeding increased. Low percentage of acute kidney injury and dialysis requirements was found.


PurposeThis paper reviews literature on interim leadership and management through the lens of effective interim performance. The purpose of this review is to advance understanding of interim assignment performance and the antecedent individual psychological characteristics of effective interim leaders and managers, to improve the practice of managing interim leaders from a human resources (HR) perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports a targeted review of the literature on interim leadership and management.FindingsThe main proposition from this review is that the influence of individual factors on interim performance operates within the stages and contexts of assignments. Accordingly, the authors propose a framework of the demands on interim assignments (the interim assignment cycle), comprising stages of preparation, entry, delivery and exit. The paper subsequently reviews evidence of the potential individual characteristics (focussing on individual differences in personality, leadership approach, motivation and competencies) of effective preparation and entry to an assignment, actions and performance during an assignment and exit/disengagement.Practical implicationsThe findings of the review have implications for the selection and placement of interims into organizations and their management once appointed.Originality/valueThe main original contribution of the paper is to provide a framework around which interim assignments can be modelled and better understood. The paper discusses implications for future research, theory and human resource management practice and calls for a renewed research effort in this critical area of management and leadership.


Objective To investigate the immune cell profiling and their longitudinal changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We employed mass cytometry with three different 38-39 marker panels (Immunophenotyping, T cell/monocyte, and B cell) in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from nine patients with early SLE, 15 patients with established SLE, and 14 non-inflammatory controls. We used machine learning-driven clustering, FlowSOM (Flow Self-Organizing Maps) and dimensional reduction with tSNE (t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) to identify unique cell populations in early and established SLE. For the nine early SLE patients, longitudinal mass cytometry analysis was applied to PBMCs at three time points (at enrollment, six months post-enrollment, and one year post-enrollment). Serum samples were also assayed for 65 cytokines by Luminex multiplex assay, and associations between cell types and cytokines/chemokines assessed. Results T peripheral helper cells (Tph cells), T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells) and several Ki67+ proliferating subsets (ICOS+ Ki67+ CD8 T cells, Ki67+ regulatory T cells, CD19int Ki67hi plasmablasts, and Ki67hi PU.1hi monocytes) were increased in early SLE. Longitudinal mass cytometry and multiplex serum cytokine assays of samples from early SLE patients revealed that Tfh cells and CXCL10 decreased at one year post-enrollment. CXCL13 correlated positively with several of the expanded cell populations in early SLE. Conclusions Two major helper T cell subsets and unique Ki67+ proliferating immune cell subsets were expanded in the early phase of SLE, and the immunologic features characteristic of early SLE evolved over time.


: Existing aerospace engineering systems are characterized by their complexity, gigantic size, high risk, openness, and tight coupling of technology and management, all of which can be considered as aerospace complex giant system engineering. To ensure the completion of project development, technological breakthroughs, and scientific problem-solving, it is necessary to adapt to the characteristics of aerospace complex giant systems and build a suitable management system. Based on the management practices of the Long March V development, a complex aerospace giant system model is constructed, and the definition of aerospace ecology is proposed. A management system model for a complex aerospace giant system project is developed, the implication of its four-layer management system is explained, and the dynamic characteristics of "management" are analyzed. It is proposed that delicacy management of the process is crucial to the construction and implementation of the management system. It has the advantage of enriching aerospace management theory and improving the management capabilities of major aerospace missions.


The purpose of this essay is to analyse the Swedish Domestic Work Act (1970:943) from two perspectives; one legal historical and one gender perspective.

The latest so-called legostadga from 1833 worked more as legislation for population policy than for labour regulations. In order to avoid putting pressure on society, it forced all citizens who were of age and unable to support themselves to work as domestic servants, which created a strong subordination between the employer and the employee. The debate changed with the success of the labour movement, and protective legislation for industrial workers was created. However, domestic workers were exempt from the legislation, which had the effect that the area was left unregulated. The Domestic Work Act of 1944 was created as an attempt to remedy the servant crisis that came as a result of young women starting to work in the industry instead, where they could find better working conditions and higher wages.

The Domestic Work Act of 1970 was in large a compromise between the goal of equal treatment for the employees and the need for childcare for the households where both parents were working professionally. This compromise meant that domestic workers were exempt from the other labour regulations regarding some aspects. These include, but are not limited to, termination of contracts, supervision and working hours. This situation for domestic workers is further intensified by the lack of trade unions. This deficiency has led to the workers having to make sure that their rights are being asserted on their own, without the support of a strong union.

The current regulations are both an expression and a consequence of the Swedish gender order. Paid work on the official labour market is the male norm, and the gender coding on the Swedish labour market means that the closer to the private household a profession gets, the more female it is perceived. This has the effect that the profession gets a low status on the labour market, and the workers are marginalised. The Domestic Work Act expresses the principle of separation: what is seen as male and female is separated on the labour market through special legislation. The law in itself also helps maintain the idea that domestic work has a lower status; by separating the domestic workers from the remaining workforce, an impression is created that leads to domestic work being valued less, and it keeps being difficult for the workers to assert their rights.


Memory is one of the most fascinating and complex faculties of human beings. Thanks to numerous studies in the neuroscientific field, today we are aware that when we try to remember the past, we do not entirely repeat an event like a movie, infact, the tendency of memory is to change, deform or fade its contents, with the time and with the accumulation of new experiences, to the point of completely forgetting. The aim to this study is to represent the elements of the process of remembering paying attention also to oblivion. It has been been shown that the substrate of memory is at least partially localized in the brain, in certain areas of the brain, but none of the mechanisms highlighted can work in isolation. So, the aim of this papers is to understand how to study the faculty of memory in the light of new neuroscientific discoveries and beyond.


The fabrication of a novel surface acoustic wave (SAW) convolver using a multichannel waveguide is described. The device is based on a nonlinear interaction of two SAWs which propagate on the same waveguide but in opposite directions. The convolution signal propagates in a direction perpendicular to the waveguide and is picked up by an interdigital transducer, making it easy to match to the output circuit without using a matching circuit.<<ETX>>


The purpose of this experiment was to verify if feed "bulk density" would be a good indication of chemical components of feeds such as 40% crude protein cotton (C) and soybean (S) meals and rice bran (RB). The bromatological analysis as carried out at the central laboratory of Purina Nutrimentos Ltda., located at in Paulinia, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Samples of feed came from different locations of the country. Increasing proportions - zero, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100% - of hulls were added to C, S and RB, as treatments, in a randomised experimental design. The addition of hulls influenced significantly (P 70 and 80% respectively), but there was no correlation to any component of RB. Bulk density could also indicate fraudulence due to the addition of hulls to meals.


Natural resources especially plants are useful bactericides for the control of bacterial infection .To evaluate the antibacterial potential of three types of plants, essential oils were extracted from the seeds of Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum  and assayed in vitro for antibacterial activity aganist  most prevalent pathogens  Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.,Escherishia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa  at 37 º C and 25 ºC.The antimicrobial effect was assessed using agar diffusion method by applying ethanolic solutions of extracts using it in two different temperatures  37 ºC   and 25 ºC. The result shows that the extract of  Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum alcoholic extract at 25 ºC exhibited an inhibition zone on S. aureus in the concentration 200 mg/ml and had a exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that produced by gentamicine,also the extract of Apium gravelens at 25 ºC    in the concentration 100 mg/ml had a significant antibacterial activity on S. aureus, and the extract of  Apium gravelens alcoholic extract at 25 ºC  and 37 ºC  pronounced antibacterial activity against  Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the concentration 100 and 200 mg/ml respectively moreover the inhibition produced by gentamicine. While the antibacterial effect Apium gravelens and  Coriandrum sativum at 37 ºC  on S. aureus in the concentration 200 mg/ml show very similar effect with gentamicine. The antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp.and E. coli were moderate in action    It was found that the investigated extracts of Apium gravelens , Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum  were exhibited a considerable inhibitory effect against S. aureus and extracts of Apium gravelens and Coriandrum sativum against P. aerogene. The significant antibacterial activity appears promising.


Objective
To study the influence of the optimized pre-hospital emergency transfer system on the safety, success rate and prognosis of pediatric patients.

Methods
A clinical data analysis was made of 1 015 cases of critically ill children delivered with the not-optimized pre-hospital emergency transfer system as group Ⅰ(Jan.2007-Dec.2009) and those of 1 431 with the optimized pre-hospital emergency transfer system as group Ⅱ(Jun.2010-Dec.2012). The preparation time for dispatch, critical illness scores before and after transport, transfer success rates and outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results
Before transfer, the critical illness score for group Ⅰ was 81.73±18.11, for group Ⅱ 78.45±20.96, with groupⅡ being more critical(t=4.154, P<0.001) and needing respirator supporting and more vasoactive agents(50.5%vs.30.2%; 60.8% vs.51.6%; P<0.01). The dispatch delay for group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were(19.34±6.45)min and (16.19±5.89)min, respectively, actual time out for group Ⅱ was shorter than that for group Ⅰ(P<0.001). The critical illness scores on arrival of ward were 83.01±16.73 in group Ⅰ, 83.97±17.50 in group Ⅱ, the score for group Ⅱ being more improved than that for group Ⅰ(P<0.05). The transfer success rates, cure and improvement rates were higher in group Ⅱ compared with group Ⅰ(97.6% vs.94.8%; 94.5% vs.91.0%; P<0.01).

Conclusion
The application of the optimized pre-hospital emergency care system can improve the transfer efficiency and success rate, safety and treatment effect, reduce the mortality rate of pediatric patients.

Key words:
Critical illness; Children; Pre-hospital emergency; Transportation; Safety


Abstract We provide an assessment of the role of economic theory in orienting Italy's banking legislation over eight decades. From the unification of the country (1861) to the introduction of the 1936 Banking Act, five regulatory regimes are mapped out. Whilst market discipline and self-regulation arguments characterized the first sub-period (1861-1892), the first biting issuing-bank regulation, which inaugurated the second regime (1893-1906), was a political compromise that ignored economists' requests of a return to convertibility. The third sub-period (1907-1925) was punctuated by two banking crises: the first (1907) vindicated economists who had stressed the need of a LLR, but did not lead to any crisis-prevention regulation; the second (1921-23) confirmed – to no avail – the dangers congenital to bank-industry ties, pinpointed by some members of the profession. The following sub-period (1926-1930) was inaugurated by the first commercial bank regulation (1926) and responded to the economists' call for restricting bank competition. The 1936 regulation, which marked the onset of the approximately five-decade long fifth regime, matured in a vacuum of economic debate.Financial crises were an important trigger in all the discussed regulatory episodes to which many players, amongst which economists, contributed with varying weights and roles according to the circumstances. Players' public and private motivations towards regulation were relevant drivers. The existing political regime is not found to have been a discriminating factor in determining the influence economic theory had on bank legislation. More important was instead the degree of authority and legitimacy that economists as a professional category displayed at the time of reforming the regulation. Finally, the desirability of economic theory actually percolating into banking laws is discussed, although the historical evidence on the matter is not clear-cut.


According to conventional wisdom, Canada signed two free trade agreements with the United States, largely to 'guarantee access' to the United States market. Central to this guarantee is the dispute resolution mechanism which was enshrined in the original Free Trade Agreement (FrA) during the final hours of its negotiation. Essential to the mechanism is the notion that objectivity and fairness must underlie its operation if each member is to adhere to its judgments. In a sense, the entire weight of the free trade agreements turns on the effectiveness of the dispute resolution process. It is here that the softwood lumber case is key. Although more than 8o cases have come before the binational dispute panels,


A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is used to examine fully submerged three-dimensional thrust bearings, including the effects of fluid inertia in both the thin film clearance and the groove. Making use of the advantage of the CFD technique, the present paper focuses on the optimum design of thrust bearings in terms of film ratio and fore-region volume size, given the bearing geometry. In contrast to the traditional lubrication analysis where inlet and outlet conditions were assumed to be known (ambient in most cases), the present investigation uses the so-called "spatial" periodic condition which is a more realistic approach to a practical situation. Load capacity and drag on the runner are obtained and compared among solutions of different bearing models. It is found that the flow within the groove significantly affects the load generated in the thin film clearance. Its effect on the drag developed in the film clearance is marginal. As the film ratio increases, the drag on the runner monoton...


The carrier dynamics and the collective properties of a photogenerated quasi-two-dimensional electron gas in an asymmetric undoped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) structure are investigated using an all-optical interband pump?intersubband probe absorption experiment. At a carrier density of 1 ? 1012 cm?2 per QW, an e1?e2 absorption band at 126 meV is found. Transient resonance frequency blueshifts with respect to the single-particle resonance as well as a transient spectral band narrowing are observed. At the carrier density 1 ? 1013 cm?2 per QW, the e2?e3 absorption band at 99 meV with a spectral width of 5 meV is measured. This band is blueshifted by 30 meV through collective effects and broadened at an excitation density of 3 ? 1013 cm?2 per QW.


The history of the rime system of West-Sichuan dialects is elaborated from Wei and Jin Dynasty to Sui and Tang Dynasty by the way of researches on the rhymes in poems.This elaboration and analysis helps not only find out the development and changes of dialects' phonetics but also show the change traces of Chinese.This is a good reference for the study on the general phonetic theory and diachronic linguistics.


A modified local composition (LC) expression is suggested, which accounts for the recent finding that the LC in an ideal binary mixture should be equal to the bulk composition only when the molar v...


A wrapper for cigarettes comprising: a group of packages (10) having a longitudinal axis, including said group package (10) a plurality of cigarette packs (CP), and wrapping material sheet type (12) wrapping said group of packets (10), wherein: said wrapping material (12) includes a perforated line (22) extending along the longitudinal axis of said group of packets (10); the perforated line (22) has perforations (26) spaced along the longitudinal axis and intermediate portions (24) between the perforations (26); and when the total of the lengths of each of the perforations (26) and each of the intermediate portions (24) along the longitudinal axis is expressed as a perforation pitch (P), the perforated line (22) is provided at a portion thereof, also a fragile area lower than another portion with respect to the ratio of the intermediate portion (24) and the perforation pitch (P), it characterized in that the fragile area is arranged in the center (C) of the perforated line (22) as seen in a direction of the longitudinal axis, the perforated line (22) is provided on both sides of the fragile area with a plurality of areas, of which the proportions connection sequentially increase with increasing distance from the fragile area, said wrapping material (12) further includes a mark (M) indicating the fragile area, and the mark (M) surrounds the fragile area.


A microfabrication process is described that provides for the batch realization of miniature rare earth based permanent magnets. Prismatic geometry with features as small as 5 microns, thicknesses up through several hundred microns and with submicron tolerances may be accommodated. The processing is based on a molding technique using deep x-ray lithography as a means to generate high aspect-ratio precision molds from PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate) used as an x-ray photoresist. Subsequent molding of rare-earth permanent magnet (REPM) powder combined with a thermosetting plastic binder may take place directly in the PMMA mold. Further approaches generate an alumina form replicated from the PMMA mold that becomes an intermediate mold for pressing higher density REPM material and allows for higher process temperatures. Maximum energy products of 3--8 MGOe (Mega Gauss Oersted, 1 MGOe = 100/4{pi} kJ/m{sup 3}) are obtained for bonded isotropic forms of REPM with dimensions on the scale of 100 microns and up to 23 MGOe for more dense anisotropic REPM material using higher temperature processing. The utility of miniature precision REPMs is revealed by the demonstration of a miniature multipole brushless DC motor that possesses a pole-anisotropic rotor with dimensions that would otherwise prohibit multipole magnetization using a multipole magnetizing fixture at this scale. Subsequent multipole assembly also leads to miniaturized Halbach arrays, efficient magnetic microactuators, and mechanical spring-like elements which can offset miniaturized mechanical scaling behavior.


The conversion of number system is quite foundationtal and important in computer Science.The speed of The conversion of number system by means of the assembly language is very fast,but it needs a lot of instructions.Thus,the paper introduces the look-up list,which is reliable,effective and simple in instructions.


This paper provides a scheme to improve the read efficiency of anti-collision algorithm in EPCglobal UHF Class-1 Generation-2 RFID standard. In this standard, dynamic frame slotted ALOHA is specified to solve the anti-collision problem. Also, the Q-algorithm with a key parameter C is adopted to dynamically adjust the frame sizes. In the paper, we split the C parameter into two parameters to increase the read speed and derive the optimal values of the two parameters through simulations. The results indicate our method outperforms the original Q-algorithm. Keywords—RFID, anti-collision, Q algorithm, ALOHA


Purpose To explore the potential active targets and mechanisms of Panax Ginseng in the treatment of sepsis using network pharmacology and RNA-seq technology. Patients and Methods Patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers were collected according to SEPSIS 3.0, and their peripheral blood was used for RNA-seq analysis. The active ingredients and targets of Panax Ginseng were obtained using the TCMSP database, PPI and GO analysis were performed for disease-drug intersection targets. Then, we used Meta-analysis to screen core genes. Finally, single-cell RNA-seq was used to perform cell localization analysis on core genes. Results RNA-seq analysis collected 4521 sepsis-related genes, TCMSP database obtained 86 Panax Ginseng active ingredients and their 294 active targets. PPI and GO analysis showed intersection targets were closely linked, and mainly involved in cellular response to chemical stress, response to drug and molecule of bacterial origin, etc. Then, core targets, IL1B, ALOX5, BCL2 and IL4R, were sorted by Meta-analysis, and all four genes have high expression in the sepsis survivor group compared to the sepsis non-survivor group; single-cell RNA-seq revealed that IL1B was mainly localized in macrophages, ALOX5 was mainly localized in macrophages and B cells, BCL2 was mainly localized in natural killer cells, T cells and B cells, IL4R was widely distributed in immune cells. Finally, according to the correspondence between the active ingredients and targets of Panax Ginseng in TCMSP database, we found that Ginsenoside rh2 regulates the expression of IL1B, Ginsenoside rf regulates the expression of IL1B and IL4R, Kaempferol regulates the expression of ALOX5 and BCL2, and β-sitosterol regulates the expression of BCL2. Conclusion Ginsenoside rh2, Ginsenoside rf, Kaempferol and β-sitosterol may produce anti-sepsis effects by regulating the expression of IL1B, ALOX5, BCL2 and IL4R, thus improving the survival rate of sepsis patients.


The strategies adopted by dyads engaged in decision-making interactions are compared in face-to-face, synchronous computer mediated, and asynchronous computer mediated (email) communication environments. The results show that the decisions required to plan an awards ceremony were encoded in similar, routine sequences of discourse functions in all three modalities, but the sequences were packaged very differently in the synchronous and asynchronous environments. In face-to-face interaction, short turns rarely encoded more than one or two functions and did not combine decisionmaking functions and other discourse management functions in the same turn. Many messages in the synchronous computer-mediated environment had the same structure, although some dyads in the synchronous computer-mediated environment interacted using long messages that encoded several functions and combined decision-making functions with other managerial functions. In the email interactions, in contrast, messages were routinely structured so that decision-making functions were preceded and followed by other discourse management functions. Turn-taking is found to be impacted by decision management, transmission management, interpersonal management, and modality. Moreover, the language behaviors that emerged in the asynchronous environment suggest that many features associated with use of the written word are more appropriately understood as characteristic of asynchronous communication.


FIELD: petrochemical processes and catalysts. SUBSTANCE: new catalyst for (co)polymerization of ethylene and its mixtures with C 3 -C 14 -alpha-olefins consists of reaction product of (i) solid catalytic component consisting of magnesium halide in active form and titanium compound containing at least one Ti-halide bond; (ii) alkylaluminum compound; and (ii) electronodonor compound. Catalyst is distinguished by that electronodonor compound is selected from 1,3-diethers of formula 1 (in description) wherein R and R' are straight-chain or ramified C 1 -C 8 -alkyls or phenyl radical; R"-R V hydrogen atoms; R VI and R VII are C 1 -C 8 -alkyls, compound (iii) being under normal conditions reactive to MgCl 2 and not to AlEt 3 . EFFECT: narrowed distribution of molecular weight in (co)polymers. 12 cl, 2 tbl, 8 ex


A nondestructive technique for estimation of aboveground biomass of blue grama [Boutelouu gracilis (I3.B.K) Griffhhs] was designed for use on small sampling units (<l mr). The technique combines measures of percent basal cover and mean total blade length per tilkr and is recommended for experiments, such as small plot manipulations, that require an accurate and precise sampling method. methods In recent studies involving repeated measures of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) biomass on small (I< m2) plots in the shortgrass steppe (Williamson 1983), several nondestructive herbaceous sampling methods were tried, including visual estimation and height and density measurements (Reppert et al. 1962, 't Mannetje 1976, Tothill 1976). None of these methods possessed the degree of accuracy and precision under a variety of phenological stages and meteorological conditions required for our investigations. Others have used the product of ground cover and sward height to estimate graminoid biomass (Past0 et al. 1957, Evans and Jones 1958); however, methods based on maximum plant height do not provide reliable estimates of blue grama standing crop (Crafts 1938). Pasto et al. (1957) concluded that such methods have limited practicality until some alternative to use of maximum plant height as an indicator of plant standing crop is developed. We therefore developed an alternative, nondestructive method for estimating aboveground standing crop. Based on ground cover and total blade length per tiller, this new method has a high predictive capacity for estimating aerial biomass of blue grama.


Students with language and literacy difficulties face huge barriers accessing the curriculum and often use poor behaviour as a strategy to cover up their problems. Speech and language therapist Jules Clarke advises.


Observed violations of Bell type inequalities exclude all relativistic micro causal ("local"), counterfactual definite ("real") hidden variable models of nature. This further relativization of our concept of reality triggers a growing pseudoscientific resistance against quantum mechanics (QM). I define Didactic Randi Challenges (DRC) via five characteristics. These are challenges which, according to the laws of nature, are impossible to meet. They effectively refute pseudoscientific claims according to which the challenge could easily be met. DRC work by being known to exist while never having been overcome, despite the large rewards which would follow from meeting the challenge. Pseudoscience exploits well meaning engagement in argument to create the appearance of an expert dispute (sowing doubt). DRC decline to discuss "until the challenge is met", without solidifying the perception of establishment conspiracy. This requires transparency, thus DRC are efficient didactic tools. The Quantum Randi Challenge (QRC) is a DRC designed to reject hidden variable models by simply teaching QM; there is no bet or interaction with challengers. The QRC is a computer game that anybody can modify. The present version includes a simulation of true QM behavior that violates Bell 99% of the time, hidden variables that violate the Bell and CHSH inequality with 50% probability, and ones which violate Bell 85% of the time when missing 13% anti-correlation. The DRC challenge is to modify the hidden variables so that the predicted QM behavior arises, including anti-correlation. If such were possible, the presented programs would make it trivial to meet the challenge. This fact and the whole QRC can be taught to a wide audience via the presented heuristics. Demanding anti-correlation is argued to be superior to employing CHSH.


Objective Tissues of around prosthesis contains a lot of inflammatory cytokines in aseptic loosening,osteoblasts are mediated role unclear. This paper investigate different concentrations of Titanium alloy particles (TAPs) on osteoblasts TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6,and further understanding of osteolysis and inflammatory factor between osteoblasts. Methods Osteoblasts were cultured in medium containing different concentrations of TAPs. Experiments were cultured in medium with TAPs,while osteoblasts in groups A,B and C were cultured in medium containing TAPs at 5 mg/ml,10 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml,respectively. Elisa was used to assay effects of inflammatory cytokines after 72 h incubation with TAPs. Results Compared with the control cells,after 72 h-incubation witll TAPs,the TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 of osteoblasts in group A,B or C was significantly increased with comparison of the control cells in control group (P0.05). Conclusion TAPs increased level of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 on osteoblasts,and these inflammatory cytokines stimulated bone resorption by osteoclast. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines regulate osteoblast result in aseptic loosening may be one of the mechanisms.


Rotation of structures fabricated by planar processing into out-of-plane orientations can be used to greatly increase the 3-dimensionality of microstructures. Previously this has been achieved by a self-assembly process based on surface tension in meltable hinges. An important application is in fabricating vertical inductors on silicon, to reduce the substrate coupling and thus increase quality factor and self-resonance frequency. Previous processes have used copper tracks, and Pb-Sn hinges. However, the use of Cu limits potential applications because of oxidation, since the final structure is not embedded. Moreover, a substitute hinge material is also required, as a result of legislative restrictions on Pb use. In this paper, Au is used as an alternative to Cu for the fabrication of self-assembled 3D inductors. A process has been developed to overcome photoresist deterioration problems due to the alkaline nature of Au electro-deposition solutions. Furthermore, pure Sn is used instead of Pb-Sn as the hinge material. A Ni metal layer is introduced between the Au coils and the Sn hinge to prevent inter-diffusion and formation of eutectic Au-Sn compounds. Finally a gold capping technique is proposed to protect the Sn hinge from oxidation during hinge reflow. The fabrication techniques developed here are compatible with post-processing on active CMOS circuits, and can be adopted for other MEMS applications.


The paper deals with a concept of weak detectability for discrete-time infinite Markov jump linear systems, which relates the stochastic convergence of the output with the stochastic convergence of the state and generalizes previous concepts. Certain invariant sets are introduced, which allow us to find a related system that is stochastically detectable if and only if the original system is weakly detectable. This provides the necessary tools to show, via an additional assumption, that the weak detectability concept is invariant with respect to linear state feedback control. As an immediate extension, the result provides that linear state feedback controls are stabilizing whenever the associated cost functional is bounded. In addition, it is shown that the detectability concept assures that the solution of the JLQ is stabilizing and the solution of the associated algebraic Riccati equation is unique and stabilizing, thus retrieving the usual role that detectability concepts play in finite dimensional MJLS and linear deterministic systems. Finally, regarding the assumption, the paper shows that: it is not related to the detectability concept, it always holds for finite dimensional Markov jump linear systems, and it holds under a condition of uniform observability on trajectories associated with non-convergent output.


The influencing factors of urea spray characteristic for SCR system were simulated and calculated with the CFD simulation method.The researched factors mainly included working condition,urea injection pressure,urea solution temperature and nozzle mounting angle.The results show that the spray form is greatly influenced by the exhaust stream.The spray speed and penetrating distance increase with the increase of exhaust flow.The lower the exhaust flow is,the higher the exhaust temperature is(SCR box inlet temperature),and the spray droplet is easer to evaporate and thermally decomposed.The injection pressure has minor influence on droplet spray form,but has great influence on NH3 concentration distribution.The higher the injection pressure is,the lower the NH3 generation efficiency is.The urea solution temperature has minor influence on spray form and NH3 transformation.The increased nozzle mounting angle is helpful for spray droplet evaporation and thermal decomposition.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing time and downfall of umbilical stump of newborn goat kids, from the topical use of phytotherapics-based of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) or babosa (Aloe barbadensis Miller) replacing the commercial iodine. Also it was evaluated the use of different methodologies of phytotherapics application and economic feasibility of using these products. In the experiment I were used 28 neonates Saanen goat kids, seven animals in each treatment, with an average birth weight of 2.69 kg. In the experiment II were used 15 neonates Saanen goat kids with an average birth weight of 2.66 kg. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of: a) control group - umbilical stump treatment with iodine solution 10%; b) group 1 - umbilical stump treatment with aroeira's tincture; and c) Group 2 - umbilical stump treatment with babosa's extract. It was found that the average healing time and downfall of umbilical stump did not differ between animals submitted to the aroeira and babosa treatments (20.8 and 18.6 days), with a daily application for three consecutive days, compared to the control group (20.4 days). The phytotherapics tinctures based on aroeira or babosa can replace the iodine tincture to 10%, demonstrating greater economic viability for using in the healing process and downfall of umbilical stump of goat kids.


Abstract Background The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in 2012, which was modified in 2018 into shared decision making for men aged 55-70 years with a life expectancy over 10 years. We studied the trends in PSA screening in younger Black and White men with the implementation of the 2012 and 2018 guidelines. Methods Younger Black and White men (aged 40-54 years) were identified using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System database biennially from 2012 to 2020. Our primary outcome was PSA screening within 2 years of the survey. An adjusted logistic regression model with 2-way interaction assessment between race and survey year was used to investigate the temporal trend of PSA screening in younger Black and White men. Results A total of 142 892 men were included. We saw steadily decreasing odds of PSA screening among both younger Black and White men in 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 compared with 2012 (for younger Black men: odds ratio [OR]2014 = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 0.96, OR2016 = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.63, OR2018 = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.27 to 0.42, OR2020 = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.32; and for younger White men: OR2014 = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.87, OR2016 = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.71, OR2018 = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.37 to 0.44, OR2020 = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.39). Younger Black men showed a brisker decrease in PSA screening in 2016, 2018, and 2020 compared with younger White men (all P < .05). Conclusions PSA screening among younger men steadily decreased over the past decade since the 2012 United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines, demonstrating a narrowing racial gap. How such an observed trend translates to long-term clinical outcomes for younger Black men remains to be seen.


A case is presented in which the diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma was made by computed tomography (CT)‐guided, fine‐needle aspiration cytology and the examination of a cell block. The tumor was characterized by epithelioid smooth muscle cells, blood vessels and fat in the cytologic material. The cytodiagnosis was further substantiated by positive staining of the epithelioid muscle cells for markers of muscle‐specific actin, HMB45, and trace positivity for vimentin but not with S100 protein, desmin, or cytokeratin. Further studies for the recently described crystalloids were also performed by using the periodic‐acid Schiff stain with and without diastase treatment and electron microscopy on the cytologic material. However, no such crystalloids were found. A preoperative cytologic diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma was considered to be of value due to the difference in management between angiomyolipoma and a renal carcinoma, both of which can present as a renal mass on imaging. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;18:297–300. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Introduction and imaging methods Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the mainstays of cerebral imaging. Skull radiography now plays very little part in diagnosis, being largely replaced by multislice CT. Non- or minimally invasive angiography performed using CT (CT angiography) or MRI (magnetic resonance angiography) has resulted in invasive catheter angiography being reserved for a few special diagnostic indications or as part of an interventional, (therapeutic), procedure. Anatomical detail is far better displayed by MRI than by CT, although both are valuable in clinical practice. With T1-weighted (T1W) MR images, grey matter is of lower signal intensity (darker) than white matter (Fig. 1.1 ). On T2-weighted (T2W) images, including T2-FLAIR sequences, the reverse is true (Fig. 1.2). With CT, somewhat paradoxically, white matter is depicted as darker grey than grey matter (Fig. 1.3 ). The explanation is that CT is an X-ray investigation. White matter contains lipid as part of myelin, which is relatively radiolucent. The appearance of myelinated tracts on MRI is rather more variable and will be inl uenced by the pulse sequence
 used. In perhaps its simplest form, the lipid in subcutaneous fat is typically high signal (white) on both T1 and T2 MR sequences.


The bulk of the quiet solar photosphere is thought to be significantly magnetized, due to the ubiquitous presence of a tangled magnetic field at subresolution scales with an average strength 〈B〉 ∼ 100 G. This conclusion was reached through detailed three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer modeling of the Hanle effect in the Sr i 4607 Å line, using the microturbulent field approximation and assuming that the shape of the probability density function of the magnetic field strength is exponential. Here, we relax both approximations by modeling the observed scattering polarization in terms of the Hanle effect produced by the magnetic field of a 3D photospheric model resulting from a (state-of-the-art) magneto-convection simulation with surface dynamo action. We show that the scattering polarization amplitudes observed in the Sr i 4607 Å line can be explained only after enhancing the magnetic strength of the photospheric model by a sizable scaling factor, F ≈ 10, which implies 〈B〉 ≈ 130 G in the upper photosphere. We also argue that in order to explain both the Hanle depolarization of the Sr i 4607 Å line and the Zeeman signals observed in Fe i lines, we need to introduce a height-dependent scaling factor, such that the ensuing 〈B〉 ≈ 160 G in the low photosphere and 〈B〉 ≈ 130 G in the upper photosphere.


Abstract The role information plays in socio-economic development can not be over-emphasized. People need different types of information in their day-to-day life and their information seeking behaviour also differs from person to person. In India, 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas. The access the rural population has to information sources is very limited. Libraries, in addition to other sources, form a major source of information. However, the libraries in rural areas, as observed from earlier studies, are traditional in nature and not well equipped to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people. Non-existence of library legislation in various states of India is one of the factors which adversely affected the development of a library system. This present study examines the status of rural libraries in four states of India, the information needs of the people in the study area, and their information seeking behaviour. The study also examines the role of the latest IT techniques in improving the present status of rural libraries. This study concludes that the libraries existing presently in rural areas are in a poor state of affairs. Lack of adequate resources, financial and human, is identified as the major reason for the present status of rural libraries. As far as information needs, a majority of respondents look for information relating to development schemes, employment opportunities, education, health, etc. Mass media including newspaper, TV, and radio are the major sources of information, followed by relatives/friends, and government officials. This study suggests the transformation of existing libraries or establishing a new set up of dynamic information centres with the help of the latest IT to effectively cater to the information needs of the rural people.


Abstract : This report summarizes the progress made on the BN-Al(x)Ga(1-x)N based Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor (HFET) development program under contract number F49620-93-C-0059. The goal of this program is to develop high temperature heterostructure insulating gate (HIG) FET devices for integrated circuits operating in harsh environments. In particular, the insulator materials proposed for the device structure included CVD BN/AIN. While the HIGFET processed with the MIS structures employing BN/AIN and Si3N4 as the insulators yielded low transconductances, tremendous progresses have been made on the optimization of AlGaN/GaN based FET structure growth and the following device processing. These are highlighted by the operation of AlGaN/GaN based heterostructure FETs (HFETs) at 300 deg C. The same device also exhibited a cutoff frequency(f sub T) and maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax) of 22 GHz and 70 GHz at room temperature with a reasonable DC transconductance (23 mS/mm). jg p5


We consider the asymptotic behavior as n → ∞ of the spectra of random matrices of the form k, where for each n the random variables Z nk are i.i.d. standard Gaussian and the matrices ρ n ((k, k + 1)) are obtained by applying an irreducible unitary representation ρ n of the symmetric group on {1, 2, ... , n} to the transposition (k, k + 1) that interchanges k and k + I [thus, ρ n ((k, k + 1)) is both unitary and self-adjoint, with all eigenvalues either +1 or―1]. Irreducible representations of the symmetric group on {1, 2, ... , n} are indexed by partitions λ n of n. A consequence of the results we establish is that if λ n,1 ≥ λ n,2 ≥: ... ≥ 0 0 is the partition of n corresponding to ρ n μn, 1 ≥ μ n,2 ≥ ··· ≥ 0 is the corresponding conjugate partition of n (i.e., the Young diagram of μ n is the transpose of the Young diagram of λ n ), lim n →∞ λn,i n = pi for each i ≥ 1, and lim n →∞ μn,j n = q j for each j > 1, then the spectral measure of the resulting random matrix converges in distribution to a random probability measure that is Gaussian with random mean θZ and variance 1 ― θ 2 , where θ is the constant Σ i p 2 i ― Σ j q 2 j and Z is a standard Gaussian random variable.


PURPOSE:To study the individual design of free forearm flap for maxillofacial defects to restore their anatomical shape and physiological function.METHODS:Twenty cases of oral cancers in tongue,buccal and floor of mouth were selected.The design of the forearm flap followed the following principles,the shape of the skin was determined by the size and shape of the defect.The subcutaneous fascia shape was designed according to the radial artery and cephalic vein course.The scope included the radial artery and cephalic vein with surrounding tissues.Half a month,3 months,6 months after operation,the physiological function was evaluated,which included the anatomical morphology,the degree of mucous membraneous,pronunciation clarity,the mobility of the organ and dietary of the patient.RESULTS:All 20 flaps survived well.Half a month,3 months after operation,the appearance of the flaps was fat and clumsy in different degrees.6 months after operation,the shape and function was near normal.Pronunciation was clear and sensation was partly recovered.The majority(17/20) of patients restored normal diet,a small portion(3/20) of patients used soft diet.CONCLUSION:Free forearm flap can be used to repair maxillofacial defect with recovery of anatomical morphology and physiological function.


Raw-materials base (hereinafter RMB) is one of the largest industries for financial investments in Russia. There are various mathematical descriptions for the development of regions with resource-based economy. Earlier in [1] the researchers considered the model based on bilevel integer stochastic programming problems with Boolean variables. This paper proposes a new approach to public-private partnership modelling, including a bilevel linear stochastic programming problem. This model assumes that budget constraints of the state and the investor can vary in a random manner with a specific probability distribution. We put forward two methods to solve this problem: problem's reduction to the deterministic bilevel one and formulation of deterministic problems sequence with help of Monte Carlo methods. In order to solve deterministic problems of integer programming, we suggest two approaches: direct enumeration and heuristic "Game" approach. The numerical experiments for proposed algorithms validation are conducted on the basis of actual data of Zabaykalsky Krai development. Multiple input parameters of the model vary in these experiments. Finally, we present a brief analysis of the obtained solutions to the stochastic linear programming problems with Boolean variables.


This paper aims to model and simulate washing machine based on user expert knowledge using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic inference process to control washing machine in this study use Mamdani method. The method has four steps Fuzzification of linguistic variable, rule evaluation (based on expert experience), aggregation of the rules outputs and final defuzzification. Input linguistic variable used are dirtiness of the clothes, type of fabric, type of dirt and amount of the clothes and the output variable is washing time, washing speed, water intake and water temperature. The system is designed and simulated using Fuzzy logic toolbox on MATLAB. Result show that the washing machine inference relate to user expert perception. The main advantage of using fuzzy logic in washing machine is that it reduce water and electricity consumption also good time management.


The accurate identification of gas–solid two-phase flow patterns is an important but challenging subject for pneumatic conveying. In this study, the sensitivity deficiencies of a single electrode were analysed via finite element analysis and a more sensitive cross-rod electrostatic sensor array structure was designed to measure the flow pattern signals. The experiment used Geldart D particles to verify the feasibility of the designed sensor array. Three types of feature vectors were extracted: the mean value, variance, and energy ratio. To identify the flow pattern accurately, the sine–cosine algorithm (SCA) is exploited to optimise the smoothing factor critical for a probabilistic neural network (PNN), namely SCA-PNN. The identification results show that the identification accuracy of the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional PNN, the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and the support vector machine (SVM).


Auniformfast calculation model for CO2thermodynamic and transport properties in sub-critical pressure region,covering pressure fromthe pressure of triple point to critical point,superheating of 0~200 K,subcooling of 0~87 K,was presented.This method can guarantee the calculation stability and high calculation speed of thermophysical properties of CO2andit is also convenient in cases of si mulation of refrigeration system for its uniform expression and no need of iteration.The source datais calculated from REFPROP7.The comparison result shows that the calculation speed of the fast calculation model is two to four orders faster than those of REFPROP7.And the total mean relative deviation and maximum relative deviation for all fast calculation models are less than 0.156 %and 10.43 %,respectively.


The M-H equation has a tremendous superiority of high precision in the field of calculating liquid volume,enthalpy-entropy of high pressure gas and enthalpy-entropy of polar liquid.However,the calculation of the parameter B4 in M-H equation requires iterative computation which interferes with the application of the equation in engineering computation.This paper relates the parameter m of the M-H equation to the eccentric factor ω and achieves a method of direct evaluating B4 with a formula correlating the parameter B4 with the reduced temperature Tr and critical volume Vc,which simplifies the computation process of using M-H equation to calculate the liquid volume.


The present invention discloses a proprietary Chinese medicine for curing gastric, duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis. Said proprietary Chinese medicine is made up by using Chinese herbal medicines according to a certain formula composition and making them pass through pulverizing or extraction of their effective components, and can be made into the dosage forms of capsule or water pill, flour and water paste pill and honey pill for clinical treatment.


As the foundation of intelligent electric grid safe and stable operation, information security involves every node of electric information systems which are difficult to manage and have a large number of users. It is important that how to promote the level of information security internal control. This paper started with strengthening the foundation management, established a sound information security working mechanism, strengthened information security talent team construction, promoted security supervision and inspection mechanism, strengthened the business authorization and account number authority basic management, promoted the security equipment operation level, reinforced the development and application of the instruments and advanced technology, established the "attack-defense-supervise" cooperation mechanism, explored the electric information security management process and measures. All of these methods lifted the risk prevention consciousness and ability of information security talent team, constructed a more standardized information security control process, reduced the failure rate substantially of information system, promoted the overall level of information network performance and operation.


A new visual colorimeter has been designed and built to be used primarily for matching color differences. The colorimeter provides seven visual fields, arranged in a cluster of seven regular hexagons, one in the center and six adjacent to it. Both eyes of the observer see each field uniformly filled with light. The color of each field is a mixture of three primary lights (red, green, blue) and can be controlled by the observer independent of the color of the other fields. Depending on the nature of the experiment, the observer can be presented with all seven fields in operation or with some fields switched off. The colorimeter is calibrated to convert instrumental readings to CIE color coordinates. The first experiment performed with the colorimeter was to assess quantitatively the ability of the observer to make matches of color difference in an array of three adjacent fields of constant brightness. Fixing the colors of two fields, the observer was required to produce a color in the third field so as to form a perceptually equilateral triangle of colors of constant brightness. The repeatability of such matches is presented graphically in the 1960 CIE–UCS diagram.


In the last number of Parasitology (Vol. iii. No. 1) Mr Wenyon has taken exception to an article of mine on the Leucocytozoa, published in Science Progress, October, 1909. It has been a matter of wonder to many protozoologists as well as to myself, why Mr Wenyon did not reply to my article in Science Progress itself, and thereby appeal to the readers whom he accuses me of having misled, for he states (Parasitology, p. 65) that my "survey of the group is inaccurate and contradictory."


This article revisits the criteria set out by the Roman Catholic Church for music appropriate for inclusion in the liturgy. Given the enormous societal changes that have marked the decades since  Sacrosanctum Concilium  (1963) set forth specific and dogmatic principles for such, this article suggests that the new vision of evangelization—especially as articulated in Pope Francis' apostolic exhortation "The Joy of the Gospel:  Evangelii Gaudium "—provides important guidelines for interpreting the yet central and binding principles from  Sacrosanctum Concilium.


Scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi is transmitted to human through the bite of chigger mite. Current methods of scrub typhus diagnosis are time-consuming and complicated. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was evaluated for rapid detection of O. tsutsugamushi. In this study, GroEL gene fragment from O. tsutsugamushi, Karp-type strain, was cloned and nucleotide sequence analyzed in the target and primer regions for the LAMP assay. Reaction temperature of the LAMP assay was optimized at 65oC for 60 min. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was found to be 1 x 10-15 ng/μL, 108-fold higher than that of the PCR assay, with no cross-reactive amplification with the DNA of other organisms and normal human blood. When the method was applied for detection of O. tsutsugamushi DNA in 82 blood specimens of patients diagnosed with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), 24 samples were detected by the LAMP assay whereas 21 were detected by the PCR assay. Thus, the rapid, sensitive, and specific LAMP assay can potentially be used for detection of O. tsutsugamushi.


A 100-Mw nuclear power station with a D/sub 2/O-moderated pressure-tube reactor was designed for the Atomkraft Bayern.'' Instead of the usual reactor pressure vessel used with nuclear power stations this reactor is equipped with pressure tubes. The steam at the outlet of the steam generator is about 500 deg C and 1500 psi. More useful effects can be obtained as compared with those of the conventional saturated steam turbines in use with nuclear power stations. (auth)


With the pressure on educational institutions to become more effective and more relevant to the demands of society, there is a need to present content in an organized and concise manner using such techniques as task analysis, behavioural objectives and the gamut of available technology in an attempt to maximize student learning. The purpose of this project has been to develop an instructional unit on the Norse People and their settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows. -- The instructional unit consists of: -- 1. A slide tape on the Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows; -- 2. Overhead transparencies dealing with explorations leading to the establishment of a settlement, and with the physical features of the settlement; -- 3. A teacher handbook containing a set of instructions to be followed in the application of the instructional unit along with lists of objectives to be given to the students, and a test designed to meet the needs of this project; -- 4. A student handbook containing information on the early explorations of the Norse People. -- Following the development of the instructional unit it was tested and found acceptable.


Two industrial deployments of multi-criteria decision-making systems at General Electric are reviewed from the perspective of their multi-criteria decision-making component similarities and differences. The motivation is to present a framework for multi-criteria decision-making system development and deployment. The first deployment is a financial portfolio management system that integrates hybrid multi-objective optimization and interactive Pareto frontier decision-making techniques to optimally allocate financial assets while considering multiple measures of return and risk, and numerous regulatory constraints. The second deployment is a power plant management system that integrates predictive modeling based on neural networks, optimization based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and automated decision-making based on Pareto frontier techniques. The integrated approach, embedded in a real-time plant optimization and control software environment dynamically optimizes emissions and efficiency while simultaneously meeting load demands and other operational constraints in a complex real-world power plant


GLOBAL WARMINGTwo new model studies project a modest increase or even a decrease in the frequency and intensity of Atlantic tropical cyclones.


We report on investigations of laser ablation of larger particles which may be in the minority but are known to be the main carrier of possibly infectious materia. We determined the dynamics of the ablated material by means of short-time exposure video recording with a Schlieren-Optik device. In addition, ablated particles were collected on microscopical slides and examined visually. The region of interest was imaged on a CCD-camera and transferred to a image processing system to get information about the size distribution and the morphology of the particulate matter. For the experiments we irradiated both soft and hard tissues and tissue modelling substances with pulsed and, for comparison, with continuous wave lasers. The particle velocities and the morphology of the ablated matter, either of irregular or special form, depend strongly on the laser type and laser parameters, respectively the treated material. In case of spherical aerosols we quantitatively determined the particle size distributions, for irregular shaped particles (mostly fibrous) only qualitative statements can be made.


Pyrolite is accepted as a representative mantle composition. MORB constitutes oceanic lithosphere and subducts into the mantle. Density changes of these rocks should give us important information about the mantle compositions and the dynamics of subducted slabs. In previous studies, density changes such representative bulk rocks were determined on the basis of quench experiments and density calculations using equations of state of each mineral at high P, T conditions. However, the mineral physics parameters should change dependent on pressures, temperatures and chemical compositions, the previous calculations of densities of minerals with complex chemical compositions in this manner have significant uncertainty because chemical composition dependences of mineral physics parameters have not been well reported. this study, we have developed technique to simultaneously observe phase transitions and density changes in two different samples with multi-component systems by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements, and have studied the phase and density changes in pyrolite and MORB.


Quercus macranthera Fisch. & Mey. ex Hohen. and Quercus iberica M. Bieb.: taxonomic definition and systematic relationships with European oaks inferred from nuclear ITS data


Cintra MTG et al.1 study addresses a topic of importance to the association between functionality, co-morbidities, severity scores, and the estimate of elderly mortality concerning admission to intensive care units. The overall sample size is large, and the findings suggest an interesting association. However, a significant study limitation limit enthusiasm. This is well described in the discussion. As we know, the geriatric functional scale is a self-report questionnaire for comorbidity screening. Therefore, the accuracy of diagnosis/comorbidity in this study is very doubtful. The association between clinical data, functional decline and life-quality with social/environmental factors is an important challenge in geriatric medicine. This study reviewed systematically the influence of admission criteria on mortality, functional decline, and life-quality among elderly patients under intensive therapy. It is important to emphasize the paradigm shift in aging populations. New research should be encouraged after this paper.


Estimation of linear Time-Frequency varying signal parameters is a computationally expensive process. Traditional estimation methods have several drawbacks that affect the performance of these estimators. Compressive sensing is a novel statistical approach that can make use of signal sparsity in a certain domain to fully recover the signal from fewer coefficients or measurements. Recent work on applying compressive sensing (CS) for chirp estimation has been reported in literature [1] [2], but these methods require super-resolution transformation causing a high post processing burden especially for real-time wide-band signals. To address this limitation, we propose to use a lower resolution measurements matrix with a wide range of estimated parameters. We apply low resolution Discrete Chirp Fourier Transform (DCFT) [3] with selected number of measurements to obtain prior signal information. Next, constrained high resolution transformation matrix is used by making use of the prior information obtained earlier. This would reduce the computational burden applied using super resolution of direct CS method. Multiple chirp signals are also considered, the effect of minimum signal separation, difference in amplitude of chirp signals and transformation resolution was studied based on simulation results and driven equations. Effect of noise has been studied, and the results show high immunity in the recovery process because CS had performed as filter for low side-lopes coefficients, even with very few measurements deployed.


R. V. Heckel, Ph.D., is Director of the Psychological Supply Company, North Augusta, South Carolina; Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry (Psychology) at the Medical College of Georgia; and Coordinator of Psychology Research and Training at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Augusta, Georgia. He has previously practiced with the Greenville Mental Health Clinic, and served as Assistant Professor of Psychology, Furman University. J. R. Brokaw received a master degree in Psychology from the State University of South Dakota, and is a personnel consultant with the Psychological Supply Company. H. C. Salzberg, Ph.D., is a consultant to the Personnel Division of the Psychological Supply Company and in Behavioral Modification at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Augusta, Georgia. S. L. Wiggins received a master degree from the University of Georgia, and is a research consultant with the Psychological Supply Company while continuing his graduate studies at the University of Georgia.-EDITOR.


Commercial disputes the number of which is growing every year can cause economic imbalance if a country doesn't obtain ADR (Alternative disputes resolution) technologies and methods implementation experience. In the Russian Federation separate branch of courts – state arbitration courts – is established and it demonstrates high quality of litigation. But effective functioning of judiciary (its accessibility, low costs and rapid procedures) doesn't signify universal character of litigation, especially in the field of investment and construction projects dealing with socially significant objects such as apartment complexes or infrastructure facilities. Within one project different controversies and misunderstandings can arise which should be resolved without delays, abuse of rights and termination of collaboration. The article is focused on three main aspects, defining approaches to ADR promotion: features of legal and judicial system of a concrete state, availability of elaborate measures ensuring ADR successful development, specifics of practice area. Certain means and technologies of ADR are proposed in order to eliminate infringement of construction process participants' rights. Analysis of state arbitration courts statistics has shown a very low level of ADR implementation. Legislative and explanatory measures fail to cope with this problem. In this connection concrete organizational and educational measures are suggested to enhance the process of ADR promotion for ensuring economic attractiveness.


This paper reports on the development of interactive computer programs for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS). The programs, originally designed to run under an IBM 360 or 370 OS environment, were executed under a conversational monitor system (CMS) timesharing environment. The aim was to reduce turnaround time and explore future interactive capabilities of the programs. Interactive versions of programs INET, UPATH, UPSUM, ULOAD, UROAD, NAG, UMATRIX, UFIT and ULOGIT were developed. The paper describes the process involved in creating CMS exec programs to control the program compilation and data set manipulation without any job control steps. Each UTPS program exec is described along with other supporting software that was developed. Finally, a summary of the problems encountered in transforming the software and data files from CS to CMS is presented.


Precision space inertial sensors used for satellite geodesy missions, tests of fundamental physics, and gravitational wave observation utilise UV photoemission to control the electric potential of free-falling test masses with respect to their surrounding electrode housings. Successful generation of photoelectrons requires UV light energies greater than the work function of the illuminated surface. To ensure bi-polar test mass charge control (positive and negative charge rates), the quantum yields of the test mass and electrode housing surfaces must be well-balanced. LISA Pathfinder used mercury vapour lamps at 254 nm to discharge the gold coated test mass by likely relying on contaminants to lower the work function of gold from its nominal value of 5.2 eV. The LISA gravitational wave mission plans to use UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of mercury vapour lamps. These UV LEDs have a lower mass, higher power efficiency, and produce light at wavelengths below 240 nm. In this paper, we measure the quantum yields of several Au-coated surfaces over a range of UV wavelengths and environmental conditions, varying temperature, vacuum pressure, and measuring over long periods of time. We use these data to draw conclusions and make recommendations for the development and handling of precision space inertial sensors for LISA and for other missions in the future.


We review briefly the characteristic topological data of Calabi--Yau threefolds and focus on the question of when two threefolds are equivalent through related topological data. This provides an interesting test case for machine learning methodology in discrete mathematics problems motivated by physics.


IN T R O D U C T IO N: Kinesiology taping can be used as an independent or supportive method in rehabilitation. It can be utilized for many injuries, disorders and diseases. The aim of this observational study was to record the incidence of contact allergies or other adverse skin changes amongst patients with neurological disorders treated with kinesiology tape. M A T E R IA L AN D M ET H O D S : One hundred and sixty patients from four countries (Poland, Spain, England, Holland) both females and males, treated with kinesiology tape were included. The second author (Poland) looked for skin reactions during each new application. In the other three countries (Spain, England, Holland) therapists initiated tape application and parents or caregiver's reported to the first author by means of an online questionnaire. R E S U L TS : The incidence of skin reaction was 9.38%. C O N C L U S IO N S : Despite the fact that kinesiology taping is regarded as an effective, safe and patient-friendly treatment, there is still need for careful application. This is especially the case in neurological patients with possible sensory deficits and/or patients in a (sub)conscious state. Increased awareness of possible allergic (contact dermatitis) reactions should increase the safety of this method.


Highly successful loadmanagement programs under- taken bycooperatives toreduce loaddemands arediscussed. Using the results ofasurvey completed inJune1982, controllable loads, com- munication/control systems, andbenefit-to-cost ratios ofvarious controllable loads areanalyzed. Problems experienced andsolutions developed inimplementing various communication andcontrol tech- nologies inrural environments aresummarized. Reasons forsuccess ofloadmanagement programs implemented byrural electric coopera- tives arealsodiscussed.