Based on about 140 nationwide data of eutrophication from 32 formally published papers,the relationships between nationwide temporal-spatial patterns of N(or P) of lakes and the eutrophication were analyzed.The results showed that total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) of the lake systems in China are within the ranges of 0.11~ 29.2 mg/L for N,and 0.006 ~1.04 mg/L for P,respectively.And the variability of nitrogen was more significant than that of phosphorus.TN/TP values are within the range of d 0.86 ~ 84,with the geometric mean of 16.43,suggesting that phosphorus was a major limiting factor of lakes.There was an obvious correlation between TN and latitude,but the relationship between TN and longitude wasn't significant(p=0.126),which may be related to the more significant variability of nitrogen in longitude.And there was an obvious correlation between TP(or TN/TP) and latitude(or longitude).TP and TN/TP significantly decreased and increased with increasing latitude(or longitude),respectively.The enrichment of phosphorus may be an important reason for a high degree of eutrophication of southern lakes.Variations in N and P in lakes might be closely connected with nationwide widespread lake eutrophication.A significant decline in N/P values has been observed since the 1990s.There was a significant increase in phosphorus,but not significant in nitrogen(p=0.275),which led to a significant decline in TN/TP.So,to solve the problem of lake eutrophication in China lies in the effective control on the input of "phosphorus" element.


The great shearing deformation energy accumulated in the slope will be released in critical landslide phase;and energy releasing rate of the slope body has the dimension of force.When the amplitude of energy releasing rate of the slope body is greater than the shearing strength of latent slide belt of locked segment,the deformation energy released by the slope body in critical landslide phase will be greater than the energy needing for failure of rock of latent slide belt;and the superfluous energy amount will convert into kinetic energy of landslide mass;and the landslide like this is called acute-moving landslide.Contrarily,the landslide is called slow-moving landslide.The impulse velocity at the cross section of acute-moving landslide is in direct proportion to the tangential stress intensity at it.The tangential stress and the tangential strain energy density of slope body media near to the latent slide surface are the biggest;the impulse velocity of acute-moving landslide is the biggest too.The curve of elastic potential change rate of slope and its expression,which have wealth of information,are deduced.The deformation energy accumulation of the slope body,and the relationship between the deformation energy releasing amount in critical landslide phase and starting velocity including starting method of landslide mass,are described in forms of analysis and illustration drawn by the Matlab software.


The studies conducted till now on symbiosis of papilionaceous plants and rhizobia discovered the genetic background of this phenomenon and allowed identification of numerous plant and bacteria metabolites involved at process of starting of symbiosis and development of nodules. One of these compounds are bacteria Nod factors (LCOs), recognised as signal par-ticles participating in change of information between a bacteria and a plant, effected among others on nodules formation on papilionaceous plants. These compounds are often submitted to processes which cause decrease of their concentration on the road from producer to destined organism, diffuse or break-up in the soil solution and are degraded by soil microorgan-isms. It may be assumed that their insufficient amount is a cause of low efficient symbiosis, what considerably limits plant supply with nitrogen and decreases their yielding. In this studies it was evaluated an effect of Nod factors use on ontogene-sis, forming of physiological growth indexes and yielding of two morphological differentiated pea varieties (genotype with normal foliage and narrow leaved genotype - afila type). Using of Nod factors increased among others number and weight of nodules, what in a consequence led to production of greater mass of vegetative and generative organs by pea plants.


The invention discloses a multi-parameter water quality analyzer which comprises a controller, and a plurality of instrument panels, wherein control modules, detection modules, execution modules and sensor modules of the different instrument panels are different, each instrument panel corresponds to all parameters detected by adopting same one chemical analysis method, the different parameters of the chemical analysis methods can be detected by changing the different instrument panels; aiming at the different detection parameters, the various sensor modules are arranged, and the different sensor modules are changed to detect the different parameters of the same one chemical analysis method; under the control of a controller, the control modules control the execution modules to complete the sample introduction and metering work of reagents; the sensor modules and the detection modules realize the detection on to-be-detected parameters. Therefore, the water quality detection instrument can detect the various parameters by changing the different sensor modules and/or instrument panels, namely the problem that an existing water quality detection instrument can only detect one parameter can be solved.


In the long history of our country,women have been the vassal to men.And their creativity and productivity has been suppressed and forbidden,since they can not get their due status and position.In the modern society,professional education provides the warranty and real channel to help the modern ladies to strive for their social status and achieve their personal goals.This paper is focused on influence on the personality of women by the professional education.This paper probed into the actual effect of the woman professional education on the self-identity and personality while analyzing the history of Chinese woman professional education.


We propose a novel method of stereoscopic video blending, targeted at achieving temporal disparity and color consistency. Video blending is one of the most frequent and important tasks in video editing, which is also true in stereoscopic video editing. However, it is more difficult to achieve temporally consistent blending for stereoscopic videos compared with blending of monocular videos, since there is more channel, namely disparity, to be considered except color channels in stereoscopic videos. Toward this end, two algorithms are proposed in this paper for temporally consistent videos blending. One is a temporally coherent mask propagation mechanism for selecting a source video patch clip from the source stereoscopic video; and the other is a temporal blending algorithm, which seeks to adjust the shape of the source video patch clip so as to keep consistent with disparities of the target stereoscopic video. We show various results on numerous examples to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.


Acoustic emissions are noises, often at inaudible frequencies or low amplitudes or both, that are emitted by all soils when they are deformed. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach, using basic physical concepts, for predicting the magnitude of those emissions at their source and at various distances from the source. It should be mentioned that this approach is probably a lower limit, for plastically deforming soils will undoubtedly give signal strengths greater than those predicted in this paper


How robust is the welfare state when confronting open borders? To answer that question, we develop an evolutionary game-theoretic model combined with an ingroup–outgroup model. The simulations reveal that welfare states in general will transform into lowwelfare societies unless the societies in time generate a sufficiently large amount of social recognition of the reciprocators in such a crisis. The recognition implies that the "always cooperators" in favour of supportive policies towards free riders need to step down and hand over privileges to those willing to reciprocate, namely the "willing punishers". The open-border society is modelled by letting a small amount of random types enter the society each year. Interestingly, it is not the defectors who compromise high-welfare societies. Instead, it is the excessive presence of cooperators who crowd out the reciprocators, thus making society increasingly vulnerable to free riding. This accentuates the need for timely recognition and actions against the risk of moving towards a low-welfare society.


Abstract Introduction: Microalbuminuria is an abnormal increase in albumin excretion rate with a specific range of 30-299 mg of albumin/g of creatinine or excretion of 20-200 mg/l of albumin in spot urine samples. Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria are at increased risk for cardiovascular death as compared with normoalbuminuria. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria among patients visiting the Department of Nephrology in a tertiary care centre. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among diabetic patients visiting the Department of Nephrology in a tertiary care centre after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 04072022/04). The study was conducted between 1 October 2022 to 30 November 2022 where patients providing written consent and had documented diabetes were included in the study whereas patients without documented diabetes, having comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, nephritic/nephrotic syndrome and those who refused to give consent were excluded from the study. Convenience sampling was done. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 103 patients, microalbuminuria was found to be in 19 (18.45%) (10.96-25.94, 95% Confidence Interval). Out of 19 patients, 8 (42.11%) were male and 11 (57.89%) were female. The mean HbA1c among participants with microalbuminuria was 7.67±0.67%. Conclusions: The prevalence of microalbuminuria among diabetic patients was similar to other studies done in similar settings.


Abstract— The activities of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (EC 22.214.171.124) in various ganglia, nerve trunks, and individual identifiable neurons of Aplysia culifornica were measured. The distribution of the decarboxylase enzyme is ubiquitous throughout the central nervous system of the Aplysia. Every Aplysia neuron tested contained some decarboxylase activity. The presence of this particular synthetic enzyme in an Aplysia neuron, therefore, cannot be used to classify these neurons as 'aminergic'.


The paragonimiasis has a wide distribution in the world, but occurs in areas where there is the consumption of hosts contaminated by metacercaria of Paragonimus, as raw or slightly cooked lobsters and crabs. Human cases occur mainly in Southeast Asia and Japan; Taiwan, Thailand, India, China and Korea are the countries with endemic levels although many cases were described in the north Africa. The cooking of these countries encourages the spread and maintenance of the disease. In the Americas, there are several cases in South American countries on the Pacific coast, such as Peru and Ecuador [1]. In the United States, although most cases are from patients who have traveled or lived in endemic areas in the East, a few cases are indigenous, described in regions where a Paragonimus sp. different from that found in the East occurs in the environment in mammalian hosts. Some cases are commonly described in USA due to the habit of eating raw contaminated food in some provinces. Ecuador is considered a country with endemic levels of paragonimiasis. In 1850, it was reported the presence of a kind of Paragonimus in an otter in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. However, several studies in this region failed to demonstrate other hosts with the parasite; this case was never confirmed [2,3]. Regarding to intermediate hosts, there are several species of shellfish that can host the parasite. In Brazil, there is potential for the existence of paragonimiasis in humans after the discovery of a large number of Thiara tuberculata in Santos (state of Sao Paulo) and others in the basin of the high Parana [4]. If introduced in these regions, there may be a risk of disease dissemination in the local population due to consumption of freshwater shellfish contaminated with the parasite. The description of the first human case in Brazil, related by you and collegues, published in this Journal (Braz J Infect Dis 2007(1):153-156), should be faced as the tip of the iceberg and a seroepidemiological evaluation might be considered [5]. The paragonimiasis is not considered a neglected tropical disease, but several characteristics of this parasite fulfill previous criteria used to define these entities.


Example discloses a method and apparatus for header compression in the present invention. A network relay scenario. Wherein the method comprises: receiving a first data packet transmitted through the header compression apparatus of the user or other relay nodes; encapsulating said first data packet transport protocol header, and the header compression packet header, to form a second data packet; said second data packet to the next base station or a relay node. In order to solve the network relay scenario, IP packets take up too much bandwidth.


Islam and modernity in their historical encounter have experienced different days. Success and failure of this historical interaction have been owed to the level of recognition of Islamic and modern west scholars from each others' essence and main attributes of spiritual property. Nonetheless, to be fair, the inherent nonconformity of some of Islamic and modern affairs has been another reason to make this communication rough. However, what has been recorded in history is the impatience of Islam and modernity to break their geographical borders. The reciprocal influence of Islam and modernity has made each one to host another inside its borders. In this regard, the concerns of Islamic scholars ('ulamā") and intellectuals in confronting the modern affair have created a set of vectors with different magnitudes and directions whose ultimate results are different reactions of people in Islamic territories and all the Muslims in the entire world towards the modernity. Undoubtedly, reconcilable points in the communication of Islam and modernity are not so much of a serious challenge. Naturally, the efforts of Islamic scholars and their Westerner counterparts are dedicated to study the segregation points between Islam and modernity. Admittedly, study in no field is as enlightening as history. Among the mainstream Islamic scholars this question has been always a major topic of discussion: "which one should be characterized by the other: Islam or modernity?". A historical review reveals that Islamic scholars have not been unanimous on answering this question and both answers have been always existent. Anyways, discussion on the quiddity of modern Islam and Islamic modernity as well as historical research provides a basis for a true analysis on the reality of interaction between Islam and modernity. Besides, this study could provide a set of solutions making this communication smooth.


We combine search in triple stores with full-text search into what we call \emph{semantic full-text search}. We provide a fully functional web application that allows the incremental construction of complex queries on the English Wikipedia combined with the facts from Freebase. The user is guided by context-sensitive suggestions of matching words, instances, classes, and relations after each keystroke. We also provide a powerful API, which may be used for research tasks or as a back end, e.g., for a question answering system. Our web application and public API are available under \url{http://broccoli.cs.uni-freiburg.de}.


The antimony doped SnO2 thin film electrode was prepared by the sol-gel method.The film electrode was analyzed by means XRD,SEM,Cyclic Voltammetry.The effects of the calcination temperatures on the element composition,structure,phase and oxidizability were discussed.Taking phenol as target substrate for photoelectrocatalytic degradation experiments,the degradation rate of phenol and mineralization level under different calcinated electrodes were investigated.The results showed that the calcination temperature has large impact on micro-structure,surface composition,resistance and reactivity of the film,the structure of the SnO2 thin films calcinated at different temperature are in the form of multi-crystal.Many cracks appear on the surface of the film electrode after different calcination which increase the reaction area and activated spots.The film electrode of antimony doped SnO2 calcinated at 450℃ has lower resistance,strong oxidation,and favorite degradation effect.


INTRODUCTION: Pathological communications between the arterial and venous systems have been in the center of attention of surgeons since XVIII century. Despite the achievements of the modern medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) is still quite a difficult problem. The most common location of AVF is the lower limbs ― 17% of cases. Because of the peculiarities of structure and clinical manifestations of posttraumatic AVF, they are diagnosed several years after the injury. Diagnostic errors reach 30%, and unsatisfactory results of surgical treatment are observed in 30% to 70% of cases. The article describes a clinical case of a patient with a rare posttraumatic AVF in the lower third of thigh identified 2 years after fracture of a lower limb. Initially, the patient was delivered to hospital for surgical treatment for varicose vein disease of the left lower limb (C5 in CEAP classification). In the follow-up examination at the department of vascular surgery, a posttraumatic AVF of femoral vessels in the lower third of thigh was found with alterations of central hemodynamics (according to the heart ultrasound data). An attempt of open disconnection of the AVF was undertaken, however, morphological alterations of the walls of femoral vessels caused by a long-existing fistula did not permit this to be done. In result, for effective disconnection of AVF two stages of endovascular treatment were required.
CONCLUSION: This medical case is given by the authors because of the rarity of pathology, atypical clinical manifestations and diagnostic difficulties. This case is also interesting from the point of view of the fact that effective disconnection of AVF required several stages of endovascular treatment.


In Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) the drive field generated field of view (FOV) size is limited by the applied amplitudes that need to be small for a safe use in human applications [1]. A possible solution is to scan and reconstruct several patches that are merged in a post processing step to one large FOV [2,3]. However, this technique often results in truncation artefacts [4]. In this contribution different possibilities of combined reconstruction of patches are proposed to reduce truncation artefacts.


In this paper we will study the architecture of the Long Term Evolution LTE of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UMTS with Multi User Multiple Input Multiple Output MU-MIMO technique. Open-Loop Spatial Multiplexing OLSM is one of nine transmission modes in LTE networks, in OLSM transmissions are configured with minimal feedback from the UE; we will consider OLSM in this study while performing three different types of scheduling algorithms that are used in LTE. The implementation of this study will use MATLAB software with LTE system level simulation, and results will collected for UE's throughputs and compared with each other for the different types of schedulers and with different antenna configurations such as 2x2, 2x4, and 4x4.


The Li2ZnSiO4∶Eu3+red phosphors,which are suitable for nearly ultraviolet light excitation,were synthesized by a sol-gel method.The structure and luminescence properties of the Li2ZnSiO4∶Eu3+were characterized by X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy,respectively.The results show that the sample is a pure tetragonal phase of Li2ZnSiO4∶Eu3+.The excitation spectra of the sample consist of O2--→Eu3+charge transitions and Eu3+ion excitation peak.Under ultraviolet excitation at a wavelength of 395nm,the sample has a red luminescence due to the transition5 D0→7 F2 of Eu3+,and the maximum emission peak appears at 613nm.The luminescence intensity firstly increases and then decreases with increasing the amount of Eu3+-doped.The optimal mole content of Eu3+is 3.5%.


The main concern of R6ger's book is linguistic socialization as part and tool of the socialization process. The first part of the volume provides a delightful account of the available research on the beginning and development of mother-child interaction in different cultures, while the second part deals with question of social deficit rooted in the differences between the language acquired at home and that required at school. In Part I (7-88) the reader learns that in contrast to the 'simplified register' used by adults when talking to babies and little children in Western Europe and the USA, in the Kaluli community of New Guinea


The modernization of the Russian economy under new ways to search the problem of increasing the efficiency of large integrated structures has recently become even more relevant. One of the most effective forms of integration in the Western experience of recognized public-private partnerships (PPP). The aim of the author's research is to develop a model of public-private partnerships in modern Russian conditions of modernization of the regulatory framework. The authors have analyzed the situation and novels of the new federal law on public-private and public-private partnerships. The result of this study is to develop a model municipal-private partnership, identifying the positive effects of the PPP model for the Russian economy. Scientific novelty lies in the development of the classification and presentation of the model of public-private partnerships and the overall structure of the implementation of socio-economic PPP projects. Application of the results: the situation and the results of the study will be useful for both private businesses and to public authorities, in the framework of the implementation of major priority projects and social development programs of the country. The authors made the socio-economic assessment of the effectiveness of implemented PPP projects and concluded that the strategic sectors of the Russian economy there is a need in the formation and development of public-private partnership, which allows to solve the problem of finding a balance between risk and return on invested capital.


This study sought to examine the compatibility between social work competencies with humanitarian assistance job skills requirements in the market. A systematic analysis of international job descriptions (N=500) was conducted with a focus on the skills required of potential employees. The main themes identified and operationalized into discrete skills and/or behaviors were: technical expertise, intra- and extra-organizational competencies, personal abilities, sector specialization, education, and language requirements. To aid educators in curriculum building, the identified skills were cross-referenced with the Council on Social Work Education's Education Policy and Accreditation Standards practice behaviors to determine how they translate into standardized competencies. The study offers important implications for social work education and discusses several venues for social work employment in international relief and development careers. [AUTHOR ABSTRACT]


For the determination of Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Si in highpurity carbon and graphite, the method of concentrating impurities proposed by Karabash and Peizulaer was used. The graphite was mixed with beryllium oxide as a collector, burned, and all the ash impurities were concentrated on the collector. The beryllium oxide was then analyzed spectrographically for the impurities. These could be determined down to concentrations of 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup -5/% in the original material. (M.C.G.)


Several Cu (Ⅱ) complexes were synthesized by solid-state reaction and liquid-state reaction of pyrazolone derivatives with cupric acetate, respectively, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG-DTA and XRD techniques. The results show that the solid-state reaction and liquid-state reaction lead to different products. The molecular formulae of the liquid-state reaction products are M2L2•nH2O (n=0, 1) or M(HL)2H2O, and those of the solid-state reaction products are M(H2L)•2OAc•nH2O(n=1, 2).


A cavity antenna array with low-profile and favorable aperture efficiency for Ku-band mobile satellite communication applications (10.9–12.5 GHz) is presented in this letter. Key features are the much reduced loss of the feed network and miniaturized aperture size of the array element, and therefore, the high aperture efficiency of the array. The antenna element operates under an odd mode of a fundamental frequency, miniaturized by about a half compared with the conventional cavity antenna. The waveguide-microstrip (WG-MS) hybrid network is employed for the element feeding. Especially, a corners-shorted patch and stepped-length slot are introduced in the WG-MS transition for better transmission, lowering the loss by about 20% according to simulation. For verification, an antenna array is implemented and tested. The results show aperture efficiency up to 86.1% and a maximum gain of 28.8 dBi in the operation band. Besides, this array achieves a wide bandwidth from 10.5 to 13 GHz (20.8%) based on the standard of voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) $< 2$, entirely covering the desired band of 10.9–12.5 GHz.


Backgrdund : In tinea pedis, the response of treatment and prognosis are different according to clinical types. Positivity in KOH mount and causative agent in culture are also different. Objective : Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and mycologic findings of tinea pedis according to the clinical type. Methods : A clinical and mycological study was conducted with 97 cases of tinea pedis among out patients examined for 7 months from June 1994 to December 1994 at Yeungnam University Hospital and Catholic Skin Clizic, Taegu, Korea. Results : 1. Age distribution showed patients in their fourth decade to be most common. The ratio of male to female was 1.2: 1. The distribution of patients by clinical type was interdigital type, interdigital combined with hyperkeratotic type, interdigital combined with vesicular type, hyperkeratotic type, and hyperkeratotic combined with vesicular type, in descending order. One to five years was the most comrrion duration of tinea pedis. Duration of tinea pedis was the shortest in the vesicular type, otherwis was longer in hyperkeratotic type. Rate of family history of tinea pedis was 54.6%. The larger the size of family was, the higher the positivity in family history. The rate of coexistent dermatiophytosis with tinea pedis was 39.1%, and tinea unguium was the most common one. 2. The isolated dermatophytis were T. rubrum, 90.7%, T. mentagrophytes, 7.2%, and T. rubrum rnixed with T. mentagrophytes, 2.1%. T. rubrum showed an even distribution in all clinical types of tinea pedis whereas T. mentanophytes was isolated only in the interdigital type, vesicular type, and interdigital combined with vesicular type. T. rubrum mixed with T. mentagrophytes was isolated in the interdigital combine with vesicular type. Distribution of dermatophytes was relatively even arnong the age groups. T. rubrum showed a relatively even distribution in duration of tinea pedis, but T. mentagrophytes was isolated in tinea pedis with shorter duration.
(Kor J Dermatol 1995;33(6): 102S-1037)


Mercury Hexaselenidohypodiphosphate Hg2P2Se6 has been prepared and its vibrational spectrum recorded. The observed frequencies of Hg2P2Se6 are assigned on the basis of P2Se64- units with C2h symmetry. DTA data have been determined and interpreted.


The technology for synthesis of N(1,1dimethyl3oxobutyl)acrylamide (DAAm) from acetone and acrylonitrile with conc.H2SO4 as catalyst was improved. Adopting the method of separating the intermediate by crystallization followed by washing,purity of the product was increased and the technological operation became simpler.The optimized reaction conditions were determined as follows:n(acrylonitrile)∶n(acetone)∶n(98% H2SO4)=1∶23∶23,reaction time 4 h,reaction temperature 50 ℃,and the amount of acetone for diluting(based on 1 mol acrylonitrile) 240 mL.White DAAm crystals were obtained with the purity w(DAAm)=998% and m.p.563-568 ℃.Yield of DAAm was 506% based on acrylonitrile.The target product was identified by m.p.,IR and 1HNMR.


In this article a short discussion of interoperability was presented according to proprieties of Information Technology (IT) systems. A proposal about some assuring interoperability of IT systems interoperability, so called "conversion rules" of interoperable data was mentioned. The next, a concept of providing successful and efficient implementation of interoperability mechanisms for cooperating inside IT was described. All main considerations were illustrated in short examples.


Service loads, environmental and accidental actions may cause damage to constructions. Regular inspection and condition assessment of engineering structures are necessary so that early detection of any defect can be made and structure's remaining safety and reliability can be determined. When the structural damage is small or it is in the interior of the system, its detection cannot be done visually. A useful more elaborate nondestructive evaluation tool is vibration monitoring. It relies on the fact that occurrence of damage or loss of integrity in a structural system leads to changes in the dynamic properties of the structure. In this paper, different techniques will be presented and compared to derive from experimentally determined modal characteristics of a reinforced concrete beam its dynamic bending stiffness. The degradation of stiffness, due to the cracking of the reinforced concrete, gives information on the position and intensity of the occurred damage.


This paper constructs an econometric model which not only processes the spatial correlation of variables butalso deals with the endogenous club convergence. Then the paper,in accordance with the improved Spatial EigenvectorMapping(SEVM)method,applies this model to make a study on the convergence of divergence problem of Chineseregional technology innovation from 1997 to 2013. The results show that the spatial correlation of sample data can beseparated as an independent explanatory variable by using SEVM spatial filtering method and put into the regressionmodel,so as to expand the method of classical econometric model processing the spatial correlation of data. Regionaltechnology innovation presents the characteristics of endogenous club convergence,the clubs are classified by the standardof human capital,which is based on 15 scientists and 118 engineers per square kilometer respectively. The spatialcorrelation of regional technology innovation has a different and significant positive role in promoting the process ofconvergence of three major clubs.


Objective: T o determine free radical scavenging activity and active chemical ingredients of different plant crude extracts of Mentha piperita ( M. piperita ) . Methods: T he dried powder leaves of M. piperita were extracted with polar organic solvent by S oxhlet extractor. T he crude extract and its fractions of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol crude extracts were prepared. T he antioxidant activity of different crude extracts from M. piperita was carried out by DPPH method with minor modification, and the active chemical ingredients of different plant crude extracts of M. piperita were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC - MS ) . Results: Q ualitative analysis of different polarities crude extracts by GC - MS found different types of active organic compounds. T he antioxidant activity of different crude extracts were found to be in the order of chloroform extract> butanol extract> ethyl acetate extract> hexane extract> methanol extract. M ajority identified compounds in the plant crude extracts by GC - MS were biologically active. Conclusions: T herefore, the isolation, purification, identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from various crude extracts of M. piperita might have ecological significance.


Disc printed antenna with E-shaped slit composed of a radiator with E-shaped slit excited by a coaxial probe, and placed on a dielectric substrate with a ground plane, characterized in that the antenna introduced conductive aperture concentric with respect to the radiator opening, the perimeter of which are arranged conductive pins that provide an electrical connection with a grounded aperture base and emitter E-shaped slit is formed as a disc.


This paper demonstrates the soccer's social effect on people's spiritual life,stalility and unity,patriotic spirit,consuming behavior,etc. from the perspective soccer's spiritual beauty.We come to realize that soccer's spiritual beauty has brought about civilization,progress and beauty of life for human beings.It also indicates that it is an important aspect of human spiritual life towards beauty.


Selected rheological properties of thermoplastic polymer materials before and after exposure in different environments were evaluated by Frequency sweep test, which monitors changes in viscoelastic properties of polymers with respect to their molecular structure and their behavior in thermoplastic processes. Samples of tested material were subjected in UV radiation, moist soil with higher concentration of chlorides and solution of n-hexane for exact period. Degradation process resulted in changes of complex dynamic viscosity, storage and loss modulus, changes in molar mass and its distribution.


Family practice is a unique venue for tobacco intervention because of primary care's access to the smoking population, its capacity for long-term follow-up, and its being widely regarded by smokers as an appropriate place to get help with smoking cessation. Clinical tobacco intervention, with its


The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and hepatoprotective potential of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent leaf). Freshly harvested leaves of O. gratissinum were thoroughly washed with tap water before being dried at room temperature after which there were ground to fine powder. 50g of the powdered plant sample was soaked in 100 ml of distilled water for 30 minutes. The resulting extract was filtered and the filtrate concentrated by gentle evaporation. Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and hepatoprotective potential of the extract were determined by standard methods. Phytochemical analysis on the extract revealed the presence of tannins (49.19±2.86mg/100g), saponins (42.28±2.85mg/100g), flavonoids (24.05±2.02mg/100g), steroids (38.89±1.06mg/100g), phenols (25.55±2.36mg/100g) and alkaloids (21.02±1.03mg/100g). However, serum hepatomarkers of animals in group 2 orally administered with only CCl 4 was elevated thus: AST (110.1±2.34 IU/L), ALT (45.4±2.9 IU/L), ALP (63.4±4.86 IU/L) and TB (2.6±0.87 IU/L) compared to those of group 1 reported thus: AST (90.3±2.12 IU/L), ALT (35.3±4.34 IU/L), ALP (40.2±3.91 IU/L) and TB (0.2-1.31 IU/L) that was administered with only 2ml/kg of distilled water. However, administration of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg b.w of extract significantly shielded the liver evident by the dose dependent reduction in the levels of the serum hepatomarkers of animals in groups 35 respectively. In conclusion, Ocimum gratissimum habours compound (s) with hepatoprotective potentials, and thus should be explored to enhance benefits.


An experimental and numerical analysis on welded, adhesive, and hybrid (weld-bonded) T-peel joints under peeling loads is described in the present work. The called adhesives included the brittle Araldite ® AV138, the moderately ductile Araldite ® 2015 and the ductile Sikaforce ® 7752. An analysis of the experimental values and a comparison of these values with the Finite Element Method (FEM) results was carried out in Abaqus ®, which included Cohesive Zone Models (CZM) strength prediction considering simulation of the adhesive layer as well as weld-nugget failures. The Sikaforce ® 7752 has been found to perform best in the bonded and hybrid configurations. The strong agreement between the experimental and numerical results made it possible to predict the power of the adhesive and hybrid T-peel joints through CZM validation. CZM is a computational technique focused on traction-separation laws integrating stress principles with fracture mechanics to predict structural strength, including bonded joints. In reality, the initiation of damage, i.e. the cancelation of the elastic behaviour and the depreciation of strength, is predicted by strength-based criteria, while failure of the CZM elements is predicted by energetic criteria, allowing the simulation of damage growth to failure.


Community drama has only recently been introduced into Israel. The first group was started in the Katamon, one of the poorest neighbourhoods of Jerusalem, in 1972. Since then, however, a large number of other workshops have been set up in the slum areas of the major cities and in various development towns. An umbrella organization (The Society for the Advancement of Community Drama) was soon established and has already achieved a certain degree of recognition by both government ministries and local authorities. Within a relatively short time, therefore, community drama has become an accepted part of the Israeli scene. The workshops were set up with two aims in mind. The most


This article considers the problem of finite-time adaptive fuzzy output-feedback control design for multi-input–multioutput uncertain nonlinear systems subject to full state constraints. By employing the finite-time stability theory, a new finite-time adaptive fuzzy output-feedback control approach is proposed. An integral barrier Lyapunov functional is utilized to prevent all states from violating their constraints. Fuzzy logic systems are developed to approximate the uncertainties. A fuzzy state observer is constructed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Moreover, to handle the "explosion of complexity" issue in the backstepping control technique, a finite-time convergent differentiator is introduced to estimate the time derivatives of virtual control signals. The stability analysis showed that the control approach guarantees that all closed-loop signals are bounded, and the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin in a finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is confirmed by numerical simulations.


Integration of optical, lidar, and radar data for estimating forest structural parameters has been extensively investigated in recent decades. While evidence in the literature reveals that a common fusion method, where all attributes derived from different types of remotely-sensed data are used directly in stepwise multiple-linear regression, is not able to increase the accuracy of the structural parameter estimations in all cases, it is possible to determine the ratio of the attributes (called the pseudo-attribute hereafter) derived from two different datasets for the modelling process. In this study, the performance of WorldView-2 (WV-2) and Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre-5 (SPOT-5) multispectral images, small foot-print lidar data, and multi-date dual-polarized Advanced Land Observing Satellite phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (ALOS–PALSAR) data in paired-data fusion have been assessed using the two methods of common and ratio fusion for estimating forest structural parameters over a Pinus radiata plantation. For this purpose, grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) indices with different orientations and window sizes were calculated for the WV-2 and SPOT-5 multispectral data. The backscatter derivatives and statistical metrics were extracted from multi-date dual-polarized ALOS-PALSAR data and lidar-derived canopy height model (CHM), respectively. After applying stepwise multiple-linear regression, the results showed that the ratio fusion method provided more accurate models than the common fusion method. Finally, statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference between results derived when SPOT-5 and WV-2 data were each fused with lidar data, resulting in estimation of structural parameters with less than 20% error, which is consistent with the quality of field inventories.


Interviews were conducted with 43 mothers of AIDS fatalities 2 or 3 years following their sons' deaths. Eighty-four percent of the mothers who devoted full-time care to their sons for substantial periods of time showed a cluster of symptoms normally associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Only 8% of those who did not engage in extended care experienced three or more of these symptoms.


A new approach to solve Fuzzy Complex System of Linear Equations (FCSLE) based on fuzzy complex centre procedure is presented here. Few theorems related to the investigation are stated and proved. Finally the presented procedure is used to analyze an example problem of linear time invariant electric circuit with complex crisp coefficient and fuzzy complex sources. The results obtained are also compared with the known solutions and are found to be in good agreement.


The present invention discloses a non-isolated dimensional constraint bit codec method and apparatus capable of two-dimensional data stored in the "page" surface embodiment of the holographic storage optical disk storage, and a two-dimensional environment, the data stream into a non-satisfied isolation constrained two-dimensional array of data bits. The two-dimensional non-isolated bit constraint encoding method comprising dividing the input data into a particular sub-block length; follow constraint rules 64 codewords is converted into a two-dimensional sub-blocks constrained subarray; finally generated 2D sub constraint cascade array to satisfy the constraints specified in advance a two-dimensional array of constraints. The present invention contemplates a two-dimensional non-isolated bit rate equal to the constraint of the encoding and decoding method 6:8, and some state associated encoding and decoding method compared to the present invention, since the encoder is only a single state, and therefore will not decoding errors catastrophic error propagation, because having good overall performance, the encoder configuration is simple, easily implemented in hardware.


The management of a private press was one of the many activities undertaken by Count Harry Kessler in support of the applied arts of his time; his personal involvement was unfailing, and until he emigrated from Germany, he shouldered all financial responsibility for it. While working in the Weimar museum he revealed his taste for 'fine books', and set out his principles, by publishing scholarly little catalogues of classical texts, or of texts with classical illustrations. At its height, the Presse has its own paper, its own block letters, original wood engravings by well known artists, and distinguished and enthusiastic contributors. This took place between 1903 and 1931, but particularly after 1913, and involved some sixty works. Of these, the illustrated editions became the best known, and have never been equalled from a purely typographical point of view. Kessler aimed at craftsmanlike work on the English model, while choosing artists who represented his European tastes, and had his most important works produced in German, English and French. Their simplicity, their perfection and their high artistic qualities ensure that Cranach-Presse editions rank amongst the most beautiful books to come from a German private press. (RMK) The three-language editions of the Cranach-Presse allow us to compare European bindings over a seventy-year period. For Kessler the beauty of a binding was to be found in the undecorated perfection of colour and material. Bindings almost all in red morocco with a gold frame make up the simple repertoire of one binder. All the bindings listed, and presented here, were ordered by different collectors. Count Harry Kessler admired English art bindings, and he had several of his publications bound on the other side of the Channel. On the other hand he was less attracted by French art bindings which did not have their roots in the tools and materials of the craftsman. Legrain and Bonet were neither binders nor gilders. They had this work done by outside workers. Under their influence the book became a sort of knick knack, a feature of decorative art. Apart from lyre or bunch of grapes decorations, nothing links the binding to the typography or the illustrations of the book. In England, from the 1850s, bindings came near to telling a story of their own. Only Ivor Robinson's bindings, because of their economy and restraint, came anywhere near Kessler's basic ideas. Typographical elements incorporated into the linear designs of Otto Dorfner or Ignatz Wiemeler are at the origin of present-day binding in Germany.


To proposing a voting model for groups with members of unequal power and proficiency, we present some models for rank ordering efficient candidates, by extending the ideas of some authors. Then, we propose a new methodology to rank the ranking models for the performance indices of only DEA efficient candidates based on a classical voting model. Also, an approach for combining the results obtained from the ranking models is presented.


A one-step, single tube, real-time accelerated loop-mediated isothermal amplification (real-time LAMP) assay was developed separately to detect major shrimp viral diseases such as penaeid rod shaped DNA virus (PRDV), hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV) and yellow head virus (YHV). Real-time LAMP method is more sensitive than other conventional PCR, RT-PCR and LAMP methods. The applicability of this assay was validated with plenty of viral samples collected from Japan and Thailand. Highly conserved regions of each viral genome developed separately were used to design the real-time LAMP primers. The real-time LAMP assay reported in this study is simple and rapid, where specific amplification is obtained for PRDV, IHHNV, TSV and YHV in 60 min under isothermal conditions at 63 o C employing six distinct sequences of the target gene. The quantification of viral load in the infected samples was determined from the standard curve based on their threshold time required for turbidity to occur in the reaction by precipitation of magnesium pyrophosphate. Sensitivity analysis revealed that all of these viruses can be detected up to 100 copies of template DNA, rendering it ten-fold more sensitive than conventional LAMP assay.


Introduction: Rotator cuff injuries (MR) are responsible for most complaints of shoulder pain in medical appointments. Shoulder arthroscopy surgery has a better rehabilitation and is increasingly the technique chosen to correct these injuries. Objective: This study aims to analyze the postoperative results of the shoulder arthroscopic technique for MR correction for pain and function reduction, evaluating the improvement in quality of life considering sociodemographic aspects. Methods: This was a prospective study that evaluated 51 patients in 2019. The information was
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 obtained through interviews and pre-operative questionnaires at Socimed Hospital patients. Outpatient follow-up was performed in the office and a new interview and questionnaire were applied 6 months after the procedure. Patients had rotator cuff injuries and underwent surgery via shoulder arthroscopy. Results: Of the 51 patients evaluated, most were female (58.82%). The average age was 53.75 years. The right dominant side was present in 86.27% and the side affected by the lesion was right in 50.98% of the cases. The main comorbidity was Diabetes Mellitus (9.80%) and the mechanism of non-traumatic injury occurred in 56.86% of the cases. The average preoperative UCLA questionnaire result was 15.65 and after 6 months of the procedure 30.03. Conclusion: This study concludes that shoulder arthroscopy for the repair of the rotator cuff injury presents good results regarding pain and function improvement, to the satisfaction of the patients.


the Union of South Africa in the province of Natal. They speak a language which, with modifications, is the lingua franca in many parts of the Union, particularly in the large urban centers. Although many Zulus work as migrant laborers in the towns and return to their homes for short spells during the year, there are many who live on the fringe of Western society with roots deep in the traditional way of life. This study is based on discussions with Zulu parents, children, and teachers in various parts of Natal on problems facing the teacher in a rapidly changing society. The data were collected during a three-year period of intensive field work among the Bidla tribe (an offshoot of the Zulu) in a rural African reserve area, Pholela, some forty-five miles from Pietermaritzburg,


Abstract. For most off-the-shelf cameras, the lens distortion is inevitable. An accurate template-based calibration method for the lens distortion of an area array digital camera is proposed. A checkerboard template is employed as a standard object in this method and only one image of the template is needed. The mapping relationship in distortion-free imaging is described by a homography matrix and the discrepancy between an observed image point and its ideal location is used to find the distortion center and distortion coefficients. It is straightforward and efficient. For distortion correction, it is known that applying a forward distortion model which transforms the ideal image coordinate (distortion-free) of an image point to its observed image coordinate (with distortion) in a calibration process makes the calibration much more accurate. However, in many cases, it is necessary to calculate the ideal image coordinates for some specified points from their observed image coordinates. Generally, it is often difficult to derive the inverse function of a complex forward distortion model. A distortion-table interpolation method is proposed to accomplish the transformation. Both computer simulation and real data are used to validate the proposed methods and good results are obtained.


The European Convention on Human Rights (the 'ECHR' or the 'Convention') has just turned 65 years old. During this time the ECHR and the European Court of Human Rights (the 'ECtHR' or the 'Court') have been at the forefront of human rights protection in Europe. Over the past 65 years the ECtHR has delivered over 18,000 judgements which led to significant reforms of the Contracting States' practice and legal systems. Nevertheless, the Strasbourg system is far from perfect. In recent years challenges to the legitimacy of the ECtHR have arisen and reforms have been and continue to be implemented to deal with the ever increasing workload of the Court.


This research aims to examine the effect of capital expenditure (CAPEX) and market share on profits per region in an Indonesian mobile telecommunications company. This research uses all regions (10) during the period 2009–2016 (8 years), resulting in 80 observations. The research uses a panel data regression model and shows that CAPEX and market share have a positive influence on profit. The company in the mobile telecommunications industry should consider the demand from the aspects of customer needs and the need to regularly update technology; therefore, the company should be more selective in making investments. The selection of the performance periods used plays a role in determining whether or not CAPEX has any effect on profit, as evidenced in the model using the t-1 and t-3 periods. CAPEX does not have an influence on profit in the t-1 period, whereas CAPEX does have a positive influence on profit in the t-3 period. Market share has a positive influence on profit. With a large market share, the company has strengths including economies of scale, market power, and quality management.


A four-step rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process is proposed in order to improve the throughput and stabilize the process, compared to the six-step RTA process. Effects of annealing on the properties of a structure mode of CMOS process in both cases were investigated. The implanted dopant (As, BF₂ and Ti/TiN) movement in silicon during different rapid thermal annealing conditions was studied using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) technique. These results show that the four-step RTA process significantly improves time effect and throughput (15%) by the condition of ramping up compared to the six-step RTA process.


To evaluate the performance of integrated prenatal screening (IPS) and first trimester combined screening (FTS) for trisomy 21 in a large Canadian urban center.


e24018 Background: The use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and polypharmacy are highly prevalent in older cancer patients and are recognized as potential risk factors for adverse outcomes during cancer treatment. With geriatric cases increasing steadily in India, there is a need for comprehensive studies to identify a reliable screening tool for the assessment of PIMs. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients ≥ 60 years who visited the Geriatric Oncology Clinic of the Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India between 2018-2021. Five tools (Beers-2015, STOPP and START-2014, PRISCUS-2010, FORTA-2018, and the EU (7)-PIM list-2015) were used to assess PIM. A standardized PIM value (SPV) was assigned for each patient for each scale which represented the ratio of the number of PIMs identified by a given scale to the total number of medications taken. The median SPV of all 5 scales for each patient was considered the reference standard. Agreement between each scale and the reference was carried out using Bland-Altman plots. The agreement was determined based on bias and the width of the limit of agreement. Association between categorical variables such as sex, comorbidities, and number of medications (above and below the median) and PIM use was determined using the chi-squared test. Results: 352 patients were included; median age - 70(range: 60-100) years, 287 (81.6%) were males. The bias and limit of agreement given by the Bland-Altman plot for each scale is shown in Table 1. The EU(7)-PIM list was found to have the least bias of 0.7% and the narrowest limits of agreement of 0.43 (-0.21 to 0.22). PIM use was observed to be significantly higher in patients with diabetes than without (83/281 versus 13/82, respectively, p = 0.013) and, patients prescribed with > 7 medications compared with ≤7 (137/281 versus 06/70, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The EU(7)-PIM list was found to have the least bias and thus considered the most reliable among all other scales in our study population. A high degree of discordance was observed between the tools, thus, we emphasize the need for future studies to identify the most reliable tool for the prediction of PIMs to aid clinical decision-making in geriatric practice.[Table: see text]


Molecular approaches have been increasingly used by community ecologists to study how community composition is influenced by evolution. This is why the field of phylogenetics has been a useful tool for understanding community composition. In this study I examined the phylogenetic relationship of tree species inside two plots and compared the mean phylogenetic distances between plots. My results showed a phylogenetic overdispersion effect between the tree species within plots and across plots. This suggests underlying non-random mechanisms of environmental filtering.


A ceramic coating steel heating cooking appliance and the manufacturing method thereof are provided to prevent the corrosion of steel by a conversion coating layer and to manufacture a heating cooking appliance having excellent corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance. In a ceramic coating steel heating cooking appliance(100) having a cooking portion made of steel(1), concavo-convex portions(2) are formed on the upper and lower sides of the steel, conversion coating layers(3, 3') are formed on the bottom of the concavo-convex portions and the outside of an upper cooking surface, and ceramic coating layers(4, 4') are piled on the conversion coating layers respectively.


Abstract The article examines Stalin's intelligence on the capitalist world, including materials from military archives, diplomatic archives, and Stalin's private papers. It explores how these materials were collected, interpreted and shaped by Stalin's prejudices. It concludes that, from the end of the Civil War to the Nazi invasion, Stalin and the Soviet leadership believed that the Soviet Union was under a nearly constant threat of invasion from shifting coalitions of capitalist powers. No such threat existed until the late 1930s, but Stalin's perceptions have important implications for our understanding of Soviet foreign and domestic politics in the interwar period.


The CDF Run II silicon detector is the largest operating detector of its kind in High Energy Physics, collecting pp¯ collision data at the Fermilab Tevatron since 2001. It provides precision tracking and vertexing which played a critical role in the Bs mixing discovery and is essential to the ongoing Higgs Boson search and many other physics analyses carried out at CDF. Due to the prolonged Tevatron Run II program the detector faces unforeseen challenges while operating well beyond its design parameters. Of particular concern is the radiation aging of the silicon sensors which are expected to acquire ∼10 fb−1 data, far above their design integrated luminosity of 2–3 fb−1. In this paper we discuss the impact of radiation damage to the sensors, their effect on the physics performance and expectations for future operations of the two inner layers, which have already inverted.


Digitalization strongly affects the economy and society as a whole in different dimensions. The process of digitalization of the Business Registers Agency, including the registration procedure of business entities, is one of the priority tasks aimed at increasing efficiency and economy as well as economic prosperity in general. Certainly, there is a prerequisite referring to the existence of digital literacy, which is not an isolated category, but rather a superstructure of earlier forms of literacy. It is undeniable that every innovation arises as a privilege of the higher social classes, which, by inertia, turns into a need of the others. In this paper, it has been analyzed the legislative framework of electronic registration of business entities. Starting from the point of view that economic growth, competitiveness on the market, and socio-economic development represent the nowadays necessity, the authors, through this paper, primarily try to define the achieved progress of the work of the Business Registers Agency (BRA) in registering business entities in the digitalization process. The quintessence of this work is the identification of the availability of digital tools for the registration of economic entities, as well as their quantification and qualification.


INSPECTION OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION SUGGESTS A NUMBER OF FUNCTIONS THAT SHOULD BE COVERED BY CONCRETE INSPECTION' /1/ INSPECTION AND APPROVAL OF BATCHING AND MIXING FACILITIES, /2/ CONTROL OF THE PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE MIXES, /3/ INSPECTING IN THE BATCH PLANT WHERE SIZE OF JOB OR TYPE OF CONCRETE WARRANTS IT, /4/ INSPECTION, TESTING, AND APPROVAL OF MATERIALS, /5/ INSPECTION OF FORMS AND FALSEWORK, EMBEDDED ITEMS, REINFORCING STEEL, AND OTHER ITEMS RELATED TO THE PRELIMINARIES BEFORE ACTUAL PLACEMENT OF THE CONCRETE, /6/ INSPECTION OF CONCRETE HANDLING AND PLACING EQUIPMENT SUCH AS BUCKETS, CHUTES, HOPPERS, VIBRATORS, AND PUMPS, /7/ INSPECTION OF THE ACTUAL PLACING AND HANDLING OF THE CONCRETE, INCLUDING CONSOLIDATION, FINISHING, CURING, PROTECTION, AND REPAIR, /8/ INSPECTION OF REMOVAL OF FORMS AND SHORING, /9/ PREPARING AND TESTING CONCRETE STRENGTH SPECIMENS, /10/ INSPECTION AT PRECASTING PLANTS FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AND SPECIAL PRECAST UNITS, AND /11/ PREPARING REPORTS COVERING ALL OF THESE INSPECTIONS AND TESTS. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THESE INSPECTION PROCEDURES IS A VERY COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT TIMING PROBLEM. GOOD, REALISTIC INSPECTION SPECIFICATIONS MUST BE DEFINED PROPERLY AND JUSTLY ADMINISTERED. REFERENCES' RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE INSPECTION, ACT COMMITTEE 311 REPORT.


The student feedback system is used to get student feedback about the staff through the web-based application. This Student Feedback System is used to determine whether students understand the teaching concepts or not, whether their performance is going well or poorly, and how they should direct their subsequent efforts. In this way, feedback is essential to scholars' learning and growth. Flask and MySQL technologies are used to develop this student feedback system. Flask is a web Framework used to develop the web application and MySQL is the Relational Database that is used to store the data and manipulate data. This student feedback system is very useful for schools and colleges to get staff feedback. Four characters are involved in this application. They are admin, hod, staff, and student, and then this application consists of the four important modules: the admin module, the hod module, the staff module, and the student module. The admin can add the HOD to each department, and the admin can view all the students' feedback. This process was managed by the Admin Module. The HOD can add the staff to their department, and the HOD can view only their department's student feedback. This process was managed by the HOD module. The Staff can add the students and only can view their feedback. They cannot see other staff's feedback. This process was managed by the Staff Module. Finally, Students can only provide feedback to their staff. This process was handled by the student module. These are all the four important modules and characteristics of this application


A phenomenological study about mathematical problem solving is described. Eight preservice mathematics teachers participated; six are studying to become teachers at elementary school -4 th to 6 th grades- and two at high school -7 th to 12 th grades-. The data was obtained through long interviews, problem solving sessions thinking out loud, and retrospective interviews immediately after the problem solving sessions. The objective of the long interviews was to determine the participants' beliefs and declarative knowledge about this topic. The objective of the problem solving sessions was to determine the type of representation, strategies, and control processes that the participants use when solving problems. During the retrospective interviews, the participants have the opportunity to reflect about their performance. These techniques gave the researchers a comprehensive description of the phenomenon and allowed to contrast the participants' beliefs against execution. The most frequent errors of the students when solving the problems are described and analyzed.


What is the Word of God (Verbum)? It is God Himself in His being for us, «in search of our Salvation», as distinct from the means of communicating this care, such as Scripture (vox Verbi). The word of God is defined as «Scripture united with Tradition» (DV 21), pointing out that it is with the latter, in its relation to the Church and its Magisterium, that is found the greatest theological gap. The Word of God can refer to the «sacramental presence" of Christ: in its «exterior sign» (sacramentum tantum), which is the Scripture as book and text; in its «interior sign» (res et sacramentum), which is Scripture as an «inspired» Book interpreted in the Church; and in its «ultimate reality» (res tantum), which is the «truth for our salvation» (DV 11), the final end of the Word of God.


ii Co-Authorship Statement iv Dedication v Acknowledgments vi List of Abbreviations xviii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Overview 1 1.1.1 Overall Aim 1 1.1.2 Objectives and Research Questions 1 1.2 Structure of the Thesis 3 References 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review 7 2.


Leonardo da Vinci's dream of a nibbio, or kite, a rapacious carrion bird, opening his mouth with its tail while he lay in the cradle, has been the subject of several psychoanalytical studies. The article is the first atempt to evaluate the dream within the larger context of the artist's interest in dreams and fantasies, as well as in bestiaries and fables. Many emblematic descriptions of kites wewre in Leonardo's possession, suggesting that the bird held personal significance for him. Some of the virtues symbolized by the kite, such as self-restraint and moderation, crop up in other contents, for example in the Portrait of a Lady with an Ermine (Czartoryski Collection, Krakow), and in his fables involving monkeys. Like the nibbio dream, these instances can be understood as Leonardo's reminders to himself of the need to exercise restraint in order to continue undistracted in his mission as a guide of art.


FIELD: computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: method involves normalization of complexity of corresponding large-scale units using three-dimensional complexity with respect to input image, calculation of sum of zero coefficients by performing discrete cosine-transform of input image and calculation of coefficients of discrete cosine-transform within range of -1+1, calculation of normalization value of zero coefficients for respective large-scale units according to sum of zero coefficients, calculation of transient weight function of respective large-scale units according to sum of zero coefficients and given compression rate, and adding complexity normalization value, normalization value of zero coefficients, and transient weight function in order to scaling coefficient. Sampling step in discrete cosine-transform is controlled in large-scale processing unit according to scaling coefficient. EFFECT: frames of images with alternating complexity are encoded for constant bit transmission rate without decrease in image quality. 11 cl, 8 dwg


Biomedical imaging for research and diagnostics increasingly requires the use of advanced optical imaging techniques. Imaging modalities include singleor multiphoton fluorescence spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and various kinds of Raman spectroscopies. These methods require the use of advanced laser sources that feature moderateto high-power pulses of picosecond or femtosecond duration, and which span a broad range of the visible and/or near-IR spectrum. Present-day laser systems that meet these criteria are typically bulky and sensitive, and require specialist operators and regular maintenance. The development of laser sources that are sufficiently robust and compact for operation by non-specialized staff in a clinical environment would make it possible to use these advanced optical imaging techniques for direct point-of-care analysis of biosamples, or even live patients. An example is diagnostics for skin cancer. Lasers are by nature restricted to emit light at frequencies that correspond to the optical transitions of the gain material. To broaden the laser wavelength range, we must resort to nonlinear optical wavelength conversion. For femtosecond operation, typical present-day systems use titanium-sapphire lasers that are subject to frequency conversion by optical parametric oscillators. These devices are based on free-space optical components, and are therefore highly sensitive to alignment and temperature fluctuations. A more robust alternative is ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber lasers, which are highly stable due to the tight confinement of light in the fiber core. Furthermore, it is possible to splice all the Yb-doped fibers together to form a monolithic optical system. The challenge is then to sustain and control Figure 1. Schematic of the monolithic laser system. LD: Pump diode. HR: Highly reflective mirror. WDM: Wavelength division multiplexer. Yb: Ytterbium. PM SC-PBG: Solid-core photonic bandgap fiber for dispersion control. PFC: Polarizing fiber coupler. PISO: Isolator. SESAM: Semiconductor saturable absorption mirror. CR: Cherenkov radiation. (a, b) Illustrations of cross sections of a hollow-core fiber and a non-linear photonic crystal fiber (PCF), respectively. (c) The output beam at different pump powers.


A low‐temperature‐grown GaAs interdigitated‐electrode photomixer is used to generate coherent power at microwave frequencies. An output power of 200 μW (−7 dBm) is generated by pumping the photomixer with two 70‐mW modes of a Ti:Al2O3 laser, separated in frequency by 200 MHz. This represents an optical‐to‐microwave conversion efficiency of 0.14%, which is within 50% of a prediction based on optical‐heterodyne theory. When two lasers are used and the frequency of one is tuned with respect to the other, the output frequency of the photomixer increases smoothly and the output power is nearly constant up to 20 GHz. At higher frequencies the power decays because of parasitic capacitance.


This paper attempts an approach in a critic way on the relationship between Hannah Arendt and Kant. To accomplish this I considered particularly two books of Arendt; On the revolution and The Life of the Mind . Considering these books I analyze the concepts of revolution, exemplarity, new beginning and Will in their variance with the original proposal of Kant.


This study analyzes a photonic ultrawideband pulse generator by using a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. A simple configuration capable of generating two popular types of ultrawideband pulse shape, Gaussian monocycle and doublet, is proposed. The generated ultrawideband pulses have very high quality, and the exact waveform is tunable with respect to parameter settings. By changing the time delay between two-path driving pulses applied to the upper and lower sub-Mach-Zehnder modulator of the dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, the generated ultrawideband pulses can be switched from Gaussian monocycle to doublet. The proposal is first analyzed and then validated by simulations. Results of the study demonstrate that it can offer a realistic solution to photonic ultrawideband pulse generation.


The main objective of this course, conducted by Jovenes Nucleares (Spanish Young Generation in Nuclear, JJNN), a non-profit organization that depends on the Spanish Nuclear Society (SNE) is to pass on basic knowledge about Science and Nuclear Technology to the general public, mostly students and introduce them to its most relevant points. The purposes of this course are to provide general information, to answer the most common questions about Nuclear Energy and to motivate the young students to start a career in nuclear. Therefore, it is directed mainly to high school and university students, but also to general people that wants to learn about the key issues of such an important matter in our society. Anybody could attend the course, as no specific scientific education is required. The course is done at least once a year, during the Annual Meeting of the Spanish Nuclear Society, which takes place in a different Spanish city each time. The course is done also to whichever university or institution that asks for it to JJNN, with the only limit of the presenter´s availability. The course is divided into the following chapters: Physical nuclear and radiation principles, Nuclear power plants, Nuclear safety, Nuclear fuel, Radioactive waste, Decommission of nuclear facilities, Future nuclear power plants, Other uses of nuclear technology, Nuclear energy, climate change and sustainable development. The course is divided into 15 minutes lessons on the above topics, imparted by young professionals, experts in the field that belongs either to the Spanish Young Generation in Nuclear, either to companies and institutions related with nuclear energy. At the end of the course, a 200 pages book with the contents of the course is handed to every member of the audience. This book is also distributed in other course editions at high schools and universities in order to promote the scientific dissemination of the Nuclear Technology. As an extra motivation, JJNN delivers a course certificate to the assistants. At the end of the last edition course, in Santiago de Compostela, the assistants were asked to provide a feedback about it. Some really interesting lessons were learned, that will be very useful to improve next editions of the course. As a general conclusion of the courses it can be said that many of the students that have assisted to the course have increased their motivation in the nuclear field, and hopefully it will help the young talents to choose the nuclear field to develop their careers


Milk is one of the essential products in the human diet, rich in nutritive components. The inter-specific differences of goat and cow milk composition clearly show that goat milk is rich in beneficial fatty acids content. The composition and fatty acids of milk is affected by various factors including stage of lactation. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate milk composition (fat, protein, lactose and total solid) and fatty acid profiles at different stages of lactation in the dairy goats. Milk yield and samples were obtained from 33 lactating Jamnapari crossbred goats, aged between 2 and 4 y, from a dairy goat farm. Does were fed with the same diet (cut fodder and soy wastes) throughout the lactation period. Milk samples were taken from each goat on 10-15, 42-63 and 98-112 d postpartum and named as early, mid, and late lactation stage, respectively. Milk samples were analysed to determine milk composition and fatty acids profile. Results revealed that milk yield was the highest (P 0.05) throughout this study. Low level of cholesterol-raising fatty acids in human nutrition known as myristic and palmatic acids were detected at early lactation stages (P<0.05) compared to mid and late lactation stages. However, the value of individual medium-chain triglycerides in particularly caproic and caprylic acids were also at low value (P<0.05) during early lactation stage. Oleic acid had a higher value at the beginning of lactation (P<0.05) until the mid-stage of lactation. The fat content which coincided with oleic acid was concentrated during early lactation stages with the expense of caproic and caprylic acids which were also beneficial in human nutrition. In conclusion, milk yield, composition and fatty acid profiles of Jamnapari goats were altered by the stage of lactation. Low levels of individual MCT, especially caprylic and capric acids, and including myristic and palmatic acids (long chain fatty acid) in goat milk during the early stage of lactation. The highest value of rumenic acid and the decrease in stearic and oleic acid levels in goat milk occurred during mid-stage of lactation.


Cuprizone intoxication is one of several animal models used to study demyelination and remyelination. Early treatment protocols exposed mice to cuprizone for 6 weeks to induce demyelination; however, more recent reports have varied exposure times from 4 to 5 weeks. The goal of this study was to determine the minimal exposure of cuprizone in C57BL/6 mice that would induce a pathology of robust demyelination and gliosis similar to that described for a 5‐ or 6‐week treatment. We found that an abbreviated insult of only 2 weeks of exposure to cuprizone induced significant demyelination 3 weeks later (5‐week time point) but was somewhat variable. Three weeks of exposure to cuprizone produced extensive demyelination by week 5, equivalent to that observed with 5 weeks of exposure. The depletion of mature oligodendrocytes, as well as microglia and astrocyte accumulation, showed trends similar to those with 5‐week exposure to cuprizone. Once mature oligodendrocytes are perturbed after a 3‐week treatment, the progression to demyelination occurs without requiring further exposure. Furthermore, the early removal of cuprizone did not accelerate remyelination, suggesting that other sequences of events must follow before repair can occur. Thus, a short, "hit and run" CNS insult triggers a cascade of events leading to demyelination 2–3 weeks later. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Language assessment literacy has been discussed by language assessment specialists since Davies' seminal 2008 article. Much of this discussion has focused on experts' opinions of what teachers know, do not know, and should know about assessment. This paper reports on a project which aimed to put teachers at the centre of the debate by exploring their attitudes to assessment and their assessment practices. Interviews, classroom observations with follow-up interviews, and focus group discussions were held with teachers based in the United Kingdom, France, and Spain. The teachers discussed their training in assessment and their attitudes towards it. Although many of them expressed a lack of confidence in their knowledge of the subject, the teachers we observed in fact successfully deployed a wide range of assessment techniques. However, they tended to characterize these as teaching activities and, therefore, part of good teaching practice. Testing and grading were viewed negatively.


With the height of highrise buildings increasing,the natural periods of the lower modes become longer,and the contribution of the second mode to wind-induced dynamic responses of the buildings increases.The contribution of the second mode was analyzed through a large number of illustrative examples.The calculated results indicate that the contribution of the second mode to the dynamic displacements of high-rise buildings in across-wind direction is rather small.However,its contribution to the acceleration of super-highrise buildings in across-wind direction can not be neglected.Therefore,the contribution of the second mode should be considered when the comfort analysis of wind-resistant super-highrise buildings is conducted.In addition,based on wind tunnel test data and random vibration theory,simplified empirical formulas for the evaluation of across-wind induced dynamic responses of rectangular tall buildings,were derived with the consideration of the second mode contribution.The comparison between the results estimated by the formulas and those obtained by complex integral calculations show that the errors between them are basically within 5% for all cases.Thus the formulas proposed in this paper are very acurate.


The parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of pork trichinosis, has long been a blemish on the U.S. public health record. Trichinosis remains a problem in the US. today, both as a threat to human health and as an expensive stigma on the US. pork industry. Progress in swine management since 1950 has improved the situation, but today the U.S. still has one of the highest rates of trichinosis among the industrialized nations. A promising method for rendering pork noninfectious for trichina is gamma irradiation. Extensive research on the irradiation of trichina-infected meat has indicated that the parasitic disease cycle could be effectively broken by relatively low levels of radiation. Most researchers agree that a dose of 0.3 kGy (30 krad) delivered to pork should render fresh pork trichina-safe. A program has been initiated to assess the potential benefit from a cesium-I 37-based pork irradiation program. This program includes the following elements: (1) research to verify the radiation control of trichinae under conditions that simulate the modern pork industry; (2) a logistic and economic feasibility study of a large-scale pork irradiation program; and (3) development of a pork irradiation demonstration facility.


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The article presents the basic lines of activity of Adyghe State University as the main educational and research center of Adygheya Republic.


We study the use of spike and slab priors for consistent estimation of the number of change points and their locations. Leveraging recent results in the variable selection literature, we show that an estimator based on spike and slab priors achieves optimal localization rate in the multiple offline change point detection problem. Based on this estimator, we propose a Bayesian change point detection method, which is one of the fastest Bayesian methodologies, and it is more robust to misspecification of the error terms than the competing methods. We demonstrate through empirical work the good performance of our approach vis-a-vis some state-of-the-art benchmarks.


Scholars of language policy and planning (LPP) have recently started using ethnographic and discourse-analytic methods. Examining the collaborative sense-making activity of language users can shed light on how they construct their version or versions of reality by using semiotic resources, creating intertextual links, and referring to language ideologies. This study investigates an under-researched area in LPP: spoken discourse in media talk, specifically in media involved in indigenous language revitalization in Hawaiʻi. Using audio recordings of Ka Leo Hawaiʻi (The Hawaiian Voice) broadcast from the 1970s for over 25 years, the study explores the multilingual practices of the hosts, the guests, and the call-in listeners of the translingual contact zone of this Hawaiian language radio show by analyzing these participants' metapragmatic comments on the use of English and their bivalent utterances.


Ocular fundus was examined by binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy in the operating room immediately following delivery of the lens in 56 cataract operations. Significant infoldings of the sclera, choroid, and retina were observed in 84% of eyes in which visualization of the fundus was satisfactory. These infoldings resembled the buckles of scleral buckling operations for retinal detachment. They were circumferential or radial or both. They could be made to flatten or disappear by external pressure on the anterior sclera or by injection of saline into the anterior chamber. When they disappeared, there was no evidence of choroidal detachment. The photographs and the data presented indicate that immediately after cataract extraction the ocular fundus develops no detachment of the choroid, but the fundus develops infoldings involving all three posterior coats of the globe.


This article assesses whether a culturally tailored diabetes prevention intervention improved the knowledge and changed the perception on diabetes, healthy eating, and physical activity among a group of Somali women in Mankato, South-central Minnesota. Five Somali women participated in all phases of the project which included educational and group discussion meetings. A mixed methods approach was utilized with data collected using pretest/posttest surveys and content analysis of focus group discussion. The average score for pretest surveys was 4.01 (SD=0.8) and for posttest survey 4.08 (SD=1.1) showing a slight overall change in diabetes knowledge and attitudes. Key themes emerged from the group discussions including: inadequate diabetes knowledge and attitudes prior to the intervention, inadequate knowledge of the risks of diabetes, lack of knowledge about the impact of lifestyle, diet, and exercise on diabetes risk, barriers to a healthy lifestyle, the value of group support, the benefits of a culturally tailored program, identifying readiness for change and intent to share knowledge with family and the community. While the quantitative findings cannot demonstrate a statistically significant change due to a small sample size, the qualitative data and project results have implications for health care providers and the design of education program, particularly the role that culturally tailored interventions may play in improving the health outcomes of culturally diverse populations.


Design of a generalized technique for medical image segmentation is a challenging task. Currently a number of approaches are being investigated for 2-D and 3-D medical image segmentation for diagnostic and research applications. The methodology used in this work is aimed at obtaining a generalized solution of non-convex optimization problems by including a structural constraint of mass or density and the concept of additivity properties of entropy to a recently developed statistical approach to clustering and classification. The original computationally intensive procedure is made more efficient both in processing time and accuracy by employing a new similarity parameter for generating the initial clusters that are updated by minimizing an energy function relating the image entropy and expected distortion. The application of the computationally intensive yet generalized solution to nonconvex optimization to a limited set of medical images has resulted in excellent segmentation when compared to other clustering based segmentation approaches. The addition of the parametric approach to determine the initial number of clusters allows significant reduction in processing time and better design of automated segmentation procedure. This research work generalizes a deterministic annealing i.e. a specific statistical approach to solve nonconvex optimization problems by developing a more efficient technique applicable to nonconvex optimization problems (getting trapped in local minima). However, the DA approach is extremely computationally intensive for applications such as image segmentation. The new integrated approach developed in this work allows this optimization technique to be used for medical image segmentation.


BACKGROUND AIM: To study on the susceptibility of two human-derived hepatic cell lines in evaluating DNA damage induced by 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone(MX). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using single cell gel electrophoresis assay, to evaluate the DNA damage induced by MX in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines(HepG2) and human fetal hepatocytes (L-02). RESULTS: MX could induce HepG2 and L-02 DNA single strand breaks at the concentrations of 30 and 100 μmol/L, respectively. The length of DNA migration induced by MX increased significantly in comparison to solvent control (DMSO) in a dose-response manner(P0.05). Moderate or greater DNA damages induced by MX in HepG2 were more serious than that of L-02(χ2=20.985;8.0;11.97,P0.05). CONCLUSION: HepG2 was more susceptible than L-02 cells to DNA damage induced by MX evaluated by using single cell gel electrophoresis assay.


Introduction. The quality maternal health care that women receive during pregnancy and delivery is important for the health of both the mother and the baby. However, most pregnant women do not receive the minimum number of antenatal care (ANC) services (at least 4 times during pregnancy) as recommended by the WHO. This article sought to identify the types of maternal health care services (MHCS) received by women during pregnancy and delivery and after childbirth and women's reasons for use and nonuse of MHCS. Methods. The study adopted the social survey design where 366 women were sampled using probability sampling technique. The data was collected through the use of questionnaire. Results. The study results revealed that some sociocultural factors such as age, religion, traditional belief system, education, and marital status influence women's use of MHCS in the Talensi District. In addition, factors such as women's National Health Insurance Scheme status, distance to health center, and attitude of health care professional determine their utilization of MHCS. To a large extent, these factors influence choice for traditional birth attendants over biomedically-based maternal health care services. Conclusion. The study recommended that there should be education for women on the need for them to utilize MHCS during pregnancy and delivery and after childbirth. Government should organize skill training for traditional birth attendants in the Talensi District.


A bidirectional three-level soft switching circuit topology is proposed and implemented for medium voltage applications such as 750 V dc light rail transit, high power converters, or dc microgrid systems. The studied converter is constructed with a three-level diode-clamp circuit topology with the advantage of low voltage rating on the high-voltage side and a full-bridge circuit topology with the advantage of a low current rating on the low-voltage side. Under the forward power flow operation, the three-level converter is operated to regulate load voltage. Under the reverse power flow operation, the full-bridge circuit is operated to control high-side voltage. The proposed LLC resonant circuit is adopted to achieve bidirectional power operation and zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The achievability of the studied bidirectional ZVS converter is established from the experiments.


A certain interest in medicinal plants has been reborn, even though the emphasis persists in research of synthetic compounds. These substances are potentially toxic, and are not free of side effects on the host. [1] This has urged microbiologists all over the world for formulation of new antimicrobial agents, and evaluation of the efficacy of natural plant products as the substitute for chemical antimicrobial agents. Alangium salviifolium Linn (Alangiaceae) is a small deciduous tree or shrub, which grows in the wild throughout the hotter parts of India. The major phytochemical constitutes of the plant are alangine A and B, alangicine, markindine, lamarckinine, and emetine. The root of Alangium salviifolium has been used in the Indian system of medicine as an acrid, diuretic, astringent and antidote for several poisons. The fruits (mucosa) of the plant are useful in treating burning sensation and haemorrhages. [4] However, no scientific evidence is available regarding its antimicrobial activity. An investigation of Alangium salviifolium as an antiinfective agent is the objective of our present study. The root of the plant was collected during May 1993 from Namakkal Dt. A specimen was deposited in the Rapinat Herbarium, St. Joseph's College; Tiruchirapalli. The shadow dried root was macerated overnight with solvents butanol and ethanol in a 1:5 drug:solvent ratio x 3. Exhaustive extraction with the solvent was carried out by the cold extraction procedure. The respective extracts thus obtained were evaporated to dryness, and stored in amber-colored storage vials at 4-5C until they were used for the experiment.


T hree-dimensional (3D) visualization provides essential information about the eye, including ocular volumes, ocular anatomical and structural relationships, and important insights into surgical planning. Previous methods using 3D visualization in ophthalmology involved the use of customized signal processing software to process image data from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans or fundus photography (Aaker et al. 2011). Currently, 3D visualization is limited to the use of two-dimensional (2D) computer screen displays. Threedimensional (3D) printing is a method that uses various materials, such as plastic or metal, that are deposited onto one another in layers to produce 3D objects (Schubert et al. 2014). Using 3D printing techniques, we can overcome the limitations of 2D displays by producing graspable 3D objects (Rengier et al. 2010). The stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing method, one of the popular 3D printing methods, produces layers by curing a photoreactive resin with an ultraviolet laser (Gross et al. 2014). In this study, we combined OCT data and SLA 3D printing techniques to produce solid tactile 3D models of the retinal surface of a patient with pathological epiretinal membrane (ERM) (Fig. 1). The macula of the patient's retina was imaged using spectral domain OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). We obtained 49 OCT images using the volume scanning mode in a 1:1 pixel scale mode as the X:Z ratio. The size of the images was 512 pixels (5.9 mm) by 496 pixels (1.9 mm), and the scan pattern size was 20° 9 20° (6.0 mm 9 6.0 mm). The distance between images was 122 lm. At the same time, we also obtained infrared images of the fundus. All of the


The sensitivity, time-varying response, and spatial sensitivity of four silicon detectors of vacuum UV were measured by passing a typical flux of 3 x 10 photons/s at the Lyman alpha line of 1215.7 A through an exit aperture of 0.55 mm x 0.8 mm. The detectors tested were: (1) a Fairchild FPM 200 silicon planar passivated photodiode with the window removed so that radiation could directly impinge on the center of the 1.0 mm square silicon chip, (2) a Fairchild FPM 100 silicon NPN planar passivated phototransistor, (3) the Hewlett-Packard 5082-4204 silicon planar PIN photodiode, and (4) the United Detector Technology PIN Spot/2 special sensitive silicon Schottky surface photodiode with the window removed.


From the identical relation sin 2α+cos 2α=1,some expressions can be obtained. By means of these expressions, the triangular problems can be changed into algebraic ones. In some cases, shortcut solutions can be obtained through the change.


HOW TO REFERENCE THIS ARTICLE: Silva ER, Hino P, Fernandes H. Sociodemographic characteristics of interpersonal violence associated with alcohol consumption. Cogitare Enferm. [Internet]. 2022 [accessed "insert day, monh and year"]; 27. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.77876. ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the sociodemographic profile of interpersonal violence associated with alcohol consumption in São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out through notifications of suspected or confirmed cases of interpersonal violence from the Notifiable Diseases Information System submitted between 2016 and 2019. Collection took place between March and June 2020. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed in the statistical analysis. Results: 27,775 notifications were obtained, whose prevalent profile was female victims (60.6%), aged between 20 and 34 years old (41.4%), brownor black-skinned (51%), and with complete high school (18.8%). Physical violence was more frequent (81.9%), perpetrated by an intimate partner (20.3%), motivated by sexism (9.9%) and generational conflict (11.2%). In sexual violence, rape prevailed with 69.4% and there was a low supply of emergency contraception methods (14.7%). Conclusion: the study contributes to reflections and subsidies in the planning of public policies to control the problem.


This paper examines the long and short-run interactions between stock prices and exchange rates in Nigeria, based on a sample, from February 1, 2001 to December 31, 2008. Three models were derived from the sample—the pre-crisis, crisis and basic models. The paper tests the time series properties of the series using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and the Philips and Perron (PP) tests. In addition, the Engle and Granger two-step and the Johansen and Juselius cointegration procedures are also applied. The empirical results show that all the series are I(1) and evidence of cointegration is established using the Johansen and Juselius methodology. Furthermore, causality tests reveal strong evidence of long-run bidirectional relationships between stock prices and exchange rates in the models. Policy-wise, the findings imply that the monetary authorities in Nigeria are not constrained to take stock market developments into account in achieving their exchange rate policy objectives, as established in the paper. It, therefore, recommends putting measures in place that would promote greater stability and efficiency of Nigeria's foreign exchange market.


Hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (PAAG), although not approved for use in the United States, has been used throughout the world as a permanent filler for aesthetic applications since the 1980s. Numerous articles and case reports have been published highlighting complications arising from its use. In this case report, we present a 54-year-old woman who presented for surgical consultation, requesting removal of previously injected polyacrylamide gel with subsequent silicone implant breast augmentation who experienced an acute reaction following attempted removal of the gel. This report reviews the current use, complications, and management of complications in patient's previously injected with PAAG.


the author considers the possibilities of using automated databases in order to establish the property that can be seized, to ensure compensation for the damage caused by the crime. The conclusion is justified that the use by the investigator of rapidly developing resources of various databases for identification of property that can be seized creates real guarantees of compensation for damage caused by the crime.


We describe the features of the gauge-fixed IIB superstring in adS5 × S5 background with RR 5-form. From a truncated boundary version of it we derive an analytic N = 2 off shell harmonic superspace of Yang-Mills theory.


A briefing was given to the instrumentation of the DDC—Ⅱ type digital compensation calorimetric system,for the lab simulation of the wort fermentation process.More descriptions were given to the self_made calorimetric vessel which was specially designed for the purpose,calibrations of the calorimeter were carried out with this reactor,the experiment results showed:the accuracy and sensitivity of the compensation calorimeter used in the experiment was high,instrument property was stable and reliable.The test on the reactor were taken for the aerating rate selection,the results showed that the medium could be aerated without affecting the heat monitoring