I had the privilege and good fortune to be one of the founding members of the Brief Family Therapy Center (BFTC) in Milwaukee, which was started by Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in l978. I left BFTC in l988, and have been practicing at ICF Consultants, Inc. in Milwaukee, a mental health agency that I own and operate with Marilyn J. Bonjean, Ed.D. In this article, I share some of the history of BFTC; the development of the original model we developed there, brief family therapy ; and how the model changed to solution-focused therapy . I also share my own clinical and theoretical reactions to our developing model and other developments in the field of therapy, as well as how these reactions influenced my personal way of practicing and teaching solution-focused therapy.


Abstract : CTXs are potent membrane perturbing agents that interact with phospholipase a2 (PLA2). The mode of action of snake venom CTXs in skeletal muscle seems similar to that in red blood cells. The CTXs do not cause a gross alteration in membrane permeability, but instead specifically alter membrane channels and cause transient elevations in free cytoplasmic Ca2+levels. How these events are related remains to be determined. It is not clear at this time what accounts for the differences in the sensitivity of erythrocytes and muscle to trace contamination of the CTX preparation with PLA2. Oddly, red blood cells with low levels of free fatty acid are more sensitive to CTX action. Yet exogenous addition of free fatty acids, or production of free fatty acids from red blood cell phospholipids treated with exogenously added PLA2 greatly increases the potency of CTXs. The CTXs themselves appear to exhibit fatty acid releasing activity that is most likely a combination of PLA1 and PLA2 activities. The CTXs most likely cause their effects through signal transduction, not internalization. Considerable work remains to understand the basic mechanism of action of CTX and the role of free fatty acids in that mechanism. (mjm)


Present state and the technical measures of BOF gas wet and dry cleaning proceses is introduced.Wet cleaning devices include Tower-Venturi wet dedusting device and the newly-developed BOF gas filter wet dedusting devices,with the former comprises the new generation Tower gas wet dedusting device,unattached spraying Tower-Venturi scrubbers gas wet dedusting device,and new unattached spraying Tower-Venturi scrubbers gas wet dedusting device.Techinial improvements of dry cleaning include BOF gas LT system and BOF gas high temperature filter dedusting system.


This study aims to know the influence of budgetary participation, and responsibility accounting to employee performance in Finance and Asset Management Body Area of the City of Balikpapan. Data collection is done by giving 40 copies of the questionnaire, but only 37 questionnaire which the data could be analyzed and processed. The questionnaire distributed to the respondents who was work in Finance and Asset Management Body Area of the City of Balikpapan. The research analysis data used SmartPLS. The result of this research showed that budgetary participation has significant positive impact influence to employee performance, and responsibility accounting has significant positive impact influence to employee performance. Keyword: Budgetary Participation, responsibility accounting, employee performance


T he United States has the world's most sophisticated intelligentsia, including the finest universities to spawn the very best ideas. Despite this advantage, however, it can be seized by absolutely foolish notions. The liberation of Iraq was one such idea. Many influential American policy-makers and opinion-makers believed that an army of primarily U.S. and European soldiers (perceived, no doubt, as ''Christian'' soldiers) marching into an Islamic land in the twenty-first century would be received with rose petals thrown at their military boots. The price that America has paid for this delusion has been a huge loss in lives and cash, and deep national divisions. The Iraqi people have suffered even more. America could well pay an equally heavy price for its latest delusion that the solution to the world's problems is to launch a ''League of Democracies'' to enable liberal democracies to work together to promote their values and interests. There can be no doubt that this idea will be disastrous. It will divide the world at the very time that a new global consensus needs to be created to address pressing global challenges: global warming, financial crises, epidemics, and nuclear proliferation, to name just a few. More dangerously, the 90 percent of the world's population who live outside the West will see this as a last-ditch effort by the West to continue to dominate world history, at a time when the era of Western domination is ending. 1 This idea will alienate precisely the populations that need to feel included in any global solution: the 1.3 billion Chinese and the 1.2 billion Muslims. So why are leading American minds advocating it? Senator John McCain has been a strong advocate of a league, and has said that such an organization


Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-1568 / Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumonia in adult patients; Going backwards or forward? " by: "M. Santoscoy1, M. M. Ruiz Ballesteros 2; 1distrito federal, df/MX, 2Distrito Federal/MX"


Under a grant from the Virginia Office of Highway Safety, the Charlottesville Police Department implemented a Driver's License and Sobriety Checkpoint Program from December 30, 1983 to December 31, 1984. During the period, 94 checkpoint operations were conducted. All have operated smoothly with no major incidents at a checkpoint site. 91% of the drivers arrested who have come to trial have been convicted of DWI. Three cases were challenged on constitutional (Fourth Amendent) grounds. In all three, the constitutionality of the checkpoints was upheld. Over 23,615 vehicles were stopped. Just over 1% of the drivers were arrested for driving under the influence, while an additional 1.6% of the drivers were given safety advisories. One hundred and forty-one drivers were cited for invalid or expired operator permits. A 13% reduction in alcohol-related accidents provided evidence that the checkpoint program was effective in reducing accidents due to impaired driving.


The acceleration mechanisms of ultra‐relativistic electrons (>∼5 MeV) have received more and more attention in the Van Allen Probes era. Both chorus waves and radial diffusion are considered capable of accelerating ultra‐relativistic electrons, and their roles in acceleration still under debate today. In this study, we present 3‐D simulations for evaluating the evolutions of ultra‐relativistic electron phase space density (PSD) during a weak storm on April 2017. Comparison of simulation results with observations suggests that local peaks in PSD profile of ultra‐relativistic electrons are generated by chorus waves, then smoothed and widened due to the transport of electrons from the peak to either side by radial diffusion. Chorus waves act dominantly in the acceleration of ultra‐relativistic electrons while radial diffusion assists. We also found that radial diffusion coefficient model of W. Liu et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067398) is more suitable and reasonable than model of Brautigam and Albert (2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA900344) for 3‐D simulation of ultra‐relativistic electrons. A more accurate radial diffusion coefficient model is vital and demanded for quantitatively evaluating the contribution of these two mechanisms for ultra‐relativistic electrons acceleration in the future.


Abstract This paper explores the consequences of mobility for those engaged in long-distance, high-speed travel. It reclaims the notion of jet lag and repositions it as the broader phenomenon of 'travel disorientation' which involves geographical dislocation, circadian disruption, psychological disorientation and cultural displacement. It is through this temporary disorientation that long-haul travellers experience heightened awareness to difference, increased capacity to witness and an inability to control physical and affective capabilities. The paper identifies the need to explore these provisional worlds of experience and to this end introduces the notion of 'the state' as a way to conceptualise the conditions that join us to and define our relations with the world.


We prove that for every homogeneous and strongly locally homogeneous separable metrizable space X there is a metrizable compactification γX of X such that, among other things, for all x, y ∈ X there is a homeomorphism f: γX → γX such that f(x) = y. This implies that X is a coset space of some separable metrizable topological group G.


Abstract The chiral conducting polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites [polyacrylic acid/polyaniline/(−) camphorsulphonic acid (CSA)] were synthesized using enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the aqueous buffer solution at pH 4.3. It appears that the enzyme HRP apart being a biocatalyst, plays an important role during the polymerization, which allows PANI to prefer a specific helical conformation whether the induced chirality in the monomer‐CSA complex is either by (+)CSA or (−)CSA. In this paper, we report, the structural characterization of these nanocomposites by solid‐state 13C cross‐polarization with magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR techniques. The structural features of PANI in the conducting form of nanocomposite (as‐synthesized) are similar to that of enzymatically and chemically synthesized PANI. Preliminary data also suggest that some portion of nanocomposite samples are not completely doped. Dedoping of as‐synthesized PANI nanocomposite with aqueous NH4OH shows the spectral features that of the emeraldine base form. Solid‐state 13C NMR data suggest that it is possible to detach PAA and CSA from PANI in the nanocomposite material.


Intrathecal administration of the calmodulin inhibitors W-7 and calmidazolium has been shown to produce analgesia in the rat formalin test. The pain intensity of both the first phase and the initial period of the second phase are antagonized by these drugs. We now further characterize the effect of intrathecal W-7 (1 μmol) on the second phase of the formalin test.

In a low-intensity formalin test (1% instead of the standard 2.5%), the analgesic effect of W-7 persisted throughout the second phase, showing that the analgesic effect is dependent on the intensity of noxious stimulation. In a standard formalin test, W-7 injected 5 min—but not 20 min—after formalin, reduces the intensity of the second phase.

Thus, W-7 directly blocks the induction of the second phase but does not modify its maintenance.


Objective:To study the diagnostic value of transforming growth factor-β1 and alpha-fetoproteinL3 combined examination in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Plasma level of TGFβ1 expression were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in patients with HCC,HCC high risk patients and healthy control,by using lectin affinity and immune electrophoresis to analyse alpha-fetoproteinL3(AFPL3) level.Results:The plasma TGFβ1 level in HCC patients was 2.31±1.28μg/L(mean±SD) and significantly higher(P0.05)than those in normal subjects(0.59±0.12μg/L),post-hepatic inflammation accompanied hepatic fibrosis(1.09±0.15μg/L),chronic hepatitis B with HCC family history(1.06±0.17μg/L),chronic hepatitis B group(1.05±0.16μg/L),the sensitivity and specificity of plasma TGFβ1 lever were 92.5%,95.0% in diagnosis of HCC with 1.2μg/L as normal up-limitation.The plasma AFPL3 level in HCC patients was(40.5±29.6)% and significantly higher(P0.05)than those in normal subjects(3.9±3.1)%,post hepatic inflammation accompanied hepatic fibrosis(10.1±5.8)%,chronic hepatitis B with HCC family history(9.5±6.6)%,chronic hepatitis B group(5.5±4.5)%.The sensitivity and specificity of plasma AFPL3 level were 87.5%,90.3% in diagnosis of HCC with AFPL315% as normal up-limitation.The combined positive rate in HCC patients was 65.0%,significantly higher than those in normal subjects 0.0%,post hepatic inflammation accompanied hepatic fibrosis 3.2%,chronic B hepatitis with HCC family history 0.0%,chronic B hepatitis group 0.0%.Conclusion:Transforming growth factor-β1 and alpha-fetoproteinL3 combined examination is of significantly diagnostic value in HCC.


Leisure is an essential recreation and part of life for human being. Game, represents to leisure, was recognized as socially and educationally wrong and waste thing. But today, game is becoming popular for various generation and recognizing bright prospective industry. Street has represented citizen's life style and urban character that is one of the important element to build urban. The purpose of this study is to suggest the prototype of Game street to enjoy game and cultural activities on the game street. In this study we tried to analyze physical way but also technical way for constructing and maintaining game street. Making a game street that able to contribute to citizen's cultural and recreational life has meaning that game fix healthy and develop as cultural industry.


Purifying capacity of constructed wetlands was used to conduct wastewater treatment,having the characteristics of smaller investment,simpler management,less costs of maintenance and operation,better treatment effect,saving energy and protecting environment,which presented a broad application prospects. This paper summarized wastewater treatment technology of constructed wetlands,and forecasted the research and application of constructed wetlands in our country.


A study on corrosion resistance of newly developed Q460qNH steel was carried out in laboratory by means of wet-dry alternated accelerated corrosion and electro-chemical tests,and the steel was compared with high strength bridge steel Q460q and SPA-H weathering steel with superior corrosion resistance.The mechanism of corrosion resistance of tested steels was analyzed.The results show that the corrosion resistance of Q460qNH steel was the same as that of SPA-H weathering steel,and superior to that of the ordinary Q460q steel.The small amount of Cu,Cr and Ni content could improve the corrosion resistance of the tested steel.


The X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) has revolutionized X-ray science, enhancing the peak X-ray brightness by ten orders of magnitude. XFELs share many properties of conventional lasers, such as high-intensity, transverse coherence and the possibility to generate ultrashort pulses.


The American legal system seeks justice through the adversarial process. The adversarial process, by its very nature, tends to highly polarize ideas. At times psychiatrists who testify as expert witnesses in court or similar settings have been perceived in the popular, legal and medical literature as either deficient in knowledge or to have knowingly behaved in an unethical manner to advance the cause of the party who hired them.(1-6) Sometimes these perceptions are not accurate. Other times they are true. This paper attempts to outline the problem and discuss possible solutions. In an initial report on peer review of forensic testimony (7), the American Psychiatric Association's Council on Psychiatry and Law made the following observations: 1. Critiques of forensic psychiatric testimony focus on two issues: The lack of competence of the expert (failing to understand legal issues or deficiencies in knowledge or communication skills), and unethical conduct. The first issue can be remedied by education and training, the second might require punitive sanctions. 2. The legal system alone cannot evaluate the quality of psychiatry testimony, particularly its content. Selfregulation by forensic psychiatrists could be more effective. 3. Peer review of psychiatry testimony is a promising approach to improving its quality. The experience of the Council members in actually doing peer review has convinced them of its value. 4. The primary goal of peer review is the education of the person reviewed. 5. Consensus is possible among reviewers, and even if there is no consensus, the reviewers' deliberations have educative value for the person reviewed. 6. Only completed cases, in which all records are in the public domain, should be considered. 7. If unethical conduct is noted, procedures will, in the future, have to be developed to deal with it. 8. A number of organizations, including departments of psychiatry, district branches of the APA, and licensing organizations, may wish to do peer review. 9. The initial focus should be on voluntary, not mandatory review. Issues of possible liability of reviewers, protecting confidentiality and cost, will have to be considered in future discussions.


Exogenous environmental estrogens can mimic endogenous estrogens in several ways. After entering the bodies, they may interfere with the normal function of organisms and produce some toxic effects on organisms. The genomic effects of estrogens are mainly mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) in cell nucleus, such as ERα and ERβ; while the non ̄genomic effects of estrogens are mediated by a mechanism independent of the classical genom ̄ ic pathway of estrogen action, which generally involves membrane ̄associated estrogen receptors. Recently, re ̄ searchers have discovered that G protein ̄coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), a membrane estrogen receptor dif ̄ ferent from the nuclear ERs, alone can mediate the effects on cells or organisms induced by estrogens. However, re ̄ garding the mechanism of GPER1 mediated estrogenic effects it is still illusive. In this review, the research progress of GPER1 was discussed in details including the discovery, and properties, as well as its mediated estrogenic effects 第 1 期 刘帅等:G 蛋白偶联雌激素受体 1 介导的环境雌激素效应研究进展 53 and the related pathways.


After some years of development, a new fuel management distributed system has been proposed by a European Research Project. The system is based on new smart components connected via a fieldbus. All components have the same microcontroller with the same control code. The smart components are valves, pumps, and sensors. A laboratory physical simulator has been implemented, to support the development of the control code. The simulator includes scaled tanks and pipes, and smart components. Fuel management functions can be reproduced, and the fieldbus behavior can be monitored. In parallel, a computer simulation has been developed, using two interconnected computers. One of the computers simulates the physical plant: fuel, tanks, valves, pumps, etc. The other computer simulates in realtime the microcontroller network. Both computers are connected via analog signals, the same signals as in the laboratory physical simulator. Now computers and physical simulator can be mixed, by switching the origin of signals, form computer or from physical plant. In this way, malfunctions and problems can be studied with non destructive tests. The paper describes the research context, and focus on the development and functionality of the hardware in the loop simulation.


Tracing its origins back to the great Somerled, Raymond Campbell Paterson charts the steady ascent of Clan Donald to the zenith of its power in the 15th century, when the Lords of the Isles controlled much of the Hebrides, as well as extensive parts of the mainland, including the vast earldom of Ross. So powerful had the clan become that it was even able to challenge the authority of the Scottish Crown at the Battles of Harlaw and Inverlochy and plan to partition Scotland with Edward IV of England.Pride was followed by destruction, and James IV finally deposed the last Lord of the Isles in 1493. But under the chiefs of Clanranald, Glengarry, Sleat, Keppoch, Dunyveg and Glencoe, the various branches of the clan. Large and small, continued for many years to fight for their own independence and the independence of the old Gaelic world. The former enemies of the house of Stewart, they ended among the last of its defenders. Long vanished as a territorial power, the past glory of Clan Donald continues to be remembered to this very day.


Robotic Sensing
Many seemingly simple manual tasks require the ability to detect force direction as well as magnitude. Boutry et al. developed an electronic skin inspired by human skin and nature. Tiny pyramids, similar to hill-like structures in human skin, were arranged in spirals, like the center of a sunflower. These microstructures enabled the sensor array to differentiate pressure applied perpendicularly from pressure applied at an angle—a key feature for dexterity. The pressure information was used to interrupt automatic movement of a robotic arm. The robot was able to touch a fresh raspberry and reverse motion quickly enough to avoid damaging the fruit.

Sci. Robot. 3 , eaau6914 (2018).


We apply various topological methods to distinguish connected components of moduli spaces of complete Riemannian metrics of nonnegative sectional curvature on open manifolds. The new geometric ingredient is that souls of nearby nonnegatively curved metrics are ambiently isotopic.


Until 1956 all applicants for retired-worker benefits under the social security program were required to be at least age 65. The 1956 amendments to the Social Security Act provided that women workers retiring at age 62 could receive actuarially reduced benefits. Benefits at a reduced rate were made available by the 1961 amendments to men retiring as early as age 62. The 195.6 amendments also lowered to 62 the minimum age for receipt of benefits for the wives (with amount reduced), the widows, and the female parents of insured workers. The 1961 amendments authorized reduced benefits for dependent husbands on reaching age 62. The 1965 amendments made it possible for widows to elect to receive a reduced benefit at age 60. The reduced benefit is calculated by determining the full benefit amount and reducing that rate by a specified percentage called the actuarial reduction factor. The reduction continues in effect after age 65 for a retired worker or a wife and after age 62 for a widow unless the rates are raised by a general benefit rate increase. The reduced benefit for a retired worker who became entitled in or before 1972 is equal to the regular benefit the retired worker would have received at age 65reduced by 5/9 of 1 percent for each month of entitlement before age 65. For a wife the reduced benefit equals the wife's regular benefit (half the worker's unreduced benefit) reduced by 25/36 of 1 percent for each month of entitlement before age 65. For a widow the reduced benefit, if claimed before age 62, equals the widow's regular benefit (82.5 percent of her deceased husband's unreduced benefit) reduced by 5/9 of 1 percent for each entitlement month before age 62.l At age 65 for a retired worker or wife and at age 62 for a widow, the benefit records are reexamined to determine the number of months since the month of entitlement for which no full payments were made.


We report a patient with intracoital vaginal rupture two months after a hysterectomy. The case was managed successfully by simple suturing of the vaginal vault.


The importance and contribution made by small and micro-sized enterprises (SMEs) in an economy has attracted widespread attention from researchers from the time small business research gained significant momentum in the early. Proper management o f a company's human resources is key to business survival in today's world. Human capacity building can be particularly important for small firms. The need for human capacity building for SMEs in Kenya is o f great significance if we are to increase the performance and growth o f SMEs and at the same time reduce inefficiency, low productivity and the rate o f failures o f small firm. The overall objective o f the study was to evaluate the impact of human capacity building on performance o f Small and Medium Enterprises. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: (i) to establish the current human capacity building approaches used by SMEs in Kisumu; and (ii) to establish the impact o f human capacity building on the performance o f SMEs in Kisumu. A survey was undertaken. The target population was drawn from the 7012 businesses that are licensed by the Municipal Council o f Kisumu o f which 80 percent are SME's (Kisumu Municipal Office, Sept, 2010). The sample consisted of 320 respondents selected from owners and staff o f SMEs in Kisumu municipality. Primary data was collected from the proprietors/managers o f the SMEs with the aid o f semi-structured structured questionnaires. Data pertaining to the objectives o f the study was analyzed using descriptive statistics, which includes measures o f central tendency, measures o f variability and measures o f frequency


Superdistribution and other peer-to-peer (P2P) distribution schemes like sharing or rental offer a flexible and user-friendly way to distribute digital content. However, the parties involved have different interests (e.g. user privacy vs. license enforcement) that should be reflected in the underlying security architecture. We identify characteristic P2P scenarios and demonstrate how these can be realised by applying a few basic licensing operations. We then present a security architecture to realise these basic license operations (1) in a generalised fashion and (2) employing the ARM TrustZone technology, which will be used in many future mobile platforms. Further, we extend existing superdistribution schemes for offline application, allowing a mobile peer to access superdistributed content without the need to first contact the actual licenser.


The Ontology-based Test Case Management System has been developed to maximize the use of Semantic Technology in representing and processing individual test cases for automate and reuse purpose. Effective and efficient use of test cases is desirable of any testing process. In order to achieve this an automated test case management system that is 'knowledgeable' is needed, where concepts and terms related to testing are important to support automated reasoning about test cases as well as for promoting common understanding among software testing practitioners involved. This thesis presents an ontology-based approach for test case management that leverages on the emerging semantic technology for developing its knowledge component. Under this approach individual test cases are structured in such a way that the important attributes, metadata, as well as linkages to related software artefacts and software testing ontology are all captured and represented using Semantic Web languages. The software testing ontology is constructed using a software testing glossary that is based on IEEE Standard as a basis. As a proof of concept an ontology-based test case management system has been developed based on this approach with the incorporation of novel features such as Automated Information Extraction and Test Case Semantic Search. The Semantic Software Testing Case Management System is found to be useful in representing and managing the Well-Structure Test Case. The thesis also discusses how the system has been validated against its objectives and argues for some perceived benefits it can bring to software testing environments.


The altitude dependence of the 14 C production rate is simulated by Geant4 using the cosmic primary proton spectra between 10 Mev and 1 TeV at the solar maximum and minimum. The simulation results indicated that the modulation at the troposphere is independent to the latitude but at the stratosphere it depends on the latitude.


33 Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva is predominantly a disease of the elderly, where the mainstay 34 of treatment is radical surgery. Local vulval recurrence (LVR) is a significant problem for these 35 patients, and the rates of recurrence have not improved over the last three decades. Disappointingly, 36 we still lack an understanding of how LVRs develop and the best approach to prevent and manage 37 the condition. This review discusses recent insights into the key prognostic factors that influence the 38 risk of recurrence, focusing on the role of tumour-adjacent non-neoplastic epithelial disorders, 39 which are thought to play a causative role. . is the mainstay of treatment for VSCC, with the of depending on a number of factors that include: the size of the tumour; its location and proximity to vital organs; fitness to tolerate major 48 surgery; FIGO stage; and wishes of the patient. Recurrent disease is common following primary treatment in VSCC with more than half of the cases recur locally involving the vulvoperineal area 2 3


This paper deals with the history of urban taxation in XVIIth century Castile through an study focused on Madrid. During the XVIIth century the Castilian cities granted many monetary aids ("servicios") to the Crown (part I). This drove the expansion of urban indebtedness and the introduction of new indirect taxes in most Castilian cities, which exerted an important, although far from overwhelming, influence on the rise of price levels and the simultaneous fall of real wages in Madrid and, presumibly, other Castilian cities (part II). In return for these "servicios", the Crown transferred Madrid most of the "servicios de millones" levied in the capital and this reduced the capacity of the Royal Treasury to increase its revenues in the long term (part III).


A dynamic simulation model of a hybrid solar gas-turbine power plant has been developed, allowing determination of its thermodynamic and economic performance. In order to examine optimum gas-turbin ...


In spite of the fact that miniaturised plastic gears for power transmission are widely used in many technical fields today, dimensioning for them has not been standardised, and there is little known literature on the subject. This paper shows the geometric features and specialised performance characteristics of these gears. Meshing behaviour, tooth deformation, flank pressure, and tooth root stress will be calculated as functions of tolerance, load, and possible profile modifications. Furthermore, points will be made regarding transmission and friction behaviour. From this analysis, recommendations about the design of such gear pairs will be made. Index Terms – plastic gear, miniaturized, FEM, power transmission


Introduction. Reinforcement methods, which are mainly used in domestic practice to strengthen metal structures, based on adding an additional section to metal elements by bolting or welding them. These methods, of course, are reliable and effective, but they cannot always be applied when it is necessary to preserve not only the building as a whole, but also its original internal and external appearance. Moreover, metal elements increase the stress on the structure and the building as a whole and are susceptible to corrosion and fatigue. There are often cases when it is difficult to fix a reinforcement element to the main structure, both from a technological and constructive point of view. In these situations, it becomes necessary to reinforce metal structures with high-strength materials with low weight and high manufacturability. Among the various strategies for reinforcing structures, bonding of high-strength composite carbon materials (FRP — Fiber-reinforced polymer) is becoming more and more popular in the world, especially for reinforced concrete structures, although application to metal structures is also quite common in Europe. But it should be noted that in Ukraine, unfortunately, this material is not yet widely used to strengthen metal structures. Problem Statement. The restoration of metal structures becomes necessary every time there are design, manufacturing or construction errors. Strengthening is also necessary in cases of long-term operation of buildings without timely maintenance and major repairs, insufficient strength of structural materials, as well as changes in weather conditions and current regulatory documents in Ukraine. So there is a need to strengthen metal structures with the most effective methods, both from the point of view of the reliability of building structures and from the point of view of profitability, which is influenced by the long shutdown of enterprises and the halt of the production process to carry out reconstruction work. Purpose. Investigate a modern method of reinforcing metal structures using high-strength carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials in order to increase the bending capacity of a metal structural element, in particular, to check the reliability of adhesion of a metal beam to a reinforcing layer of TM «Mapei» composite material, which is glued using epoxy-based glue. Methods of research. Experimental testing of metal I-beams reinforced with external reinforcement by gluing high-strength carbon-based material (CFRP) TM «Mapei» by means of a static concentrated load in the middle of the beam span. Results. By analyzing the results of the experimental test, data were obtained indicating that after the inclusion of the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer in the operation, the percentage decrease in vertical deflection at a load of 75 kN was 39.5 %, and the value of the prmissible load, taking into account the stiffness condition (checking of building structures the established conditions of limiting deflections), increased by 11.8 %. When testing the phenomena of delamination of the composite from the base was not detected. Conclusions. Reinforcement of steel beams with a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer material led to a decrease in element deformations and, as a consequence, to the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity. An experimental test confirms the theoretical calculations to maximize the bearing capacity of a metal beam using the fibre-reinforced polymer material. A significant effect from the reinforcement of metal structures with composite materials can be achieved when strengthening the building structures of large-span buildings and structures, when reinforcing by traditional methods, they require complex design solutions, high labor costs, stopping the production process to perform reinforcement work, when the weight of the reinforcing structure is often significant.


ABSTRACT The Archaean crustal evolution of the northern São Francisco Craton (SFC) reveals significant similarity with Kaapvaal-Zimbabwe and Pilbara, cratons, especially before 3.0 Ga. Likewise, compiled geochronological and Nd-Sr-Hf isotope data suggest that the Archaean blocks of the northern part of SFC (e.g. Gavião, Uauá and Serrinha) shared similar crustal evolution since 3.15 Ga. The 3.42–3.35 Ga TTGs of the southern and western Gavião Block have negative and slightly positive ɛNd(t) and ɛHf(t) values and TDM(Hf) ages between 3.50 and 3.90 Ga, indicating that they were produced by partial melting of Eoarchaean to Palaeoarchaean crust, with minor mantle sources. The ca. 3.30 Ga high-silica plutonic-volcanic system, which is related to intraplate magmatism and intracrustal differentiation processes, would represent processes of continental rifting and break-up. In the northern Gavião Block, the 3.64 Ga migmatite-gneiss paleosomes with negative ɛHf(t), 176Hf/177Hf ratio between 0.2802 and 0.2805 and TDM(Hf) ages between 3.75 and 4.15 Ga of the Mairi Complex represent the oldest dated rocks of the whole São Francisco Craton, suggesting late Hadean and Eoarchaean sources. The 3.15 and 3.00 Ga rocks of the Serrinha Block have positive ɛNd(t) values, suggesting a predominant juvenile source. Likewise, coeval 3.15 and 3.00 Ga Uauá Block rock assemblage has slightly positive to negative ɛNd(t) values, which indicate mixing of crustal and juvenile sources. The 2.90 to 2.77 Ga period in the SFC is characterized by pervasive crustal anatexis with high-K granite generation, similar to Kaapvaal and Pilbara cratons. Therefore, Archaean migmatite-gneiss terrains recorded four crustal differentiation intervals (e.g. 3.66–3.51, 3.45–3.30, 3.15–3.00 and 2.90–2.77 Ga) in the São Francisco Craton.


The purpose of this study was to find a basic theory about Korean traditional planting pattern by analyzing a characteristic of planting and planted species in Haein, Tongdo and Songkwang Temples. The results are as follows. The planted species in three-treasure temples were 129 taxa; 57 families, 96 genera, 110 species, 12 varieties and 7 forma. The species related in Buddhism were Viburnum sargentii for. sterile, Hydrangea macrophylla for. otaksa and Musa basjoo. They are related in plant form and Buddhist ceremony. The results of forms were 34.1% in trees, 33.3% in shrubs, 3.9% in vine and 28.7% in herbage. The results of leaf fall were 56 taxa in broad-leaved deciduous trees, 27 taxa in broad-leaved evergreen trees and 14 taxa in needle-leaved evergreen trees. The native species were 32 taxa in Haein Temple, 27 taxa in Tongdo Temple and 44 taxa in Songkwang Temple. And the exotic species were 20 taxa, 28 taxa and 44 taxain the Haein, Tongdo and Songkwang Temples, respectively. In the results of analyzing the characteristics of planting, in the case of Haein Temple, Abies holophylla was linearly planted in Yiljumun, and Magnolia denudata was single planted in plant stairs of Haetalmun. In the case of plant stairs of Jeokmukdang, Cephalotaxus koreana was planted at regular intervals. In the case of Tongdo Temple, Celtis sinensis, Zelkova serrata and so forth were planted in Yiljumun, and Phyllostachys nigra was planted in form of screen planting in Youngsanjeon. The form of Hwanghwagak was a planting of symmetry in the center of a building, and the one of Daekwangmyyeongjeon was a mixed planting. The regular planting pattern was not shown in Yiljumun of Songkwang Temple. In the case of Dosungdang, Corunus officinalis was linearly planted in the west. In the case of Gwaneumjeon, Juniperus chinensis var. globosa and Camellia japonica were planted in symmetry. The old aged trees were planted in front of specimens planted in front of Daewoongbojeon.


Background: Lipodystrophy is the most common complication of insulin injection that has not been studied yet in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in Isfahan. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of insulin injection-induced lipodystrophy based on related risk factors in children and adolescents with T1DM. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children and adolescents aged less than 18 years with T1DM who referred to the endocrinology clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, in 2019 were enrolled. The baseline, anthropometric, and T1DM-related characteristics of the patients were recorded. Lipodystrophy was diagnosed by clinical examination. The characteristics of patients with and without lipodystrophy were compared. The association between lipodystrophy and disease-related factors was investigated. Results: In this study, 194 patients with T1DM (88 boys and 106 girls) aged 3 to 18 years were evaluated. Lipodystrophy was diagnosed in 91 patients (46.9%), of which 64 patients (33%) had grade 1, 24 patients (12.4%) had grade 2, and 3 patients (1.5%) had grade 3 lipodystrophy. There was a significant difference in the frequency of lipodystrophy based on age, BMI, patient education, parent education, insulin injection site, duration of diabetes, injection site change, needle change, insulin dose, HbA1c, and hypoglycemia (P<0.05). Regression analysis indicated that there is a significant association between the presence of lipodystrophy and HbA1c (P<0.001, t=7.20), insulin dose (P<0.001, t=4.47), BMI (P<0.001, t= -3.78) and duration of T1DM (P=0.002, t=3.15). Conclusions: In this study, we reported a high prevalence of lipodystrophy among T1DM patients in Isfahan. From the studied risk factors, duration of diabetes, lower BMI, using a high dose of insulin, and uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c>7) were the most important risk factors for lipodystrophy.


It seems but natural for physicists to ponder on the dramatic possibilities of using nuclear power to operate a rocket propulsion plant. It is possible, without trespassing on classified information in any way, to reach some interesting and perhaps melancholy conclusions, merely by the use of elementary and well‐disseminated ideas.


In order to assess the extent to which chemical properties of organic horizons support their differentiation on the basis of morphological characteristics, as used in the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), a total of 265 samples of organic horizons (including L, F, H, Of, Om and Oh) were analyzed for 26 chemical properties (organic and inorganic). One-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and tests of normality were used to select variables for canonical variates analysis (CVA). The results of CVA indicated that the six types of horizon could be distinguished by a combination of chemical properties, and that the grouped upland (L-F-H) horizons could be distinguished from the grouped wetland (Of-Om-Oh) horizons. The results provided support for the present usage in the CSSC, based on field morphology. It was concluded that there remained a need to improve definitions, to review designations, and to develop quantitative diagnostic criteria for organic horizons. Some problems in the clas...


Conducting metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and Al-doped ZnO have been used for application in transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs), but they are not suitable for flexible transparent electrodes due to their brittleness. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are one of the most promising alternatives to conducting metal oxides because of their high electrical conductivity and superior ductility, which are essential criteria for flexible optoelectronics. In order to develop high-temperature resistant flexible electrodes, we combined colorless polyimide (CPI) as a backbone matrix substrate with the AgNW network. In this work, we firstly demonstrate the hybrid transparent electrodes of AgNWs-embedded CPI encapsulated by a ZnO layer (ZnO/AgNWs-embedded CPI) via KOH treatment based chemical modification of the CPI film. The ZnO/AgNWs-embedded CPI substrate exhibited a low sheet resistance of 24 Ω sq−1 while maintaining a high optical transparency of 81%. More importantly, the hybrid transparent electrodes exhibited superior thermal stability (heat treatment for 24 hours at 230 °C) with negligible conductivity decay and outstanding bending stability (stable for 10 000 bending cycles). ZnO/AgNWs-embedded CPI showed relatively low roughness (RMS, 9.6 nm) compared with non-embedded AgNWs on CPI (RMS, 82 nm). Embedding of AgNWs on top of the CPI film offers a good potential for application in flexible TCEs with thermal stability.


In this research,the technique of immuno-gold localization of endogenous auxin was investigated with walnut and poplar.The main and key steps such as fixation,dying slides,immunostaining were improved.The results show that the main points of the improved methods which is suitable for woody plants were urea together with trypsin treatment and BSA(bovine serum albumin) added in digestion in order to unmask the antigens of tissue sections and increase the sensitivity.This procedure was successfully applied to localize the distribution of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) in walnut embryo and during rhizogenesis of poplar shoots.The results showed that during the rhizogenesis of poplar tender shoots,IAA was mainly distributed in cambium and the vascular bundle and in the embryo of walnut,the high density of silver particles was found in radicle and plumule,the signal in radicle was semi-circularity shape and in plumule was "" shape.The research reveals that compared with traditional procedure of immuno-staining,the improved methods have characters of high sensitivity,strong speciality,obvious silver paricles and clear backgroud.


Background People with renal disease develop a dyslipidemia that contributes to progression of renal injury and development of cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteins in dogs with renal disease have not been investigated. Hypothesis Dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dyslipidemia characterized by increased lower density lipoproteins and decreased high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs). The degree of dyslipidemia is positively correlated with severity of disease, as reflected by serum creatinine concentration. Animals Prospective study of client‐owned dogs presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals: 29 dogs with confirmed CKD, 5 dogs with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and 12 healthy control dogs presented for routine vaccinations, dental cleaning, or owned by students. Methods Lipoprotein electrophoresis was used to quantify relative proportions of the 3 main classes of lipoproteins in canine serum: low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL. Serum cholesterol and creatinine concentrations; urinalysis and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were measured by standard methods. Results Dyslipidemia was consistently found in dogs with CKD and NS and was characterized by a decrease in HDL and variable increases in LDL and VLDL. Dogs with NS had a proportionately greater increase in the VLDL fraction, as compared with dogs with CKD. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Dyslipidemia similar to that documented in people with renal disease occurs in dogs with CKD, despite serum cholesterol concentrations often being within the reference interval. The contribution of altered lipoproteins to the pathogenesis of renal disease in dogs warrants additional study.


Does opposition to immigration mostly stem from prejudice or from sociotropic concerns about broad economic and cultural implications on the nation as a whole? Previous work on immigration preferences cannot answer this question because the two explanations are observationally equivalent when focusing on the attitudes of natives. I analyze a unique survey experiment that asks both natives and immigrants of various origins to evaluate different profiles of visa applicants to the Netherlands. The experiment also assigns an "ingroup treatment"—applications by individuals of the same ethnocultural background as the respondent. Using this rich data, I show that sociotropic concerns are the major source of immigration preferences, while ethnic biases play a moderate role. Remarkably, the ingroup treatment has limited effects on admission. However, bias against specific immigrant groups is detected in preferences of immigrant respondents and of those who sympathize with the far-right Freedom Party.


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The increased world's attention to foreign language studies facilitates the development and improvement of its study system in higher education institutions. Such a system takes into account and promptly responds to the demands of today's multicultural society. All should start with the transformation and modernization of the higher education system. This system includes the introduction of innovative technologies in the study of English and German, which should be focused on the modern demands of the world labor market. All this has determined the relevance of the research. This article aims to establish ways for students to gain automatic recognition skills through subtitling Ukrainian-English and Ukrainian-German publicistic movies and series. The first assessment of new language audio and video corpus was developed at the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, using an automatic subtitling mechanism to improve linguistics students' recognition and understanding of oral speech. The skills and abilities that improved during the work with the educational movie corpus have been identified.


The authors present a control system architecture for mobile robots able to execute missions specified by a user and having reactivity and error recovery capacities. The architecture is based on three types of entities: modules that accomplish basic computations on data from sensors; processes that establish dynamic links between perception and action to achieve closed-loop behavior; and functional units providing specific functionalities. These modules are organized hierarchically and are considered to be the robot's resources. The authors introduce and discuss a generic control system structure, which is based on a decomposition of its functions mainly into an executive for managing robot resources and a surveillance manager for detecting and reacting to asynchronous events. The control system enables the robot to execute missions (plans) expressed in a command language. Several running examples are given.<<ETX>>


This paper focuses on the challenges faced when building a data warehouse dealing primarily with scientific or engineering data. Successfully applying data warehousing concepts to an engineering-specific database poses some challenges which vary from the usual textbook examples. This, coupled with the introduction of a new database technology (data warehouse), into a large organization with a mature set of users raised an interesting set of challenges. Some of these are highlighted and discussed using the E&P data warehouse at Saudi Aramco as a case study. Sophisticated as it may be, it is a relational database and contains normalized data structures to mainly support day to day operations and reporting needs. It does not lend itself easily to analytical processing. Business is constantly changing. New technologies are being applied as to how exploration for oil and gas is conducted, how the wells are drilled, maintained, and produced and how the reservoirs are managed. These changes must also be reflected in the applications supporting these business functions. Over the decades, we have seen many changes in the IT technologies used to implement software systems. This is also true for the underlying database technologies. With business changing rapidly, asset managers were asking increasingly complex questions. The information was becoming harder to obtain from a relational database. Managers wanted their answers quicker, in order to make the right decisions. Support staff was getting busier and finding it impossible to keep pace with the requests.


Single-mode lasing is demonstrated in an electrically injected coupled microring arrangement at telecommunication wavelengths by exploiting the unique physics associated with parity-time-symmetry.


Introduction Traditional therapy for anisometropic amblyopia often fails when severe anisometropia is present. Recent advances in refractive surgery for anisometropic amblyopia suggest that surgical treatment may be a viable alternative in certain situations. Methods The potential indications for refractive surgery for anisometropia, the different refractive procedures available, and the risks and benefits of each procedure are discussed. Results The most reasonable indication at present is severe anisometropia that is nonresponsive to conventional therapy. The risks, though rare, of PRK and LASEK are corneal haze and regression of refractive correction, and risks of LASIK are keratectasia, flap loss, flap tear, or buttonhole, and regression of refractive correction. Conclusions Surgical interventions now exist that have value in the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia. Randomized clinical trails are needed in order to optimally evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of these treatments.


A cluster analysis was conducted to preliminarily screen the physical ability index and stress feature index from the hormones measured in this study, and the alterations of the indexes in intensity training of elite female judoists were discussed. Results showed that the intensity training affected alterations of physical ability indexes, including LH, TT, T/C and PRL, and the stress feature indexes, including EN, ACTH, �� -END and C. The results suggested that in intensity training, alterations of physical capacity were affected by several factors, such as endocrine indexes.


The reaction of arylacetylenes with trimethylsilyl cyanide (1)in the presence of a palladium complex resulted in addition of (1) across the carbon–carbon triple bond with high regio- and stereo-selectivity to give β-cyano-β-arylalkenylsilanes.


The paper introduces a new model selection criterion which based on the k-fold cross-validation under the unknown variance and known variance respectively.The new criterion can obtain maximum likelihood estimate of optimal model and at the same time avoid the large prediction error.Based on the criterion,the optimal polynomial model of gyroscope temperature drift is set up.The performance of the new criterion is compared with AIC and MDL through Monte Carlo numerical simulations.The result shows that the criterion has a more effective performance than AIC and MDL in small sample.


This paper compiles and analyzes bluff body stabilized flame blowoff data from the literature. Many of these studies contain semi-empirical blowoff correlations that are, in essence, Damkohler number correlations of their data. This paper re-analyzes these data, utilizing various Damkohler number correlations based upon detailed kinetic modeling for determining chemical time scales. While the results from this compilation are similar to that deduced from many earlier studies, it demonstrates that a rather comprehensive data set taken over a large range of conditions can be correlated from "first-principles" based calculations that do not rely on empirical fits or adjustable constants (e.g., global activation energy or pressure exponents). The paper then discusses the implications of these results on understanding of blowoff. Near blowoff flames experience local extinction of the flame sheet, manifested as "holes" that form and convect downstream. However, local extinction is distinct from blowoff — in fact, under certain conditions the flame can apparently persist indefinitely with certain levels of local extinction. We hypothesize that simple Damkohler number correlations contain the essential physics describing this first stage of blowoff; i.e., they are correlations for the conditions where local extinction on the flame begins, but do not fundamentally describe the ultimate blowoff condition itself. However, such correlations are reasonably successful in correlating blowoff limits because the ultimate blowoff event appears to be correlated to some extent to the onset of this first stage.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


— Health information dissemination is one of the importance agendas on the public health sector. The effectivity on the way the health information was spread out plays a crucial-aspects on health habits on the society. In the case of stunting, right and concise information dissemination is very important to educate the citizen on how to prevent stunting in a proper-ways as early as possible. On the social media platform including Instagram, the stunting information dissemination was representing with a campaign employed the usage of #CegahStunting hashtags. This article was tried to reveals how that campaign is going on so far, especially from the content preserved to the society related to stunting and its preventions. In this research, a large number of social media posts data from Instagram during 2018 and 2019 was collected for experimental purposes. Content analysis was then used as an approach for analyzing the collected data. We employed a computational-programs to performed content analysis task over the large Instagram post data containing #CegahStunting hashtags. From the results, we can gather the dominant and also complimentary topics related to that the #CegahStunting campaign on Instagram.


Currently, control of medical procedures is of great importance. Proper use of control charts to monitor the performance of medical procedures can improve performance and prevent unanticipated mortality and reversed consequences. When the data includes information for patients with specific risk factors, the use of control charts alone does not work and needs to be risk-adjusted. Using a logistic regression model, this paper develops the risk-adjusted Bernoulli cumulative sum control chart to estimate the probability of mortality rate according to defined risk factors. The data used in this paper has been collected for real patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To validate the proposed model, ANOS has been used.


Diamond-like carbon(DLC) films exhibit excellent characters,such as high hardness,low friction,chemical inertness and biocompartibility.The performance of magnesium alloy can be improved by DLC film on the Mg substrate.The wear and corrosion resistance of DLC coatings on the Mg substrate using different techniques are reviewed,and also the medical foreground of DLC films on magnesium alloy is prospected.Moreover,it is predicted that DLC film on the Mg substrate will be a prospective direction for the surface treatments.


To the problem that the fuel consuming and the flexible appendage deployment induce the parameter uncertainty of the dynamic model of flelxible spacecraft,the robust controller of uncertain TS fuzzy systems is designed to control the slew maneuvering of flexible spacecraft.The TS fuzzy region model is developed from the uncertain TS fuzzy model,where the fuzzy region controller is derived by using PDC concept.The stability of the fuzzy system is analyzed via the piecewise Lyapunov approach.The dynamic equations of flexible spacecraft are described as uncertain TS fuzzy model,where the fuzzy region controller is obtained.Numerical simulations show that the rotational maneuver and vibration suppression are accomplished in spite of parameter uncertainty.


How to optimize the quality of the truss so that the truss meets the load-bearing requirements has always been a key issue of research. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) and finite element analysis (FEA) based optimization method is proposed for the size and topology of a space truss. According to the results of space truss, four kinds of components are divided and their cross-sectional areas are optimized respectively. The coded value on the chromosome in GA is used to represent the truss topology, and the adjacent value represents the adjacent truss structure. The nodal displacement and member stress of the truss are solved by finite element method to ensure the safety of the truss. All work is done using python.


Graph grammars (or graph transformation systems), originally introduced as a generalization of string grammars, can be seen as a powerful formalism for the specification of concurrent and distributed systems, which properly extends Petri nets. The idea is that the state of a distributed system can be naturally represented (at a suitable level of abstraction) as a graph and local state transformations can be expressed as production applications. With the aim of consolidating the foundations of the concurrency theory for graph transformation systems, the thesis extends to this more general setting some fundamental approaches to the semantics coming from Petri net theory. More specifically, focusing on the so-called double pushout (dpo) algebraic approach to graph rewriting, the thesis provides graph transformation systems with truly concurrent semantics based on (concatenable) processes and on a Winskel's style unfolding construction, as well as with more abstract semantics based on event structures and domains. The first part of the thesis studies two generalizations of Petri nets, already known in the literature, which reveal a close relationship with graph transformation systems, namely contextual nets (also called nets with read, activator or test arcs) and inhibitor nets (or nets with inhibitor arcs). Extending Winskel's seminal work on safe nets, the truly concurrent semantics of contextual nets is given via a chain of coreflections leading from the category of contextual nets to the category of finitary coherent prime algebraic domains. A basic role is played by asymmetric event structures, which generalize prime event structures by allowing a non-symmetric conflict relation. The work is then generalized to inhibitor nets, where, due to the non-monotonicity of the enabling, the causal structure of computations is far more complex, and a new, very general, notion of event structure, called inhibitor event structure, is needed to faithfully describe them. The second part of the thesis, relying on the conceptual basis drawn in the first part, focuses on graph grammars. Inhibitor event structures turn out to be expressive enough to model graph grammar computations, and the theory developed for contextual and inhibitor nets, comprising the unfolding and the (concatenable) process semantics, can be lifted to graph grammars. The developed semantics is shown to to be consistent also with the classical theory of concurrency for dpo graph grammars relying on shift-equivalence.


Conclusion The rise in blood pressure occurring during the inhalation of 6.2% oxygen for 3 minutes increases in proportion to the fall of blood sugar obtained after intravenous injection of large doses of insulin in dogs. Intravenous injection of glucose which offsets to a certain extent the hypoglycemia induced by insulin diminishes the blood pressure response to oxygen deficiency.


We read with interest the letter by Baccarani et al., who reported the outcomes after liver transplantation for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive patients at their center in Italy. In contrast to our series, they observed no cases of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) among 32 HIV-positive liver transplant recipients. Vascular complications included 2 early hepatic artery stenoses (within 30 days) successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting, 1 early portal vein thrombosis (day þ1) successfully treated by surgical thrombectomy, and 1 late hepatic vein stenosis (6 months after transplantation) successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting; the overall incidence was 12.5%. The overall vascular complication rate does seem to be higher than normal in their series. From a review of the literature, it is clear that recipients with HIV are prothrombotic, and this feature progresses with their HIV disease. The disease severity of HIV may, therefore, influence the likelihood of thrombotic complications. In addition, 1 of our cases presented with HAT 18 years after transplantation and 6 years after the diagnosis of HIV; this reinforces the idea. Therefore, it strikes us that the identification of stenosis and their protocol-driven antithrombotic prophylaxis therapy may have prevented HAT, and we have adopted a similar practice at our center. Therefore, in contrast to Baccarani et al.'s conclusion, we believe that these results from Italy add to (rather than detract from) the accumulating evidence showing that these patients are prothrombotic. In fact, these results appear to suggest that our earlier recommendations are appropriate and effective. Further information from other centers on this issue would be fascinating and no doubt shed more light.


Differential neutron-scattering cross sections of elemental uranium and thorium are measured from {approx} 4.5 to 10.0 MeV in steps of {approx} 0.5 MeV. Forty or more differential values are obtained at each incident energy, distributed between {approx} 17{degree} and 160{degree}. Scattered-neutron resolutions are carefully defined to encompass contributions from the first four members of the ground-state rotational band (0{sup 2} g.s., 2{sup +}, 4{sup +} and 6{sup +} states). The experimental results are interpreted in the context of coupled-channels rotational models, and comparisons made with the respective ENDF/B-VI evaluated files. These comparisons suggest some modifications of the ENDF/B-VI {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th evaluations.


Introduction: For several years we have been developing a 3D Global Climate Model (GCM) for Mars derived from the models used on Earth for weather forecasting or climate changes studies [1]. The purpose of such a project is ambitious: we wish to build a 'Mars simulator' based only on physical equations, with no tailor-made forcing, but able to reproduce all the available observations of the Martian climate (temperatures, winds, but also clouds, dust, ices, chemical species, etc...).
The GCM is constantly evolving, thanks to a contnuous collaboration between several teams based in France (LMD, SA), the UK (The Open University, University of Oxford) and Spain (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia), and with the support of ESA and CNES.
We are currently working on an improved version of the model. Several new parametrisation are included in the heart of the model (radiative transfer, surface and subsurface processes, dynamics) and the applications of the GCM are in contnuous development (Water, dust, CO2, radon cycles, photochemistry, thermosphere, ionosphere, etc...)


The problem of optimal consumption/investment and option pricing for maximizing the expected consumption utility in an incomplete market was studied.Under the assumption that the underlying asset is non-traded and follows a mean-reverting process,we obtained the optimal consumption and investment strategy,together with a partial differential equation for the European option pricing by stochastic dynamic programming and consumption utility indifference pricing principle.Numerical examples were presented.The results indicate that risk aversion will decrease option price,which changes with time but also depends on the mean reverting level under such model,i.e.according to two different cases the option price may increase or decrease with time respectively.


I have always worried about the inexorable march of time, and all too soon that march turned into Marvell's winged chariot.


The objective of this work was carried out with to investigate the profile of the pH during the coffee degumming process under different handling procedures. The study was done in coffee farms in the Southwest Region of Bahia State, Brazil, on July and August 2005, using the species Coffea arabica L., Catuai Amarelo. A randomized entirely experimental design was adopted, with three repetitions, in factorial outline 2x2x6 (with and without change of water of the medium degumming, with and without revolving of the medium degumming, in six time periods). In the treatments in which there was change of water of the drum (vessel) the revolving of the medium degumming caused a reduction in the values of pH, though this reduction was significant in farms 2 and 3. In treatments in which was not made the revolving of the medium, it was observed that the pH values of the medium degumming in farms 1 and 2 did not reduce significantly from 12 hours, as for the treatment in which was done the change of water of the drum, as in which the change of water was not done. However, in farm 3, it was observed a reduction in the medium pH until 24 hours, however in the end of the process this reduction was more pronounced in the treatment which there was no change of water of the drum.


Mangroves have significant social, economic, environmental, and ecological values but they are under threat due to human activities. An accurate map of mangrove species distribution is required to effectively conserve mangrove ecosystem. This study evaluates the synergy of WorldView-3 (WV-3) spectral bands and high return density LiDAR-derived elevation metrics for classifying seven species in mangrove habitat in Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong, China. A recursive feature elimination algorithm was carried out to identify important spectral bands and LiDAR (Airborne Light Detection and Ranging) metrics whilst appropriate spatial resolution for pixel-based classification was investigated for discriminating different mangrove species. Two classifiers, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) were compared. The results indicated that the combination of 2 m resolution WV-3 and LiDAR data yielded the best overall accuracy of 0.88 by SVM classifier comparing with WV-3 (0.72) and LiDAR (0.79). Important features were identified as green (510–581 nm), red edge (705–745 nm), red (630–690 nm), yellow (585–625 nm), NIR (770–895 nm) bands of WV-3, and LiDAR metrics relevant to canopy height (e.g., canopy height model), canopy shape (e.g., canopy relief ratio), and the variation of height (e.g., variation and standard deviation of height). LiDAR features contributed more information than spectral features. The significance of this study is that a mangrove species distribution map with satisfactory accuracy can be acquired by the proposed classification scheme. Meanwhile, with LiDAR data, vertical stratification of mangrove forests in Mai Po was firstly mapped, which is significant to bio-parameter estimation and ecosystem service evaluation in future studies.


Objective To explore the postoperative observation and nursing of double intervention therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma accompanying hypersplenism Methods The nursing of 32 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma accompanying hypersplenism who received hepatic arterial embolization combined with partial splenic embolization surgery was reviewed.Adverse events and nursing experience were summarized.Results All patients had varying degrees of fever,abdominal pain,nausea,vomiting and other side effects.The tumor size was reduced,and white blood cells and platelets were increased to varying degrees.Hypersplenism was improved after treatment,and no case of serious complications occurred.All 32 patients were improved and discharged.Conclusion Nurses must be familiar with the postoperative side effects and complications in double interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma accompanying hypersplenism,closely observe the progression disease,and take positive and effective nursing measures to reduce the postoperative side effects and avoid serious complications.Only through these measures can we improve surgery outcomes,promote the rehabilitation of patients,and raise quality of life and survival rate.


The author discusses the idea o f a constitution o f intercultural behaviour from a phenomenological and hermeneutical point o f view. In his opinion, the historical tradition o f philosophical thought has already developed intercultural elements. The question arises as to whether interculturality is only one aspect o f the contemporary cynical annihilation o f the word or, on the contrary, if it offers a different comprehension o f human exi-stence, a way to escape from nihilism. The author's reply stresses the possibility o f a hermeneutical constitution o f intercultural sense, connected with a possible future European dialogue as a way o f mutual understanding within one culture and among different cultures.


When two pre-existing European respiratory societies (the Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respoiratoriae (SEPCR) and the European Society of Pneumology (SEP)) merged 20 years ago to form the European Respiratory Society (ERS) 1, the Thoracic Surgery Assembly was established within the new Society. The foundation of our Assembly was the result of founder pneumologists' and thoracic surgeons' conviction of the need for collaboration between these two medical specialties. Such collaboration occurs in everyday work and, indeed, our community is enriched when our efforts are combined to form a wider spectrum of scientific knowledge 2.

In preparation for this Editorial, we conducted an informal survey of colleagues from different countries and from teaching, research and clinical backgrounds in thoracic surgery, and asked them how the specialty is considered, taught and organised in their country. We asked about training in thoracic surgery (whether there is a specific training programme, whether training is provided after general surgery or combined with cardiac surgery, and how trainees can enter residency programmes), working in the specialty at a professional level (time taken to gain a position after the residency period, excess or lack of specialists, and possible conflict with other surgical specialties), and finally about national and European scientific societies (whether they are only for general thoracic surgeons or shared with other specialties like pneumology, general surgery or cardiac surgery).

As a result of our colleagues' responses, we can separate thoracic surgery in Europe into three different categories: Northern Europe (including Scandinavia, Germany, the UK and France); Eastern Europe (Russia and the Newly Independent States); Southern Europe (including Spain, Italy, Serbia and Greece). Each category has distinct features in terms of training, performance and collaboration in thoracic surgery, as follows.

Northern Europe: In Northern Europe, training in thoracic surgery is combined with cardiac surgery (with …


UML collaboration diagrams represent the structure relationship and interactive behavior of the objects involving in a collaboration of the software system,whether they are correctly implemented or not could be validated by integration testing.An approach is proposed to generate integration test cases based on UML collaboration diagrams.It takes a collaboration diagram as the test model,it identifies all the scenario paths in the diagram which represents use case realization by traversing the direct successors of each message.It selects and traverses each scenario path to get the method call sequence,path condition and parameters.It applies category partition method to generate rational combination of input parameters,environmental conditions,as well as the corresponding output and method call sequence,to form a test case for each scenario path.This method,combines white-box and black-box test method to generate fewer test cases to test the gray-box behavior,as well as to cover all the integration requirements.


The objective of this work was to determine the most adequate nitrogen dose in order to maximize fertilization profitability in six maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) under subsurface drip-irrigation. Six different hybrids were studied (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6) and four different nitrogen doses were applied (0; 60; 120; 180 kg ha). This experiment took place during the crop season from November 2016 to March 2017 on an experimental field area at ESALQ-USP, in Piracicaba – SP. The experiment was set in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (6 x 4) with four replicates. The financial analysis was based on marginal costs and revenues of fertilization compared to control treatment. The analysis was carried considering inputs needs for fertilization and average costs for machinery and workforce of nitrogen application. The nitrogen fertilization had a significant influence (p˂0.05) on marginal profit per hectare; the highest profitability was obtained at dosage of 180 kg ha for hybrids 2, 3, 4 and 6, and at dosage of 120 kg ha for hybrids 1 and 5. Profit increase was also significant (p˂0.05) and had the best results were found for H6 and H2 with an increase of 2649.15 and 2633.79 R$ ha, respectively, compared to H5 and H1 444.03 and 498.91 R$ ha, respectively.


Self-interested agents produce information in an attempt to convince a principal to act on their behalf. Agents provide less informative evidence than the principal prefers since doing so maximizes the probability the principal acts in their favor. If the principal faces constraints that limit the number of agents whose proposals she can support, then agents produce more-accurate evidence as they compete for priority. Under reasonable conditions, the principal is better off when her capacity to act is limited.


Determining the intended sense of words in text -- word sense disambiguation (WSD) -- is a long-standing problem in natural language processing. In this paper, we present WSD algorithms which use neural network language models to achieve state-of-the-art precision. Each of these methods learns to disambiguate word senses using only a set of word senses, a few example sentences for each sense taken from a licensed lexicon, and a large unlabeled text corpus. We classify based on cosine similarity of vectors derived from the contexts in unlabeled query and labeled example sentences. We demonstrate state-of-the-art results when using the WordNet sense inventory, and significantly better than baseline performance using the New Oxford American Dictionary inventory. The best performance was achieved by combining an LSTM language model with graph label propagation.


Under the new curriculum background,how to cultivate high-quality teachers to coincide to basic education reform is the primary task.Different characteristics between normal biological educations at home and abroad were analyzed combined with educational reform and practice in our college,to provide references for normal biological education.


In this communication we present an UWB hexagonal modified antenna with GPS band integration (Global Positioning System 1.57GHz) and upper WLAN rejection (wireless local area network 5.8GHz). The GPS band is integrated in ultra-wideband (UWB) design when the regular broadband design is charged by multiple inverted L-shaped stubs with different size and position. To avoid the exist UWB systems interference with this antenna, the upper WLAN of 5.72–5.825 GHz is rejected by loading a novel like Y-shaped slot within the radiating hexagonal element. The bandwidths of the proposed antenna are 1.3 GHz–1.6 GHz for GPS and 3.5 GHz–10 GHz for UWB except the range of unwanted WLAN band (5.72 GHz–5.825 GHz). Both the CST microwave and HFSS 3-D EM solver are used for the simulations to validate against the obtained results. Obviously, the radiation patterns of the presented antenna are still similar to the bidirectional radiation pattern at the middle frequency bands with little fluctuation in the upper bands. The antenna gain is acceptable over both GPS and UWB bands. In the band rejected regions, the gain minimized about 4 dBi at 5.75GHz from its normal value.


The objective of this experiment was to extract alfalfa leaf protein by direct fermentation method and to measure the number of lactobacillus and the effects of time and temperature of fermentation on extraction rate of alfalfa leaf protein.Base on the single factors experiment,it also optimizes the technique with three factors and four levels orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the influencing sequence is as follows:temperature of fermentnumber of lactobacillusferment time.The optimum parameters like this each milliliter alfalfa juice inoculates lactobacillus's number is 107,which is fermented for 8 hours under 34℃ without oxygen.The direct fermentation method provided a theorectical base for production practice.


The study was carried out on a continuously stocked grass/white clover pasture, which was maintained at two sward heights: 3·5 cm (low; LSH) and 6·5 cm (high; HSH). Three oesophageal-cannulated and three other rumen-cannulated Merino sheep were allocated to each of the plots (LSH and HSH) in order to study the effects of sward height and advancing grazing season on rumen fermentation in grazing sheep. Three grazing periods (13 days) were considered: mid June, late July and early October. During each grazing period and after a preliminary period (7 days), samples of the grazed herbage and of grass hay were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of each sheep for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. On days 10 and 12 rumen fluid was sampled at the incubation time (11.00 h) and at 3, 6 and 12 h afterwards and pH, ammonia-nitrogen and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were determined. Sward height did not affect ( P > 0·05) the degradation rate of dry matter (DM) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) from grazed herbage in any of the considered periods. Animals grazing LSH presented higher ( P P P > 0·05) observed during October. Sward height did not affect ( P > 0·05) grass hay DMED and NDFED during July but during June and October HSH grazing sheep presented higher ( P P


The paper designs digital oscillograph based on ARM.First,it introduces SAMSUNG S3C44B0X characteristic and usage.S3C44B0X is a kind of ABC level ARM chip of SAMSUNG.It has characteristics of low power,many inner module and easy use.Secondly,it has characteristics of low power,many inner module and easy use,it introduces the hardware design procedures being a form′s turn,gives a software structural drawing.The small volume,tight weight,strong function and high reliability are achieved.


(Ga,Al)As lasers were employed to optically machine a series of 1‐μm‐diam holes in 200–300‐A‐thick films of tellurium on polymethylmethacrylate substrates at repetition rates as high as 10 MHz. By modulating the hole repetition frequency, limited bandwidth video signals were successfully recorded. The hole machining was accomplished with lasers which operated in fundamental transverse and lateral mode at high pulsed power (typically greater than 150 mW), in conjunction with a high‐collection‐efficiency focusing system. The lasers were operated at low (⩽20%) duty cycle in order to minimize internal heating. The hole sizes obtained and the repetition rates achieved are appropriate for a high‐density optical recording system.


Significant tornadoes (defined as EF-2 or greater) in the United States have been well documented (Grazulis, 1993). Nocturnal tornadoes account for approximately 26% of U.S. tornadoes, and nearly 43% of U.S. tornado related fatalities (Ashley 2007). United States tornado climatology studies depict a regional maximum of tornado reports over the Great Plains states (Brooks et al. 2003), but a relatively low temporal frequency of nocturnal tornadoes compared to the late afternoon hours (Kelly et al. 1978). This paper is intended to heighten awareness of several ingredients that are associated with nocturnal tornadoes in the Great Plains.


The error in medical fee count is inevitable as that in all other subjects or fields.Our citizen and government should give a reasonable tolerance.Its developing management is still the establishment of Chinese reimbursement system of DRG(diagnosis-related group)according to the budget based on our clinic pathway.


Coal combustion remains the primary source of thermal power generation, contributing to approximately half of China's electricity supply. As China strives towards the goals of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", the issue of carbon emissions ascends to critical importance in the thermal power industry. The delicate balance between preserving electricity production capacity and curbing carbon emissions presents a considerable challenge to thermal power enterprise management. This paper models the incentive and organizational dilemmas arising from these conflicting tasks in thermal power generation enterprises, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of single-agent and multi-agent systems. Two practical scenarios are examined: (1) the "Two Mountains" theory propounded by the Chinese government, which attaches equal importance to thermal power production and carbon emission control, and (2) the 2022 Chinese summer electricity crisis, in which thermal power production takes on a dominant role. Through comparative static analysis of both single-agent and multi-agent models under these circumstances, this study concludes that, in the first scenario, the multi-agent model outperforms the single-agent model by enhancing agent effort levels and bolstering government revenue. However, when power supply emerges as the chief concern of thermal power enterprises, centralized management of a single-agent is more effective.


During the society's transform at ion period, many new contents and forms of contradictions among people have appe ared which may threaten the stability, unity and transformation of society, so s ome effective measures should be taken to settle contradictions among people. S ettlin Contradictions among people must depend on political civilization constru ctions. It is because:One, contradictions among people are led by the unciviliza tion of politicality; Second, Implementing pocitical civilization may settle the contradictions among people effectly. There are three things to do on construct ions of political civilization:One, cultivating modern political consciousness; Second, establishing scientific and rational po litical behavior pattern; Third, perfecting political system.


This guide provides links to a number of research sources and course guides for students in the Robert D. Clark Honors College. Sources for finding current newspapers and magazines.


BACKGROUND
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is a public health problem. This meta-analysis reviewed the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection among infants.

METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies on clinical features of infants with SARS-CoV-2 published before May 1, 2022. Two authors screened and extracted data on the number of infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical features, and number of clinical features. The proportion of asymptomatic infection, mild symptoms, moderate symptoms, severe symptoms, and the clinical features were analyzed.

RESULTS
Forty-four studies with 6,304 infants with SARS-CoV-2 infections were included in this study. The proportion of asymptomatic infection was 20% (95% CI: 11-28%, I2 =97%, P<0.01) in infants with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The proportion of infants with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms was 48% (95% CI: 30-65%, I2 =96%, P<0.01), 27% (95% CI: 10-44%, I2 =93%, P<0.01), and 8% (95% CI: 0-16%, I2 =90%, P<0.01), respectively. Notably, the most common clinical features of infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection were fever (64%), cough (34%), and nasal symptoms (31%).

CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis found that 20% of infants with SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic, while most infants with COVID-19 presented with mild symptoms.


In Spanish, dative clitics have standardly been analyzed differently from accusative ones. The apparent different constraints that regulate each of these clitic doubling constructions have been at the base of the differing analyses. In this paper, we will argue that in spite of the alleged differences, clitic doubling in Spanish (both accusative and dative) has more in common than meets the eye. In light of a generally neglected structure in which Spanish dative clitics may not show agreement with their plural double (a.k.a. le-for-les), we will argue for a decompositional analysis of Spanish dative clitics. For us, dative clitics instantiate an applicative (Cuervo 2003, a.o.) morpheme which may be combined with a Dº head (Uriagereka 1995). This analysis will allow us not only to explain the le-for-les phenomenon observed, accounting for its distribution and syntactic licensing, but also the definiteness interpretation that an agreeing dative clitic is subject to, in turn providing a uniform account for the parallelisms between accusative (i.e., purely Dº) and dative (i.e., Applicative + optional Dº) clitic doubling. Finally, certain contexts in which les surfaces and that fail to be accounted for under our proposal are provided an account in terms of "harmonic agreement," while still keeping the analysis proposed to account for both new and old data and observations.


27 Legume-based leys (perennial sod crops) are an important component of fertility 28 management in organic rotations in many parts of Europe. Despite their importance, 29 however, relatively little is known about how these leys affect weed communities or how the 30 specific composition of leys may contribute to weed management. To determine whether the 31 choice of plant species in the ley affects weeds, we conducted replicated field trials at six 32 locations in the UK over 24 months, measuring weed cover and biomass in plots sown with 33 monocultures of 12 legume and 4 grass species and in plots sown with a mixture of 10 34 legume species and 4 grass species. Additionally, we monitored weed communities in leys on 35 21 organic farms across the UK either sown with a mixture of the project species or the 36 farmers' own species mix. In total, 63 weed species were found on the farms, with the 37 annuals Stellaria media, Sonchus arvensis, and Veronica persica being the most frequent 38 species in the first year after establishment of the ley, while Stellaria media and the two 39 perennials Ranunculus repens and Taraxacum officinale dominated the weed spectrum in the 40 second year. Our study shows that organic leys constitute an important element of farm 41 biodiversity. In both replicated and on-farm trials, weed cover and species richness were 42 significantly lower in the second than in the first year, owing to lower presence of annual 43 weeds in year two. In monocultures, meadow pea (Lathyrus pratensis) was a poor competitor 44 against weeds, and a significant increase in the proportion of weed biomass was observed 45 over time, due to poor recovery of meadow pea after mowing. For red clover (Trifolium 46 pratense), we observed the lowest proportion of weed biomass in total biomass among the 47 tested legume species. Crop biomass and weed biomass were negatively correlated across 48 species. Residuals from the linear regression between crop biomass and weed biomass 49 indicated that at similar levels of crop biomass, grasses had lower weed levels than legumes. 50 We conclude that choice of crop species is an important tool for weed management in leys. 51


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a coated article, the method comprising: (a) coating a substrate with a coating material to form a coated substrate; and (b) stabilizing the coated substrate to form a coated article; wherein, between step a) and step b), the substrate - contacting the substrate and the coated substrate - contacting a substrate by a coating operation parameters different, so that in step b contacting) is minimized. The present invention also provides an apparatus.


To study the fast modelling of dynamic characteristics caused by power electronic switching, the dynamic phasor (DP) theory based on the time-varying Fourier decomposition and frequency shifting is firstly applied to the modelling of various multipulse rectifiers. The DP model for symmetrical 12-pulse phase-shifting reactor rectifier unit (PSR-RU) is derived with model order reduction, relations between ac and dc terminals, and Taylor series expansion. The DP model of asymmetrical 18-pulse autotransformer rectifier unit (AT-RU) is proposed based on the switching functions expressed in the DP domain. Meanwhile, the DP model of voltage source inverter (VSI) fed by asymmetrical 18-pulse AT-RU is built with the harmonic state-space (HSS) equations. Under both balanced and unbalanced conditions, the good calculation accuracy and rapid simulation speed of the developed DP models are validated by the detailed time-domain (TD) simulation.


[Extract] Equity issues in the 1990s have mainly focused upon the 'war of the sexes' - a media-sponsored boys-versus-girls story, which has sought to position boys as the new disadvantaged group in Australian schools. A dominant perception in many of the current debates has been that girls are now 'doing better' than boys, and over the past decade most media attention, government support and research energy have concentrated on boys' educational issues as key equity matters. In particular, boys' poor literacy achievement and lack of interest and engagement in schooling have become identified as two critical issues for educators to confront and challenge.


Activation of G protein-coupled α2 adrenergic receptors (ARs) inhibits epileptiform activity in the hippocampal CA3 region. The specific mechanism underlying this action is unclear. This study investigated which subtype(s) of α2ARs and G proteins (Gαo or Gαi) are involved in this response using recordings of mouse hippocampal CA3 epileptiform bursts. Application of epinephrine (EPI) or norepinephrine (NE) reduced the frequency of bursts in a concentration-dependent manner: (-)EPI > (-)NE >>> (+)NE. To identify the α2AR subtype involved, equilibrium dissociation constants (pKb) were determined for the selective αAR antagonists atipamezole (8.79), rauwolscine (7.75), 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyethyl)aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane hydrochloride (WB-4101; 6.87), and prazosin (5.71). Calculated pKb values correlated best with affinities determined previously for the mouse α2AAR subtype (r = 0.98, slope = 1.07). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of EPI were lost in hippocampal slices from α2AAR-but not α2CAR-knockout mice. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin also reduced the EPI-mediated inhibition of epileptiform bursts. Finally, using knock-in mice with point mutations that disrupt regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) binding to Gα subunits to enhance signaling by that G protein, the EPI-mediated inhibition of bursts was significantly more potent in slices from RGS-insensitive GαoG184S heterozygous (Gαo+/GS) mice compared with either Gαi2G184S heterozygous (Gαi2+/GS) or control mice (EC50 = 2.5 versus 19 and 23 nM, respectively). Together, these findings indicate that the inhibitory effect of EPI on hippocampal CA3 epileptiform activity uses an α2AAR/Gαo protein-mediated pathway under strong inhibitory control by RGS proteins. This suggests a possible role for RGS inhibitors or selective α2AAR agonists as a novel antiepileptic drug therapy.


Recently many small D.C. motors have been used for automotive electrical equipment. In particular, motors for fuel pumps play an important role of supplying the engine with gasoline. Therefore, high reliability and long life are required for the motors. The feature of these motors is that gasoline flows inside the motor and commutation is done in gasoline. This paper is a fundamental investigation of the commutation phenomena in gasoline. We have already reported in a previous paper on fundamental characteristics of the commutation arc such as arc duration, arc voltage and residual current. In this paper, the experimental results of arc duration, residual current and arc voltage are reported for both commutator materials of Cu and Ag/Ni. And the wear of a brush made of metallic-carbon is measured, respectively on Cu and Ag/Ni commutators. When the silver-nickel commutator is used, brush wear is slighter in gasoline than in air. When the copper commutator is used, brush wear in gasoline is similar to that in air. The influence of gasoline on commutation arc voltage is also described.


Globalisation or the international integration of production and distribution has accelerated over the past two decades. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) or the transnational corporations (TNC) through foreign direct investment (FDI) have played a key role in the globalisation process. This paper reviews the role of MNE-FDI in the globalisation process both from the standpoint of trade theory and eclectic paradigms of FDI. The adequacy of the neoclassical inter-industry trade paradigm in explaining FDI flows is critically reviewed and the prognostication that MNE-FDI could be substituting trade to a host country is examined. Besides new trade theories based on monopolistic competition and intra-industry trade predict that MNE-FDI could be complementing trade to a host country. The controversy relating to MNE-FDI as causing trade substitution and complementation is resolved empirically in this paper using vector autoregression (VAR) econometrics. A VAR model is applied to Australian quarterly time-series data and innovation accounting and Granger causality tests are shed light on FDI-trade substitution and complementarity effects in the context of globalisation during the study period 1983(4)-i 996(3). The paper also comments on the national policy implications of MNE-FDI flows.


Objective To investigate the changes in the activated lymphocyte populations in peripheral
blood of the patients with hand transplantation and utility of the dose adjustment of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) through CD3+ T cell count monitoring. Methods The lymphocytes from the posttransplant peripheral blood of the patients in different periods were immunological labeled by triple color fluoresecent monoclonal antibodies CD3 /CD4 / CD8 and dual color fluoresecent monoclonal antibodies CD3/CD(16+56), CD3 /HLA-DR; CD3、 CD?、CD5、CD3 / CD(16+56) and CD3 /HLA - DR were determined by using flow cytometry (FCM) . Results The levels of CD3+, CD4+ , CD8+ T - lymphocyte , the activated T - lymphocyte [ CD3+ /CD(1616 +56)+ , CD3+ /HLA - DR + ], the silent T -lymphocyte [CD3+ /CD(16+56)-, CD3+/HLA - DA- ] in the patients decreased significantly during the first post-transplant week and then increased gradually to the pretransplant level except of the level of CD8+ T ?lymphocyte which increased to the level higher. The posttransplant CD4/CD8 ratio decreased constantly ; B - lymphocyte (CD3 - / HLA -DR+) increased during the posttransplant 10 days and subsequently decrease gradually to the level slightly higher than the pretransplant level ; Nature kill cell (CDs' / CD(i6+56)*) increased significantly at the first post-transplant day and then decreased quickly and maintained the low level. Conclusion The daily dose of ATG (2mg/ kg/ d) just sufficient to maintain the level of CD3 + T cells at0.1xl0~(9)~0.4×l0~(9)/lis applicable. The dynamic determination of T-lymphocyte subsets is helpful to the diagnosis of rejection and survival in hand transplantation . The immunosuppressive agents have significantly effects on the T cell subsets in the patients.


(S)-N-[1-(3-Morpholin-4-ylphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylacrylamide (2) was synthesized as an orally bioavailable KCNQ2 potassium channel opener. In a rat model of migraine, 2 demonstrated significant oral activity in reducing the total number of cortical spreading depressions induced by potassium chloride.


The forecast data of the renewable energy generation and loads cannot be exactly accurate because of their intermittence and fluctuation characteristics. To handle this problem, a probabilistic chance-constrained model for day-ahead scheduling is proposed in this paper. The proposed model is established not only by the aggregated scenarios but also by the eliminated ones which are used in chance constraints. The mixed integer linear programming algorithm is applied to solve the schedule problem efficiently. Finally, a grid-connected microgrid consisting of a photovoltaic system (PV), a wind turbine (WT), a micro turbine (MT), a diesel engine (DE), a fuel cell (FC), and a battery energy storage system (BESS) is studied, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the probabilistic chance-constrained model.