A P-HPr:β-glucoside phosphotransferase (enzyme IIbgl)1 has been extracted from membranes of a β-glucoside fermenting strain of Escherichia coli K 12 using the nonionic detergent Triton X–100. The extracted enzyme was rendered virtually free of both lipid and detergent by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. At this stage, the partially purified enzyme had negligible activity, but activity was restored effectively by the addition of (1) nonionic detergents of the Tween or Triton series and (2) crude E. coli phospholipids or an anionic lipid enriched fraction, but not phosphatidylethanolamine. Detergent activators were most effective at or near the critical micelle concentration, but were inhibitory when added at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration.

In order to obtain maximal initial rates of phosphotransferase activity, it was necessary to incubate the extracted, partially purified enzyme with detergent activator and HPr prior to the addition of the other assay system components. High detergent concentration inhibited the initial rate of phosphorylation by interfering with an essential step (or steps) that occur during this preliminary incubation. The activation occuring during the preliminary incubation was also highly temperature dependent; a precipitous decrease in activation was detected below 16° when Tween 40 was employed as the detergent activator.

Phosphorylation mediated by the membrane associated form of the phosphotransferase was not influenced by the physical state of the lipid components of the membrane. This is in marked contrast to the properties of the phosphorylation reaction mediated by the phosphotransferase in intact cells.


Algorithms and software solutions, which allow to ensure the optimum modes of power supply to the heaters of multilayer structured floor in rooms taking into account design and thermal parameters of electrically heated floor and peculiarly external meteorological factors, are proposed. The application of research results in production practice of specialized complexes will allow significantly improve the efficiency of using the traditional, alternative and renewable energy sources for ensuring the technological needs of livestock production. The proposed method allows at the stage of project development analyze and determine the geometric parameters and power characteristics of heatgenerating modules of electrically heated floors of production facilities with various functional purposes. The managed mode of energy consumption by electric-heat-accumulating microclimate systems provides real conditions of energy consumption in the off-peak period of the daily load curve of electrical networks with reduced payment for energy under the zone tariff. Considerable heat-accumulating properties of electrically heated floors allow such systems to operate in the mode «consumer-regulator».


The length of the physical year in days is not an integer. This simple fact has complicated efforts to make a calendar for thousands of years. Both the Julian and the Gregorian calendars use a scheme that involves the periodic insertion of extra days, or intercalation. A year with an intercalated day is called a leap year. In the Julian calendar, an extra day was inserted every fourth year. In the Gregorian calendar (commonly in use today) an extra day is inserted every fourth year, exclusive of century years, which are leap years only if divisible by 400. From this, we see that the average length of the year in the Julian calendar was


A rapid and specific bioanalytical method was developed for Kaempferol (100 mg) in albino rat plasma using ibuprofen as an internal standard (IS) and bioequivalence study has also been carried out in reaction rate monitoring of acetylation of 2-Thiohydantoin.The sample was prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile yielding almost near 100% recoveries of Kaempferol. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Lichrocart C18 column (250mm x 4mm i.d. particle size 5μm) using Photo Diode Array detector using ibuprofen as an internal standard (IS). The mobile phase consisting of Potassium dihydrogen Phosphate buffer (0.05M, pH 2.1) and acetonitrile (65: 35 v/v) with 0.1% triethylamine at a flow rate 1.5mL/min. The detection was made at 370nm the retention time for Kaempferol is 8.07. The calibration curves were linear (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range of 50-2.5ng ml−1. The extraction efficiency for the Kaempferol was more than 99.99%. The within and between day precisions in the measurement of four tested concentrations were in the range of 0.89-9.1% and 2.1-10.1% R.S.D., respectively. The developed procedure was applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of Kaempferol following administration of 50ng/kg oral dose of Kaempferol to healthy albino rats. The described method was established as a rapid analytical tool in a pharmacokinetic study requiring short retention time, high precision, sensitivity and small volumes of plasma for analysis of Benzo pyran derivatives.


Plastic optical fibers (POF) are the most promising solution for the short transmission distance range in data communication. The combine the inherent benefits of all optical fibers such as high bandwidth, total electromagnetic immunity with additionally amazing simplicity in handling. This paper has proposed the investigation of plastic optical fibers within conventional Raman amplification technique in advanced local area optical communication networks. Plastic optical fiber links are deeply studied over wide ranges of the affecting parameters. Two multiplexing methods are applied, ultra wide space division multiplexing (UW–SDM) and ultra wide wavelength division multiplexing (UW–WDM), where 4000 and 6000 channels are processed to handle the product of transmission bit rate and repeater spacing for cables of multi-links (20 to 120 links per plastic fiber cable core) with employment of transmission and conventional amplification techniques are investigated namely soliton propagation and Raman amplification techniques. The transmission bit rate and bandwidth distance product per optical channel) are treated over wide ranges of the affecting parameters. Keywords— Plastic Fibers, Conventional Raman Amplification, Space Division Multiplexing, and Local Area Network


The invention discloses a kind of car accident inspection of the scene of a crime method, the method includes: when receiving the prospecting request that mobile terminal sends, according to the identification information of described prospecting acquisition request Claims Resolution vehicle;According to the identification information of described Claims Resolution vehicle, and the list of devices being pre-configured with, determine the car-mounted terminal that described Claims Resolution vehicle is installed;Control described car-mounted terminal and gather the image of the scene of the accident, generate investigation information according to the identification information of described image and described Claims Resolution vehicle.The invention also discloses a kind of car accident inspection of the scene of a crime system.Present invention achieves on-the-spot automatically the reconnoitring of car accident, for the scene of the accident reconnoitre the shortest, efficiency is high, accelerates the speed of vehicle insurance Claims Resolution.


A new approach using vital sign complexity analysis and machine learning improves prediction of the need for lifesaving maneuvers in trauma patients.


SUMMARY The concept of forestry as an instrument of rural development is examined in relation to some specified needs of local communities, and in relation to externally aided agroforestry and community forestry projects. It is suggested that the term "minor forest product" has no longer any real meaning in modern forestry practice in developing countries, and that it should be abandoned and more exact definitions sought for the variety of goods and services provided, or which can be provided, by the natural or man-made forest estate. If this is done, and if such goods and services are properly monitored and costed, then it will be found that the contribution of the forestry sector to the national domestic product is much greater in many developing countries than that indicated to date. It is also suggested that agroforestry and community forestry projects have little or no lasting effect in the absence of a government commitment to forestry as an instrument for rural development and in the absence of an appropriately trained indigenous manpower. On the basis of these assumptions, and taking into account some important activities of "Forestry for Local Community Development" (see FAO 1978), current manpower requirements are estimated and projected to the year 2000 for seven East and North East African countries. The prevailing situation in each country in regard to training and education in forestry is discussed and examples of existing curricula are given. Though there appears to be a considerable short fall in current requirements for professional foresters and technicians in the Region as a whole it is suggested that the Region has the potential to meet projected manpower requirements at both technical and professional levels, but that external support will be required and curricula will need revision to give greater emphasis to forest resources management and to forestry as an instrument for rural development generally. The weaknesses of the basic data and methodology used in estimating manpower requirements are emphasized.


This paper presents the results of an Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) of three astrodynamics functions of the Satellite Tool Kit (STK) of Analytical Graphics, Inc. The three functions are: (1) high precision orbit propagator (HPOP), (2) parameter and coordinate frame transformations, and (3) access and visibility calculations. The Aerospace Corporation's trajectory and orbit determination program (TRACE) was used as the benchmark tool for conducting tests for functions (1) and (2). Other Aerospace Corporation programs—Rotate, Geo, SOAP and ASTROLIB—were used for testing the STK access and visibility calculations. The agreements between STK-generated satellite ephemeris or orbit parameters and those generated by Aerospace Corporation programs varied with individual task conditions. A single quantitative statement cannot be made for all testing. Based on Aerospace experience, results ranged from satisfactory to excellent. Some limited areas had larger than expected differences, but those differences were deemed small for most applications, with the exception of those involving precision geodesy or altimetry work. The Aerospace Corporation programs mentioned above have been used to validate several Department of Defense (DOD) mission operation and support software systems. The quality of the three STK functions is reflected by the test results of this IV&V, shown in this paper. It is up to the users to determine the adequacy of STK v4.1.0 for their specific applications. INTRODUCTION This paper documents the results of an Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) of specified functions of the Satellite Tool Kit (STK) of Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI). This first phase of the IV&V of STK is focused on three astrodynamics functions: (1) high precision orbit propagator (HPOP), (2) parameter and coordinate frame transformations, and (3) access and visibility calculations. The Aerospace Corporation's trajectory analysis and orbit determination program TRACE v2.4.9 was used as the benchmark tool for conducting tests for functions (1) and (2). Other Aerospace Corporation programs—Rotate vl.O, Geo vl.O, SOAP v9.2.2 and ASTROLIB (1999 Version)— were used for testing the STK coordinate frame transformations, access and visibility calculations. All of the IV&V testing was made against the released version of 4.1.0 of STK. Detailed descriptions of the approach, methods, tools and results are provided in Reference 1. The following sections summarize the test and results of the three astrodynamics functions. HIGH PRECISION ORBIT PROPAGATOR (HPOP) This section describes the Independent Validation and Verification (IV & V) tests performed on the High Precision Orbit Propagator (HPOP) used in the Satellite Tool Kit v4.1.0 (STK), a set of satellite analysis software tools developed by Analytical Graphics, Inc. The Aerospace Corporation's Trajectory Analysis and Orbit 'Senior Engineering Specialist, Astrodynamics Department, AIAA Associate Fellow P.O. Box 92957, M4-948 Work: 310/336-4295 FAX: 310/336-5827 Los Angeles, CA 90009-2957 email: firstname.lastname@example.com Engineering Specialist, Senior Engineering Specialist, Manager, Satellite Navigation Department ^Senior Engineering Specialist, Engineering Specialist, Reconnaissance Systems Division """Chief Orbital Scientist, AIAA Senior Member Copyright @2000 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.


Seismic protection of heritage structures is an unresolved research problem that not only is a public safety issue but also encompasses the additional constraint of the protection of the artistic value. In this regard non-invasive techniques appear clearly the most appropriate. In this paper the recently proposed non-invasive vibration control device Vibrating Barrier (ViBa) is scrutinized and extended to reduce the seismic vibrations of the Messina Cathedral Bell Tower in Italy. A detailed study is first undertaken to determine a reliable model of the Cathedral and surrounding area. Original drawings and design calculation has been used to develop a pertinent Finite Element model. The seismic action has been modelled as a zero mean Gaussian process compatible with the response spectrum of the site where the Cathedral is built. In order to design the Vibrating Barrier device a reliable simplified discrete model has been derived and calibrated through an identification procedure. Due to the dynamic behaviour of the Bell Tower a novel design strategy accounting for the rotational coupling of the underlying structure-soil-structure interaction problem has been proposed. Interestingly, the influence of the rocking behaviour of the Tower on the performance of the ViBa has been addressed. The efficiency of the ViBa device has been measured through the reduction of the dynamic response in terms of displacements and internal forces. Reduction of the peak displacements greater than 20% has been achieved without modifying the Bell Tower. Challenges in the implementations of the ViBa and its limitations are also discussed. Introduction The design and the construction material of historic structures in seismic prone areas are generally not adapted to withstand earthquakes and decay occurring over the years. In addition, climate change further modifies the seismic vulnerability of historic areas and current models and technologies do not take into account this effect. Many historic areas have also been affected by past earthquakes making them even more vulnerable. The most recent earthquakes, such as the ones occurring in Central Apennines (Italy) during the 2016-2017 seismic sequence, responsible for the collapse of the Cathedral of S. Benedetto at Norcia, are clear examples of the need for prompt and collective action to protect heritage structures from further natural disaster-induced damage. Historic structures are vital to our understanding of how the cultural, artistic, and technical skills of humanity have developed over time. Up to now the problem of protecting structures by seismic action has been managed using localised solutions such as isolators and dampers. Apart from few attempts to protect existing structures the use of vibration control devices is still restricted to new buildings and/or constructions. One main reason is that the introduction of control devices in existing structures is too invasive, costly and requires the demolishing of some structural and/or non-structural components. For heritage structures clearly such technologies cannot be applied and therefore rarely seismic protection actions are taken to protect such artistic treasure. Bearing in mind the global necessity to protect existing structures from earthquakes and the limitation of current technologies the novel vibrating barrier (ViBa) control strategy has been recently proposed (Cacciola and Tombari 2015). The ViBa device is a massive structure, hosted in the soil, calibrated for protecting structures by absorbing portion of the ground motion input energy. As a difference with other technologies buried in the soil (i.e. trenches, piles, seismic metamaterials) that are focused on surface waves only (see. e.g. Palermo et al. 2016; Craster et al 2018) the ViBa is designed to absorb seismic body waves (i.e. shear waves). In its simplest configuration it is made by a mass spring system buried in the soil and 1 Visiting Scholar from University of Bologna, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK 2 Senior Lecturer, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK 3 Principal Lecturer, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK


The optimization of industrial grinding circuits has been successfully performed using mathematical models that describe the industrial scale data from breakage parameters determined in laboratory grinding tests. The test material studied here is a gold ore ground in a closed ball mill circuit with hydrocyclone classification. Several sampling campaigns were carried out aiming to produce mass balances and provide material for laboratory tests. The parameters determined in the laboratory tests were used to predict, by simulation, the circuit behavior with a low ball charge level and a balanced ball size distribution.


The lifetime management of sensors is one of the most challenging concepts in targets coverage in order to increase the lifetime of sensor networks. One of the most famous approaches to deal with this situation is to divide the sensor nodes into temporary sets such that sensors of each set are capable of covering all targets independently in each period of time. Therefore, while a set of sensors are activated the other nodes change their status into energy saving. This issue could prevent the number of redundant active sensors which is in turn with energy conservation. In this paper, the problem of connected partial target coverage is analyzed where covering sets are allowed to monitor a subset of targets assuming that it is possible for adjacent targets to have similar information. Hence, when a target is covered, the proposed algorithm doesn't cover any target for a distance of M around the covered target. The introduced algorithm is capable to keep connectivity with the sink node while covers partial targets. This method that is named Improved Partial Coverage Heuristic (IPCH) computes the minimal connected partial K-coverage set. The performance of above method in terms of energy consumption, balance of energy consumption, number of live sensors and network lifetime is evaluated. Extensive experimental results are presented for different numbers of targets, M values and various energy levels. Results show that the network lifetime is largely increased.


The influence of an external dc electric field on the hysteresis of the light-induced Fréedericksz transition in a nematic liquid crystal cell in the field of a light beam with a finite diameter has been studied. The external electric field orientations perpendicular to the cell surface and along it, in the direction of the incident light polarization, are considered. The dependences of the Fréedericksz transition thresholds for the increasing and decreasing intensities of the incident light on the electric field strength and the transversal light beam size are obtained numerically. The values of transversal light beam size and electric field strength, for which the Fréedericksz transition has a hysteretic character, are found. The hysteresis loop width is shown to increase if the dc electric field perpendicular to the cell surface grows. At the same time, the hysteresis loop width decreases, if the electric field is oriented along the cell surface.


Ultrafine-grained (0.2–0.3 µm) WC–Ni hardmetals with a low Ni content (3–5 wt%) were developed using new production techniques based on adding an appropriate amount of VC and Cr3C2, combined with the strong mixing of raw materials. Their uniaxial compressibility was subsequently compared with that of existing WC–Ni and WC–Co hardmetals to assess their suitability for use as anvils in various high pressure experiments, particularly those associated with neutron or magnetic studies. The ultimate compressive strength of the newly developed hardmetals was over 7.7 GPa, which was higher by 1.2 GPa than that of the existing WC–Ni hardmetal 'MF10'. When these hardmetals were used as anvils, a pressure of approximately 16 GPa was generated using a Paris-Edinburgh-type apparatus with φ8 mm culet, thereby proving that they can allow the physical properties of various materials to be measured at higher pressures than is possible with existing hardmetals.


Wireless sensor networks are composed of a vast number of ultra-small, fully autonomous computing, communication, and sensing devices, with very restricted energy and computing capabilities, that cooperate to accomplish a large sensing task. Such networks can be very useful in practice. The authors propose extended versions of two data propagation protocols: the Sleep-Awake Probabilistic Forwarding (SW-PFR) protocol and the Hierarchical Threshold-Sensitive Energy-Efficient Network (H-TEEN) protocol. These nontrivial extensions aim at improving the performance of the original protocols by introducing sleep-awake periods in the PFR case to save energy and introducing a hierarchy of clustering in the TEEN case to better cope with large network areas. The authors implemented the two protocols and performed an extensive comparison via simulation of various important measures of their performance with a focus on energy consumption. Data propagation under this approach exhibits high fault tolerance and increases network lifetime.


The perspective observed in Italy about the school inclusion refers to a reality continually changing based on the school inclusion policy generalized to the country context. The knowledge associated with this perspective and the increasing new issues and challenges requires an unceasing improvement of the inclusive processes. The data displayed in this paper refers to an investigation conducted with teachers on their training process by means of an anonymous questionnaire involving five thematic areas. The research highlights the educational profiles, the skills of teachers in training and their perspectives regarding school inclusion. From the analysis of the data we are able to identify the important role of Special Education and Didactics on the enhancement of the inclusive processes in the context of schools. Key-words: Inclusive Education; Special Education; Specialized Teacher on Special Education;


This case study charts the planning and implementation of a digital publishing programme over a three-year period at the Human Sciences Research Council, a large South African social science research body. This paper places the case study in the context of research dissemination in South Africa and Africa and reviews new publishing approaches, including electronic publishing and Open Access. It then charts the three phases of the consultancy — investigation, recommendations and implementation — and, at each stage, examines successes and failures; the problems encountered; and how they were addressed. It deals with the following challenges faced by African scholarly organisations wanting to use digital media to disseminate their research findings: i. Finding the right strategy, copyright model and business plan for the digital publishing programme;


In this paper three Closed Combined Cycle (C3) systems for underwater power generation are analyzed. In the first, the waste heat rejected by a Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) is utilized to heat the working fluid of a bottoming Rankine Cycle; in the second, the heat of a primary energy loop fluid is used to heat both CBC and Rankine cycle working fluids; the third solution involves a Metal Rankine Cycle (MRC) combined with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC).The significant benefits of the Closed Combined Cycle concepts, compared to the simple CBC system, such as efficiency increase and specific mass reduction, are presented and discussed. A comparison between the three C3 power plants is presented taking into account the technological maturity of all the plant components.Copyright © 1992 by ASME


A stereo digital audio signal optical transmission experiment system using non- programmed chip is designed and studied.The system consists of transmitting terminal,fiber optic link as well as receiving terminal,and the two sound tracks of stereo audio signal are transmitted separately by using two light signals which have different wavelengths.The simulation results show that the system can realize the stable transmission of stereo audio signal.Due to the design structural of the non-programmed chip,the various parts of the circuit have clear function and are easy to be replaced.When the system is used for experimental teaching demonstration,it can enable the students to have a more intuitive understanding of the process of data framing and transmitting.Accordingly,the system has a strong application value.


Steven Rosefielde is an obstinate man, who sticks to his guns even if there is no ammunition. He finds inconsistencies in my position because I include the officially claimed growth rates, in 1926/7 prices, in my Economic History of the USSR. It should be clear that a history of the period cannot omit official claims, but in each instance I immediately remind the readers that these figures are exaggerated, that I do not accept them, nor should they. I warn, in precisely this connection, of "statistical inflation" (p. 192), of "fulfilment figures highly suspect" (p. 226). I speak of the "incredible official index" on p. 387, and in many other publications. I do cite alternative Western estimates: Bergson's on page 382, Nutter's and Seton's in pages 386-87, giving some reasons why I do not simply "accept" them. Rosefielde correctly notes that I did not "independently compute producer and consumer goods series," or indeed any series. But then I cannot be condemned (or praised) for arriving at the wrong answer; nonexistent computations cannot be cited or criticized! I do not "rely instead on physical indexes," but I do of course cite physical output figures, which are almost always well below plan targets —one of my reasons for regarding the official aggregate growth indexes as exaggerated.


Background: Ketamine has sympathomimetic effects in increasing the blood sugar level. The objective of this research is to find evidence of the effect of ketamine as an anesthetic towards blood glucose level of diabetes mellitus and non diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: Thirty six patients divided into two groups, 18 non diabetes mellitus patients and 18 diabetes mellitus patients underwent elective surgery at Kariadi Hospital Semarang, the diabetes mellitus patients are well maintained and have no contra indication towards ketamine. Blood glucose was measured during these points: fasting state before surgery, premedication, in the 5th, 10th, and 15th minute after ketamine 1 mg/kgBW administration, the 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th minute after the beginning of surgery and the 30th minute of post surgery.
Results: In Non diabetes mellitus Group, there were significantly differences in the increasing (p<0.05) of blood glucose that found at premedication, the 5th, 10th, 15th minute after ketamine 1 mg/kgBW administration, the 15th minute after the beginning of surgery and 30th minute of post surgery. In the Treated Group, there were significantly differences in the increasing (p<0.05) of blood glucose that found at the 15th minutes after the beginning of surgery and the 30th minutes of post surgery. The data was analysed using Independent T-test.
Conclusion: Ketamine increased the blood glucose levels of diabetes mellitus and non diabetes mellitus patients.


A study of major earthquake occurrence along the Dead Sea transform (35.5°–36.5° E; 27.2°–37.5° N) during the past four millenia has been attempted. Geological, archaeological, biblical, historical, and seismological evidence were integrated in an effort to quantify the space-time distribution of seismicity in the said province. The overall earthquake activity in the conterminous Near East indicates a stable pattern and appeared to have been stationary over the examined time window. About 110 earthquakes in the magnitude range 6.7 ≤ ML ≤ 8.3 affected the area during the past 2500 years. Of these, 42 originated along the Dead Sea fault system itself, while 68 were imported from the Helenic-Cyprian arcs and the Anatolian-Elburz-Zagros fault systems. These events were responsible for the repeated destruction of many cultural centers. In the Dead Sea region proper, the major seismic activity since 2100 B.C.E. (Before Christian Era), has been confined to the vicinity of its eastern shore with extremal seismicity at its southern tip near the prehistorical site of Bab-a-Dara'a (31° 15'N, 35° 32'E). This may constitute the first solid evidence that the Biblical "cities of the Plain" (Sodom, Gommorah, etc.) were located there. Recent studies of earthquake deformations in the Lisan deposits near Bab-a-Dara'a, agree with our findings. At the present time, a magnitude 6¾ earthquake is pending at the northern edge of the Levant rift, with its average recurrence interval (83 years) exceeded by one standard deviation (32 years).


Demand Response is a useful tool to limit the maximum demand thereby reducing the need of peak power generation units which are normally less efficient and operational for only small time interval. DR enables consumers to manage their consumption according to the available generation which means electric supply is generation oriented rather than demand oriented. Considering the challenges facing Saudi Arabia in electrical sector, demand response initiative can be very beneficial. This paper describes various demand response methods in general followed by the simulation of variable price structure and incentive based methods for possible DR implementation.


The Washington, D.C., think tank established in 1992 to advise the White House on technologies labeled "critical" to America's social, economic, and industrial health wants to shelve the old meaning of critical and embark on new ways of serving the President and Congress as a policy research center. The think tank was known as the Critical Technologies Institute (CIT) until last September, when Congress changed its name to the Science & Technology Policy Institute (STPI). It is operated by Rand Corp. of Santa Monica, Calif., and has a budget of about $5 million. The institute's attempt to deconstruct the word critical might seem trivial in Washington's world of heavy-duty reports. But not to STPI, especially when it comes to defining a function. Critical, STPI claims, is no longer a word with any single meaning when it comes to technology and the institute's major reason for being. The whole technological scene has changed, it says. Critical, ...


In light of a great number of intermediary agencies involving in construction cost control of government investment project at present,the essay explores how to launch work and how to play the audit role in government investment project for intermediary project,and mainly expounds auditing points,with a view to guide practice.


Block copolymers P(S-b-MMA) prepared by using polymeric peroxide as an initiator were separated into three peaks using silica gel as an adsorbent and a mixture of chloroform and ethanol as the mobile phase. The first peak included both polystyrene homopolymer and P(S-b-MMA), the second peak appeared to be P(S-b-MMA), and the third consisted of P(S-b-MMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymer. These results suggest the presence of three different block copolymers in composition and/or in structure. By removing the two homopolymers, it was found that the P(S-b-MMA) sample prepared in this work consisted of two components of equal amount: One was a block copolymer having a smaller MMA content and smaller molecular weight averages and the other having a higher MMA content (similar to the monomer feed ratio) and higher molecular weight. Besides these two components, one minor copolymer, which might be different from these two components but rather similar to the first one in both composition and molecular weight, appeared between these two peaks in a liquid adsorption chromatogram. These three components had both composition and molecular weight distributions.


Signals of opportunity (SoOp) is a promising technique to measure key geophysical variables at high spatiotemporal scales using multiple microwave frequencies outside bands allocated for science. To better understand spaceborne SoOp observations, an end-to-end mission simulator has been developed. It determines observation geometries of multiple transmitters and receivers and generates SoOp observables for land remote sensing by integrating geophysical data and instrument properties. Using the simulator, the coverage and the instrument data of a hypothetical constellation of spaceborne SoOp receivers were evaluated over different orbital planes. This integrative tool facilitates the spaceborne SoOp mission design by exploring and optimizing the tradespace of a variety of design parameters.


Environmentally benign and efficient route of synthesis of PAA-g-SCMC was prepared via irradiation (800W) using modified household microwave alone (without using initiator). PAA-g-SCMC polymer before and after loading with the drug was confirmed on FT-IR spectrophotometer and SEM. SCMC polymer was also used to extend the release of antibiotic namely, Cefixime. Buffer solutions of pH 7.2 and 1.2 were used as the medium for the release of drug to simulate the pH media of small intestine and stomach respectively. We used UV-visible spectrophotometer fo imbibing measuring solution of antibiotic for Cefixime respectively at 285nm. The antibiotic release was done at different temperature (25°C, 37°C). Generally, there lease was increased at pH 7.2 and temperature at 37°C. The results obtained from the grafted polymers were better than the non grafted polymers concerning the controlled release of the drug.


This study will portray an assessment of the Euro-Mediterranean relations from a unique perspective: two countries from the MENA84 region will be examined through the lenses of Europe, with which we will try to develop a fair evaluation of the EU's role in the Arab Spring. The main goal will be to gain insight into the EU's foreign policy making through the close examination of the European Neighborhood Policy85 (ENP), which plays a key role in the EU's reactions to the Arab uprisings. The ENP's core documents (Action Plans and Progress Reports) will be examined to discover the EU's policy agendas regarding the MENA region and especially the two case study countries.


Special attention has been paid to psychological health of infertile women during the last few years (Domar (1). Therefore, the present study was conducted to find out the differences in the mental health among fertile and infertile women. The study is conducted to come across the level of difference in mental health between fertile and infertile women. In order to measure the dependent variable, the investigators used Bengali version of Goldberg's mental health scale. A simple t-test was used to analysis the data collected from 50 respondents. The results revealed that infertile women have lower mental health score than fertile women which proved the formulated hypothesis. The results are also discussed in the context of personal mental health and happiness in the social paradigm of Bangladesh.


where V is the velocity function, shown in Figure 1~The Federal Reserve would like to select ranges for monetary growth over the coming year consistent with price stability) This is the policy of monetary targeting. The rationale for the policy of monetary targeting is the existence of a stable and reliable relationship between the rate of growth of monetary aggregate Mi [denoted ~(t)] and the rate of inflation (denoted it-) either during year t or possibly t+ I of the form


Medical diagnosis is the process of determining which disease or medical condition explains a person's determinable signs and symptoms. Diagnosis of most diseases is very expensive as many tests are required for predictions. This paper aims to introduce an improved hybrid approach for training the adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). It incorporates hybrid learning algorithms least square estimates with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm using analytic derivation for computation of Jacobian matrix, as well as code optimisation technique, which indexes membership functions. The goal is to investigate how certain diseases are affected by patient's characteristics and measurement such as abnormalities or a decision about the presence or absence of a disease. In order to achieve an accurate diagnosis at this complex stage of symptom analysis, the physician may need efficient diagnosis system to classify and predict patient condition by using an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) pre-processed by grid partitioning. The proposed hybridised intelligent technique was tested with Statlog heart disease and Hepatitis disease datasets obtained from the University of California at Irvine's (UCI) machine learning repository. The robustness of the performance measuring total accuracy, sensitivity and specificity was examined. In comparison, the proposed method was found to achieve superior performance when compared to some other related existing methods.


The pressure fluctuations on the volute surface induced by internal unsteady flow are the important sources of fan casing vibration and noise generation. In this paper, a three-dimensional and unsteady flow of a whole impeller-volute structure have been carried out by using commercial CFX code in order to obtain the wall pressure fluctuations on the volute of a large scale centrifugal fan (especially in the vicinity of volute tongue). The two important different flow rates have been simulated, the best efficiency point (BEP) and 130 percent of the BEP (1.3 × BEP), multi-domain structure grids have been applied in all the domains of current simulations. The pressure fluctuations of setting locations on the volute have been obtained by this method. Characteristics of these fluctuations in time and frequency domains were mainly analyzed. The results showed that the amplitudes of these pressure fluctuations over the volute changed with the flow rates variation. The blade passing frequency and their second harmonic frequency were observed clearly, and an important peak presented at the blade passing frequency (BPF). The amplitude of BPF has related with the position of the volute. On the circumferential direction of the volute, the highest values appeared in the vicinity of volute tongue; on the axial position, the peak value was discovered near to impeller shrouds. All the calculation results have been compared to the experimental results showing a good agreement.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Storage of waste tyres causes serious environmental pollution and health issues, especially when they are left untreated in stockpiles and landfills. Waste tyres could be subjected to pyrolysis and activation in order to produce activated carbon, which is an effective adsorbent, and can find various applications, such as for wastewater treatment, removal of metals and dyes, energy storage devices, electrode materials, etc. Activated carbon (AC) is a non-polar and non-graphite material having high porosity and excellent adsorption capabilities, making it one of the most frequently used adsorbents in various industries. It is normally produced from carbon-rich materials such as coal, coconut shells, waste tyres, biowaste, etc. The use of waste tyres for the production of AC is a sustainable alternative to conventional sources (such as coconut shells and coal) as it supports the concept of a circular economy. Since AC sourced from waste tyres is a new area, this study reviews the methods for the preparation of AC, the types of activation, the forms of activated carbon, and the factors affecting the adsorption process. This study also reviews various applications of AC derived from waste tyres, with a specific focus on the removal of different pollutants from wastewater. Activated carbon derived from the waste tyres was found to be a versatile and economically viable carbon material, which can contribute towards safeguarding the environment and human health.


Abstract In response to the inability of micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) to access credit to finance their business operations, the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria passed the Central Bank of Nigeria (Registration of Security Interests in Movable Property by Banks and Other Financial Institutions in Nigeria) Regulations, No 1, 2015. The purport of this regulation is, among other things, to ensure that MSMEs can use items of personal property to create security. This article critically examines the regulation in the light of the building blocks of article 9 of the US Uniform Commercial Code, which is not only a paradigmatic piece of legislation but appears to be the model on which the Nigerian regulation is based. This critical examination leads the authors to conclude that, although the regulation represents the first steps to reform, much more remains to be done to ensure effectiveness.


Insect bite hypersensitivity, commonly known as the 'sweet itch', continues to prove frustrating to manage in practice. Insect bite hypersensitivity is the most common allergic skin disease in horses, characterised as a hypersensitivity to the salivary proteins of the Culicodes genus of insects. The complex nature of this allergic disease means that no set of affected horses can be managed in the same way. Common approaches to sweet itch can be broken down into the categories of anti-inflammatories, allergen avoidance, skin conditioning and immunotherapy. Many effective management techniques focus on avoiding insect bites and regularly washing skin. Advances are currently being made towards effective immunotherapy, with varied results in clinical trials and in practice. As a result of this, a multimodal approach to the management of insect bite hypersensitivity is often recommended.


Background: With all the stirring advances in modern medicine, it is somewhat sobering to assess the fund of knowledge concerning the treatment of clubfoot. Evolution of treatment started with manipulation, strapping etc.; with not much enthusiastic results. Surgical intervention came into scene; with not much success and lasting morbidity. Over the past decade, Ponseti management has become accepted throughout the world, as the most effective and least expensive treatment of clubfoot.Does the age at beginning of treatment has influence,in Ponseti method and rate of relapse is uncertain. Aims and objectives: (1) Role of age at beginning of treatment. (2)Relapse rate. Materials and method: 58 patients were enlisted for study with 96 idiopathic club feet treated by Ponseti method at Al Ameen Medical College Hospital and its ancillary branches between 2006- 2012; with minimum follow up of 30 months. Two groups were made, group I with age �6 months of age and group II with age >6 months. Results: Average number of casts necessary to achieve correction in group I was 5.28 casts (range 4 to 8 casts); while in group II was 7.31 (range 6- 11 casts). Percutaneous tenotomy was needed in 85.42% of feet. Relapse rate was 7.14% (5 feet) in group I while 15.3% (4 feet) in group II. Conclusion: Effectiveness of Ponseti technique in achieving the correction of deformity and functional as outcome increases with early age of initiation of treatment while relapse rate increases with increase in age.


Additive and multiplicative homogeneous difference equations of degree 1 are considered. A reduction in order is considered. Convergence, monotone and oscillatory characters of solutions are studied.


Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal in the environment. Automobiles release a considerable amount of Cd along roads. In this study, we assessed the level of Cd in five herbaceous plant species (Calotropis procera, Datura alba, Ricinus communis, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cenchrus ciliaris) commonly growing along two roads i.e. Motorway (M-2) and Faisalabad-Sargodha road (FSR) in the Punjab, Pakistan. Plant and soil samples were collected in all the four seasons from roadsides. Samples taken 100 m away from roads were designated as control. Cd was analyzed in all the plants and soil samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-AES). Spatial and temporal variation of Cd concentrations both in plants and soils was clearly seen in results. With compared to control ones, plants and soils showed higher concentration of Cd along roads. The highest contamination of Cd was recorded during summer, whilst, the least was noticed during winter. Among plants, Calotropis procera leaves accumulated the highest level of Cd which proved as bioindicator of Cd. The Cd concentrations in plants along roadsides positively correlated with traffic density. So, control measures are required to overcome transport sector related pollution which may become severe in forthcoming days.


A scientific assessment of the efficiency of logistics networks is a solid foundation for their advancement. This paper introduces in the concept of using the degree of supply-demand matching to evaluate the distribution network. By analyzing the impact of time, amount, and expense over the distribution network, a generalized cost function is composed. Further, a comprehensive evaluation model is built for a tobacco distribution network.


The neural abnormality of the fetus is the most common malformations and ultrasonography is the familiar method to diagnose.As a subtle clue,lateral ventricle has been widely used in supervising by prenatal ultrasonography.For its non-invasive security,economic,convenient,real-time imaging,has become the preferred way to check the fetus.Magnetic resonance imaging as a powerful complement to ultrasonography,is the ultimate means of diagnosing fetal brain deformity.


Raman spectroscopy is used in many areas including pharmaceuticals, geology, chemical engineering, semiconductors, and the life sciences. More recently, Raman fiber sensors have been developed for minimally invasive applications in clinical histopathology. This paper describes the modeling, fabrication, and testing of filters directly deposited onto the excitation and collection fiber tips of a Raman probe. The narrow spectral width of laser rejection filters on the collection fibers should allow for the detection of low wavenumber Raman scattering within the "fingerprint" region. Deep blocking of the laser radiation is enabled by coating both ends of the collection fibers.


The next generation infrared (IR) detection and imaging technology calls for very large-scale IR sensitive chips with non-compromised performance. IR up-converters based on mature III-V semiconductors are thought to be quite promising candidates. However, the up-converters and the corresponding up-conversion systems so far substantially fall behind traditional IR detectors in terms of device performance due to the more serious trade-off between responsivity and dark current. In this article, a cascade infrared up-converter (CIUP) is proposed. By employing cascade carrier transport, IR responsivity can be enhanced while dark current remains in fairly low level. For the fabricated 4-μm InGaAs/AlGaAs CIUP under 3.3 V at 78 K, the up-conversion efficiency of the system is 2.1 mW/W under 2.1 μW mid-infrared input. Both the up-converter and the up-conversion system are under background-limited infrared performance regime below 120 K. Taking shot noise as the main source of system noise, the CIUP system displays...


Energy efficiency is an important issue in ad-hoc wireless networks since the battery power of terminals is limited. We propose an energy efficient MAC algorithm based on reservation and scheduling for ad-hoc wireless networks. The performance of our proposed MAC scheme is evaluated in view of the number of delayed slots, the channel utilization, and the energy efficiency.


Geo-information resources have been developed for monitoring socio-ecological conditions (using the example of cities in Central Russia). The technologies of the developed GIS allow to take into account the variability of scale, the transformation of cartographic projections, changing the composition of the mapped objects, the formation of queries in numerous databases in real time, variations in the ways of displaying objects. The developed GIS system consists of hierarchically subordinate database sections and thematic cartographic tools reflecting the natural resource potential, the socio-economic and environmental-hygienic situation in the cities of Central Russia.


Undifferentiated dyspnoea is a common patient presentation in the intensive care unit, medical and surgical floors, and in the emergency department. Physical examination and chest radiography are notoriously insensitive for detection and differentiation of various lung pathologies while computed tomography consumes significant resources and exposes the patient to ionizing radiation. Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool that, with appropriate operator experience, is capable of diagnosing and differentiating between the various causes of dyspnoea. PoCUS machines are readily available, images are rapidly generated and repeatable, and technical skills are easily taught during short training sessions. Furthermore, the development of PoCUS skills in one specific area enables and enhances the development of skills in other non-related areas. This article describes the benefits, technical aspects, and challenges associated with using PoCUS to examine the lung parenchyma in the acutely dyspnoeic patient.


The aim of this work is to extend radarclinometry technique to regions where the two current assumptions, (i) Lambertian backscattering and (ii) homogeneous areas, are not possible. For this, we replace the traditional Lambertian model by a backscattering diagram provided by the integral equation model (IEM). Then, to take into account the roughness heterogeneity of the region, we introduce a classification process. In the global algorithm for DEM (digital elevation model), the first iteration classification is determined according to minimum distance, and then the derived altitude is also used to constrain classification. The process is iterative. Validation is performed on four sites in Israel and Tunisia, which represent different cases of arid or semi‐arid regions. Both qualitative and quantitative results are satisfactory. Limits of the method are stressed by the sand dune case.


Age hardening is related to progressive oxidation of all bituminous bound layers in flexible pavements. Excessive age hardening is of particular relevance to surface courses where it can cause premature breakdown; it is of major importance to engineers and scientists involved in the design, construction and maintenance of such pavements. This paper discusses the development of a new method for the accelerated ageing of bituminous mixtures, based on the use of a forced draft approach, to reproduce field-ageing effects in the laboratory. The applicability of the method to ageing of porous asphalt mixtures is investigated using four bitumens: a 100 pen conventional and three polymer modified binders, including Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymers. The new method is shown to be capable of ranking the mixtures in a reasonable order, emphasising the improved properties of polymer modified mixtures. A useful correlation has been established between the ageing resistance of ...


We find laser emission of a (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs VCSEL with picosecond dynamics from 30 up to 388 K. The measured band-gap shift of (GaIn)(NAs) is comparatively small. Theoretically predicted gain spectra at high densities are broad. We conclude that the combination of both effects leads to the VCSEL operation in such a broad temperature regime.


Abstract According to the orthodox theory of linguists all suffixes should have taken their origin in independent words, which have gradually dwindled down to subordination. Though this is evidently true of some suffixes in historical times, such as English -dom and -hood, an enormous multitude of suffixes have never been, and probably never will be, explained in this way. It will be my task here to track the vicissitudes of one English suffix, -en, which serves to transform adjectives like sharp into verbs like sharpen. Such verbs when transitive are generally termed causatives, and when intransitive, inchoatives: in both cases they denote the change in condition from less to more sharp, etc.


In the article, results of exploitation research of three various technical objects (public transportation bus engines) are presented. Gathered data is presented in three sets (1 – concerning object, 2 – concerning driving conditions, 3 – concerning driver, where sets 2 and 3 are object environment) in form of points (expert number assessments). Relation between point information on object and point information on environment was described using coupled state interaction equations. Such approach allowed to determine the following for each moment of exploitation: technical condition parameter aT and operating condition parameter aR, therefore in each moment of exploitation data regarding operating and technical condition of exploited object (bus) is available. This data allows for identification of object aptitude condition and thus optimally control processes of exploitation and service of particular objects as element of set of objects and set of objects.


This paper presents two millimeter-wave lumped-distributed 90deg and 180deg power splitters fabricated in the back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) of a 0.18 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. The 180deg and 90deg power splitters based on mixed lumped-distributed-element three-port Wilkinson power divider with phase shifters at the outputs are shown to achieve an amplitude balance of better than 0.05 dB and 0.21 dB, respectively, at 77 GHz. The return losses for both power splitters are better than 12 dB from 70 GHz to 80 GHz. The effective areas of the 180deg and 90deg splitters are 240 times 440 mum2 and 220 times 400 mum2, respectively.


The idea of exploiting the laws of ideal hydrodynamics to describe the expansion of the strongly interacting matter that is formed in high energy hadronic collisions was first formulated by Landau in 1953 [1]. Because of their conceptual beauty and simplicity, models based on hydrodynamic principles have been applied to calculate a large number of observables for various colliding systems and over a broad range of beam energies. However, it is by no means clear that the highly excited, but still small systems produced in those violent collisions satisfy the criteria justifying a dynamical treatment in terms of a macroscopic theory which follows idealized laws. Indeed, the history of using hydrodynamics for high-energy phenomenology is checkered, with qualitative successes overshadowed by quantitative failures. Only recently, with data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (c.f. the experimental reviews [2–5]), came striking evidence for a strong collective expansion that is, for the first time, in good quantitative agreement with hydrodynamic predictions, at least for the largest collision systems (e.g. Au+Au) at the highest collision energies ( √ s = 200 GeV per nucleon pair) near midrapidity at small to moderate impact parameters. The long list of qualifiers towards the end of the preceding sentence points to continuing limitations of hydrodynamics, at least in its idealized perfect fluid limit: dissipative effects become increasingly important for smaller collision systems, lower collision energies, larger impact parameters and when one moves away from midrapidity. However, once well-calibrated ideal fluid dynamical benchmarks have been established under appropriate experimental conditions, deviations from perfect fluid behaviour can be used to explore transport properties, such as viscosity and heat conduction, of the QCD matter created in the collisions. Such efforts define the present forefront of research in heavy-ion collision dynamics. The validity of ideal hydrodynamics requires local relaxation times towards thermal equilibrium that are much shorter than any macroscopic dynamical time scale. The significance and importance of rapid thermalization of the created fireball matter cannot be over-stressed: Only if the system is close to local thermal equilibrium, its thermodynamic properties, such as its pressure, entropy density and temperature, are well defined. And only under these conditions can we pursue to study the equation of state of strongly interacting matter at high temperatures. This is particularly interesting in the light of the expected phase transition of strongly interacting matter which, at a critical energy density of about 1 GeV/fm 3 , undergoes a transition from a hadron resonance gas to a hot and dense plasma of color deconfined quarks and gluons. Lattice QCD calculations indicate [6–9] that this transition takes place rather rapidly at a critical temperature Tcrit somewhere between 150 and 190 MeV. In this article I review and discuss data and calculations that provide strong evidence that the created fireball matter reaches temperatures above 2 Tcrit and which indicate short thermalization times of order 1–2 fm/c. After a pedagogical introduction into the foundations of relativistic hydrodynamics and of the relativistic fluid dynamic equations for ideal and dissipative fluids, I discuss appropriate initial and final conditions for the hydrodynamic expansion stage. I describe


Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with physiologic changes that are similar to pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Although association of vitamin D and preeclampsia has been studied previously, their results are not consistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum vitamin D and calcium with preeclampsia severity. Materials and Methods: This case- control study was conducted in 75 healthy pregnant women and 74 pregnant women with preeclampsia (46 mild preeclampsia and 28 severe preeclampsia) in Qazvin, Iran in 2015. Serum vitamin D, calcium, and albumin were measured; corrected calcium was also calculated. Hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency were compared between the groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the independent association of hypocalcemia and hypovitaminosis D with preeclampsia. Results Mean serum vitamin D level was 27.7±15.3, 22.9±15.9, and 27.6±16.6 in normal, mild preeclampsia, and severe preeclampsia groups (P> 0.05); also vitamin D deficiency was not different between the groups. Hypocalcemia in severe preeclampsia group was more frequent than normal group (25.9% vs. 6.6%, P: 0.017). Hypocalcemia was associated with severe preeclampsia after adjustment for age, parity, and calcium supplement consumption (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 1.45-30.79; P: 0.015). Conclusion There was not any association between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia in the present study, however low corrected serum calcium was associated with about six times increased risk of sever preeclampsia. More studies are needed to determine the role of hypocalcemia and vitamin D in preeclampsia.


The public policy is the public product which government provides for society to meet public needs.It has effective and ineffective results.Many factors exert great influence upon public policy supply.It is very important to take measures to provide timely,enough and high-quality policy for the society.


Translation technique is the way of doing something which is appropriate with our
skill or ability, such as translate a text from one language into another language,
from source text to target text, especially in translating a narrative text. The
problem of the study was the writer want to know the techniques which are
dominantly used by students of SMAN 3 Langsa in translating a narrative text.
This research would be useful for students and teachers in understanding
translation text. This research used qualitative research with population about 263
students and took 12,5% from the population, it was about 33 students. In this
case, the writer used calculation percentage to analysis data. Then, the writer will
explain descriptively to make information from the research obvious. After doing
this research, the writer found that 56% of 33 students choose literal translation
technique, 51% of 33 students choose equivalence technique, 48% of 33 students
choose calque technique, 43% of 33 students choose transposition technique, and
35% of 33 students choose borrowing technique. Based on this finding, the writer
concluded that the using literal translation technique was dominantly than the
other techniques.


Among heart diseases, Acute Myocardial Infarction outstands, representing one of the main health problems in current times. Objective: descriptive and cross sectional research in health services. Material and meth od : 12 patients from 15 years old and older suffering from Acute Myocardial Infarction and those deceased in the municipal area of Intensive Care in Los Palacios during the period studied. The measures to sum up the qualitative data were used (rates and percentages) and ratio of crossed products (OR). Results: 69 patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction were assisted during the period in the Intensive Care Area having a mortality rate of 17,3%; male sex prevailed and ages from 60 years old and older; thrombolysis was performed in 4,6% of the deceased. Mortality rate in patients assessed in emergencies for possible cardiopulmonary resuscitation increased 8,5 times being or not under thrombolysis did not increase. Conclusions: Acute Myocardial Infarction showed rates over the purpose of this municipal intensive care area, prevailing male patients over 60 years where the assessment of the condition to make possible the cardiopulmonary resuscitation in emergency rooms was affected; which increased in 8,5 times the death rate, while being or not under thrombolysis had not influence in the risk of death.


Molecular biology is one of the main courses in biology engineering majors.In order to improve the teaching quality of the molecular biology course,to meet the requirements of quality of talents cultivation in biology engineering,the connotation and the limitation of application science teaching model in biology engineering were analyzed.Basing on the practice of teaching reform for Molecular Biology course,the reforms in course content optimizing,choosing textbook,teaching methods,innovation of the course appraisement and so on were mainly discussed.


This paper provides a simple general procedure to construct self-consistent spherical equilibrium models of stel- larsystemspopulatedbystarsinquasi-circularorbits.Thefocus on Maxwellian-like distributions in the relevant velocity space and the use of the epicyclic expansion allow us to work with physically intuitive models. Explicit solutions for a sequence of distribution functions with density distribution close to that of isochrone models are produced with varying degrees of pres- sure anisotropy. These results are meant to be the starting point for extensive stability analyses, and they may also be of interest for the construction of quantities such as projected velocity dis- persion and line-of-sight-velocity proles for comparison with observations of elliptical galaxies.


Sulfate and hydroxyl radicals (SO · and ·OH) can be generated in the thermally activated per4 sulfate oxidation system depending upon pH conditions. The objective of this study was to derive a kinetic model for the reaction of SO · and ·OH with a model compound, methylene blue (MB), and 4 to determine the reaction rate constant, radical concentrations and activation energies under various temperatures (60, 70 and 80 °C ) and pH levels (pH 3, 7, and 11). Experiments performed and data analyzed using the developed kinetic model exhibited second-order rate constants for the reaction of 8 8 8 -1 -1


A movement for "non-Western democracy" has emerged from a world frustrated with the inability of liberal democracy and neoliberal globalization to achieve conflict resolution, economic justice, and cultural self-determination and consensus, especially in developing world contexts. Underscoring its decentralized ethnic structures and social movements, which have developed consensual democracy mechanisms and models to address the problems and opportunities that come with democratization, this chapter presents Nigeria as a case study of non-Western democracy. The chapter chronicles Nigeria's evolving and transformational intersections of culture, democracy, and ethnic community in ways that inform a contemporary understanding of the ongoing pressures relayed by the country's ethnic social movements and struggles, its consociational revisions to liberal democracy, and its invocation of decentralized, cultural consensus models. The conclusion reveals how these processes underlay the distinctiveness, challenges, and opportunities confronting Nigerian democracy and analyzes them in the context of a contemporary debate about political restructuring.


The fame of Thomas Campion was interred with him in 1620. Called by Kastendieck the finest poet-musician of the Elizabethan period, he was ranked by his peers with Philip Sidney, Jonson, Donne, and Shakespeare and was known widely as a Doctor in Physicke. His ayres—terse musical poems either erotic or patently religious—represent the most significant efforts of his era to break away from madrigals and repetitive rhyming which were the standard 16th-century musical and poetic forms. A unique musical theoretician whose works were neglected for nearly three centuries, Campion today remains at best a comfortably obscure poet in literary anthologies, unmentioned in texts of medical history and musically unaccredited. Well into his ayre-writing career, he had come reluctantly to the study of medicine as his personal fortune dwindled and he required a legitimate source of income. Thomas Campion was born in Hertfordshire in 1567, the only son of litigious minor


Ontogeny of one generation of pink and chum salmons is described for the period after their juveniles redistribution from coastal waters to deep-water areas in the central and southern Okhotsk Sea in August-November, 2012. The juveniles fed very intensively in August when their diet had about 85 % of proteins and 15 % of lipids due to prevalence of hyperiids and oikopleuras with low fat content. Their growth rate was high at this stage, and energy expenditure on growth took about a half of the ration (56–63 % for pink salmon and 40 % for chum salmon). The feeding intensity became lower in October, but caloric content of the food increased because of partial replacement of its protein fraction by lipids, which content exeeded 75 %. Linear growth rate decreased in October in 3.8 times for pink salmon and in 1.8 times for chum salmon, it took 21–27 % of food energy for the pink and almost the same portion as in August for the chum. Both feeding activity, growth rate, and fat deposit depended on temperature. Temperature in August was more favorable for feeding and metabolic processes, in particular for pink salmon that was able to consume daily up to 1/10 of its body weight and spend > 50 % of the energy for the growth, but water cooling in October caused lesser feeding, lower metabolism, and slower growth.


The hydrologically based three-layer variable infiltration capacity (VIC-3L) land surface model with a new surface runoff model is applied to simulate streamflow for the Hanjiang River basin in China. The required soil parameters are derived from the soil classification information of global 5 min data provided by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) Hydrology Office, the vegetation parameters are derived based on advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and land data assimilation system (LDAS) information, and the forcing data are obtained through interpolation methods based on 740 meteorological stations. All of the data (i.e., soil, vegetation, and forcings) required by the VIC-3L model are compiled at 25 km × 25 km resolution for the Hanjiang River basin, and the daily forcing data are available for the period of 1980-1990. The VIC-3L model is applied to the Hanjiang River basin, and the VIC-3L simulated daily runoff is routed to the outlets of six streamflow stations and compared with the daily and monthly observed streamflow at the stations. The results show that the model can simulate the observations well.


BACKGROUND
Dynamic articular disc abnormality (wR, with reduction; woR, without reduction) is well-known as the risk factor for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). However, there are few speculations on the potential risk of positional disc abnormalities for TMJOA.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative risk of positional abnormality and dynamic abnormality of the temporomandibular disc for OA after the three-dimensional interpretation of all the sagittal and coronal planes of magnetic resonance (MR) data in a large dataset of consecutive subjects.

METHODS
Experimental samples consisted of images of 1356 TMJs of patients. A diagnosis of disc state was established in each TMJ utilizing a 1.5T MR imaging scanner. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the significant associations between the outcome (dependent variable: the presence of OA) and the predictors (covariates: age, sex, dynamic disc state [the presence of woR], and 5 categories of the positional disc state [NA, no abnormality; SW, sideways; pADD, partial anterior; cADD, complete anterior; PDD, posterior]).

RESULTS
Based on the result of the binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of woR showed an odds ratio of 14.1 (P<0.05). In addition, compared with the joints NA, those with SW and cADD showed odds ratios of 5.62 and 10.88, respectively (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
Despite the limitations of the study, in the positional disc abnormalities, sideways disc displacement and complete anterior disc displacement could be associated with the occurrence of TMJOA. All the coronal and sagittal MR images should be evaluated to assess intra-articular joint disorders accurately.


Detecting densely arranged objects is challenging due to the lack of generic definitions and the feature coupling between nearby objects. This paper proposes mathematical definitions of the instance-level, image-level, and dataset-level object density by information theory, called Density Index (DI). The DI shows a high consistency with human perception, serving as a powerful guide for aerial object detection, including data assessment and detector customization. Under the guidance of the DI, we design a DeDet to enhance the detector's performance in detecting densely arranged objects. DeDet pursues accurate location for densely arranged objects by the Density-aware Label Assignment (DLA) and Density-aware Feature Extraction (DFE), conquering the heuristic that the sample assignment and feature extraction are performed independently for each object. Experiments on the DOTA-v1.0 and DOTA-v2.0 show that DeDet can bring a significant improvement to the baseline detector.


Abstract INTRODUCTION Epidemiological surveys revealed that Brazil has a high burden of oral diseases. However, no prior study has reported estimates of untreated dental caries, periodontitis, and edentulism over a three-decade period. The objective of this study is to report the trends of prevalence, incidence, and years-lived with disability (YLDs) due to untreated dental caries in primary and permanent teeth, periodontitis, and edentulism in Brazil between 1990 and 2019. METHODS Estimates of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs due to dental caries in primary and permanent teeth, periodontitis, and edentulism were produced for Brazil, by sex and age, between 1990 and 2019, using Dismod-MR 2.1, as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Trends of oral disorders were analyzed using generalized linear regression models applying the Prais-Winsten method. RESULTS Almost 100 million Brazilians presented at least one oral disorder in 2019, which was equivalent to a prevalence of 45.3%. All oral diseases combined ranked eighth among all causes of disability, causing more than 970,000 YLDs. Untreated dental caries in primary teeth were estimated to affect 13.5 million children, and untreated dental caries in permanent teeth affected more than 52 million people. Periodontitis affected 29.5 million people, and edentulism affected almost 22 million. The generalized linear regression models revealed a trend of stability of oral disorders between 1990 and 2019. CONCLUSIONS The burden of oral diseases in Brazil is extremely high. Oral disorders, edentulism in particular, caused disability at levels that are comparable to other important chronic diseases.


Water availability is a strong driver of structure and function of the ecosystems. We know that water can be very sensitive to temporal changes in precipitation. However, the analysis of precipitation variability plays an important role in the way it influences ecological and agricultural water requirements. The area chosen for this study is located in the North-East of Algeria in the province of Guelma on the massif forest of Mahouna which is a Mediterranean area. This article examines annual, seasonal, monthly and daily rainfall over the region from 1986 to 2010. The temporal variation, season and daily distribution of the precipitation were analyzed using precipitation index and statistically analyses (t-test of student and Pearson correlation). The results show that spring and autumn have the same mean of the amount of precipitation; however, the spring precipitation was correlated positively and very strongly with annual precipitation. The climate of the massif forest of Mahouna is characterized by alternate wet and dry seasons from year to year.


Sir, The publication of the article 'Hepatic glycogen svnthetase deficiency: further studies on a family', by J. R. W. Dykes and J. Spencer-Peet (1972), is very welcome. A further description of these patients will allow us to screen patients with idiopathic hypoglycaemia better. However, I want to take exception to Table VI, suggesting a system for differential diagnosis by various tests. As was described in your journal by Femandes, Huijing, and van de Kamer (1969), there is a definite rise in blood lactate concentration in patients with a deficiency of the debranching enzyme system, as well as in patients with a phosphorylase (kinase) defect after administration of galactose. Furthermore, there is a normal response of the blood glucose in children with the phosphorylase kinase defect after glucagon administration. Preliminary differential diagnosis of glycogen-storage disease has been made by numerous paediatricians all over the world on the basis of our screening technique outlined in our paper. These preliminary diagnoses have, with very few exceptions, been confirmed in our laboratory by enzyme assays. Exceptions are patients with idiopathic hyperlactic acidaemia and Leigh's disease (Tang et al., 1972; Grover, Auerbach and Patel, 1972), and defects in gluconeogenesis (Baker and Winegrad, 1970). In my opinion the Table should read as shown. It can be seen that the various tests in patients with debranching enzyme deficiency and with glycogen synthetase deficiency give the same results. FRANS HUIJING Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33152, U.S.A.


Evaluation of ceramic coatings with graded metal-to-ceramic transition zones and columnar ceramic structures have been completed. The ceramic materials investigated were ZrO/sub 2/.20 Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ZrO/sub 2/.8 Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/.40 Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ deposited over NiCrAlY and CoCrAlY bond layers. Dense ceramic closeout layers were deposited over the columnar ceramic to reduce coating permeability. The majority of the zirconia coatings failed as a result of massive diffusion of aluminum (MCrAlY) and oxygen (ZrO/sub 2/) in the graded metal-ceramic layer. Coating fracture occurred very low in the graded transition zone where a band of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and voids formed. These acted as a preferred path for crack propagation. For this reason, the ZrO/sub 2/ coating which had no graded transition zone performed best in thermal-cycling experiments. Graded Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ - CoCrAlY layers were less affected by interdiffusion. However, deposition of ceramic layers of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/.40 Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ or ZrO/sub 2/.20 Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ over graded Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ - CoCrAlY layers displayed poor adherence.


BNP Paribas Real Estate's latest research reports that despite overall volume of deals over £100m in price being down in 2011 and 2012, the preference for quality, trophy buildings remains very much in place.


The article deals with theoretical calculation of contact welding forces under action of through-fault current of 20 kA. Vibration time and contacts welding force value are obtained through contact and thermal calculations. For a designed two-position actuator with permanent magnets, it is shown that at closure speeds of about 2.3 m/s, vibration time is not sufficient for contacts welding with the force which the drive mechanism could not overcome.


OBJECTIVE
To measure vertical axis length of humerus head in patients with proximal humeral fractures and to evaluate the use of structure screws in proximal humerus internal locking osteosynthesis system (PHILOS).

METHODS
From January 2007 to February 2014,117 patients with proximal humerus fracture were treated by PHILOS plate. Preoperatively, all the patients tookanteroposterior X-ray of shoulder, and the vertical axis length of humerus head were measured, and the use of structure screws in PHILOS plate was observed.

RESULTS
There were 40 male and 77 female patients; The vertical axis length of humerus head in male patients was (47.64±3.44) mm, and the rate of structure screw use was 52.5%; The vertical axis length of humerus head in female patients was (42.46±3.21) mm, and the rate of structure screw use was 32.5%. The vertical axis length of humerus head and the rate of structure screw use had significant difference in the male and female groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
The rate of structure screw use was low in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture by PHILOS plate, especially for women. We should improve the design of plate according to the anatomical characteristics of Chinese.


This chapter describes how initiatives developed at the University of West Florida provide services for students who are on active duty around the world, as well as those stationed at bases in the region. Descriptions of programs and recommendations are also presented.


A precursor of lithium manganese oxide was synthesized by mixing in ethanol using a sol-gel method, then heat-treated at in air atmosphere. The condition of heat treatment was determined by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The characterization of the lithium manganese oxide was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical characteristics of lithium manganese oxide electrode for lithium ion battery were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and AC impedance method using constant charge/discharge process. The electrochemical behaviors of the electrode have been investigated in a 1.0M carbonate electrolyte solution. The diffusivity of lithium ions, , as determined by AC impedance technique was .


An investigation entitled, "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on growth, yield and quality of jasmine grown on Inceptisol" was carried out at Satpuda Botanic Garden, College of Agriculture, Nagpur from first week of January, 2016 to first week of August, 2016. The treatments were comprised of the ten combinations of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers i.e. T1 – Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), T2 – RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, T3 – 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, T4 – 50% RDF + Azatobacter + PSB, T5 – 100% N (Vermicompost) + remaining dose of P and K through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter + PSB, T6 – 100% N (Cow Dung Slurry) + remaining dose of P and K through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter + PSB, T7 – 100% N (Farm Yard Manure) + remaining dose of P and K through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter + PSB, T8 – 50% N (Vermicompost) + remaining dose of NPK through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter + PSB, T9 – 50% N (Cow Dung Slurry) + remaining dose of NPK through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter + PSB and T10 – 50% N (Farm yard manure) + remaining dose of NPK through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter + PSB. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The results obtained in the present investigation indicated that, nutrient uptake in flower and leaves of jasmine flowers were significantly improved in treatment 100% N (Vermicompost) + remaining dose of P and K through chemical fertilizers + Azotobacter + PSB.


With the transformation of society,economy and culture and the increasing employment pressure,college students' individual minds have also been greatly affected,and this may result in some negative emotions,such as anxiety,restlessness,depression,and pessimism.Thus it is urgent to solve the problems of how to improve college students' psychological qualities and how to promote their harmonious development.If it's possible to offer students some common courses of calligraphy in undergraduate education,to explore the relationship between calligraphy and individual psychological qualities and the relationship between the physiological mechanism of calligraphy practice and the individual psychology,and to discuss the effect of the intervention of calligraphy practice on the promotion of positive psychological development of college students,a practical way can be found to improve college students' psychological qualities and humanistic cultivation.


The economic development of a nation remains paramount to any government and this can be achieved through the activities of macromarketing. The study conceptually and empirically showed how the activities of macromarketing by firms in the area of retail, telecommunication and aviation had led to improvement in per capita income, standard of living, job creation, alleviation of poverty, increase in government revenues, improved infrastructural facilities. Government is required to encourage all sector in economy to act responsibly and ensure that both firms and government act in the interest of the nation


While very little is yet known about the root system depth of sugar cane, the study set out to model the potential root extraction ratio in soil (PRER), by counting root intersections (RI) obtained using the trench?profile method (TPM), to infer the spatial distribution of sugar cane root length densities (RLD) and root distances (RD). The experiment was conducted in a deep clayey cambisol in Reunion. RI values were counted using a grid with a 5 x 5 cm mesh, down to a depth of 4 m over a 1.5 m wide soil profile. The results revealed: i) wide variability in root distribution between the soil surface and root front (4 m), with many competing roots and other rootless zones over distances of more than 5 cm, ii) the PRER, calculated as the ratio of the volume of soil available to a root for water uptake to the volume of soil assigned to that root, ranged from 80% near the surface to values between 30% and 1% between 1 and 3 m, iii) if RLD mean values were used to estimate usable water, as is often the case in crop models, the values were overestimated, with an even greater gap when only depth of the root front was accounted for. It is thought that the PRER approach may be an indicator of crop functioning under water stress and may facilitate the identification of genotypes able to withstand drought, as reported by Nidichao et al., (2011) for oil palm. (Resume d'auteur)


Large deep foundation pits are usually in a complex environment, so their surface deformation tends to show a stable rising trend with a small range of fluctuation, which brings certain difficulty to the prediction work. Therefore, in this study we proposed a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) prediction method based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) pretreatment is proposed for this feature. Firstly, EWT is used to conduct adaptive decomposition of the measured deformation data and extract the modal signal components with characteristic differences. Secondly, the main components affecting the deformation of the foundation pit are analyzed as a part of the external input. Then, we established a NARX prediction model for different components. Finally, all predicted values are superpositioned to obtain a total value, and the result is compared with the predicted results of the nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) model, empirical mode decomposition-nonlinear autoregressive (EMD-NAR) model, EWT-NAR model, NARX model, EMD-NARX model and EWT-NARX model. The results showed that, compared with the EWT-NAR and EWT-NARX models, the EWT-NARX model reduced the mean square error of KD25 by 91.35%, indicating that the feature of introducing external input makes NARX more suitable for combining with the EWT method. Meanwhile, compared with the EMD-NAR and EWT-NAR models, the introduction of the NARX model reduced the mean square error of KD25 by 78.58% and 95.71%, indicating that EWT had better modal decomposition capability than EMD.


In present work heat transfer in particle-laden wall-bounded turbulent flows has been study with the fluid-particle one way interaction approach. Direct Numerical Simulation of the flow, combined with Lagrangian particle tracking technique has been performed to study the problem. In presented configuration small solid and dense particles carrying by fluid forces are influence by turbulent non-isothermal flow. Numerical computation was performed for various grids for Reynolds number 180, 395 and the molecular Prandtl number 1.0. The effect of particle diameter and density as well as the effect of the Reynolds and Prandtl number on the statistical quantities was examined. The flow field, spatial pattern of particle concentration and particle temperature were presented. It has been shown that particles finally were distributed not uniformly nor hydrodynamic nor thermally.


An amorphous-silicon (a-Si) field emitter array (FEA) has been fabricated on a glass substrate and characterized, At first, a 0.3-/spl mu/m-thick Cr film was deposited on the glass by vacuum evaporation technique and subsequently a 1-/spl mu/m-thick Si film was deposited on the Cr film by conventional RF sputtering technique with an undoped Si target at room temperature. The sputtered Si film was identified as amorphous from X-ray diffraction patterns and had a resistivity of 3-5 k/spl Omega/-cm. The FEA consists of 1-/spl mu/m-high emitter tips and a gate electrode with 1.8-/spl mu/m-diameter openings. This a-Si FEA with 5/spl times/5 (=25) tips exhibited a threshold voltage of 30 V and an emission current of 2 /spl mu/A at a gate voltage of 100 V. Structure and emission characteristics are discussed.


Objective: This study was planned to assess the role and involvement of community pharmacists in self-medication Methods: The study was designed as a cross sectional observational study at randomly selected community pharmacies in Kozhikode city, Kerala, India for a period of 6 months. Pharmacists working in community pharmacies with minimum experience of 6 months were enrolled in the study. This study assessed pharmacist involvement in self-medication. A total of 104 community pharmacists were enrolled into this study. Questionnaire designed for the purpose given to Community pharmacist and conducted direct interview. Results: Among the 104 community pharmacists enrolled in the study, 83.65% are giving over the counter medicines to the customer without doctor's prescription, for self-care with adequate information. No pharmacist is supplying prescription drugs without valid prescriptions. No patient is experiencing serious self-medication related problems According to the participant pharmacists, most of the patients are buying medicines by disease name. Usually the selection of medicine is done by pharmacists. Main diseases for  which pharmacist give medicine without prescription include fever, headache, GI problems, cold & cough, pains and minor wounds. Most of the customers are taking other medication with doctor's advice, so it is important for a pharmacist to ask customers about other medicines and chose the correct medicine for their illness to avoid complications. Conclusions: Taking medicine without prescription is not at all a good decision, but in case of   minor illness, previously occurred illness, lack of time and non-availability of doctor people will go for self-medication. In such circumstances people should be well informed about the medicine they are going to take to avoid complications.


Industrial heat sources have made a great contribution to Chinese economic development. However, it has also been found that emissions from industrial heat sources are the main contribution to regional air pollution. Therefore, the detection of industrial heat sources and the expression of related information is becoming important. In this paper, the detection of industrial heat sources was used to express industrial information, thus that the accuracy of the detection of industrial thermal anomalies could be improved and the problems of noise and missing parameters addressed. A model for expressing industrial information based on object-oriented industrial heat sources and using multi-source thermal anomaly data in China was, therefore, proposed. It was a new real-time, objective, and real way to describe the production operation status of industrial heat sources on a large-scale area. First, 4340 working industrial heat sources in mainland China were detected by applying an adaptive k-means algorithm to ACF (NPP VIIRS 375-m active fire/hotspot data) data from the period 19 January 2012 to 31 December 2020. Secondly, several features of working industrial heat sources were extracted from NPP VIIRS 375-m active fire/hotspot data (ACF), VIIRS Nightfire data (VNF), and the Fires product based on Landsat-8 AIRCAS (L8F) data. Areas containing working industrial heat sources were then identified based on these different types of fire data. Light, land-surface temperature, and CO2 and N2O emissions data related to the working industrial heat sources were also extracted. The results show that feature parameters extracted from the multi-source thermal anomaly data mostly have a good positive correlation with the other parameters.


People flow data are utilized in diverse fields such as urban and commercial planning and disaster management. However, people flow data collected from mobile phones, such as using global positioning system and call detail records data, are difficult to obtain because of privacy issues. Even if the data were obtained, they would be difficult to handle. This study developed pseudo-people-flow data covering all of Japan by combining public statistical and travel survey data from limited urban areas. This dataset is not a representation of actual travel movements but of typical weekday movements of people. Therefore it is expected to be useful for various purposes. Additionally, the dataset represents the seamless movement of people throughout Japan, with no restrictions on coverage, unlike the travel surveys. In this paper, we propose a method for generating pseudo-people-flow and describe the development of a "Pseudo-PFLOW" dataset covering the entire population of approximately 130 million people. We then evaluated the accuracy of the dataset using mobile phone and trip survey data from multiple metropolitan areas. The results showed that a coefficient of determination of more than 0.5 was confirmed for comparisons regarding population distribution and trip volume. 8:00 p.m. for each of scales Figure 10. To confirm the effectiveness of the behavioral model, the R2 values are shown with mobile phone data for each time period and pseudo-people-flow data at 6:00 a.m. The results show no change in accuracy by the time of day at either scale. The evaluation at scales smaller than the administrative boundary level shows that the comparison results between the mobile phone data and pseudo-people-flow data at 6:00 a.m. is worse toward midday when many people are active. The results indicate that the behavioral model replicates the movement of people, capturing changes in population distribution.


In geothermal energy exploration, the reservoir rock is always subjected to
 thermal cycles and its physical properties will be seriously affected. In
 this paper, the changes of the internal structure of the sandstone after the
 thermal cycle are firstly evaluated by ultrasonic tests. Then, uniaxial
 compression tests are conducted on the treated specimens. The effects of the
 thermal cycling on mechanical properties and energy evolution law of the
 sandstone are analyzed. The results show that the density, P-wave velocity
 and mechanical properties of the sandstone reduced with the increase in the
 thermal cycle, especially in the high temperature cycle. The increase of the
 temperature in the thermal cycle can increase the influence of the thermal
 cycle on the energy evolution law.


We conducted the experiment in the laboratory to study the changes of the soil cohesion (C) with the ratio of water content and cohesive soil content (m) and dry density (ρ_d). The results show that the soil cohesion decreases with the increasing of cohesive soil content. When m ≥ 1.33, C does not change much with the increasing of m, and its value is less than 5.0kPa (some less than 10.0kPa). When m 1.33, C decreases linearly with the increase of m. When 1.0m1.2, C is stagnant with the change of m. When m0.8, C increases with the decrease of m sharply.


Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are considered significant contributors to cancer progression, especially metastasis. However, it is still unclear whether NETs are involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocarcinogenesis and have potential clinical significance during evaluation and management for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional mechanism of NETs in HBV‐related hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance.


The intention in this article is to propose an alternative to the modernist structural manner of referring to and representing the Holocaust. The alternative is based on performative paradigms in tourist research and on the reading of Peter Eisenmann's Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a cultural heritage site in the center of Berlin. In places of remembrance such as Auschwitz-Birkenau the place is the scene ofthe crime but in the emotional geography of Peter Eisenmann the visitor experiences a cool authenticity, a light physical inscription in the cultural heritage. Contrary to the consuming of places which the gazing tourist perform the witnessing visitor invests bodily in this place and this investment becomes the coin of exchange with the past.


We investigate a hypothesis that energy accumulation and the subsequent release in NaI(Tl) may lead to pulse-like events in the few-keV energy regime, a phenomenon suggested by the crystal manufacturing company Saint-Gobain, who provided the crystals for DAMA-LIBRA. While we observed delayed long-lasting light emission in a 3"NaI(Tl) crystal after exposing it to UV light, the delayed light consists primarily of single photons that are uncorrelated with each other. We also observe delayed light emission in NaI(Tl) following gamma radiation and large ionization events like cosmic-ray muons. We found that irradiating the crystal with red light after UV exposure significantly suppressed delayed photon emissions.


A large-aperture 160-element coherent hydrophone array system, developed in-house at Northeastern University, was deployed and tested at sea in shallow water Great South Channel and deep ocean south of Rhode Island during September 2021. The system implements the passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing technology for real-time instantaneous wide area ocean monitoring. The array data sampled at 100 kHz per element were processed in real-time at sea to provide beamformed spectrogram imagery in multiple frequency subbands from 10 Hz to 50 kHz and spanning 360 degree horizontal azimuths about the receiver array. A wide variety of acoustic detections were made in real time, including marine mammal vocalizations and motion-related signals, fish grunts and other fish-generated signals, tonal and broadband signals from distant ships and own tow ship. Real-time detections of marine mammal vocalizations include fin whale 20 Hz pulses, humpback whale songs and social sounds, minke whale buzz sequences, sperm whale echolocation and social clicks, dolphin whistles and echolocation clicks, as well as calls from unidentified baleen and toothed whale species. A database of automatically detected signals with bearing-time information along with extracted time-frequency characteristics was generated in real-time at sea.