The invention discloses a novel bactericidal corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components in percentage by mass: measured by the mass of the composition as 100%, 1-30% of biquaternary ammonium salt of quinoline and alkyl tertiary ammonium, 1-30% of biquaternary ammonium salt of alkyl tertiary ammonium, 1-15% of organic urea compound, 1-10% of organic amine compound, 1-20% of alkyl quaternary ammonium salt, 1-10% of glutaraldehyde, 1-10% of alkynyl alcohol, 1-10% of higher fatty acid amides derivative, 1-10% of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether and the balance of water; the corrosion inhibitor disclosed by the invention can control the corrosion of media with different oil-water ratios in the oil well output liquid of an oil-gas-water gathering and transportation system in the oilfield production, when the corrosion inhibitor addition reaches 100mg/L, the inhibition rate can reach above 75%, the corrosion rate can be controlled at below 0.076mm/a, the sterilization rate reaches above 99%, and the problems that the adaptation range of a commercially available corrosion inhibitor to the change in the properties of the media of the oil well output liquid is small, the inhibition rate is low, the emulsion affects demulsification and the commercially available corrosion inhibitor can not control the bacterial reproduction of the medium are solved.


Supply chain management and communication of product-related information across the chain is gaining importance in agribusiness. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) and especially internet-based technologies to communicate information is one approach to supporting the information needs of supply chain management. In this paper, experiences made during the development and implementation of a prototype for a chain information system in the regional quality grain program "Eifelahre" are discussed. Strict and clear terms of business within the supply chain – as provided by "Eifelahre" help to establish well-defined rules for transaction and thereby provide an integrated and straightforward data model. The implementation in the quality program also limits the number of players involved and defines standards for the data collected and the quality of data. The adopted development approach is a combination of established principals of software engineering and prototyping techniques. Experiences discussed cover essential areas of the implementation process: System analysis, semantic modeling, data modeling, the requirements of information architecture and considerations on the ergonomics of use. Methods of testing are reviewed in the context of the implementation process.


Search methods often display non-convergence or excessive convergence time on certain classes of nonlinear functions arising in engineering design. The authors will define a new geometric -programming based search method for single variable polynomials that displays quadratic convergence from any starting point Comparison over a group of test problems is made with a version of Newton's method


A newly published article in Natural Sciences Education describes a year-long study at Illinois State University where students in a farm management class assessed their own risk tolerance. Through the use of "cheap talk" (a non-binding, non-verifiable message), approximately half of the class was informed that people generally say they are willing to take more risk than they actually take in real-life situations.


Background: Liver organoids, an attracting source for studying cell to cell interaction, drug screening, and disease modeling in three-dimension systems were demonstrated to be developed from EpCAM + cells. Our group previously reported chemically derived hepatic progenitors (hCdHs), reprogrammed from human primary hepatocytes with bi-potent differentiation capacity and EpCAM + feature. Therefore, we aimed to generate organoids showing characteristics of liver organoids using hCdHs. Methods: To generate hCdHs, human primary hepatocytes were cultured with reprogramming medium including HGF, A83-01 and CHIR99021 for 7 days. Isolated human liver cells and hCdHs were cultured on Matrigel with organoid medium to generate human adult liver organoids and hCdHs derived liver organoids (hCdHO). Results: hCdHO were morphologically undistinguished and showed high generation efficiency compared with human adult liver organoids. hCdHO were stably expanded over a 6-month period and expressed liver organoid-specific markers. hCdHO cultured in hepatic differentiation medium showed increased expression of hepatic markers and functional capacity such as CYP activity. Upon transplantation in FRG mice models, hCdHO effectively repopulated the injured liver. We further developed an alcoholic liver model using hCdHO cultured in hepatic differentiation medium under ethanol treatment which presented us with alcoholic liver disease associated alternations in mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that hCdHO have a potential to be a novel liver organoid cell source for performing disease modeling.


: In this research, (ITO, ZnO, CdS and CdTe) films had been prepared by thermal vaporization, where the films deposited on glass slides separately at (1350 °C) (XRD, AFM and UV) tests were done on the samples, and found that all films were multiple crystallization. And the ITO film was cubic structure at the favorite granular growth orientation (222). The results of X-Ray Diffraction showed that the film of Zinc Oxide was hexagonal structure at the favorite granular growth orientation (200). Also, the results showed that the CdS film was hexagonal structure at the favorite granular growth orientation (002). And the results showed that CdTe film was cubic structure at the favorite granular growth orientation (111). The results of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM).Were studied Also the absorption and transmittance spectra for all prepared films in wave length ( 𝜆 range (300-1100) nanometer. The optical energy gap (Eg) was calculated by absorption spectrum and had the value of (3.50 eV) for ITO film, (3.70 eV) for ZnO, (2.40 eV) for CdS and (1.40 eV) for CdTe film. Also the transmittance (T) and the refractive coefficient (n) for the deposited films were calculated.


There is a popular perception that recent trade liberalisation in South Africa has been bad for jobs. This paper examines this by investigating the relationship between tariffs, both levels and changes, and wages in the manufacturing sector. This is done through matching individual labour force data with industry level tariff data and estimating Mincerian earnings equations. The results suggest that an identical individual in a low tariff sector earns more than one in a high tariff sector. Furthermore, wages are higher in those sectors that have undergone greater liberalisation. These results are robust to controlling for sector characteristics as well as selectivity into manufacturing jobs. Contrary to popular perception, these results suggest that trade liberalisation is good for wages. Two possible explanations of this positive relationship are investigated. The first is that trade liberalisation has resulted in low wage job shedding in those sectors that have liberalised. There is some evidence that this is occurring. The second is that wages in liberalising sectors have risen relative to sectors where tariffs have remained the same – the evidence provided suggests that this may also be an explanation.


To provide a rod coupling assembly for connecting rod from the individual pedicle screw system. Rod coupling assembly comprises at least one rod receiving body, and at least one cam mechanism. Rod receiving body and the cam mechanism, cooperate to capture the distraction rod and holds. Cam mechanism engages the rod, by rotation of the cam mechanism, having a helical cam surface for pressing the rod into the holding position. In one embodiment, the assembly, by a single rod-receiving body captures the two rods, hold. In another embodiment, the assembly captures the head portion of the rod and pedicle screw by one rod receiving body holds. In yet another embodiment, the assembly comprises a lever which functions to secure the first rod receiving body to the second rod-receiving body.


The researcher sought to establish the effect of audit committee characteristics on financial performance among deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. This study was supported by the following specific objectives: to determine the effect of size of audit committee, the composition of audit committee, and the independence of the audit committee. This research adopted a descriptive research design. This study target population was 166 employees working in deposit taking SACCOs. The study has shown that audit committee experience is positively associated with firm performance. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. The findings established that independent auditors have a negative influence on firm performance. It was concluded that the size of the audit committee should be embraced so as to have expertise in improving financial performance of SACCOS.


OBJECTIVES
To explore the predictive value of inflammatory-nutritional score (INS) and a nomogram for survivals in head and neck soft tissue sarcoma (HNSTS) patients with negative resection margins (R0).

METHODS
Clinical characteristics and hematological features of 315 HNSTS patients underwent R0 surgery were analyzed.

RESULTS
The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate, 3-year recurrence-free survival rate and disease-free survival (DFS) rate were 77.3%, 61.0% and 55.4%, respectively. High INS was associated with a deep tumor location (p<0.001), high tumor grade (p<0.001), and advanced AJCC stage (p<0.001). The low-risk group (INS 0) exhibited a higher 5-year OS rate and 3-year DFS rate than others (87.6% vs. 81.3% vs. 53.3%, p<0.001; 62.2% vs. 56.9% vs. 37.9%, p=0.007). The INS (p=0.023), tumor depth (p<0.001), pT classification (p=0.022), pN classification (p<0.001) and tumor grade (p<0.001) were independent survival predictors. Moreover, a novel nomogram for predicting OS was generated and assessed by the concordance index, exhibiting a better performance than the p7TNMG classification alone (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
For R0 resected HNSTS patients, the oncological outcomes can be predicted using the INS system and a specific nomogram.


A compound dispersing agent consisting of anion surfactant, non ion surfactant and coupled agent is more favourable to dispersing and stability of the electrophoretic solution colour than that made of single surfactant. The effects of component of dispersing agent on the stability of the electrophoretic solution of acrylic acid catholyte were discussed.


One or more embodiments may include a trip planning system for planning a based on the charge an electric vehicle battery drive. The trip planning system may include one or multiple computers that are located away from an electric vehicle, including, one or may have multiple battery packs, in order to provide the electric vehicle with energy. The computer may be configured to receive geographic parameters defining a ride and a battery charge status of the one or the plurality of electric vehicle battery packs. The computer may be further configured to determine that the trip on the battery charge status can not be terminated based. The computer may additionally be configured to present a battery charge request to stop the ride.


The electric field is described macroscopically using the integral equation method.The boundary problem needn't be considered,and the field value at an arbitrary point in the space can be calculated directly without restrict requirement of mesh.However,the calculation of coupling coefficient is very difficult,so the application of the integral equation method is limited.In this paper,structure function is used to calculate the field produced by the ferrite.The domain of integration is changed from the global coordinate system to local coordinate system in the calculation of coupling coefficient,and the value is calculated by numerical integration.The restrict requirement of mesh is loosened.The integral equation method is developed,which can be used to calculate the effect of ferrite with any structure..The magnetic field caused by toroidal sample with square section is calculated with integral equation method.The result of simulated calculation is compared with theoretic result calculated by Ampere's law.The veracity of the method is validated.


(urban or rural) and the degree of official toleration or persecution. A study of Old Believer spirituality argues that it drew on standard Eastern Orthodox sources. A central motif was the retreat to the desert away from the sinful and fallen world; paradoxically, however, most of the focus was on corporate worship and community norms rather than the individual spirituality that was the central concern of the Desert Fathers. Ever placing his analysis of Russian religious dissent in comparative perspective with Western European Christianity, Crummey makes an impassioned case that Russian scholars would do well to be more familiar with the historiography of Western Christianity, but also that scholars of European Protestantism and Catholicism have much to gain from a greater knowledge of Russia. I can think of no better entry into the world of the Russian Old Believers and the study of them than this collection. It is essential reading for anyone interested in Russian religious culture, but will also be of interest to those who work on seventeenth and eighteenth century Christianity or any form of religious dissent.


A mathematical formulation of the problem of selecting a development plan for a regional network of radioelectronic systems is proposed, along with a solution obtained by a modified numerical method in which rational solutions are constructed on the basis of the generation of LP τ sequences.


the Bell theorem stands as an insuperable roadblock in the path to a very desired intuitive solution of the EPR paradox and, hence, it lies at the core of the current lack of a clear interpretation of the quantum formalism. The theorem states through an experimentally testable inequality that the predictions of quantum mechanics for the Bell's polarization states of two entangled particles cannot be reproduced by any statistical model of hidden variables that shares certain intuitive features. In this paper we show, however, that the proof of the Bell theorem involves a subtle, though crucial, assumption that is not required by fundamental physical principles and, hence, it is not necessarily fulfilled in the experimental setup that tests the inequality. Indeed, this assumption can neither be properly implemented within the standard framework of quantum mechanics. Namely, the proof of the theorem assumes that there exists a preferred absolute frame of reference, supposedly provided by the lab, which enables to compare the orientation of the polarization measurement devices for successive realizations of the experiment and, hence, to define jointly their response functions over the space of hypothetical hidden configurations for all their possible alternative settings. We notice, however, that only the relative orientation between the two measurement devices in every single realization of the experiment is a properly defined physical degree of freedom, while their global rigid orientation is a spurious gauge degree of freedom. Hence, the preferred frame of reference required by the proof of the Bell theorem does not necessarily exist. In fact, it cannot exist in models in which the gauge symmetry of the experimental setup under global rigid rotations of the two detectors is spontaneously broken by the hidden configurations of the pair of entangled particles and a non-zero geometric phase appears under some cyclic gauge symmetry transformations. Following this observation, we build an explicitly local model of hidden variables that reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics for the Bell's states.


The possibilities of civilizational development of the country are largely determined by the level of educational culture of the society. The educational culture of a society determines both the motivational sphere of human activity and the social orientation of all social transformations. Education, culture and society are the three most important components of the educational culture of a society. However, the initial and system-forming element in this integral concept is the concept of "culture". Also of great importance for the formation of the educational culture of society is the ethnic mentality, which in this approach can be considered as an archetype, a cultural paradigm.


In the framework of the simplest little Higgs model, we perform a comprehensive study for the pair productions of the pseudoscalar boson {eta} and standard model-like Higgs boson h at LHC, namely gg(bb){yields}{eta}{eta}, gg(qq){yields}{eta}h, and gg(bb){yields}hh. These production processes provide a way to probe the couplings between Higgs bosons. We find that the cross section of gg{yields}{eta}{eta} always dominates over that of bb{yields}{eta}{eta}. When the Higgs boson h which mediates these two processes is on-shell, their cross sections can reach several thousand fb and several hundred fb, respectively. When the intermediate state h is off-shell, those two cross sections are reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. The cross sections of gg{yields}{eta}h and qq{yields}{eta}h are about in the same order of magnitude, which can reach O(10{sup 2} fb) for a light {eta} boson. Besides, compared with the standard model prediction, the cross section of a pair of standard model-like Higgs bosons production at LHC can be enhanced sizably. Finally, we briefly discuss the observable signatures of {eta}{eta}, {eta}h, and hh at the LHC.


Intestinal metaplasia in the stomach increases the risk of gastric cancer, and the increased risk is proportional to the extent of the metaplasia. This risk could be generated by one or more mechanisms: (1) the metaplastic tissue is an early step in a multistep induction process; (2) the metaplastic tissue is an epigenetic change that raises the pH of gastric juice by replacing oxyntic mucosa, favoring the growth of a bacteria capable of generating endogenous mutagens; and/or (3) the metaplasia is only a marker for chronic gastritis due to H. pylori infection or pernicious anemia. With the last mechanism, the inflammatory response favors intramural mutagenesis that might result in metaplasia or neoplasia as independent events.


The teaching-service-oriented university is a new category of modern universities,which integrate into society completely,serve the local actively,and demonstrate the social service function all along.The teaching-service-oriented university as an institution and its staff take the initiative to serve the society,with the value orientation of guiding social demands and serving the local economic and social development.The construction way of teaching-service-oriented universities is to strengthen the consciousness of service and have a clear school-running ideology of giving equal importance to teaching and service;to build application-oriented disciplines and majors with local characteristics;to construct an open-ended application-oriented talent training model together with enterprises;to focus on practical scientific researches and development,and implement collaborative innovation actions involving production,teaching and research;and to construct the organizational framework and operational mechanism adaptable to teaching-service-oriented universities.


Disclosed are an optical touch detection system including at least two stereo pairs of optical sensors, which are each used to identify a set of potential points, and methods for determining which of the potential points are true touch points. The first pair of optical sensors is used to identify a first set of potential points and the second set of optical sensors is used to identify a second set of potential points. Potential point pairs are then compared as between the first and second sets of potential points, i.e., each potential point pair includes a potential point from the first set and a potential point from the second set. Each potential point pair is evaluated to determine the distance between its constituent potential points. The true touch points are identified by selecting the potential point pairs having the shortest distances between their constituent potential points. Using at least two pairs of optical sensors reduces the total number of potential point pairs that must be evaluated to determine the true touch points, thus reducing necessary computational analysis.


Thermal sensors have applications in various areas of science and engineering for detection, measurement, observation and control of radiation. The basic elements of these sensors are the absorbing layer and the thin film battery of thermocouples that measures the temperature difference between this layer and the ambient. At present, such sensors can be manufactured by the micro machining process. The essential feature of these sensors is a very thin silica substrate layer. In designing the sensor, the properties of all the layers must be taken into account for optimization of its structure. The sensors detectivity is controlled by the figure of merit of the thermoelectric layer. PbTe is well known material that has found widespread applications in thermoelectric devices. PbTe based materials display unique properties, which are used for optimization of the figure of merit of n- and p-type thermoelectric layers. A simulation model for estimating the characteristics of the film thermoelectric sensor was presented. It was shown Volt-Watt sensitivity is ap 350 V/W for a sensor based on PbTe thermoelectric battery deposited on thin SiO2 layer (thickness ap 1mum). The construction of this sensor can be realized in MEMS design using a Si substrate


not politically feasible. This objection has been raised even against the Treasury's much more limited and inadequate program. Lack of political feasibility means that members of Congress are supposed to be fearful of the consequences back home if they should vote for such measures. But there is no assurance that taxes for interest and redemption of debt after the war will be politically feasible then. Rather, the easier way of further borrowing and of devaluation is much more likely in proportion as the debt total increases.


Binary particle swarm optimization takes too much time and solves imprecisely for large-scaled multidimensional knapsack problem,a modified binary particle swarm optimization is proposed in this paper to overcome this shortcoming.The new algorithm uses the values of the average individual best position and the individual best position depend on the probability of the position vector,makes each particle use the whole swarm information effectively to avoid local optima.During the evolution process,it uses the greedy algorithm repairs the infeasible solution and rectify knapsack resources with insufficient use.Simulated tests of multidimensional knapsack problem and comparisons with other algorithms show the algorithm has strong global optimization ability and a good speed of convergence.


We investigate the cosmological effects of a neutrino interaction with cold dark-matter. We postulate a neutrino that interacts with a "neutrino-interacting dark-matter" (NIDM) particle with an elastic-scattering cross section that either decreases with temperature as T2 or remains constant with temperature. The neutrino-dark-matter interaction results in a neutrino-dark-matter fluid with pressure, and this pressure results in diffusion-damped oscillations in the matter power spectrum, analogous to the acoustic oscillations in the baryon-photon fluid. We discuss the bounds from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey on the NIDM opacity (ratio of cross section to NIDM-particle mass) and compare with the constraint from observation of neutrinos from supernova 1987A. If only a fraction of the dark matter interacts with neutrinos, then NIDM oscillations may affect current cosmological constraints from measurements of galaxy clustering. We discuss how detection of NIDM oscillations would suggest a particle-antiparticle asymmetry in the dark-matter sector.


Background MicroRNA (miR)‐33 targets cholesterol transporter ATP‐binding cassette protein A1 and other antiatherogenic targets and contributes to atherogenic progression. Its inhibition or deletion is known to result in the amelioration of atherosclerosis in mice. However, mice lack the other member of the miR‐33 family, miR‐33b, which exists in humans and other large mammals. Thus, precise evaluation and comparison of the responsibilities of these 2 miRs during the progression of atherosclerosis has not been reported, although they are essential. Methods and Results In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the difference between the function of miR‐33a and miR‐33b using genetically modified mice. We generated 4 strains with or without miR‐33a and miR‐33b. Comparison between mice with only miR‐33a (wild‐type mice) and mice with only miR‐33b (miR‐33a−/−/miR‐33b+/+) revealed the dominant expression of miR‐33b in the liver. To evaluate the whole body atherogenic potency of miR‐33a and miR‐33b, we developed apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a+/+/miR‐33b−/− mice and apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a−/−/miR‐33b+/+ mice. With a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet, the apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a−/−/miR‐33b+/+ mice developed increased atherosclerotic plaque versus apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a+/+/miR‐33b−/− mice, in line with the predominant expression of miR‐33b in the liver and worsened serum cholesterol profile. By contrast, a bone marrow transplantation study showed no significant difference, which was consistent with the relevant expression levels of miR‐33a and miR‐33b in bone marrow cells. Conclusions The miR‐33 family exhibits differences in distribution and regulation and particularly in the progression of atherosclerosis; miR‐33b would be more potent than miR‐33a.


The use of NMR to characterise heterogeneous catalytic systems and processes is assessed, critically, in overview. The generally wide scope and applicability of NMR is placed in the context of the constraints of NMR experimental requirements and the general goal of studying catalytic systems under conditions relevant to their actual use. In particular, the issues of sensitivity, resolution and dynamic processes in NMR are considered alongside the aims of surface selectivity, sample environment control and the desirability of associated characterisation of the catalytic systems by methods complementary to NMR.


Spectrum sharing through receiver beacons can obtain near-optimal sharing of spectrum between primary and secondary systems. Implementation of this in fading environment, however, requires a translation from interference constraint to the system- and device-level design parameters. Within the beacon-assisted spectrum sharing framework, the critical interference probability (CIP), defined as the probability of harmful interference to a primary receiver (PR) from a secondary transmitter (ST) located exactly at the PR's protection bounds, serves as a lower limit of interference probability possibly experienced by the PR. By characterizing the CIP in terms of parameters as tolerable interference power of the PR, transmitted power of the beacon, beacon detection sensitivity of the ST, underlying propagation distribution as well as correlation measure between the beacon channel and the interference channel, the transmit power constraint mechanism of STs can be constructed for a given requirement for CIP. From the numerical results of CIP, it is noted that the frequency of a beacon channel should be selected carefully such that the propagation characteristics can be highly correlated with its indicating primary band.


In order to shorten the calcination time in the metal-organic deposition (MOD) process using metal trifuluoroacetete (TFA), a new combination of starting materials was developed using F-free salt of Cu and TFA salts of Y and Ba as called "New solution". Moreover, a new process temperature profile for this solution was developed as an advanced TFA-MOD process where the high heating rate was achieved. Consequently, the overall transport Ic value of 210 A and the Jc value of 1.5 MA/cm2 (77 K, Self field) similar to Ic and Jc values using TFA for all salts were obtained. In order to obtain higher Jc performance, the effects of process parameters such as degree of in-plane alignment Δφ of the buffer layer and PH2O in the annealing process for the Jc characteristics were investigated. As a result, a YBCO film with 1.48 μm in thickness was fabricated on a CeO2/IBAD-Gd2Zr2O7 layer buffered Hastelloy substrate with Δφ=4.7°. The overall Ic value of 292 A (77 K Self-field) corresponding to the Jc value of 2.0 MA/cm2 was achieved. Moreover, the overall Jc value of 2.1 MA/cm2 (77 K Self-field) for the YBCO film with 1.2 μm thickness was achieved by annealing under the PH2O value of 13.5 vol% on a similar metal substrate even with Δφ∼7°.


430Human rights — Access to court — Right to a hearing within a reasonable time in determination of civil rights — Proceedings lasting more than eight years — Cause of delay — Factual complexity of case and conduct of applicants contributing to delay — Principal delays attributable to conduct of domestic courts — Whether violation of right to determination of civil rights and obligations within reasonable time — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 6(1) Damages — Human rights violations — Unreasonable delay in civil proceedings — Loss of opportunity — Increased costs due to delay — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 50


The study discusses the relationship among brand image, perceived value, product knowledge, trust and purchase willing on purchasing Healthy Oil Products. The limits to object that people who ever bought Healthy Oil product, and must be lived in Kaohsiung City, there are totally 480 questionnaires, and only 397 are valid in them, feedback ratio is 82.7%. The application of SPSS goes through statistical analyses which are T-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and Path. The results as follow: According to the analysis of demographic demonstrated four significant options which are most obviously consumption groups in this section: 1. female who is between ages in forty-one to fifty; 2. senior high school in education; 3. forty thousands to sixty thousands dollars in family income; 4. 1,501~2,000 dollars in yearly average consumption. There are obvious differences in brand inage, Perceived Value, Product Knowledge, Trust and Purchase Willing of Healthy Oil Products, and demographic which age, marriage and yearly average consumption are most significant variations. The people who married that have higher identification with brand inage and Perceived Value. The people's age in forty-one to forty who have higher identification with brand inage and Perceived Value. The people who 1,501-2,000 dollars in yearly average consumption that have higher identification with brand inage, Perceived Value, Product Knowledge, Trust and Purchase Willing. Brand Image, Perceived Value, Product Knowledge, Trust and Purchase Willing that all possesses positively significant. Affect the purchase willing variable in all dimensions, brand image directly affect the purchase willing in total effect that is largest. Pledged to improve the purchasing willing of health oil products, the brand image is large on consumer generation.


Objective To study the genovariation and antigenicity status about hemagglutinin of influenza virus subtype A3 circulated in Sichuan province;compare the genic differences on HA1 regions between influenza virus subtype A3 circulated in Sichuan province and influenza vaccine strain of subtype A3(A/Winsconsin/67/2005(H3N2))recommended by WHO for northern hemisphere in 2006~2007 so as to provide theoretical basis for evaluating the immunization effect of influenza vaccine.Methods The throat swab from the suspected influenza cases were collected from suspected epidemic influenza areas and the sentinel hospital monitored in Sichuan,and virus were isolated by using MDCK cells.The influenza virus isolated strain collected from different time and locations was identified to be influenza virus subtype A3 by hemagglutination inhibition test,then the isolated strains were performed one-way hemagglutination inhibition test;the viral nucleic acid were extracted to amplify the HA1 regions of HA by using RT-PCR,and the amplified products were sequenced to deduct the amino acid sequence;the sequence of isolated strains was compared with the sequence in HA1 of influenza vaccine strain of subtype A3(A/Winsconsin/67/2005(H3N2))recommended by WHO for northern hemisphere in 2006~2007,followed by signature analysis of the gene evolution.Results In line with results of one-way hemagglutination inhibition test,the variance of hemagglutination inhibition valence showed to be less than 4 times difference when the antigenicity of influenza virus subtype A3 compared with type strain of influenza virus subtype A3 in China(A/Yunnan/1145/2005 and A/Donghu of Jiangxi/312/2006).The results of nucleotide and amino acid sequence demonstrated that the similarities of nucleotide and amino acid sequence were 99.59% and 99.47% respectively.Just 4 to 6 amino acids sites replaced,which involved 2 antigen determinants.Conclusion There was no significant mutation of antigenicity and genetic characteristics of influenza virus subtype A3 circulated in Sichuan during 2006~2007.


The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is proposing to amend its regulations to allow the transfer of electronic prescriptions for schedule II–V controlled substances between registered retail pharmacies for initial filling on a one-time basis. This amendment will specify the procedure that must be followed and the information that must be documented when transferring an electronic controlled substance prescription between DEA-registered retail pharmacies.


Module enabled with Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) thermal sensor will locate and track intruders, even if they are steady and simultaneously facilitate real time transmission of detected information and requisite coordinates to the far end control station via GSM network. Additionally, the application can also identify the alive or injured bodies in relief operations during disasters/natural calamities. This sensor detects the infrared light emitted by human beings within its field of view (FOV). The detector elements in sensor along with signal processing circuitry unit calculates temperature in °C. On the basis of the temperature values calculated from each detector elements (i.e. thermocouples), the LED's corresponding to the elements are triggered on/off displaying the direction of object being sensed. Simultaneously, GPS module sends real time tracking location in National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) sentence format to the microcontroller. Both Sensor and GPS data are then transmitted as an SMS script via GSM module to provide tracking information to the control station.


This paper presents a new fault diagnosis approach based on boundary analysis of phase space. The proposed approach requires the measurement of one phase current signal to construct the phase space representation. Each phase space is converted to an image and the boundary of each image is extracted by boundary detection algorithm, helping to construct a characteristic image for each motor condition. The change in boundary of phase space appears to be a useful for diagnosing different motor operating conditions. A pattern recognition algorithm based on neural network is implemented to classify the faults. We will study one and two broken rotor bars faults. Extensive experimental results were carried out to validate the proposed approach, and good results were obtained.


The Taxus chinenwsis forest of Lean County in Jiangxi is located at longitude 115.49,latitude 27.25,and it is nearly a thousand yew trees and conifers,broad leaf forest,shrub and grass and other forest plant communities together to form a yew.We have got all 234 pieces of spider specimens and have found that they contain 73 species belonging to 24 families 61 genera,in which 2 species are new records in Jiangxi Province and 2 undefined species.


Efficient Lagrangian methodologies for quadrilaterals and hexahedral meshes have been available for a number of years. Mesh generation issues for complex three-dimensional geometries can, however, be a severe limiting factor. Mesh generation for triangular and tetrahedral meshes is readily available, but solid mechanics discretizations on these meshes are not so well established because of problems with locking. We review a relatively new node-based uniform strain element as well as an SUPG stabilized formulation that hold promise for effective simulations using a more general suite of elements.


The study maps out changes in the membership base of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and changes in moods, opinions and attitudes of party members at the end of the 1980s, i.e. at the time when the crisis of the normalization regime was increasing. To this end, the author makes use of, in particular, information reports prepared by the party apparatus on the basis of letters and complaints of party members and other citizens addressed to Communist Party leaders, other internal documents of the party, and period public opinion polls. He systematically identifies and examines each of the problematic areas which were regularly reflected in these documents: dropping interest in the membership in the Communist Party, manifestations of disobedience among party members, violations of party standards, and corruption; criticism of slow implementation of reforms, or, on the other hand, of too fast-advancing and far-reaching democratization; dissatisfaction with information presented by the media, alleged ideological defensive, and yielding to "opposition elements"; concerns about the future of socialism and a potential return of capitalism, also in connection with developments in the Soviet Union, Poland, and Hungary; national resentments, particularly in relation to the Hungarian minority in southern Slovakia and the government's plans to establish German military cemeteries in the territory of Czechoslovakia; historical resentments, especially as regarded a partial reevaluation of the period of the first Czechoslovak Republic and the foundation period of the Communist regime; and, last but not least, various, mostly verbal anti-Communist incidents reflected in the letters and complaints. The author states that the empirical data on the development of the membership base of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and opinions of party members presented in the study does not confirm a conclusion to the effect that the policy of the Communist Party leadership enjoyed support of an overwhelming majority of party members, which was what party reports and excerpts from the letters mentioned above might suggest. He also examines the reasons why supporters of conservative and dogmatic opinions prevailed over "liberal" party members among the critical voices. In his opinion, the growing dissatisfaction among party members made a significant contribution to the helplessness of leaders of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in dealing with accumulating problems of the country, which became fully manifest after November 17, 1989.


The article is devoted to the study of a new look at the expositional activity of objects of contemporary art in the light of the definition of related artistic phenomena that exist between time-torn cultural epochs. The connection between digitalization, the development of innovative technologies and the influence of the subconscious experience passed down from past generations to descendants is considered. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the evolution of modern art exhibitions, historically stated examples of transcendent personal perception of artistic symbols are given, which encourages consideration of the deep nature of human feelings and finding ways to directly influence the subconscious.


AbstractUndissolved gas bubbles, which are widely formed in marine sediments, could modify the behavior of the soil. To date, the cyclic behavior of fine-grained gassy soil has been rarely studied,...


This paper focuses on a new method designing cam profile for variable stiffness actuator with Bezier spline. Firstly, a new kind of variable stiffness actuator is proposed and principle for changing stiffness is analyzed. This kind of variable stiffness actuator bears advantage that no empty return journey exists during the reverse rotation. Before introducing Bezier spline, some standard curves for the design of cam profile are investigated and effects on stiffness and torque are analyzed. Then expressions of Bezier spline are given and constraints for constructing cam profile are developed. In order to obtain desired stiffness, several different cost functions are investigated on the range of stiffness with the help of swarm particle algorithm. Comparison is conducted during the process of determining control points of Bezier spline. In the end, prototype of the cam disk is produced with 3D printing method based on Bezier curve.


We performed an observational analysis of pro-spectively collected data on 1,474 adult patients who were hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia; 1,169 patients were under 80 years of age and 305 (21%) patients were over 80 years ("very elderly"). Mean patient ages were 60 years in the former group and 85 years in the latter group. Severely immunosuppressed patients and nursing-home residents were not included. Comorbidities significantly associated with older age were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart disease, and dementia. The most common causative organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (23% in both groups). Aspiration pneumonia was more frequent in the very elderly (5% in younger patients versus 10% in the very elderly);Legionella pneumophila (8% in younger patients versus 1% in the very elderly) and atypical agents (7% in younger patients versus 1% in the very elderly) were rarely recorded in the very elderly. While very elderly patients complained less frequently of pleuritic chest pain, headache, and myalgias, they were more likely to have absence of fever and altered mental status on admission. No significant differences were observed between groups as regards incidence of classic bacterial pneumonia syndrome (60% versus 59%) in 343 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. The development of inhospital complications (26% in younger versus 32% in very elderly patients) as well as early mortality (2% in younger versus 7% in very elderly patients) and overall mortality (6% in younger versus 15% very elderly patients) were significantly higher in very elderly patients. Acute respiratory failure and shock/multiorgan failure were the most frequent causes of death, especially of early mortality. Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality in the very elderly were altered mental status on admission (odds ratio, 3.69), shock (odds ratio, 10.69), respiratory failure (odds ratio, 3.50), renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 5.83), and Gram-negative pneumonia (odds ratio, 20.27).


The geographical distribution of species belonging to the genus Myxozyma van der Walt et al. (18) is known from South Africa, U.S.A., Mexico, Australia and Costa Rica (11). The recent recovering of a new species from Germany and an unpublished record of Myxozyma geophila van der Walt et al. (16) from Japan (van der Walt pers. com.) suggests that the geographical distribution of the species belonging to the genus Myxozyma is world-wide. Given the unexpected record of MM geophila in Japanese soils, it was decided to extend the study of the occurrence of lipomycetous anamorphs in other habitats in Japan. During this study a hitherto undescribed species was recovered from frass of a larvae of Ips typographus f. japonicus.


the historical and cultural dimensions of underrepresented groups' in science, and engineering and the rea-sons why white males still dominate these fields. Her research examines how educational policy & practice, curriculum, and instruction mediate cross-racial and cross-ethnic peer relations among students, and how these peer relations shape students of color's educational experiences, trajectories, and access to opportunities. Underrepresented Presence on Science and Engineering Faculties (PURPOSE) certified coach, and empowers STEM the academy excellence in career and professional development. on and academic career development NSF Prairie View the ADVANCE Annual PI meetings pro-mote faculty development while providing diverse role models for students. and empowered hundreds of faculty, students and Abstract This paper draws on data from the NSF ADVANCE-funded LATTICE program (Launching Academics on the Tenure-Track: an Intentional Community in Engineering) to examine how an interdisciplinary and racially/ethnically diverse group of women worked across different social and professional identities to organize a workshop for early-career women faculty in Engineering and Computer Science. Through participatory action research, we elucidate the social dynamics and power relations involved in forming a coherent group identity, and the boundaries we build and breach to advance a social/intellectual movement aimed at broadening participation in engineering disciplines. We illuminate the strategies of organizers to provide guidelines for others who work across, with, and through various dimensions of difference in social, political, professional, and cultural identities.


Higher education belongs to the category of culture, and culture is the basic motive power for a nationality to survive and develop.The evolution of higher education of any nationality is closely linked to its cultural development.Mongolian culture which based on nomadism showed immense changes in its own historical development.From the perspective of history and culture,the evolution of Mongolians higher education is divided into four stages.The developing status and features of each stage are to be explained in this paper.


Kohonen's Self Organising Feature Map (SOFM) produces an ordered mapping from one space to another. The paper describes an algorithm inspired by the splitting initialisation for the classical LBG method or generalised Lloyd algorithm (Y. Linde et al., 1980) for vector quantiser design, which allows the efficient generation of maps with various topologies and with high local and global ordering.<<ETX>>


PurposeWith increasing environmental issue and problems, this study aims to explore how the female directors' foreign experience and corporate green commitment in emerging economics like China from 2008 to 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw data of all 'A' share listed firms listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2008 to 2020 from the renowned Chinese database China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR). The study's data collection start from 2008, because data about green commitment are not available on CSMAR before 2008 and final year is 2020 because data about green commitment is available at the time of data collection. After dropping observations with missing data, the study's final sample contains 20,255 firm year-observations. Finally, in accordance with prior studies, the authors classified enterprises according to the "China Securities and Regulatory Commission" (2012) to categorize firms.FindingsThe authors find that female directors' foreign experience enhances the green commitment in Chinese listed companies. In additional analysis, the authors find this relationship is more pronounced when one or more foreign directors. The study's findings are robustness to different economic techniques and alternative measure of dependent variables and endogeneity concerns. Overall, the study's findings show that female directors with foreign experience transmit environmental and sustainable knowledge and practices to Chinese companies.Originality/valueFirst, the authors believe that this is the first study to analyze the impact of the overseas experience of female directors on corporate green commitment. Most previous studies have examined the influence of the presence of female directors or different attributes such as age, education and independence of female directors on board decisions, in order to protect the interests of multiple stakeholders (Elmagrhi et al., 2019; He and Jiang, 2019; McGuinness et al., 2017). This study finds that, in addition to other different attributes, the foreign experience of female directors also has a significant role in promoting corporate green commitment. By pushing corporate green commitment, these women directors leverage their experience in advanced economies abroad to add to the Chinese government's environmental and sustainability goal of achieving net zero carbon by 2060. As such, this is one of the first studies to highlight the experiences of female directors in transferring environmental and sustainability practices to Chinese companies. Second, the authors add to the literature by integrating two important board perspectives, such as gender diversity and the impact of foreign experience on corporate green commitment. Previous research has explored the presence or absence of female directors on board or foreign experience. However, this study adds to the literature by introducing important attributes of the influence of female directors' foreign experience on decision making. Third, this study provides evidence on the impact of foreign independent directors on the board. The authors document foreign independent directors enhance the relationship between female directors' foreign experience and corporate green commitment. The study's findings complement previous research by Liang and Renneboog (2017), showing that female directors with foreign experience transfer advanced levels of environmental and sustainable practice knowledge to Chinese companies.


Transition has entailed the introduction of policies to stimulate product market competition, to establish effective corporate governance and to harden enterprise budget constraints. How do these policies interact? Are they substitute policy instruments or does one policy reinforce the effect of another? Although early endogenous growth models predicted a negative relationship between competition and innovation, Aghion, Dewatripont and Rey (1999) showed that this could be reversed if agency considerations were introduced. In their model competition acts as an incentive mechanism to reduce managerial slack, which produces the additional prediction that competition and corporate governance are substitutable. But in a profit-maximizing framework in which incumbent firms innovate to escape competition, there will be complementarity between increased product market competition and governance and between competition and hard budget constraints (Aghion and Howitt 2002). We use the EBRD-World Bank Enterprise survey of over 3,000 firms in 25 transition countries to test for interaction effects between policies. We find that competition and hard budget constraints are complementary. We also find that competitive pressure (a) enhances the performance of old firms, which is suggestive of a role of agency effects and hence of policy substitutability and (b) enhances the performance of new firms, which is consistent with complementarity. Finally, the evidence points to the prevalence of financing constraints facing new firms. JEL codes: G32 , L10 , O31, P20 ∗We are grateful for comments on initial presentations of these results from participants in the EBRD's Tenth Anniversary Conference, and from seminar participants at Brunel and Newcastle Universities. †Harvard University and University College London, CEPR and WDI ‡University College London, CEPR and WDI §Heriot Watt University, CEPR and WDI


In this paper, on the basis of average Euclidean distance coefficient ,Cluster analysis for embryological characters of 12 Species in Gentianaceae ha ve been conducted using UPGMA,Q.The results are as follows:(1)In the dendrogra m, 12 Species in Gentianaceae be divided into four large groups.Swertia tetrapte ra Maxim and Halenia elliptica was the first large group, while Tripterospermum cordatum(Marq) H.Smith and Gentianella azurea (Bunge) Holub as the third and the fourth large group respectively,and the other 8 species were the second large g roup;(2) Four species of genus Swertia was differentiated obviously into three b ranches embryologically. The first is clustered by S.franchitiana Maxim, S.cinct a Burk.and Comastoma pulmonarium(Turcz.) Toyokuni, while the second by S.erythro sticta Maxim and Gentianopsis paludosa(Fr.) Ma;and the third including S. tetrap tera and Halenia elliptica;(3)Gentiana,to be clustered with S.franchitiana,S.cin cta,S.erythrosticta,Comastoma pulmonarium,and Gentianopsis paludosa into one lar ge group, differentiated embryologically,too.Gentiana lawrencei var.farreri is m ore closely to G. manshnrica K. in relationship, while G. striata Maxim is farth er to the former two.These results supported the views that Comastoma,Gentianops is and Tripterospermum should be identified as the independent Genus, and accord ing to cluster analysis,Comastoma,Gentianopsis and Halenia maybe tied to Swertia systematically,the latter diverged to Gentianopsis and Halenia from its primiti ve and evolutionary taxa respectively, and from those taxa that evolved medially Comastoma originated,Gentiana originated from Halenia.


This paper begins with a short review of the history of modern universities, noting their changes in terms of societal demand and the availability of funding and with an eye toward understanding their new roles and outcomes. Based on this understanding, the paper then raises questions and suggests challenges that we may have to face to deal with the current situation of higher educational systems globally as well as locally. If we want to talk about 'decolonizing our universities,' perhaps we have to first identify what has colonized our universities. In some sense, the university itself is a colonized space in terms of curriculum being oriented toward what has been called 'white studies' (Churchill 1981) at the expense of other knowledges. While this is well known and efforts are afoot to redress this curricular imbalance, there is another way that universities are colonized that is not as often discussed. Nearly forty years ago, Martin Carnoy (1974) mentioned the idea of 'colonized knowledge,' by which he meant not the specific details of curriculum or Eurocentric theories or textbooks and such, but that the overall knowledge system developed in modern universities perpetuates a hierarchical social structure and that the purpose of education within this structure was to provide a channel for upward mobility within this hierarchy without questioning or changing it. In other words, on a more fundamental level than on the level of curriculum, textbooks, methods and theories we need to focus on the university as a colonized space in terms of the mission and the purpose of the university. Of course, this sense of colonized knowledge has connections to the more direct and clearly recognizable forms of colonization. One of these connections is the sense of elitism bolstered by notions of supremacy, in which the university becomes a space for the elite classes to get educated and reproduce themselves and that the knowledge acquired in this way is inherently better than the knowledge outside the university, that managers and researchers are somehow smarter or more worthy of praise than other peoples. So it's not only the notion that the white man's knowledge is better or worse than others that needs to be resisted; we also need to resist this elite university based knowledge system and the notion that it is better than the knowledge found in communities, such as among agricultural and industrial workers or among the crafts or a host of other fields and areas of expertise and experience outside the academy. Despite their connections to pre-modern institutions of learning, most modern universities were established and developed according to the needs of the former colonial system and the modern nation state system that emerged upon the demise of the old system of direct colonialism. The main purpose carried over from one system to the other has been the creation, training and maintenance of an elite class tasked with managing modern societies and thinking on behalf of the public. The elitist ideology behind this system involves expenditures of public funds on higher education in order to produce each new generation of thinkers, engineers, doctors and politicians in the belief that subsidizing this elite would provide benefits for the entire society. Despite its origins in colonialism, this system has more or less thrived for the past century in the Global South. However, it has (not without irony, as I will note later) been in steady decline with the rise of neo-liberalism, which has led some to lament the 'university in ruins' (Readings 1997). While the odor of direct forms of colonization remains in the form of elitism and supremacy, they have been reconfigured in some cases from the national to the transnational in that the university is now becoming subservient to the demands of the market (Miyoshi 1998). This is because we're in a situation now where the demand for a university education is higher than it has ever been. In fact, whatever we might say are the failures of the university, in this sense it has been incredibly successful in convincing ever increasing portions of humanity that a university education is desirable and valuable. But with this increased demand governments are retracting funding or, where there is still state-subsidized education, tightening up access by way of ever more difficult exams and other sorting mechanisms. During the decades that universities have been run with an elitist ideology, increasing numbers of people have been convinced that higher education is the key to success, usually defined as access to well-paid jobs and the accompanying social status. This is fused with a general belief that a university education brings upward mobility for heretofore


The article examines how the Danish artists of the group Cobra appeared in front of exhibitions organized by the Danish state touring the state socialist countries during the Cold War from the early 1960s to the late 1980s. This unknown aspect of the international circulation of the artists were part of the official cultural diplomacy of the Danish state and can contribute to a new understanding of art exhibitions in the Cold War as "Ostpolitik" and the commitment of the artists in these efforts. The article observes the importance of cultural diplomacy in relation to bordercrossing exhibitions and the development of Danish "exhibition diplomacy" through the Cold War.


AbstractJets coexist with planetary-scale waves in the turbulence of planetary atmospheres. The coherent component of these structures arises from cooperative interaction between the coherent structures and the incoherent small-scale turbulence in which they are embedded. It follows that theoretical understanding of the dynamics of jets and planetary-scale waves requires adopting the perspective of statistical state dynamics (SSD), which comprises the dynamics of the interaction between coherent and incoherent components in the turbulent state. In this work, the stochastic structural stability theory (S3T) implementation of SSD for barotropic beta-plane turbulence is used to develop a theory for the jet–wave coexistence regime by separating the coherent motions consisting of the zonal jets together with a selection of large-scale waves from the smaller-scale motions that constitute the incoherent component. It is found that mean flow–turbulence interaction gives rise to jets that coexist with large-scale ...


The WayMarkr system turns a mobile device into a self-documenting wearable device with virtually unlimited disk space. WayMarkr uses a mobile device's camera to take continuous photographs from the vantage point of the wearer. The ubiquity of mobile devices makes WayMarkr unobtrusive, and the first image based Memex device widely available to the general public. Collected photographs create a personal narrative as a set collected in context. Captured photographic narratives give users perspective, insight, and an alternative access to memory recollection of their daily lives.


Monolayers of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used to modify carbon adsorbents (non-graphitized and graphitized thermal carbon blacks). The thermodynamic adsorption characteristics. retention volumes and initial differential heats of adsorption, of molecules belonging to different classes of organic compounds were measured by gas chromatography on these sorbents. The nature of the retention of molecules with different chemical properties on PAH-modified surfaces is determined predominantly by dispersion interaction by competing electrostatic interaction. The effect of PAH modification is the greatest on the retention of oxygenand nitrogen-containing compounds. Exposure of thermal carbon blacks. rnodificd with monomolecular PAH layers. to an high-frequency low-temperature plasma helps to improve the symmetry of chromatographic peaks.


Abstract : Crystal growth processes in general and epitaxial processes in particular are often discussed in terms three disciplines: thermodynamics, mass transport and hydrodynamics, and chemical reaction kinetics. This paper will concentrate on two of these, the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of epitaxy. Three major influences of thermodynamics will be discussed: (1) Thermodynamics defines the driving force and hence the upper limit of growth rate. This occurs only when all reactants in the system are allowed to equilibrate with the substrate. (2) Thermodynamics often controls stoichiometry and the solid composition of alloys. An understanding of thermodynamic and kinetic constraints can lead to the growth of metastable alloys. (3) The driving force for ordering into natural superlattice structures during growth is also governed by thermodynamics. The actual ordered structures observed are dependent on the surface kinetics. This aspect of kinetics will be addressed in addition to the kinetics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions occurring during growth. Each of these topics is addressed in terms of fundamental concepts, with examples from recent research on the epitaxial growth of III/V semiconductor compounds and alloys.


The learned Bloom filter (LBF) combines a machine learning model (learner) with a traditional Bloom filter to improve the false positive rate (FPR) that can be achieved for a given memory budget. The LBF has recently been generalized by making use of the full spectrum of the learner's prediction score. However, in all those designs, the machine learning model is fixed. In this letter, for the first time, the design of LBFs is proposed and evaluated by considering the machine learning model as one of the variables in the process. In detail, for a given memory budget, several LBFs are constructed using different machine learning models and the one with the lowest FPR is selected. We demonstrate that our approach can achieve much better performance than existing LBF designs providing reductions of the FPR of up to 90% in some settings.


This paper presents an experimental based inverter voltage drop characterization method considering the thermal effects which is usually neglected in the existing literature. This characterization leads to forming an inverter voltage drop model which consists of linear and nonlinear terms. The temperature effects on these terms are modeled by two separate temperature coefficients $\alpha$ and $\beta$ derived from several experimental data. The proposed model provides accurate inverter voltage drop as a function of measured instantaneous phase current and junction temperature. This voltage drop can be used to accurately compensate the inverter voltage drop in several control and estimation purposes. The experimental characterization is performed in this paper for a two level voltage source inverter with IGBT power modules. Finally, the inverter voltage drop from the characterized model is validated by measurements.


Suitable complexing agents,stabilizer,buffer and surfactant for the electroless nickel plating bath are selected.The effects of rare earth Ce(Ⅳ) on electroless nickel plating are investiagated.The results show that the coating is obviously improved in performance and corrosion resistance when the rare earth Ce(Ⅳ) is added.


In order to solve the winner decision problem(WDP) for reverse auction,the former research concerning bundle algorithms builds the bundle hierarchy with the decomposition of the procured goods.However,it cannot guarantee high similarity within every bundle and high competition among the suppliers,and does not effectively reduce the cost.A two-stage approach——bundling first followed by unpacking——was proposed for online combinatorial multi-attribute reverse auction to distinguish the bids among the tenders with bundles and reduce the complexity of WDP algorithms,diminishing the subjectivity.This algorithm ensures the similarity of goods within the bundles,as well as competition among suppliers.This approach provides new ideas for the solution of the combinatorial multi-attribute reverse auction WDP problems.


PURPOSE: A communications relay device and a method thereof in a dual controller system for improving stability and reliability of data communications are provided to prevent data collision in communication. CONSTITUTION: A second CAN(Controller Area Network) module(130) operates a second use signal of a slave controller. The second CAN module transmits a second data transmitted from the slave controller according to the CAN protocol. The second CAN module sets up output as an open drain according to the second use signal. A CAN transceiver(140) receives data from the first CAN module or the second CAN module. The CAN transceiver transmits data received through the controller area network bus.


Power system designers have more creative flexibility than ever before due to improvements in power electronics technology. The invention of the silicon (Si) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) in the 1980s was a major improvement over commonly used Si MOSFETs, for higher power applications, and thyristors, because they provided faster switching capabilities. New developments in silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors are causing a similarly disruptive effect to the industry because of higher possible switching frequencies than Si IGBTs and the ability to create 10 kV devices with switching frequencies beyond 20 kHz. Higher breakdown voltage and faster switching enable converter designs with higher power densities (watts per cubic meter) that interface with higher voltage systems. These two factors along with decreasing costs of Si IGBTs and low voltage SiC MOSFETs make the increased use of power converters throughout a distributed power system possible. Power converters with a regulated output draw a constant input power from a distribution system. While constant power loads have a nonlinear relationship between input voltage and load current, linear systems theory historically dominated their analysis. The negative admittance model is often used with input filter parameters to create linear models of constant power loads suitable for small-signal stability analysis. However, systems with limited generation capacity and large constant power loads are susceptible to large-signal instability. Therefore, system stability analysis must include nonlinear models of system components to form an analytical, large-signal stability metric. We used the Volterra Series to model nonlinear responses of constant power loads through Volterra kernel measurement. A switch-mode power converter was designed to synthesize large-signal perturbations to measure frequency domain Volterra kernels of 380 VDC loads up to 5 kW. We measured the first and second order kernels of a 3 kW, 380 VDC constant power load from 0.1 Hz to 1000 Hz and verified significance of the second order kernel.


This paper focuses on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm in multimodal problems with dynamic environmental change, and proposes the additional improvement of ABC algorithm based on local information sharing (ABC-lis) toward robustness against environmental change speed. The additional improvement is that scout bee's phase is modified to calculate by sigmoid function. To investigate the global search ability of ABC-lis and the additional improvement, we compare these algorithms to 3 case of environmental change speeds. The experimental result revealed that the following implications: (1) ABC-lis cannot always maintains the search capability in any change speed. (2) ABC-lis with the additional improvement is able to exert a high performance at every change speed. (3) The number of bees in each local area is able to be controlled by the novel parameter Nl in ABC-lis with the additional improvement.


With the development of society, translation has become increasingly important. This article attempts to approach the aesthetic activities of translation from the point of aesthetics.


Hydrogeological properties can change in response to large crustal earthquakes. In particular, permeability can increase leading to coseismic changes in groundwater level and fl ow. These processes, however, have not been well-characterized at regional scales because of the lack of datasets to describe water provenances before and after earthquakes. Here we use a large data set of water stable isotope ratios ( n = 1150) to show that newly formed rupture systems crosscut surrounding mountain aquifers, leading to water release that causes groundwater levels to rise (~11 m) in down-gradient aquifers after the 2016 M w 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake. Neither vertical in fi ltration of soil water nor the upwelling of deep fl uids was the major cause of the observed water level rise. As the Kumamoto setting is representative of volcanic aquifer systems at convergent margins where seismotectonic activity is common, our observations and proposed model should apply more broadly.


This paper sums up and analyses on the decisive factors, regulations and features of users' requirements for university library, which provides reference for the development of university library.


We previously developed a new method that combines sputter deposition of Au and the use of a capture medium of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for preparing Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). To further control...


Field and herbarium collection studies were used to document the relatively recent range expansion ofHeterotheca camporum (Greene) Shinners in the southeastern United States. Prior to 1925 the species was collected only in the Mississippi River valley of Missouri and Illinois and along the Wabash River in Indiana. By 1949 a "weedy" ecotype of the species had colonized parts of Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama. Post-1950 collections indicate that it had spread through much of eastern Tennessee and reached Mississippi, Virginia and North Carolina. Typical plants may have expanded their range slightly in Indiana and southern Missouri since 1925. Populations from throughout the present range were found to be tetraploid, 2n=36. A morphometric study of herbarium collections and cytovouchers indicated that the "weedy" ecotype is distinguishable from most plants native to the pre-1925 range of distribution. In general the eastern morphotype is taller and more densely glandular than plants from the western part of the range. A new varietal name is proposed:Heterotheca camporum var.glandulissimum Semple.


Since the mid‐1990s, there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the roles that lipid‐modifying enzymes play in various intracellular membrane trafficking events. Phospholipases represent the largest group of lipid‐modifying enzymes and accordingly display a wide range of functions. The largest class of phospholipases are the phospholipase A(2) (PLA2) enzymes, and these have been most extensively studied for their roles in the generation lipid signaling molecules, e.g. arachidonic acid. In recent years, however, cytoplasmic PLA2 enzymes have also become increasingly associated with various intracellular trafficking events, such as the formation of membrane tubules from the Golgi complex and endosomes, and membrane fusion events in the secretory and endocytic pathways. Moreover, the ability of cytoplasmic PLA2 enzymes to directly affect the structure and function of membranes by altering membrane curvature suggests novel functional roles for these enzymes. This review will focus on the role of cytoplasmic PLA2 enzymes in intracellular membrane trafficking and the mechanisms by which they influence membrane structure and function.


In this paper, we propose a change guide method based on the past developers' activity that consists of read and write access records of artifacts. In our proposed method, we calculate candidates of next change recommendation considering the history of its recommendations. We define "cumulative likelihood" to enable the method to recommend the appropriate candidates when a change propagates more than one code elements. A case study using interaction history logs from 15 participants showed the improvement of the accuracy of the method-level change recommendation.


testing: Achilles tendons with attached calcanei (n 5 10) were fine dissected and hydrated in PBS. Tendon cross-sectional areas were calculated with a custom laser-based device. For tensile testing to failure, tendons were placed in a custom fixture that grips the calcaneus and tendon ends. Fiber alignment measures were collected during mechanical testing with a cross-polarizing technique. Statistics: Student's t-tests or twoway factorial ANOVA followed by Boneferroni post-hoc multiple comparison tests were used to identify differences between groups. Significance for all tests was set as p , 0.05.


APUBLIC ADDRESS these days is scarcely respectable unless it announces in ominous tones that we live in a changing world. And the statement is doubly platitudinous because of course we have always lived in a world whose principal characteristic is change. If the rate of change has seemed accelerated in our day, this is probably due to the multiplicity of inventions which have facilitated rapid communication--telephones, automobiles, airplanes, radio, etc. These mechanical devices have in fact materially altered the surface of human living. But we have, on the whole, adapted ourselves fairly readily to them. Few of those speakers, however, who talk to us about the difficulties of adjustment seem to be fully aware of the profundity of the changes which have taken place in our human world during the last thirty or forty years. Fundamental changes have gone on in the basic processes of our 'thinking' and these are only just beginning to affect, and to affect profoundly, our everyday lives. As our understanding of the structure of the world both outside and inside our skins has grown, re-orientations in our ways of 'thinking' such as have not taken place for nearly three thousand years have become necessary--necessary if we are to make use of the vast possibilities for human happiness which this world contains, necessary actually for human sanity. Up until thirty or forty years ago it had been possible to describe and account for everything we had so far observed in the universe, including man himself, in terms of Aristotle's theory of knowledge. All the mechanisms of which we were aware could be interpreted within the bounds of this great man's logical formulations. (I use the term mechanisms in the sense of natural processes--not man-made machines.) But finally our means of observation were sufficiently refined to permit our discovery of structures and processes which could not be explained on the basis of Aristotle's logic, or more specifically, in terms of Euclidean geometry or Newtonian mechanics. It became necessary, therefore, to invent new formulations, more highly generalized than these older systems, and such a process is now going on. We have already seen the development of several non-Euclidean geometries, the quantum mechanics, Einstein's Relativity and unified field theories, etc., in the realm of mathematics and physics. In fact, the very foundations of mathematics have been revolutionized in our day. But this is not all, for similar events are taking place in all fields. For instance, the structure and behavior of colloids cannot be described and accounted for on the basis of the older formulations, and the postulates and procedures of psycho-analysis and modern psychiatry are also outside the bounds of Aristotle. Now, important as these speculations may be for the scientist, many will complain that they seem remote from our everyday doings and undergoings. Yet that is farthest from the truth, for the implications in these higher abstractions for our so-called 'practical' affairs are tremendous, although applications of them are only just beginning to be made. The modern automobile and aeroplane, radio, motion-pictures, television and hundreds of the common objects and devices of our environment, as well as much of modern medical and surgical treatment, etc., would not have been possible under the older formulations. If we are to adjust ourselves satisfactorily to a world which includes such things we shall have to learn to use the types of 'thinking' involved in these new non-Aristotelian orientations. For it is not 'the war' or 'the movies' or some other symptom, which is responsible for the confusion of values so obvious in our 1937 world, for the tremendous increase in so-called 'mental illness,' crime, war, poverty, and human misery in general, but precisely the failure to make the adjustment in our 'thinking' that is required for living in a world now functioning in these new terms. …


The many previous publications have shown the advantages of written discharge instruction over verbal discharge instruction on the basis of comparing the functional illiteracy among emergency department patients. Therefore, authors have conducted a study on the efficacy of written discharge instruction over the verbal discharge instruction of two groups minor laceration and sprain patients. For the purpose of this study, minor laceration is defined as less than 3 cm laceration on the face or head, or less than 5 cm laceration on extremities. And simple sprains were limited to the extremities. A total of 416 patients who visited Yong Dong Severance Hospital Emergency Care Center were the subject of this study during the period of 2 months from Feb. 1. To Mar. 31. 1996. The study was done prospectively, and patients who entered this study were randomly selected. Simple discharge instructions were made prior to the study and patients were given or verbally told the one of two instruction sets by the emergency medicine resident. After reading or hearing the instructions, each patient was asked to answer four specific questions about them Statistical significance was examined by t-test and p value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Mean age for verbal and written instructed group were 26.2 and 25.6 years old. There were 262 and 154 patients in verbal and written instructed group, and the mean score was 2.24+-1.20 and 3.42+-0.52, respectively. The type of injury was divided into laceration and sprain. Laceration group showed mean score of 2.15+-1.23, 3.32+-0.51, and sprain group of 2.34+-1.16, 3.59+-0.50 in verbal and written instruction group, respectively. For the patient younger than 13 years old, discharge instruction was given or described to a guardian. Age less than 13 vears old group showed mean score of 2.75+-1.11, 3.31+-0.43 and more than 13 year old group of 2.10+-1.19, 3.34+-0.53 in verbal and written instruction group, respectively. The result showed statistical significance between verbal and written instruction group of type of injury and age difference. For the future, simplified written discharge instruction may help and improve the patients understanding of the proper management of injury.


The Challenge to the Presumption of Bias Many conservatives charge that the national news media exhibit a liberal bias, despite surface appearances of impartiality. Charges of a liberal bias essentially require the existence of a news cartel. Is the structure of the news industry capable of sustaining a cartel? A liberal news cartel requires collusion among news organizations and constraint of maverick outlets. Cartels are always vulnerable to defection. Indeed, many critics who accuse the media of a liberal bias are likely skeptical of the ability of businesses to maintain stable cartels without government assistance. Competition usually forces firms to cater to their customer's preferences. Yet critics allege that all major national news organizations present the same biased coverage, which is more liberal than the median voter. A liberal media represents a failure in the news market. The documentation of media bias has become something of a cottage industry since Edith Efron's (1971) pioneering study. Critics accusing the media of either a liberal or conservative bias make use of surveys of working journalists, content analysis of stories covered, and anecdotes about stories killed or not pursued to make their case. But a conclusive measure of political bias in the news has been elusive. That the Media Research Center and Fairness and Accuracy in Re-


Long-living systems often cope with fast-changing trends in the current market. Changes originating from new features or bug fixes can create great effort. Therefore, it is desirable to know the impact of the changes on quality aspects of a system beforehand. Simulating the system allows estimating the impact of a change without the time and cost investment of an actual implementation. Nevertheless, the code quality of simulations is often neglected. This results in increased development cycles for the simulation until the cycle time is no longer sustainable. Therefore, we propose using a metamodel to describe modular simulations. This will allow reusing simulations and because of the modularity, the simulations will be composable. Consequently, it will also reduce maintenance and development efforts because simulations can be smaller designed and reused. Smaller means that a simulation could serve only one purpose. In this paper, we propose an excerpt of our metamodel with the focus on coupling and interoperability of simulations.


This journal is a series of research expansive clay stabilization with lime and using electrokinetics process. Some research results have been achieved in this study such of phenomena of electrophoresis, phenomena of electrochemical, phenomena of electroosmosis, and behaviors spread of lime on clay particles using electrokinetics process, has been published on the topic of another discussion. The method of research is an experimental study using an open box made of glass, and the use of electricity (DC) with a capacity of 25V, 2A. The research using 2 types of expansive clay soil, taken from the region of Central Java. The results of this paper discusses research on the influence of electrokinetics process on expansive clay minerals, so that the results achieved in this research can be used for the development of electrokinetics process as an alternative to the process of stabilization of expansive clay. Behavioral changes of kind of minerals and morphology molecular of clay identified by using XRD and testing SEM. The test results on the types of minerals clay by XRD, indicating that electrokinetics process does not result in changes in the types of clay minerals. SEM testing in clay soils, showed that the results of the deployment of lime solution using electrokinetics process, succeeded in putting lime attach to molecules of clay. The results of this study indicate that the electrokinetics potential to be developed as an alternative to expansive clay stabilization.


The urgent tasks of MOSFET modeling for circuit simulation are easy adaptation to new physical phenomena arising for advancing technologies, and, of course, sufficient simulation accuracy. Approaches currently being pursued for developing such MOSFET models are summarized. Their capabilities for accomplishing these tasks as well as the important remaining problems are discussed.


Eigenvalue, maximum principle and regularity for fully non linear homogeneous operators. Abstract The main scope of this article is to define the concept of principal eigen-value for fully non linear second order operators in bounded domains that are elliptic, homogenous with lower order terms. In particular we prove maximum and comparison principle, Hölder and Lipschitz regularity. This leads to the existence of a first eigenvalue and eigenfunction and to the existence of solutions of Dirichlet problems within this class of operators.


The use of cheese whey in agricultural applications is an option to reduce the environmental impact caused when it is dumped without control. The purpose of this work was to measure the phytotoxicity of the sweet whey that is generated during the production of fresh cheese using seeds and seedlings of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) as test-object organisms. The variables evaluated were the lethal concentration (LC50) due to the inhibition of germination in both seeds, and the sublethal concentration (CSL) due to the decrease in the development of sprouts and seedlings. Four individual experiments were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, both in Petri dishes with culture medium and in germinators with support, in a completely randomized experimental design (DECA) with five treatments (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% of whey and a drinking water control) with a total of 252 experimental units. The results obtained indicate that sweet whey has an LC50-5 of 53% and a CSL-10 of 12% in alfalfa seeds (p<0.05) and an LC50-60 of 20% in alfalfa seedlings and an LC50-20 of 20% in corn seedlings. It was observed at 60 days that at concentrations between 4 and 6%, sweet whey has a growth-promoting effect on corn seedlings (p<0.05), concluding that it is possible to safely use diluted whey in sustainable agricultural practices.


In this study, a procedure for selecting the optimal heat-accumulating material based on phase transitions for the economical maintenance of poultry farms by applying ANOVA to complex solid bodies' thermodynamic parameters is described. The relevance of the topic is due to its importance for the development of an energy-saving technology based on the release or absorption of significant heat during the crystallization or melting of materials. The applicability of one-way ANOVA for the selection of the optimal material with a specific functional purpose was demonstrated. As result, the best composition for maintaining a normal temperature regime in poultry farms that could meet all the requirements imposed on heat-storage materials was determined. It was found that magnesium sulphate heptahydrate is such a material.


A package for free-flowing products comprising a product container and a closable applicator point fitted on its outlet aperture is to provide a means of precisely metering the quantity of product expelled regardless of the level in the package and at the same time ensure easy handling. This is achieved in that the product container (2) takes the form of an extruded tubular aluminium recipient having, at least in part, externally depressable walls (6 or 9) which spring back when the pressure is released.


Objective To investigate the effect of erythromycin estolate of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9( MMP-9),matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1( TIMP-1) and interleukin-8( IL-8) in treatment of bronchial asthma( asthma) in children. Methods One hundred children with asthma were randomly divided into control group and erythromycin group with 50 cases in each group and were given the global initiative for asthma( GINA) scheme for regular treatment and erythromycin estolate group was given additional erythromycin for treatment of 4 weeks. The serum levels of IL-8,MMP-9,TIMP-1 change of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results The serum levels of IL-8,MMP-9,TIMP-1 of the two groups were decreased after treatment( P 0. 01),with that of the erythromycin estolate group decreased more significantly than that of the control group( P 0. 01). Conclusion Erythromycin estolate treatment on the basis of conventional GINA can help to reduce the serum levels of IL-8,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in children with asthma.


According to European Action on Global Life Sciences (EAGLES) diabetes report 2008, 80% people with diabetes in the world hail from developing countries. This number is predicted to grow by 150% in the next 25 years. According to the International Diabetes Federation estimates, about 3.8 million people died of diabetes in 2007 and predict that without urgent action, this may increase by 50% in the next 10 years. This estimate is more than the deaths from HIV/AIDS and nearly four times more than the deaths from malaria.(1)


The present invention for regular drinking water if the drink to be related to a vessel containing the silicate powder, use of the more specifically prepared by containing a silicate (SIO Vessel containing the silicate powder according to the invention, and that by using a reduced pressure distillation while the silicate (SIO After fired to put the silicate powder to form a groove in the inner bottom of the container a silicate and dextrin in the groove ratio 8: then glazed to insert the silicate material is formed by mixing at a ratio of 2 and a top in the firing furnace 800 ~ is prepared by re-firing at a temperature of 900 ℃; Said silicate is anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na


ON Monday morning this gas was administered at the Dental Hospital, Soho Square, by Mr. Clover, to three patients of Mr. C. J. Fox, for extraction of teeth. In the first two cases the patients were females and very nervous, and the effect of the gas on the pulse was not distinguishable. I. Female, aged 24. The pulse previouslyto inhalation was 148, and continued about the same (except towards the end, when it was slower) during the four minutes she continued under the influence of the gas. The respirations varied from four to nine per minute. The pupils became slightly dilated, and the face rather livid. Tooth extracted with little pain. She felt slight vertigo for a few minutes afterwards. 2. Female aged 29. Pulse previously to admission i16, and during administration, which lasted 75 seconds, 112, falling to io8 at the end. Pupils dilated considerably, and the patient felt no pain in extraction. She felt vertigo for a short time afterwards. 3. Male aged 28. Pulse before inhalation 60, and during the whole administration of the gas continued at 8o. The patient became quite insensible in 5 minutes 31 seconds; a tooth was extracted, but, being a difficult case, the patient recovered partially before it was completed, and felt it slightly. The gas was administered a second time in 75 seconds, and a second tooth extracted without pain. The gas was administered by a nose-inhaler; but, this getting out of order, the results were not so satisfactory as usual. The gas was administered on Tuesday last at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, by Mr. Coleman, in the following cases. I. Excision of Condylomata. The patient, after some difficulty, was compelled to inhale the gas. She was kept in a state of anesthesia without difficulty for a period of two minutes, whilst the operations were performed by Mr. Colebank, the house-surgeon. Mr. Savory, under whose care the patient was, remarked " that this was a very good case, inasmuch as the operation without anzesthesia would have been extremely painful." The patient, on recovery, had no recollection of what had taken place. 2. A deep-seated Abscess in the Gluteal Region.The patient begged hard for chloroform, and did not inhale the gas kindly; still she felt no pain during the incision, but afterwards screamed loudly, as hysterical patients frequently do after taking chloroform. (Mr. Paget.) 3. Amputation of Little Toe in a little girl in the same ward. She was much alarmed by the screams of the last patient, but inhaled the gas well. The very dark venous colour of the blood was pointed out by Mr. Paget. The operation did not occupy thirty seconds. The child was quite unconscious afterwards of anything having been done to her. (Mr. Paget.) 4. Forcible Extension of a Contracted Knee-joint in an elderly female. In this case, owing to loss of teeth and the presence of a very loose set of artificial ones, much air was unavoidably inspired with the gas. Contrary to expectation, no unusual difficulty was experienced from muscular rigidity caused by the agent. The patient, after recovery, said she was awakened from a very beautiful dream. (Mr. Paget.) 5. Removal of Condylomata. This patient was some minutes before recovering consciousness. Upon recovery, she said she felt some headache, but was not aware that anything had been done to her. (Mr. Paget.) Mr. Coleman administered the gas also at the Dental Hospital, on Thursday morning to a considerable number of cases with most satisfactory results. It was given in twelve cases altogether. The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 24. The average time required to produce total insensibility was only 43 seconds, and the time of recovery after the extraction 34 seconds. To one of the patients the gas was administered a second time with equally good results. The effect on the pulse was not marked; as in most cases, it was unnaturally quick from nervousness. It, however, became slower and weaker; as the face became discoloured, the pupil dilated, and the conjunctiva insensible. Rigidity of the muscles was observed in a few cases, and particularly in one patient. In this case the jaw became so closed and rigid as to prevent the proper introduction of the forceps. With one exception, in which consciousness returned before the operation was finished, the patients felt no pain.


Objective
To explore the effects of family involvement and online extended nursing for postoperative rehabilitation in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) .

Methods
Totally 60 CSCI patients who were admitted and received surgery in Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2013 to July 2016 and their major caregivers after being discharged from hospital were equally divided into an observation group (n=30) and a control group (n=30) according to the random number table. Patients in the control group received conventional instructions 1 day before being discharged from hospital and telephone follow-ups in Week 1, Month 1, Month 3 and Month 6 after being discharged from hospital, while patients in the observation group received extended nursing via WeChat groups on this basis. The quality of life, incidence of complications and compliance of rehabilitation exercise six months after surgery were compared between the patients in the two groups.

Results
The patients in the two groups showed higher scores in various dimensions indicating the quality of life six months after surgery than they did at discharge, and the patients in the observation group showed higher scores than the patients in the control group (P 0.05) . The patients in the observation group showed higher compliance of rehabilitation exercise than the patients in the control group (P<0.05) .

Conclusions
Family involvement and WeChat extended nursing helps to build a long-term service system for CSCI patients and accelerate their postoperative rehabilitation, thus worthy of expansion and application.

Key words:
Rehabilitation nursing; Cervical spinal cord injury; Extended nursing; Family members; WeChat


A novel Cu-catalysed substitution reaction of propargyl acetates with P(O)H compounds is developed to afford allenylphosphoryl compounds via C-P bond coupling in high yields under mild conditions. A plausible mechanism involving the nucleophilic interception of the Cu-allenylidene intermediates is proposed.


Designed for C52 or Data Structures course using Ada. The movement away from Pascal as the introductory programming language and the re-emergence of Ada makes this text timely. Outstanding reviews of coverage of recursion, narrative, and style considered informative and motivating.


Catalytic hydrogenation is one of the most important reactions both in academic research and industry. We explored ability of the manganese pi‐complexes to act as Shvo‐type catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones. DFT calculations suggested that the transfer of hydrogen atoms from the hypothetical intermediate [(C6Me3H2OH)Mn(CO)2H] to acetone has low activation barrier of 10.9 kcal mol−1. Experimentally a number of ketones with various functional groups (OMe, NH2, Cl, CF3, pyridyl) were successfully reduced in isopropanol at 90 °C in the presence of the complex [(C6Me3H2OH)Mn(CO)3]BF4 (1 mol %) and tBuOK (75 mol %). However, further investigation revealed that the reduction was mainly promoted by base rather than the manganese complex.


The newly decoded DNA of a sea anemone looks surprisingly similar to our own, a team of researchers reports in this week9s
 Science. This implies that even very ancient genomes were quite complex and contained most of the genes necessary to build today9s most sophisticated multicellular creatures.