The July 2005 U.S.–India joint statement represents a fundamental transformation of U.S.–India relations and at the same time a challenge to the disarmament and non-proliferation regimes. There is concern that the March 2006 separation plan proposed by India for demarcating its military and civilian nuclear facilities may allow a potentially rapid expansion of its capacity for fissile material production for weapons. In this analysis, we have assessed fissile material production capabilities in India and how they might change as a result of the U.S.–India deal. We look at current stockpiles of fissile materials in India and Pakistan and estimate the changing capacity for future fissile material production as India progressively places some of its heavy water reactors under safeguards. We assess India's uranium resource constraints and the additional weapons grade plutonium production in its unsafeguarded heavy water power reactors that would be made possible by imports of uranium allowed by the deal. We also estimate the weapons plutonium production from India's fast breeder reactor that is under construction and is to be unsafeguarded.


Just how far reactions can go after gelation during the cure of telechelic prepolymers has been a debatable point for some time. Utilizing a recently devised method,7 the curing reactions of some telechelic prepolymers were followed after the gel point. Extents of reaction above 90% occurred only in systems of average functionality close to two, functionality being the average number of reactive groups per molecule. Among systems of higher functionality, maximum extents of reaction of about 70% were most common. The final extent of reaction was only a few per cent above the extent of reaction at the gel point. The maximum extent of reaction varied with the concentration of reactive species and the relationship was a linear one at each functionality of the system. The data were consistent with PA2/r = {0.88/[(h − 1)(j − 1)]} + 0.10 where PA is the fraction of prepolymer reactive groups initially present which have reacted, r is the ratio of the initial number of crosslinking groups to prepolymer reactive groups, and h and j are weighted average functionalities of the two reactants. It is suggested that the limiting factor in defining the final extent of reaction in these systems is the accessibility of reactive groups as determined by solid geometry rather than thermodynamics or reaction kinetics. The final extent of cure is regularly dependent on functionality and one cannot regard functionality and maximum extent of reaction as independent variables.


The results of reciprocal hybridization of Aphanius mento and Aphanius dispar are reported. The offspring were examined individually and compared with the parents. It was found that the female hybrids are closer to A. dispar, while the males are closer to A. mento.


The influence of non-perfect circularity of the left and right circular light waves of a reflective interferometric fiber-optic current sensor is theoretically and experimentally investigated for currents up to several 100 kA and temperatures from -40 to 80degC. By control of crucial parameters and appropriate packaging of the sensing fiber accuracy and repeatability within plusmn0.1% is achieved. Applications of the sensor are in high-voltage substations and in the electrolytic production of metals such as aluminum.


A mathematical model of high power LED lights heat transfer was established, in which heat transfer structure of heat pipe was simplified based on the equivalent thermal resistance network model, and numerically solved by using the CFD software, the steady state temperature distributions were obtained. The simulation results indicate that ambient air temperature, the number of heat pipe, the thickness of bond coating, and the size of radiator play important roles for LED chip temperature, however, the influence of copper sink thickness is negligible. The heat transfer structure was optimized based on these results, and the optimized structure can achieve a better balance between cost reducing and heat transfer enhancement.


In The Order of Things (1966), Michel Foucault cited a now-famous passage of Borges' that quoted a 'certain Chinese encyclopaedia' that divides animals into: '(a) belonging to the Emperor, (b) embalmed, (c) tame, (d) suckling pigs, (e) sirens, (f) fabulous, (g) stray dogs, (h) included in the present classification, (i) frenzied, (j) innumerable, (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush, (l) et cetera, (m) having just broken the water pitcher, (n) that from a long way off look like flies.' At once confounding and wondrous, for Foucault this fictional taxonomy demonstrated the limitations of Western systems of thought, and the impossibility of thinking outside the rationality of the modern order of things. Farcical as it may be, the taxonomy that asks us to classify animals according to whether they are 'owned by the emperor' or 'fabulous' calls into question the objectivity and truth of all forms of encyclopaedic knowledge. Like the encyclopaedia, the museological order of things corresponds to its episteme: the epistemological field underlying the production of scientific knowledge, or the set of relations in a given period within which knowledge is produced, rationally defined and justified. If knowledge is shaped by museums according to their epistemes, what social and political agendas, class, race and gender prejudices might be unravelled from their neutral façades and clinical object arrangements? Emerging in the 1980s, Fiona Hall's collections of things, her taxonomies as I describe them here, appropriate the museum's logic of display in order to lay bare the museum's role in shaping knowledge. Her museological strategies are most obvious in her methodical labelling and ordering of series, and her frequent adoption of display cabinets, or vitrines. Hall's 'order of things' derives from a web of models as diverse as Pliny's first-century Naturalis Historia, the early-modern wunderkammer, eighteenth-century Linnean taxonomy, and the nineteenth-century colonial museum. 'I take inspiration from the traditional glass case filled with an array of objects,' Hall claims, 'where one is allowed to make poetic associations as well as scientific observations.' The conceptual marriages of art and science, play and logic, and the phantasmic and empirical, demonstrate the importance of a dialectical, surrealist imagination to the subversive potential of her taxonomies. Likewise, their utter lack of consistency suggests that she is less interested in simply documenting the 'historical systematising of knowledge' than in exploring the ways in which this


Desmoplastic ameloblastoma was first described by Eversole in 1984. We recently encountered a case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the anterior maxilla.A 52-year-old man presented to the First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Meikai University. A biopsy was performed, and examination of the biopsy specimen indicated a diagnosis of odontogenic fibroma. The patient underwent tooth extraction in the affected region and tumor resection under general anesthesia.Microscopic examination after the operation showed an extensive collagenized stroma containing small islets of tumor epithelium with a slight tendency to from cystic structures. The histological diagnosis was thesefore desmoplastic ameloblastoma.


Data mining methods are used in decision making to select compromise solution from the results of multi-objective optimization. In the present study, the efficacy of the rough set theory is investigated applying the method to a known multiobjective optimization problem. The results indicate that the rough set theory might address local design knowledge although it is difficult to directly drive automated decision.


Circulating fluidized bed desulfurization means semi-dry desulfurization technology which is used widely in the country,but it shows many problems,such as weak system reliability、circulating ash equipment easily jammed、wetted wall、high energy consumption of system、high running expense、low desulfurization rate,and so on.This paper makes analysis on the common problems existed in circulating fluidized bed desulfurization process.


The plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (X.f.) is known to colonize hundreds of plant species but to cause disease in a minor number. Despite its broad host spectrum, some subspecies of these bacteria are restricted to specific hosts. For example, strong evidence of no cross-infection of X.f. subsp. pauca from citrus was observed in coffee and vice versa by artificial experiments or naturally (Francisco et al., 2017 – Phytophatology). However, the emerging of X.f. subsp. pauca as a serious pathogen to olive crop and the epidemic characteristic of this subspecies in Brazil whereas a variable number of sequence type (ST) is present highlight the importance to know the response of olive plants to different ST of X.f. subsp. pauca. On the other hand, for our experience artificial infection of X.f. subsp. pauca in olive plants has been no efficient reaching the maximum of 33% of success. Based on this background the hypotheses of this work are - i. olive plants can be infected by different STs of X.f. subsp. pauca; ii. the cultured medium used for bacteria grown (PD3 – complex and XFM – minimum) can affect the inoculation efficiency. By the results of experiments in the greenhouse, we observed that ST11 and ST13 from citrus, ST16 from coffee, and ST70 from hibiscus were able to infect olive plants. The average of positive infection in olive plants by X. fastidiosa with 24 h of incubation in XFM, after grown 5 days in PW medium, reached 45% and only 23% with incubation in PD3. By using citrus seedlings as test plants, cells with 24 h of incubation in XFM reached 69% of infection against 52% of grown in PD3. On the other hand, no difference in infection was observed for the medium (87% for both XFM


In the big picture of educational informatization, more and more information tools have been applied to physics teaching in a certain university. Information technology has not only improved teaching quality and efficiency effectively but also placed higher requirements on teachers and students. In this paper, the impact of information-based education technology on physics teaching in the university is explored from three aspects of cloud computing, smartphone, and smart classroom in the Internet era. At the same time, the development direction of physics teaching reform and innovation is discussed to change the existing physics teaching model in the university and improve the physics teaching quality through the information-based education technology in the Internet era.


A thought of information construction named "digital oilfield"is put forward in the oil field at present, which needs considering system integration. Advanced Web Service technologyiscombined, technology of system integration based on Web Service is utilizedto carry on system integration in application layer, integrated service platform is structured in oil field, andthe platform is realized under the Microsoft. net environment.


Polypyrrole-coated SnO2 hollow spheres hybrid materials have been synthesized through an in situ polymerization of pyrrole monomers in the presence of preprepared SnO2 hollow spheres. The hybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Experimental data showed certain synergetic interaction existed in the hybrids, probably resulting in the enhanced thermal stability of polypyrrole coatings. Gas sensing tests showed that the hybrids possessed very fast response and high sensitivity to ammonia gas at room temperature, implying its potential application for gas sensors.


CdGeAs2 single crystals were prepared by low temperature crystallization from the nonstoichiometric melt. The temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity and the Hall coefficient were examined for CdGeAs2 single crystals. All the as-grown crystals show n-type conductivity with free electron concentration of 1018 cm-3 and Hall mobility of around 10000 cm2/(Vs) at room temperature. The Hall mobility increases with the temperature decrease and reaches 36000 cm2/(Vs) at 77 K. This is the first evidence of the high electron mobility for CdGeAs2 single crystals.


One of the keys to improve e-learning lies on the teachers' capacity.Based on teaching practice,the paper discusses difficulties facing online teachers.From the manager's perspective of an online educational institution,the author analyzes the obstacles impeding teachers' capacity development and proposes some strategies to enhance their teaching competence.


Face recognition is the process of comparing an image with the database images. It is used in many applications such as video surveillance, criminal investigation, etc. When compared to other biometric techniques, it has the advantage that it can be done without the active participation of the person. Here we proposed a new algorithm to recognize the input face image and to classify the age effectively. Due to high ability of curvelet transform in representing the edges, a fusion technique based on wavelet and curvelet transform is used. Wavelet transform is applied to the query image thus producing four subbands. For each subband, fast discrete curvelet transform is applied to get curvelet coefficients. Then energy and entropy features are calculated for each coefficient. The resultant features are reduced by PCA. The PCA approach is used to reduce the dimension of the data by means of data compression, and reveals the most effective low dimensional structure of facial patterns. This reduction in dimensions removes information that is not useful and precisely decomposes the face structure features into orthogonal components. These reduced features are compared to database and if the person is authorized, then age classification is done using neural network. The classifier classifies the age into four categories: child. Young, middle age and old.


In this paper, we develop a systematic design methodology for control modules to manage and control the information flow among existing and new manufacturing application systems in CIM by synthesizing object-oriented modelling and net analysis (Petri net [PN]) methods. Due to the importance of objects in managing and controlling information flow, transformation rules from unified modelling language (UML) object dependencies and flows to PN were defined to extend the existing transformation rules between UML activity diagrams and PNs. The goal is to use the configurable graphic interface and the mathematical analysis methods of the PN to verify the logic correctness of the flow control mechanism and then apply the standard modelling and implementation capabilities of UML to transform the control specifications into desired computer codes with specified logic and configuration. The PN models were analysed by performing efficient algorithms that solve recursively corresponding integer programming (IP) problems to discover structural errors in the models. This design methodology was then used to build a prototype of the control module for CIM that took into account commercially available computer-aided manufacturing application systems to demonstrate its applicability.


: The search for neutrinos of astrophysical origin is among the primary goals of the IceCube neutrino telescope. Point source candidates include galactic objects such as supernova remnants (SNRs) as well as extragalactic objects such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), Supernovae (SNe) and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). To increase the sensitivity of the search for high-energy neutrinos from SNe and especially GRBs an X-ray follow-up with the Swift satellite has been developed. Upon the detection of two or more neutrinos from a common direction and within a short span of time, IceCube will trigger the satellite to scan the same direction for a transient X-ray counterpart, e.g. an X-ray GRB afterglow. In addition to typical GRBs the program is sensitive to SN shock breakouts, slightly off-axis GRBs and orphan GRB afterglows. The online event selection in IceCube as well as the X-ray observation strategy will be presented.


PURPOSE: To improve heat control characteristics of a discharge lamp including a housing base part in which a stabilizing circuit to be used for driving the discharge lamp by a proper operating frequency is arranged. CONSTITUTION: A stabilizing circuit 26 is arranged on a circuit board 22 and this circuit board 22 is mounted in a housing base part 12 in a direction perpendicular to a discharge lamp which is uprightly mounted. The circuit board 22 extends up to the lowest part of the housing base part 12 and is thermally connected with a screw cap 14. Thus, the screw cap 14 works as a heat sink for a component arranged on the circuit board 22. Preferably, a component which generates more heat is arranged adjacently to the screw cap 14 and near the bottom part of the circuit board 22.


Finishing pre-driving end space,using the combined support with bolt,cable,steel wire mesh to support the roof,the fully mechanized coal face was safely and rapidly withdrawed.The time was saved.The difficulty of connecting tension was solved.The comsumption of labor and materials were reduced.The purpose of savings was reached.


The implementation of automatic segmentation of tissues on a medical image into binary images is discussed.A method that a greyscale image is automatically segmented into binary images on demand by fuzzy processing the bar chart of the image is introduced and the result is presented.


Since last decades, online technologies have revolutionized the modern computing world. However, as a result, security threats are increasing rapidly. A huge community is using the online services even from chatting to banking is done via online transactions. Customers of web technologies face various security threats and phishing is one of the most important threats that need to be address. Therefore, the security mechanism must be enhanced. The attacker uses phishing attack to get victims credential information like bank account number, passwords or any other information by mimicking a website of an enterprise, and the victim is unaware of phishing website.


Using non-linier load in Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) can cause harmonic distortion which will eventually have the effect on power quality. The research was designed as a single-turned passive filter to cope will harmonic distortion in UPS. In this phase, THDv, THDi, and IHDi were measured in UPS. MATLAB/Simulink was used for simulation of filter testing. After single-turned passive filter was installed, the third order of harmonic current decreased from 47,69% to 7,08% or reduced 40.61%.


Aimed at the decision problem of many schemes on a certain large caliber naval gun automatic magazine,a decision model based on samples feature weighted support vector regression was proposed.The demands and principia for scheme selection were analyzed.In addition,the system decision factor sets were fuzzily quantized,and the input samples of the decision model were structured.Some domain experts' knowledge structure information was used to build the weight vector of decision factor.By means of nonlinear relationship identification for the system decision factor sets and schemes,the decision model founded on the feature weighted kernel function support vector regression was built.The simulation and experiment results show that the decision model based on the support vector regression is effective and practicable.


Homologous recombination (HR) represents an important means for
the repair of chromosome breaks induced by exogenous agents
(e.g. ionizing radiation) or that arise endogenously (e.g.
replication of a damaged DNA template). The elimination of
these breaks is critical for the maintenance of genome
stability. DNA strand break repair by HR is mediated by genes
of the RAD52 epistasis group, whose structure and function are
highly conserved among eukaryotes. Rad52 protein plays central
role in this process. It binds and anneals complemtary ssDNA,
self-associate to form multimeric rings, interacts with Rad51,
and promotes nucleation of Rad51 onto ssDNA. Here, we show that
Rad52 contains second DNA binding domain that is capable of
mediating Rad51-catalyzed strand exchange reaction. The
molecular mechanism of Rad52 function in homologous
recombination is disccused.


As German defeat drew nearer, the battle lines were redrawn. The Soviets, previously allies, became the enemy. The anti-British American minister to Tehran decided that British interests should be cut down to size. The author has gone into enormous detail in the British, German and American intelligence archives, most of them very recently declassified, to pull out the characters involved. Former pupils of Robin Zaehner will find much that he did not pass on in his Oxford tutorials. It was a tangled web, but every thread is shown. This is not political or military history, but a history of intelligence and counter-intelligence. The only Iranians who feature in it are German agents. Much more needs to be written on this period and O'Sullivan's diligent research and copious footnotes have laid invaluable groundwork for further study.


tants on both sides) than would have perished in further 'conventional' bombing and invasion of Japan. Even, however, if the use of nuclear weapons is to be condemned in all circumstances, deterrence has never killed anybody yet; and if deterrence is to be condemned it must be for the moral deformation that it brings upon the deterrer. The extent of this deformation is linked with what FBG stigmatize as the murderous intention to commit a murderous act. But is the moral relationship between the intention and the intended act the same for all kinds of intention? The intention to use certain weapons if deterrence fails is not an intention to do something which we want to do, whose frustration will give a sense of disappointment or failure. Rather it is a secondary or conditional intention whose fulfilment comes on to the agenda only if the primary intention, to deter war, has been frustrated. The failure and disappointment lie in the frustration of the primary objective; only then does the implementation of the conditional intention have to be considered. So far from obscuring the moral issue, the conditionality of the intention marks an important distinction and goes far to explain the difficulty, for FBG, that most upholders of common morality find the deterrent acceptable. Nevertheless, whether or not we agree with FBG that the moral rule forbidding the killing of the innocent applies so totally to the intentions underlying deterrence as to render deterrence an illegitimate means of discharging the obligation to oppose the spread of a totalitarian power, this ^ powerfully argued and readable book is a most valuable contribution to the | debate. It deserves to be widely studied, and a cheaper paperback edition will + be very welcome. I Arthur Hockaday


Motivated by applications to transition semigroups, we introduce the notion of a norming dual pair and study a Pettis-type integral on such pairs. In particular, we establish a sufficient condition for integrability. We also introduce and study a class of semigroups on such dual pairs which are an abstract version of transition semigroups. Using our results, we give conditions ensuring that a semigroup consisting of kernel operators has a Laplace transform which also consists of kernel operators. We also provide conditions under which a semigroup is uniquely determined by its Laplace transform. 䭥y睯rds : Pettis-type integral, dual pairs, Laplace transform, transition semigroup MSC 2010: 46G10, 47D06, 60J35


Including opportunities for students to conduct independent investigations is a mainstay of gifted education programs and services. When carefully designed and skillfully facilitated, students' interest-based, independent study experiences result in increased intrinsic motivation, growth in 21st-century critical and creativity skills, greater self-efficacy toward research and creative productivity, and authentic learning experiences. Successful and meaningful investigations occur when teachers guide students through four stages of the independent study process: interest focusing, problem focusing, product focusing, and audience focusing. Progression through these stages leads to real-life learning experiences with lasting effects for students.


Purpose
In this work, the authors deal with topology optimization in electromagnetism using solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method associated with a gradient-based algorithm. The purpose of this study is to propose and investigate the impact of new generalized material interpolation scheme (MIS) used in SIMP approaches.

Design/methodology/approach
The variable domains of this kind of electromagnetism design problem are decomposed into small squares which represent a material point (iron here) or void. A least square function where the magnetic field in a target zone has to be as close as possible to a fixed one is minimized. Then the binary optimization problem is relaxed to a continuous one. By using the adjoint variable method, the gradient is provided. By penalizing the objective function using MIS, gradient-based algorithms can then be directly applied to provide efficient solutions close to the binary ones.

Findings
In this work, new general MISs are proposed. It is shown on numerous numerical instances that the so-obtained design solutions are more precise to define the zones with or without materials.

Research limitations/implications
Only the linearity of the materials is addressed because the associated adjoint method needs this assumption. However, the new penalization approaches are not dependent directly on this assumption.

Originality/value
The new MISs are efficiently applied to design of a hall effect thruster (HET) magnetic circuits. Furthermore, these schemes are generic and can then be applied to other topology optimization applications in electromagnetism as well as and in mechanism.


A video-signal processing device (7) in one embodiment of the present invention is provided with a motion-vector detection unit (14) and a plurality of interpolated-image generation units (15). Said motion-vector detection unit (14) detects interpolated motion vectors representing motion between a first wide-area image and a second wide-area image. Using a first partial image from the first frame, a second partial image from the second frame, and the interpolated motion vectors, each interpolated-image generation unit (15) generates an interpolated partial image corresponding to a segmentation region.


In this paper we give representations for the coefficients of the Maclaurin series for \Gamma(z+1) and its reciprocal (where \Gamma is Euler's Gamma function) with the help of a differential operator \mathfrak{D}, the exponential function and a linear functional ^{*} (in Theorem 3.1). As a result we obtain the following representations for \Gamma (in Theorem 3.2): \begin{align*} \Gamma(z+1) & = \big(e^{-u(x)}e^{-z\mathfrak{D}}[e^{u(x)}]\big)^{*}, \\ \big(\Gamma(z+1)\big)^{-1} & = \big(e^{u(x)}e^{-z\mathfrak{D}}[e^{-u(x)}]\big)^{*}. \end{align*} Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 3.2 are our main results. With the help of the first theorem we give our approach for finding the coefficients of Maclaurin series for \Gamma(z+1) and its reciprocal in an explicit form.


Serum folate (N-methyltetrahydrofolic acid) levels were studied in 34 male and 72 female volunteers. 43% of the women were taking oral contraceptives. Folate levels were below normal in 26% of the men and 30% of the women (not a significant difference). After 2 weeks of treatment with folic acid (1 mg daily) all folic acid levels were within normal ranges. No significant differences between treated and untreated women were seen. Further study is planned.


Background: Sexually transmitted diseases remain a significant issue among the young people. In order to implement effective preventive measures, awareness of the comorbid conditions and causation of STDs, as well as sexual behaviour, among vulnerable young people, such as university students, must be established. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness level of students regarding prevention and control of STDs.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Panjab University situated in Chandigarh, India between February and August 2020. Purposive sampling was used to recruit students. Data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The nature of the data was quantitative and was analyzed through SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 211 (female/male:51.7%/48.3%, mean age: 22.5 years) respondents were enrolled. The awareness regarding the safe sex practices was very high (98.1%). 99.1% respondents were aware of HIV and AIDS, 65.4% respondents who were aware of hepatitis B and 55% respondents who were aware of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. To prevent STDs 86.3% respondents were aware of condom, 72% respondents were aware to avoid unprotected sex and 19.9% respondents knew of abstinence.Conclusions: Condoms awareness is still lacking in students. Consequently, it puts them at a higher risk of STDs. Such data can be used to strengthen ongoing STDs prevention efforts in India aimed at reducing STDs in young adults.


Very low mass (VLM) stars, which we define here somewhat arbitrarily as those with masses ;$ 0.3 M 0' pose some of the more interesting problems in stellar astrophysics. The physics of their envelopes and atmospheres are more complicated and their structures less well modeled than their more massive counterparts. The properties of stellar configurations near the hydrogen-burning mass limit, ,...., 0.08 M 0' are particularly uncertain. The likely onset of complete interior convection for stars in this mass range raises questions as to how applicable is the solar model in describing their surface activity-photospheric, chromospheric, and coronal. While they dominate numerically the stellar population in the solar neighborhood, their low luminosities and cool temperatures have made them difficult objects for detailed study. However, new observing tech niques from both the ground and space have afforded much recent progress, now including results on the halo population (subdwarfs). Still to come are the first observations of the nearest globular clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope, which may spatially resolve tens of thousands of M subdwarfs down to near the main-sequence mass limit (cf. Bahcall & Schneider 1987). Also ahead of us are final answers to such questions of broad astronomical impact as (a) how many stars of very low mass there really are in our Galactic disk and in other stellar populations, (b) whether


This article intends to adequate the theoretical model of Panebianco to the study of a party like the PRI. The author underlines the intellectual sources of Panebianco and details the central elements of this model to analyze the system of organization of the political party: foundation, institutionalization, dominant coalition, spaces of power, and others. AJ the same time that he makes a presentation of the Panebianco model, the author analyzes-in a parallel manner the Partido Revolucionario Institucional. The text concludes pointing out that the Panebianco model is useful for the study of a hegemonic party such as the mentioned one, and that the analysis of it's organizative system clarifies the decisive role that this party plays in the Mexican political regime.


We develop a theory of innovation waves, investor sentiment, and merger activity based on Knightian uncertainty. Uncertainty-averse investors are more optimistic on an innovation when they can make contemporaneous investments in multiple uncertain projects. Innovation waves occur when there is a critical mass of innovative companies, and are characterized by stronger investor sentiment, higher equity valuation, and hot initial public offering markets. Our approach to investor sentiment is not based on erroneous beliefs disjoint from economic fundamentals, but depends on uncertainty on the fundamentals. Our model can explain sector-specific booms uncorrelated with aggregate economic activity and the overall stock market.


This ninth biennial Compendium. continues the previous work of Nichols, et al., on single event effects (SEE) on microcircuits first published in 1985. Because of the volume of SEE data that has generated over past years, this Compendium only presents data collected and/or published in the last two years.


1. A review of 193 African and Indian children suffering from spina bifida has been made. Forty-three were seen on the first day of life and the remainder during subsequent weeks of life. 2. For the baby with mild or moderate paralysis and an open spinal lesion early closure was of value in preventing progressive neural damage. 3. For the baby with severe paralysis and an open myelomeningocele early operation was not of value in preventing further neural damage, and all remained severely paralysed. immediate operation to close the spinal lesion is not justified in babies with severe paralysis: survivors may be treated by later operation to prevent recurrent meningitis.


BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to describe and correlate the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial fascia thickness assessed by ultrasonography (US) with the lumbar erector spinae muscles contractile properties evaluated by tensiomyography (TMG).

METHODS
A cross-sectional descriptive study with 50 healthy participants was performed. The point of maximum lordosis in the lumbar region of the right erector spinae was evaluated by US and TMG. First, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial fascia thicknesses (cm) were assessed by US. Second, the five contractile TMG parameters were analyzed from the right erector spinae muscles belly displacement-time curves: maximal radial displacement (Dm), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts), delay time (Td), and half-relaxation time (Tr). Finally, correlation analyses using Pearson (r for parametric data) and Spearman (rs for non-parametric data) coefficients were performed.

RESULTS
A strong negative correlation was shown between Dm and subcutaneous tissue thickness (rs=-0.668; P<.001). Furthermore, moderate negative correlations were observed between Dm and skin thickness (r=-0.329; P=0.020) as well as Tr and subcutaneous tissue thickness (rs=-0.369; P=0.008). The rest of the parameters did not show statistically significant correlations (P >.05).

CONCLUSION
Therefore, the lumbar erector spinae contractile properties during TMG assessments, especially Dm and Tr, may be widely correlated by the skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness.


High surface area new generation nano gold particles containing mesoporous and microporous catalysts were prepared and characterised using techniques such as BET, FTIR, ICP-MS, XPS, EXAFS and XRD techniques. The structure-dynamics of the nano gold metal particle activated complex and reactive species formed during the nitric oxide and carbon monoxide reaction together with advantages of these catalysts and the influence of reaction temperature and pressure have been studied. Adsorption and disproportionation of NO and CO over Au-Al-MCM-41 and Au-ZSM-5 catalysts was investigated using in-situ FTIR techniques. The reaction-interaction behaviour of gold nanoparticles in different micro-, mesoporous and macro-porous matrix structures has been studied.


Abstract : A theoretically derived series of 2-bladed supercavitating propellers with expanded area ratios of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5; 3-bladed propellers with expanded area ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6; and 4-bladed propellers with expanded area ratios of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 are presented. These propellers have a specified radial distribution of the section chord and a hub radius of 0.2 of the propeller radius. The series dataARE PLOTTED IN THE FORM OF NONDIMENSIONAL COEFFICIENTS SO THAT THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PROPELLERS CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED AND A COMPLETE DESIGN OBTAINED IF DESIRED.


This thesis consists of a comparative study betweeen the literary narratives Chilean, Argentine,
and Brazilian published in the last decade, considering the theme of the military dictatorships
in these contries.The analysis is composed of two books published in each country: "Un golpe
de agua" by Paula Carrasco (2014), and "La sombra de lo que fuimos" by Luis Sepulveda
(2009), from Chilean literature; "Una misma noche" by Leopoldo Brizuela (2012), and "Diario
de una princesa montonera: 110% verdad" by Mariana Eva Perez (2012), from Argentine
literature; "Os visitantes" by Bernardo Kucinski (2016), and "Outros cantos" by Maria Valeria
Rezende (2016),from Brazilian literature. The analyses have been realised including the
contribution of critics who proposed a discussion about the concepts of post-dictatorship,
archives, memory, and fiction. In the research, these concepts were assumed to understand how
governs keep under your control the suspension of a democratic regime. The reflections observe
that these countries deal with the theme in different stages. The research concludes that, in some
ways, the literature figure out dynamics to undertand the sense of the dictatorship and the
democracy in a specific context, oferring some evidences that can improve possibilites to one
settlement of accounts with the state


Abstract Climate change is expected to increase amphibian extinction rates; however, little is known about the physiological responses of amphibian populations to climate change projections for their region. For the Cascade Mountain Range of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, high-resolution climate models predict temperature increases during summer months. We evaluated phenotypic plasticity in larval growth and development in response to this projected increase in temperature in three co-occurring Anuran species: Cascades Frogs (Rana cascadae), Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas), and Pacific Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris regilla). We exposed each species to two temperature regimes: the control treatment simulated the historical summer temperatures for the decade of 2001–11; the warmed treatment mirrored this seasonal trend but simulated a 4°C average increase in temperature. To quantify the magnitude of plasticity and any consequences to body size, we measured growth characteristics throughout larval development and metamorphosis. We found significant acceleration in larval developmental rates and increased larval body mass under the warmed temperature treatment for all three species. When compared across Gosner developmental stages, however, the perceived weight gain in the warmed treatment was largely because of the advancement in development triggered by warming. As a consequence of rapid development, we observed differential shifts in body size features. We further identified an optimal temperature range (22–25°C) within which all three species showed maximum weight gain and development rates and above which performance plateaued. We provide empirical evidence for species-specific thermal tolerances and the potential for individualistic responses to climate change among co-occurring amphibian species.


Techniques that may enhance diagnostic accuracy in clinical settings were tested in the context of mammography. Statistical information about the relevant features among those visible in a mammogram and about their relative importances in the diagnosis of breast cancer was the basis of two decision aids for radiologists: a checklist that guides the ra diologist in assigning a scale value to each significant feature of the images of a particular case, and a computer program that merges those scale values optimally to estimate a probability of malignancy. A test set of approximately 150 proven cases (including normals and benign and malignant lesions) was interpreted by six radiologists, first in their usual manner and later with the decision aids. The enhancing effect of these feature-analytic techniques was analyzed across subsets of cases that were restricted progressively to more and more difficult cases, where difficulty was defined in terms of the radiologists' judgments in the standard reading condition. Accuracy in both standard and enhanced conditions de creased regularly and substantially as case difficulty increased, but differentially, such that the enhancement effect grew regularly and substantially. For the most difficult case sets, the observed increases in accuracy translated into an increase of about 0.15 in sensitivity (true-positive proportion) for a selected specificity (true-negative proportion) of 0.85 or a similar increase in specificity for a selected sensitivity of 0.85. That measured accuracy can depend on case-set difficulty to different degrees for two diagnostic approaches has general implications for evaluation in clinical medicine. Comparative, as well as absolute, assess ments of diagnostic performances—for example, of alternative imaging techniques—may be distorted by inadequate treatments of this experimental variable. Subset analysis, as defined and illustrated here, can be useful in alleviating the problem. Key words: computer- aided diagnosis; expert systems; technology assessment; quality assurance; diagnostic ac curacy; ROC analysis; feature analysis; cognitive processes; perception. (Med Decis Making 1991;11:9-18)


The teleseismic and strong-motion waveforms were inverted to determine the rupture process of the Duzce earthquake (Mw=7.1). We first inverted the displacement waveforms of teleseismic P-waves provided by Data Management Center of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS-DMC) to fix the fault geometry and some parameters. We then jointly inverted these teleseismic data and strong-motion seismograms from the Earthquake Research Department (ERD) of General Directorate of Disaster Affairs of Turkey. The rupture process of the Duzce earthquake was determined for explaining both the data sets. The strong-motion data have improved the resolution of the slip distribution, though the result of the joint inversion is still preliminary. The Duzce earthquake was characterized by bilateral fault rupture in a rather small zone. This zone agrees with the distributions of aftershocks, surface ruptures and damage.


Time-Domain Electromagnetic(EM) codes are increasingly being applied to coupling problems in order to supplement and complement the experimental efforts in this area. Both Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and Finite-Element Time-Domain (FETD) techniques are employed to calculate the fields and currents inside of a shielding body. The size of the relevant detail in realistic systems, however, currently limits the usefulness of these codes. This detail problem is investigated, and a number of proposed solutions to it are evaluated. Finally, some example problems, representative of current modelling capabilities, are presented. 4 refs., 3 figs.


The invention relates to a watermelon pulping device belonging to the field of watermelon processing technologies. The watermelon pulping device comprises a rechargeable electric hand drill, a holding device, a cross rod, a vertical rod, a bottom rod, a watermelon bracket and a drilling juice-making mechanism, wherein the holding device comprises the rechargeable electric hand drill, a sleeve I, a rotating shaft, a bolt I, a screw III, clamp plates, a shaft hole, a casing pipe, a long hole IV and a long hole II; the rechargeable electric hand drill is fixed in the clamp plates of the holding device and fixed by a bolt VII; the sleeve I of the holding device sleeves the cross rod; the sleeve I is fixed on the cross rod by the bolt I; the cross rod is provided with the long hole I; the screw III is screwed at one end of the sleeve I; one end of the screw III goes into the long hole I in the cross rod; the screw III is matched with the long hole I to play a guide role on the sleeve I so that the sleeve I can keep unchanging location on the cross rod.


: Obesity and type 2 diabetes have become prevalent in adolescents in the United States due to a diet that is high in saturated fats and simple sugars. Functional foods have become popular due to their potential to prevent chronic diseases. Hemp, alternative proteins, and spices were incorporated into a food product as functional ingredients for a targeted physiological function in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes in adolescents. The objectives of this research were to determine the antioxidant potential of selected flours (Hemp, Almond, Coconut, and All-purpose), develop a functional food product (Camunas) using alternative proteins and spices, determine the antioxidant potential of Camunas (pre-baked and post-baked), and determine effects of Camunas on metabolizing (α – amylase and α – glucosidase and lipase) enzymes. Antioxidant potential was determined through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and nitric oxide radical scavenging (NORS) assays. The product development steps were used to prepare Camunas using selected alternative flours with various spices including ginger, garlic, and turmeric. Hemp flour exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all assays except NORS where almond flour exhibited the highest. A successful functional food product (Camunas) was developed. Sensory analysis suggests Camunas will be considered accepted by consumers and shelf-life analysis determined that Camunas maintained quality when frozen at least 1 month. Savory and sweet Camunas exhibited significant antioxidant power post-processing. This allows Camunas to be marketed to reduce the risk of chronic diseases in adolescents. Camunas were also able to successfully inhibit carbohydrate and fat metabolizing enzymes, possibly reducing the risk of type II diabetes and obesity.


Abstract. Polarization aberrations by highlighting the concepts of polarization aberration fields and of wavefronts of two sheets are explained. The fields have a vector character and are derived from the aberration function of plane symmetric systems. It is shown that in the presence of retardance, an incoming optical field is split into two fields and therefore one can speak of wavefronts of two sheets. Both concepts, polarization aberration fields and wavefronts of two sheets, ease the understanding of polarization aberrations.


: Chinese traditional architectural decorative art embodies the soul of traditional ethnic minority art. It has extremely high artistic value and aesthetic value. Therefore, it still plays a role of inspiring, making reference and guiding the indoor and outdoor decorative art of architecture in the modern era. This paper mainly uses the research method of visual analysis to discuss the development of Chinese minority traditional architectural decoration in contemporary architectural decoration design. The research results can provide a reference for contemporary architectural decoration design and cultural heritage protection, so that more people can understand the research and development of traditional architectural decorative art of Chinese ethnic minorities, and further promote innovation and comprehensive development.


BHK21 cell is a susceptible host for a lot of animal viruses and a commonly used cell line for virus vaccines production.In order to study the replication disciplinarian of influenza A virus in the line of BHK21,the SYBR Green Ⅰreal-time RT-PCR(RRT-PCR) based on M gene is developed to study the replication disciplinarian of influenza A virus in the line of BHK21.The result shows that cytopathic effect(CPE) is observed at 24 h post infection(PI) when inoculation 1 MOI influenza A virus gets into BHK21 cells,and a large number of cells fall off and the desegregation is at 36 h PI.The virus load is 1.77×106copies/mL at 6 h,2.39×106copies/mL at 12 h,6.58×105copies/mL at 24 h and 2.87×105copies/mL at 36 h PI.The results in this study indicate that the RRT-PCR provides an accurate quantification of influenza A virus.This study also provides basic information for the interaction between cells and virus and vaccine production of influenza A virus.


The rapid development of technology enables all daily activities facilitated well. The using of ATM helps people to carry out all transactions whether for saving, making payments and others. Sometimes, the transactions conducted big amounts of money and the presence of the ATM will surely make them easier. The shortest distance searching is intended to help the user for saving time, especially if they need the nearest ATM to make some urgent transactions. The shortest trajectory issue is for finding paths between two points on a weighted graph that have combined weighted value on the graph's side that passed by the minimum number. The shortest distance searching can be done by using several algorithms such as Floyd-Warshall and Bellman-Ford Algorithms. Floyd-Warshall algorithm is one of the variants of dynamic programming, a method that solves problems by looking at the solutions to be obtained as an interrelated decision. While the Bellman-Ford Algorithm handles the searching of trajectory case with the smallest quality. In the Bellman-Ford Algorithm If there is no trajectory that connects origin dot and target dot, the result is infinity. The system implementation used C# as programming language, then the results of this research on Floyd-Warshall and Bellman-Ford Algorithms has produced the same total distance, and from the running time algorithm Floyd-Warshall was faster than the Bellman-Ford algorithm.


The present invention provides a composite insulation material sheet, which comprises a plurality of backbone units and the substrate. Each backbone unit having a negative Poisson's ratio, a plurality of different lengths of the first lever, a second lever, third lever connected together, the rod member are made of the same material, and the heat storage material coefficients satisfy rod : refractoriness rod material ≥1600 ℃, high temperature strength under the above conditions is not less than 1600 ℃ 1.0MPa, a thermal expansion coefficient at 200 ℃ ~ 1600 ℃ was 1.0 × 10-6 / ℃. The plurality of base units embedded in matrix backbone and integrated with the base, and the regenerator matrix coefficients satisfy: using negative Poisson's ratio because the skeleton structure, having good insulation properties and heat resistance, when the compression deformation is generated compressive strength, very good resilience to shocks and bending. When applied to the casting process, the riser size can be reduced, improving the riser feeding effect, can improve the casting process yield, but also reduces the cleaning work casting, reduce the cost, energy saving and environment.


Asset tokenisation has become one of the most prominent use-cases of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) in financial markets, for assets including securities (e.g. stocks and bonds), commodities (e.g. gold) and other non-financial assets (e.g. real estate). Tokenisation of assets has potential cross-cutting implications for financial market practices and participants, market infrastructure and regulators across a large range of financial instruments and asset classes.


The Czech Republic and Slovakia celebrated in 2013 the 1150th anniversary of the arrival of Saints Cyril and Methodius to the area of Great Moravia. This mission marked the formal beginning of Christianity in this part of Europe. Veligrad, known since the Middle Ages, was widely considered as a centre of missionary activity. The contemporary city of Velehrad is the heir of this rich past and related heritage. In the contemporary cultural landscape of Velehrad we can indicate different overlapping historical layers forming the unique character of the place: the times of the Great Moravian state, the location of the Cistercian monastery in the 13th century, the secularization of the property during the reign of Emperor Joseph I, the arrival of the Jesuits and their educational activity, the formation of national awareness and aspirations for self-determination in the mid-nineteenth century, connected with the birth of the pilgrimage tradition to Velehrad, the times of the communist regime and closure of the monastery, political changes after 1989 related with the return of the Jesuits, the visit of Pope John Paul II and the celebration of the year of Cyril and Methodius in 2013. All these events have left a material trace, as well as enriched the particular genius loci of this place. The 2013 celebration contributed towards turning Velehrad into a centre of dialogue between East and West. Modern exhibition spaces were created from renovated historic buildings. A key element was the creation of the European Cultural Route of Saints Cyril and Methodius and the connecting Velehrad with the network of pilgrimage routes to important spiritual centres of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and neighbouring countries (including Poland). The aim of these projects was to turn Velehrad into a place where both pilgrims and ordinary tourists will be able to enrich their experience and their knowledge, and thus be able to satisfy the need for self-realization.


Under the assumption, that the angle between the wave crest and thebreakwater is zero, the shoreline change behind the detached brakwater are studied. Theresults given by a finite difference method are very similar to the analytical ones byMagnus Larson.


Achievement of organisational strategic objectives is dependent on the development and management of both tangible and intangible assets, with an increasing need for the improved management of intangibles. Therefore with organisational strategic objectives driving project objectives and outcomes, it can also be expected that there will be an increasing reliance on projects to deliver a combination of tangible and intangible outcomes, including knowledge outcomes. With outcomes in turn expected to generate benefits. Expected project outcomes and benefits can be used to define project success criteria. However, the means by which stakeholders assess project success vary. So, project stakeholders can improve the likelihood of agreement about project success by collaborating to identify and define project outcomes, including intangible project outcomes such as knowledge. The method described in this paper provides project stakeholders with an efficient, effective, repeatable means of identifying and defining intangible project outcomes including knowledge, by applying a combination of project management, knowledge management and benefits management principles. The method has been developed as a result of doctoral research case studies that respond to the call for improved visualisation, measurement and management of intangibles within companies. Readers are encouraged to also respond to this call by applying and refining the method on their own projects.


A taphocenosis with internal fossil diatom molds were retrieved from the Upper Palaeocene-Lower Eocene sediments of Ølst and Albaekhoved (Denmark). Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyses show that barium, sulphur, oxygen and sometimes strontium are the major chemical elements composing these diatom molds. According to the elemental compositions, the minerals composing the molds are identified as barite (BaSO4) and celestobarite (Ba-SrSO4). The examination of the morphology and size of the (celesto-) barite crystals lead us to confirm their diagenetic origin. This work documents the first description of fossil diatoms composed of (celesto-) barite crystals.


Received: 11 September 2019 Revised: 11 August 2020 Accepted: 13 August 2020 Abstract: Integer tetration, the iterated exponentiation  for ∈ N − 0, 1 , is characterized by fascinating periodicity properties involving its rightmost figures, in any numeral system. Taking into account a radix-10 number system, in the book "La strana coda della serie n ^ n ^ ... ^ n" (2011), the author analyzed how many new stable digits are generated by every unitary increment of the hyperexponent , and he indicated this value as ( ) or "congruence speed" of ≢ 0(mod 10). A few conjectures about ( ) arose. If is sufficiently large, the congruence speed does not depend on , taking on a (strictly positive) unique value. We derive the formula that describes ( ) for every ending in 5. Moreover, we claim that ( ) = 1 for any (mod 25) ∈ 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23 and ( ) ≥ 2 otherwise. Finally, we show the size of the fundamental period for any of the remaining values of the congruence speed: if ( ) ≥ 2, then ( ( )) = 10 ( )!".


Over the past two decades, the field of civil engineering has witnessed a remarkable transformation with the integration of robotic technology in civil and infrastructures inspection. Robotic drone arms have emerged as a pivotal tool, offering unparalleled access to hard-to-reach areas and enabling comprehensive assessments of civil structures. This article presents a comprehensive review of the advancements, challenges, and applications of robotic drone arms for civil structure inspection over the last two decades. This article discusses the key developments in types of robotic drone arms, real-world applications, success stories, current challenges and future directions for civil and infrastructure inspection.


ABSTRACT Although the European Union is today largely understood as the guarantor of peace and prosperity on the continent, a continued but neglected aspect of discourses of European integration has been military integration. The idea of a European army appealed in particular to West-German military elites. European military integration, they understood in part as a pragmatic response to technological and geopolitical developments. But they also sought to conceive of a way to safeguard both the West-German state and the Christian Occident from Bolshevik invasion. The solution was a European soldier, who embodied a set of masculine, Christian values. Such an image was a result of experiences gathered on the Eastern Front during the Second World War, which continued to shape the West-German military elite's thinking about European integration into the late 1960s.


Customer clubs are assumed to create loyalty from the company perspective (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). However, they seem to have attained a position of their own in many companies, and to have an institution-like function (Butscher, 2002). Such a position supports the alienation between the customer club and other parts of the business. As a consequence, many club programs still offer their customers the same kinds of benefits as they did when the club was launched, even if the competitive situation has changed considerably and having a customer club has become almost a standard feature. The fact that many customers are members of several clubs, even in the same industry, is seen as a sign of diffuse customer perceptions of the loyalty concept. The changing competitive situation for most companies, in turn, means that the reasons for joining a club have changed considerably: we thus define the customer club as it was perceived by most customers in Gustafsson et al. (2004): "A membership related to the specific company including benefits that are mostly apparent in customers' relationships as repayment formed in different ways and initiated by the company". So, in this article we investigate the customer club concept and represent a model for it. Keywords : customer club, customer satisfaction


Consider a $N\times n$ random matrix $Y_n=(Y_{ij}^{n})$ where the entries are given by $$ Y_{ij}^{n}=\frac{\sigma_{ij}(n)}{\sqrt{n}} X_{ij}^{n}\ , $$ the $X_{ij}^{n}$ being centered, independent and identically distributed random variables with unit variance and $(\sigma_{ij}(n); 1\le i\le N, 1\le j\le n)$ being an array of numbers we shall refer to as a variance profile. We study in this article the fluctuations of the random variable $$ \log\det\left(Y_n Y_n^* + \rho I_N \right) $$ where $Y^*$ is the Hermitian adjoint of $Y$ and $\rho > 0$ is an additional parameter. We prove that when centered and properly rescaled, this random variable satisfies a Central Limit Theorem (CLT) and has a Gaussian limit whose parameters are identified. A complete description of the scaling parameter is given; in particular it is shown that an additional term appears in this parameter in the case where the 4$^\textrm{th}$ moment of the $X_{ij}$'s differs from the 4$^{\textrm{th}}$ moment of a Gaussian random variable. Such a CLT is of interest in the field of wireless communications.


Propolis is a resinous mixture collected from stingless bees and is reported to have various biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor and hepatoprotective. Location where bees were bread plays an important role in determining the types and quality of propolis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of locality on antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of propolis. Stingless bee Heterotrigona itama propolis was collected from Besut (HI-BST), Dungun (HI-DGN), Tanah Merah (HI-TM) and Gua Musang (HI-GM). The antioxidant activity of these propolis was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2, 2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS). Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of these propolis extracts were determined through 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium Bromide (MTT Assay) and Annexin V/PI double staining method using flow cytometer. HI-BST propolis sample has the highest antioxidant capacity with IC 50 value of 10 ± 2.623 ugmL -1 (DPPH free radical scavenging) and 30 ± 1.857 ugmL -1 (ABTS free radical scavenging) followed by HI-DGN and HI-GM. For cytotoxic and apoptotic evaluation, HI-BST has the highest cytotoxic, with IC 50 value of 14 ± 0.910 ugmL -1 compare to other propolis samples. In apoptosis assay, at concentration of 14 µgmL -1 (IC 50 ), there were 44.84% of cell undergoes early apoptosis while 38.81 % was a viable cell. Overall, data from this study shown that propolis collected form university's apiary (HI-BST) is the best quality propolis compare to other location. Propolis from this location has good potential to be developed as health-related product.


Impinging jets are used for heat and mass transfer in some industries. Previous impinging jet studies used thermocouples or liquid crystals to determine convection coefficients. These methods have inaccuracies that can be avoided with an infrared image temperature measurement. For this research, an infrared camera with a resolution of 0.025 degree(s)C was used to store images containing 52785 temperatures. The camera was checked for accuracy with a thermometer calibrated with a NIST standard. A facility for measuring surface heat transfer coefficients due to an impinging jet was developed. The infrared images obtained with the facility were used to identify impingement flow characteristics and to calculate local convection coefficients for in-line and radial jets. The results include photographs and convection coefficient graphs.


Single-phase grounding fault is one of the main forms of power system faults,and as the major case,intermittent arc grounding in distribution network is very dangerous to system. According to over-voltage fault waveform records of on-line monitoring system,fault types can be identified and be dealt with quickly and accurately. Comparing with resonant grounding method,which compensates fault current directly without distinguishing grounding faults' type when grounding fault occurs,the suppression measure in this paper is more accurate and it will enhance the level of safety of power system and electrical equipment further. We analyzed a lot of measured over-voltage waveforms of an isolated neutral system. There are many transient processes in intermittent faults,however,only one in metal grounding faults during the existence of faults,so a criterion which extracts characteristic quantity from singular signal of transmission line zero-sequence voltage's per unit value by COOCG arithmetic operators to identify intermittent arc grounding over-voltage in order to achieve the identification of single-phase grounding types is proposed. By processing a large number of simulation and measured waveforms,the identification results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective in various fault conditions.


Fragmentation of free liquids in Inertial Confinement Fusion reactors could determine the upper bound on reactor pulse rate because increased surface area will enhance the cooling and condensation of coolant ablated by the fusion x rays. Relaxation from the suddenly (neutron) heated state will move a liquid into the negative pressure region under the liquid-vapor P-V dome. The resulting expansion in a diverging geometry will hydrodynamically force the liquid to fragment, with vapor then forming from the new surfaces to fill the cavities. An energy minimization model is used to determine the fragment size that produces the least amount of non-fragment-center-of-mass energy; i.e., the sum of the surface and dilational kinetic energies. This model predicts fragmentation dependence on original system size and amount of isochoric heating as well as liquid density, Grueneisen parameter, surface tension, and sound speed. A two dimensional molecular dynamics code was developed to test the model at a microscopic scale for the Lennard-Jones fluid with its two adjustable constants chosen to represent lithium.


Possible experimental facilities appropriate to a university environment that could make meaningful contributions to the solution of problems in hypersonic aerodynamics are investigated. Needs for the National Aerospace Plane and interplanetary flights with atmospheric aerobraking are used to scope the problem. Relevant events of the past two decades in universities and at the national laboratories are examined for their implications regarding both problems and prospects. Most striking is the emergence of computational fluid dynamics, which is viewed here as an equal partner with laboratory experimentation and flight test in relating theory with reality. Also significant are major advances in instrumentation and data processing methods, especially optical techniques. The direction of the study was guided by the concept of a companion program, i.e., the university effort should complement a major area of endeavor at NASA-Langley. Through this, both faculty and student participants gain a natural and effective working relationship. Existing and proposed major hypersonic aerodynamic facilities in industry and at the national laboratories are examined by type; hypersonic wind tunnels, arc-heated tunnels, shock tubes and tunnels, and ballistic ranges. Of these, the free piston tunnel and shock tube/tunnel are most appropriate for a university.


Based on the concept of dataspace, this paper proposes a new Web data management method:Web dataspace. It introduces the characters of Web dataspace. This paper further summarizes research works on locating and understanding data sources, schema mapping, data model, query, evolution, lineage, mass collaboration, storage and index of dataspace. In the end, challenges and future work on Web dataspace research are analyzed.


Breastfeeding has taken center stage prompting doctors researchers and society as a whole to study and report on the benefits of breastfeeding for both the mother and the infant. In order to improve breastfeeding outcomes it is important to understand the relationship between labor pain medication and its effect on breastfeeding. This article examines the social and historical background of pharmacological pain relief in labor as well as current breastfeeding research that leads to evidence-based strategies for improving breastfeeding outcomes and integrating alternatives including doula care during labor. (excerpt)


A relationship was found between therapists' orientations, defenses, and demographics. Three significant canonical variates were derived. The first was a group of men with doctoral degrees using reaction formation and projective style with little doubt or regression and oriented against marathons, physical contact, and expressive techniques. The second featured regression, displacement, doubt, projective style, regressive style, and repression. This group favored the therapeutic importance of therapist's personality and psychoanalytic orientation while minimizing feeling secure as a therapist and the need for social adjustment. They had a relatively young, inexperienced, nondoctoral composition. The third variate emphasized rationalizing style and deemphasized doubt and projective style.


This paper presents a 3D transient numerical approach for thermal and strain/stress modeling of the multilayer laser solid freeform fabrication process, by which correlations between the main process parameters and their effects on the final build-up properties can be studied. This model can be used to optimize the process parameters to increase the controllability of the geometrical and metallurgical variations resulted from the thermal and stress fields. Using this modeling approach, the geometry of the material deposited as well as temperature and thermal stress distributions across the process domain can be predicted based on the process parameters such as powder feed rate, process speed and laser power, assuming the interaction between the laser beam and powder stream is decoupled. The main process parameters affected by a multilayer deposition due to the formation of non-planar surfaces such as powder catchment are also incorporated into the modeling approach. To verify the proposed method, fabrication of a four-layer thin wall of stainless steel AISI 304L on a low carbon steel substrate is modeled with the same process parameters throughout the build-up process. The results show that the temperature and stress slightly increase at the end-points of layers 2, 3, and 4 which cause over deposited materials and micro-crack formations at these regions. The results are then used to discuss optimum process parameters which can be used to have a buildup with better geometrical and physical qualities. The reliability and accuracy of the model are experimentally verified.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Type II hair cells make up the entire population of receptor cells in the vestibular sense organs of equilibrium in several classes of vertebrates (fishes, frogs, toads, newts, salamanders) and about half the population in mammals. They are cylindrical cells innervated at their base by the nerve endings of afferent and efferent nerve fibers. The physiology of these cells and their synapses has been investigated by intracellular recording techniques in lateral line organs where they are exclusively present (Flock et al., 1973a, b]. The hair cell has a relatively low membrane potential, it is in a constant state of excitation which gives rise to a resting discharge in the afferent nerve fibers. The measurements indicate that the state of excitation depends on a depolarizing electrical current following through the cell which is not due to the presence of a mechanical stimulus, for instance, gravitational pull. The hair cell transmits information to the innervating nerve fibers by releasing a neurochemical transmitter (Flock and Lam, 1974]. The release rate determines the firing frequency in the sensory fibers. Spontaneous release occurs in the absence of mechanical stimulation. The release, spontaneous as well as that evoked by stimulation, can be inhibited presynaptically by efferent nerve fibers which produce a hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential and a resistance decrease in the hair cell (Flock and Russell, 1973a, b].


The purpose of this research is to find empirical evidence about the effect of financial performance and capital structure on firm value and whether company size can moderate the influence of financial performance and capital structure on firm value. The sample in this research is the trading, service and investment companies which is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in period 2016-2018. The research sample are 33 companies using purposive sampling technique. The analysis methods of this research used multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to test the moderating variables. The results showed that financial performance and firm size had a positive effect on firm value. Capital structure has a negative effect on firm value. And the firm size can not moderate the financial performance and capital structure of the firm's value


The intent of this study is to investigate the effect of interface cues conveying source attributes on credibility of health messages sent via Twitter, a microblogging platform. Based on the MAIN model (Sundar, 2008), an online experiment (N = 63) was conducted to explore the impact of those cues on perceived credibility of content, content liking, behavior intention, perceived credibility of source and that of a distal source by utilizing a 2 (authority cue: a professional (high) vs. a layperson (low)) X 2 (bandwagon cue: large (high) vs. small number of followers (low)) X 2 (source proximity cue: a proximate source (retweet) vs. distal source (tweet)) mixed factorial design. A significant three-way interaction effect on perceived credibility of content was found, such that for tweets from a high authority source, higher bandwagon means greater perceived content credibility, whereas for low authority sources, higher bandwagon leads to lesser perceived credibility of health content. For retweets from a highauthority source, however, higher bandwagon leads to lesser perceived credibility of the content whereas for a low-authority source, higher bandwagon leads to higher perceived credibility of the content. The study results also show that content credibility was significantly associated with higher perceived expertise of proximal source for tweets, whereas for retweets, perceived trustworthiness of proximal source are significant predictors of content credibility. An indirect effect test shows that when a low-authority source retweets, the distal source becomes appears more authoritative in comparison, thus leading to higher content credibility. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations of this study, are discussed.


Virtual Reality (VR) and associated technologies are experiencing growing importance in medicine and surgery. VR demands fast and real time simulations. Finite element analysis can be used for cutting simulation; however, finite element analysis is computationally intensive and is unsuitable for real time applications involving cutting of a large amount of tissue. We have developed a fuzzy logic based system which involves significantly reduced computational times and provides real time simulations of cutting. The user-exerted forces on a simulated cutting tool held by the user are dynamically measured and fed to the fuzzy logic system. The user-exerted forces and the stiffness of the element are first fuzzified and fed to a fuzzy rule base to provide the output membership values. These output membership values are then defuzzified using the centroid defuzzification technique to provide a crisp output of the cutting depth. The technique has been implemented in real time. Experiments with human users have shown consistent results.


As to the features and needs of aircrafts multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO),development of MOdular Multidisciplinary Integrated Design Environment for Aircrafts (MOMIDEA) was researched through utilizing the good capability of process integration and opening architecture of ModelCenter framework.The hardware and software configuration of MOMIDEA was introduced.Moreover,parametric geometry models,subsystem analysis models and algorithms used in MDO were modularly integrated with various approaches including Filewrapper,Plug-in,VB script,Marco and so on.The practicability of MOMIDEA was validated through two application cases.Finally,the research direction in the future was proposed in order to enhance the function of MOMIDEA.


Purpose We present a new Label free quantitative imaging of small molecules in order to investigate their roles in ophthalmic disorders (toxicity, inflammation)


Final-state particles produced in high energy collisions may carry the information about the space-time evolution and the dynamics of the produced system. In such collisions, the phase transition occurs from a deconfined state of quarks and gluons to a phase of hadrons. During the course of hadronization, the surface at which the inelastic collisions among the particles cease is known as chemical freeze-out (CFO) and after this, the surface at which the elastic processes stop and the transverse momentum (pT) spectra of final state hadrons are fixed, is known as kinetic freeze-out (KFO). Therefore, analysing the identified particle production in high energy collisions at Relativistic Heavy-ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reveals the freeze-out information of the produced system. The information about the CFO can be obtained by analysing the hadron yields, whereas analysis of the pTspectra reveals the information about KFO.


The volcanic origin of the Canarian Archipelago widely determines the landscape of these islands. Partially near coastal areas the volcanic rocks are covered by dune fields. The eastern Canary Islands show the largest areas of sand deposits. On northern Fuerteventura sandpits and deep incised gully systems allow broader insight into generations of these archives. The dune material originates from the shallow shelf. Hence, the mineral composition is dominated by calcite and aragonite. The outcrops show the layering of several generations of biogenic carbonate sands which are separated by palaeosurfaces. These surfaces suggest soil-forming processes with their (often) reddish colour. Generally, the occurrence of several palaeosurfaces promises a high potential of those Quaternary dune archives on northern Fuerteventura. Former studies focussed on just few quarries being situated in close distances. Differing formation concepts and contradicting chronologies (Middle to Late Pleistocene versus Late Pleistocene) suggest the need for further investigation of landward palaeo dune sections, resulting in a German Research Foundation-funded project (FA 239/18-1) with regard to palaeo dune sequences within the catchments of two barrancos on northern Fuerteventura. Firstly, the project called for defining representative sections of the two catchments for the purpose of working out a correlation and deducing a standard profile; both should be based on stratigraphic findings. Luminescence dating shall contribute to finally establishing a chronostratigraphy. Besides the carbonate sands, the dune archives are influenced by the imprint of volcanic material (tephra, lapilli, and basaltic rock) and Saharan dust. Generally, the archives' composition and appearance raise several further questions. Are periods of surface formation dependent on reduced sand supply or on changes in climatic conditions? Which soil forming processes contribute to the characteristics of palaeosurface layers? What is the influence of Saharan dust? As dating of lava flows on northern Fuerteventura revealed Middle to Late Pleistocene ages, a further question refers to the relationship between dune formation and volcanic activity. Mainly deduced from findings in the field but also by use of grain size distribution, elemental composition, content of CaCO3, determination of Fed (pedogenic iron), measurements of rock magnetic parameters, analyses of gastropod associations, micromorphological analyses, determination of quartz content via automatic static image analysis with a Malvern Morphologi G3-ID, XRD analyses, and IRSL dating, this thesis provides a chronostratigraphy of palaeo dune archives of northern Fuerteventura deduced from a correlation of sections close to the western coast and sections close to the eastern coast. The derived standard profile shows


The monitoring of losses is crucial in any accelerator. In the new high intensity hadron facilities even low energy beam can damage or activate the materials so the detection of small losses in this region is very important. A new type of neutron beam loss monitor has been developed specifically targeting this region, where only neutrons and photons can be produced and where typical Beam Loss Monitors (BLM), based on charged particle detection, could not be appropriate because of the photon background due to the RF cavities. The BLM proposed is based on gaseous Micromegas detectors, designed to be sensitive to fast neutrons and with little sensitivity to photons. Development of the detectors presented here has been done to fulfil the requirements of ESS and they will be part of the ESS-BI systems. The detector has been presented in previous editions of the conference. Here we focus on the neutron/gamma rejection with the final FEE and in the first operation of one of the modules in a beam during the commissioning of LINAC4 (CERN) with the detection of provoked losses and their clear separation from RF gammas. The ESS-nBLM system is presented in this conference in a separate contribution.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how substance use practitioners intervene with ethnically and culturally diverse groups of young people in contact with the youth justice system.

Design/methodology/approach
Telephone, face-to-face interviews and a focus group were conducted. Data were analysed thematically using a frame-reflective theoretical approach.

Findings
Practitioners tended to offer individualised interventions to young people in place of culturally specific approaches partly due to a lack of knowledge, training or understanding of diverse cultural needs, and for practical and resource reasons.

Research limitations/implications
Practitioners reject the official narrative of BAME youth in the justice system as dangerous and in need of control, viewing them instead as vulnerable and in need of support, but report they lack experience, and sufficient resources, in delivering interventions to diverse groups.

Originality/value
There is little information regarding how practitioners respond to diversity in their daily practice. This paper is an exploration of how diversity is framed and responded to in the context of youth substance use and criminal justice.


Example discloses a near-eye display apparatus, the present invention comprises: a pixel display unit for displaying a plurality of sets of pixels in each frame of the image output by the scanning method, wherein each pixel comprises a plurality of sub-pixel units, each subpixel at least one pixel unit comprising; a plurality of half mirror, a half mirror correspond to each pixel of the display pixel in each group of display units, each comprising a plurality of half mirrors disposed within the coating at different reflection angles, each the plating units correspond to a plurality of sub-pixel group of pixels located a half mirror corresponding thereto; each half mirror to be activated when the need for a set of pixels corresponding reflector, and through which all include the reflective coating and each sub-pixel within each of the coating units correspond to a spherical center direction of the eye.


few years ago I overheard two clever young instructors talking about courses they were giving in genetics. One said, "I don't mention genes until the last part of the course." The other rather scornfully said, "I never mention genes at all." Around that time one of their elders was developing and publicizing a new course in general biology in which, as he boasted, organisms were not talked about until the second term, and then only as if they were the test tubes in which chemical reactions take place. When bright young biologists speak of genetics without genes and wise old biologists of life without organisms, it is evident that something peculiar is going on in the science of biology, so peculiar that "crisis" is not too strong a word. I would diagnose this as combining monomania and schizophrenia. These ailments are rarely fatal, but they are seriously disabling. Fortunately, for biology recovery can be predicted. In fact, I think that recovery is now under way. The cited instructors and professor, so anxious to be in the scientific avant-garde, are already out of date unless, like many of their colleagues, they now have changed their minds. What those teachers were reflecting and what led to the crisis was, of course, the splitting of biology into physical, chemical or molecular biology on one hand and organismal or evolutionary biology on the other. Even so, that would not have been more pathological than any other of the inevitable specializations in science if it had not somehow inspired a missionary fervor for molecular biology as real biology, the biology of the future, and so on, along with scorn in some quarters for organismal biology as passe and currently sterile. Those attitudes were intensified by recent successes in studies of nucleic acids a point that becomes


A decrease in the gate‐off current of the thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is one of the key issues when realizing high speed, high brightness, and low power consumption for liquid crystal or organic LED displays. To solve this problem, a new transistor called a
 tunneling dielectric thin‐film transistor
(TDTFT) has been proposed and designed. In this chapter, a bottom‐gate TDTFT, fabricated using a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate, and its electrical characteristics, are introduced, where a 1.7 nm thick SiN
 x
film for the tunneling dielectric film was deposited at 750 °C by LPCVD. The conduction mechanism of electrons flowing in the channel of the TDTFT was examined at high temperatures from 293 to 623 K and low temperatures from 20 to 150 K. It was found that direct tunneling via the SiN
 x
film dominates the channel conduction of the TDTFT not only at the low temperatures but also at high temperatures up to 353 K. It was also clarified that the TDTFT improved the hump phenomenon and the short‐channel effect.


The report starts with the basics of how charge di usion takes place through organic solids, giving a brief overview about behavior of intercalating ions in a thin lm, trap states and its equivalent RC circuits. With this background, the next sections talk about two applications of organic semiconductors. The major application beingsolar cells. Sections 4 and 5 deal with solar cells, conventional model, need for a di erent model for organic solar cells and describes the new models which can be used to simulate organic solar cells in DC and AC simulations respectively. Extraction of physical parameters of a solar cell from its I-V curve by two di erent methods is discussed in sections 6 along with the discussions about accuracy of the two methods. Section 7 and 8 deal with basic theory of Electrolyte Polymer Interface (EPI) and its equivalent circuit. Based on this knowledge, the last section deals with modelling of human nerves with an equivalent circuit and nding equivalent circuit in particular for the retinal neurons involved in retinal electrography. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, Chennai. Phone : 09962266524; email : email@example.com Head of Molecular Electronics Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scienti c Research, Bengaluru. email : firstname.lastname@example.com


Introduction:Low back pain is a very common complaint of patients visiting both general practitioners and specialists.The etiology is multifactorial,with one of the demonstrated causes being occupational lumbar spine overload.Therefore,a decision was made to establish criteria for recognition of the disease as occupational so that it may be included in the regularly revised Czech list of occupational diseases.In 2012–2015,a project was completed to provide recommendations for assessment of chronic low back due to overload and its recognition as an occupational disease.Presented is information about both general and clinical criteria for recognition of the occupational nature of a disease and their practical application. Methods:The sample comprised 55 participants (30 females, 25 males) with a mean age of 44.9 years (SD 6.4; median 46) and a mean exposure to potentially high-risk work tasks of 15.6 years (SD 9.5; median 26). Included in the study were individuals with chronic low back pain lasting for at least one year, with or without nerve root syndrome and three or more years of performing potentially high-risk work tasks. In this sample, the proposed clinical criteria were applied. Results:The clinical criteria, that is, moderate severity confirmed by both neurological and radiological findings, were met by 16 of the 55 individuals.Those were 2 forest workers, 4 production operators, 2 nurses (geriatric and orthopedic departments), 2 warehouse operators, a bricklayer, cabinetmaker,spinning machine operator,auto mechanic,post office worker handling packages and workers making and installing billboards.Conclusion:The results suggest that the criteria for recognition of lumber spine overload as an occupational disease have been adequately set so that in justifiable cases, the condition may be recognized as occupational.At the same time,owever,misuse is prevented and conditions highly prevalent in the general population cannot be identified as occupational diseases.


The novel elastic rod with embedded functional material-SMA wire is presented. The for-mulation describing rod's deformation is founded by solving the equilibrium equations for both the rodand SMA wires. The developed compound rod is 8mm in diameter, 40mm in length and 8g in weight. The maximum bending curvature of rod can reach 14.8m-1. Furthermore, a sectional robot hand using several rods with embedded SMA wires is constructed. The grasping experiment results are also dis-cussed. Operation experiments proof that the new type of ESMAA with a lower technologic complexity,a longer operating life and a higher reliability, results in a compact and flexible robotics system.


Occurrence of cordierite bearing metapelites of Khondalitic suite of rocks is reported from Nartamalai area, Pudukkottai district for the first time. The cordierite bearing gneiss occurs in close association with chamockite and pyroxene granulite in the vicinity of the Nartamalai granites. The mineral assemblages seen in the metapelites are cordierite-almandine-sillimanite-plagioclase-K-feldspar- biotite and quartz. Zircon, magnetite and spinel are the accessory minerals. The texture of the metapelites is generally gneissose except in the eastern part of the area where it simulates a hornfels. The Nartarnalai cordierite contains 59% Mg-cordierite and 41 % Fe-cordierite. The Fe +2 /Fe +2 +Mg ratio of the Nartamalai cordierite is 0.414 which is strikingly higher than that of the cordierites of regional metamorphism and it is comparable with the Fe 2 /Fe +2 +Mg ratios of the cordieritcs described from hornfels assemblage. The coexisting garnet is an almandine-pyrope with very minor andradite and spessartitc, which is comparable with the garnets of regional metamorphic assemblage. The tie-line joining the composition of the coexisting cordierite and garnet indicates a regional metamorphic environment. An overprint of thermal metamorphism, attributable to the intrusion of Nartamalai granites, on the pre-existing regional metamorphic fabric is suggested.


Spatial imaging is nowadays realized using a number of principles and technologies. Application of stereography in combination with the diffractive structures is thus only one of many possible solutions. We introduce two methods of synthetic stereography using diffractive structures. The two-step method of holographic stereography records a 2D matrix of primary holograms in its first step, using an original recording device. This multiplexed master is then reconstructed in a typical holographic scheme and a full-color rainbow hologram can be recorded in the second step. The second presented method, the method of direct writing, records the diffractive structure of a full-color synthetic stereogram in a single step, using an optical lithograph. The recorded structure is composed of elementary diffraction gratings and is completely calculated using a computer. Benefits and specific problems of both methods are discussed.


There are many potential advantages in the biomedical applications of microwave imaging. Just like many other inverse problems, microwave imaging usually confronts two problems: 1)Does the inverse problem always have unique solution? 2)Do small perturbations of the forcing function always result in small perturbations of the solution? These problems are usually called pesudoinversion and ill posedness. They are handicaps to obtain precise solution. This paper introduced the theory of the microwave imaging, discussed the concept of pseudoinversion and ill posedness, Specifically, presented some methods such as regularizing scheme, which can be used to resolve pseudoinvere and ill posed problems. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were discussed.


To meet the experimental requirements, modern physics experiments need to monitor a large number of indicators and give timely control commands. Considering the characteristics of large-scale physical experiments, including long-distance, various equipment, and massive data, a distributed detector control system (DCS) was developed. It implements communication with nonstandard hardware, data acquisition, alarm management, and data archiving functions. A set of experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) input–output controllers (IOC) is used to communicate with the hardware. Because the electronics use IPbus as a communication protocol, driver support is developed. The DCS implementation includes user interfaces, an alarm system, a data archiving system, and web services, among other things. At present, this DCS has been used by the experiment of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to monitor the system status in electronics tests. It provides the necessary reference for the technical route of large-scale monitoring.


Triggs, a senior lecturer in law at the University of Melbourne, contributes an excellent essay on whether recognizing peoples' rights jeopardizes traditional individual rights, an argument, she suggests, that misunderstands the interdependent relationship between group and individual rights. Prott explores the nascent idea of cultural rights from a lawyer's point of view, highlighting some of the conflicts between claims to cultural rights and, for example, the right to development. Prott argues that much more analysis must be done before cultural policy can be transformed into enforceable international law. At the same time, she attacks the complacency of Western international lawyers and the lack of serious effort to address issues of cultural protection. Finally, Roland Rich, a diplomat in the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, argues for the recognition of the right to development, while acknowledging that it is not now a part of positive international law. Rich's chapter is cogent and well researched, even if others writing in the same volume disagree with his conclusions.


Experimental investigations indicate that localized forms of staphylococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and associated (Pseudomonas aeruginosa-staphylococcal) infection inhibit the lysozyme activity, cause disorders in the metabolism of P-450 cytochrome, free-radical and iron-containing liver proteins.