Debugging Cyber-Physical System models is often challenging, as it requires identifying a potentially long, complex and heterogenous combination of events that resulted in a violation of the expected behavior of the system. In this paper we present CPSDebug, a tool for supporting designers in the debugging of failures in MATLAB Simulink/Stateflow models. CPSDebug implements a gray-box approach that combines testing, specification mining, and failure analysis to identify the causes of failures and explain their propagation in time and space. The evaluation of the tool, based on multiple usage scenarios and faults and direct feedback from engineers, shows that CPSDebug can effectively aid engineers during debugging tasks.


1. Introduction 1. Introduction We used a new method, see [1], for grazing incidence nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation to determine the self-diffusion coefficient of Fe in FePt thin films with high accuracy.


In recent years, driven by worldwide growing environmental awareness the research in power electronics was focusing on the development of highly efficient but mostly bulky converter systems e.g. for interfacing renewable energy to the grid. The GOOGLE Little Box Challenge was impulse to give the power density again more attention by motivating engineers worldwide to design a single-phase solar inverter system at the cutting edge of what is technically possible. In this paper a comparative evaluation of inverter concepts considered by a team of ETH Zurich, FH-IZM and Fraza company for the GOOGLE Little Box Challenge is given. Based on the lessons learned from the participation in the competition, for the considered inverter concepts the achievable efficiency, power density and the optimal modulation scheme are identified with a multi-objective ηρ-Pareto optimization. This provides a sound basis for the redesign of the existing system pushing the forefront of power density even further.


The land as a private property appeared in Korea as a new general problem after the Gabo-Reform(1894/95). It was the Japanese Colonial Regime, who could exercise the political power since 1908 efficiently to control urbanization on the basis of this new principle. The process of urbanization 1895-1917 in Kwangju was a representative case of it, and shows, how the prototype elements of Japanese urban planning system at that time-the 'Urban Management' tools before the enactment of 'Town Planning Act 1919' in Japan-were applied in colonial Korea. The premodern sturucture of the walled city Kwangju was then "improved" into a modern urban structure with colonial characteristics.


The low creativity of students is due to the need for more guidance provided by teachers and counselors, so to overcome these problems, guidance service tools are needed to maximize the development of children's creativity. This study aims to produce a classical guidance service toolkit to increase the creativity of junior high school students. This research belongs to the development research developed using the 4-D development model. The 4-D development model comprises the define, design, development, and dissemination stages. The subjects involved in this study were three lecturers as experts and two guidance and counseling teachers as practitioners. Collecting data in the study was carried out using observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The instrument used is in the form of a student creativity questionnaire. The data obtained in the study were then analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques through the normality test, homogeneity test, and t-test. The results of data analysis in the study showed that the t-test score was 2.710, and sig. (2-tailed) was 0.009 <0.05, meaning H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted. Based on these results, the classical guidance service tool effectively increases the creativity of junior high school students.


New York City has begun the coordinated development of a network of information systems which will assist all agencies of the City government in exchanging information needed for routine operations, planning and analysis. The approach used here places operational requirements in the paramount position. That is, the methods by which agencies can receive, use and transmit data vary widely and depend largely on the services each agency is required to provide. Thus, the concept frequently proposed, of a massive, centralized urban data bank was found to be inadequate. Instead, New York is developing a series of systems using various methods for data handling as determined by the requirements on each system. The heart of this network is a system which stores and transmits current information on the data elements which are used by agencies throughout the City government. These are elements relating to the basic geographic environment of the city; the land, streets, buildings and location of public facilities.


Time-dependent wave packet. calculation for the D + HCN reaction is carried out of employing potential. energy surface with the semirigid vibrating rotor target(SVRT) model. We calculated the total reaction probabilities, from the initial groundrotational-vibrational state for various values of total angular momentum J. The rate constants are obtained by using Uniform I-shifting approach. The results show that the SVRT model is a valid and reasonable model for the quantum dynamics calculations of polyatomic molecule systems. The reaction cross sections and rate constants are compared with the previous results for the isotopic reaction H+HCN on the same potential energy surface.


Three-dimensional (3D) printing, especially using fused deposition modeling, is becoming more and more popular in the medical sector because of its exceptional advantages. While it has been used for prototyping, 3D printing has not yet been completely explored to produce a functional product. The key causes are the abundance of 3D printing materials and the lack of a comprehensive study outlining the design process. Consequently, this paper describes a reverse engineering (RE) design approach based on data acquisition utilizing laser scanning and splint design from the acquired point cloud data. This study also focuses on the evaluation of various wrist orthosis/splint designs and materials using finite element (FE) analysis in order to improve upon the conventional approach. Sixty FE analysis simulations are undertaken in flexion–extension and radial–ulnar wrist movements to investigate the displacements and the stresses. The splint is then fabricated utilizing the material and thickness that have been specified by FE analysis. The major goals of this study are to examine the RE design methodology, explore various materials, and assess the viability of 3D printing. The polylactic acid (PLA) hand splint has proven to be the sturdiest in terms of average displacements when compared to the other materials, followed by polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene, and thermoplastic polyurethanes. According to simulation data, the PLA splint has 38.6%, 38.8%, 38.5%, and 38.7% less displacement in the major loading direction in flexion, extension, radial, and ulnar, respectively, than the ABS splint. Moreover, the PLA-based hand splint has a peak stress value below the yield strength of PLA, rendering it reliable for patients to wear. Also, it turns out that PETG and ABS behave rather similarly. Furthermore, it has been shown that a balanced approach can reduce material use and building time. For instance, employing PLA and a thickness of 2 mm results in reduced material costs without compromising the effectiveness of the splint. As a result, choosing the right material and splint thickness can help the 3D-printed hand splint perform better.


This paper describes an analytical methodology to calculate every high-speed transceiver pins propagation time in high-density FPGA packages efficiently. This technique split the transceiver channels in the sophisticated multi-layer package design structure into horizontal and vertical transmission paths with 3-D full-wave electromagnetic modeling to provide accurate parametric solutions. Full package timing delay information is constantly demanded by end customers for board skew compensation and system timing analysis. Hence, the primary objective is to propose a simple approach to reduce the turn-around time by 3 to 5x while achieving high accuracy of the package transceivers propagation delay. The proposed methodology is able to achieve high accuracy with less than 1 picoseconds (ps) difference comparing to a complete bump-to-ball 3-D full-wave simulation model extraction. The accuracy of the proposed technique is well proven in this paper with real bare substrate measurement using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique. The measurement results show less than 5ps difference only. Hence, the methodology discussed in this paper is highly efficient in terms engineering cost, time and quality as it is applicable to various die-package combinations in a highly competitive FPGA market to meet different customer requirements.


The deltoid linkage is a type of four bar linkage mechanism in which the length of adjacent links are equal. At such condition when one of the shorter link is fixed, then crank-crank or double crank mechanism is obtained. It means one shorter and one longer link acts as crank and other longer link as coupler between them. Thus, when longer link is rotated once, shorter link completes two rotation and when shorter link is rotated twice, longer link completes only one rotation.The main purpose of this research is to analyze the motion of deltoid mechanism and determine what type of motion does it transmits. As no research has been done before on such mechanism this analysis is carried out manually, i.e. by observing and drawing the angle of rotation of both the cranks with respect to each other. The model of deltoid mechanism is drawn by using CATIA V5R19.


The movement in favor of lifelong education has grown rapidly in the last 5 years and has provided the impetus for changing our philosophy and ideas concerning the critical needs and requirements for education and training for all age groups, including the elderly. Numerous authors, having questioned the notions of universal decline in various cognitive and intellectual abilities as a function of age, have begun to seek new approaches to studying the learning and memory performance of elderly groups and to place more emphasis on solving real‐life, applied problems. Although there is this current emphasis on and critical need for extracting practical principles and teaching methods for use in the newly designed and future education and training programs for the elderly, it does not appear to be possible to generalize from the existing literature. Virtually all of the research in learning and memory has concentrated on analog tasks with unconnected words, digits, and letters, which may not be generalizable ...


Dendritic cell receptors represent attractive targets for vaccination. In this work a conventional transgenic mouse model for human DC-SIGN, called hSIGN mouse, was used to test the potential of DC-SIGN-targeted vaccines in vivo. Antigen specific T-cell responses were analyzed by flow cytometry and antigen specific antibody as well as cytokine responses were measured by ELISA. Dependent on distinct DC-SIGN ligands we observed enhanced or decreased antigen specific T-cell responses. Consequently, DC-SIGN ligands might improve both immunity and tolerance. Furthermore, a BAC transgenic mouse for human TLR9, called HUT9 mouse, was generated and characterized on protein and DNA level. This mouse model will provide new information for the employment of TLR9 ligands in human immunotherapy.


As one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world, coffee is being increasingly examined in epidemiological studies. Recent studies have focused on coffee and its potential impact on the development of prostate cancer, where a material association could have a significant impact in public health. To examine the coffee‐prostate cancer association, we analyzed prospective data from the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort that enrolled 50‐69 year old male smokers in southwest Finland between 1985 and 1988, and currently has nearly 30 years of follow‐up. Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline using a validated modified food frequency questionnaire. Participants contributed person‐time from the date of study randomization until a prostate cancer diagnosis, death (any cause), or the end of the follow‐up (December 31, 2012), and relative risk was examined with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Non‐coffee drinkers showed lower risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58‐1.15) when compared to men who drank 0 ‐1 cups per day. Furthermore, consuming 4+ cups of coffee per day was associated with increased prostate cancer risk, where the HR was 1.16 (95% CI = 0.98‐1.36, p‐value for trend = 0.05). If confirmed, our findings may have implications regarding approaches to lowering prostate cancer risk.


We consider a particular Branching Random Walk in Random Environment (BRWRE) on $\sN_0$ started with one particle at the origin. Particles reproduce according to an offspring distribution (which depends on the location) and move either one step to the right (with a probability in $(0,1]$ which also depends on the location) or stay in the same place. We give criteria for local and global survival and show that global survival is equivalent to exponential growth of the moments. Further, on the event of survival the number of particles grows almost surely exponentially fast with the same growth rate as the moments.


This paper addresses the development of a new real-time simulation platform based on MATLAB real-time workshop (RTW) and real-time extension (RTX) of the Windows operating system. A execution time estimation algorithm is proposed to predict the time cost of a single simulation task built by MATLAB/SIMULINK, which can be transformed into any program language for other simulation platforms or machines through MATLAB RTW. The simulation tasks generated by MATLAB RTW can be inserted into one simulation thread on a personal computer (PC) that is developed based on RTX software of the Windows system in order that the multitasking simulation is obtained. Therefore, the performance of realtime simulation thread on PC is improved through the new simulation mechanism which can insert several simulation tasks into one simulation thread.


With effect from December 1997, BS 3923 part 1 was officially withdrawn and replaced by BS EN 1714 :1988, 'Ultrasonic examination of welded joints' which was distributed for use on the same date. This article highlights the essential differences between these standards and gives some guidance on the use of BS EN 1714.


This paper analyzes the problems of output fluctuations and output congestions caused by a large number of new energy generation units connected to the grid. Under the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", this paper proposes to use capacity trading right as one of the trading targets in the electricity market, so as to provide incentives for power producers to actively participate in the suppression of output fluctuations and the elimination of transmission congestions on the basis of the full use of new energy generation capacity, thereby effectively controlling the cost of electricity purchase for the whole society and reducing carbon emissions. When transmission congestions are caused by new energy output fluctuations, market-based measures, rather than administrative intervention, are used to make spontaneous adjustments. The purchaser of capacity trading rights increases revenue by increasing the total amount of electricity sold, and the seller reduces losses due to congestions by lowering the cost of generation, achieving best overall power generation efficiency and multi-win social benefits. The calculation example shows that the auxiliary transaction mechanism proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.


This study has been done to determine the compliance level of primary school administrators' to ethical principles in evaluating the teachers' performances. In this study, whether the views of administrators and teachers' about this subject differ in the extent of honesty, democracy, responsibility, and justice according to the duty and on the same extent, whether only the teachers' views differ according to the variables of sex, occupational seniority, educational background, and whether to take in service training about ethic and branch are tried to be introduced. This study is a browsing model. A total of 74 school administrators, 41 of them from Sakarya City and 33 of them from Kastamonu City, and a total of 457 teachers, 216 of them from Sakarya City and 241 of them from Kastamonu, have attended to this study. In this study, these results are found. The views of teachers and school administrators about the compliance level of primary school administrators to ethical principles in evaluating the teachers' performances differ according to the duty in the extent of honesty, tolerance, democracy, responsibility, and justice. The views of the teachers differ in the extent of tolerance, democracy and responsibility according to the conditions of taking in service training about ethic, democracy according to the sex, responsibility according to the occupational seniority and honesty according to the branches. According to the variable of educational background of the teachers, there aren't any differentiations among the views of teachers and school administrators about the compliance level of primary school administrators to ethical principles in evaluating the teachers' performances


rather than one of method. The polls held so far enable us to make confidently a good many generalizations about the structure of voting behaviour. At future elections further surveys will be needed to show if the electorate is changing its ways. If it is, the new surveys may be very interesting; if it is not, they will be very dull, although they will be useful. However dreary the campaign it describes, the next Nuffield volume will be interesting; however interesting the campaign, the next election's voting surveys may be dreary. 'What I tell you three times is true', but the Bellman was a bore. The pollster may become one also. Perhaps he can escape this fate by combining sociology with psychology. The issues raised by Mr. H. J. Eysenck in The Psychology of Politics deserve far more attention than they have had. But it is doubtful if political scientists are the righl people to give that attention and elections the right time for giving it. Alternatively the poltster can turn to the formation of attitudes and opinions between elections. The suddenness and brevity of most British general-election campaigns may prevent us from making election studies of the American type more elaborate than the Greenwich survey, but American-style opinion studies could be made between elections. In conjunction with studies of the local activities of parties and other political and semi-political bodies they could add greatly to our knowledge of politics and help us to put elections into their proper place as stages in a political process that is continual and not intermittent.


Bumb and Hoede have shown that a cooperative game can be split into two games, {\it the reward game} and {\it the fine game}, by considering the sign of quantities $c_S^v$ in the c-diagram of the game. One can then define a solution $x$ for the original game as $x=x_{r}-x_{f}$, where $x_{r}$ is a solution for the reward game and $x_{f}$ is a solution for the fine game. Due to the distinction of cooperation rewards and fines, for allocating the fines one may use another solution concept than for the rewards.


ce-chaperonhi GioES und AI/R GroEL has a double ring structure, and GroES hinds Lo the end faccs of GroEL. It is widely believed that C}roES cannot siniultaneously bind to both ends of Gi'oEL ring during the chnperonin reaction cycle. However, this aitemate GroES binding has not dircctly been evidenced. Tb el-cidate this negatively ceeperativc binding action directly using a high-speed utomic force micrescopc (high-speed AFM), we first prepured a sample system in which GTeEL was lying on jts side on a substrztllm. Because GroEL attaches onto miea in an end-up orjentatlon, an appropriate substraLe was needed, Far this purpose, we perfOrmed t-,o-dimcnsiunal crystallizatien of streptavidin on


The present invention, from an olefin or α, β- unsaturated aldehyde provides palladium reproduction processing of the metal-containing supported catalyst method used in the preparation of α, β- unsaturated carboxylic acid. In the present invention, the olefin or α, β- unsaturated aldehydes by oxidation in a liquid phase the molecular oxygen by the α, β- unsaturated palladium in the reproduction processing method of the metal-containing supported catalyst used to prepare the carboxylic acid, a palladium-containing metal after use by firing process a supported catalyst, to a temperature of 150 ~ 700 ℃ in the presence of molecular oxygen, with a reduction process for reducing treatment to the firing process, and palladium oxide, thus obtained is fired the action to at least a portion of the palladium as palladium oxide It reproduces the palladium-containing metal-supported catalyst according to the method.


In contemporary context of cultural diversification and globalization,there are significant changes in artistic viewpoint,morality,and aesthetics,which bring a lot of new reflections upon several problems upon how to evaluate the merit of drama art,how to understand the relationship between drama and contemporary life,how traditional drama transforms smoothly to a modern form,and how drama advances itself. Viewed from aspects of historical fortune,identification of tradition,market-oriented evolvement and its diversification,the present article discusses upon several problems confronting contemporary Chinese drama.


Disclosed are a novel polymerizable fluorine-containing compound having a highly fluorinated norbornane structure and a polymer obtained from such a compound. Also disclosed are their production methods and a novel intermediate useful for the productions. Specifically disclosed are a novel compound (1) such as a compound (11) and a compound (12), and a polymer of the compound (1). Also specifically disclosed are a compound (2) such as compounds (21) and (22) as well as a compound (3) such as compounds (31) and (32), which are useful as a production intermediate for the compound (1), and their production methods. In this connection, Z-Z respectively represent -CH-(-OC(O)C(CH3)=CH2)-, -CF2- or the like; W and W respectively represent F or the like; Y-Y respectively represent -CH(-OH)-, -CF(-CH2OH) or the like; and X-Xrespectively represent -C(O)-, -CF2- or the like.


This letter proposes a change detection algorithm for damage assessment caused by fires in Ireland using Sentinel 1 data. The novelty, in this letter, is a feature extraction within tunable  $Q$  discrete wavelet transform (TQWT) using higher order log cumulants of fractional Fourier transform (FrFT), which were fed into a stacked autoencoder (SAE) to distinguish changed and unchanged areas. The extracted features were used to train the SAE layerwise using an unsupervised learning algorithm. After training the decoding layer was replaced by a logistic regression layer to perform supervised fine-tuning and classification. The proposed algorithm was compared with the algorithm that used log cumulants of FrFT within the oriented dual-tree wavelet transform using support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The experimental results showed that the proposed combination of algorithms decreased the overall error (OE) for real synthetic aperture radar images by 6%, when TQWT was used instead of oriented dual-tree wavelet transform and OE was decreased by another 5% when SAE was used instead of the SVM classifier.


OBJECTIVE To analyse the epidemic character, clinical feature and laboratorial result of meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumonia (Sp). METHODS Acute encephalitis and meningitis were actively monitored by the perspective observational study from May in 2008 to May in 2012. There were one children's hospital, three provincial general hospitals and two rural general county hospitals in five counties, districts involved of the active surveillance system randomly. Bacterial culture and RT-PCR were used to detect the agent by blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS There were 27 cases with Sp. The median age was 6.01 ( range, 3 months-43 years). The annual average incidence rate of children ﹤ 15 years was 1.36 / lakh in Shijiazhuang. The incidence rate of Sp among children ≥5 years and﹤10 years was highest, the rate of 2.82 / lakh in Shijiazhuang. These cases were mainly from village and without vaccination. The disease occurred all the year round , with an increased incidence in summer. There was linear positive correlation between the amount of clinical feature and the time interval from the illness onset to admission (rs = 0.717, P = 0.000). The clinical symptoms and the result of laboratory were nonspecific respectively. CONCLUSION Incidence of Sp meningitis is higher than that of haemophilus influenza type b meningitis and meningococal meningitis. Most of patients with Sp meningitis are children.


Improving Health Outcomes: Blood Pressure (IHO: BP) was a Quality Improvement (QI) pilot program developed by the American Medical Association (AMA) and Johns Hopkins Medicine aimed at helping physicians and their care teams better manage patients with uncontrolled hypertension. The pilot study was conducted at 10 ambulatory practice sites between October 2013 and November 2014 in which the initiative was to devise a framework and intervention strategies for improving hypertension control. The program included evidence-based tools and materials to support the M easure Accurately, A ct Rapidly, and P artner with Patients (M.A.P.) framework, interactive components with coaching support and peer-to-peer learning opportunities, and a measurement system supported by health technology, all intended to aid blood pressure management. This paper captures the learnings from the engagement, experiences, and satisfaction of care teams from the IHO: BP pilot that were used to adjust, reassess, and refine components of the QI program. Overall, participation in the IHO: BP pilot was associated with an increase in BP control rates from a mean of 69% to 75% ( p < .05) for 3 of the 10 practices. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was reduced in 8 of 10 practices by a mean of 12.5 mmHg/6.5 mmHg ( p < .05). Furthermore, evaluation of participant experiences indicated that 75% of the respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the initiative. The results from this study include components of the pilot that participants indicated were most helpful and were used to generate useful information for hypertension QI efforts that were later scaled and spread to subsequent initiatives.


Geodiversity has recently emerged as a key idea for recognizing the value of abiotic nature. The concept has vital implications for informing tourism sustainability research; however, to date, tourism scholarship has not shown adequate engagement with this concept. The issue also assumes further significance in the Anthropocene, where our species has become a geological force. Here, through a review of key works related to geodiversity and Anthropocene, their interface is analyzed, and implications for tourism sustainability are presented. It is argued that, in the Anthropocene, it is no longer enough for tourism sustainability research to remain preoccupied with the human predicament in the Anthropocene or the decline of biotic nature at some prominent tourism destinations, and it is imperative that tourism scholars embrace the concern for abiotic diversity and dynamic earth processes that provide vital resources and services for tourism planetwide.


ABSTRACT Public transport (PT) disruption can occur due to various factors such as malfunctions and breakdowns of vehicles, power outages, and personnel strikes. This paper explores the network-wide impacts of PT strikes (train, tram, and bus strikes) on traffic congestion in Melbourne, Australia using a network modeling approach. A primary survey aimed to investigate the mode shift of users when each public transport mode ceases was conducted with 648 public transport users in May 2016. Findings show that train withdrawal was expected to result in 43% of users shifting to car. Smaller yet significant shifts to car was also expected with bus withdrawal (34%) and tram withdrawal (17%). Based on the survey results and the use of a four-step transport model, train withdrawal was expected to increase the number of severely congested road links by 130% and reduce the average travel speed from 48 km/h to 39 km/h (20% decrease). Bus and tram withdrawal was also found to increase congestion although the result was less severe. Future research should investigate the switching behavior in actual withdrawal events and explore the long-term effects of public transport withdrawal.


In the present work the results of electrolytic-plasma treatment influence on the mechanical properties and structural-phase condition of steel's 12Cr18Ni10Ti surface layers. In the work, the mechanical characteristics of steel's surface layers are investigated, cemented in electrolytic plasma with the composition of 10 % Nа2CO3 and 10 % С3Н8О3. The operational parameters for the processing are determined. The optimal content of components in saturating mixtures of plasma by cementation is defined. According to the study it is found that, after electrolyte plasma processing, high wear resistance and hardness increased in 2-2.5 times more than in the original condition. The hardened layer with thickness 30-65 µm is formed. It is shown that after the electrolyte-plasma processing of steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti, microstructure contains particles of carbides and has a fine-grained martensitic structure.


The leaching of a high alkaline zinc oxide ore was studied in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution.The influence of technical parameters including ammonia concentration,the ratio of liquid to solid,reaction time and temperature on leaching rate was studied and the relevant leaching process was analyzed.The optimum condition was found to be: the molar concentration ratio of ammonia to ammonium chloride is 1:1,the ammonia concentration is 5mol/L,the ratio of liquid to solid is 3:1,the leaching time is 2h and the leaching temperature is 40℃.The leaching ratio of zinc is 89.3% under that condition.


A finite element model for a frame structure of three floors adding two storeys on top of it is set up by using ANSYS.By analyzing and comparing the two cases of adding steel stories with and without braces under the conditions of multiple or rare earthquakes,it is shown that the buckling restraining braces can enhance the structure's aseismic capacity,the maximum reducing ratio of storey-to-storey shift angle is as high as 47.8%.It can raise the rational damping ratio of the hybrid structure and control its vibration and accurately reflect the seismic response of the structure.It is a practical and precise calculating method.


At the 2000 Tottori-Seibu earthquake, a strong seismic intensity area was appeared in Sakaiminato City, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Explorations using surface-wave and microtremor were carried out in the same area to investigate a cause of the appearance of strong seismic intensity. We observed the surface-wave at 2 lines (A-Line and B-Line), about 1km length. The 2 lines were crossed the strong seismic intensity zone. For surface-wave observation, McSEIS-SXW, CDP switch box and 24 geophones, natural frequency 4.5Hz, were used. We hit a ground surface and recorded surface-waves by 24 geophone. Geophones were set at 2m interval and sampling frequency was 1000Hz for records. S-wave velocity structure cross-sections of 2 lines were obtained by CMP analysis and 2D inversion. Array microtremor observations were carried out at the same lines of surface-wave observation. For the array microtremor observations, 5 seismometers, GPL-6A3P, were used. We observed 2-site microtremors at 4 sections, 3, 10, 30, 60m interval, using 5 seismometers and repeated the same observation at the 18 sections. 1D S-wave velocity structures were obtained by analysis using 2-site SPAC method. The 2D S-wave velocity structures to the depth of 15m were as follows. A-Line is a gradual increase from surface layer Vs=150m/s to bottom layer Vs=200m/s. B-Line is 2-patern structures. A surface layer is low velocity, about 120m/s, at North area and high velocity, about 170m/s, at South area. The strong seismic intensity zone consists in the low velocity area.


longer confined to motor vehi cles, light signals, movement of vehicles, people, and goods; but extends to the realm of morality (as in immoral traffic), or even to human rights (traffic in hu man beings). Similarly, the word 'security' has let itself loose of the bondage of state, and extended its cover to a wide spectrum of activities, actors, situations, and vulnerabilities. Earlier, the ex pression was used as security of state in terms of danger to its sov ereignty. Now a failed or a rogue state can be a threat not only to its people, but also to others around it, as it becomes an ac tive or a passive player in the in ternational political arena. Not only do words make si lent inroads into other domains, their power also lies in the mean ing invested therein. What was simply a security against exter nal aggression, or security against crime has come to be ex panded to other areas due to dis courses on human development, rights, environment, sustainable growth, etc. Thus the focus of the volume by the country's well known sociologist T.K. Oommen, now holding a Chair in Non-Traditional Security with the Delhi Policy Group, is to ex plain new paradigms of the term, and its usage along a wide spectrum of concerns. He presents a via-media between the maximal notions of security pur sued by liberals incorporating all, and the minimal understanding advanced by realists, and pleads for a "conceptual optimality". His view springs from the imperatives of the disintegration of the communist bloc, and the phenomenon of 9/11 that was a massive blow to US might by a non-state—an invisible, and elu sive entity. Yet such develop ments do not render the state ir relevant; but make it more mean ingful to assume responsibility along with:


With this pictorial we present the design process of "The Academia is Tied in Knots", an interactive visualization based on sensitive and qualitative data, namely personal stories reported by people who have experienced sexual harassment in academia. We discuss how we approached the task of visualizing sensitive, uncomfortable, yet important topics in terms of data-mapping and visual representation, including the appropriateness of computational vs. manual approaches to help foreground relevant themes. We also describe the design process behind the visualization and we discuss it from a feminist data visualization perspective.


Providing reliable smart grid communication from customers to the local utility faces significant challenges due to noise, interference, frequency selectivity, path loss and fading. For transmission over narrowband powerline channels (3-500 kHz) and unlicensed wireless channels (902-928 MHz), this paper reviews previous approaches for (a) channel modeling and estimation and (b) noise/interference modeling and mitigation. Based on these approaches, the paper reviews methods for joint transmission over the powerline and wireless channels to improve reliability further. The key contribution of this paper is to explore design tradeoffs in communication performance vs. implementation complexity for joint transmission.


The following marketing plan focuses on health services, specifically to the surgical
area of the Hospital San Jose, to position it in the city of Bogota, and, also create
an image of quality, efficiency and effectiveness in providing this service.
Objectives are developed marketing plan, a situational analysis is performed and a
subsequent improvement strategies in conjunction with action plans focused on the
marketing mix.
The financial viability of the project is reflected in the cash flow.
The continuity of the current changes in health, makes every day there are more
competitors in this area, creating disadvantages in reducing the procedures
performed and therefore lower participation of Hospital San Jose in surgery.
The strategies are focused on the development of activities for both loyal
customers and attract new ones.


Currently, there is a discrepancy between the number of occupational accidents in the agricultural sector reported by Spanish governmental sources and those actually occurring in general. This is mainly due to the official definition of 'occupational accident' in the current regulations. In order to be able to analyse all fatal accidents involving tractors, other sources of information must therefore be used. In this study, we have collected the news published in different media during the period 2010–2019. Statistical models that take into account the spatial and temporal dependence of the data were used to estimate the rates of fatal accidents in the provinces of Spain using the Bayesian inference technique INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation). The results obtained showed that the total number of fatal accidents in that period was 644. The crude rates of fatal accidents per province ranged from 0 to 223.5 fatal accidents per 100,000 registered tractors. In addition, the overall rate for Spain as a whole was 6.87 fatal accidents per 100,000 tractors. As in other EU countries, it was found that the regions with the highest number of accidents were also related to steep terrain, to an older tractor fleet and to horticultural crops and vineyards.


Abstract We study the dynamical behaviour of composition operators Cϕ defined on spaces (Ω) of real analytic functions on an open subset Ω of ℝd. We characterize when such operators are topologically transitive, i.e. when for every pair of non-empty open sets there is an orbit intersecting both of them. Moreover, under mild assumptions on the composition operator, we investigate when it is sequentially hypercyclic, i.e., when it has a sequentially dense orbit. If ϕ is a self map on a simply connected complex neighbourhood U of ℝ, U ≠ ℂ, then topological transitivity, hypercyclicity and sequential hypercyclicity of Cϕ:(ℝ) → (ℝ) are equivalent.


Objective
To analyze the operation of water improvement projects in drinking water-borne fluorosis areas of Qinghai Province and the trend of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years, and to evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures comprehensively, so as to provide basis for improving prevention and control strategies.

Methods
In 2009 - 2017, according to the "Qinghai Drinking Water Endemic Fluorosis Surveillance Program", four project counties of Huangyuan, Minhe, Hualong and Guide were selected in Qinghai Province. Three villages in each project county were selected according to their mild, moderate and severe conditions, and monitored the operation of water improvement projects, water fluoride content and dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12-year-old in each diseased village.

Results
In 2009 - 2017, the normal operation rate of water improvement projects increased from 2/8 to 7/8; the batch operation rate of the projects decreased from 5/8 to 1/8; the number of abandoned projects decreased from 1 to 0; the number of people covered by qualified water fluoride increased from 9 962 to 80 760 people; there was no significant difference in water fluoride content between different years (F = 0.758, P > 0.05). The total detection rate of children′s dental fluorosis was 33.01% (1 812/5 489) from 2009 to 2017, the index of dental fluorosis was 0.65, and the epidemic intensity was slightly prevalent; the detection rate of children′s dental fluorosis was 30.02% (951/3 168) in villages with normal operation of water improvement projects and qualified water fluoride content, the index of dental fluorosis was 0.58, and the epidemic intensity was marginal; the detection rate of children′s dental fluorosis was 32.72% (583/1 782) in villages with abnormal operation of water improvement projects or excessive fluoride, the index of dental fluorosis was 0.66, and the epidemic intensity was slight; the detection rate of children′s dental fluorosis in villages without changing the water was 51.58% (278/539), and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.04, belonging to the moderate epidemic intensity; the detection rate of children′s dental fluorosis in villages without changing the water was significantly higher than that in villages with normal operation of water improvement projects and qualified water fluoride content (χ2 = 102.30, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The water improvement project in drinking water-borne fluorosis areas is running well and the operation rate is increasing year by year. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 - 12 years old in villages with normal operation of water improvement projects and qualified water fluoride content was significantly lower than that in villages without changing the water. The monitoring of fluorosis and the maintenance of water-renovation projects should be strengthened, and the problem of drinking water for residents in villages without changing the water should be resolved as soon as possible.

Key words:
Fluorosis, dental; Drinking; Dental fluorosis index; Epidemic intensity


Vitamin C is the best antioxidant known to have benefits to boost immunity. One of the fruits that contain vitamin C is the Pasaman orange. Pasaman orange is a fruit that is a flowering plant with members of the Citrus clan from the Rutaceae tribe (orange-orange tribe). Pasaman oranges were analyzed for their vitamin C content in order to increase the community's immunity during the covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a laboratory experiment with the iodometric method. The result is that Pasaman oranges contain high levels of vitamin C, with the average vitamin C levels in the Pasaman oranges being 10.22%, 11.18% and 10.38% respectively, while the average vitamin C levels in the Pasaman oranges were 10.59%. And during this pandemic, we should consume a lot of food and fruit with vitamin C to increase the body's immunity, so that it can be developed to the next stage of further and more effective research.


O N MARCH I2, I889, D. C. R., oet. 63 years, was admitted to my service at the Methodist Episcopal Hospital, with the following history: For six years he had suffered from vesical irritability and dysuria, with occasional attacks of retention of urine. Four months previous to admission a rubber catheter had been broken off in the urethra, the fragments being subsequently removed through an incision at the peno-scrotal junction. Examination per rectum revealed a considerable enlargenment of the prostate body, both in the middle and lateral lobes. A Thompson's searcher introduced into the bladder came in contact with calcareous material seemingly imbedded in the region of the left lateral lobe of the prostate. On March i6, an attempt was made to perform intra peritoneal cystotomy after the manner of Rydigier. The rectal bag or colpeurynter of Petersen was introduced into the rectum and 8 oz. of water, by actual measure, injected therein. A similar quantity of saturated solution of boric acid was then thirown into the bladder, after thoroughly washing out this viscus with the same solution, the penis being tied with a piece of rubber to prevent the escape of the solution from the bladder. An incision four inches long was made in the median line about half way between the umbilicus and the pubic symphisis, and the parietal layer of the peritoneum reached. As the latter was identified, a black mass was seen through its transparent structure occupying the abdominal cavity. Upon opening the peritoneum this was found to


Objective. To study the incidence of sepsis in the Valencian Community (Spain) during a period of 10 years (1995–2004). Methods. We downloaded data on discharge diagnoses of septicemia in all 26 public hospitals in the Valencian Community during the 10-year study period, as well as the additional discharge diagnoses of each patient. Results. We identified 33,767 cases of sepsis during the study period. The age-standardized incidence rates among men increased from 64.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.37–67.85) cases per 100,000 population in 1995 to 114.02 (95% CI, 109.02–118.50) cases per 100,000 population in 2004 (P < .001), and those among women increased from 45.08 (95% CI, 42.01–48.15) cases per 100,000 population in 1995 to 83.62 (95% CI, 79.85–87.39) cases per 100,000 population in 2004 (P < .001). Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequently involved microorganisms (in 21.4% of cases), and there was a significant increase in the number of sepsis cases caused by these organisms from 1999 onward. The mortality rate was approximately 42.5% among patients hospitalized for sepsis, and mortality was associated with organ failure. In addition, mortality was associated with the microorganism responsible not being known, with infection due to fungi, and with polymicrobial sepsis. Conclusions. The rates of hospitalization both for sepsis overall and for severe sepsis in the Valencian Community (Spain) are lower than those in other countries but are increasing, by 5% each year. The increase in the number of cases in which gram-negative bacteria are the cause of sepsis is notable.


Organizational safety resilience is a key factor in sustaining an effective safety management system (SMS) in high-reliability organizations (HROs) such as aviation. Extant research advocates for monitoring, assessing and continuously improving safety in an organization that has a fully-functional SMS. Safety resilience provides a buffer against vulnerabilities. Extant research also suggests a paucity in terms of a measurement framework for organizational safety resilience in collegiate aviation operations. A quantitative approach using Reason's safety resilience concept (Reason, 2011) is used to assess organizational safety resilience in a collegiate aviation program with an active conformance SMS accepted by the FAA. A sample of 516 research participants responded to an online survey instrument derived from Reason (2011). Structural Equation Model (SEM)/Path Analysis (PA) techniques are used to assess models that measure the strength of relationships between three cultural drivers (Commitment, Cognizance, Competence) of safety and safety resilience. There were strong significant relationships between these cultural drivers and safety resilience. Path analysis suggests that Commitment significantly mediates the path between Cognizance and Competence and highlights its important role in sustaining safety competencies. There were significant differences in the perceptions of safety resilience among top-level leadership, flight operations and ground operations. Flight operations and ground operations had higher mean scores on safety resilience than top-level leadership. Study provides a validated model of safety resilience that is essential for SMS improvements in collegiate aviation programs. Future studies will utilize this safety resilience model to assess other collegiate aviation programs in various phases of SMS implementation, airlines, and air traffic control operations. and competence. Their study analyzes the distinction between 'work as imagined' and 'work as done' as originally suggested by Hollnagel (2009). 'Work as imagined' assumes that if the correct standard procedures are known, understood and followed, safety will follow as a matter of course. However, staff at the 'sharp end' of organizations know that to create safety in their work, variability is not only desirable but essential. This positive adaptability within systems that allows good outcomes in the presence of both favorable and adverse conditions is termed resilience. They further argue that clinical and organizational work can be made safer, not only by addressing negative outcomes, but also by fostering excellence and promoting resilience through non-punitive safety reporting. Traffic Management, Airports and Unmanned Aerial Systems operations. Another significant benefit of this study is the capacity to assess operational vulnerabilities and strengthen safety resilience in collegiate aviation programs as part of continuous monitoring and improvements of SMS.


A digital echo-cancellation method to identify and mitigate reflection impairments in full duplex coherent optical links is proposed. More-than 6 dB improvements in echo power tolerance are experimentally verified in a 32-GBd full-duplex DP-QPSK link.


The so-called j-rotation space time block codes (j-STBC) to achieve additional coding gain from correlations of the quasiorthogonal designs is described in this paper.


Recently, more and more attention is paid to the ecological safety of the republic due to the increased threat of environmental pollution by radionuclides, particularly by uranium, while the processing of uranium-containing raw materials generates a significant amount of liquid industrial waste. The main waste disposal method is a sorption, which requires the use of inexpensive sorbents. Such sorbents can be obtained on the basis of domestic natural raw materials. The significant disadvantages of natural sorbents are a low sorption capacity, which can be increased by developing effective and relatively cheap methods for their modification. The absence of the methods of modification is a limiting factor for the widespread using of natural sorbents for environmental purposes. Variants of modification of natural aluminosilicate and coal-mineral raw materials of Kazakhstan by physical and chemical methods are considered. The chemical methods include the modification with a mixture of tributylphostat and di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid in kerosene to obtain "solid-phase extractants", a mixture of phosphoric acid and polyacrylamide, and the synthesis of organominerals. The possibility of using technogenic raw materials as a modifying reagent has been studied. Zeolite of the previously unexplored Kosmurun deposit and shungite of the Koksu deposit were selected for research, and slags of phosphorus production were selected as a technogenic raw materials. Their physical and chemical properties have been studied.


Treating a throwing athlete can be difficult, and success demands a thorough understanding of biomechanical principles and common physiological throwing adaptations. Throwing athletes require a combination of laxity and stability to achieve optimal performance, and disruption of this delicate balance can lead to injury. In this review article, we present the unique considerations relating to the throwing athlete and shoulder. Current concepts in throwing biomechanics, along with anatomic and physiologic adaptations of the thrower's shoulder, are reviewed. Common pathology also is discussed, including internal impingement, rotator cuff tears, labral tears, glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, and scapular dyskinesis. Our preferred treatment techniques and existing data on returning these athletes to competitive play are presented.


Use of a material that can be removed from a site within the body of a patient's breast which has been removed a tissue sample and characterized by: (i) remain present at the site in sufficient quantity to allow detection and location of the site for at least 2 weeks after introduction, and (ii) sufficiently removed from the site to not interfere with visualization in diagnostic imaging of tissue adjacent the site five to eight months after introduction thereof as a detectable to mark the site within the body of the patient breast marker.


Among almost 2500 municipalities in Poland we can find over 610 which cover both town and rural areas. Taking into considerations their revenue sources we can notice that over two third of them is supported by equalization grants. The main objective of this paper is to find out how do they use their negative taxing powers to lower tax burden from local taxes while they receive equalization grants. It is important because equalization scheme in Poland should equalize revenues taking into consideration Base Tax Revenues of municipality (potential revenues to collect by the municipality omitting all introduced tax expenditures). All collected data come from local government annual reports Rb-PDP, Ministry of Finance announcements about equalization grants for local governments and Base Tax Revenue per capita indicator also announced by Ministry of Finance. Research cover 2012-2017 period. Basic methods of survey were descriptive statistics summary statistics as location, spread, shape and dependence (Pearson population correlation coefficient). The main findings of this analysis are as follow: firstly we can observe that in case of urban-rural municipalities revenue loss from tax expenditures of all kinds is between 10 and 50% of possible revenues from Base Tax Revenues (local government taxes and tax shares in income taxes) but average loss was about 20%. Secondly we can notice that municipalities use mainly possibility to lower tax rates for all local taxpayers instead of discretional administrative decisions eg. about tax reliefs. It should be also noted that lowering tax rates mainly is visible in vehicle meanings tax (almost half of them reaches 70 to 100% loss of possible revenues) than in real estate tax. The third finding points out that there is Pearson population correlation coefficient (-0.37 for 2015 year) between level Base Tax Revenue per capita and coverage of tax expenditures by equalization grant (when tax base drops down coverage rises, when we remove outliers it changes to -0.60). In another words municipalities with poor tax base chose low tax rates because they are aware that equalization grant will cover their revenue loses.


Groundwater is an essential resource for the domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors. Nevertheless, groundwater quality has declined due to the increased use of pesticides and industrial effluent being discharged into water systems. This study aims to assess groundwater vulnerability by using the modified DRASTIC model around Doornfontein, Central Business District (CBD) of Johannesburg. Land use types are considered as a model parameter to produce a modified DRASTIC model, where the result varies between 103 and 219 (low to very high, vulnerable zones). Approximately 5.6% of the study area is covered by very high vulnerable zones and distributed in southern region. High, moderate and low vulnerability zone covers the area of 55.3%, 28.8% and 10.3%, respectively. The study uses a nitrate concentration level to validate the accuracy of the model. The correlation analysis between nitrate level and DRASTIC model shows R 2 = 0.548 and significant correlation with the modified DRASTIC model R 2 = 0.56. The single parameter sensitivity analysis reveal that land use, aquifer media, soil media, and topography have a prominent role in assessing vulnerability. The study output shows the area is highly vulnerable to contamination, necessitating the relevant authorities' careful attention and protection of the area's groundwater resources.


Based on the T-t experiment of PCM,it's found that the degree of supercooling is a little bigger,which limits environmental temperature.On account of this problem,nucleators with different proportions were added,T-t experiment was carried out and the result data were analyzesd.The results show that addition of ethylene glycol and sio2 can not only adjust the degree of supercooling of PCM,but also affect Onset temperature and latent heat of phase change.The two nucleators with appropriate proportion can be effective to reduce the degree of supercooling of PCM and to improve the PCM comprehensive performance.


The effect of pressure on the catalytic properties of glutamate racemase from Aquifex pyrophilus, an extremophilic bacterium, was investigated. The activation volume for the overall reaction (ΔV ¬= ) and catalysis (ΔV ¬= cat ) was -96.97 ml/ mol and 4.97 ml/mol, respectively, while the reaction volume for the substrate binding (ΔV Km -1) was -101.94 ml/mol. The large negative ΔV ¬= for the overall reaction indicated that the pressurization of glutamate racemase resulted in enhanced catalytic efficiencies. In addition, this value was also due to the large negative ΔV Km -1 for the substrate binding. The negative value of ΔV Km -1 implied that the conformational changes in the enzyme molecule occurred during the substrate binding process, thereby increasing the degree of hydration. The small value of ΔV ¬= cat suggested that the pressure did not affect the glutamate racemase catalysis after the substrate binding.


Objective To investigate the effect of Os.Dracoins on the sleeping states of freely moving rats.Methods After intragastric administration of Boas-Oppler,lactobacillus Os Dracoins decoction(equivalent to 35 g/kg crude drug)for 7 days,Polysomnography was used to record the changes of the cortical electroencephalogram of different sleeping states in rats.Results Os Dracoins decoction could prolong total sleep time of freely moving rats,primarily prolong SWS2,but had no sigsificant influence on SWS1 and REMS.Conclusion Os Dracoins decoction has influence on sleep cycle of normal rats and improves sleep effect.


In order to get rid of noise from the angular displacement of the crank rocker mechanism, the wavelet transform method is introduced. After the noise corresponds to the high frequency band of wavelet domain of the signal and the signal corresponds to the low frequency band of wavelet domain of the signal, the signal is decomposed into four layers, and the high frequency brand is set zero. The test results show that this method was most ideal for the de-noising effect on displacement signals, which is able to not only retain valid signals but to effectively remove the noise.


Remote sensing technology is increasingly used in mapping and monitoring ecosystems as well as providing input datasets for analysis of ecosystem functions or dynamics. As a source of information on ecosystem classification and evaluation, remote sensor data is particularly important at the scale of the landscape, where has few field data. However, each type of remote sensing image often developed an independent classification system to satisfy the needs of the majority of users, guidelines of criteria for certain utility. Although there are many similarities exist in different systems, it is hardly be comparable or interchangeable in general cases. There is, in fact, no logical reason to expect that one detailed ecosystem inventory should be adequate for multi鄄sources remote sensing data. But an ecosystem categorization system that takes whole consideration of remote sensing information, ecological factors and type or degree of human intervention is able to improve the efficiency of ecosystem analysis using different satellite imagery. Aim at this objective, this paper compiled a ecosystem classification system in China based on medium鄄resolution remote sensor data. The system includes 9 types, including forest, shrubland, grassland, wetland, cropland, urban land, desert, glacier / firn, bare land, in the first level categories, 21 subordinate types in the second level categories and 46 types in the third level categories. On the base of 38 third level


Emotions are a relevant factor in understanding the service experience, being a potential source of pleasure or frustration. This study examines whether customer groups with different emotional patterns exist in the mobile communication services industry. Further, we aim to provide a typology of the obtained segments according to the emotions experienced in the service experience. For this purpose an emotion-based cluster segmentation is performed through a two-step cluster analysis followed by a Manova analysis, on data from 443 mobile service users. Four emotion-based customer clusters emerge: "unemotional pragmatics", "demanding complainers", "senior passive sleepies" and "millennial enthusiasts" being the later the most attractive segment since they show a strong emotional bond with mobile services. Mobile service users cannot be seen as a homogenous group, and managers should examine and manage the emotions experienced in the mobile services.


Background— The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been shown to have cardioprotective properties in animal models of ischemia and infarction due to promotion of myocardial glucose uptake and suppression of apoptosis. We investigated whether GLP-1 protected the heart from dysfunction caused by supply ischemia during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results— Twenty patients with normal left ventricular (LV) function and single-vessel coronary disease within the left anterior descending artery undergoing elective PCI were studied. A conductance catheter was placed into the LV through the femoral artery, and pressure-volume loops were recorded at baseline and during a 1-minute low-pressure balloon occlusion at the site of the stenosis. The patients were randomized to receive an infusion of either GLP-1(7–36) amide at 1.2 pmol/kg per minute or saline immediately after the first balloon occlusion. Coronary balloon occlusion caused LV stunning in the control group with cumulative LV dysfunction on subsequent occlusion that was not seen in the GLP-1 group. GLP-1 improved recovery of LV systolic and diastolic function at 30 minutes after balloon occlusion compared with control (delta dP/dtmax from baseline, −1.6% versus −12.2%; P=0.02) and reduced the LV dysfunction after the second balloon occlusion (delta dP/dtmax, −13.1% versus −25.3%; P=0.01). Conclusions— In this pilot study, infusion of GLP-1 has been demonstrated to reduce ischemic LV dysfunction after supply ischemia during coronary balloon occlusion in humans and mitigates stunning. The findings require confirmation in a larger scale clinical trial. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.isrctn.org. Unique identifier: ISRCTN 77442023.


Objectives The objective of this study is to explore the impact of workplace dress code policies and guidance that may influence inclusivity and opportunities in the workplace. Design Quantitative, self-completion cross-sectional survey. Setting British Islamic Medical Association conference. Participants Eighty-four female medical healthcare professionals with a range of ethnicities and wide geographical coverage. Primary and secondary outcome measures The study reports on the experiences of female Muslim healthcare professions wearing the headscarf in theatre and their views of the bare below the elbows (BBE) policy. Percentage of positive answers and their respective 95% CIs are calculated. Results The majority of participants agreed that wearing the headscarf was important for themselves and their religious beliefs (94.1%), yet over half (51.5%) experienced problems trying to wear a headscarf in theatre; some women felt embarrassed (23.4%), anxious (37.1%) and bullied (36.5%). A variety of different methods in head covering in operating theatres were identified. The majority of respondents (56.3%) felt their religious requirement to cover their arms was not respected by their trust, with nearly three-quarters (74.1%) of respondents not happy with their trust's BBE uniform policy alternative. Dissatisfaction with the current practice of headscarves in theatre and BBE policy was highlighted, with some respondents preferring to specialise as GPs rather than in hospital medicine because of dress code matters. The hijab prototype proposed by the research team also received a positive response (98.7%). Conclusions Our study suggests that female Muslims working in the National Health Service (NHS) reported experiencing challenges when wearing the headscarf in theatre and with BBE policy. The NHS needs to make its position clear to avoid variations in individual trust interpretation of dress code policies. This illustrates a wider issue of how policies can be at odds with personal beliefs which may contribute to a reduction in workforce diversity.


In this study, we analyzed the chromatin ultrastructure in interphase cells after different chemical fixations. In light of the fact that there is little information regarding the fixation of biological samples in combination with molecular biology methods (such as DNA extraction and in situ hybridization methods) we analyzed the ultrastructure of chromatin in interphase cells fixed with different fixatives and tested under the same conditions for both DNA extraction and in situ hybridization. The results showed that, among the different combinations and concentrations we analyzed, the solution of 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde was the best compromise in order to achieve a well‐preserved morphology, successful DNA extraction, and specific signaling of in situ hybridization, suggesting a low interference of this fixative with the chromatin organization. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


With the advent of information age,network centric warfare is becoming a new combat form.Combat operations are not the confrontation between weapon platforms but the confrontation of network centric warfare systems.Based on such a background,in order to reduce the affection to the overall performance of the network centric warfare caused by the network including transmission delay,a switching controller based on the random network delay has been designed.A linear matrix inequality(LMI) is presented to ensure the stability of each subsystem and switching steadily between the subsystems,and the controller parameters can also be solved by using the linear matrix inequality.Finally,the validity of the proposed controller by comparing the effectiveness is verified with specific example.


According to the test results of optimized operation carried on a 410 t/h CFB boiler, the measured combusting properties of anthracite in the large CFB boiler were provided in this paper. These properties include: operating and designing parameters affected on carbon content in fly ash, distribution of oxygen in the furnace, distribution of temperature in the furnace, distribution of bed pressure, and operation under low load. Some methods used to improve the CFB boiler operation were discussed in the paper. Key word: fluidized bed, boiler, combustion


We propose a microscopic effective interaction to treat pairing correlations in the $^{1}S_0$ channel. It is introduced by recasting the gap equation written in terms of the bare force into a fully equivalent pairing problem. Within this approach, the proposed interaction reproduces the pairing properties provided by the realistic $AV18$ force very accurately. Written in the canonical basis of the actual Bogolyubov transformation, the force takes the form of an off-shell in-medium two-body matrix in the superfluid phase multiplied by a BCS occupation number $2 \rho_{m}$. This interaction is finite ranged, non local, total-momentum dependent and density dependent. The factor $2 \rho_{m}$ emerging from the recast of the gap equation provides a natural cut-off and makes zero-range approximations of the effective vertex meaningful. Performing such an approximation, the roles of the range and of the density dependence of the interaction can be disentangled. The isoscalar and isovector density-dependences derived ab-initio provide the pairing force with a strong predictive power when extrapolated toward the drip-lines. Although finite ranged and non local, the proposed interaction makes HFB calculations of finite nuclei in coordinate space tractable. Through the two-basis method, its computational cost is of the same order as for a zero-range force.


A survey of dementia services in Europe suggests that the intellectual and humanitarian arguments for early recognition of dementia are overwhelming, and that health services should strive to overcome the low status of dementia as a clinical condition, the limited skills and nihilism of professionals, and the collusion of families that act as barriers to earlier diagnosis (Warner & Furnish, 2002). In England the National Service Framework for Older People now defines standards of care for the ageing population, and is unequivocal in identifying early diagnosis of dementia as beneficial (Department of Health, 2001). The opportunities this provides include access to treatment, planning for the future and facilitating people with dementia and their relatives to come to terms with dementia and its prognosis. Following this, the Audit Commission reiterated that a priority for services was to diagnose mental health problems in older people 'as early as possible' (Audit Commission, 2002). However, all medical interventions require an assessment of the benefits and hazards of treatment compared with inaction—a risk assessment. Risk is managed with a socio-political context (Lupton, 1993) as well as with professional and caregiving domains (Manthorpe, 2003). Essentially risk involves uncertainty of outcome and this may be positive or negative. Combined with judgements of the outcome's importance are assessments of likelihood or probability. In all risk assessments, management and decision-making, subjective perceptions or judgements are involved, overtly or otherwise (Cabinet Office, 2002). In this paper we will review the risks of recognizing and responding to the early signs and symptoms of dementia. The early recognition of dementia is now presented as an essentially beneficial and a rational approach, in contrast to the 'myths' that it might not be advantageous (Milne & Wilkinson, 2002). In our view, the risk remains and entails three dimensions:


This paper deals with the role of problem formulation in planning and design, including: a the importance of problem formulation to planning and design; b problematic, physiological, psychological and environmental factors that can affect the formulation process; and c problem formulation heuristics. Two types of formulation heuristics are identified-problem reduction and problem expansion. Because the latter type has received little empirical research, an initial study of a problem expansion heuristic Problem-Purpose Expansion was conducted. Experimentation showed that Problem-Purpose Expansion may have a positive effect on idea generation, particularly for individuals working on problems that fall outside their area of expertise. Exhorting the importance of problem formulation, a second treatment studied in these experiments, produced little measurable effect on idea generation.


Protecting patients from harm is one of the most important things health professionals can do for their patients. However, an estimated 1 in 10 patients are harmed while receiving hospital care in high-income countries, 1 and studies suggest that the rates of harm are higher in low-and middle-income countries. 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) describes safety as a key dimension of quality health care. 3 Patient safety means 'the absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of health care.' 1 It includes issues such as the prevention of hospital-acquired infections, surgical safety, medication errors, falls and accidents in hospital. Keeping patients safe before, during and after operations is vital. Simple, cheap interventions can be implemented to prevent harm in theatres. The WHO has developed a surgical safety checklist 4 to be used for each operation; use of the checklist can reduce the rate of post-operative deaths and complications by more than one third. Evidence suggests that this tool may be particularly effective in low-income settings. 5 A surgical safety checklist is simple, quick and can be adapted to suit local needs. For example, a specific checklist for cataract surgery has been developed in the UK. 6 What you can do: • Develop a local surgical safety checklist, using the WHO tool as a model, which you can use on every surgical patient to prevent errors in theatre. • Ensure surgeons perform a 'double check' (see panel) on every patient to check they have the correct patient, correct eye and correct equipment; this will highlight any errors before the operation takes place. Protecting patients from infection Infections acquired in hospital are a major global problem. In low-income countries, an estimated 15.5 out of every 100 patients treated will develop an infection as a result of their contact with the health service. Clean hands are an important step in preventing transmission of infections. Hand hygiene measures can reduce the frequency of health care associated infections by more than 50%. 1 Eye infection can spread in hospitals where infection control measures are inadequate. In eye units, inadequate access to working sinks, hand towels, and alcohol hand rubs can make effective hand hygiene diffi cult. What you can do: • Always clean your hands between each patient, either with soap and water or using alcohol hand rub. • Make hospital management aware if hand hygiene facilities need to be improved. …


The influence of reaction conditions (temperature, catalyst type, catalyst concentration – represented as molar ratio catalyst/acetone nc/na) on the composition of the product formed from the reaction of acetone and hydrogen peroxide (30%) under acid catalysis was studied. 3,3,6,6,9,9-Hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxonane (TATP) was found to be the major product when the content of the catalyst in the reaction mixture is low (nc/na ≤ 0.5). A single side product (peak 10.2) in an amount ranging from 1.5 to 8% of the total peak area was present in all the prepared samples. Three other side products were found when catalyzing by hydrochloric and nitric acids. Temperature and catalyst type did not have a significant influence on the composition of the product at low catalyst concentration. Increasing the catalyst concentration led to the formation of 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,4,5-tetroxane (DADP) either as a co-product of TATP or as an exclusive product depending on the concentration of the catalyst.


The authors investigate some specifics of using song material in the formation of foreign language communicative competence when teaching Ukrainian to students of different levels of language proficiency.
The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that there is an insufficient number of educational resources on the Ukrainian language for foreign students and also by the proven effectiveness of the studied type of educational material, and consequently by the necessity of developing a method for its optimal use.
The aim is to develop a methodology of using song material in lessons of Ukrainian as a foreign language for students of different levels with a focus on popular contemporary songs.
Methods of research used in the article comprise critical analysis of literary sources; study and generalization of teachers' work; trial teaching.
Main results. The article offers methodical recommendations for using song material in lessons of Ukrainian as a foreign language to fulfill such educational tasks: use of song material as phonetic exercises and for correction of pronunciation, use of song material as a motivator for studying the creativity of writers and poets, use of song material in studying the lexical and grammatical material. The authors propose a technique for a complete lesson for studying a chosen song, and also variants of using the song "Dumka" based on the poem by Taras Shevchenko at different stages of language learning. Emphasis is placed on modern songs, in which music is set to verses of prominent classics, and examples of songs that are recommended for use at different stages of the educational process are given.
Conclusions. Usage of song material has some important advantages in the practice of teaching Ukrainian to foreigners and allows creating the most authentic environment in the classroom; removing psychological barriers; improving a classroom microclimate; increasing opportunities for foreign students to get acquainted with Ukrainian traditions and culture in a timely and versatile manner; adaptation of students to the language uses, providing them with song material to get involved in authentic Ukrainian language.


Objective: To discuss the clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging appearance of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee in a 10-year-old competitive female gymnast. Clinical features: The patient presented with a 4-month history of knee pain that was aggravated by activity and relieved with rest. Outcome: The patient was referred to her general practitioner and subsequent orthopedist for consultation. Diagnostic imaging studies of the knee including plain film and MRI revealed findings consistent with osteochondritis dissecans. The patient was placed on complete rest from activity for eight weeks and has since returned to competitive gymnastics. Conclusion: Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is a prevalent disorder in young high-level athletes. It is characterised by a subchondral osseous fragment that can separate from the underlying bone. Diagnosis and management must be implemented quickly and with patient compliance to allow for a positive outcome. Successful resolution of OCD at the knee in young high-level athletes can often be achieved with conservative management to include; rest, ice and bracing. Chiropractic care is helpful in the management of associated back, knee, hip and ankle complaints induced by altered gait and weight bearing.


Here we outline the main highlights from the 7 year High Energy Starting Events (HESE) event sample. The next new physics search using astrophysical neutrino flavor data is described, where we reach the Planck scale for the first time.


Purpose: To establish the ability of the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) to detect morphological change of the optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and to evaluate glaucomatous nerve fibre layer defects.


The method of digital holography wavefront reconstruction with adjustable magnification is introduced. Since there is strong zero-order diffraction interference on the reconstruction plane, three different methods are proposed to eliminate zero-order diffraction interference, and compared through experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the mean subtracted from a hologram is an effective method.


Simulation Model Validation is one of the key content in modeling and simulation VVA.The methods of simulation model validation include time domain,frequency domain and time-frequency analyses.Though the methods of time domain and frequency domain are used widely,the analytic means is considered single.However the methods of time-frequency analyses have particular advantage.The application of wavelet transform has been involved in many fields in recent years,for example,signal processing,pattern recognition and fault diagnosis etc.The paper attempted to apply wavelet transform to simulation model validation.The basic theory and property of multi-resolution analysis on wavelet transform are applied,based on the idea that the signal characteristic is described by using the wavelet transform coefficients.On the basis of multi-scale decomposition of wavelet transform,the output sequences of the simulation model and real system are divided into low frequency and high frequency parts,and the consistence test method based on the discrete wavelet transform coefficients is built according to their respective characteristics.The application example is given and the validity of the method proved.


The evolution of the art of formal gown making developed by Anna Eggert who started making gowns mainly for her daughter is discussed. The move led her to making female garments for sculptural forms.


New materials like fibre reinforced plastics, fibre reinforced ceramics and other composites as well as new integral structures make it difficult or impossible to use the standard methods for nondestructive testing. Therefore a great variety of new test methods has been developed in the last years. Among these new methods are pulse thermography and shearography. Both methods are fast in application and analysis, noncon-tacting and can use multiple possibilities of exciting the object under investigation. Although relatively young these methods have demonstrated great potential and have been proven indispensable for a number of material problems. This study shows the results of both nondestructive methods in application of testing new material composites and structures, partly in comparison to scanning ultrasonic testing. Tests were carried out with monolithic laminate and sandwich compound specimens with artificial defects like drilled flat holes, interlaminate patches and impact damages. Further investigations were done with real aircraft components. Results show that both methods have individual advantages and disadvantages concerning the great variety of damages observed for material composites. Therefore both methods should be rather considered as supplement and used in combination and not as competitive test methods.


Our purpose was to identify the incidence and significance of markers of systemic connective tissue abnormalities (CTA) in patients with saccular intracranial aneurysms (SIA).


The results are presented of a continuing research and development program the objective of which is to develop a reduced bandwidth television system and a technique for television transmission of holograms. The result of the former is a variable frame rate television system, the operation of which was demonstrated for both black-and-white and color signals. This system employs a novel combination of the inexpensive mass storage capacity of a magnetic disc with the reliability of a digital system for time expansion and compression. Also reported are the results of a theoretical analysis and preliminary feasibility experiment of an innovative system for television transmission of holograms using relatively conventional TV equipment along with a phase modulated reference wave for production of the original interference pattern.


Periostin, a recently characterized matricellular protein, secreted by airway epithelial cell and fibroblasts in response to Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13 and TGF-β which consequently accelerated Th2-type immune responses. Periostin could interacted with several cell surface integrin molecules and provided signals for tissue development and remodeling. This paper summarizes the latest research situation of periostin in respiratory disease.

Key words:
Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; Respiratory Tract Diseases; immune response; Airway Remodeling


A search for the present location of the ruins of Adolf Hitler's Führer bunker precipitates a short reflection on the ambiguities and dangers of 'atrocity tourism'.


In this paper we propose real-time cocersion methods that can convert into stereoscopic image using depth map that is formed by motion detection extracted from 2-D moving image and region segmentation separated from image. Depth map which represents depth information of image and the proposed absolute parallax image are used as the measure of qualitative evaluation. We have compared depth information, parallax processing, and segmentation between objects with different depth for proposed and conventional method. As a result, we have confirmed the proposed method can offer realistic stereoscopic effect regardless of direction and velocity of moving object for a moving image.


skinned college graduates in business suits — opposed corporate penetration as a threat to their isolation, independence, and tradition of common ownership of the land. Unfortunately, factional rivalries exacerbated the Indian governments' tendency to appeal to Washington to settle the details of leases, royalty payments, and tribally-awarded corporate charters. Following a tradition of long standing, Washington proved only too eager to intervene. Much federal meddling probably reflected benevolent intent. One or another federal official found tribesmen wanting the capacity to manage their own corporations, negotiate profitable leasing agreements, collect legislatively-imposed royalties. So an attorney-general, a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, a Secretary of the Interior or a Senate committee redid the tribe's business, not infrequently to the short-run economic advantage of the Indians. Such interference did not enhance the predictability of the business climate in the Indian nations or the enthusiasm of businessmen for dealing with two tiers of sovereignty. Nonetheless, some persistent and well-connected oil and coal operators managed to snake through the bureaucratic maze and emerge at the end with highly profitable leasing agreements. Congress proved considerably more hospitable to corporate lobbyists than to tribal delegates. Beginning in 1882 with a unilateral grant of railroad right-of-way over lands owned in fee by the tribes, and culminating with the virtual abolition of tribal governments' control over their own people and resources in the Curtis Act of 1898, Congress reduced Indian sovereignty by simply ignoring it. Although Miner has confined his research primarily to the voluminous records of the tribes and the federal establishment, inferring corporate purposes from the behavior and testimony of the corporations' representatives rather than from internal business records, he keeps deftly in touch with larger corporate strategies. No summary can do justice to the complexity of the games he describes. He populates his story not with heroes and villains, but with players more or less clever, more or less informed, at a game whose rules proved unpredictable and whose parameters few understood. At the end of the game, the state of Oklahoma emerged with more than 5,000 miles of railroad, dozens of gushers and incipient millionaires, and (in the eyes of the law) not a single sovereign Indian nation to its name.


The development of information and communication technologies in recent decades has been very stormy. Modern mobile devices (smartphones, tablets) are ideal tools to use as virtual guides through educational exhibitions. They allow a personalized approach to the visitors (each visitor controls his/her own device), they can present not only text, but also sound and moving images and using wireless technology, they can communicate with a control server and can navigate through the exhibition. The paper describes the model of such a virtual guide using a fuzzy expert system. It's purpose is to replace the physical exhibition guide. Based on an initial analysis of a visitor, the virtual guide proposes a tour through the exhibition so that it brings the visitor the maximal educational benefit while at the same time offers information about the displayed exhibits in such a way that is most comprehensible. A fuzzy expert system is used for reasons of better and simpler communication with the visitor. Fuzzy logic allows handling of conceptual vagueness in the visitor's responses to the system's queries and also allows the use of fuzzy borders between different categories of visitors. The output is a tour route proposal adapted to practically any visitor. The aim of the virtual guide is to function in an environment of a real (physical) exhibition. First, however, to ensure better system diagnostics, the whole system should be tested in an environment of a virtual museum on the Internet. The testing involves not only the system's functionality, but also the educational benefits of such a guide.


Short QT syndrome (QTc ≤ 300 ms) is a novel hereditary channelopathy linked to syncope, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death. However, its epidemiological features remain unsettled.


Welcome all readers to this first issue of the journal for 2017. This is my first edition as the editor of the Asian Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy (APJCP). It is my great pleasure to work for the development of this journal and the promotion of counselling in the Asia Pacific region. I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to Dr Ann Moir-Bussy for her contributions as editor over the years. She has nurtured the journal as a kind mother does her own child. The journal has grown from strength to strength under her leadership. I deeply appreciate the timely support that she has given me during the transition period. I would like to thank Prof. Dr Catherine Tien-Lun Sun for recommending me as the editor of the APJCP and for her inspiring guidance. Thanks also go to Ms Jennifer Lien, Ms Thandi Meets, Ms Julie Weston, Ms Tarquam McKenna, Mr Gareth Meager and all other colleagues of the Taylor & Francis team for their excellent work in journal marketing and publication. Recently, we have reorganized the Editorial Board. I am grateful for the contributions of all the former Editorial Board members who have worked for this journal in years past. Their efforts have been crucial to the growth of the APJCP. I also welcome the new Editorial Board members. Their expertise and contributions will bring new vision to the journal. This issue is a multicultural collection including manuscripts from Australia, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, India and Taiwan. These articles help readers to recognize and respond to needs and challenges in counselling, psychotherapy and clinical supervision work for specific groups in different countries. In addition to underscoring the singular role of counselling and psychotherapy, these studies also mention the influence of medications and technology in the healing process. We often encounter clients with depression in counselling and psychotherapy. Although a great deal of attention is generally focused upon depression in young or middle-aged adults, Christopher Sharpley, Rafat Hussain, Stuart Wark, Vicki Bitsika, MarkMcEvoy and John Attia report on a timely Australian study investigating the prevalence of geriatric depression and its subtypes (i.e. depressedmood and anhedonia) in old people. Their study suggests that old people with depression over 70 years suffer more from anhedonia than depressed mood in Australia. The authors discuss the key importance of considering individual client profiles in choosing effective intervention for them. Andrew Adubale and Oyaziwo Aluede from Nigeria examine counselling needs and help-seeking patterns among 547 Catholic seminarians. Their findings accentuate the significant need for counselling assistance of this population. Due to technological advances and to contemporary changes in social communication patterns, online counselling is developing robustly. Antover Tuliao and Pocholo Andrew Velasquez examine factors associated with utilization of and attitudes towards online ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY, 2017 VOL. 8, NO. 1, 1–2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2016.1273646


What is already known about this topic? Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a critical global public health problem. What is added by this report? Sputum cultures and lung images show a strong association with treatment outcomes, serving as a multi-dimensional approach to identify MDR-TB patients with poor outcomes. What are the implications for public health practice? The results imply that funds and policy investments should be increased by early monitoring of MDR-TB patients, especially regarding imaging and sputum bacterium. By informing physicians on changes to the therapeutic schedule, treatment outcomes can be improved.


Gastroesophageal reflux is a very common disease. Almost everybody experiences heartburn from time to time but with different degree of severity. How does reflux occur, and which factors encourage or work against reflux is a very controversial matter. This article covers all controversial issues about the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux and discusses the old and recent understanding of the disease.


A wiki is a collaborative Web site whose content can be edited by anyone who has access to it. Wikis are becoming a new work tool in enterprises and are widely spreading everywhere. In fact, they are often used as internal documentation for various in-house systems and applications. Understanding and maintaining the structure of a wiki may be a crucial aspect. As well as software grows, decays and needs refactoring, the organic growth of a wiki inevitably leads to its degradation. We propose a novel methodology based on formal methods to analyse and verify the architecture of wikis. Formal verification helps to perform refactoring. Each wiki category, a set of wiki pages, is modelled using the Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) process algebra in order to verify specific properties. First experiments conducted on a adequate number of categories of Wikipedia, assess the validity of our methodology revealing new directions for future research.


Abstract Dielectric property measurement instruments are expensive and not readily available. Hence, models of the dielectric and thermal properties of protein-enriched instant noodles (PEIN) were developed as a function of the product moisture, protein, ash, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber contents. The chicken meat, egg yolk, and seaweed in PEIN varied from 0 to 30, 0 to 15, and 0 to 6 g/100 g flour, respectively. Results revealed that protein, fat, and ash contents of PEIN increased by chicken meat, egg yolk, and seaweed supplementation. Regression equations indicated that the moisture and protein contents significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased, while the fat content decreased the dielectric and thermal properties. The R2 values of the dielectric constant and loss factor, thermal conductivity, and specific heat equations were 0.75, 0.87, 0.78, and 0.98, respectively. Finally, no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the properties values predicted from the model equations and the experimental data (not included in the development of model equations) was observed which indicated a good model fit.


Airborne asbestos levels were measured by direct transmission electron microscopy in 49 public buildings from three categories: (1) buildings without asbestos-containing material (ACM); (2) buildings with all or most of the ACM in good condition allowing for a limited number of areas of moderate damage; and (3) buildings with at least one area of significantly damaged ACM or numerous areas of moderate damage. Although the absolute airborne asbestos levels were very low, Category (3) had the highest median levels followed by Category (2), Category (1), and outdoors. Category (3) levels were significantly higher than Category (1). Another objective was to field test an assessment method for ACM developed facilitate abatement decision making in the context of an asbestos-management program. Using rate consistency as an evaluation criterion, the three factors showed promise as assessment tools for use in the field. Each factor showed statistically significant consistency among raters.


The field of gene expression data analysis has grown in the past few years from being purely data-centric to integrative, aiming at complementing microarray analysis with data and knowledge from diverse available sources. Given a gene expression dataset, the challenge is to predict gene function given the intensity and redundancy of the data and the lack of similarity of expression profiles without degrading the analysis performance and also without assigning genes at random. At the same time, the computational method must be capable of producing highly compacted clusters with furthest separation, high consistency, and accuracy. In this paper, we present a new computational framework for clustering gene expression data. From this experiment, we can conclude that our new framework capable to improve the accuracy thus determined the dominant gene.


easonal variations in the concentrations of four heavy metals; zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), were determined in gills, skin and muscles of two fish species (Mugil cephalus and Liza ramada) from five locations in Lake Manzala . The average concentrations of the metals in fish tissues exhibited the following order: Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of seasons, locations and fish tissues for all metals measured. The highest values of the metals were recorded in hot seasons (summer and spring). Fish samples from location V (Bahr El-Bakar) displayed the highest metal concentrations in their tissues. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in gills tissue of both fish species, while the lowest ones were recorded in muscles tissue. The values of the metals detected in the edible fish muscles were within the permissible limits.