Initial characterization of the bloodstains on the Shroud of Turin indicates that blood components are present, findings that are consistent with the presence of real blood on the cloth. The bloodstains on the Shroud have been primarily evaluated from a chemical perspective, though much less so from the context of immunology, particularly in elucidating the species of origin. For example, while it is commonly reported that the blood is human, the immunological data for the type of blood present on the Shroud remains incomplete. To date, this issue is still scientifically unresolved. Furthermore, it is often misunderstood that previous studies have ruled out the possibility that blood from other animal types (cow, horse, chicken, etc.) might be present on the Shroud, when, in fact, this subject has never been addressed by experimentation. Indeed, with one exception (rabbit), which occurred serendipitously, no data exists regarding this issue. Here, the current knowledge of the types of blood that might exist on the Shroud of Turin is discussed, emphasizing results for which empirical data actually exists, the strength of such data, and estimations that remain to be determined. Initial Characterization of Bloodstains: Blood is present When the Shroud of Turin was scientifically examined almost forty years ago, one of the fundamental questions addressed was "Does real blood exist on the cloth?" Various chemical tests were performed by two major groups, those headed by Baima Bollone, an Italian scientist, and the scientists Heller and Adler, associated with the Shroud of Turin Research project, or STURP, the American research team, led by Jackson and Jumper. Baima Bollone extracted threads from the cloth for his studies whereas the STURP team relied on tape-lift samples taken from the Shroud's surface. The bulk of Heller and Adler's work was published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, while most of Baima-Bollone's findings were reported in Shroud specialty journals, particularly Sindon, and also in various compendium-style books. John Heller would also describe his findings (and experiences) in a narrative style book. The conclusion of both parties was that the bloodstains on the Shroud were, in fact, composed of blood (1-14). Others have challenged these findings, particularly the noted microscopist, Walter McCrone, who believed the bloodstains were merely painted on, and thus solely the product of pigments (1517), although the majority of the evidence would go against this point. Moreover, such arguments do not take into account the immunological data that has been reported for bloodstained regions, gathered by both Baima Bollone and Heller and Adler, which is the main subject of this paper. What type of blood is it? Part I-Have human blood components been detected? After initial, presumptive testing indicated that real blood was present on the cloth, the logical extension was to determine what type of blood might exist. Scientifically, there are two types of methods that allow the species of origin to be determined for bloodstains: immunological testing using antibodies directed against specific blood components and DNA testing, evaluating


Problem solving is one of the mathematical competencies that students must achieve from elementary school through college. However, in reality problem solving is still a competency that is difficult for students to achieve with various kinds of difficulties in solving mathematical problems. This study has a goal to be achieved in the form of identifying and describing problem solving difficulties based on the theory of Newman to students in fraction material . This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative research methods . The research sample consisted of 34 5th grade elementary school students and 3 students as interview samples with a background of different cognitive abilities. The data of this study were collected from test questions of problem solving skills and interviews. The results showed that students' difficulties in solving problem solving problems were students do not understand the questions in the problem, students are still lacking in understanding mathematical concepts and procedural steps, student mistakes in representing problems in mathematical models, students are not happy to re-evaluate the answers that have been written to check the truth of the answers.


"Integration" of the corporate and individual income taxes refers to any plan in which corporate income is taxed only once, rather than taxed both when earned and when distributed to shareholders as dividends. A consensus is emerging from the ongoing studies, both within the Treasury and outside, that such integration is desirable.


Writing on Shelley's posthumous reputation, Newman Ivey White noted the 'general acclaim' which marked the poet's critical reception in the midand late Victorian period. I Inevitably there were eminent detractors who, to the extent that they reacted against an idealization of Shelley, may well have usefully offset elements of an unwholesome semi-religious cult, particularly that surrounding Jane, Lady Shelley (who, together with her husband, Sir Percy Florence the poet's son guarded with tenacity the poet's reputation, and most surviving manuscripts).2 But, as White reminds us, admiration for Shelley was grounded in genuine scholarship and literary interest. In the period in question, 'students of Shelley produced more than a dozen biographies, scores of editions, and hundreds of critical essays, many of them from the most distinguished critics of the age'. 3 None could deny the serious interest in Shelley, unless they chose to ignore it. White went on to observe that Arnold, Bagehot, and Stephen were among those who, owing to their stature, gave credence to a motley of critical voices in the opposition camp. They did so 'in some of the most important and fully considered critical essays of the age'.4 Arnold's assessment of Shelley mainly appeared in two essays, one on Byron and the second on Shelley, published successively in his Essays in Criticism, Second Series (1888). The essays on Byron and Shelley were themselves published earlier: the former in March 1881 in Macmillan's Magazine, 43 (pp. 367-77) and then in the same year as the Preface to a selection of Byron's poetry (Macmillan & Co.); and the latter in January 1888 as a review article on Dowden's life of Shelley, in Nineteenth Century, 23 (pp. 23-39). Taken together these two essays represent Arnold's final public estimate of Shelley, one which in overall


In this paper, stochastic geometry is used to quantitatively solve the issue of optimal transmission distance in device-to-device hybrid network. Two interference sources are taken into account: mobiles transmitting to base stations, and mobiles transmitting to other mobiles. Transmission distance is assumed equal in this paper, and we explore the optimal transmission distance of mean progress and mean transport, that is, the product of transmission distance and coverage probability, and the product of transmission distance and throughput, respectively. Parameters such as intensity of mobiles, the proportion of mobile regarded as device transmitters, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio requirement, ratio of transmit power of macro terminals to mobile devices, and path loss exponent, are considered in our mathematical expressions. In this paper, we illustrate how the stochastic geometry can be used in studying the device-to-device issues, and how the optimal transmission distance changes regarding the parameters.


BACKGROUND A textiloma is a rare retained surgical swab with probable serious post-operation complications. CASE REPORT Here, we reported an asymptomatic patient who had past history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) fourteen months ago and referred to our institute for left atrial mass removal. Echocardiography and chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a non-homogenous non-mobile mass and a heterogeneous lesion with low-density as well as high-density areas with spot calcification and gas bubbles at left atrium level, respectively. CONCLUSION Despite being rare after CABG, textiloma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in case of any suspicious chest mass even in asymptomatic patients.


Collaborative design has been widely induced in complex product development,in ship likewise.It is important to build reasonable workflow to improve design efficiency.Optimizing resource allocation is the key to ensure workflow management efficiently.A high-efficient algorithm of resource self-allocation is put forward after the workflow from design to submit is built and some factors effecting resource allocation are analyzed based on Petri-net.


where {xi}i=1 is a given set of point locations, where {qi}i=1 is a given set of corresponding sources, where {ui}i=1 is a set of potential values to be determined, and where G(x,y) is the kernel associated with the electrostatic problem. In two dimensions, we recall that the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation is φ(x) = −(2π)−1 log |x|. To keep formulas less cluttered, we will omit the scaling in front of the logarithm, and will use the kernel


Aims Chronic inflammation and cancer stem cells are known risk factors for tumorigenesis. The aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves a multistep pathological process characterised by chronic inflammation and hepatocyte damage but the correlation between HCC, inflammation and cancer stem cell remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of hepatic progenitor cells in a mouse model of chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis to elucidate the relationship between inflammation, malignant transformation and cancer stem cells. Methods and results We used diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce liver tumour and scored for H&E and reticulin staining, and also immunohistochemistry staining for OV-6 expression and analysed the statistical correlation between each other. DEN progressively induced inflammation at 7 week 7 (40%, 2/5), week 27 (75%, 6/8), week 33 (62.5%, 5/8) and week 50 (100%, 12/12). DEN progressively induced malignant transformation at week 7 (0%, 0/5), week 27 (87.5%, 7/8), week 33 (100%, 8/8) and week 50 (100%, 12/12). Data obtained showed that DEN progressively induced high-levels of OV-6 expression at week 7 (20%, 1/5), week 27 (37.5%, 3/8), week 33 (50%, 4/8) and week 50 (100%, 12/12). DEN-induced inflammation, malignant transformation and high-level OV-6 expression in hamster liver as shown above and applying Spearman's correlation to the data showed that expression of OV-6 was significantly correlated to inflammation (p = 0.001) and malignant transformation (p < 0.001) Conclusions There was a significant correlation between number of cancer stem cells, inflammation and malignant transformation in a DEN-induced model of hepatic carcinogenesis in the hamster.


Neutrino telescope IceCube has recently discovered astrophysical neutrinos with energies in the TeV PeV range. Using the data of Fermi gamma-ray telescope, I will demonstrate that the neutrino signal is dominated by emission from the Milky Way galaxy. Matching gamma-ray and neutrino spectra we find that TeV-PeV Galactic cosmic rays form a powerlaw spectrum with the slope 2.5 (instead of conventional >2.7). This spectral slope is harder than previously thought, but it is compatible with that of the locally observed spectra of cosmic ray nuclei in the same energy range. It is also consistent with the theoretical model of cosmic ray injection by diffusive shock acceleration followed by escape through the Galactic magnetic field with Kolmogorov turbulence. I will discuss implications of this result for the problem of the origin of cosmic rays.


In the Bulk Synchronous Parallel (or BSP) model of parallel communication represented by BSPlib , the relaxed coupling of the global computation, communication and synchronisation, whilst providing a definite semantics, does not prescribe exactly when and where communication is to be carried out during the computation. It merely states that it cannot happen before requested by the application and that at certain points local computation cannot proceed unless updates have been applied from the other participating processors. The nature of the computation and this framework is open to exploitation by the implementation of the runtime system and can be made to suit particular physical environments without requiring application program changes. This bulk and global view of parallel computation can be used to implement protocols that both maintain and take into account global state for optimising performance. Such global protocols can provide performance improvements which are not easily achieved with local and greedy strategies and may in turn be locally sub-optimal. This global perspective and the exploitable nature of BSP computation is applied to congestion avoidance, transport layer protocols suitable for BSP computation, global stable check-pointing, and work process placement and migration, to achieve a better overall performance. An important consideration for the compositionality of parallel computer systems into larger systems is that in order for the composite to exhibit good performance, the individual components must also do so. However, it is not obvious how the individual components contribute to the global performance. Already mentioned is that non-locally optimal strategies might lead to globally optimal performance, but also of importance is that variance observed at the local level also influences performance. A number of decisions in the transport protocol design and implementations have been made in order that the observed variance in the protocol's behaviour is minimised. It is demonstrated why this is required using the BSP model. The analysis also suggests a regression technique which can be applied to sampled global performance data.


The article deals with the situation related to access to public information, which is information of pre-trial investigation, through the mechanisms provided for by the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine. Conclusions and comments on this issue.


Very controversial is the great industrial leap as a development project to be implemented in Bolivia, the debate revolving around the contrariness of the same with the "good living" approach, yet there are substantive contradictions that go beyond a simple analysis of feasibility and economic cost involving


We report a quantitative measurement of the pressure effect on melting point elevation of encapsulated nanoparticles without epitaxial interfaces. By means of in situ x-ray diffraction, a substantial melting point elevation of about 15 K in encapsulated Al nanoparticles in Al2O3 shells without epitaxial interfaces was observed. Meanwhile, a pressure buildup of about 0.25 GPa on the Al nanoparticles was determined due to constraint of the rigid Al2O3 shell. The correlation between the measured pressure and melting point elevation in the present system verified that the observed melting point elevation is a pressure-induced phenomenon and the pressure effect on melting point for encapsulated nanoparticles follows the rule for bulk solids.


able time in a feverish state. The prognosis formed at the time was most unfavourable, as a lacerated and penetrating wound of the bladder was evident; but no inflammatory symptoms succeeded, and the patient left the hospital in a week well. The bladder having been in a state of fulness, it is almost certain the peritoneal sac had not been opened." To recur, however, to the cases of rupture occurring in the female: the cases to which I have already alluded were those of Mr. Maurice Collis and Professor Smith. The particulars of the first of these cases are as follows. " The patient, who was a woman of intemperate habits, retired to bed on the night of September 7th without relieving her bladder, and got up in the course of the night for that purpose. Not succeeding, she endeavoured to get into bed again, but fell across the footboard. She fainted at once, and was lifted into bed ; and in the morning complained of inability to pass urine, and said that she had felt something give way. On the third day after the accident, she was brought to the Meath Hospital in a state of collapse. A large male catheter was introduced, and about half a pint of urine, mixed with blood and clots, drawn off. About the same quantity trickled away afterwards, and she voluntarily passed water more than once. She died upon the following day, the fourth from the date of the in. jury. There was an ecchymosis on the front of the abdomen, where the blow had been received. Upon examination post mortem, a large transverse rent, which admitted the points of the fingers, and with ragged irregular edges, was found in the anterior wall of the bladder, which was in a contracted state. The large aperture communicated with a gangrenous cavity of considerable size in the neighbouring cellular tissue. There was a communication with the cavity of the peritoneum, which, however, contained a pint of turbid serum, and was inflamed in the vicinity of the bladder." In the case recorded by my colleague Professor R. W. Smith in the Dublin f/ournal ofMedical Science (vol. xxv), a female, aged 50, *hile in a state of intoxication, fell across the edge of a tub, ruptured the bladder, and died at the end of five days. There was a large transverse rent in the bladder, situated at its posterior and upper part, where it is covered by peritoneum.


The observation systems of earthquake-related geoelectrical mainly use the four-electrode symmetry configuration.But more and more stations are in the environment with strong interferences,especially subway and light rail.The variance of daily average of the geo-electrical resistivity is out-of-tolerance in affected monitoring stations.For this reason,lots of researchers are working on researching AC geo-resistivity observation.Owing to using the fixed frequency signal to detect geo-resistivity,human interference can be suppressed.In this paper,elucidated the theory of correlation detection technology and the application in lowfrequency AC geo-resistivity observation.Then analyzed the correlation detection method by did numerical simulation.Through the studied the results of simulation,given the key performance indicators and design parameters of observation system.This is the basis on which development of lowfrequency AC geo-resistivity observing system.


Temporal Contiguity in Cross-Situational Statistical Learning George Kachergis, Chen Yu, and Richard M. Shiffrin {gkacherg, chenyu, email@example.com Department of Psychological & Brain Science / Cognitive Science Program Bloomington, IN 47405 USA Abstract Recent research has demonstrated that participants often learn a surprising number of word-referent pairings solely from their co-occurrence statistics across individually ambiguous trials. To isolate processes, past designs prevented the same pairing from appearing in two consecutive trials. Yet such temporal contiguity often appears in real world settings, and seems likely to improve learning. The present research examines and models the effects of such repetitions. Our results show that allowing word-referent pairs to appear in adjacent trials indeed increases overall learning. Not only are the repeated pairs improved, but other pairs are improved, as well. Repetition seems to allow segregation of pairs that are and are not repeated from the previous trial, thereby allowing differential attention between the subsets. However, attention also seems to shift away from pairs that are repeated many times—to their detriment, but to the benefit of concurrent unrepeated pairs. The findings are explored with an associative learning model to provide a formal account of the underlying learning mechanisms. Keywords: statistical learning; cross-situational learning; language acquisition; ambiguity; attention word Introduction To learn a language, people must learn which words refer to which physical referents. A learner listening to a speaker needs to ascertain which objects in the shared environment are the referents intended by the speaker. Almost all occurrences of words occur in settings where there are multiple possible referents. Particularly early in learning, there will be high ambiguity concerning the correct referent. Learning nonetheless takes place because correct pairings of words and referents tend to reoccur over many situations, a phenomenon termed 'cross-situational learning' (Pinker, 1984; Gleitman, 1990). A recent proposal of interest in cognitive development implements this well-established idea using statistical learning, which has been shown to work in many distinct perceptual domains (e.g., Conway & Christiansen, 2005). In a cross-situational word learning experiment, a learner acquires word meanings by tracking the co-occurrences of multiple words and referents across situations, ultimately discovering the most likely word- referent mappings. Such statistical word learning has been observed in both infants (Smith & Yu, 2008) and adults (Yu & Smith, 2007). In typical adult studies, participants are instructed to learn which object each (novel) word denotes. They are presented with a series of study trials, each consisting of an array of several novel objects (e.g., a photograph of a metal sculpture, another of a tool, etc.) and successively spoken pseudowords (e.g., "manu", "bosa", etc.). Each pseudoword refers to a single onscreen object, but the correct referent for each pseudoword is not indicated, making referents ambiguous on individual trials. In a typical learning scenario, participants attempt to learn 18 pseudoword-object pairings from 27 12-second trials, with four pseudowords and four objects presented per trial. This configuration allows each stimulus (and hence each correct word-referent pairing) to be presented six times. One way to learn the correct pairings would involve the accumulation of pseudoword-object co-occurrence statistics across the training trials. To assess the learning that has taken place during training, each pseudoword is individually presented, and participants are asked to choose the appropriate object from a subset of the 18 objects. Yu & Smith (2007) found that adults learned an average of 9.5 of the 18 pairings when choosing from four alternative referents at test (i.e., 4AFC). Remarkably, several participants manage to learn all 18 mappings. Thus, humans can use the co-occurrences of multiple words and objects across individually ambiguous trials to learn word-object mappings. In order to isolate processes and better control the first studies of this sort (Yu & Smith, 2007), an artificial constraint was used in previous designs of cross-situational learning studies: Word-referent pairs were not allowed to appear in consecutive trials. However, such repetitions are common in real learning environments, partly because of temporal contiguity inherent in the physical environment. For instance, a visual object that a learner is attending to at one moment is quite unlikely to suddenly disappear at the next; rather, it will gradually move away from the central to the peripheral visual field, remaining in sight for some time. This temporal contiguity in the environment may aid learning in a number of ways if the cognitive system is able to make use of this regularity. For a simple example in the cross-situational paradigm, consider two successive trials on which pseudoword A and object a occurred, but all other stimuli – three other words and objects on each of the trials – differed. Assuming memory for the previous trial, the participant could infer that A-a is a correct pairing ("a" was the only repeated pseudoword, and A was the only repeated object). As a second example, consider two successive trials on which three of the four word-referent pairs are repeated (e.g., D E F and f d e appear on both trials), but the first trial contained B-b and the latter C-c. Given memory for the first trial, the participant could infer that D E F must be associated with f d e, albeit the exact pairings would remain ambiguous. Regardless of this ambiguity, it would be possible to infer that B-b must be correct and C-c must be correct, since these are the only remaining possibilities. These are just two


Introduction: Purple soymilk produced from black soybean has been reported to reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Crude palm oil (CPO) is known to have immunomodulatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and immunomodulatory potential of purple soymilk enriched with CPO microcapsule (PSPOM) in T2DM respondents. Methods: A total of 25 T2DM patients from Katili clinic and Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia were recruited by purposive cluster sampling, and divided into control and test groups. The test group consumed PSPOM, made up of 240 mL of purple soymilk with 0.4 g CPO microcapsule, containing 295.24 μg carotenoid/g capsule daily for 4 weeks. Blood sample of 2 mL was collected from each subject before and after the intervention. Dietary intakes were assessed using the 24-h food recall method. Results: When compared between the start and end of the intervention, the test group showed significant mean decreases in fasting blood glucose from 177.20 ± 93.55 to 154.87 ± 71.13 mg/dL, and in HbA1c from 0.29 ± 0.07 to 0.26 ± 0.06 OD450. The test group also showed a mean increase of IL-6 level from 0.23 ± 0.04 to 0.25 ± 0.06 OD450 , and significant increases in the level of insulin from 0.18 ± 0.05 to 0.21 ± 0.07 OD450 over the same duration. Results also showed increases of CD4+ from 563.13 ± 194.62 to 679.95 ± 278.86 cell/μL blood, and CD8+ T cells from 317.91 ± 105.40 to 343.74 ± 162.27 86 cell/μL blood during the intervention period. Conclusion: Consumption of PSPOM in this study showed potential antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activities in T2DM respondents. Further studies should be undertaken to confirm these results.


Abstract : The procedures and results of extensive pre and postshot aerial photographic coverage by naval aircraft are described and evaluated. Objectives were to use high performance photo aircraft to document pre and post shot ground zero area conditions to provide aerial photographs for immediate onsite use in operations and to determine the unique advantages, if any, of this type of photographic coverage. One preshot and three postshot photo missions were run over the ground zero area by flights of two supersonic F8U-1P (Crusader) jet aircraft of the Pacific Fleet. During each mission, black and white, infra-red and color films were ex-posed. Missions were initially limited to coverage of the immediate crater area but later expanded in area to include the extensive up-wind and cross-wind base surge deposition area.


Practicum in a given host company provides an opportunity for Business students to practice and enhance their knowledge and skills that can likely promote their motivation and later marketability. In doing the practicum, students are not only considered as learners, but they are also regarded as workers in the job force. Many students might need support from their universities as well as from the supporting system in the host companies. The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' satisfaction with their practicum programs and the individual and organizational factors that would affect it. Participants were 269 (68 males and 201 females) sophomore and junior undergraduate Business students from a university of southern Vietnam. Each completed a survey collected after they finished their practicum which consists of demographic information, questions about the organizational factors (19 items), individual factors (20 items), and overall practicum satisfaction (4 items). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and deleted 6 items to achieve convergent and discriminant validity. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the potential mediating effects of organizational factors on the relationship between individual factors and Practicum satisfaction. Results showed the direct effect between individual factors and Practicum satisfaction. A further multi-group analysis found a similar pattern of the path on females and males. The results suggest the student's knowledge and skills are crucial factors which related to their practicum satisfaction, organizational factors, on the other hand, are positively correlated with individual factors, however, do not affect their practicum satisfaction.


Based on a hybrid algorithm incorporating the heat conduction and probability spreading processes (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 107 (2010) 4511), in this letter, we propose an improved method by introducing an item-oriented function, focusing on solving the dilemma of the recommendation accuracy between the cold and popular items. Differently from previous works, the present algorithm does not require any additional information (e.g., tags). Further experimental results obtained in three real datasets, RYM, Netflix and MovieLens, show that, compared with the original hybrid method, the proposed algorithm significantly enhances the recommendation accuracy of the cold items, while it keeps the recommendation accuracy of the overall and the popular items. This work might shed some light on both understanding and designing effective methods for long-tailed online applications of recommender systems.


A three-degree-of-freedom measurement system for the acquisition of the straightness and roll errors of a moving linear stage is described. The horizontal (Δx) and vertical (Δy) straightness errors are obtained by measuring the lateral displacement of a triple prism with a laser beam and position sensitive detectors. From two simultaneously performed vertical straightness measurements the roll angle (Θz) can be calculated. The system consists of a cable-free reflector head and a detector head. The position sensitive detectors have been calibrated using a precision x,y-stage equipped with two plane mirror interferometers. Different position sensitive detectors are compared with regard to position sensitivity, linearity, null-shift stability and sensitivity to the intensity profile of the detected laser beam. In combination with an already known triple-beam plane mirror interferometer, additional information about the linear position (Δz) and the pitch (Θx) and yaw (Θy) angle can be obtained from three parallel linear measurements. Thus all six-degree-of-freedom geometric errors can be measured simultaneously. Systematic errors of the three-degree-of-freedom measurement due to misalignment of the laser beams and geometric errors of the triple reflectors are discussed. An approach for correction of those errors caused by the triple reflectors is shown. The method is based on determination of the reflector geometry and calculation using the additional information (Δz) acquired by the interferometer. Furthermore the metrological properties of the proposed system for the measurement of straightness and roll are compared to other measurement principles. Experimental results demonstrate the measurement capabilities of the system.


Supervisors: Kerry T.B. MacQuarrie, Ph.D., Department of Civil Engineering Karl E. Butler, Ph.D., Department of Earth Sciences Examining Board: Katy A. Haralampides, Ph.D., Department of Civil Engineering Serban Danielescu, Ph.D., Department of Civil Engineering, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Fan-Rui Meng, Ph.D., Department of Forestry and Environmental Management


OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the intensity of use of antibiotics and the drug resistance so as to guide the reasonable use of antibiotics.METHODS Totally 5284strains of gram-negative bacteria isolated from sputum specimens from Jul 1st 2007 to Dec 31st 2011were included in the study;by referring to the National inspection and technical operation,the bacterial identification of the drug susceptibility testing were performed by using the automated microbial analyzer,then the DDDs was calculated,and the intensity of use of antibiotics during the same period was analyzed.RESULTS The A.baumannii strains were highly resistant to almost all the antibiotics,with drug resistance rate to amikacin in the past four years varying between 3.9% and 18.3%,however,the drug resistant rate reached up to 51.5%in the current year;the drug resistance rate to cefoperazone/sulbactam during the past four years varied between 4.9% and 16.1%and deceased to 1.3% in the current year;the drug resistance rates to the rest of antibiotics were over 60.0%.The intensity of use of levofloxacin ranked the first place,etimicin the second place,cefoperazone/sulbactam the third place.CONCLUSIONThe drug resistance rate of the A.baumannii strains to amikacin shows a significant upward trend,which may be associated with the clone strains transferring from outside of the hospital;the drug resistance to other antibiotics is related to the intensity of use of antibiotics.


Abstract Industrial hyaluronic acid (HA) production comprises either fermentation with Streptococcus strains or extraction from rooster combs. The hard‐to‐control product quality is an obstacle to these processes. Enzymatic syntheses of HA were developed to produce high‐molecular‐weight HA with low dispersity. To facilitate enzyme recovery and biocatalyst re‐use, here the immobilization of cascade enzymes onto magnetic beads was used for the synthesis of uridine‐5'‐diphosphate‐α‐d‐N‐acetyl‐glucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc), UDP‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA), and HA. The combination of six enzymes in the UDP‐sugar cascades with integrated adenosine‐5'‐triphosphate‐regeneration reached yields between 60 and 100 % for 5 repetitive batches, proving the productivity. Immobilized HA synthase from Pasteurella multocida produced HA in repetitive batches for three days. Combining all seven immobilized enzymes in a one‐pot synthesis, HA production was demonstrated for three days with a HA concentration of up to 0.37 g L−1, an average M W of 2.7–3.6 MDa, and a dispersity of 1.02–1.03.


The researches about traditional Chinese medicine on senile dementia(also known as Alzheimer's disease, AD) have been deep into the cells, protein and gene level. Ef ective component of traditional Chinese medicine extracts has made up of multiple compounds, Chinese herbal monomer extracts are facing with perplexity and controversy, but the mechanism study of these in treating AD is deepening gradually. All of intervention studies in vivo and in vitro are aimed at hypothesis for the pathogenesis of AD, such as β-amyloid cascade theory, cholinergic hypothesis, oxidative stress, calcium metabolism disorder, and so on, which shows superiority in the medication of multi-factorial, multi-target action.


Cereal grains are the most important staple foods for mankind worldwide. The constantly increasing annual production and yield is matched by demand for cereals, which is expected to increase drastically along with the global population growth. A critical food safety and quality issue is to minimize the microbiological contamination of grains as it affects cereals both quantitatively and qualitatively. Microorganisms present in cereals can affect the safety, quality, and functional properties of grains. Therefore, it is essential to reduce cereal grain contamination to the minimum to ensure safety both for human and animal consumption. Current production of cereals relies heavily on pesticides input; however, numerous harmful effects on human health and on the environment highlight the need for more sustainable pest management and agricultural methods.


Abstract NEAT is a multichopper time-of-flight spectrometer for inelastic neutron scattering at medium and very low energy and momentum transfers, including inelastic small-angle scattering (e.g. quasielastic or Brillouin scattering). NEAT was commissioned early in 1995 and is in continuous operation for experiments at the Hahn-Meitner-Institut (HMI) since May 1995. Its basic conception is derived from that of the INS spectrometer at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble. The further development at the Berlin Neutron Scattering Center (BENSC) has, however, led to a number of modifications yielding a significant improvement of this type of instrument. As a result, the duration of an experiment with given energy resolution carried out with NEAT is quite comparable to that of a similar INS-experiment, in spite of the fact that the thermal neutron flux of the BER-II reactor at HMI is inferior to that of the Grenoble high-flux reactor by an order of magnitude.


There has been a broad resurgence in word-based approaches and the reconceptualization of classical 'word and paradigm' (WP) approaches as general models of morphological analysis. WP models are well adapted to the description and analysis of complex morphological patterns, most transparently clear in inflection. Modern WP models demonstrate how morphological organization is fundamentally implicational: the central role of words (and paradigms) reflects their predictive value in a morphological system. Understanding the nature of morphological organization, within and across languages, requires exploration of the fundamental elements of implicational relations. Descriptively this involves identifying the internal structure of words and the ways this structure facilitates an external organization into patterns of relatedness. Theoretically, it is necessary to identify analytic tools appropriate for specifying and quantifying word-internal and word-external organization. This type of analytic approach encourages the investigation of the types of learning theories that may play a role in determining the patterns observed to occur and thereby help to explain their learnability.


This paper is about policy agenda and climate policies in Sweden. It examines why the alternative of a meat tax isn't placing on the Swedish policy agenda. The study uses John W. Kingdon's theory on agenda change presented in his book Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies, to analyze why a meat tax isn't seriously considered as a climate policy to reduce GHG-emissions from meat consumption. The paper examines how the issue of emissions and alternative of a meat tax are framed by media, public bureaus, interest groups, academics and political parties. Emissions from meat consumption are beginning to be defined as problematic by more and more actors, but there is still a large unawareness about the effects of meat consumption on climate. There isn't a political will to introduce a tax on meat in order to reduce emissions and there is a lack of policy entrepreneurs to connect the alternative with climate policies and to initiate a bargaining process in the political stream, for a window of opportunity to open up. The alternative seems to be going through a softening up process, but is unlikely to be realized in the short-run. (Less)


We evaluated the influence of the IL8 T‐738A (nonidentified rs), IL8 T‐353A (rs4073), IL17A G197A (rs2275913), and IL17F T7488C (rs763780) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms on leprosy. The AA genotype of IL8 T‐353A was observed as a risk factor for multibacillary leprosy, regardless of gender and age‐of‐onset of disease, considering the recessive model (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1–13.5; P, 0.023). Furthermore, the AA genotype of IL17A G197A was associated with leprosy type 1 reaction (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.1; P, 0.026) when compared to the group without reaction, which was adjusted for gender and age‐of‐onset of disease by the model log additive. These results indicate association of IL8 and IL17A polymorphisms with the progression to multibacillary leprosy and with the type 1 reaction, respectively.


Authors' objectives To perform a systematic review of the efficacy of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds (oral and topical) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), in the acute phase for inducing remission and for the prevention of relapses or recurrences. Also, to evaluate the influence of several factors (such as dosage schedule, disease localisation and type of formulation) on the efficacy of 5-ASA therapy in IBD.


Contribution shows the possibility of the geotouris m development in Levo ca Hills in the part of former military district Javorina, t hat was closed for the half of century. Identification of point, line and area obj ects is the base for the direction for further development of this area. Contribution also emphasizes the significance of starting communities for the milita ry district Javorina.


Objective: A descriptive review of the visuo-spatial hemineglect associated with strokes. Most relevant clinical and theoretical aspects are addressed and th...


IT has long been recognized that Brook Farm in its inception was either something more or something less than just another experiment in communism similar to those of the Owenites, the Fourierites, the St. Simonians, the Shakers, and the Moravians. ZoltAn Haraszti believes that Ripley read Albert Brisbane's exposition of Fourier's scheme, The Social Destiny of Man, before Brook Farm was founded, but he admits that the West Roxbury reformers "had their own ideas of Utopia."'1 In his History of American Socialisms John Humphrey Noyes states that "the beginnings of the excitement about Fourierism may have secretly affected Dr. Channing and the transcendentalists," yet he declares Brook Farm as originally conceived "not a Fourier formation at all, but an American seedling. It was the child of New England Unitarianism." 2 George Willis Cooke observes that the common table was about the only "communistic" feature of Ripley's settlement during the first two years of its existence.3 It was a joint-stock company. Individual ownership of property was not restricted. Every member, female as well as male, had a voice in the management. Everyone either paid board or worked for his board, and a uniform wage of one dollar per day was paid for all types of labor. Houses were built for individual occupancy, though there were also dormitories. Orestes Brownson, transcendentalist and frequent visitor at Brook Farm, stated that, although Ripley was well acquainted with all socialistic tracts from Plato's to Fourier's, the West Roxbury undertaking in 1841 and 1842 was not patterned after any previously existing community.4


Methods: GRADE was used to evaluate 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for routine use among immunocompromised adults. Evidence of benefits, harms, values and preferences, and cost-effectiveness were reviewed in accordance with GRADE methods. 1 The primary policy question was "Should PCV13 be administered routinely to adults with immunocompromising conditions?" For consistency, evidence for both PPSV23 (recommended for use since 1983) and PCV13 w ere evaluated by applying the GRADE framework. Due to the limited body of evidence on vaccine efficacy and safety among persons with most immunocompromising conditions, both vaccines were evaluated using data for HIV-infected adults. Additionally, studies with 7-valent p neumococcal c onjugate v accine (PCV7) were used as a proxy when no PCV13 studies were available; PCV7 has the same formulation as PCV13 but contains 6 fewer antigens. The benefits considered critical outcomes in GRADE included prevention of death, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumococcal pneumonia, hospitalizations due to pneumococcal disease, and vaccine-induced immunogenicity was considered an important outcome. The harms considered were serious adverse events and systemic adverse events. Evidence type for each critical or important outcome was derived through a review of study design, risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision.


Abstract functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been increasingly used to assess changes in the hemodynamic response during active walking in aging and disease populations. Key findings revealed that HbO2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) increased from single-task-walk (STW) to dual-task-walk (DTW) due to the greater cognitive demands inherent in the latter condition. However, previous studies utilized a limited and inconsistent number of algorithms and filters to remove artifacts from fNIRS-derived brain activation data. Critically, there is no gold standard for artifact removal at the present time, which reduces replicability and generalizability. To address this critical limitation, we have reanalyzed a large dataset of older adults (n=83) who underwent our walking protocol by using different hemodynamic conversion parameters (molar extinction coefficients and age and wavelength dependent differential pathlength factors) and applying different filters having various cut-off frequencies for artifact removal. On the extracted hemodynamic responses, namely oxygenated-hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated-hemoglobin (Hb), linear mixed effect model results indicated that task effects showed similar significant increases in HbO2 from STW to DTW (range of effect sizes was 0.59 to 0.64) and as well as the expected decline in Hb from STW to DTW (range of effect sizes was 0.18 to 0.32) irrespective of the methods used. In addition, the intraclass correlations suggested excellent reliability across methods (HbO2 range = 0.982 to 0.996; Hb range = 0.883 to 0.984). In conclusion, these findings provide strong support to previously published articles but also highlight the need to establish a gold standard for fNIRS processing.


Plasma drug quantification has a potential role as a biomarker of TB treatment adherence, but utility of short half-life drugs such as linezolid (1) for adherence monitoring may be limited due to rapid plasma clearance and inability to capture long-term dosing.….


Abstract : Several proposed methods for treating the momentum flux between drifting sea ice and the underlying ocean are interpreted in terms of simple planetary-boundary-layer (PBL) turbulence theory. The classical two-layer approach, in which the solution for a thin surface layer is matched to an Ekman solution for the outer layer, is used to derive several forms of the drag law. These forms range from linear (where stress is proportional to relative speed), through quadratic (where stress is proportional to relative speed squared), to a Rossby-similarity law like that used to express frictional drag on geostrophic wind in the atmosphere. Only formulations which conform with Rossby-similarity scaling are consistent with free-drift data from the 1975 AIDJEX drift station experiment.


Although strobilurins are one of the most effective and broad spectrum classes of systemic fungicides, they may also increase plant stress tolerance by modulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes. To address this issue, the effect of azoxystrobin (Az) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and on the concentrations of antioxidant metabolites and oxidative stress-related compounds was studied in rice plants (cv. Metica-1) either inoculated or not with Bipolaris oryzae, the causal agent of brown spot (BS). The Az minimally affected the enzyme activities, but consistently increased the glutathione reduced (GSH) concentrations in the noninoculated plants. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase were increased upon B. oryzae infection, but such increases were greatly limited in the Az-sprayed plants. Catalase activity decreased in the inoculated plants compared to the noninoculated plants regardless of fungicide treatment. The GSH concentration increased in response to the B. oryzae infection, and the Az-sprayed plants sustained higher levels of GSH at advanced stages of fungal infection than did the nonsprayed plants. The inoculated plants exhibited an extensive oxidative stress as evidenced by higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde compared to the noninoculated plants, but lower and later increases were recorded in the Az-sprayed plants than in the nonsprayed plants. Therefore, Az greatly reduces B. oryzae-induced oxidative stress by limiting BS development rather than by activating antioxidant enzymes. The GSH, however, seems to be Az-modulated, and this may partially explain the constrained oxidative stress observed in the Az-sprayed plants.


Experimental investigations of the possibilities of a combined detector for ionising radiation using synchronous measurements of thermostimulated exoelectron emission (TSE) and luminescence (TSL) are described. The investigations were carried out on monocrystalline aluminium oxide irradiated by X rays and gamma radiation.


The inherent feature of high heat input of multi-wire submerged-arc welding(SAW) is liable to cause deterioration of micro-structure and mechanical properties in the weld and heated affected zone(HAZ), coarsening and embrittlement of the coarse grain zone and the critical coarse grain zone, HAZ softening of high-strength line pipe steels such as X80, X100 and X120. Through analysis and discussion on single power source twin fine wire SAW process, it is concluded that the rational application of this technique in multi-wire SAW production can further increase the wire deposition rate, welding speed,especially can significantly reduce the welding heat input. It has great significance for improving the thermal cycle of the weld and HAZ, grain refinement and toughness.


Cluster analysis is a principal method in analytics domain of data mining. The algorithm used for clustering directly influences the results obtained from applying the clustering algorithm (clusters). Data clustering is done in order to identify the patterns and trends not identifiable from just looking at the data. Clustering may be supervised (if the machine training data set is available) or unsupervised (if the machine training data set is not available). Unsupervised clustering is usually done using k-Means Algorithm (using any distance, the most common being Euclidean and Manhattan Distance). The drawback of k-means algorithm for a large set are the rigorous calculations that need to be done to cluster a data set into multiple data subsets for every single iteration, thereby limiting its efficiency and use for large data sets. We propose a range based single pass clustering algorithm that clusters data on the basis of the range which it falls in, where the ranges are calculated using simple arithmetic mean between two values. The proposed algorithm is compared against the standard k-means algorithm (using Euclidean Distance and Manhattan Distance).


Two small outbreaks of epidemic diarrhoea and vomiting which occurred in Cornwall during 1946 are described below; they supply presumptive evidence of the incubation period and mode of spread of the disease, and, further, that given favourable soil the condition can prove fatal. A review of the literature is included in an attempt to analyse the similarities and differences between "epidemic nausea and vomiting," "epidemic diarrhoea and vomiting," and " endemic diarrhoea and vomiting of newborn babies."


The job of a technical teacher is considered in the context of the term "Profession". Can technical teaching/teaching in higher education, be termed as a profession? An attempt is made to find out what exactly is a profession and to answer the question whether technical teaching is a profession. Views of two educationists, Myron Liberman (1956) and D,: P M. Sapre (2004) are presented and the main characteristics of a profession are worked out. In the light of this, it is shown that technical teaching cannot be granted the status of a profession. If so, why should we go in a professional status and how this can be done, has been elaborated by citing two examples, one of a NGO- the IGIP i.e. the International Society of Engineering Education (Switzerland) and another of a State Government - State of South Dakota of U.S.A. In conclusion, a question has been posed whether, we in India, operating in the field of Engineering Education, should go in for a professional status and if so how? The author had tried to answer this question.


In article on the basis of the analysis domestic and the foreign scientific literature person F. Franko is covered: becoming as persons, the attitude to events in Spain within the second republic (1931-1939), a role during Civil war of 1936-1939, activity as diplomat and the head of the state during the Second world war.


The community fitness environment construction is the primary coverage of the community sports.The community fitness environment evaluation takes community sports development as its main purpose.On the basis of expounding the concept of community fitness environment and analyzing its structure,the paper analyzes the content and basic features of evaluation of community fitness environment,and puts forward the fundamental idea of evaluation of community fitness environment combined with taking human being as dominant factor,promoting harmonious development of community,diversity,laying stress on local feature and so on.The evaluation system of community sports and fitness environment is ready to be established in four respects: venue facility,ecological environment,comprehensive management and fitness atmosphere.


Many Studies have been carried out to deal with effects of floods on aquatic plant diversity of fresh water lakes. But no attention has been paid to understanding the effects of droughts on the diversity up to now. Changhu is the third largest lake (fresh water) in Hubei Province of China. It has many kinds of functions, such as store of flood water, irrigation, aquaculture, water transportation, and so on. Combinating Transect Sampling Method with Geographical Information System Technique (GIS) and Global Position System Technique (GPS), the authors studied the effects of a drought on aquatic plant diversity of the lake by comparing the aquatic plant diversity of the lake in 2000 (a drought year) with that in 1999 (a usual year). The function mechanisms of the drought on the aquatic plant diversity were also discussed by the authors. The main results are given as follows: (1) The drought had almost no effects on species diversity of aquatic plant, but increased the number of dominant species of the aquatic vegetation in the lake from 12 to 14. (2) The number of aquatic plant associations increased from 14 in 1999 to 18 in 2000. Species diversity indices of the associations by Shannon-Wiener Index and Simpson Index also remarkably increased under the drought condition. (3) The drought significantly enhanced the vegetation coverage from 45.15% in 1999 to 66.48% in 2000 and mean biomass per square meter in the whole lake from 1039.1g/m2 in 1999 to 1904.8g/m2 in 2000. (4) Under the drought condition in 2000, the emergent vegetation disappeared from the lake, but both the floating-leaved vegetation and submerged vegetation expanded greatly, from 3.71% and 41.32% in 1999 to 12.63% and 53.84% in 2000, respectively (the percentage here means the ratio of the floating-leaved vegetation area or submerged vegetation area to the whole lake area). (5) Both the growth and development of aquatic plants in the lake were accelerated by the drought. It was found that all the turion germination percentage of Potamogeton crispus, the shoot length of young plants of the species, and the ratio of yellow leaves of Trapa incisa to its total leaves in July 2000 were much greater than those during the same period in 1999. (6) It was concluded that the improvement of aquatic plant diversity in the drought year was mainly due to increasing of the light intensity which aquatic plants could get and increasing of the temperature in water body.


A new group of ABO_3-type lead-free piezoelectric ceramics,[Bi_(0.5)(Na_(1-x)Ag_x)_(0.5)]_(1-y)Ba_yTiO_3,were developed,and the corresponding invention patent was applied.In the new system,the A-site ions in Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3 solid solution are partially substituted by silver ion and barium ion.This system provides a high piezoelectric performance: d_(33)=168 pC/N,k_p=0.31 when x=0.06,y=0.06.And the samples doped with moderate amount of manganese could increase the mechanical quality factor Q_m and reduce the dielectric loss tan δ simultaneously.The ceramics were synthesized by the conventional ceramic sintering technique in the electronic factory and the preparing techniques are very stable and convenient.


The present invention comprises a continuously variable drive pulley. The pulley comprises at least one member axially movable pulley, the pulley member and a second coaxial pulley member. Each pulley member (31,32,33,34) has a series of axially and radially aligned radial slots (29, 30). Radial grooves are arranged in pairs between each pulley member. Seat belt plate (26) bridged between the pulley member, each plate having an arcuate seat belt two opposite ends, a pair of grooves engaged with said end portion slidably. Around the belt pulley surrounds the seat plate are arranged in the axial direction of the center line. Each belt further seat plate having a surface for receiving a multi-ribbed V-belt (20). At least one elastic member (24, 25) around the seat belt plate, in order to control their relative positions, and that they remain in contact with the pulley groove when the pulley is rotated. When the movable sheave moves in the axial direction, each of the seat belt in its respective slot plate moves radially, to increase or decrease the effective diameter of the pulley.


Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Methods:The clinical data of 16 patients with ARDS was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of 16 patients with ARDS,12 cases cured,4 cases died.Conclusions:Once the diagnosis of ARDS is considered,integrated treatment which mechanical ventilation as the center should be immediately given.


Aortic stenosis (AS), a late complication of thoracic radiation therapy for chest lesions, is often coincident with porcelain aorta or hostile thorax. We herein report a 59-year-old man with a history of mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma treated with radiation therapy but later presenting with heart failure caused by severe AS. Severe calcification in the mediastinum and around the ascending aorta made it difficult to perform surgical aortic valve replacement. The patient therefore underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). It is important to recognize radiation-induced AS early, now that TAVI is a well-established treatment required by increasing numbers of successfully treated cancer patients.


In comparison to high‐field NMR, zero‐field techniques offer advantages in terms of spectral interpretability in studies of polycrystalline or amorphous solids. This article describes a technique and apparatus for time‐domain measurements of nuclear magnetism in the absence of applied fields (Fourier transform zero‐field NMR and NQR). Magnetic field cycling and high field detection are employed to enhance sensitivity. The field cycling is accomplished with an air‐driven shuttle system which moves the sample between regions of high and low magnetic field, in combination with switchable electromagnets in the low‐field region. Sudden field steps or pulses are used to initiate coherent nuclear spin evolution in zero field and to monitor such evolution as a function of time. Experimental results are shown and analyzed. Possible variations on the basic method are described and their relative advantages are discussed.


In this paper, a new object-based wavelet fusion technique is presented for the fusion of multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images to improve spatial information and preserve spectral information. The basic idea is to build a segmented label image by statistical region merging and minimum heterogeneity rule (SRMMHR) segmentation method to guide the object-based image fusion (OBIF). There are three key techniques of the OBIF method including SRMMHR segmentation, Mallat's and à trous wavelet transformation, and fusion rule based on object energy. The results demonstrate that the new OBIF methods based on wavelet and PCA are better comparing with pixel-based image fusion methods such as Mallat's, à trous, Mallat's PCA, à trous PCA. * Corresponding author. Email: email@example.com.


Yield decline is a major constraint in the adoption of continuous cropping of aerobic rice. Therefore, monocropping system of aerobic rice should be avoided and crop rotation should be encouraged. The objective of this study was to examine if fallow and rotation with flooded rice and upland crops can reverse the yield decline of continuous aerobic rice. A long-term field experiment was conducted from 2001 dry season (DS) at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farm and a severe yield decline was observed when aerobic rice has been grown continuously. The yields of aerobic rice after two-season fallow and after three-season flooded rice were significantly higher than that of continuous aerobic rice. The effects of fallow and rotation with flooded rice on yield improvement were attributed to higher total biomass production, larger sink size (spikelet m -2 ), and greater 1000grain weight. Increases in yield response to N application and soil water holding capacity and decrease in 0-10 cm soil bulk density of aerobic rice after fallow and rotation with flooded rice were observed. Aerobic rice yielded more after two seasons of upland crops than after two seasons of fallow. Our experiments suggest that crop rotation and fallow could be used to reverse the yield decline of continuous aerobic rice. Studies on the mechanisms of the effects of crop rotation and fallow on yield improvement of aerobic rice will help to find the causes of yield decline due to the monocropping of aerobic rice.


The recent state of technological development in the countries that have joined deep-ocean mining since the '90s is reviewed in terms of readiness for the development of a commercial mining technology. Previous R&D work performed on deep-ocean mining technology and systems is used as a baseline for review. The review includes discussions on most of the technical issues that have been already identified in the literature for manganese nodule production system design. While recent technological developments do not yet appear to identify new issues, it is likely that more issues remain to be identified and solved. The realization of a costeffective commercial deep-ocean mining system will take much longer than is claimed. The commercialization of deep-ocean resources would require a pool of experts, technical innovation and cost-effective technology, plus costand technology-sharing among the countries and/or companies. More clearly defined guidelines or regulations at the early stages can save time and cost for the system and technological development for commercialization. More importantly, a decision needs to be made to build on previous achievements and move forward, thus also saving time and funds. This paper follows Chung (1999). ___________ *The ISOPE assumes no responsibility for the statements expressed by the author. DEEP-OCEAN MINERALS OF INTEREST Our primary minerals of present interest in the deep seafloor are manganese nodules and cobalt-rich manganese crusts, the former from a depth of 800 to 3,000 m, and the latter from a depth of 3,000 to 6,000 m. Essential metals from the nodules and crusts are for use in steel, aircraft, military equipment, machinery and cutting tools. PREVIOUS DEVELOPMENTS One of the greatest technological innovations in ship and deep-ocean technology of this century is the deep-ocean mining system with the Hughes Glomar Explorer (Fig. 1): A huge "moon pool" (270 ft or 82.3 m long) can be opened and closed in the bottom of the ship hull in the middle of the ocean. It deploys and retrieves a large, remotely controlled, self-propelled seafloor miner with 6,000-m long-pipe system through the moon pool for operation on the 6,000-m-deep seafloor. Its pipe handling and deployment are automated. What was done in the '70s? The U.S.-based international consortia carried out their R&D programs in the '70s as private enterprises and claimed their respective manganese nodule areas in the Pacific Ocean. Most of what we have heard regarding the deep-ocean mining technologies and systems for exploration, nodule recovery and processing took place in the '70s. These data are kept proprietary, and most of the data or documents have not been made available to the public. Most of the claims of deep-ocean mining R&D by the international consortia are made orally, with little documented proof made available in the public domain. The Lockheed−Dutch Shell-Amoco−Bos Khalis Consortium (OMCO, Ocean Minerals Co.), OMCO/Lockheed. Lockheed /OMCO developed large-scale test mining system(s) with the Hughes Glomar Explorer and conducted at-sea tests in the Pacific Ocean in 1976 and 1978 (Figs. 1 and 6). Also, it conducted exploration surveys and processing research. Further, the Lockheed/OMCO team developed a Proceedings of The Fifth (2003) Ocean Mining Symposium Tsukuba, Japan, September 15-19, 2003 Copyright © 2003 by The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers ISBN 1-880653-61-3


This research is an International political economy study explaining the role of an International trade organization or rather an International trade regime better known as the world trade organization. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was officially established on January 1, 1995, the trading system itself has existed since 1948, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). From 1948 to 1994 the GATT system contained regulations on world trade and resulted in the highest International trade growth. GATT as the organization and regulations produced are still temporary.The World Trade Organization (WTO) as an International trade regime is expected to bridge all the world's interests in the world in the trade sector through mutually agreed terms. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is proposed to produce mutually beneficial conditions so that all countries can benefit. The World Trade Organization (WTO) launched a model of trade where trade activities between countries are expected to run smoothly.This study uses the perspective of Neoliberalism which views that the state is not one of the actors who play a role in International Relations in International dispute settlement there are International organizations in the settlement. Neoliberalism is a theory in International relations that describes concepts of rationality, and contract, and focuses on the role of institutions and organizations in International politics. Neoliberalism reduces state intervention in the economy to be replaced by markets, and markets serve as one system for regulating the economy and at the same time the only benchmark for judging the success of government policy.


In order to accurately grasp the thermal characteristics of 300 MW Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB) boilers,analysis and comparison were made for the thermal characteristics of three typical types of 300 MW CFB boiler in China in view of heat transfer mechanism and calculation of furnace and external heat exchanger.Results show that the thermal characteristic of all three types of boiler can meet the requirement of the steam parameters and the heat load distribution is reasonable.


We have developed a fluorescence lifetime based energy transfer sensor for detecting copper(II) ions. Rhodamine 800 in Nafion selectively transfers its energy to copper ions when excited at 670 nm. By fitting to the fluorescence decay we can resolve copper concentrations in water down to the level of 10 ppb. Time-correlated single-photon counting is used for detection. Good discrimination against interference by cobalt, nickel and chromium ions is obtained by virtue of the reduced spectral overlap of these ions as compared to copper. Possibilities for an energy transfer sensor for both copper(I) and copper(II) ions are discussed. Application of the theory of resonance energy transfer is investigated for use in sensor matrices using a range of donors and acceptors and the appropriateness of current models discussed.


In this paper, the summer air conditioning cooling load of a university teaching building in Beijing is analyzed by orthogonal experiment and DeST energy consumption simulation method, and the primary and secondary relationship and significance level of the factors affecting cooling load are obtained, which can provide energy-saving design Focus. At the same time, through regression analysis of the test results, the summer cooling load prediction equation of the teaching building is obtained, and the error analysis of the equation is performed to verify the linear correlation of the equation. The prediction equation can be used to quickly and simply evaluate and analyze the effects of different design strategies on teaching the influence of building summer cooling load.


No Pain, No GPR139 Signaling? A forward genetic screen using the worm Caenorhabditis elegans implicated the G protein–coupled receptor 139 in suppressing signaling by the mu opioid receptor. Furthe...


Author(s): Chobpattana, Varistha | Advisor(s): Stemmer, Susanne | Abstract: Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors are being aggressively scaled, reaching the fundamental limits of silicon. Due to their much higher electron mobilities, III-V semiconductors are being considered as alternative channel materials to potentially replace Si. This requires the integration of high dielectric constant (high-k) oxides with III-V semiconductor layers, which is the most significant challenge to achieve high performance of III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Large interface trap densities, inherent to these interfaces, degrade the transistor performance.In this dissertation, we utilize in-situ atomic layer deposition (ALD) combined with surface passivation techniques to reduce the interface traps densities between high-k oxides and III-V semiconductors to obtain highly scaled, low defect density interfaces. Cycles of hydrogen and/or nitrogen plasmas and metal-organic precursors were applied directly onto n- and p type In0.53Ga0.47As surfaces before high-k oxide ALD. The high-k oxides investigated include Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2, and TiO2. We examined the electrical characteristics of MOS capacitors (MOSCAPs), surface morphology of the surface, and chemical components of the interface. High quality interfaces of high-k oxide and n-type In0.53Ga0.47As with low interface trap densities (Dit) of 1012 eV-1 cm-2, low leakage current density, and high capacitance densities gate stacks (g5 uF/cm2) were achieved by the optimized cycles of nitrogen plasma+tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (TDMAT) ALD surface cleaning. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the interface region indicates that the removing As-oxides, sub-oxides, and As-As bonding are responsible for decreasing frequency dispersion in the midgap region of the n-type In0:53Ga0:47As, reducing midgap Dit, and unpinning Fermi level. The modied interface chemistry from Al2O3 to TiO2 leads to lower frequency dispersion in accumulation. The highly polarized TiO2 layer produces dipole, which serves to increase barrier height between oxide and semiconductor, controlling leakage current issue. Optimized plasma condition to the specific III-V surface creates rapid and complete coverage interface layer on the III-V surface and increases nucleation density for the high quality surface, which allows for the growth of extremely scaled high-k oxide directly on III-V channels. High quality interface also prevents subcutaneous oxidation. Different conditions of p-type In0.53Ga0.47As surface passivation were investigated. Unpinned Fermi level on p type In0.53Ga0.47As surface was achieved. Comparison of electrical characteristics between n- and p-type In0.53Ga0.47As MOSCAPs are presented. Different surface plasma treatment is needed for p-type In0.53Ga0.47As for achieving high quality interface.


Cardiovascular diseases – the main result of the generalized atherosclerosis are the leading cause of global mortality all over the world [1,2]. The number of atherosclerotic diseases an ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease increases every year [1]. Possibly, due to increase in the population age, better health care and improved survival the prevalence of heart diseases is still so high [3]. The cardiovascular mortality in the most developed countries also is very high [2,3]. About half of all deaths occures due to cardiovascular diseases, it's an over 4,35 million deaths each year in the 53 member states of the World Health Organization European Region and more than 1,9 million deaths each year in the European Union [2]. Moreover there is a 35 billion euros damage due to working people production loss regarding to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [2]. The cardiovascular mortality is still a problem not only in the European Union, but in the other developed countries as well. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease was the most common cause of death in the United States in 2004. Men were more often affected, than women by a ratio of 4:1 and after age of 70 by ratio 1:1 [4]. In 2000 about 37 % of death in Canada were due to cardiovascular diseases [3]. They are still the main cause of mortality in Lithuania, as in the older Western European countries as well [5,6]. At the last decade, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Lithuania has not declined (Figure 1) [7,8].


Joseph M. Belth, Ph.D., C.L.U., C.P.C.U., is Associate Professor of Insurance in Indiana University's Graduate School of Business, and is Communications Editor of this Journal. Formerly Assistant Director of Continuing Education for the American College of Life Underwriters and the American Society of Chartered Life Underwriters, and a former life insurance agent, Dr. Belth graduated summa cum laude from Syracuse University, and did his graduate work at the University of Pennsylvania under a Huebner Foundation fellowship. He is a frequent contributor to this Journal, and is a three time recipient of one of its N.A.I.I. awards. Dr. Belth is author of Participating Life Insurance Sold by Stock Companies (1965). E. J. Leverett, Jr., M.B.A., is Assistant Professor of Insurance in the University of Georgia's College of Business Administration. He is a candidate for a D.B.A. degree in Indiana University's Graduate School of Business and studied under an H. B. Earhart Foundation fellowship. Mr. Leverett operated an insurance agency for ten years before resuming his studies at North Texas State University, where he received his M.B.A. degree in 1962. He has taught at North Texas State University and Indiana University. This paper was originally presented at the Second Annual Risk Theory Seminar, which was held August 28-30, 1964, in Chicago. The calculations were performed on the IBM 709 in Indiana University's Research Computing Center. The authors are grateful to several life insurance executives and regulatory officials who made extensive comments on an early draft of the paper. However, the authors alone assume full responsibility for the views expressed. 1The expression "industrial life insurance" is a misnomer. It refers to that segment of the individual life insurance market that is serviced by agents who usually collect premiums at the homes of policyholders, in contrast to the "ordinary" segment of the market in which premiums are generally paid by mail. Premiums on industrial policies are usually payable weekly or monthly, while premiums on ordinary policies are payable annually, semi-annually, quarlife insurance is sometimes viewed as a declining one. Yet there is considerable evidence to support the theory that industrial life insurance is actually increasing in importance, particularly when certain difficulties with the existing statistics are taken into consideration.2 Even without adjustment for the statistical problems, there was approximately $40.5 billion of industrial life insurance in force in United States companies at the end of 1963, and the 1963 premium income generated by this business was approximately $1.4 billion.3 It has been estimated that the 98 million industrial policies in force at the end of 1961 provided life insurance protection for approximately 65 million people.4 Perhaps the most extensive study of industrial life insurance prices was the one conducted in the late 1930's by the New York Insurance Department.5 This study


From the Book:
Preface
Playing the "shell" game is a lot of fun. This book was written to make your learning experience both fun and profitable. Since the first edition was published, I have heard from many of you who have been helped by my book to realize that shell programming doesn't need to be difficult at all! Learning by example makes it easy and fun. In fact, due to such positive feedback, I have been asked by Prentice Hall to produce this new, updated version to include two additional and popular shells, the Bash and TC shells. Although often associated with Linux systems, the Bash and TC shells are freely available to anyone using UNIX as well. In fact, today many UNIX users prefer these shells to the traditional UNIX shells because they offer an enhanced and flexible interactive environment, as well as improved programming capabilities.

Writing UNIX Shells by Example is the culmination of 19 years of teaching and developing classes for the various shells and those UNIX utilities most heavily used by shell programmers. The course notes I developed for teaching classes have been used by the University of California Santa Cruz and University of California Davis UNIX programs, Sun Microsystems Education, Apple Computer, DeAnza College, and numerous vendors throughout the world. Depending on the requirements of my client, I normally teach one shell at a time rather than all of them. To accommodate the needs of so many clients, I developed separate materials for each of the respective UNIX shells and tools.

Whether I am teaching "Grep, Sed, and Awk," "Bourne Shell for the System Administrator," or "The Interactive Korn Shell," one student always asks, "Whatbook can I get that covers all the shells and the important utilities such as grep, sed, and awk? Should I get the awk book, or should I get a book on grep and sed? Is there one book that really covers it all? I don't want to buy three or four books in order to become a shell programmer."

In response, I can recommend a number of excellent books covering these topics separately, and some UNIX books that attempt to do it all, but the students want one book with everything and not just a quick survey. They want the UNIX tools, regular expressions, all three shells, quoting rules, a comparison of the shells, exercises, and so forth, all in one book. This is that book. As I wrote it, I thought about how I teach the classes and organized the chapters in the same format. In the shell programming classes, the first topic is always an introduction to what the shell is and how it works. Then we talk about the UNIX utilities such as grep, sed, and awk, the most important tools in the shell programmer's toolbox. When learning about the shell, it is presented first as an interactive program where everything can be accomplished at the command line, and then as a programming language where the programming constructs are described and demonstrated in shell scripts. (Since the C and TC shells are almost identical as programming languages, there are separate chapters describing interactive use, but only one chapter discussing programming constructs.) When shell programming classes are over, whether they last two days or a week or even a semester, the students are proficient and excited about writing scripts. They have learned how to play the shell game. This book will teach how to play the same game whether you take a class or just play by yourself.

Having always found that simple examples are easier for quick comprehension, each concept is captured in a small example followed by the output and an explanation of each line of the program. This method has proven to be very popular with those who learned Perl programming from my first book, Perl by Example, and UNIX Shells by Example now has been well received for those who needed to write, read, and maintain shell programs.

The five shells are presented in parallel so that if, for example, you want to know how redirection is performed in one shell, there is a parallel discussion of that topic in each of the other shell chapters. For a quick comparison chart, see Appendix B of this book.

It is a nuisance to have to go to another book or the UNIX man pages when all you want is enough information about a particular command to jog your memory on how the command works. To save you time, Appendix A contains a list of useful commands, their syntax and definitions. Examples and explanations are provided for the more robust and often-used commands.

The comparison chart in Appendix B will help you keep the different shells straight, especially when you port scripts from one shell to another, and serve as a quick syntax check when all you need is a reminder of how the construct works.

One of the biggest hurdles for shell programmers is using quotes properly. The section on quoting rules in Appendix C presents a step-by-step process for successful quoting in some of the most complex command lines. This procedure has dramatically reduced the amount of time programmers waste when debugging scripts with futile attempts at matching quotes properly.

I think you'll find this book a valuable tutorial and reference. The objective is to explain through example and keep things simple so that you have fun learning and save time. Since the book replicates what I say in my classes, I am confident that you will be a productive shell programmer in a short amount of time. Everything you need is right here at your fingertips. Playing the shell game is fun. You'll see!

Ellie Quigley ([email protected])


Objectives To understand the feasibility of the Shenzhen extra EPI vaccine covered by social medical insurance(SMI)and to analyze current problems in order to provide references for policy-making in Shenzhen. Methods A semi-structured interview was conducted among immune staffs from centers for disease control and prevention from municipal and county level and the community health service centers in Shenzhen.Results were analyzed in categories.Results 75%interview respondents thought the extra EPI vaccine should be covered by SMI in Shenzhen.All respondents thought the main problem for Shenzhen extra EPI vaccine to be covered by respondents was the source of funds for extra EPI vaccine.And 50%of the respondents thought the coverage span of population for this policy was also a problem.67%of the respondents suggested that extra EPI vaccine covered by SMI should be carried out based on the type of people's social insurance and step by step.They thought people with general medical insurance could get the extra EPI vaccine covered by SMI first,while people with medical insurance targeting inpatients,children and migrant workers could wait.Conclusions Extra EPI vaccine covered by SMI should be included in SMI stage by stage.Meanwhile,a reasonable operation system should be established based on exploration of the relationship between public health and SMI.


Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is mainly used for beer production and animal fodder and has a stable position among the most important cereal crops worldwide. Barley has an exceptionally rich repository of genetic resources available for crop improvement, including diverse wild accessions (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) and >1000 historical landraces stored in seed banks. However, the size of barley genome (5.1 Gb; ~80,000 transcripts) makes the functional annotation of genes a daunting task and hampers the comprehensive genetic characterization of the genetic resources. Recently, an important step forward was made by developing a barley "exome capture" platform, enabling substantial enrichment of the mRNAcoding genomic portion in DNA-sequencing libraries. This development reduces the genomic complexity of barley 50-fold, which allows re-sequencing the coding portion of the genome in wider collections of barley resources.In order to facilitate re-sequencing assemblies of barley exomes, as well as the subsequent comparative genomic analyses, assessments of genetic diversity, and discovery of adaptive allelic variants, we have prepared two exome references from available genomic data of cultivated barley. The first exome reference is a complete non-redundant collection of all predicted barley genes, including exons, introns, 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (67,247 genes/transcript clusters; 126.2 Mb total length). The second exome reference is a non-redundant ordered collection of all predicted barley genes with scaffold anchoring data, including exons, introns, 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (47,810 genes/transcript clusters; 102.9 Mb total length). Using these exome references, we reconstructed the exomes of 18 barley accessions available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, and are currently expanding the collection of barley exome resources by adding newly re-sequenced exomes of ~40 landraces and wild accessions.


With the development of HVDC transmission systems,the power flow calculation dominated by AC power grid is bound to face fundamental problems of handling the HVDC transmission unit and the link mechanism.Such being the case,according to the basic equations of DC transmission units and the connectivity of various control modes,the current is taken as a state variable in the power flow calculation to make the DC transmission unit organically combine with AC power system.Based on the above,the DC/AC hybrid power flow equations are established and Newton iteration algorithm is applied to solving the model.On the premise of the link mechanism of AC/DC power system,the study aims to minimize the dimension of the Jacobian matrix and realize direct observation of the operation state of the DC transmission unit,providing a basic tool to evaluate or control the AC/DC system.The algorithm is proved effective with a 22-bus system.


Sensitivity data for advanced technology transports has been systematically collected. This data has been generated in two separate studies. In the first of these, three nominal, or base point, vehicles designed to cruise at Mach numbers .85, .93, and .98, respectively, were defined. The effects on performance and economics of perturbations to basic parameters in the areas of structures, aerodynamics, and propulsion were then determined. In all cases, aircraft were sized to meet the same payload and range as the nominals. This sensitivity data may be used to assess the relative effects of technology changes. The second study was an assessment of the effect of cruise Mach number. Three families of aircraft were investigated in the Mach number range 0.70 to 0.98: straight wing aircraft from 0.70 to 0.80; sweptwing, non-area ruled aircraft from 0.80 to 0.95; and area ruled aircraft from 0.90 to 0.98. At each Mach number, the values of wing loading, aspect ratio, and bypass ratio which resulted in minimum gross takeoff weight were used. As part of the Mach number study, an assessment of the effect of increased fuel costs was made.


Does spending less time in hospital mean medical residents are less prepared to practise medicine? This has been a topic of debate since 2003, when the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education limited resident work hours in the United States to a maximum of 80 hours weekly. The same


The purpose of this study was to describe the strategic management conducted principals in improving the discipline of teachers in number one senior high shool of Kepahiang. This research uses descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques by interview, observation and documentation. Subjects were principals, vice principals affairs curriculum, teachers, school supervisors supervisor and chairman of the school committee. While the data analysis was done with descriptive analysis, inductive and deductive. Strategy formulation principals in enforcing discipline the teacher is the formulation of the vision and mission by considering the internal and external environment, followed by setting goals and targets and the continued determination of the strategy. Implementation of the strategy principals in enforcing discipline the teacher is doing the translation strategies have been formulated in the form of activities. Evaluation is done by supervising the education of the teachers.


The system of housing accumulation fund is an important part of the social security system of China.To pay attention to the people's livelihood,we should pay attention to the housing problems of workers and staff.Therefore,we must adopt countermeasures to resolve the problems of the management of housing accumulation fund.


Objective : To study liver function in dengue infection and to correlate it with the severity of disease . Follow up liver function studied at discharge . Design : prospective cross sectional study. Methods: Fifty patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of dengue at D. Y. Patil medical college Pune were included and their liver functions were documented . Liver functions were correlated with severity of disease and followed at discharge . Results: out of 50 pts , 32 had DF ,13 DHF , 5DSS . Liver function on admission was deranged significantly in patients with DSS than DHF. Least derangement was seen in pts with DF . Liver function improved in all patients . In patients with DSS liver function remained deranged at discharge. Conclusion: severe derangement in liver function at admission indicates severe disease. This can be used as an early predictor of disease severity.


The study involved an experimental study to evaluate and optimize the potential of auto-thermal aerobic stabilization; for this purpose, the impact of major operating conditions was investigated for sustaining a mesophilic environment that would provide the highest possible rate of volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction. Experiments were conducted in four different sets in order to separately evaluate the effect of significant parameters, such as the aeration rate, the mixing rate, the initial sludge load, and the ratio of primary sludge to biological sludge (PS/BS) on process efficiency. The aeration rate was gradually reduced together with parallel increases in the mixing rate. In the final experimental set conducted with a PS/BS ratio of 50/50, a low aeration rate of 0.2 L/min, and a high mixing rate, reactor temperature was raised to an average level of 36.7°C, with 47.0°C the highest value; the mesophilic conditions sustained by the liberated energy of biochemical reactions induced a VSS reduction rate of 53%, the highest level ever achieved in aerobic stabilization studies reported in the literature. The corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was observed as 62%, confirming the observed trend always inducing 10% higher COD removal than the achieved VSS reduction exhibited in all the experiments of the study.


The leaves of plants have rich information in recognition of plants. In general, agriculture experts accomplish information extraction from the leaves. Since the leaves contain useful features for recognising various types of plants, so these features can be extracted and applied by automatic image recognition algorithms to classify plant species. In this study, the authors investigate a novel approach for recognition of plant species using GIST texture features. Then, the principal and suitable features are selected by principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. In the classification step, three different approaches such as Patternnet neural network, support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithms were applied to the extracted features. For evaluation of the authors' approach, they applied their proposed algorithm on three famous datasets. In comparison to some widely used features, the results show that their approach outperforms the other methods in the case of the time and the accuracy. The best results were achieved by applying PCA algorithm to GIST feature vector and using the Cosine KNN classifier.


After a few years of development, China C2C e-commerce has already formed an oligopsonistic market where mainly include Taobao Website, Ebay-Eachnet Website and Paipai Website. Through the current situation and the forming reason analysis, we indicated a few question in China C2C e-commerce market developing. Meanwhile, combined owning materials and the experience of advanced C2C e-commerce countries; we predicted the future trend of China C2C market pattern.


Correction for 'A H2O2 self-sufficient nanoplatform with domino effects for thermal-responsive enhanced chemodynamic therapy' by Shichao Zhang et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 1926–1934, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SC05506A.


As the simplest nonlinear polymers,star polymers have become a research hotspot due to their unique structure,good properties and wide applications.Star polymers often are researched as branched model in order to simplify intricate branch configuration of dendrimers and to obtain branched information of polymers.Both advantages and disadvantages of various methods and techniques are also pointed out.Different synthesis methods of star polymers by living polymerization are introduced as well together with their properties and applications.


A pseudocyst is present as a cystic cavity bound to the pancreas by inflammatory tissue [1]. Typically, the wall of a pancreatic pseudocyst lacks an epithelial lining, and the cyst contains pancreatic juice or amylase-rich fluid [2, 3]. This is the histopathological definition of a pancreatic pseudocyst. In the past, there have been several different clinical definitions of pancreatic pseudocysts and there are probably more to come in the future. Today, the most used definitions differentiate between peripancreatic fluid collections, pseudocysts and pancreatic abscesses as in the Atlanta classification system for acute pancreatitis [4]:


The need to increase soybean production has led many producers to seek alternatives, one of them is the use of foliar fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of different doses of foliar applications of Mg, Zn and B in soybean. The experiment was installed in the area of the Department of Natural Resources/Area of Soil Science, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in an Oxisol. The design was completely randomized design with eight treatments and foliar applications of ten repetitions, for a total of eighty vessels. It was observed that the treatment (17% B +20% Zn) had a higher efficiency in fresh weight, dry weight and height of soybean, as compared to the productive treatment (17% B + 10% Mg) was what gave the best performance among the treatments.


How to load control of the wind turbine tower. The pitch of the rotor blades is controlled in a conventional manner by a command component, collectively. Estimator estimating the tower resonant acceleration and the rotation acceleration three blade imbalance. Combination logic, the estimated resonance acceleration and estimated time is connected to the ACC 3 times acceleration, using the collective modulation provides a combined pitch modulation for damping of tower resonant motion and exercise three times per revolution. The pitch modulation component is coupled to the collective command to drive the pitch actuator. Wind turbine tower resonant motion, 3P motion, pitch adjustment, aggregate component command


Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as a proportion of total mortality inevitably rise as an epidemiological consequence of population ageing and hazardous exposures particularly smoking increase. A decade ago we were told that the 'ageing crisis' would swamp public resources and the same message continues to be reiterated. Now we are being told that NCDs in the developing world represent a 'race against time' although over the last two decades the 'threat' of coronary heart disease has been continually highlighted without much sign of prioritization. In the majority of countries all-cause mortality at ages 15–59 has shown a persistent downward trend over the last two decades although these favourable trends have been attenuated markedly in sub-Saharan Africa and some eastern European countries as a result of deaths due to HIV and to injuries respectively. As the crisis has not materialized and the race has not yet been lost it is pertinent to ask who are the likely beneficiaries of these alarmist strategies. In the former case the private pensions sector stood to gain considerable investment had World Bank policies to develop mandatory 'multi-pillar' systems of publicly and privately managed pensions and a voluntary pillar of personal savings been taken up. In the latter case it is the pharmaceutical and the global health care industries that may benefit. Of course in both cases there is an altruistic element of preventing suffering and helping the sick. (excerpt)


The extraordinary claims that Dante makes in cantos 24–26 of Paradiso with regard to both his theoretical knowledge and his actual 'possession' of the three theological virtues – Faith, Hope and Charity – do not seem to be entirely consistent with the story of a character who, only a few days earlier, was struggling in the dark forest and about to succumb to intellectual bewilderment and moral straying. Why else was that character so close to spiritual death if not because he lacked those virtues which he now claims to know so profoundly and hold in supreme measure? This paper argues first, that Dante here transcends any distinction that may operate elsewhere in the poem between Dante as character, narrator and author; second, that his claims make sense in the context of his circumstances at the time when he composed cantos 24–26 of Paradiso, i.e. on or just before 1320, twenty years after the fictional date of his journey to the Otherworld; and third, that he is likely to have made such claims in order to preempt any attack on himself, his poem and his mission as theologian, prophet and reformer of the Church.


Study to identify and quantify marine-related activities of the Waterway that contribute directly to the economy of Texas is reported. In addition to analyses of current and future economic impact, particular emphasis was placed on history, land use, commodity flows, industrial users, and technological innovations relating to the Waterway.