The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), ratified at the World Health Assembly in May 2019, introduced revised diagnostic guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as a separate diagnosis of complex PTSD (CPTSD). We aimed to test the new ICD-11 symptom structure for PTSD and CPTSD in a sample of individuals who have experienced homelessness. Experiences of trauma exposure and the associated mental health outcomes have been underresearched in this population. A COMPLEX PTSD DIAGNOSIS IN HOMELESS ADULTS 2 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. sample of adults experiencing homelessness (N = 206) completed structured and semistructured interviews that collected information about trauma exposure and symptoms of PTSD and CPTSD. We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) using six symptom clusters (three PTSD symptom clusters that are components of CPTSD and three CPTSD symptom clusters). All participants reported trauma exposure, with 88.6% having experienced at least one event before 16 years of age. Four distinct classes of participants emerged in relation to the potential to meet the diagnosis: LCA CPTSD (n = 122, 59.8%), LCA no diagnosis (n = 27: 13.2%), LCA PTSD (n = 33; 16.2%), and LCA disturbance in self-organization (DSO; n = 22; 10.8%). Of note, participants with an ICD-11 CPTSD as well as those with an ICD-11 PTSD diagnosis fell into the LCA CPTSD class. Our findings provide some support for the distinction between CPTSD and PTSD within this population specifically but potentially have broader implications. Clear diagnoses will allow targeted PTSD and CPTSD treatment development. Using Latent Class Analysis to Support the ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis in a Sample of Homeless Adults Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (Complex PTSD) is a separate diagnosis recently included in the new 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; World Health Organization [WHO], 2018), which was released in June 2018. The ICD-11 offers significant changes from 10th revision (ICD-10) in the classification of traumatic stress–related pathology. For example, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was previously categorized with neuroticism, somatoform, and adjustment disorders. "Disorders specifically associated with stress" is the new classification that independently constitutes disorders that are of consequence to experiencing stress. Posttraumatic stress disorder, with a revised item structure, as well as the new inclusion of complex PTSD (CPTSD) are diagnoses COMPLEX PTSD DIAGNOSIS IN HOMELESS ADULTS 3 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. that represent the extreme presentations in this category (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). A CPTSD diagnosis is made when an individual meets the diagnostic requirements for PTSD and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) are present at any point during the course of the disorder. Previously, DSO symptoms were included in the diagnostic guidelines for "enduring personality change after catastrophic experience" (EPCACE) in the ICD-10 (WHO, 1993). This new category in the ICD-11 consolidates trauma-related symptomology and offers the first formalized diagnosis of CPTSD (Cloitre, Garvert, Brewin, Bryant, & Maercker, 2013; Maercker, Brewin, Bryant, Cloitre, Ommeren, et al., 2013; Maercker, Brewin, Bryant, Cloitre, Reed, et al., 2013). The ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic guidelines include three symptom clusters: (a) reexperiencing the traumatic event or events in the present (e.g., vivid memories or flashbacks); (b) avoidance of thoughts and memories of the event or events or avoidance of activities, situations, or people reminiscent of the event or events; and (c) persistent perceptions of heightened current threat (e.g., hypervigilance or an enhanced startle reaction to stimuli such as unexpected noises). Symptoms must persist for at least several weeks and cause significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. For a diagnosis of CPTSD, all PTSD core symptoms must be present at some point during the course of CPTSD and three additional symptom clusters specific to CPTSD must also be present: (a) severe and pervasive problems in affect regulation (i.e., affect dysregulation; AD); (b) persistent beliefs about oneself as diminished, defeated or worthless, accompanied by deep and pervasive feelings of shame, guilt or failure related to the traumatic event (i.e., negative self-concept; NSC); and (c) persistent difficulties in sustaining relationships and feeling close to others (i.e., disturbances in relationships; DR). An individual is considered to have met the diagnostic criteria for a symptom cluster when they endorse at least one of two items in the cluster (World Health Organization, 2018). COMPLEX PTSD DIAGNOSIS IN HOMELESS ADULTS 4 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. The development of the CPTSD construct was initially driven by clinicians who recognized the need to adequately care for individuals who presented with persistent and disabling AD, NSC, and DR, collectively identified as DSO. The momentum for recognition of an associated diagnosis has been building for more than 20 years (Beltran, Silove, & Llewellyn, 2009; Courtois & Ford, 2009; Ford, Stockton, Kaltman, & Green, 2006; Herman, 1992). The ICD-11 Working Group recognized this field of research in developing diagnostic guidelines for CPTSD. In the time since the ICD-11 Working Group released their proposed diagnostic guidelines for CPTSD, there has been a growing body of research focused on the theoretical separation of CPTSD from PTSD (Cloitre et al., 2013; Wolf et al., 2015) across samples exposed to different trauma types, such as (e.g. bereavement, sexual victimization, and physical assault: Elklit, Hyland, & Shevlin, 2014; e.g. childhood institutional abuse: Knefel, Garvert, Cloitre, & Lueger-Schuster, 2015) as well as in non-Western samples (Murphy, Elklit, Dokkedahl, & Shevlin, 2016). This research has predominantly used latent profile analyses (LPA) and latent class analyses (LCA). These analytic methods are used to cluster individuals into groups based on patterns of symptom response on continuous measures for LPA and categorical measures for LCA (Muthén & Muthén, 2000). If CPTSD is a separate construct from PTSD, as is described by the new ICD definition, then separate CPTSD and PTSD classes would be expected to emerge from clustering. If they are part of the same construct, profiles would likely diverge regarding severity scores or endorsement probability across all items rather than along phenomenology lines. Cloitre et al. (2013) ran an LPA and found three distinct diagnostic profiles in a sample of 302 individuals seeking treatment for interpersonal trauma exposure: PTSD (31.8%), CPTSD (36.1%), and a low-symptom profile (32.1%). Using LCA, Elklit et al. (2014) demonstrated further support for CPTSD as a separate diagnosis in a mixed-trauma–exposed COMPLEX PTSD DIAGNOSIS IN HOMELESS ADULTS 5 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. community sample of 1,251participants; this study found a CPTSD class (13.0%), a PTSD class (33.6%), and a class that had a low probability of endorsing either diagnosis (53.4%). In contrast, Wolf et al. (2015) initially replicated the results reported by Cloitre et al. (2013), using LPA with their sample of 323 trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking veterans. However, the authors also investigated the theoretical framework of the clusters, using applied factor mixture modeling (FMM), which is a combination of latent class analysis and standard factor analysis (Lubke & Muthén, 2007) and groups symptoms into classes. Response patterns are then considered in conjunction with the symptom structure of those response patterns (Kramer et al., 2016). An LCA does not include the simultaneous consideration of the latent symptom structure (i.e., the factor-analytic component). In this case, the FMM failed to find differentiation between the PTSD and CPTSD and instead found a model of severity in which the level of symptom endorsement positively increased in line with other symptom severity endorsement across both disorders (Wolf et al., 2015). The authors concluded from their findings that CPTSD was a subtype of PTSD rather than a distinct disorder. More recently, Murphy et al. (2016) compared two samples of young Northern Ugandan adults (N = 314; n = 124 former child soldiers, n = 190 civilians) using LCA to test the ICD-11 diagnostic algorithm. Their results also separated participants into three classes: a CPTSD class (40.3%), a PTSD class (43.1%), and a low-symptom class (16.6%). The former child soldiers were five times more likely to be grouped into the CPTSD class than in the low-symptom class, odds ratio (OR) = 5.43, 95% CI [2.44, 12.09]. Knefel and colleagues (2015) found a variation of the three-class solution in a sample of 229 Austrian adult survivors of childhood institutional abuse, which included physical, sexual, and emotional maltreatment. The authors identified a four-class LPA solution that included a group with elevated symptoms of CPTSD (20.1%), a PTSD group (17.5%), a group with elevated DSO symptoms and some elevated PTSD symptoms (19.2%), and a COMPLEX PTSD DIAGNOSIS IN HOMELESS ADULTS 6 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. group with low levels of symptoms (43.2%). Although the authors demonstrated a similar separation of PTSD and CPTSD as was shown in the other investigations, the third class (i.e., elevated DSO with some elevated PTSD symptoms) represented a substantial minority of the sample. The authors argued that the most likely reason for this deviation from the three-class solutions found in similar studies rested in the characteristics of the sample, as participants had universally


The growth of AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location) systems leads to huge amount of data about different parts of bus fleet (buses, stations, passenger, etc.) which is very useful to improve bus fleet efficiency. In addition, by processing fleet and passengers' historical data it is possible to detect passenger's behavioral patterns in different parts of the day and to use it in order to improve fleet plans. In this research, a new approach is developed to use AVL data to investigate relationship between headway change and passenger downfall rate. For this purpose, a new method is developed that is called Intelligent Headway Selection (IHS) approach. The aim of this approach is finding similar days from passengers' behavior perspective in the dataset and by focusing on unusual patterns of each group, headway changes effects on passenger downfall rate is being studied. In this approach, in the first step, each day is classified into specific time periods (like half of hours) and the passengers' behavior pattern is detected for each day during the specified time periods. Then, in the K-Means algorithm, Euclidian distance measure is replaced with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm to enable the K-Means to compare time series. The modified K-Means algorithm is used to compare days in the dataset and categorize similar days in the same clusters. Then, headway – passenger per minute plot is created for each time period to detect unusual patterns. Then, a Headway Interval Detection Procedure (HIDP) is developed to use these unusual patterns to find suitable headway values for each time period. Afterwards, these plots merged and the final headways are calculated.


An investigation was made of stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) of light in SiO2+GeO2 multimode fiber-optical waveguides having a complex refractive index profile. By investigating STRS using a neodymium-doped garnet laser, it was possible to distinguish three waveguide structures in the multimode waveguide (two few-mode and one multimode structure) and by selectively exciting each of these, it was possible to obtain STRS in a few-mode waveguide without exciting directly guided modes in this waveguide. Qualitative information was obtained on the refractive index profile. Saturation of the pump power and of the Stokes STRS components was observed and it was found that this was related to broadening of the STRS spectral lines. When a multimode fiber-optical waveguide was pumped by 1.064 µ radiation, nonlinear effects gave rise to high-intensity radiation with a continuous spectrum in the 0.4–1.8 µ range which was observed at the waveguide exit. This wide-band source of nanosceond pulsed radiation is potentially useful both for investigations of fiber-optical waveguides and for various spectroscopic investigations.


The study has three aims. One is to investigate teachers· receptivity tn the usc of Student Outcome Statements in Western Austmlian. government. sccondcu;. schllols. The dcpcndclll variable is receptivity towards the usc of Student Outcome Statements and is measured in four aspects: Ovcmll h.·clings. Attitudes. Bcha\iour Intentions and Behaviour. Two is to invc~1igatc the relationship:'-. ~tween rt.~cpth·ity~ as the dependent variable. and ten independent variahlcs: non-monetary cost benefits. aiJc,iation of fears and concerns. significant other suppon. feelings compared to the prc,·ious system. shared goals lsharcd teaching uoaJs and cohesiveness). collaboration (team teaching. im·olvcmcnt in decisionmaking and teacher collaboration) and teacher learning opponunities. Three is to investigate the relationships between recepti,·it~· and the independent \·ariables. in the context of the situation variables related to the school. depanment and teacher. The situation ,·ariables are: school si7_e. school location. socio--economic status. depanment size. depanment type. teacher status. teacher experience. sex. age. use of Student Outcome Statements and purpose to which Student Outcome Statements are put. The study will add to knowledge in three wa) s. First. it "ill test a model of major edutational change at the beginning of the implementation stage. in a centralised edutational system. The model is based on existing research and combine> variables fiom various studies including some fiom Western Australia and some from overseas. Second. it will prO\idc new data on teacher recepti,ity to a major change in Western Australia: the use of Student Outcome Statements. Third. the study will provide amice to educational decision-maker.; and administr.ators on bow best to implement system-level changes in a centralised education system. 1lle empirical data for the study were collecled using a teacher questionnaire including existing and newly developed scales. There were 126 \-alid questionnaires n:tumed to the researcher from 30 different senior high schools


Based on the brief description of the significance of the school-enterprise cooperation for both vocational colleges and enterprises,this paper carries out a comparative analysis of the main school-enterprise cooperation models at home and abroad from the aspects of content,form and depth.Combined with the current reality of vocational colleges,it discusses the main problems and their causes in choosing school-enterprise cooperation models and suggests that the vocational colleges should take the initiative to collaborate with enterprises to look for win-win benefits-driven mechanism and security mechanism,choose and innovate their reasonable models in line with local conditions,and achieve a breakthrough in the cooperation scope,depth,etc.


Teratoma of the tongue is a rare tumor of the oral cavity. The case of a benign cystic teratoma of the tongue with a fistula to the dor-sum of the tongue is described here. Teratomas are composed of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm and arise as a result of displacement of primordial germ cells during their course of migration during embryogenesis. In the tongue, the teratoma may arise from misplaced cells from the tuberculum impar during the fourth week of gestation. Diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and possibilities for a treatment are discussed based on our experience and review of the literature.


Synthesis of alkyl aryl ethers via copper-catalyzed etherizations of electron-deficient aryl fluorides with quaternary ammonium bromides and water has been developed. In the presence of Cu(OAc)2, POPh3 (L4) and Cs2CO3, a variety of electron-deficient aryl fluorides underwent the reaction with quaternary ammonium bromides and H2O in moderate to good yields. The mechanism was also discussed.


Synopsis: The shale gas revolution has dramatically changed the outlook for natural gas in the U.S. It has fostered industry action and governmental policies aimed at increasing the consumption of natural gas both domestically and internationally. This article examines both the public-utility regulatory and market obstacles to achieving fuel conversions to natural gas. These obstacles, which affect either the demand- or supply-side of the natural gas market, can deter socially beneficial actions by energy consumers. As the saying goes, it takes two to tango: Without the willingness of consumers to change their energy source or the availability of an infrastructure to deliver the gas, fuel switching will not happen. This article focuses on what state public utility commissions can do to promote fuel switching and gas line expansions. It also examines the expected commission responses to positions proffered by stakeholders in their support or opposition to gas line extensions.I. THE ABUNDANCE OF U.S. SHALE GAS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEMAND SIDE OF THE GAS MARKETShale gas has been one of the few bright spots in the U.S. economy since 2007.1 Hydraulic fracturing,2 along with horizontal drilling, has made it possible for the United States and other countries to recover large amounts of shale gas economically, which promises to serve domestic natural gas consumers for several decades.3 The energy guru Daniel Yergin has called this development the "biggest energy innovation" of this century.4The potential benefits of recovering these recently discovered vast resources in terms of job creation, cost savings to energy consumers, improved balance of trade, reduced energy dependency on foreign sources, and increased revenues for local, state, and federal governments are large and undeniable.5 Overall, the abundance of shale gas is a major positive development that promises to bolster the U.S. economy.The shale-gas revolution has motivated the U.S. natural gas industry to increase the consumption of natural gas. Since 2007, increased domestic gas production has led to an oversupply of domestic gas supplies, as demand for natural gas has failed to keep pace.6 Potential areas for growing natural gas demand include natural gas vehicles; electricity generation; industrial demand; residential, commercial, or industrial fuel switching from electricity, oil, propane, or coal to gas; and exports.7 So far the most promising driver of increasing demand for U.S. natural gas is electricity generation, either from the retirement of coal-fired plants or the addition of new generating capacity.8 Exports more marginally have the potential to grow demand and make the domestic gas sector more profitable.9 Extending gas service to new areas, which is the topic of this article, would have the same effect.II. THE NEW INTEREST IN GAS LINE EXTENSIONS AND FUEL SWITCHINGThe shale gas surge has stimulated broad interest in fuel-switching by households and businesses from other energy sources (e.g., oil and propane) to natural gas.10 This interest has spread beyond energy consumers to gas utilities and local and state governments. A few states, including Connecticut, Delaware and New York, have endorsed fuel switching as part of their energy plan or strategy.11 In his January 17, 2013, State of the State speech, for example, Governor Jack Markell of Delaware advocated the expansion of gas lines in his state:[W]e need to expand natural gas infrastructure across our state. Too many in Delaware are paying too much for energy because they are too far from a pipeline to bring them affordable natural gas. The energy savings from fuel switching are substantial and can cover the costs of new infrastructure. To help businesses and residents save money, we are working with both Delmarva and Chesapeake to make it easier for businesses to switch to cheaper and cleaner energy.12Some of the benefits from fuel switching, referred to in this article as "public benefits," extend beyond energy consumers. …


In order to explore effect factors in the measurement of temperature sensing fabric, a heat transmission mathematical model of temperature sensing fabric was established. The concept of surface contact thermal resistance associated with the material thermal conductivity, fabric layer number and yarn linear density between the fabric and sensor was proposed in the model, whose surface contact thermal resistance was produced in the process of fabric heat transmission. Some test samples were woven to prove the rationality of the model. The results demonstrated that the value measured would be influenced by the performances of surface contact thermal resistance, which was consistent with the derivation of the theoretical model. The raw material, fabric layer number and yarn linear density of temperature sensing fabric had a great effect on the measurement value. The correlation coefficient reached more than 0.988 among the experimental and theoretical values, respectively, which proved that the heat transmission mathematical model of temperature sensing fabric could be applied in the research of this fabric.


Amorphous silica-based materials bulk and superficially doped with silver nanocolloids were prepared. Bulk doped glasses were obtained by conventional melting and doped monolithic slabs by sol-gel. Superficially doped glasses were obtained by ion-exchange and doped coatings by sol-gel. The samples were characterised by TEM and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Depending on the composition, the silver incorporation process, and the thermal treatments, several colourings were obtained. By controlling these parameters, metallic silver nanocolloids can be generated in the matrices studied. Colloids aggregation and growing up depends on the matrix nature and on the experimental process carried out.


Receipt from H. T. Crosby to Nathan Sears, $50.00, part pay for gravestone to the a/c of the estate of Constant Sears.


Passionfruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) is native to the tropical Andes of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia. It is a vine species cultivated mainly on slopes with a trellis system to support the plants and it is often grown within a mixed crop system with coffee and/or trees. There is a growing national and international demand for the fruit due to its taste and nutritional qualities. This study evaluated the social sustainability of passion fruit production in three districts of the province of Oxapampa (Pasco, Peru) and is part of a more comprehensive study that evaluated the sustainability as a whole. The MESMIS method (Masera et al., 1999), as well as Multicriteria Analysis (Sarandon, 2002) were applied, both based on a set of 21 sub-indicators grouped into 5 indicators. The first method determined the social attributes of sustainability (adaptability, equality and self-reliance) and the Multicriteria Analysis determined the indicator of social sustainability (ISS). The passionfruit production system generates social impact, contributes to food security, and reduces poverty levels in rural areas. Within a context of small scale family agriculture farmers´ livelihoods improved, family labor is boosted, women labor is revaluated, and younger generations are motivated to remain in rural areas. The attribute of adaptability is found to be strength of the system, whereas the attributes of equality and self-management are found negative aspects. Sarandon's Indicator value of Social Sustainability is 6.6, which classifies the passionfruit production system as "potentially sustainable".


The purpose of this Masters thesis is to investigate how actors involved in a municipal's adult education view students access to information- and library resources. The adult educat ...


To improve the quality of classification in image Recognition,the noise must be removed to enhance the object during the pretreatment of color image.Began with image enhancing in frequency space,the MultiScale Wavelet enhancing Algorithm and the Wavelet edge extension were researched.An improved Algorithm of enhancing images based on Wavelet and realization were designed.An emulational example was carried on in VC++ software,the result proves that the image was enhanced in balance the details in shadow and light area was showed effectively,and the noise was controlled.


In order to solve the problems of graphene, such as non-hydrophilic,non-lipophilic and poor dispersibility in the solvent, COOH+ions were implanted into the surface of graphene with three different doses including 1 ×1017,5×1017 and 1×1018ions/cm2 using ion implantation method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and water contact angle(CA)measurements prove that oxygen-containing functional groups are introduced on the COOH+/graphene such as C—O,O—C =O,and graphene shows the excellent hydrophilicity caused by the significant increase of oxygen content, which might be the main reasons related to the improvement of hemocompatibility. The results of the platelet adhesion experiment, hemolytic test and interaction experiment with red blood cells show that hemolysis rate of graphene is reduced after implant the COOH+ions,and red blood cells are not destroyed by the implantation while adhesion,aggregation and excitation of blood platelet are significantly inhibited. Results show that the blood compatibility of COOH+/graphene is better than pristine graphene.


A photo-based augmented reality (Photo AR) system is an AR system that uses photographic images, instead of computer graphics of 3D models. The advantage of this system is that it can display realistic augmented views to users; however, it requires large disk-space volumes because it uses many images. The images can be compressed by storing in video formats; however, the rendering times of the conventional method may sometimes cause severe delays while displaying objects. In order to ease this problem, we propose a method where all photographic images are stored into multiple video files, extracted in the memory at startup, and processed in parallel by the graphics processing unit (GPU) to save the time required for seeking and decoding video files.


Based on the data from 2000 China Fifth Census, this paper analyzes regional population distribution and its change in China over the past 70 years, and finds out that population of China is unevenly distributed. The East is densely populated while the west is sparsely inhabited. Over the past 70 years, China population distribution shows a westward inclination, population gravity shifts northwestward and the overall trend is toward evenness.


This paper proposes a novel model inference procedure to identify system matrix from a single noisy trajectory over a finite-time interval. The proposed inference procedure comprises an observation data processor, a redundant data processor and an ordinary least-square estimator, wherein the data processors mitigate the influence of observation noise on inference error. We first systematically investigate the comparisons with naive least-square-regression based model inference and uncover that 1) the same observation data has identical influence on the feasibility of the proposed and the naive model inferences, 2) the naive model inference uses all of the redundant data, while the proposed model inference optimally uses the basis and the redundant data. We then study the sample complexity of the proposed model inference in the presence of observation noise, which leads to the dependence of the processed bias in the observed system trajectory on time and coordinates. Particularly, we derive the sample-complexity upper bound (on the number of observations sufficient to infer a model with prescribed levels of accuracy and confidence) and the sample-complexity lower bound (high-probability lower bound on model error). Finally, the proposed model inference is numerically validated and analyzed.


Part of the concerted effort in obtaining compliance with the 55 MPH speed limit in Texas involved the use of innovative patrol techniques called speed control strategies. These strategies incorporate learning principles of partial reinforcement in that the driver's association between the presence of a patrol vehicle and a particular segment of roadway is maintained with decreases in actual presence. In essence the speed suppression effect of the presence of a patrol vehicle is carried over to days when it is not present because the illusion has been created that he will always be there. The strategies also involve the use of high visibility stationary patrol tactics with the vehicle placed at random locations along a road segment. This serves to enhance the spread of the speed suppression effect of a patrol unit. Data were collected to allow evaluation of the impact of the strategies on traffic speeds, accident experience, ticketing activity and operational cost. Analysis of the data indicated significant reductions on treated roads for speed and accident parameters but no change in ticketing activity or operational costs. Speed Parameter reductions included a 1.8 per cent decrease in mean speed, a 9.1 per cent and a 10.9 per cent decrease in percentage of vehicles exceeding 55 and 60 MPH respectively and a 6.4 per cent decrease in speed variance. Accident reductions include a 2.9 per cent decrease in property damage accidents in 11.5 per cent decrease in injury accidents and a 15.3 per cent reduction of the increasing trend in fatal accidents.


Effect of a Quadrate Hole on the Stress Distribution in a Beam under Uniform Bending Moment, By D. Sadahide Ogawa, Member. In the structure such as aeroplanes, ships, steel cars which are regarded to receive bending action, the quadrate holes are frequently perforated for the purpose of saving of weight, side ports, windows etc. So far as the author is aware, however, this practical problem has not yet been solved theoretically, though the effect of circular hole was attempted mathematically and experimentally by Z. Tuzi.(1) Therefore I have given theoretically the stresses in a deep beam having a quadrate hole of various roundness of corners or a crack of star shaped with its center on the neutral axis and subjected to uniform bending moment in the plane of beam.The results obtained by author will be applied well to a beam, the depth of which is great enough compared with the size of hole.First, the stresses due to the quadrate hole with its four corners on the neutral and vertical axes of beam have been examined. The quadrate boundary of hole is given by α=αi of the series of curves, which are introduced by the relationx= a (3eα cos β+re-3α cos 3β), y =a (3eα sin β-re-3α sin 3β), x and y axes being the neutral and vertical axes of beam. The stress-components αα, ββ, and αβ in the orthogonal-curvilinear co-ordinates α and β are determined by the equations (11), (12), (13) and (16), (17).Then, the case of the quadrate hole with its centers of sides on the neutral and vertical axes of beam has been deduced by substituting r = -r and β=β-π/4 (=β' say) in the foregoing results.In these results, α varies from 0 to ∞.


A model is suggested that offers an initial sequence which can help expand the humanistic climate and introduce children to the care-giving role


vocal literature can justifiably omit the quantity and quality of works written for the American musical theater. These works are widely performed today not only in school, university, and community theaters across the fifty states, but also on stages meant for the presentation of serious music throughout the world. The American musical theater attracts the talents of vocal artists formerly associated exclusively with the opera house and concert hall, and has provided some of its own well-trained practitioners, in return, to those "higher" pursuits. The influence has been mutual and mutually enriching. As the American nation has been a nationalistic melting-pot, American musical theater has been a musical one. Seventeenth-century ballad opera provided many of the simple closed forms, such as popular street and folk songs, that are its standard fare. Useful elements have been assimilated from pantomime and ballet, Viennese and English light opera. French operabouffe, vaudeville, music hall, and minstrelsy. With few exceptions, its melodies and harmonies remain firmly rooted in the late nineteenth century, but its rhythms of late owe something more to the freedom of twentieth-century jazz practices. From the pattern established by the minstrel troupes of the midnineteenth century, from the timing and movement of the Tony Pastor variety shows of the late 1860's and 1870's, the commonplace subject matter of Ned Harrigan's "Mulligan Guard" series during the 1880's, the accidental interpolation of one hundred French ballet girls into the melodramatic extravaganza, The Black Crook, in 1886; from the quick wit of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company appearances during that same decade, and the melodic emphasis of Viennese operettas; from the mechanical effects and realistic stage settings of the Hungarian Kiralfy Brothers; from the spacious Moorish design of Rudolf Aronson's Casino in 1881, and its Garden Roof for summer productions; from all these and many, many more sources grew and flourished American "musical com-


We describe a new steerable projector, whose projection center precisely corresponds with its rotation center, which we call a "fixed-center pan-tilt (FC-PT) projector." This mechanism allows it be set up more easily to display graphics precisely on the planes in the environment than for other steerable projectors; wherever we would like to display graphics, all we have to do are locating the FC-PT projector in the environment, and directing it to the corners of the planes whose 2D sizes have been measured. Moreover, as the FC-PT projector can recognize automatically whether each plane is connected to others, it can display visual information that lies across the boundary line of two planes in a similar way to a paper poster folded along the planes.


Water and steam quality during operation must be strictly controlled for ultra-supercritical unit. Changes of indicators in water and steam are supervised, water and steam quality and working condition of boiler water, as well as supervision of water and steam quality are reviewed in this paper. Risks of corrosion and scaling in Taishan power plant is assessed. As a result, control effect of TOC is remarkable in Taishan power plant, content of Cl- and SO42- can satisfy the control standard, that is , risk of corrosion and scaling is low. Dissolved oxygen is significantly exceeded in the condensate polishing desalination device , and there has risk of iron deposit. To convert the feed water treatment from AVT(All Volatile Treatment) to OT(Oxygenated Treatment) can solve the problems above .


For purposes of skin clinical classification it is proposed to take into consideration man evolution in different geographical places and under histological knowledge that suggests a unique origin for the human being. This can be observed in examining the amount of melonocytes which are similar in different types of skin. There is just a single difference, that is, the melanosomes characteristics as can be seen by comparing caucasians and negroes melanin. The authors report lots of efforts in order to classify types of skin clinically. They state that there is no satisfactory classification till now


The paper summarizes the characteristics and application of the Bluetooth technology. It expounds the problem that must be worked out when we popularize the Bluetooth technology and forecast its future.


Endodontic treatment is one of the most common dental procedures employed in modern dentistry. Although there have been many works in medical simulation in the past two decades, little research has been done on modeling and simulation of endodontic procedures. This work presents a methodology to design and implement a virtual endodontics test bed for facilitating surgical training of root canal skills. In order to make the system more efficient and effective, the work focuses on the simulation of the most critical step in the entire endodontic procedure, i.e. shaping and cleaning. The paper first proposes a novel approach for estimating filing force and torque by developing a measurement system. Then, a hybrid modeling scheme for endodontic simulation is presented, which consists of a geometric-based endodontic instrument model, a physically-based root canal model, and a parameter identification method for the model.


Progressive cavity pumps are used in industry for the circulation of high viscosity fluids, such as crude oil and petroleum products, sewage sludge, oils, salt water, and wastewater. Also known as single screw pumps, these pumps are composed of a single rotor which has the shape of a rounded screw, which moves inside a rubber stator. The stator has an double helical internal surface which, together with the helical surface of the rotor, creates a cavity that moves along the rotor. The movement effect of the cavity inside the stator is the movement of the fluid with a constant flow and high pressure. In this paper, an algorithm for profiling the rollers for generating the helical surface of the pump rotor with progressive cavities is proposed. These rollers are constituted as tools for the plastic deformation of the blank (in case the pump rotor is obtained by volumetric deformation) or for its superficial hardening.


de Gardelle and Summerfield (1) claimed that, when judging the mean of a set of stimuli, it is optimal to downweight outliers, and that human subjects follow this robust averaging strategy. Here, we show that, in their task, the optimal observer would equally weight all observations. In ref. 1, subjects were presented with a set of eight colors that are denoted by a vector x = (x1, …, x8) and drawn independently from a Gaussian distribution on a red–blue color axis with variance σ2 and mean of either μ (blue) or −μ (red). On a given trial, μ was set randomly to one of two values, and σ2 was set randomly to one of three values. The subject indicated whether the mean was blue (C = 1) or red (C = −1). When the prior probabilities are equal, the optimal decision is based on the likelihoods of both options [i.e., p(x|C = 1) and p(x|C=−1)]. Because μ and σ2 are unknown to the observer, the optimal observer computes these likelihoods by averaging (marginalizing) over all six possibilities (Eq. 1):


Detection thresholds for an octave‐band filtered click, masked by a 500‐msec burst of octave‐band filtered noise were measured as a function of the time delay, Δt, between the onset of the click and the onset of the masker. Signal and masker filters were identical and centered at 500 Hz; signals were presented in both S0N0 and SπN0 phase configurations. The thresholds for the S0 click agree with classical data: backward masking was quite short‐lived; thresholds for Δt=0 and Δt=250 msec were virtually the same (i.e., no overshoot was observed); forward masking decayed approximately linearly with logΔt, reaching asymptote after about 250 msec (Δt=750 msec). The behavior of the Sπ thresholds was quite different. For Δt=0, the threshold for a Sπ click was as much as 15 dB below that for Δt=250 msec. Thus, the MLD for conditions in which click and noise started simultaneously was nearly 30 dB. In forward masking (Δt>500 msec), the Sπ thresholds dropped much slower than the S0 thresholds; after 20 msec (Δt>520 ...


Mpox is a zoonotic disease endemic in Central and West Africa. In May 2022, an outbreak of mpox characterized by human-to-human transmission was detected in multiple non-endemic countries. We performed nowcasting and forecasting for the 2022 mpox outbreak in the United States using the R package EpiNow2. We generated nowcasts/forecasts at the national level, by Census region, and for jurisdictions reporting the greatest number of mpox cases. Modeling results were shared for situational awareness within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Mpox Response and publicly on the CDC website. We retrospectively evaluated forecast predictions at four key phases during the outbreak using three metrics, the weighted interval score, mean absolute error, and prediction interval coverage. We compared the performance of EpiNow2 with a naive Bayesian generalized linear model (GLM). The EpiNow2 model had less probabilistic error than the GLM during every outbreak phase except for the early phase. We share our experiences with an existing tool for nowcasting/forecasting and highlight areas of improvement for the development of future tools. We also reflect on lessons learned regarding data quality issues and adapting modeling results for different audiences.


ALPHA-CHYMOTRYPSIN, an enzyme of the human organism, has lately occupied a prominent position in therapeutics, owing to its excellent effect on inflammatory conditions. Alpha-Chymotrypsin action consists in ^hydrolysis of pathogenic rjqlypeptides in acute conditions, and_ dissolution of fibrous formation in chronic conditions. Owing to its strong nbrolytic, mucolytic, antiswelling and antiinflammatory effects, Alpha-Chymotrypsin gains special importance in otolaryngology, particularly in otology. This enzyme has been widely and successfully used in ophthalmology, plastic surgery, rheumatology, orthopaedics, etc., as indicated by relevant literature. We have applied Alpha-Chymotrypsin ^n cases of chronic adhesive jprocess in adults and catarrhal otitis media in children between the ages of 8 and 14, in two ways, either trans-tympanically by using a fine needle or uplifting of the tympanic membrane. Both procedures were performed under local anaesthesia induced by a 5 : 1 novocaine-adrenaline solution, injected at four points in the external meatus, corresponding to the walls of the canal. Light general anaesthesia was applied in four children. In the transtympanic procedure, Alpha-Chymotrypsin was injected through Schrapnel's membrane, the lower front and the lower back quadrant of the tympanic membrane. In the procedure involving the uplifting of the tympanic membrane the skin of the external meatus was incised as for stapes mobilization, with the help of magnifying glasses. In both procedures 5 mg. of Alpha-Chymotrypsin recently dissolved in 5 c.c. of normal saline was used. The use of a fresh solution is necessary because the enzyme is neutralized if left unused beyond 5-6 hours. Particular care is taken to avoid bringing the syringe and needle in contact with alcohol or any acid, to prevent neutralization of the enzyme. Of the two procedures, the one involving the uplifting of the tympanic membrane is preferable in chronic adhesive processes as on the one hand it permits of taking a better view of the middle-ear cavity and estimating


We show that the non-local polarization response in a multimode circuit-QED setup, devised from a Cooper pair box coupled to a long chain of Josephson junctions, provides an alternative route to access the elusive Kondo screening cloud. For moderate circuit impedance, we compute analytically the universal lineshape for the decay of the charge susceptibility along the circuit, that relates to spatial entanglement between the qubit and its electromagnetic environment. At large circuit impedance, we numerically find further spatial correlations that are specific to a true many-body state.


An energy output structure of a panel vacuum electron device belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronics. The energy output structure of the panel vacuum electron device comprises a panel slow wave structure (1), rectangular inclined waveguide (2) and rectangular straight waveguide (3). The sizes of narrow sides and wide sides of the panel slow wave structure (1), the rectangular inclined waveguide (2) and the rectangular straight waveguide (3) are uniform, the rectangular straight waveguide (3) is parallel to the panel slow wave structure (1), and two ends of the rectangular inclined waveguide (2) are connected with the rectangular straight waveguide (3) and the panel slow wave structure (1) respectively in inclined mode. The energy output structure solves the problems of electron collection and energy output of the high-power panel vacuum electron device, achieves integration of a collector and the energy output structure, and is simple in structure, easy to machine and high in output efficiency.


MINLP models for finding the optimal locations for the feeds and the number of trays required for a specified separation for a distillation column with multiple feeds are presented. Systems with ideal, Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models are considered. This rigorous procedure requires no assumptions concerning the order of the feeds - i.e., the disposition of any feed with respect to other feeds. The optimization step automatically determines the order and the locations


We have developed a new model for determining the thermal expansivity of solids at high pressures and high temperatures up to the melting points. The model has been applied to determine values of thermal expansivity of NaCl and MgO for a wide range of pressures and temperatures. The main finding is that the thermal expansivity decreases with the increase in pressure, and increases with the increase in temperature. The rate of increase of thermal expansivity with temperature calculated along different isobars is found to decrease rapidly with the increase in pressure. This finding is consistent with the thermodynamic constraint according to which the thermal expansivity must approach zero in the limit of extreme compression.


The drinking problems of 4,266 students at 72 colleges in 1984–1985 were compared to the drinking problems of 4,885 students at the same colleges in 1982–1983. The data suggest little change in drinking problems over time, except for a decrease in driving after drinking and while driving.


This paper is on action localization in video with the aid of spatio-temporal proposals. To alleviate the computational expensive segmentation step of existing proposals, we propose bypassing the segmentations completely by generating proposals directly from the dense trajectories used to represent videos during classification. Our Action localization Proposals from dense Trajectories (APT) use an efficient proposal generation algorithm to handle the high number of trajectories in a video. Our spatio-temporal proposals are faster than current methods and outperform the localization and classification accuracy of current proposals on the UCF Sports, UCF 101, and MSR-II video datasets. Corrected version: we fixed a mistake in our UCF-101 ground truth. Numbers are different; conclusions are unchanged


Earth-to-Air Heat Exchangers (EAHE) represent a relatively simple technology that can be easily coupled with traditional HVAC systems as well as with hybrid systems in order to exploit the thermal capacity of the ground. The air is pre-heated in the cold season and pre-cooled in the warm season through the EAHE, thus smoothing the peak loads and reducing the primary energy consumption. The present paper presents an experimental set-up of an EAHE implemented in a rural area in the Sicily region, focusing on the selection of the type of soils and the characteristics of the monitoring system installed to collect information on the actual energy performance of the EAHE.


Water-in-glass evacuated tube solar collectors are widely used in two main configurations: (1) a single row of tilted tubes connected to a header tank, and (2) two rows of horizontal tubes on either side of a central manifold. Published studies on water-in-glass collectors have been focused almost entirely on the former, commonly used for domestic water heating applications. This study considers the latter type, which is well suited to larger solar water heating applications. Experimental data from outdoor testing demonstrates a good fit to the ISO 9459-2 expression for collector performance. This daily heat gain model is used in simulations to illustrate sizing and design applications.


The aim of the research was to determine the influence of early culling of dairy cows, mainly during the course of 1st lactation, on milk production costs. Additionally, direct culling causes and their relation to the rearing period were analysed. The data used for this concerned the production efficiency of Black-and-White cows having a high share of HF blood (75,0-98,5%)' kept in herds in which there was an average of 722 animals, and characterized by having a milk yield above 7000 kg. Data concerning the causes of culling and replacement rate of heifers reared per 100 dairy cows was also used. Milk production costs in 23% of the cows with only 1-st lactafion performance surpassed the value of the produced milk by 50%, and these costs increased up to 5 times in cows whose performance lasted less than 100 days. The reasons for culling primiparous cows were mainly accidental, including metabolic disorders, emaciation, poor yield and infertility. These had their roots in the poor rearing of calves and heifers, mainly because the replacement animals had a history of disease and poor development in their first months of life.


Hemoglobins extracted from fishes that live in temperate waters show little or no dissociation even in the liganded form, unlike human hemoglobin (HbA). To establish whether cold adaptation influences the tendency to dissociate, the dimer-tetramer association constants (L(2,4)) of the carbonmonoxy derivatives of representative hemoglobins from two Antarctic fishes, Trematomus newnesi (Hb1Tn) and Trematomus bernacchii (Hb1Tb), were determined by analytical ultracentrifugation as a function of pH in the range 6.0-8.6 and compared to HbA. HbA is more dissociated than fish hemoglobins at all pH values and in particular at pH 6.0. In contrast, both fish hemoglobins are mostly tetrameric over the whole pH range studied. The extent of hydrophobic surface area buried at the alpha(1)beta(2) interface upon association of dimers into tetramers and the number of hydrogen bonds formed are currently thought to play a major role in the stabilization of the hemoglobin tetramer. These contributions were derived from the X-ray structures of the three hemoglobins under study and found to be in good agreement with the experimentally determined L(2,4) values. pH affects oxygen binding of T. bernacchii and T. newnesi hemoglobins in a different fashion. The lack of a pH effect on the dissociation of the liganded proteins supports the proposal that the structural basis of such effects resides in the T (unliganded) structure rather than in the R (liganded) one.


In order to carry out the spirit of the fourth meeting of the Sixteenth National People's Congress of the Communist Party of China,make farmers get richer and richer,break away from the difficult situation of Jilin province producing the largest quantity of grains and increase the competition in the markets at home and abroad,it is the best choice to develop Jilin green best-quality agriculture.Making green best-quality rice,maize,sorghum,soy and farmous by-products of agriculture as well as green best-quality beef,pork mutton,chicken,not only increases the price of the products,but also can be good for consumers' health,especially for making foreign exchange.


Reducing the airflow and heat input rates of a furnace that is connected to a duct system in thermal contact with unconditioned spaces can significantly reduce thermal distribution efficiency. This is a straightforward theoretical calculation based on the increased residence time of the air in the duct at the lower flow rate, which results in greater conduction losses. Experimental tests in an instrumented residential-size duct system have confirmed this prediction. Results are compared with the heat-loss algorithm in ASHRAE Standid 152P. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible remedies for this loss of efficiency in existing systems and optional design strategies in new construction.


Summary. The article concentrates on issues of the identification of existing types of hipponymic nomination, which somehow reflects the formation of the English-speaking «naive» profane picture of the world. The main features of the new class of names — the names of horses (hipponyms) –were identified in the previous studies. In this study, an attempt was made to adapt the classification of M. N. Torchinsky for describing hipponyms according to structural features, to cover the various zones of functioning of the investigated onyms and to identify the main structural features of the current hipponymicon. The purpose of the article is to describe various types of hipponyms according to their structural features. The object of the study is the names of horses of different types in the UK and the USA. The subject of the research is structural typology of the hipponyms of these regions. The research material includes register lists of names, analytical sites with official materials dedicated to the equestrian world, ratings and under. As the result of the study, three structural models were singled out — simple (and their subtypes: non-suffix, prefixal, suffixal and confixal), complex (and their subtypes: composites proper, affixal composites, abbreviations or complex abbreviations) and composite (and their subtypes: word combinations, word combinations nominal and phrases) — among the three categories of hipponyms (real, virtual and sacral). It was found that the most frequently used structural model of official hipponyms is composite, whereas informal hipponyms have predominantly simple structure. The sacral hipponyms of Great Britain and the United States were not found and, as a result, were not reflected in our sample. To complete the research, descriptive and structural methods were used extensively. These methods allow describing structure of hipponyms. The results of the research are of value to further development and modernization of onomastics. русск. кончить, прикончить, покончить (с), закрыть, прекратить; болг. закривам, прекратявам (а также дескрипции край на нещо). Объект 3) «Исчезновение». Исчезнувшим (либо отсутствующим) является Глаголы: русск. aspects of the result. In the group of prospective nominations, unity is preserved due to the thesaurus implications of mean - ings. These implications include a compulsory reference to the typical situation, typical objects and means of elimination.


BACKGROUND
Whilst unopposed estrogen exposure is considered a major driver of endometrial carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia are also major endometrial cancer risk factors. However, it is unclear whether diets with inflammatory or insulinemic potential are associated with risk of endometrial cancer.

METHODS
We followed 48,330 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1984-2016) and 85,426 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII, 1989-2017). Using food frequency questionnaires, we calculated repeated measures of empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores, that characterize the potential of the whole diet to modulate circulating biomarkers of inflammation or C-peptide, respectively. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for type I endometrial cancer risk.

RESULTS
We documented 1,462 type I endometrial cancer cases over 2,823,221 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, women in the highest, compared with lowest quintiles were at higher risk of type I endometrial cancer (EDIP HRQ5vs.Q1 =1.46; 95% CI, 1.24-1.73, p-trend<.001; EDIH HRQ5vs.Q1 =1.58; 95% CI, 1.34-1.87, p-trend<.001). Additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) attenuated the associations (EDIP HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.87-1.22; EDIH HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85-1.21), and mediation analyses showed that BMI may explain 60.4% (37.4% -79.6%; p<.001) and 71.8% (41.0% -90.4%; p<.001) of the association of endometrial cancer with EDIP and EDIH, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In this large cohort study, higher dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential were each associated with increased endometrial cancer incidence, and this association may be almost entirely mediated by adiposity.


Hanging is a form of ligature strangulation in which the force applied to the neck is derived from the gravitational drag of the weight of the body. Hanging has been classified as typical or atypical depending on the location of the knot area in ligature around the neck. If the knot is present on the occipital region it is designated as a typical hanging or otherwise as an atypical hanging. Course of ligature in the neck is one of the numerous factors that determine the cause of fatal outcome in neck compression by the ligature and thus is considered in the evaluation of dying process and pathomorphology of hanging. We report a rare case of ligature mark on the face in a victim of suicidal hanging where the knot was neither located on the occipital region nor on any other part of the neck.


Marriage license books are documents that were used for centuries by ecclesiastical institutions to register marriage licenses. These books, that were handwritten until the beginning of the 20th century, have interesting information, useful for demography studies and genealogical research. This information is usually collected by expert demographers that devote a lot of time to manually transcribe them. As the accuracy of automatic handwritten text recognizers improves, post-editing the output of these recognizers could be foreseen as a possible alternative. Unluckily, most handwriting recognition techniques require large amounts of annotated images to train the recognition engine. In this paper we carry out a study about how the handwritten recognition system accuracy improves with respect to the amount of training data, and how the human efficiency increases during the transcription of a marriage license book.


In direct torque control of induction machines, none of the switching states is able to generate the exact voltage vector to produce the desired changes in torque and flux in most of the switching instances. This causes a high ripple in torque. This ripple can be reduced by applying a selected inverter switching state for a portion of switching period (defined as duty ratio /spl delta/) and the zero switching state for the rest of the period. The duty ratio during each switching state is a nonlinear function of torque error, flux error and flux position therefore fuzzy logic control is used to determine the duty ratio during each switching state. The simulation results indicate the ripple is reduced to less than 1/3 of the conventional DTC using the duty ratio control. Under duty ratio control the torque depends upon the changes in torque and flux during the zero switching state. These changes are minimized by using the stator flux optimization. >


The current experimental evidence on the value of the q q' mixing angle is summarized in the light of our present theoretical understanding. A value of 8, N -20' is consistent with all present evidence. Submitted to Physical Review D * Work supported by the Department of Energy, contract DE AC03 76SF00515.


By using large-scale structural analysis program Midas/civil,under the action of seismic waves,time-history analysis of the numerical simulation is imposed on the travelling wave effect of seismic response of a real high-pier-span continuous rigid frame bridge.Analysis is about the travelling wave effect of different phase of high-span continuous bridge pier under the action of the seismic waves parallel with the bridge,as well as different impact of the travelling-wave effect on the height difference of bridge piers.The results show that the influence of travelling wave effect on the high-span continuous bridge pier is great.The greater the height difference pier of the bridge,the more obvious effect of the larger waveis.travelling wave effect should be taken into consideration in the seismic design of high-span continuous bridge piers.


DEA is a commonly used classical method to evaluate university performance/efficiency based on input/output.But this method has some limitations,such as the number of indicators and raw data.To solve the problems,a university performance evaluation model is constructed based on AHP and DEA.Firstly,this paper uses AHP to quantify the qualitative data;Secondly,secondary index weights were calculated using AHP to calculate the level indicators as an input/output data,which reducing the number of indicators to conform DEA model' requiring;Finally,the super efficiency scores are counted to appraise and rank the university.


Dielectric constant, spontaneous polarization, and birefringence have been measured between 10 to 290 K on single domain samples of Cu3B7O13Br. BERSET, Guy Alexis, et al. Characterization of copper bromine boracite Cu3B7O13Br. Ferroelectrics, 1988, vol. 79, no. 1, p. 177-180 DOI : 10.1080/00150198808229425


A numerical model of hydraulic resistance by hanging aquaculture facilities is developed and applied to a model basin and a field. A drag stress term formulated by the quadratic law of drag force is introduced Tn the equations of motion for a two-dimensional depth-averaged flow. In the model basin, numerical experiments ave tarried out for the various shape of obstructions, string density and layout of facilities etc.. The flow pattern around the facilities is affected sensitively by the density of string and the layout of facilities. On the other hand, the velocity decay due to the hanging oyster aquaculture facilities is observed in Kamak bay, where the maximum velcocity decay rate is in spring tide. The model is also applied to the field, Kamak bay. The velocity decay rate in the model is comparable with the field measurement data. The velocity decreases around the down-stream area of the facilities, .hut it increases in the other region. The water elevation decreases during the flood and it increases during the ebb.


With the advent of digital cameras and mobile phones, advances in telecommunication and internet, millions of images are uploaded on the internet without much information about the image. An efficient method is necessary for automatic image annotation and indexing for the vast collection of images. Concept detection is task of detecting concepts present in image. In this paper, concept detection is obtained by effectively fusing local feature descriptors and global features descriptors. First object extraction is carried out using edge and color, and the aspect ratio of each extracted object is calculated. The local features of all extracted objects and global features of the image are computed. The detected concept of the query image is displayed based on the local and global feature matching scores obtained using our algorithm. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on Wang's Corel dataset consisting of 1000 images. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the KNN and ANN methods with high accuracy.


A survey of the yields of wheat crops in Peking area and in the sample fields were analysed.The levels of cultural management can be divided into eight categories, according to the correlation between the number of heads per mu and the average weight of individual head.These categories for classification can be used as a standard for the measurement of suitable planting density.Several examples were given to explain the application of this kind of classification in field production.Based on the relationship between planting density and number of heads;the performance of plants bearing larger or smaller number of ears and the requirement of various numbers of heads in different cultivating conditions,certain principles and quantitative indexes for determining the planting rate and seeding rate were suggested.


We calculate the kaon semileptonic form factors in lattice QCD with three flavors of dynamical overlap quarks. Gauge ensembles are generated at pion masses as low as 290 MeV and at a strange quark mass near its physical value. We precisely calculate relevant meson correlators using the all-to-all quark propagator. Twisted boundary conditions and the reweighting technique are employed to vary the momentum transfer and the strange quark mass. We discuss the chiral behavior of the form factors by comparing with chiral perturbation theory and experiments.


(After three hard years at Harvard Law School, the author was ready for a sabbatical!) To see how much a foreign student really can learn about Soviet law, the reader should turn to George Feifer's Justice in Moscow which recounts the experience of a student who spent his days talking to Soviet lawyers and visiting Soviet courts. Two aspects of Logan Robinson's book are disturbing. They are his attempts to present Russian history and his observations on the problem facing Soviet university professors in maintaining their intellectual integrity. While a knowledge of Russian history is certainly essential to an understanding of the Soviet system, Robinson's tales about the intrigues of past rulers do not help the reader much. These pages might have been better devoted to more observations on contemporary life. He attacks Soviet law professors for failing to criticize the more ridiculous aspects of Soviet life in the classroom. He mentions one professor who, when questioned in class, would neither parrot the party line nor point out why the party line was clearly wrong; rather he would evade the question with a joke. Robinson does not mention that at the same time this professor was candid in private conversations with foreigners and was waging a successful campaign for legal reforms to protect the rights of the individual. Nor does he mention the incident in the 1960s when another professor who was outspoken about party stupidities suddenly found himself retired from the Leningrad law faculty and unable to publish despite his extraordinarily distinguished record. This incident makes it clear that the price of a moment of candor in the classroom would be the end of reform efforts like those of the professor whom Robinson mentions.


A new method for measuring mass thickness ( t )sp, of a thin film specimen in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) uses a pre-calibrated thin film reference standard to avoid the need to measure beam current [1]. The beam current just needs to be stable for the duration of the analysis session and a single X-ray spectrum acquired from the reference film allows mass thickness and elemental composition to be determined from all subsequently acquired X-ray spectra. The mass thickness is automatically incorporated into the X-ray absorption correction. Mass thickness for an element is also proportional to the areal density (atoms/m 2 ) and can be used in estimation of beam broadening, modelling of image contrast, EELS quantification and determination of defect density.


We use holographic optical tweezers to create and monitor the liquid flow within a micro-fluidic device. Using the tweezers to both trap and spin micron-sized beads within a 10-20 micron wide channel creates a fluid flow of the order of 200 cubic microns/sec. We also use the optical tweezers to measure the fluid flow by trapping and releasing probe particles that are imaged with high temporal and spatial resolution. Using the multi-trap capability of the holographic optical tweezers we measure the transverse fluid velocity at many positions simultaneously with an accuracy of better than 1 micron/sec. Such studies are highly pertinent to lab-on-chip systems for various applications and studies within the biosciences.


The 'Race to the Bottom' theory suggests that local governments might be reluctant to adopt policies that are helpful towards poorer citizens out of fear of attracting poorer residents from nearby municipalities. Likewise, policies that are helpful to the poor may be costly and can lead to an increase in taxes that may drive away wealthier residents. Municipalities in which a majority of citizens are of one race or economic class, and in which citizens have a distaste for people unlike themselves might also wish to adopt policies encouraged to keep people of different races or classes out. As governments become more centralized and represent larger areas we might expect that citizens become less willing to move in or out of the (larger) jurisdiction of the government, so the 'Race to the Bottom' effect should become weaker, and governments may be more willing to adopt redistributive policies. Similarly, governments with larger jurisdictions are likely to find it more difficult to encourage undesired residents to move out, and might be less willing to adopt costly policies intended to do so. This paper constructs a measure of government centralization within counties in the United States, and finds that counties with more centralized governments do indeed spend significantly more on redistributive polices. This relationship appears robust, and does not appear to be explained by regional differences, rural/urban differences or differences in racial or economic characteristics. On the other hand, I do not find consistent evidence that any differences in policies cause less racial or economic segregation in areas covered by centralized governments. 1 I would like to thank Robert Ellickson for his help developing and crystallizing the ideas explored in this paper. Thanks are also due to Rick Brooks, John Donohue, Keith Chen, Heather Tookes and Fabian Lange for useful discussions. All errors are my own. Hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press


Abstract : The threat to the United States today remains complex and both ambiguous and apparent. While major strides in planning, preparation, funding, and training in support of homeland defense and civil support have occurred over the past 10 years, there remains significant room for improvement. All strategic documents dealing with national security include the imperative of responding to threats to and within the homeland, whether manmade or natural. The complexity of bringing together local, state, federal, and nongovernmental organizations into a coherent functioning organization is as daunting as the importance of the mission. The recommendations of this paper incorporate the reality of a United States military that is shrinking in size and capacity, which means that it is imperative to look at options from a holistic point of view. When the military is required to respond to a catastrophic incident involving significant amounts of both civilian casualties and property damage, it must be prepared to properly respond.


The invention provides a gas cell unit and an atomic oscillator. A gas cell unit (2) includes a gas cell (21) in which a gaseous alkali metal atom is sealed, a first heater (22) to heat the gas cell (21), and a second heater (23) which is provide to face the first heater (22) across the gas cell (21) and heats the gas cell (21). The first heater (22) includes a first heating resistor (222) which generates heat by energization, and the second heater (23) includes a second heating resistor (232) through which a current flows in the same direction as the direction of a current flowing through the first heating resistor and which generates heat by energization. Between the first heating resistor (222) and the second heating resistor (232), a magnetic field generated by the energization to the first heating resistor (222) and a magnetic field generated by the energization to the second heating resistor (232) are mutually cancelled or weakened.


FIELD: packing industry. SUBSTANCE: blank part comprises a cover section and a base section connected by a jointed crease, the base section includes the first main panel and the second main panel. Additionally the blank part comprises also a lower panel adjoining the lengthwise edges of the first and second main panels and side panels with one of them including a side flap adjacent to the lengthwise edge of the side panel, one of the main panels. When the pack is assembled the side flap is nested on the side panel of the other blank part main panel. The total width of the lower panel is equal to the sum of the width of the side panel adjoining the first main panel lengthwise edge and the width of side panel adjoining the second main panel lengthwise edge. The claimed group of inventions relates also to a smoking product pack assembled from the above blank part. EFFECT: group of inventions ensures easy and fast assembly of smoking product packs at conventional assembly equipment. 35 cl, 8 dwg


Subaperture polishing technologies have radically changed the landscape of precision optics manufacturing and enabled the production of components with higher accuracies and increasingly difficult figure requirements. Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF), for example, is a production-proven, deterministic, subaperture finishing technology that has excelled at overcoming the limitations of traditional polishing. Several recent MRF developments will be presented, including complementing Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) technology, transmitted wavefront correction, and finishing of increasingly large apertures. We will also discuss the high precision finishing of challenging optics using a newly developed jet-based technology. A series of examples spanning a wide range of materials, geometries and specifications will be presented. Specific areas to be discussed include micro-optics (i.e., optics less than 5 mm in size), which typically require a very labor-intensive iterative process to finish, and steeply concave optics, such as domes, which are typically not well suited for sub-aperture polishing processes.


Studying the relationship between eggshell quality and ultrastructure is a keystep for improving eggshell quality. Eggshell quality was measured by general methods. Relative calcium content of eggshell layers was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ultrastructure of eggshell layers was observed by environment scanning electron microscope. Correlation of intensity vs relative weight, intensity vs thickness and relative weight vs thickness, which were not in the same level with each other, were 0.444(P 0.01), 0.700(P 0.01) and 0.611(P 0.01), respectively. Relative calcium content of eggshell layers were 32.68%±8.62%, 33.13%±6.58% and 32.35%±8.97% with no significant differences(P 0.05), respectively. There were significant ultrastructure differences in different intensity eggshell layers. Eggshell ultrastructure was really important to eggshell quality.


Training effectiveness is measured by observable changes in knowledge, skills, and attitude after training has been conducted. This study investigates the industry partners' feedback on the On-the-Job training of the Bachelor of Arts in Communication and Bachelor of Arts in Economics interns. The researchers utilized the mixed method approach using the embedded research design. The researchers used the retrospective -descriptive quantitative design for the quantitative data. 40 practicum students' performances were evaluated during their on-the-job training for the School Year 2019 – 2020. Data were analyzed and presented using statistic numerical measures, and the relationship of variables was tested using spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient at a 0.05 significant value. Moreover, the researchers used thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke (2006) for the qualitative data. Results show that there is enough evidence to suggest that there is no statistically significant correlation between the profile of the students and their performance in practicum at α=0.05. Based on these findings, it is inferred that the students' sex and course have no bearing on their shown knowledge and attitude, punctuality and active presence, performance proficiencies, and interpersonal interactions abilities at work. It is also found out that the industry partners noted strengths and weaknesses to the practicum students. This study discovered that the industry partner perceived the practicum students' performance to be competent in actual practice. Additionally, these findings pave way for the Economics and Communication department to select, develop, arrange, and implement meaningful classroom activities that promote sociability and prepare students for future careers.


The invention relates to a retarding brake control system and method. An original power system of an electric car is not changed, only a retarding switch provided with a neutral gear and a plurality of non-neutral gears is additionally arranged, a control device connected with the retarding brake control system is sampled, a motor is controlled to output the braking torque corresponding to the gear position where the retarding switch is located, the function of retarding of the electric car is achieved, and the problems that fatigue, heating of a braking system and the like are caused by deceleration, especially frequent braking by a driver in the downhill traveling process are solved. In addition, the control device is in sampling connection with an accelerator pedal and a braking pedal so that the functions of acceleration, emergency braking and the like in the stable decelerating process of the electric car can be achieved.


One of the most commonly used bonds between two biomolecules is the bond between biotin and streptavidin (SA) or streptavidin homologs (SAHs). A high dissociation constant and the consequent high-temperature stability even allows for its use in nucleic acid detection under PCR conditions. There are a number of SAHs available and for assay design, it is of great interest which SAH will perform best under assay conditions. Albeit there are numerous single studies on the characterization of SAHs in solution or selected solid-phases, there is no systematic study comparing different SAHs for biomolecule binding, hybridization and PCR assays on solid-phases. We compared streptavidin, core streptavidin, traptavidin, core traptavidin, neutravidin and monomeric streptavidin on the surface of microbeads (10 - 15 µm in diameter). We designed multiplex microbead-based experiments and analyzed simultaneously the binding of biotinylated oligonucleotides, the hybridization of oligonucleotides to complementary capture probes. We also bound comparably large DNA-origamis to capture probes on the microbead surface. We used a real-time fluorescence microscopy imaging platform, with which it is possible to subject samples to a programmable time and temperature profile and to record binding processes on the microbead surface depending on time and temperature. With the exception of core traptavidin and monomeric streptavidin, all other SA/SAHs were suitable for our investigations. We found hybridization efficiencies close to 100 % for streptavidin, core streptavidin, traptavidin, and neutravidin. These could all be considered as equally suitable for hybridization, PCR applications, and melting point analysis. The SA/SAH-biotin bond was temperature-sensitive when the oligonucleotide was mono-biotinylated, with traptavidin being the most stable followed by streptavidin, neutravidin. Mono-biotinylated oligonucleotides can be used in experiments with temperatures up to 70 °C. When oligonucleotides were bis-biotinylated, all SA/SAH-biotin bonds had similar temperature stability even under PCR conditions, regardless of whether they were a Streptavidin variant with slower biotin dissociation and increased mechanostability.


Abstract : In this project we have investigated the generation, interaction and energetic impact of electrosprayed nanodroplets and molecular ions, covering continuously the projectile size range from 1 nm up to hundreds of nm. The 1-20 nm size range is of great interest to achieve variable specific impulse (Isp) from 100 s to 1000 s in drop-based electrical propulsion, while pure molecular ion emission enables higher Isp. The resulting knowledge is directly applicable to electrospray thrusters/electric propulsion), and will lead to new opportunities in other fields such as MEMS and IC fabrication. The specific research problems tackled during this projects and accomplishments include: the development of a basic electrospray beam model, and measurements of the spreading of the beam at varying temperature; the experimental characterization and typical thruster surfaces bombarded by electrosprayed nanodroplets, and a molecular dynamics study of the physics of nanodroplet impact; the extension of the minimum size of electrosprayed nanodroplets, and the exploration of energetic propellants for propulsion and sputtering; and molecular dynamics simulations of the fragmentation and emission of ions from ionic liquids.


The quintessence theory on contradiction of Marxism is considered the ideological source of the dialectic leading thought of Deng Xiao ping.Deng Xiao ping carried forward the quintessence theory on contradiction of Marxism, and developed the dialectic leading thought on the basis of the establishment of the ideological line of seeking truth from facts. The creative solution to a great range of important issues in Chinese revolution and construction through the application of the quintessence theory on contradiction of Marxism is the outstanding embodiment of Deng's dialectic leading theory.


The amount of data exchanged over mobile networks has increased exponentially over the past few years, mainly because of the introduction of a variety of smartphones, and of the iPhone in particular. This trend is not expected to slow down in the near future, as the mobile market is continuously enriched with new services and innovative wireless-enabled devices in the fields of consumer and professional electronics (e.g. A fundamental element of this (r)evolution is the omnipresence of high-capacity connectivity, enabled by the fast development of broadband wireless technologies: today third generation/ Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3G/UMTS), tomorrow fourth generation (4G), in the form of Long Term Evolution (LTE), as well as the process of densification [1] of wireless networks, with the deployment of short-range low-power base stations (BSs) to create so-called pico-and femtocells. This last evolution is a major trend in the current growth of mobile networks, and is based on a well-known law in wireless systems: the gain resulting from the reuse of the same radio resource in non-contiguous cells drives the increase of the number of BSs deployed within a given area (i.e., their density). Cell densification is becoming a key technique in wireless networks deployment, as it enables the increase of capacity and energy efficiency in wireless networks [1]. The reason is that in a non-empty space (i.e., in the vast majority of real cases) the power necessary to provide service to a user increases quicker than the distance between the BS and the user's mobile terminal (MT) (mainly due to the attenuation undergone by the transmission). As an example, the total power consumed by four BSs is generally smaller than the consumption of a high-power BS covering an equivalent area, and the capacity is about four times higher. Unfortunately , the first wave of densification is occurring as an additional layer to existing macrocell BSs, aiming at absorbing the peaks of capacity demand, and not as their replacement, an evolution expected to happen in a longer timeframe. Densified wireless networks are thus composed of superposed small (low-power) cells and large (high-power) cells, and are generally referred to as heterogeneous networks. Currently, heterogeneous networks are natively overdimensioned: when traffic is low, the probability of unused (i.e., unnecessary) BSs increases considerably, particularly when the cell size is small. Unused BSs are one of the main sources of energy waste in current wireless networks. This is due to the …


In recent years,the safety of dairy products is the focus of food security in our country.The lagged application of new detection technology and the lack of the standards are one of the major reasons of dairy safety events.In this paper,various pollution sources and detection techniques of dairy products are summarized and analyzed.The chromatography,analytical chemistry,immunology,molecular biology,LAMP and biochips are applied,and the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are discussed through comprehensive analysis for future detection technology of diary products,which will provide a reference to fast and accurate detection of harmful ingredients in dairy products and the development of detection technologies.


Introduction, Jonathan Ellis and Daniel Guevara Foreword, David Hills 1. Meaning and Understanding, Barry Stroud 2. Seeing an Aspect and Seeing Under an Aspect, Brian O'Shaughnessy 3. Wittgenstein on the Role of Experience in Understanding Language, John Campbell 4. Rule-Following Revisited, Warren Goldfarb 5. The Private Language Argument One More Time, Robert Fogelin 6. Rules, Privacy, and Physicalism, Jim Hopkins 7. Conceiving of Conscious States, Christopher Peacocke 8. Sensations, Phenomenal Character, and the Philosophy of Mind, Jonathan Ellis 9. Das Uberraschende: Wittgenstein on the Surprising in Mathematics, Juliet Floyd 10. Pain: A Philosophical Borderland, Claude Imbert 11. Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Psychology: Methodological Reflections, P. M. S. Hacker


MicroRNA-3099 (miR-3099) plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal differentiation and development of the central nervous system (CNS). The miR-3099 is a pro-neuronal miRNA that promotes neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) differentiation into neuronal lineage by suppressing astrogliogenesis. Down syndrome (DS) brain exhibited increased astrogliogenesis and reduced neuronal cell density. The involvement of miR-3099 in the neurodevelopment of DS has not been investigated and potentially responsible for the neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift phenomenon observed in DS brain. To investigate the role of miR-3099 during DS brain development, neural/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, we profiled miR-3099 expression level in the Ts1Cje, a mouse model for DS. We analysed the Ts1Cje whole brain at embryonic day (E) 10.5, E14.5 and P1.5, proliferating neurospheres and differentiating neurospheres at 3, 9 and 15 days in vitro (DIV). Expression of miR-3099 in both the developing mouse brain and the differentiating neurosphere was not significantly different between Ts1Cje and wild type controls. In contrast, the expression level of miR-3099 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in proliferating NSPC derived from the Ts1Cje compared to wild-type. Further molecular profiling of NPSC and glial cell markers indicated that the expression of Sox2 (p<0.01) and Gfap (p<0.05) were significantly downregulated in Ts1Cje neurospheres as compared to that of wild type, respectively. While there were no significant differences in Tuj1 and Nestin expression levels between the Ts1Cje and wild type neurospheres, their expression levels were ~3-fold upregulated and ~2.6 downregulated Ts1Cje group, respectively. The findings suggest that dysregulation of miR-3099 affects NSPC lineage commitment as indicated by altered postmitotic neuronal cell markers. Further molecular characterisation and gene expression profiling of other neuronal and glial markers will help refine the analysis of gene-gene interactions underlying the neuropathologies of DS.


Acknowledgments.Editor's Introduction.Part I What Were the Crusades?1. Pope Urban II's Preaching of the First Crusade. (H. E. J. Cowdrey)2. Crusading as an Act of Love. (Jonathan Riley-Smith)3. Reconquest and Crusade in Spain, c. 1050-1150. (R. A. Fletcher)4. Crusades Against Christians. (Norman Housley)5. Were There Any Crusades in the Twelfth Century? (Christopher J. Tyerman)Part II Who Were the Crusaders?6. Medieval Charters as a Source for the History of the Crusades. (Giles Constable)7. Early Crusaders to the East and the Costs of Crusading, 1095-1130. (Jonathan Riley-Smith)8. The Roots of Lay Enthusiasm for the First Crusade. (Marcus Bull)9. Patronage and the Appeal of the First Crusade. (John France)Part III Impact of the Crusades on the East.10. Byzantium and the Crusades. (Steven Runciman)11. The Reaction of Syrian Muslims after the Foundation of the First Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. (Nikita Elisseeff)12. The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant. (Benjamin Z. Kedar)Index.


Comorbidities and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are ubiquitous, with cardiovascular disease being the most common and significant [1, 2]. Numerous cohort studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular-related mortality in patients with COPD [3–6]. Interestingly, this association is often seen in mild and moderate COPD [4]. It is both disappointing and depressing that both the management of cardiovascular disease and the assessment of risk in patients with COPD is repeatedly suboptimal [7]. Defining risk for any individual is likely to lead to an improvement in recognition and, ultimately, risk management and prognosis [8]. In an age where identification of risk is as important as causality, we must challenge the status quo. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal, Rabinovich et al. [9] report the results of their study of plasma desmosine as a marker of cardiovascular risk in COPD. The amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine are involved in elastin cross-linking, have utility as a measure of elastin breakdown [10], and may have value in determining both risk of cardiovascular disease and a link to a possible causal mechanism. Elastin loss may be the link between COPD and cardiovascular disease http://ow.ly/YVwFC


The global increasing population demands for more food production and food processing which consequently results in more food waste generation. The total waste produced in different stages of processing of food generally comprises of peels, pomace, seed, pulp, unused flesh and damaged food which is biodegradable in nature. These by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, antioxidants and phytochemicals. They are the storehouse of complex carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nutraceuticals depending on the nature of product produced for example poultry and meat industries are rich the source of proteins and lipids, fruits and vegetable processing industries are rich in bioactive compounds and cereal industries are good source of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber. The food waste or by-products are important source of colorants, fiber, flavoring and antimicrobials which are used in food industry as a source of food additives. The phenolic compounds present in by products of different foods exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory activity and play a major role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular problems, osteoporosis, thrombosis, platelets aggregation and diabetes in humans. By products from different industries can be used to develop value added products in India where poverty and malnutrition are the major issues. Developing effective policies for the utilization of food waste along the value chain can help reduce food waste problem and contribute towards food security and sustainability.Keywords: By products, Bioactive compounds, Food industry, Food waste.


We show how the kohonen self-organizing feature map model can be extended so that partial training data can be utilized. Given input stimuli in which values for some elements or features are absent, the match computation and the weight updates are performed in the input subspace defined by the available values. Three examples, including an application to student modelling for intelligent tutoring systems in which data is inherently incomplete, demonstrate the effectiveness of the extension.


Abstract The increase in the incidence and intensity of multiple shocks emanating from various fronts has left households vulnerable to various upheavals, case in point, food shortage—a prerequisite of food insecurity and poor nutrition. In analysing the nexus between remittances and food security and nutrition in the context of shocks, the paper adopts and links the household utility framework to the insurance hypothesis from the new economic labour migration theory. Using the coping strategy index, food consumption score, and household dietary diversity, we assess the effects of remittances on food security and nutrition in the context of shocks. The novelty of this paper is the creation of a shock index that captures the intensity of correlated multiple shocks that affect households. We concomitantly capture overall remittances, and disaggregated the remittances based on form and location. By employing integrated household survey round 5 data, and various econometric techniques, the paper finds that remittances are only effective in improving household food and nutrition security for households facing more intense multiple shocks but have no effect on dietary diversity. The paper therefore reveals the importance of remittances as a strategy in combating food insecurity and poor nutrition in the context of household shocks.


The invention relates to an optical strain gauge (1) using a glass fibre as a strain sensor. The strain gauge comprises a glass fibre comprising a sheath. The sheath has the following composition: a mixture of polyether ether ketone and an admixture of at least 10 weight percent and a maximum of 40 weight percent of an inorganic filler, with a particle size of between 0.08 mum and 12 mum. The outer diameter of the sheath is between 0.2 mm and 1.2 mm. The ratio D/d between the outer diameter D of the sheath and the diameter d of the glass fibre is between 2 and 6. A pressure of the sheath on the glass fibre is such that essentially no relative movement can occur between the glass fibre and the sheath.


In recent years, the organizations of the science fairs at schools have been emphasized on. Science fairs are important since students' perceptions, attitudes, and achievements towards sciences are affected positively by the science fairs. It is important to carry out studies for science fairs and follow up this process in this context. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the 4006 coded TUBITAK science fairs and the problems experienced by sciences teachers during the preparation and implementation stages of the fair. For this purpose, the study was carried out within the framework of the Phenomonographic approach, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consists of 20 sciences teachers who participated in the support program of TUBITAK science fairs coded 4006 in the 2018-2019 academic year in Istanbul. In the study, a semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool. When the interview form was examined; It was determined that the majority of the teachers participating in the study demonstrated positive thoughts towards 4006 TUBITAK science fairs. Teachers stated that students who participated in science fairs developed skills such as imagination, active participation, self-confidence, socialization, work awareness, and responsibility.


The study is based on the comparative analysis of the Russian and Chinese languages. The presented research fragments show the specificity of the phraseological units with the word dog/gou in both languages, which reflects the features of mentality of native speakers of these cultures.