To increase margins over requirements and improve structural performance, it was desired to reduce the weight of the optical bench in the Laser Transmitter Unit (LTU) of the Rapid Airborne MIne Clearance System (RAMICS) program. First-mode response for both the optical bench and bench/housing combination is of critical importance to the stability and long-term field performance of this system. Several candidate materials were reviewed and analyzed against the previous design in 7075 aluminum. AlBeMet AM162 was chosen for its high Young's modulus, lower density, and a number of other factors as discussed. Finite element modeling is presented which was used in the downselect process. An optical bench weight reduction of 50% was achieved due to material and design changes, as well as an improvement in the first-mode frequency of the laser transmitter based on analysis. Vibration testing results and a comparison of fabrication costs are also presented.


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to a compound of formula where X represents OR1, SR1 or NR1R2 where R1 and R2 independently represent C 1 -C 5 lower alkyl, and R1 and R2 in NR1R2 can form a 5-7-members ring including an O heteroatom; or to its stereoisomer, to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate. Besides, the invention refers to a method for making thereof and to a based pharmaceutical composition exhibiting DPP-IV inhibitor activity. EFFECT: new compounds which can find application in medicine for prevention or treatment of the DPP-IV associated diseases, such as diabetes or obesity are produced. 12 cl, 1 tbl, 2 dwg, 18 ex


To deal with the coupling in the electrical controller for a three-phase arc furnace,we present a support-vector-machine approximation-based internal-model control strategy.From the Taylor-approximation model of a general electric arc furnace,we directly derive the inverse control law for eliminating the coupling in the electrical controller for the three-phase arc furnace.This avoids a large amount work in computation required in the online identification of the inverse model.In addition,a nonlinear compensation is introduced to the internal-mode configuration to ensure the system robustness in case of parameter variation and external disturbances.The stability and robustness are established by using the Lyapunov method.The proposed nonlinear controller is verified by computer simulations.


Physics' curricula of Italian Scientific High Schools in the last years have been enhanced by the introduction of Quantum Mechanics and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). Education monitoring reveals that last year's students are experiencing many issues in learning in their second language (L2) and advanced and counter-intuitive contents. Our experiment is aimed at understanding and then overcoming those problems using educational methodologies based on social aspects. Thanks to the Internet, a communicative style can be exploited where teachers could keep teaching, playing the role of semiotic mediators. Multimedia and simulations broadly available in MOOCS suggested a flipped classroom approach coping with the project of CLIL lessons. In our experience two classrooms of students were selected, starting from very similar performances and skills. The first one was taught with traditional lectures and tests; the second one, instead, attended to experimental lessons. Students could share their ideas and learning supports through a Facebook group, a blog, virtual classrooms and a website. Nevertheless, at the end of the experience an eTwinning exchange was planned, to spread the experiment towards foreign schools. The outcomes of the tests performed on the students were analysed and unexpected results were drawn. An extension to larger numbers of students, the introduction of different methodologies and the research about different topics in Physics could potentially develop this research.


This article develops a game theoretic model of a supply chain with one supplier and two risk-averse retailers competing in price, service and lot size, where the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) production-inventory policy is adopted. After studying the existence of EOQ equilibrium, we investigate how to adjust their decisions when the economic environment changes. We find that one retailer will decrease its optimal lot size, retail price and service level when it becomes more risk averse or its service investment efficiency decreases. When the supplier's capacity increases, the retailers will reduce retail price and increase service level, which in turn results in a higher lot size. The effect of the risk sensitivity of one retailer on the rival retailer's decisions depends on the relative service cost efficiency of the retailer. When the absolute risk aversion and service investment efficiency of one retailer increase, the supplier's profitability will increase due to a higher total expected demand. We further give the managerial insights for practitioners, which helps managers to make right decisions in an uncertain environment.


s (maximum 250 words) should be sent before 15 March 2012 to: firstname.lastname@example.com Simultaneous interpretation (Spanish/English) will be available. For complete Call for Papers please visit: http://polanyi-concordia.ca/ ISSN 1360-4813 print/ISSN 1470-3629 online/12/01–20264–1 # 2012 Taylor & Francis http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2012.662380 CITY, VOL. 16, NOS. 1–2, FEBRUARY–APRIL 2012


This culture enables all employees to use their initiative, take risk, experiments, innovate and un-grade their potentialities to meet the existing and future challenges in short and long term perspectives. In this connection working conditions of employees within organization play a vital role for enhancing the economic productivity of an organization. At the national level, the dimension of HRD needs to be reviewed periodically and adjustments made according to the change in environment. India has one of the largest reservoirs of human resource in the World, which can combat any problem in the process of development especially at the economic level. The main objective of the study is to assess the levels of the utilization of human resources as well as to determine the functional status of the units. Keeping the above aspects under consideration, the study selected two large scale industrial units Viz., Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. and Coromandel Fertilizers Ltd. For the purpose of the study the data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was entered using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software and STATISTICA. Univariate and bi-variate tables were generated and chi-square tests and t-tests were carried out for testing the hypothesis at problem the level itself. The very purpose of this research is to know the opinion of the Employees on working conditions in Petrochemical and Fertilizer industries the effect of the development in industrial organizations and the development of productivity culture in the employees. INTRODUCTION In management, the concept of HRD was formally introduced in 1969 by Prof. Len Nadler in America at American society for Training and Development Conference. The concept of HRD has its relevance at both the micro and the macro levels in the context of improving the quality of human life. At the organizational level it is considered to be concerned with improving the quality of workers so as to achieve the higher levels of productivity. HRD was described as the core of all developmental efforts in view of improving the quality of the life of all human beings. The purpose of all developmental activities in a nation remains to improve the living conditions of the human beings. Similarly, HRD at micro-level involves certain mechanisms and techniques such as performance of appraisal, counselling, training organizational development etc., to facilitate the development of human resources. NEED FOR THE STUDY Keeping the above aspects under consideration, the study assessed the levels of the utilization in human resources in the varied conditions particularly in the Petro-Chemical and Fertilizer industries which have become core industrial category in the existing and future scenario. The importance of human capital in any organization is increasing day by day. Apart from this the retention of talented people has become the biggest problem of ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 1 | January 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 5.614||ISI Value: 1.188 2020 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013 85 the HR Manager. To involve workers at the grass root level for periodically discussing work related problems. Quality circle consists of small groups of employees which are formed voluntarily. They work on the simple premise that the people who do a job every day know more about it than anyone else, particularly when quality or productivity is involved. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The mechanism emphasizes the development of the employees (by identifying their growth needs) rather than their evaluation. Open, objective and participative appraisal and feedback develop better superior – subordinate relations. During the appraisal interview the superior shares the concerns of the subordinate and even guides him to achieve his targets. For overall development of workers, good wages alone are not enough. They also need to be provided with good physical conditions and amenities and motivating work. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY  To assess the status of working conditions of the employees in the selected units.  To assess the role of human resource in the industry and also determine the encouragement on creativity and innovation status in selected Organizations.  To trace the technological advancement related problems, bottlenecks and deficiencies arising in various spheres.  To access the status of skill development and issues involved to sort out in selected organisations. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research paradigms to be engaged in are dictated by the nature of the method, not by the preferred inquiry methodology of the researchertheorist or the practitioner-theorist (Lynham, 2002). The main objective of the study is to assess the levels of the utilization of human resources as well as to determine the functional status of the units. Keeping the above aspects under consideration, the study selected two large scale industrial units Viz., Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. and Coromandel Fertilizers Ltd. The survey is an important type of study it must not be confused with the more clerical routine of gathering and tabulating figures. It involves a clearly defined problem and definite objectives. It requires expert and imaginative planning, careful analysis and interpretation of the data gathered, logical and skillful reporting of the findings. Primary data was entered using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software and STATISTICA. Uni-variate and bi-variate tables were generated and chi-square tests and t-tests were carried out for testing the hypothesis at problem the level itself. The 2 test: The Chi-square (2) test is one of the simplest and most widely used non-parametric tests in statistical work. The symbol 2 is the Greek letter chi. the 2 test was first used by Karl Pearson in the year 1900. The quantity 2 describes the magnitude of the discrepancy between theory and observation.


We describe a systematic investigation on the humidity driven swelling behavior of a homologous series of surface-attached N-alkylacrylamide hydrogels. To this, first a series of copolymers is synthesized, each comprising an N-alkylacrylamide with an appropriate chain length of the alkyl substituent and a UV-active cross-linker, (methacryloyloxy)benzophenone (MABP). Thin films of the copolymers are deposited onto silicon substrates precoated with a self-assembled monolayer of benzophenone (BP) silane or directly onto polymer films deposited on solid substrates. Upon irradiation with UV light (λ = 254 nm), the BP moieties present in the copolymer (and when applicable at the surface of the substrate) are activated, which leads to the simultaneous cross-linking of the polymer chains and surface attachment of the forming gel. The cross-link density of the gels is tuned by varying the mole fraction of MABP in the copolymer ranging from 1% to 10.0% MABP. The swelling of the gels is studied using optical wavegui...


The temporal aggregate in temporal databases is an extension of the conventional aggregate to include the time on the range condition of aggregation. It is a useful operation for Historical Data Warehouses, Call Data Records, and so on. In this paper, we propose a structure for the temporal aggregation with multiple selection predicates, called the ITA-tree, and an aggregate processing method based on the structure. In the ITA-tree, we transform the time interval of a record into a single value, called the T-value. Then, we index records according to their T-values like a -tree style. For possible hot-spot situations, we also propose an improvement of the ITA-tree, called the eITA-tree. Through analyses and experiments, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method.


Four 1,2-bis(amidoxime)s bearing benzoate groups were synthesized. Their complexing properties were studied by the liquid-liquid extraction of selected alkali (Na + and K + ) and transition metals (Hg 2 + , Cu 2 + , Pb 2 + and Ni 2 + ). It has been observed that all ligands show a high affinity to Cu 2 + and Hg 2 + ions, whereas almost no affinity to alkali metals.


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: Objective: Autologous Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, but its effect is still controversial. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male white Vienna rabbits were divided randomly into two main groups control and PRP. Each group included fourteen rabbits. Tooth movement was measured in seven rabbits from each group after 3 and 14 days respectively. Orthodontic tooth movement was generated by closed coil spring ligated between the mandibular first premolar and mandibular central incisors on both sides. The tooth movement was measured by measuring the space between mandibular first and second premolar using an orthodontic gauge and presented in mm. Results: The mean tooth movement after fourteen days in the PRP group was 3.44 mm while mean tooth movement in the control group was 2.53 mm. There was significant difference between PRP group and control group after fourteen days. Conclusion: The PRP could be an effective method for orthodontic tooth movement acceleration.


Stress corrosion tests were conducted on 316 VIM/VAR stainless steel as part of the Tritium Facility's Quality Assurance Program. Initial results under severe conditions indicate earlier-than-expected failure. We are expanding our tests to further examine this problem.


To optimize its field operations, the Charlotte‐Mecklenburg Utility Department (CMUD) merged its water distribution and wastewater collection work groups into a single division. The success of this integration began with an understanding that it is critical to have the right people, an organization's most valuable resource, in the right roles. Performance at a level of excellence is possible only when people are engaged and working in areas that suit their natural strengths. CMUD's challenge was to maximize the potential of its staff, to identify potential leadership in the organization, and to create a work environment that employees do not want to leave. The key to CMUD's success was using a strengths‐based approach to build an organization that facilitates managing the organization's knowledge and resources for long‐term sustainability.


In order to study the genetic rule of the resisitance to soybean pod borer,five generation populations( P1,P2,F1,F2and F2∶3) came from 1068( the susceptible material to soybean pod borer with high yield) and 8004( the resistant material to soybean pod borer) were taken as materials to study the genetic rule of the resistance to soybean pod borer by using major gene and polygene inheritance model. The results showed that the resistance to soybean pod borer was controlled by one major-gene with additive-dominant effect and polygene with additive-dominance-epistasis effect( Model D-0).


Augmented Virtual Environments (AVE) or Virtual‐Reality Fusion systems fuse dynamic videos with static three‐dimensional (3D) models of a virtual environment to provide an optimal solution for visualizing and understanding multichannel surveillance systems. However, texture distortion caused by viewpoint changes in such systems is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. To minimize texture fusion distortion, this paper presents a novel virtual environment system in two phases, offline and online phases, to dynamically fuse multiple surveillance videos with a virtual 3D scene. In the offline phase, a static virtual environment is obtained by performing a 3D photogrammetric reconstruction from the input images of the scene. In the online phase, the virtual environment is augmented by fusing multiple videos through two optional strategies. One strategy is to dynamically map images of different videos onto a 3D model of the virtual environment, and the other is to extract moving objects and represent them as billboards. The system can be used to visualize a 3D environment from any viewpoint augmented by real‐time videos. Experiments and user studies in different scenarios demonstrate the superiority of our system.


The seemingly unrelated regressions model (SUR) contains a set of statistical equations that are related only through correlations between the stochastic disturbances [12]. The SUR model is appropriate when some of the factors that influence the disturbance in one equation are believed to influence the disturbances in the other equations [6]. It has been applied in a wide variety of empirical studies [10; 7; 1]. There is, however, a curious tension in the SUR model.' On one hand, the researcher implicitly identifies specific, unobserved variables in the statistical model. On the other hand, she assumes that these variables are part of the disturbance. In other words, they must be uncorrelated with the observed independent variables in the equations, otherwise the SUR estimates will be inconsistent.


The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) is a brief self-report test that aids in assessing cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression. Schools, child guidance clinics, pediatric practices, and child psychiatric settings are common users of this instrument. The Children's Depression Inventory is used by clinicians and counselors to help: Assess self-reported key symptoms of depression, such as a child's feelings of worthlessness and loss of interest in activities; Support diagnosis and treatment planning; Conduct clinical research. Participants are required to answer 27-items using the paper-and-pencil format and should be between the ages of 7 and 17. Approximately 5-10 minutes is necessary for completion. Author Maria Kovacs, 1992 For more information and to Purchase Pearson Assessments Administration, Analysis and Reporting Statistics Solutions consists of a team of professional methodologists and statisticians that can assist the student or professional researcher in administering the survey instrument, collecting the data, conducting the analyses and explaining the results. For additional information on these services, click here. Dissertations Using the Children's Depression Inventory Below is a list of published dissertations that use the CDI. The full versions of these dissertations can be found on ProQuest.


A method of preparing a graphene composite nanoparticles loaded friction reducing antiwear additives, expanded graphite, nano-particles, dispersed in a solvent phacoemulsification ultrasonic disperser to obtain a homogeneous mixture of dispersion A; A in an ultrasonic dispersion system It was subjected to ultrasonic cell crusher release treatment, ultrasound expanded graphite release multilayer graphene sheet and multi-layered graphene sheets loaded nanoparticles to obtain a dispersion B after the completion of the ultrasonic peeling; the dispersion was allowed to stand for system B separated, and remove the black portion turbid liquid high-speed centrifugation, and the isolated solid was washed to neutrality, to obtain a solid C; C the solid was placed in a vacuum oven and dried to obtain the graphene nanoparticles loaded composites antifriction anti-wear additives. The method of the present invention is simple, easy process control, and suitable for industrial production, the preparation of a compound of the friction reducing antiwear additive having good stability, low coefficient of friction, excellent anti-wear performance characteristics, has wide application in the field of friction and wear prospect.


Cardiomyopathy (KAR-de-o-mi-OP-ah-thee) refers to diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases have many causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick, or rigid. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissue. As cardiomyopathy worsens, the heart becomes weaker. It's less able to pump blood through the body and maintain a normal electrical rhythm. This can lead to heart failure or irregular heartbeats called arrhythmias (ah-RITH-me-ahs). In turn, heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the lungs, ankles, feet, legs, or abdomen. The weakening of the heart also can cause other complications, such as heart valve problems. Overview The main types of cardiomyopathy are:


Raglan, a prominent headland on the west coast of New Zealand, provides an ideal case study to understand issues surrounding the construction of surfing headlands and reefs. A number of extensive investigations have been previously undertaken at the headland related to surfing parameters, e.g. bathymetry, wave refraction and wave peel angles. However, there has been no research undertaken on the currents and sediment dynamics at the headland. Investigations have shown that both a supply of sediment around the headland due to wave-driven currents, i.e. west coast littoral supply, and importantly a recirculating transport pathway, sustain the sandy seabed adjacent to the headland's rock and reef shoreline. Surfing reef design should consider the possibility of using recirculating currents beneficially, so that potential looping sediment fluxes may be created to maintain the stability of the seabed adjacent to the structure. The results have also shown that there is a strong control on sediment transport where sandy and hard substrate interact which allowing sediment equilibrium conditions to evolve. However, despite mean bed levels remaining fairly stable, significant sand movements at the headland give insight into the potential for very large fluctuations at the toe of an surfing reef. Scour and undermining of the reef are likely to occur, which would require a protection apron to prevent collapse of the reef structure and a reduction in wave quality. ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS: Sediment transport, bed stability, scour, surfing, surfing reef INTRODUCTION Multi-purpose surfing reefs are increasingly being considered throughout the world as a viable option for coastal protection, ecological enhancement, and increased amenity through the creation of surfing waves (e.g. MEAD and BLACK, 2002). To better understand issues surrounding the construction of surfing headlands and reefs a case study was undertaken at Raglan, a large-scale surfing headland on the west coast of New Zealand. The scope of this study was to not only focus on the surfing aspects of the headland, but also on investigating the coastal processes in this environment. These are of fundamental importance for understanding the mechanism that maintains the stability of the seabed adjacent to the rock and reef armoured shoreline. The resulting data and insight will lead to greater scientific and engineering knowledge, of application both for coastal protection and the future development of surfing reefs. REVIEW OF PAST STUDIES Surfing Headlands and Groynes The stability provided to the coast by headlands has led to the investigation and construction of surfing headlands as a means of protecting coastlines from significant erosion (Figure 1)(SILVESTER and HSU, 1997). This includes an attempt to simulate the crenulate-shaped


Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E analog, was recently approved for use in the prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced ulcer disease. Its commonest side effects, diarrhea and abdomin...


Arsenic circulation in an arsenic-rich freshwater ecosystem was elucidated to detect arsenic species in the river water and in biological samples living in the freshwater environment. Water-soluble arsenic compounds in biological samples were extracted with 70% methanol. Samples containing arsenic compounds in the extracts were treated with 2 mol dm3 of sodium hydroxide and reduced with sodium borohydride. The detection of arsenic species was accomplished using a hydride generation/cold trap/cryofocus/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HG/CT/CF/GC-MS) system. The major arsenic species in the river water, freshwater algae and fish are inorganic arsenic, dimethylarsenic and trimethylarsenic compounds, respectively. Trimethylarsenic compounds are also detected in aquatic macro-invertebrates. The freshwater unicellular alga Chlorella vulgaris, in a growth medium containing arsenate, accumulated arsenic and converted it to a dimethylarsenic compound. The water flea Daphnia magna, which was fed on arsenic-containing algae, converted it to a trimethylarsenic species. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Decade of Action for Road Safety and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have as objective to halve road safety deaths and injuries by 2020. These targets have captured the attention of global actors who have the status and resources to influence national policy makers and international donors. But these targets are a shared responsibility, and all partners, including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are essential to this work. Efforts are underway to establish the UN Road Safety Fund to provide catalytic grant funding; it is estimated than an additional US$770 million will be needed annually over the next decade to achieve the SDG road safety targets. The Global Alliance of NGOs for Road Safety has as strategic objective to foster multi-sector partnerships following the SDGs and goal number 17. Through the years the Alliance has grown its stakeholder's network, having the capability to successfully work with governments, multinational companies, international and local organizations. In 2015 the Alliance launched an initiative with FedEx, with the company's pledge of investing USD 1 M to support the Alliance Empowerment Program, a ground breaking capacity-building initiative that mentors, trains, funds, and convenes NGOs from across the globe to align them towards the SDGs number 3 and 11. This collaboration between the Alliance and FedEx has proven how the private sector can play a key role beyond the economic support. FedEx has provided best-in-class training from its experts in communications, road safety, marketing, leadership and other capacity building topics, for the Alliance Empowerment Program. Multi-sector partnerships have great potential if efforts and resources are aligned with global goals. Civil society and not-for-profit organizations have an opportunity to take the lead to pursue companies to revitalize global partnerships for sustainable development goals.


This paper focuses on finite-time in-network computation of linear transforms of distributed graph data. Finite-time transform computation problems are of interest in graph-based computing and signal processing applications in which the objective is to compute, by means of distributed iterative methods, various (linear) transforms of the data distributed at the agents or nodes of the graph. While finite-time computation of consensus-type or more generally rank-one transforms have been studied, systematic approaches toward scalable computing of general linear transforms, specifically in the case of heterogeneous agent objectives in which each agent is interested in obtaining a different linear combination of the network data, are relatively less explored. In this paper, by employing ideas from algebraic geometry, we develop a systematic characterization of linear transforms that are amenable to distributed in-network computation in finite-time using linear iterations. Further, we consider the general case of directed inter-agent communication graphs. Specifically, it is shown that almost all linear transformations of data distributed on the nodes of a digraph containing a Hamiltonian cycle may be computed using at most N linear distributed iterations. Finally, by studying an associated matrix factorization based reformulation of the transform computation problem, we obtain, as a by-product, certain results and characterizations on sparsity-constrained matrix factorization that are of independent interest.


Urgency of the research. The necessary condition of upgrading the administrative decisions on the basis of more reliable analysis, prognosis and objective ground of strategic directions to provide steady development is an improvement of methodological bases and methods of estimation of level of sustainability of economy to the economic security threats. Target setting. Analysis of national economy development as a difficult socio-economic system on the current stage needs development of methodical approaches and tools, that will allow to estimate plenitude of realization of functions of socio-economic subsystems and get the integral picture of key problems and priority directions of the state development. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Among scientists, who were involved in the study of different aspects of modeling and prognostication of economic sustainability and threats to economic security are S. Zenchenko (2009), G. Ivashenko (2000), E. Kniazeva (1991), S. Achelis (1999) etc. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. There is a necessity of providing the new methods of economic prognostication as the way of estimation of the economic sustainability to the economic security threats. The model implementation and application of this process is need to be embedded. The research objective. The research task is to present the methodological approaches to the definition and estimation of the level of economic sustainability to the threats to economic security. The statement of basic materials. The article presents the methodological approaches to the definition and estimation of the level of economic sustainability to the threats to economic security. The sequence and structure of model of identification process of firmness to the economic security threats are elaborated on the basis of analysis of modelling methods and types of models. The applying of integral estimation of stability of economy to the economic security threats by the different indicators is offered and proved to be reasonable. Conclusions. Thus, the recreation of the marked sequence of structural-dynamic events in the context of development and realization of Strategy will have the expressed recurrence of forming, increase and use of strategic potential. Thus successive realization 14 stages of planning, reformatting and optimization of structural-dynamic descriptions of economy will be based on sound registration of essence and maintenance of management mechanism.


Objective To compare three methods for extraction of protein secreted from Aspergillus fumigatus and separate the extracted protein by two dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Methods The protein secreted from Aspergillus fumigatus was extracted by TCA precipitation,acetone precipitation and TCA-acetone precipitation respectively,and the results were compared by SDS-PAGE to optimize the method for extraction.The extracted protein was separated by 2-DE.Results Compared with those by TCA precipitation and acetone precipitation,the protein extracted by TCA-acetone precipitation was at high concentration and in more kinds and large quantity.2-DE showed good spot aggregation of protein and transparent background,while no non-specific band or foreign matters were observed.Conclusion Clear proteomic spectrum was obtained by extraction of Aspergillus fumigatus-secreted protein by TCA-acetone precipitation,which laid a foundation of study on Aspergillus fumigatus-secreted protein.


This research had purpose to analyzed some of the fundamental factors of financial rations that could to be use as a signal for investors to predicted stock prices on companies in a sector thatis growth in Indonesia, which was plantantion sub-sector. Variabels that examined in this study were the Likuidity Ratio (consists of Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Cash Ratio and Net working Capital) and Profitability Ratio (consists of Return on Assets and Return on Equity) on the stock price, eather partially or simultaneously on the plantation sub sector companies that have been listed in the Indonesia Stock Excahange in 2012-2016. This research wa an explanatory research with a total sample of 9 companies x 5 years = 45 observasiton data. The analysis technique used was multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing using t test partial, F test simultaneously with the level of significance of 5% and a determination coefficient test. The Analysis showed the data have fulfilled classical assumption, including normally distributed data, no symptomps of multikolinearitas, there were no symptoms of autocorrelation and heteroscedaticity. The regression results Quick Ratio and Return On Equity were partially significant effeck on stock prices. While Current Ratio, Cash Ratio, Net working Capital and Return On Assets partially were not significant effeck on stock prices. Variabels used in this study (Likuidity Ratio and Profitability Ratio) simultaneously affeck the stock prices.


We numerically solve the EricksenLeslie hydrodynamic equations for a number of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells. We show that when an applied electric potential is varied abruptly across the cell, the resulting fluid motion can play a critical role in inducing the rotation of directors. The physics underlying the seemingly abnormal behavior of director rotation is investi-


Introduction  Renal anemia is a major problem of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Target hemoglobin concentration (Hb) in these patients should be > 110 g/dL and hematocrit (Ht) > 0.33. Treatment of renal anemia with epoetin is a well established practice.

The purpose of this review in one dialysis center was to analyze the quality of such treatment and to find which parameters could influence success of treatment

Patients and Methods  Patients (pts) on HD were included in this analysis. The properties Hb, Ht, epoetin (alpha or beta intravenously) dose (EPO), ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), hypochromic red cells (HYPO), CRP, albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) Kt/V were followed during 10 months period.

Results  58 pts, 29 female and 29 male, mean age 60.5 ± 12.5 (range 32–82) years, HD treatment mean 8.4 ± 7.8 (range 0.7–30.7) years were observed. Mean Hb was 119.9 g/L ± 2.1 (range 79–142), mean Ht 0.36 ± 0.01, mean EPO 6970 ± 456.7 IE/week. EPO 110.3 ± 7.9 IE/kgBW/week, ferritin 603.5 ± 46.2 µg/L, TSAT 25.8 ± 3.3%. HYPO 2.1 ± 0.1, CRP 7.4 ± 0.21, albumin 41.9 ± 0.37 g/L, PTH 281.5 ± 47.9, Kt/V 1.68 ± 0.34. The female and male groups were analyzed and compared (Table A23)

Table A23.    Female Male

w, week; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001.

Age  61.3 ± 14.6  59.7 ± 10.3
HD   8.0 ± 7.9   8.7 ± 7.7
Hb 119.8 ± 1.9 120.0 ± 1.8
Ht  0.36 ± 0.01  0.36 ± 0.01
EPO/w  6737 ± 336  7276 ± 404*
EPO/kgBW/w 116.5 ± 3.9 111.7 ± 7.0
Ferritin 589.0 ± 69.4 618.5 ± 36.5
TSAT  27.5 ± 3.6  23.6 ± 3.1*
CRP   7.4 ± 0.2   9.6 ± 0.1
Kt/V  1.91 ± 0.31  1.47 ± 0.21**

Conclusions  Regular evaluation of crucial parameters for anemia correction and strict adaptation of EPO doses and iron therapy enable optimal maintenance of Hb and Ht, recommended by European best practice guidelines. We found significant difference in EPO dose per week, but calculating to kg BW there was no significant difference between females and males.


Background Computer vision syndrome is a multi-factorial condition of the eye that results in symptoms of stress and discomfort among computer users. It causes chronic vision-related morbidity and reduced work productivity. Ninety percent and 75% of computer users globally and in Africa respectively suffer from CVS. It is an insidious chronic condition that however, has hitherto received little attention, both by health providers as well as computer users. Also, it is likely to be under diagnosed as it mimics other eye conditions. The risk factors for CVS include prolonged period of electronic device use and glare. In Kenya, lack of awareness of the disease is a key barrier to early detection, health seeking and use of interventions. The burden of CVS and how much computer users in learning institutions are aware of and perceive CVS remains unknown.Methods This study adopted cross-sectional study design to determine the level of awareness, perception of CVS, uptake of preventive measures by students at Maseno University. In total, we administered questionnaires to 384 randomly selected students.Results The mean age was 19.5 years (SD= 0.747) with 18-24 years as the modal age group. Females comprised 51.3% (n=197) and males 48.7%. Participants who had at least 5 symptoms of CVS were 60.4% (n= 232). Awareness level was classified as low in 47.8%; medium level in 38.2% and high level in 13.8% of respondents . Sixty percent of respondents did not perceive CVS as an issue of public health concern compared to 39.8% who perceived CVS as an issue of public health concern ( p=0.001). In terms of precautionary measures, only duration of computer use (46.2%, p = 0.001 ) were practiced. The study results show that at least 3 out of 5 students have at least five symptoms of CVS, whereas awareness of the disease and related risks remain low.Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that CVS is a less recognized health concern among university students. Consequently, screening for the disease sensitization of students on CVS and awareness campaigns to improve early recognition and diagnosis of disease as well as uptake of interventions is recommended.


A deblocking filter of the HEVC has a serial structure because of the internal data dependency. Panasonic proposed a parallel deblocking filter to solve this problem. However, the filter is not perfect parallel structure because of the partial data dependency . In order to solve the problem of previous filter, this paper proposes a more effective parallel deblocking filter to eliminate data dependency using original pixels, not filterd pixels. We demonstrate that our proposed filter decrease execution time 50% for filtering process and improve a subjective quality of image because this filter does not use filtered pixels but original pixels.


Abstract Delta Modeling (ADM) offers an algebraic description of how a (software) product line may be built so that every product can be automatically derived by structured reuse of code. In traditional application engineering a single valid feature configuration is chosen, which does not change during the lifetime of the product. However, there are many useful applications for product lines that change their configuration at run time. We present a new technique for generating efficient dynamic product lines from their static counterparts. We use Mealy machines for their dynamic reconfiguration. Furthermore, we posit that monitoring some features will be more expensive than monitoring others, and present techniques for minimizing the cost of monitoring the system. We stay in the abstract setting of ADM but the techniques can be instantiated to any concrete domain. We illustrate them through the example of a mobile application for Android, which dynamically reconfigures a devices operating profile based on environmental factors.


For the issue of single CF algorithm performing low recommendation precision, we propose an adaptive Adaptive-Boost.RT ensemble learning algorithm. First, the base regression predictor is formed by minimizing the error function of user's predicting ratings via gradient descent algorithm. Then, we introduce an adaptive error parameter, which has statistical property and can be adjusted automatically by the predict error, instead of original parameter. Experiments results demonstrate that this ensemble learning algorithm can improve performance of single CF model significantly.


Purpose To r eview current guidelines concerning the outpatient management of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), to discuss antibi‐otic resistance and its relation to outcomes, and to define the appropriate use of newer macrolides in CAP. Data Sources Comprehensive review of the scientific litera‐ture, comparison of published clinical practice guidelines, and expert opinion. Conclusions Despite increasing knowledge regarding its etiology and pathogenesis, CAP remains the seventh leading cause of death in the United States. Although 80% of all patients with CAP are treated as outpatients, over 1 million hospital admissions due to CAP occur each year. From an employer perspective, total annual employer costs were fivefold greater patients with pneumonia than for those who were not affected. Appropriate antimicrobial choices should lead to improved outcomes. Reports of increasing resistance of pathogens associated with CAP, increasing frequency atypical pathogens, and the availability of increasing number of antimicrobials have made treatment decisions more involved. Implications for Practice In an effort to improve outcomes, several guidelines have been published recommending appropriate antimicrobial agents to treat CAP in different patient populations. All guidelines base treatment recommendations on the hos‐pitalization status of the patient, and all agree that coverage of atypical pathogens as part of an initial empirical regimen is important. Comorbidity and modifying factors that may increase the risk of infection with resistant organisms also are taken into account. Controversy exists regarding the use of newer macrolides versus newer fluoroquinolones as initial empirical therapy. The applicability of the reported increasing resistance of common pneumonia pathogens to outcomes in regimens containing newer macrolides is a subject of debate. Defining appropriate antimicrobial use in different patient groups should help achieve better outcomes and allay the development of resistance.


Thirteen Grandmothers and Aunties of Metis scholarship share advice to help Metis thinkers strive and thrive in the academy. Through three themes of advice: 1) disregard colonial pressures, 2) create connections, and 3) be empowered by who you are; they share with us stories and examples that they want future scholars to know.


Abstract Microstructural changes in broad bean seeds during dehydration can explain interactions between intercellular voids and cells for better seed storage. However, considering the limited research, herein, changes in intercellular voids and cells in broad bean seeds during dehydration were evaluated. Broad beans were dehydrated at 0 °C and 8 °C and vacuum >97 kPa. Cell area reduction and void area increase were observed; the average cell area in fresh samples was 10,867 μm2, which was much larger than the void area. Despite overall decreasing moisture content, the size, porosity, and fractal dimensions of cells and voids fluctuated across samples. Thus, changes in intercellular voids and cells affect each other. Furthermore, decreases in cell turgor and rupture had a significant impact on intercellular void structure and size, and changes in cell fractal dimensions were highly correlated with cell size. Combined with previous findings, this study provides insights into cell and intercellular void development.


Five new species of genus Ptychopter Meigen are described from China: Ptychoptera bannaensis sp. nov., P. lii sp. nov., P. lushuiensis sp. nov., P. qinggouensis sp. nov. and P. wangae sp. nov. A key to the known species of Ptychoptera in China is presented.


It has been reported that narcoleptics exhibit deficits in short-term memory, list recall, and stimulus frequency estimation compared with control subject. It is also well-known that pupil dilation during cognitive tasks is a measure of subject attention state. Here the authors present results from six narcoleptics and six controls, a total of 360 experimental records in which pupillograms were made during cognitive tests, which indicate that narcoleptics begin pupillary dilations at a smaller diameter, begin dilating earlier poststimulus, attain higher pupillary diameter velocities, yet achieve the same equilibrium dilation diameter as controls. These findings are derived from statistical tests performed on the parameters of a nonlinear regression model of pupillary cognitive dilation as a function of time. In the authors' experiments, the standard 1-s interdigit time between cognitive stimuli was increased to 2.3 s, which yielded pupillographic time records showing that the process of short-term memory overload sets in gradually at about four memory digits for controls and three memory digits for narcoleptics. The authors suggest their results can be partially explained by a narcoleptic stimulus-encoding deficit, which limits the time available for subjects to rehearse cognitive tasks. However, the authors also report the unexpected finding that the inferred encoding deficit is a transient one in that repeated tasks at the same memory load elicit a near normal narcoleptic pupillary dilation.


Quinoa is renowned for its nutritional value and ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions such as salinity. In the present work, we isolated 34 phosphate solubilizing endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of quinoa plants. Based on phosphate solubilization efficiency and biochemical characterization, we selected one isolate named ED1. Ribotyping using partial 16S RNA gene analysis revealed that the selected isolate shares 99.7% identity with Serratia rubidaea. Plant growth promoting (PGP) studies showed that the ED1 strain solubilized complexed forms of phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2). Zinc release from ZnO, Zn3(PO4)2, or ZnCO3 revealed the efficient ZnO solubilization by the ED1 strain. Except for proteases, the strain ED1 produced siderophores, cellulase, ammonia and exhibited oligonitrophilic features. Indole acetic acid (IAA) production was detected with and without the L-tryptophan precursor. Next, we demonstrated that the ED1 strain tolerated 1.5 M NaCl final concentration and exhibited intrinsic resistance to seven antibiotics frequently prescribed for medical use. Moreover, we found that ED1 strain withstood 2 mg/L of Cadmium and 1 mg/L of either Nickel or Copper. Furthermore, we observed that S. rubidaea ED1 stimulated quinoa seeds germination and seedlings growth under salt stress conditions. Lastly, we discuss the advantages versus disadvantages of applying the S. rubidaea ED1 strain as a beneficial agent for salty and/or heavy metals contaminated soils.


Based on previous research achievements on heat-transfer coefficient distribution in furnace of CFB boilers,a model was built for calculation of the heat-transfer coefficient,while the calculation analyzed respectively on both radiative and corrective heat transfer.The model was used to calculate the heattransfer coefficient in furnace of a certain CFB boiler under 100% load condition,and factors influencing the coefficient were analyzed simultaneously,including the structural dimension of heating surface,bed temperature T_b,fluid temperature T_f,heat-transfer coefficient α_f at medium side as well as the wall emissivity e_w etc.Results show that the model can reasonably reflect how above factors influencing the heat-transfer coefficient in furnace of CFB boilers.


A tutorial program for use on personal computers is being developed to evaluate the sensitivity of geothermal energy costs to potential technological improvements. Reservoir engineering R&D will reduce risk to the funding organization and in turn reduce the risk premium paid on a loan. The use of a risk premium was described as an investment banker's option at the November 1986 "Future of Geothermal Energy Conference" in San Diego, California. In the sensitivity analysis, we propose to calculate an energy cost: (1) at the predicted production parameters of temperature, drawdown rate, etc., and (2) at the most likely worse case values. The differential higher cost of the worse case over the predicted case is the risk premium. Thus R&D that improves reservoir definition will reduce the worse-case-minus-predicted-case difference and the financial risk premium. Improvements in reservoir engineering can then be quantified in terms of reduced energy costs. This paper will discuss the proposed approach to obtain critique of the procedure and provide the best logic for use in evaluating the potential impact of reservoir engineering R&D.


Biogenic amines are naturally occurring organic bases produced by bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids that have been associated with harmful toxicology effects to humans. The main objective of this work is to investigate the possible role of biogenic amines (BAs) as indicators of spoilage in fresh chicken meat stored at 4°C for 15 days. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with isocratic elution system is used for the quantification of four biogenic amines (putrescine, histamine, tyramine, cadaverine and spermine as well as spermidine) in chicken meat. Amines were extracted with 5% of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and derivatised using dansyl chloride. The variation storage time differentiated the chicken meat on the microbiological characteristics. The results obtained shows that histamine, spermidine, tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine increased slowly while spermine decreased for both chicken breast in halal and non-halal chicken meat. Thus, this BAs could be used as a spoilage index of fresh chicken meat.


"School-based" is an important educational concept and practice in the new curriculum reform of the elementary education.The paper analyzes the four outstanding characteristics of the "school-based" educational concept and practice,and explains its significant value.


The article analyzes how actors from the business sector (CEB) and organized civil society (REBRIP) worked to defend their interests in order to influence Brazil's international trade negotiation strategy-making between 1995 and 2010. The study also seeks to understand the extent to which non-state actors succeeded in affecting the Brazilian government's definition of its official positions and priorities. The main conclusions are the following: a) a convergence of interests between business sectors and institutional actors vis-a-vis the choice of trade negotiation forums; b) the essentially protectionist profile of interests coordinated by CEB in the main negotiations; c) the role of REBRIP, organized primarily in the field of challenging the principles of the negotiating strategy itself, with only a marginal direct contribution to shaping the agenda for negotiating regional or multilateral trade agreements; and d) the involvement of REBRIP as an element for democratization of the foreign trade policy agenda in Brazil.


Bill yellow ; feet of a yellowish grey ; claws grey. Tail long, much graduated, withthe foathers black, terminated by a broad white spot; the median feathers unieolorous yellowish grey. Wings short and round, with the quill-feathers black, surrounded by a margin of reddish grey ; lesser coverts of a cinnamon fulvous, as well as the feathers of the insertion of the wings. Stalks of the rectrices and remiges black above, white beneath. Kead grey in the middle ; two broad black streaks above the eyes, like eyebrows ; neck grey ; parotic region of a rosy grey ; back rosy grey, with a few elongated brown spots ; rmnp reddish yellow. Throat white; breast of a vinous rosy colour; flanks reddish ; middle of the belly whitish, as are also the subcaudals. M. Hcude killed this pretty bird in December 1871 among the reeds (Phracymites) which border a lake of the Kiang-Sou ; these it traverses in little flocks. According to that naturalist, it possesses an agreeable voice and has the climbing (or rather dinging) habits of the allied genera--Com2tes Rendus, June 3, 1872, p. 1449.


1.Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Significance of the research .................................................................................................................... 6 2.Curriculum as a guiding document and teachers ́ involvement. .................................................................... 8 2.1 Curriculum development and teachers ́ involvement ............................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Curriculum Planning ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Curriculum Development ............................................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Curriculum Implementation ........................................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Curriculum Evaluation .................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Different approaches to curriculum and involvement of teachers ....................................................... 13 2.2.1 Top-down (Centralised model) ....................................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Bottom-up (Decentralised model) ................................................................................................. 17 2.2.4 Mixed (Top down-bottom up) approach ........................................................................................ 20 2.3 Types of Curriculum and teachers ́ involvement ............................................................................. 21 2.4 Teachers' involvement in curriculum development and their professional development. ............ 22 3.Summary of literature review ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.Research task and research questions ......................................................................................................... 29 5.Methodology. ............................................................................................................................................... 31 5.1. Research design: Qualitative study ...................................................................................................... 31 5.2. Research paradigm: Interpretivism ...................................................................................................... 31 5.3. Research strategy: A case study ........................................................................................................... 33 5.4. Sampling ............................................................................................................................................... 34 5.5. Semi-structured interviews as data collection method ....................................................................... 35 5.6. Data collection process......................................................................................................................... 36 5.7. Data analysis ......................................................................................................................................... 39 5.8. Ethical Issues ......................................................................................................................................... 42 5.9 Validity ............................................................................................................................................. 42 5.10 Summary of Methodology ................................................................................................................... 43 6.Results and Discussion.................................................................................................................................. 46 6.1 Namibian teachers ́ perceptions about their involvement in the planning and development of curriculum .................................................................................................................................................... 46


The Cameroons formed part of the possessions to which Germany renounced its rights under the Treaty of Versailles and which were placed under the Mandates System of the League of Nations. The Cameroons had been divided into two Mandates, one administered by France and the other by the United Kingdom. The latter, in turn, divided its territory into the Northern Cameroons, which was administered as part of two northern provinces of Nigeria, and the Southern Cameroons, which was administered as a separate province of Nigeria. After the creation of the United Nations, the mandated territories of the Cameroons were placed under the international trusteeship system by trusteeship agreements approved by the General Assembly on December 13, 1946.


The fragility of our environmental, social and economic systems has never been so obvious, from the floods, fires and other crises associated with global climate change in 2019 to the debilitating impacts of COVID-19 this year. These are a stark reminder of the urgent need to address the UN's Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), essentially, a 'call-to-arms' to reverse the vulnerability inherent in our current systems and in the livelihoods of vast numbers of people, and to build resilience. The 17 goals were adopted by the UN Member States in 2015 to be delivered by 2030 – a very ambitious programme. The goals seek to address world poverty, hunger and a range of other inequalities, while at the same time protecting our environment and nurturing its resources (Figure 1). It is imperative that the global issues addressed by the SDGs are underpinned by clear information that allows decision-makers and the public to think critically and to make informed choices. This is truer now than ever as the UN (2020) recognizes 'COVID-19 is not only challenging global health systems but testing our common humanity. It affects everyone everywhere. It hits the poorest and most vulnerable communities the hardest, deepening existing inequalities'. Each SDG, and the issues underpinning them, are multi-scalar and their achievement will, therefore, depend on successful interventions at local, national and international scales. Spatial data hold the key to understanding many of these issues. An essential tool at our disposal is the map – the most immediate and effective communicator of spatial information. Maps are a global medium for tackling global issues; they are not confined to administrative boundaries, languages, ages, racial groups or academic disciplines. Maps also provide a visual stimulus to thinking on issues that are inherently geographical, from habitat destruction to the migration of environmental refugees. Their form and function, however, need to be understood, both in terms of design and use, because maps can also mislead (as their use in news coverage of COVID-19 has shown recently). Building on visual theory, user studies and design principles, cartography – which may be defined as the art, science and technology of map-making – is concerned with the effective communication of spatial information.


BackgroundDenileukin diftitox (trade name, Ontak) is the first recombinant immunotoxin (IM), in which the binding domain of diphtheria toxin has been replaced by the amino acid sequence of human interleukin-2 (DT389IL-2) using genetic engineering. Purity, stability, and structural property of the protein are critical factors for the scale-up production of this fusion protein. In this IM, location 519 has free cysteine residue that leads to cross S-S bound formation in the refolding process and, as a result, misfolding/aggregation of the protein may occur.Materials and MethodsTo inhibit misfolding/aggregation, we substituted cysteine 519 by a serine residue with site-directed mutagenesis, and then the ability of the mutated protein for binding to the IL-2 receptor was predicted and determined by bioinformatics tools. For this purpose, the sequence of the denileukin diftitox was adopted from Drugbank, and the mentioned substitution applied. Two methods determined the folding of the fusion protein: de novo modeling method (by utilizing the I-TASSER database) and homology modeling method (by using some databases and tools, including Swiss-Model, PHYRE2, M4T, ModWeb, RaptorX, and EasyModeller). Finally, the ability of the proteins for binding to the IL-2 receptor was investigated by pyDock and Zdock docking servers, as well as Hex software.ResultsThe result showed that the mutated form (C519S) of this protein folds appropriately, and the ΔG of the models, measured by STRUM, showed no significant variation.  Also, docking analysis has shown that the protein can efficiently bind to the IL-2 receptor without any substantial changes in the binding energy.ConclusionThe present study shows that the suggested mutation of this protein can be an acceptable replacement for denileukin diftitox with a similar affinity and a more proper refolding process.


For the simulation of atmospheric entry maneuvers at Mars and Saturn's Titan, the chemistry modeling of polyatomic molecules is implemented in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method within the reactive plasma flow solver PICLas. An additional reaction condition as well as the consideration of the vibrational degrees of freedom is described in the context of the total collision energy model. The treatment of reverse exchange and recombination reactions is discussed, where the low temperature exponent of the Arrhenius fit for methane dissociation limited the calculation of the reaction probability at relevant temperatures. An alternative method based on the equilibrium constant is devised. The post-reaction energy redistribution is performed under the assumption of equipartition of the remaining collisional energy. The implementation is verified for several reaction paths with simple reservoir simulations. Finally, the feasibility of the new chemistry model is demonstrated by a simulation of a trajectory ...


A method for the gasoline property data determined by infrared spectroscopy, comprising the steps of: (1) Measurement of near infrared spectroscopy test gasoline samples, the following calculated spectrum peak areas corresponding to the respective absorption bands: ① the absorption section benzene CH , 872.8-879.8nm; ② meth CH absorption stage, 904.8-907.8nm, 909.8-916.8nm; ③ methylene CH absorption stage, 931.8-934.8nm; ④ alkenyl group CH absorption stage, 894.8-898.8nm; by peak area calculated for each segment code values of the sample, (2) comparing the code values encoding the test sample value and the sample in the sample database, the nature of the data obtained from the sample to be tested with the corresponding properties of the sample database. The method without establishing calibration model sample, the nature of the data can be accurately sample-octane gasoline and the like, rapid analysis, forecasting, analysis applies to the production line, the control.


This study attempts to predict energy intensities of world's regions, the world gross domestic product per capita and the world energy price via developing VAR (2) model. Whether causalities exist between groups of variables are tested by proceeding Granger Wald Test to structure a VAR model inductively. There exist significant causal and dynamical interactions among the variables, implying that regions' energy use affect each others' energy intensity (adversely efficiency), each of which is also found interacting with the world gross domestic product per capita and world unit energy price at different magnitudes. Additional energy uses of regions per US$1000 output mostly lead to per capita world gross domestic product and energy price up except for Sub-Saharan Africa. Increases in the last year's world gross domestic product per capita mostly cause inefficiency, however, increases in the last two years' world gross domestic product per capita mostly improve efficiency of world regions. Except for South Asia, an increase in world energy price does not improve energy use efficiency of the world's regions for the period of 1971-2009.


This study was conducted at Korea"s typical soil, loamy soil, to figure out the effect of how barley green manure (B), hairy vetch (HV) and the mixed-planting hairy vetch with barley green manure (HV/B) affecting on the yield of rice, usage of nutrient and soil characteristics. Supplying amount of nitrogen from HV, HV/B and B were 172.8 kg ha -1 , 64.3 kg ha -1 and 38.6 kg ha -1 , respectively. Hairy vetch had the highest plant height and SPAD of rice and next was hairy vetch/barley, chemical fertilizer (CF), none fertilizer (NF), and green manure barley. The amount of rice yield was 5.51 ton ha -1 with HV, and 4.24 ton ha -1 with HV/B. The chemical characteristics of soil showed lower pH and exchangeable cations (Ca and Mg) at B, HV and HV/B plot rather than that of chemical fertilizer (CF) plot. However, the physical characteristics of soil and the porosity rate showed better tendency at the green manure crops than CF. Nitrogen nutrient balance was showed the most balanced at CF, otherwise field of application of green manure crops were required the appropriate nutrition management if future crops would be cultivated because nitrogen nutrient could be devastated or accumulated.


C. Lightfoot, C. Milbrath, Introduction. Part 1. Art in the Context of Culture J.D. Lewis-Williams, Science, Religion and Pictures: an Origin of Image-Making. C. Milbrath, Commentary: Comparative Developmental And Social Perspectives On The Mystery Of Upper Paleolithic Art. M. Forman, Hip-Hop Culture, Youth Creativity, and the Generational Crossroads. B. Tinsley, S. Wilson, M.B. Spencer, Commentary: Hip-Hop Culture, Youth Creativity and the Generational Crossroads from a Human Development Perspective. Part 2. Educating the Artists and Using the Arts to Educate G. Levinson, "Why Should I Write?" asked the Pencil. "What Else Can You Do?" said the Knife. Or, Why I Can't Tell You Why I Am a Composer. J. Bamberger, Commentary: A View of Levinson's Development. C. Lee, Every Shut Eye Ain't Sleep: Modeling the "Scientific" from the Everyday as Cultural Process. C. Daiute, Commentary: Adolescents' Purposeful Uses of Culture. Part 3. Artistic Development N. Freeman, Children as Intuitive Art Critics. A. Costal, Commentary: But is It Art? T.R. Goldstein, E. Winner, A New Lens on the Development of Social Cognition: The Study of Acting. J. Peskin, R.A. Mar, T. Bischoff, Commentary: Advanced Social Cognition in the Literary Arts.


We report 3H binding energy calculations using inversion potentials generated from phase shifts corresponding to contemporary nucleon-nucleon potentials as well as modern phase shift analyses. We place limits upon local potential triton binding energy calculations due to the underlying uncertainties in their fit to the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts: 7.7 +/- 0.2 MeV. We explore the role of the nonlocality of momentum dependent potentials in the triton binding energy. In particular, we find the additional binding energy in the case of the Bonn-B potential is due to a long range nonlocality, which may correspond to a three-nucleon force when the Hamiltonian is restricted to local interactions.


Background
Providing medical care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in rural sub-Saharan Africa has proved to be difficult because of poor treatment adherence and frequent loss to follow-up (LTFU). The reasons for this are poorly understood.

Objective
To investigate LTFU among patients with two different but common NCDs who attended rural Ethiopian health centres.

Method
The study was based in five health centres in southern Ethiopia with established NCD clinics run by nurses and health officers. Patients with epilepsy or hypertension who were lost to follow-up and non-LTFU comparison patients were identified and traced; a questionnaire was administered enquiring about the reasons for LTFU.

Results
Of the 147 LTFU patients successfully located, 62 had died, moved away or were attending other medical facilities. The remaining 85 patients were compared with 211 non-LFTU patients. The major factors associated with LTFU were distance from the clinic, associated costs and a preference for traditional treatments, together with a misunderstanding of the nature of NCD management.

Conclusions
The delivery of affordable care closer to the patients' homes has the greatest potential to address the problem of LTFU. Also needed are increased levels of patient education and interaction with traditional healers to explain the nature of NCDs and the need for life-long management.


Genetic population structure and DNA barcoding of two species Diplodus, (Diplodus sargus and Diplodus vulgaris) belonging to family Sparidae, were determined by using 652 bp of the mitochondrial DNA sequences of the COI gene for 114 individuals collected from six locations in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Eleven haplotypes were detected for D. sargus including 10 polymorphic sites and 10 haplotypes for D. vulgaris containing 16 polymorphic sites without insertion and deletion. Two dominant haplotypes of D. sargus were shared among the six locations, while only one haplotype of D. vulgaris was common in the same mentioned locations. The haplotype and nucleotide diversities of D. sargus individuals were 0.652 and 0.00134 respectively, while those of D. vulgaris were 0.541 and 0.00188, respectively. There is no significant population subdivision between all six locations based on the Fst values (genetic diversity) of the population for the two species from genus Diplodus. Therefore, our data reflects the high connectivity between all populations indicating that these populations share the same genetic material.


Since we can readily agree that law has a very close relation with liberty, we should decide how far law should protect or limit an individual`s liberty. In criminal law, there are many liberty-limiting principles, which justify State`s coercion using punishment. But nowadays, they are not all adopted by criminal law. One of the principles that are at stake is paternalism. In this article we will view a crime under the Korean Criminal Code in terms of paternalism, murder upon request or with consent. We will explore a Supreme Court case on this crime and euthanasia and proceed to figure out whether the Criminal Code enforcing not to murder despite request or consent is justifiable.


The flow of the ship target's high range resolution profile(HRRP) modeling and computation is designed based on the characteristic of the sea surface ships and the incoherent theory.Then take a real ship target as an example,the geometry model based on the basic electromagnetic scatter shape is established,and the target parameters for electromagnetic calculation are acquired based on the model partition,approximation and visual surface determinant.Last,according to the HRRP model based on linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal,the HRRP of the geometry model with the influence of sea surface and offing image is calculated.Calculation results prove the validity of the method proposed.


The present invention provides an agent for inhibiting cellular senescence due to the new-to-Cyr -1 activator and, oxidative stress, containing the same. The invention, Conger oil herbs ) Of formulation provides for a plant or an unsealing projection comprises a solvent extract his -1 activator and inhibit containing the same, cellular senescence due to the oxidative stress.


The optical reflectivity measurements data are reported. They were obtained by means of synchrotron (DAFNE-LIGHT in LNF, Italy) as the radiation source as well as mercury lamp, in far infrared region for the 9 sample of Hg1-xCdxTe (x = 0.06-0.7) in the temperature interval 20 K-293 K. The imaginary part of dielectric function obtained by means of Kramers-Kroning transformation were analyzed in the Lorentzian-approximation of dielectric function, using the model of deformed tetrahedra. Beside eight canonical phonon modes observed earlier by Kozyrev et al., we observed several additional lines in the region below 120 cm–1. Our analysis is based on the experimental data obtained for the samples of n - and p -type and prepared by different manufacture technologies. The temperature dependence of the frequency of vibration modes in the region 90 cm–1–118 cm–1 is also presented and discussed. This analysis has shown that two kinds of lines are observed in this region: the lines of the first type are generated by the electron transitions while the lines of the second one are generated by oscillations in defect-bearing tetrahedra. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Since the great age of oceanic exploration sailors have recognized that the oceans get deeper as their ships move away from the coast. The abruptness of this increase in depth was known to vary throughout the global ocean, with extensive shallow shelves off some coastlines, such as northwestern Europe, and precipitous increases in depth close to shore in other areas, as seen in the southeastern Pacific. In an age of cast lines to determine depth, data on oceanic depths was limited and accumulated slowly; it was only when there was a technology imperative, such as the seabed survey by HMS Cyclops in the North Atlantic prior to the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1857, that our knowledge increased. This survey demonstrated that, on leaving Europe, the cable would cross the continental shelf, sink across the continental slope and cover most of its distance across the Atlantic on abyssal plains at depths greater than 5000 m (Murray & Hjort, 1912). However, the great depth of the Atlantic appeared to be bisected by a linear structure we now call the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge that forms an element in a submarine mountain chain that circles the globe. These 'primitive' methods of sounding continued well into the twentieth century, so our knowledge of the ocean seafloor was composed of spot depths on naval charts. Abstract


In this work, we studied the aluminum chloride catalyzed reaction of 1-benzenesulfonyl-1H-pyrrole with a series of eleven aroyl chlorides. The products formed were not isolated, but hydrolyzed to the target 3-aroylpyrroles in overall yields, usually, higher than 50%. However, in the cases with the π electron rich 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonyl chloride and 1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl chloride significant C-2 substitution occured, resulting in the isolation of the corresponding 1-benzenesulfonyl-2-aroylpyrroles as the predominant or the sole products. The desired C-3 isomers were synthesized starting with 1-triisopropylsilanyl-1H-pyrrole.


Which plays the greater role in determining a child's personality: Innate temperament or the quality of attachment between child and carer in the first few years of life? Dr Stephanie Thornton discusses.


Synchytrium texanum was discovered on Plantago rhodosperma near Austin, Texas in April 1958 in a low sparsely wooded area which is flooded occasionally for brief periods by the spring rains. This area is about one-half acre in extent; in 1958 it was covered by an almost pure stand of P. rhodosperma. Nearly all these plants were densely infected by S. texanum, and this infection was the most abundant occurrence of a Synchytrium species that I have observed so far. To cause such a wide-spread and dense infection, apparently, millions of planospores must have been present when the host plants emerged. Later, in April of 1958, I found this species in limited quantities on the same host along a roadside near Bastrop, Texas, 30 miles south of Austin. I visited the same locality at Austin again on May 6, 1959, but found only a sparse infection of P. rhodosperma. Obviously, the abundance of the fungus varies from year to year and is correlated with the degree of resting-spore germination, rainfall in the spring, and the number of susceptible host plants present. At first I believed that this species might be identical with S. macrosporum Karling which occurs abundantly on several hosts in central Texas, but a study of its development, host range and host reaction has convinced me that it is a different species for which I propose the name S. texanum.


We provide a new upper bound for the critical density of Activated Random Walk in case of biased distribution of jumps. With finite sleeping rate the bound is strictly less than one in one dimension for all initial particles distribution and in higher dimension for some initial particles distributions. This answers a question and Dickman, Rolla and Sidoravicius (2010) in case of bias.


The carbon emissions from the power system constitute a substantial portion, approximately 40%, of the total carbon emissions in society. Hence, accurate calculation of the carbon emissions from thermal power plants serves as a foundation prerequisite for carbon market trading and is crucial for achieving dual carbon goals. This paper presents three methods for calculating the carbon emissions from thermal power units. The first method is based on the material balance approach, which calculates the carbon emissions from the power unit by considering fuel consumption and quality parameters. The second method, known as the flue gas method, calculates the carbon emissions by utilizing the carbon dioxide (CO2) or oxygen (O2) concentration from the continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS). The third method relies on the emission factor approach, which evaluates carbon emissions by considering the power generation of the unit and its corresponding carbon emission intensity. The consistency of the emission curves obtained from these three methods is examined to determine the final carbon emissions from power generation units. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed methods are validated using actual data from a power plant.


This research work is entitled "THE DACTYL PAINTING IN THE FINE PSYCHOMOTRICITY OF CHILDREN OF FIRST GRADE OF BASIC EDUCATION CLASS "A" IN VICTOR PROANO CARRION SCHOOL IN CALPI, CITY OF RIOBAMBA, PROVINCE OF CHIMBORAZO IN THE PERIOD2016-2017", which is a topic of great relevance given the importance of materials and resources to improve the motor and corporal expression of children. The research problem was that teachers have neglected this important aspect, alleging the lack of time, the economic crisis, etc., and have limited the use of didactic resources to improve body expression. The general objective was to determine if the dactyl painting influences the fine psychomotricity of the children of first grade of basic education Class "A" in Victor Proano Carrion school in Calpi, in the city of Riobamba, province of Chimborazo in the period 2016-2017. The Theoretical framework was elaborated taking into consideration the variables dactyl painting and fine psychomotricity, including theoretical references that expose the concepts. The methodology was the field method, using techniques such as observation and test. Instruments such as observation chart and motor test were applied to 38 children. The results showed the utility of dactyl painting techniques to improve the psychomotricity of children. The main conclusion was after applying free finger painting using the palm of hands, balloons, free drawing, for a consecutive time of three months allowed children to develop motor skills for development of the psychomotricity. A better hand-eye coordination, improved grip, and overall drawing were showed.


Accurate ring strain energy (RSE) values for sixty-six parent pnictogeniranes having two other identical p-block elements, El2Pn, have been reported. A decrease in RSE was observed to correlate with an increase in the p character of the AO used in endocyclic bonds, which is particularly remarkable on descending the groups 15 and 16. The latter also parallels higher -NICS(1) values, which seems not to be related with an increase in aromaticity, as pointed out by other NICS-related criteria, but to atom-centred diatropic currents mostly arising from the presence of lone pairs. Only in case of pnictogenaditrieliranes Tr2Pn (Tr = B, Al, Ga), the decrease of -NICS(1) is related to a lower Hückel-type 2π-electron aromaticity on descending group 13. The use of an additive methodology based on atom-strain contributions enables estimation of a large majority of all possible three-membered rings containing group 13-16 elements with modest accuracy (RMSE = 4.371 kcal/mol), that could be remarkably improved by using bond-strain contributions (RMSE = 1.183 kcal/mol).


Under inundation of rice, the SUB1A1 gene is subject to posttranslational regulation by a mitogen-activated protein kinase, MPK3. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction networks have been extensively explored in plants; however, the connection between MAPK signaling cascades and submergence tolerance is currently unknown. The ethylene response factor-like protein SUB1A orchestrates a plethora of responses during submergence stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa). In this study, we report that MPK3 is activated by submergence in a SUB1A-dependent manner. MPK3 physically interacts with and phosphorylates SUB1A in a tolerant-allele-specific manner. Furthermore, the tolerant allele SUB1A1 binds to the MPK3 promoter and regulates its expression in a positive regulatory loop during submergence stress signaling. We present molecular and physiological evidence for the key role of the MPK3-SUB1A1 module in acclimation of rice seedlings to the adverse effects of submergence. Overall, the results provide a mechanistic understanding of submergence tolerance in rice.


Automated schemes are needed to classify multi-spectral remotely sensed data. Human intelligence is often required to correctly interpret images from satellites and aircraft. Humans succeed because they use various types of cues about a scene to accurately define the contents of the image. Consequently, it follows that computer techniques that integrate and use different types of information would perform better than single source approaches. This research illustrated that multispectral signatures and topographical information could be used in concert. Significantly, this dual source tactic classified a remotely sensed image better than the multispectral classification alone. These classifications were accomplished by fusing spectral signatures with topographical information using neural network technology. A neural network was trained to classify Landsat multi-spectral images of the Black Hills. Bands 4, 5, and were used to generate four classifications based on the spectral signatures. A file of georeferenced ground truth classifications used as the training criterion. The trained classify correct. Another neural network programmed trained these


Explainable AI (XAI) has become a hot topic across multiple sectors. In practical applications, classification models are severely constrained by the absence of transparency, which undermines trust and has a black-box nature, leading to a range of problems. Classification models necessitate the use of XAI approaches to address these limitations effectively. The Mean Evaluation of Metrics Change (MEMC) is a novel metric introduced in this research for evaluating the performance of Explainable AI techniques on a global scale, like post-hoc and intrinsic XAI for classification techniques on tabular data. The proposed MEMC metric is formed from a combination of the existing standard evaluation measures used for evaluating classification. The proposed MEMC has proven to be the convenient metric for determining the best explainer for a produced classification. The proposed MEMC metric is validated using a heart dataset from the healthcare sector. The experimental results show that the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach performed effectively on the heart dataset as an intrinsic XAI in machine learning. Deep Neural Network (DNN) also performs better as an intrinsic XAI technique when applied to this dataset. Furthermore, ANCHORS has shown strong performance as a post-hoc XAI technique when Random Forest (RF) and XG-Boost are used as classification models.


In this paper, a deviation of the target nucleus wavefunction from the harmonic oscillator in the neutron scattering process by medium-mass nuclei at low energies is studied. Two forms of anharmonicities are used: anharmonicities due to the higher-order terms in the Hamiltonian and those due to the different deformation parameters, corresponding to transitions between nuclear states. For calculation of neutron cross sections, combined use of the coupled-channel method and the statistical Hauser-Feshbach-Moldauer theory is applied. It is shown that both kinds of anharmonicities introduce a correction (about 10% in some cases) to the neutron cross sections at low energies.


Introduction: Surgical diseases of  the thyroid gland in children are rare in comparison with those in the adult population. The aim of the study was to assess clinical aspects of thyroid follicular adenoma in children and attempt to develop a management algorithm that is useful in clinical practice. Material and methods: The clinical database of all children operated on due to thyroid disease in the years 1993–2018 at the university pediatric surgical center was reviewed. The children in whom the postoperative histology report showed follicular adenoma were selected and their medical files were analyzed in detail. Clinical course of the disease, medical and family history, results of  imaging studies, details of  surgical management and final outcome were assessed in each case. Results: Among 183 children operated on for thyroid pathology in the study period there were 56 patients with follicular adenoma (30.6%). Their age ranged from 7 to 18 years. Seven patients were found to be hypothyroid and a  further seven showed hyperthyroid status initially. Ultrasound scan showed a  solitary nodule in 37 children (66.1%). Multiple nodules in one lobe were detected in 5 patients, while a further 14 children showed bilateral thyroid pathology. The result of preoperative cytologic examination was suspicious in 12 children (21.4%). All children were subjected to operative management. Forty-two children (75%) underwent at least unilateral total lobectomy. No patient showed a recurrent thyroid disease. Conclusions: Follicular adenoma in children presents a  wide clinical and morphological spectrum. High incidence of associated diseases of other systems and congenital anomalies of the thyroid gland may indicate a complex etiology of follicular adenoma with participation of still unknown endogenic factors in children.


Spectroscopic work is reviewed which focuses on the microscopic mechanism of gain in ZnSe-based quantum well (QW) lasers, under optical and electrical injection, respectively. In particular, the lasing process in optically pumped ZnCdSe/ZnSe QW lasers at cryogenic temperatures is shown to be entirely an excitonic process. This conclusion is supported by results from resonant pumping experiments and femtosecond pump-probe measurements. A phenomenological model is presented, which can explain the experimental observation rather well. More strikingly for this strong quasi-two-dimensional (2D) exciton system, recent studies on room temperature ZnCdSe/ZnSSe/ZnMgSSe diode lasers show that pairwise electron-hole Coulomb correlation remains relevant in this case as well


We have reviewed and analyzed the proceedings of a Symposium on the Integrity of Water convened in 1975 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We presupposed that all the participants had at least some minimal commitment to the purpose of the goal of integrity as specified in the U.S. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. We perceived a spectrum of interpretations of the term integrity and have divided this spectrum into five classes according to the substance of the goal and supporting strategies with which speakers have invested the term integrity. We have thenprovided a summary sketch of each of these classes.


We present a brief account of some recent theoretical advances made within the Institute for Materials Research in the field of broadband non-linear optics. Particular contexts include: angular aspects of non-linear beam propagation and interactions (Helmholtz soliton theory); the theory of spontaneous spatial optical fractals in non-linear systems; and a profoundly new regime of ultra-broadband multi-frequency Raman generation (that promises spontaneous attosecond pulse trains).


Acoustic surface waves propagating around a piezoelectric cylinder with metallic overlays are investigated. The piezoelectric core is assumed to possess the hexagonal symmetry, and the layer is electrically shorted. The dispersion equation is derived. Numerical results for the phase velocities, the displacement, and potential profiles are presented for different layer materials with various thicknesses. It is found that the thickness of the gold and chromium has a substantial effect on the dispersion, while in the case of aluminum layers little influence is observed. An asymptotic expansion for the dispersion equation is also derived and is found to yield results in good agreement with the exact solution.


Rainbow trout 23 to 30cm in fork length were exposed to various concentrations (1 to 40ppm) of a cationic, quaternary ammonium compound, Zephiran. Three ppm was used as a reference value, as this level is recommended at the water hardness found in Southern Ontario (Canada). Gills were examined using light microscopy, scanning and transn~ission electron microscopy. Changes were observed in gills from fish exposed to all concentrations of Zephiran, becoming more severe as the concentration and/or number of exposures increased. Gills were severely spongiot~c and necrotic, and there was much lamellar fusion through apposition. Membrane vesiculation, hydropic degeneration, and exfoliation of lamellar and interlamellar epithelium were also present. Blood chemistry was examined following the second exposure of fish to 3 ppm Zephiran. Haematocrit, serum protein and serum albumin concentrations increased significantly, whereas sodium, chloride and magnesium concentrations decreased; phosphorus, calcium and potassium levels did not change significantly. It is suggested that fish became hypoxic as a result of damage to the gills and that this resulted in a respiratory acidosis causing loss of serum water to the hyperosmotic extravascular tissues. Sodium and chloride were probably lost to the surrounding water via diffusion through the damaged lamellar epithelium. The dramatic drop in sodium and chloride concentration corroborates the severity of lesions seen histologically and ultrastructurally following exposure to Zephiran. In conclusion, the use of Zephiran in the treatment of fish bacterial d~seases (e.g. bacterial gill disease) is not recommended in light of the severe changes which follow exposure to therapeutic concentrations.


In recent years, using tools from linear and nonlinear systems theory, it has been shown that classes of dynamic systems in first-order forms can be alternatively written in higher-order forms, i.e., as sets of higher-order differential equations. Input-state linearization is one of the most popular tools to achieve such a representation. The equations of motion of mechanical systems naturally have a second-order form, arising from the application of Newton's laws. In the last five years, effective computational tools have been developed by the authors to compute optimal trajectories of such systems, while exploiting the inherent structure of the dynamic equations. In this paper we address the question of computing the neighboring optimal for systems in higher-order forms. It must be pointed out that the classical solution of the neighboring optimal problem is well known only for systems in the first-order form. The main contributions of this paper are: (i) derivation of the optimal feedback law for higher-order linear quadratic terminal controller using extended Hamilton-Jacobiequations; (ii) application of the feedback law to compute the neighboring optimal solution.


A significant clinical feature of disorders of antisocial behaviour involves difficulties in social functioning. It has been suggested that deficits in "theory of mind" (ToM) reasoning—the ability to decode others' emotions and thoughts—may underlie social difficulties in these populations. Success in demonstrating ToM impairment associated with antisocial behaviour and psychopathy in adults and children have been limited. In the current study, parent-reported conduct problems were concurrently measured with performance on an advanced test of ToM developed for children, the Child Eyes Test (Journal of Developmental and Learning Disorders, 5, 47–78). Preadolescent and young adolescent children (n=79) drawn from a community sample were required to identify emotions from photographic stimuli depicting the eye region of the face only. Findings suggested a generalised impairment in ToM in children with conduct problems, as indicated by a significant relationship between poor Eyes Test performance and conduct problems, even when IQ, sex and age were controlled for. The findings are discussed in the context of the amygdala theory of psychopathy, and the neural systems suggested to mediate performance on the Eyes Test.


Nowadays, the quantity of Rubber Plantation Aid Cooperation Plants (RCOPs) in Songkhla Province has decreased continuously due to the lack of operational efficiency of each RCOP. The assessment of RCPOs efficiency should be considered. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency of 48 RCOPs in Songkhla by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Input factors, which were considered, were 1) operation cost, 2) number of member, 3) number of share and 4) rubber plantation areas; whereas output factors were volume of latex to purchase and revenue.  Inputs and outputs were identified based on resource-based view theory (RBV).  The result shows that 11 RCOPs are efficient, while 37 RCOPs are inefficient. In addition the result point out the target values for 37 RCOPs to improve their efficiency.


Objective To explore the correlation of functional alterations of renal canaliculus and glomerulus in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Method 70 of type 2 diabetes patients and 30 of controls were selected and detected with radioimmunoassay on their levels of 24 hours urine micro-albumin(24 h UMA),α 1 micro-globulin(α 1-MG),β 2 micro-globulin(β 2-MG),and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine in serum.Results Levels of urine α 1-MG and β 2-MG were significantly higher in groups of normal 24 h UMA,UMA and clinical albumin urine than in group of controls,respectively(P0.05,P0.01).There were positive correlations of 24 h UMA with urine α 1-MG and urine β 2-MG(r=0.427,0.446,P0.01,respectively).Conclusion Urine α 1-MG and β 2-MG could be items of early diagnosis on type 2 diabetic nephrosis.There existed functional impairments in renal canaliculus on the early stage of diabetic nephrosis.


Introduction: Hemoptysis and pulmonary hemorrhage are rarely described as complications of cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (CB PVI). We aimed to evaluate a large single center cohort regarding frequency and possible risk factors for manifestation of these complications. Hypothesis: Hemoptysis and pulmonary tissue injury are rare complications of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation. Methods: Among 715 consecutive patients evaluated from a single center data base 4.3% (31 pts, 29 male, mean age 60.5 ± 11.5 years) were identified to have experienced hemoptysis following CB PVI. Results: Comparison to 31 matched controls from the same cohort revealed significantly lower ablation temperatures in the case group for the right inferior pulmonary vein (PV) (case group: -56.2 ± 26.6 °C; control group: 49.1 ± 13.2 °C; p = 0.004) and left inferior PV(case group -56.4 ± 11.9 °C; control group 47.2 ± 7.6 °C; p = 0.001) in a univariate analysis. All other procedural parameters were found to be not significantly different between the groups. Although pre-procedural levels of hemoglobin were comparable, post-procedural hemoglobin was also lower in the case-group (case-group: 12.9 ± 1.6 g/dl; control-group: 13.7 ± 1.5 g/dl; p Conclusions: Post-procedural hemoptysis after CB PVI seems to be a relatively frequent finding associated with low freezing temperatures and pulmonary tissue infiltration predominantly located at the right inferior PV.