Unlike T cells that recognize peptide-MHC complexes, B cells recognize native antigen in both soluble and membrane-associated forms. It is well established that foreign antigen can be presented in membrane-bound form and induce B cell activation but it remains unclear how mildly autoreactive B cells retained within the repertoire after central tolerance are prevented from inducing humoral autoimmunity despite the presence of their cognate antigen in serum. Here, we demonstrate that membrane-associated antigen provides superior affinity discrimination than soluble antigen. We also show that B cells express various mechanosensors, PIEZO-1, PIEZO-2, TRPA1, and TRPV5, which play an important role in robust B cell activation and in induction of the key B cell regulator gene, Myc, when B cells encounter membrane-associated antigen. We speculate that the mechanisms at play in conferring distinct sensitivity to different forms of antigen helps to explain B cell tolerance and activation in response to auto- and foreign antigens, respectively.


Recently, there has been a tremendous demand for developing tools to support education and entertainment in a seamless manner. Many existing works in this domain have focused on developing systems that either require too much interaction or are not suitable for young children who are at their very early stage of learning. It is also very challenging to develop an edutainment environment that does not require special technical skills, yet provides useful functionalities. In this paper, we address this issue and present the design and development of an ambient edutainment system for the very young children. Based on communication and multimedia technologies, "it" provides educative and entertaining capabilities for children between the age of 1 and 4. One of the important features it presents is the transformation of narrative activities into visual representations. Children, supervised or unsupervised, can have both the capability of improving their cognitive skills and learning about new objects and entities through the use of visual presentations provided by the proposed system.


The estimation of the three‐dimensional (3‐D) motion parameters of a rigid body is a very important subject in scene analysis and trajectory prediction. Motion parameters can be estimated from two sets of object feature points before and after the motion. In general, the matching correspondences of the feature points are available, and the motion parameters can be estimated by solving equations associated with the correspondences. In this paper, we present a new method for motion estimation from 3‐D data without requiring the knowledge of matching correspondences.


The council meetings in prisons is an old and well-established institution in Norway, where employees considering inmate applications for leave of absence, transfer to lower security and release on probation of 2/3 part time. The council members are bound by legislation, regulations and guidelines, but they also manage prison professional judgment.In the article we ask what kind of knowledge about local progression, progression and reversal practices, practices that can be produced, by reading councils inspired by a Deleuzian view? Based on critical ethnography, we have studied the council meetingson the basis of a Deleuze discussion about what a body can do. The article shows how council members, through what is done and said, moves the prisoner application forward to a vote that either endorses or discourages the application. The article clarifies council participants' categorizations of inmates and shows how time and trust are woven intolocal progression- and reversal practices. Further on, how meaningful categories, such as trust, time and the process of becoming, in various ways, are woven into local progression- and reversal practices. Dilemmas council members are facing are highlighted, and the article raises questions relating to the council meeting's safeguarding of the inmatesright to predictability and equal treatment.


The study aimed at revealing the relationship between psychological hardiness for mothers of children with educable mental disability and psychological and social adjustment for their children, the researcher used the comparative correlative descriptive methodology in the current study. Study sample consisted of a group of 36 children and their mothers aging between (6-9), their IQ ranging between (55-70), psychological hardiness scale for mothers was applied on them prepared by Emad Mekhemar 2002, psychological and social adjustment scale for their children prepared by Abdullah Gouda 2011, educational social level form prepared by Faiza Youseif 1980. The study concluded the following results: ·      There is a statistic ally significant relationship between psychological hardiness for mothers and psychological social adjustment for their children with mild mental disability. ·      There is no differences between mothers of children with mental disability on hardiness scale according to education level. ·      There are no statistically significant differences between males and females on psychological and social adjustment scale for children with mild mental disability.


Contingent faculty represent the largest instructional group in higher education today, yet few receive any andragogic training prior to teaching. Does this impact their effectiveness in the classroom?


Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity of older people. Direct financial expenditure for the treatment of osteoporotic fracture in the U.S. is estimated at $10-$15 billion per year. Though there are a number of methods for diagnostics of osteoporosis, X-ray radioscopy, NMR, element analysis, densitometry, etc., the development of new methods, which are complementary to the existing ones, is highly desirable. We have carried out first experiments on the examination of spectroscopic characteristics of healthy and osteoporosis-affected bone tissues in the terahertz spectral range. The samples were prepared by pressing of grounded bone tissue obtained from the intact rats Wistar and from the senescence-accelerated rats OXYS. The OXYS rats suffered hereditary osteoporosis developed early in life are, therefore, a useful model for examining osteoporosis. The first experiments using a Fourier-spectrometer showed considerable difference in the bone tissue absorbance for two strains, though statistic tests are still required. Because the bone tissue is a highly-absorbing substance, the attenuated total reflection spectroscopy seems to be the most adequate method for detailed bone study. Imaging radioscopy of bone samples using a matrix of microbolometers as a sensor and the Novosibirsk free electron laser as a source of monochromatic terahertz radiation is described.


The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), remains a major public health concern in Latin America. The insect vectors are haematophagous triatomine bugs that, during or after their blood meal, pass the infective form of T. cruzi with feces; the parasite can then enter the host through mucosal membranes, the conjunctiva or abraded skin. Other routes of infection are congenital, oral or via blood/organ donation. The acute phase of infection lasts up to a few weeks, with nonspecific, self-resolving symptoms, although deaths can occur in this phase, particularly in children or young adults. The subsequent chronic phase of infection is life-long unless successfully treated, and asymptomatic (indeterminate) in the majority of patients. However, approximately 30% of infected individuals will develop chronic cardiac and/or gastrointestinal pathologies, with sudden death due to chagasic cardiomyopathy [1]. Chronic symptoms may manifest years or decades after the initial infection; currently, there is no prognostic indicator. A recent WHO report estimates that 5–6 million people are infected with T. cruzi [2]. Although vector-borne transmission is confined to the Americas, Chagas disease among migrants from Latin America has become of global health relevance. Trypanosoma cruzi displays remarkable intraspecies diversity, with six genetic lineages (TcI-TcVI) [3], and a proposed seventh, TcBat [4]. The possible association of different lineages of T. cruzi with distinct forms of the disease is a long-standing research interest [5]: the cardiac syndrome is found throughout the endemic area, whereas mega syndromes of the colon and esophagus have rarely been reported beyond the southern cone countries of South America. Trypanosoma cruzi is a zoonosis, with all mammals being susceptible to infection, and humans becoming a later host following the historic peopling of the Americas. The association between T. cruzi lineages, vectors and domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic animals and ecological cycles is complex [6,7]. Investigating the association between infecting lineage(s) and clinical outcome or ecological cycles has faced significant confounding challenges: the sequestration of the parasite in host tissues during the chronic phase, possibly in a lineage-dependent manner, hampers lineage identification by direct genotyping; in vitro culture of isolates may favor the selection of certain lineages. Current serological techniques identify T. cruzi specific antibodies (usually IgG), but are not designed to identify infecting lineage. The possibility therefore arose that serology based on lineage-specific T. cruzi antigens could overcome these difficulties, as it would allow the identification of an individual's history of lineage infection without the need to genotype or isolate the parasite. In 2002, Di Noia and colleagues [8] published a pioneering report on TSSA, a mucin expressed on the mammalian bloodstream form of T. cruzi. This allowed researchers to enter a new era of lineage-specific serology for this parasite. Following the initial characterization, greater diversity of the protein core of TSSA was revealed [9]. There is a short


Abstract Gastric varices are a sequela of portal hypertension. If left untreated, life-threatening bleeding can occur. While endoscopic treatment is traditionally considered as a first-line interventional option, endovascular techniques have emerged to become the superior option in certain clinical scenarios, either as a first-line therapy or a salvage therapy. Endovascular techniques for managing gastric varices include transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), coil, and plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration, as well as a combination of both. Studies have shown that endovascular techniques can effectively control bleeding from gastric varices, with high success rates and low complication rates, and significantly reduce recurrence. TIPS placement has shown to be more effective in controlling bleeding from gastroesophageal varices, while BRTO, coil, or plug-assisted embolizations are more suitable for patients with isolated gastric varices. Endovascular interventions are a valuable option for managing gastric varices, especially in patients who are not candidates for endoscopic treatment or who have failed previous endoscopic interventions. In this two-part series editorial, we aim to initially review the complex anatomy and classification of gastric varices, medical management, and current endovascular interventional techniques, and how they compare with one another. In part 2, we draw a parallel between endovascular versus endoscopic techniques, and highlight and critically review current literature as it pertains to gastric variceal management.


Linear second order recursive sequences with arbitrary initial conditions are studied. For sequences with the same parameters a ring and a group is attached, and isomorphisms and homomorphisms are established for related parameters. In the group, called the sequence group, sequences are identified if they differ by a scalar factor, but not if they differ by a shift, which is the case for the Laxton group. Prime divisors of sequences are studied with the help of the sequence group mod p, which is always cyclic of order p± 1. Even and odd numbered subsequences are given independent status through the introduction of one rational parameter in place of two integer parameters. This step brings significant simplifications in the algebra. All elements of finite order in Laxton groups and sequence groups are described effectively. A necessary condition is established for a prime p to be a divisor of a sequence: the norm (determinant) of the respective element of the ring must be a quadratic residue mod p. This leads to an uppers estimate of the set of divisors by a set of prime density 1/2. Numerical experiments show that the actual density is typically close to 0.35. A conjecture is formulated that the sets of prime divisors of the even and odd numbered elements are independent for a large family of parameters.


Introduction: In the broad sense, voice refers to the sound we produce to communicate meaning, ideas, opinions, etc. In the narrow sense, voice, as in this review, refers to sounds produced by vocal fold vibration. Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to determine and analyze voice problems in patients with renal failure to establish a base line data about the size and distribution of the propable voice disorder in these patients in order to facilitate early detection and proper management of these voice problems. Subjects and Methods: This study included 110 individuals, age ranging from 25 years to 70 years. Results: I. Descriptive and comparative analysis: The individuals in this study included in two groups: The study group (GI): patients suffering from chronic renal failure (n=54). They were 38males(70.3%) and 16 females (29.6%),with a mean age of46.66 ± 12.65 and a range of 25 years to 70years. The control group (GII): This group included 56 individuals not suffering from renal failure. They were 40 males (71.4%) and 16 females (29.5%), with a mean age45.55 ± 11.05 and a range of 25 years 70 years. Conclusion & Recommendation: The results of our study revealed that subjects with chronic failure exhibit a clinical evidence of voice disorders and proving that there is interplay of different body systems and the larynx.


We report on recent progress in developing green-yellow (530-590 nm) II-VI/III-N micro-chip laser converters comprising low-threshold (0.8-2.5 kW/cm2) II-VI laser heterostructures with CdSe/Zn(Cd)Se quantum dot active region, optically pumped by InGaN laser diodes.


Excerpt To the editor: In the January 1977 issue Van Thiel and associates (1) reported on "A Syndrome of Immunoglobulin A Deficiency, Diabetes Mellitus, Malabsorption, and a Common HLA Haplotype." ...


We demonstrate channel contention resolution across the C-band in a field trial utilising two simple all-optical wavelength converters. The power penalty of the scheme is found to be a constant 1 dB across the band.


To discover new compounds with broad spectrum and high activity, we designed a series of novel benzamides containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety by bioisosterism, and 28 benzamides derivatives with antifungal activity were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated against four fungi: Botrytis cinereal, FusaHum graminearum, Marssonina mali, and Thanatephorus cucumeris. The results indicated that most of the compounds displayed good fungicidal activities, especially against Botrytis cinereal. For example, 10a (84.4%), 10d (83.6%), 10e (83.3%), 10f (83.1%), 10i (83.3%), and 10l (83.6%) were better than pyraclostrobin (81.4%) at 100 mg/L. In addition, the acute toxicity of 10f to zebrafish embryo was 20.58 mg/L, which was classified as a low-toxicity compound.


The question of whether the monovacancy or the self‐interstitial is the point defect responsible for impurity diffusion is reviewed in the light of buried marker diffusion experiments and irradiation‐enhanced diffusion data. It is concluded that coupled vacancy‐impurity diffusion is the preferred interpretation, but no definite conclusions can be drawn. However, the role of the self‐interstitial in diffusion is proposed through a model which assumes that during oxidation, exchanges can take place between vacancies, self‐interstitials, impurity interstitials, and substitutional impurities. By assuming a partial interstitialcy diffusion model it is shown that ?10–20% of the impurity flux during nonoxidizing diffusion conditions is due to impurity interstitials displaced by self‐interstitials in equilibrium in the silicon. Calculations of impurity interstitial formation energies are consistent with the degree of oxidation enhanced diffusion measured for boron, phosphorus, and arsenic.


To improve the seismic performance of coupled shear walls in high‐rise buildings and to eliminate the problems of large residual deformation and relatively small initial stiffness and damping properties of the traditional viscoelastic coupling beam damper (TVCBD), an innovative shape memory alloy (SMA)‐cable‐controlled self‐centering viscoelastic coupling beam damper (SVCBD) with energy dissipation and self‐centering capabilities was designed and investigated in this study. The construction form and operating principles of the SVCBD were proposed, relevant material performance tests of the cables were performed, and good results were obtained. Finally, the contribution of the SVCBD to seismic mitigation of a 10‐story reinforced concrete coupled shear wall structure was verified by seismic time‐history analyses. The results indicated that compared with TVCBD, SVCBD possesses fuller hysteretic curves, showing stronger energy dissipation capacity, higher initial stiffness, and much smaller residual deformation. The initial strain and cross‐sectional area of the SMA cables and the shear area of the viscoelastic plates affect the energy dissipation and self‐centering performance of SVCBD significantly. The seismic response and post‐earthquake residual deformation of the coupled shear wall structure and the plastic damage of the main components can be effectively controlled by utilizing the proposed SVCBD.


We show that canonical extra mixing with a diffusion coefficient Dmix ≈ 109 cm2 s-1, which is thought to start working in the majority of low-mass stars when they reach the bump luminosities on the red giant branch (RGB), cannot lead to an Li flash or a thermal instability, as has been proposed. The abundance levels of 7Li measured in the most extreme Li-rich giants can be reproduced with models including enhanced extra mixing with a diffusion coefficient Dmix ≈ 1011 cm2 s-1. We propose that if extra mixing in RGB stars is driven by rotation, then enhanced extra mixing and Li enrichment in some of these stars can be triggered by their spinning up by an external source of angular momentum. As plausible mechanisms of the spinning up, we consider tidal synchronization of a red giant's spin and orbital rotation in a close binary system and engulfment of a massive planet. The most convincing theoretical argument in favor of our hypothesis is a finding that a 10-fold increase of the spin angular velocity of a solar metallicity upper RGB star results in appropriate changes of both extra-mixing depth and rate, exactly as required for efficient Li production. We regard the existence of binary and single RGB stars with rotational velocities approaching ~10% of their equatorial Keplerian velocities, as well as the much larger proportion of Li-rich giants (~50%) among rapidly rotating objects, as the observational support for our hypothesis.


When the market undergoes a learning process about the IPO, it takes time for the demand to reach the equilibrium consistent with the new issue's intrinsic value. Hence, the temporary short-term demand can deviate substantially from the stabilized long-term demand. This difference requires the underwriter to respond differently to different pre-market conditions that are dictated by the short-term demand: While she must accommodate the overly pessimistic views of investors in a cold IPO (because the shares cannot be sold at a perceived premium), she has the option to respond only partially to investors' overly optimistic views in a hot IPO. We model this asymmetric response of the underwriter and derive IPO regularities relating underpricing, partial price revision, and long-run underperformance. We provide evidence that supports the model's predictions. JEL classification: G14, G24, G32


Purpose

While research has been conducted on the causes of workarounds, less is known about their impact on business processes and system outcomes. This study aims to investigate the impact on accounting information quality from workarounds implemented by personnel at a large global organization.

Design/methodology/approach

Interviews and qualitative analysis methods were used at one large multinational organization in the midst of a multi-year SAP implementation. A subset of employees in the desired categories (systems designers and advisors) was gained through snowball sampling.

Findings

Workarounds have significant impacts on the quality of both financial and managerial accounting information quality. System users are often unable to fully comprehend their place in the task chain, and thus are unaware of the implications of their actions on information quality.

Research limitations/implications

Control issues are an inherent part of workaround outcomes, as is the notion of system success. The current research suggests a need for much more work in these areas, including additional exploration of the outcomes of workarounds.

Practical implications

The examples demonstrated very clearly that deviations from standard procedures have very real consequences. In particular, the completeness, neutrality and accuracy were impacted, making it difficult for the organization to achieve relevance and faithful representation in their financial information. Additional insights are provided concerning the importance of knowledge sharing and the degree to which an organization may achieve a more integrated information system.

Originality/value

This paper complements existing research on workarounds through analysis of impacts on accounting information quality. An important contribution of the current study is to continue the move away from focusing solely on the causes of workarounds, and instead investigate the outcomes.


AbstmctThe performance of site specific ray tracing methods based on UTD to predict the path loss are compared against measurement based models and measurements. An empirical formulation based on a simple least squares regression At from one site is used as a prediction tool at another site having similar building environment. Comparing the accuracy of both types of prediction models, it is found that the site specific method provides an improvement over the traditional method of measurement based path loss prediction.


We used voltage-sensitive dye imaging to visualize the distribution of initiation sites of the spontaneous interictal-like spikes (sISs) in rat neocortex, in vivo, induced by bicuculline or picrotoxin over the exposed cortex. The initiation site was small (∼200 μm in diameter). On average, each initiation site initiated 2.0 ± 0.8 sISs (nine animals, 499 sISs, 251 sites). This is significantly different from that in neocortical slices, where each initiation site initiated 30 to 100 sISs. The initiation sites were not randomly distributed. The distance between two consecutive sites tended to be either <800 or >1,200 μm, suggesting a temporal "suppression annulus" surrounding each initiation site. Within the annulus, the likelihood for initiating the next sIS was reduced. Suppression annulus did not have a noticeable change in the presence of γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-b antagonist, suggesting that it did not depend on the GABA-b inhibition. We also applied bicuculline locally to a spot of 800 × 800 μm2 for ∼45 minutes. During this period, ∼1,000 sISs occurred within the spot. Bicuculline or picrotoxin was then applied to the entire craniotomy window. The pretreatment created an obvious cluster of initiation sites. Around this cluster, the suppression annulus became obvious in individual animals. Our results suggest that in disinhibited cortex, epileptiform events were initiated from small sites. The initiation sites may cluster in an area with increased local activity. Surrounding each initiation site, a temporal suppression annulus may appear.


Distributed dynamic compensators play a key role in the output consensus problem of heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems. The existing distributed dynamic compensators require the compensators' information to be exchanged through communication networks and to satisfy additional stability conditions in the controller design. This article proposes a distributed dynamic compensator to address the adaptive output consensus problem of heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems with unknown parameters. The distributed dynamic compensator only requires the output information to be exchanged through communication networks. In addition, the distributed dynamic compensator converts the original consensus problem into standard asymptotic tracking problems of nonlinear systems, without requiring extra stability conditions in the literature. Then, well-established and standard control approaches can be used to design tracking controllers and solve the standard asymptotic tracking problems. This article adopts the standard adaptive backstepping approach as an example to design adaptive tracking controllers. It is further proved that all signals in the closed-loop system are globally uniformly bounded, and the proposed scheme enables the outputs of all agents to track the leader's signal asymptotically. A simulation is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the design methodology.


Relationships between chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco leaf(total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine and protein) and meteorological factors were analyzed,with the data of tobacco chemical compositions and monthly meteorological data in field period(from May to August) of tobacco in 83 tobacco-planting counties of Yunnan Province in 2004.And the meteorological factors impact comprehensive index of chemical compositions were calculated.On this foundation,forecasting model of tobacco chemical compositions was established.Main chemical compositions of tobacco leaf in the counties in 2005 were simulated with the corresponding meteorological factors,and the forecasting values were compared with observed values.The results showed that percent relative root mean square error(RRMES) of forecasted total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine and protein values were 9.30 %,9.87 %,10.55 %,60.40 % and 12.35 %,respectively.Spatial distribution of the relative errors(RE) of total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen and protein showed that REs of the four chemical compositions in most of tobacco-planting areas of Yunnan Province were lower than 10 %.The results suggested that predictive effects of total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen and protein were preferable while the predictive effect of nicotine was poor.But when the content of tobacco leaf chemical composition was far too high or low,the forecast error of the model was larger.


Two endo-type cellulases, tentatively called carboxymethyl cellulases (CMCases) I and II, were purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and chromatofocusing from a culture supernatant of Penicillium purpurogenum.Their homogeneitywas verified by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of CMCasesI and II, estimated by gel filtration, were 72,000 and 50,000, respectively. CMCasesI and II contained about 12%and 8% carbohydrate, and had isoelectric points of 4.3 and 3.9, respectively. CMCase I producedcellobiose, glucose, and a trace amountof cellotriose from H3PO4-swollencellulose and Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose), while CMCaseII produced cellobiose and cellotriose with a small amount of glucose and cellotetraose. The products from reduced cellopentaose by both enzymes were released predominantly in the /^-configuration. CMCaseII appeared to act in more random fashion than I against carboxymethyl cellulose. These results suggest that both enzymes attack insoluble cellulose randomly, although there are somedifferences in the modeof hydrolytic action.


The sample is suspended in a liquid of graded density contained within a hollow prism. This permits the determination of the refractive index of the liquid at the level of the suspended sample, from which the density of the liquid, and therefore of the particles, may be obtained.


With the downsizing of the energy sector in India and developing countries, the core demand of electricity power supply is adding another source of constraint to the industrial, infrastructural, and development sectors in India. With the growth of the economy that brings along hazardous degrading our ecosystem viz. depleting ozone layer due to utilization of fossil fuel to produce the never ending energy demand, arrives at an alternate provision to produce the energy to fulfill the demand. The renewable energy sources like wind, tidal, geothermal, and biogas are such sources that can meet the required consumption of power. This article outlines the use of wind turbines as an effective source of energy and describes its features, models, and design modifications by which the power coefficient of the Savonius rotors, a vertical axis wind turbine, can be improved through design parameters and optimal configuration of the rotor.


The variations in dielectric constant of a dilute suspension of rigid spheroids in a dielectric fluid in a combined uniform shear and electric field have been examined. Electrical polarization of the particles perturbs the local electric field thus causing additional electrical displacements which, when compared with the electrical displacement of the pure medium, makes it possible to calculate the dielectric constant of the suspension as a function of particle orientation.By combining the dielectric theory with that for the distribution of particle orientations, dielectric constants in both the transient and steady states are evaluated. Since the particle rotations, and hence the orientation distributions, depend on the relative magnitudes of electrical to hydrodynamic torques acting on the particles, the dielectric constant depends on the intensity of electric field, i.e., the suspensions show non-linear dielectric and anisotropic behaviour. It is shown that the dielectric constant oscillates when shear is applied, but that for various reasons which are considered the oscillations are damped in practical suspensions and eventually a steady state value is attained.Preliminary measurements with metal coated fibres confirm this general pattern of behaviour.


Based on the turbo-air stream classifying principle, the quality of superfine WC powder get further improving by means of superfine pulverizing grader. Experiments show that the technology of air steam classifying has significant effect on increase of the fineness and the particle classification efficiency. By comparing different type of air stream equipment, the QYF fluid-bed superfine pulverizing grader was adopted in the experiment that was manufactured by KunShan superfine pulverizers factory as well as obtaining high quality superfine WC powder with high homogeneous. Finally, the factor was studied that influence the densification and shrinkage, including the low-pressure sintering and inhibitor additions, experimental evidence indicates that Cr3C2 and VC is suitable to as inhibitor additions of ultra-fine cemented carbide. Also, an investigation on the relationship between grain growth and the amount of inhibitor additives was also made. High quality ultra-fine cemented carbide was manufactured with WC grain size lies in the average of 0.3–0.4µm, alloy hardness of higher than 93 and bending strength higher than 3300. The microstructure was found to be composed of very fine and uniform carbides.


Pyroelectric detector is a class of thermal detector in which the change in temperature causes the change in the spontaneous polarization in the sensing material. In this work, we report the design of uncooled pyroelectric detectors which utilized a nanometer sized truss to support the suspended detector. The design and performance of pyroelectric detectors have been conducted by simulating the structure with Intellisuite™ utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM). The simulated detectors had a spider web-like structure with each of the strut of spider web had a width of 100 nm. Ca modified lead titanate (PCT) was employed as the thermometer because of its high pyroelectric figure of merit. The pyroelectric detectors utilized Ni0.8Cr0.2 absorber, PCT sensing layer, Ti electrodes, Al2O3 structural layer to obtain low thermal conductance between the detector and Si substrate. Three different types of pyroelectric detectors were designed and analyzed. The first design had linear electrode and simple spider web support. The value of the thermal conductance of this detector was found to be 3.98×10-8 W/K. The second design had a longer thermal path than the first one and had a thermal conductivity of 2.41×10-8 W/K. The design was optimized for the best result by modifying the shape, dimension and thickness of various layers namely absorber, electrodes, sensing layer and struts. The thermal conductance of the third design was found to be as low as 4.57×10-9 W/K which is significantly lower than previously reported values. The highest calculated detectivity and reponsivity values were 1.15 × 1010 cm Hz1/2/W and 4.9 × 107 V/W respectively.


(73) Assignee: HEOEING COMPANY, Chicago, Prokopenko et al., "Optimizing Associative Information Transfer (US) Within Content-addressable Memory." International Journal of c Notice: Subiect t disclai the t f thi Unconventional Computation, vol. 4. Issue 3, Special issue: (*) O1C ubject to any disclaimer, une term o S "Towards Theory of Unconventional Computing." 2008, pp. 273 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 296. U.S.C. 154(b) by 247 days. * cited by examiner (21) Appl. No.: 13/964,797 Primary Examiner — Kevin Verbrugge (22) Filed: Aug. 12, 2013 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Yee & Associates, P.C.


Many RhD variants associated with anti‐D formation (partial D) in carriers exposed to the conventional D antigen carry mutations affecting extracellular loop residues. Surprisingly, some carry mutations affecting transmembrane or intracellular domains, positions not thought likely to have a major impact on D epitopes.


As a result of the sophisticated detection and isolation procedures developed by Omural and others, the family of biologically active pyranoquinones continues to grow rapidly. As a consequence of their interesting structures and useful activity, several synthetic approaches have already appeared.2 Disciplines Chemistry | Organic Chemistry | Other Chemistry | Polymer Chemistry Comments Reprinted (adapted) with permission from The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 55(3); 1105-1106. Doi: 10.1021/jo00290a056. Copyright 1990 American Chemical Society. This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/chem_pubs/646 J. Org. C h e m . 1990,55, 1105-1106 1105 Acknowledgment. We would like to express our appreciation to Drs. Helen H. Ong and Richard C. Allen for many helpful suggestions and to Dana Hallberg and Anastasia Linville for providing the spectral data. Registry No. 2, 105535-42-0; 3, 124021-54-1; 4, 118046-28-9; 5 , 118026-87-2; 6a, 118104-56-6; 6b, 118075-70-0; 6c, 124021-55-2; 6d, 118046-40-5; 7, 105535-74-8; Sa, 118104-54-4; 8b, 118075-66-4. A Versatile Intermediate for the Synthesis of Pyranoquinone Antibiotics George A. Kraus* and Jianmin Shi Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011


A new route discovery optimization based on unicast query is proposed that result in as much as 30% reduction in the number of query packets propagated whenever a new route needs to be discovered. It achieves this by unicasting the query packets along an existing route towards a target neighbor. Simulation results show that a network with high degree of nodal mobility benefits most from this optimization.


This community service takes the title "Increasing Digital Competence for Samosir Millennial Generation in the Context of Leading Tourism Promotion". The problem that is being solved in this activity is increasing the competence of communication skills in using digital media for tourism promotion purposes. The competencies that you want to develop are the ability to write, photography, videography, and mastery of social media for the promotion of leading tourism in Samosir Regency. Activities carried out in this first year focused on the ability to write features for the Instagram format for SMA Negeri 1 Pangururan students as well as the formation of the Surat Naposo community which will become a pioneer community for tourism promotion among Millennial Samosir. The formation of this community was followed up by the creation of a Surat Naposo Instagram account which will publish writings from community members. The output target to be achieved is the formation of the "Surat Naposo" community that has skills in writing, photography, videography, and can manage the web independently. The partner in this activity is the Samosir Regency Tourism Office.


traditional residential patterns, did they depend more on "spacetranscending technologies" like the telephone (or car) to cement established personal ties over longer distance? Conversely, did the availability of telephone connections to family and friends in their old neighborhoods make households more inclined to relocate to the suburbs? In addition, we may want to search for indirect, but no less significant consequences of the telephone on daily life. Did long-distance connections, as Bell officials claimed, reconfigure the economic landscape—the spatial organization of economic activities within and between firms? If so, then the social consequences of the telephone cannot be measured simply by the share of local advertising in local papers or the tendency of town residents to marry outsiders. We must also ascertain, for example, whether transport and communications innovations fostered the greater differentiation of commercial establishments within metropolitan areas and so increased the economic interdependence among communities, or how they changed the fortunes of towns, the movements of people into and out of communities, and so potential personal contacts in-, not outside, town boundaries. The value of Fischer's contribution is that it invites these speculations, not that it definitively resolves them.


This paper proposes a method of batch process organization, a method of generation and transfer of batch recipes using XML documents and XML schemas is introduced. The relationship between XML schema and S88 standard is analysed and synthesized. XML documents and XML schemas are designed based on structure-likely between XML and S88 process models. A complete batch process that applied for cooking area of beer factory is implemented in the result. The implemented architecture is used to create a toolbox for batch process organization.


The release and dispersion of flammable gas has greatly harmful to human and environment . In this paper, CFD method was applied to study the continuous point source release and dispersion. Taking propane as an example, the relationship between the surface area of the flammable heavy gas and the release velocity, wind velovity, the width of the obstacle was analysed. On basis of the numerical simulation, the dispersion rule of flammable gas was presented.


Patterned few-layer graphene (FLG) films were obtained by local solid phase growth from nickel silicide supersaturated with carbon, following a fabrication scheme, which allows the formation of self-aligned ohmic contacts on FLG and is compatible with conventional SiC device processing methods. The process was realised by the deposition and patterning of thin Ni films on semi-insulating 6H-SiC wafers followed by annealing and the selective removal of the resulting nickel silicide by wet chemistry. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to confirm both the formation and subsequent removal of nickel silicide. The impact of process parameters such as the thickness of the initial Ni layer, annealing temperature, and cooling rates on the FLG films was assessed by Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and atomic force microscopy. The thickness of the final FLG film estimated from the Raman spectra varied from 1 to 4 monolayers for initial Ni layers between 3 and 20 nm thick. Self-aligned con...


Faces are an important source of social information for humans. Even developing infants are drawn to faces and face-like objects. The current experiment explores the ability of 4to 9month-olds to recognize face-like features in images of non-face objects. Using a preferential looking paradigm, we presented infants with upright and inverted images of face-like objects. We hypothesized that if infants were able to recognize the face-like pattern of the elements in the object imaged, they would look longer at the upright image than the inverted image. Results did not provide evidence that infants preferred the upright image, suggesting that they may not recognize the objects as face-like. INFANTS' PERCEPTION OF FACE-LIKE OBJECTS 3 Do You See What I See? Infants' Perception of Face-like Objects We see faces everyday—not just in the people we meet, but also in the objects around us. Faces are very salient visual stimuli for humans. Most individuals can recall an instance when they looked at the markings on an object and thought it resembled a face— two dots of mustard and a ketchup smile on a burger, long eyes and a tiny gaping mouth in an electrical outlet, or a grilled cheese sandwich resembling the Virgin Mary which fetched $28,000 on E-bay (Wilson, 2005). Humans are drawn to the face-like qualities we see in objects in the world. The focus of this research was to explore whether infants also pay particular attention to face-like qualities in non-face objects in their environment. The information an infant can glean from a human face, including identity, affect, and social cues, provides good reason for infants to pay special attention to faces. Some psychologists have suggested that humans may have a special mechanism that attracts us to faces and face-like stimuli right from birth (Bowlby, 1958). This mechanism would serve an obvious adaptive purpose in attracting infants to their caregivers. Considering that infants encounter novel objects and situations so often in development, the ability to use familiar faces as a source of information about these novel events is a highly adaptive ability (Lundqvist & Ohman, 2005). Only a few hours after birth, infants prefer to look at faces, particularly familiar ones, over other patterns. Research has shown that after a few hours of exposure to their mothers' faces, newborns prefer looking at their mother's face over a stranger's (Field, Cohen, Garcia, & Greenberg, 1984). Other researchers have instead suggested that infants are not attracted to faces intrinsically, but encounter faces so commonly in their environments that they are naturally attracted to them from a very early age (Kagan, 1967). Regardless of whether newborns are INFANTS' PERCEPTION OF FACE-LIKE OBJECTS 4 attracted to faces because of an innate mechanism or because of very early experience, infants as young as newborns exhibit facial preferences. Infants also exhibit a preference for face-like stimuli. In an early study, researchers tracked the degree to which newborns visually followed moving representations of a schematic face, a scrambled face, and a blank face stimulus. Newborns visually followed both the schematic and scrambled faces longer than the blank face. Moreover, they tracked the schematic face further than the scrambled face. This suggests that newborns paid more attention to the face schema structure rather than just the high contrast of the facial features presented (Goren, et al., 1975; Johnson, Dziurawiec, Ellis, & Morton, 1991; Maurer & Young, 1983). With regard to using face-like stimuli, further research suggests that newborns' preference for face-like schema may be even more basic than a particular set and configuration of features. More specifically, research has suggested that infants' preference for faces may actually be attributable to a more general perceptual bias for top-heavy stimuli (Cassia et al., 2004; Simion, Cassia, Turati, & Valenza, 2003; Simion, Valenza, Macchi Cassia, Turati, & Umilta, 2002; Mondloch et al., 1999). In a study conducted by Valenza, Simion, Cassia, and Umilta (1996), the researchers presented newborns with pictures of head-like shapes containing three black squares in a top-heavy pattern (two squares on top, one on the bottom), or the same pattern with the squares inverted. The newborns reliably preferred the upright top-heavy pattern over the inverted bottom-heavy pattern. In later research, Simion and colleagues (2002) further investigated infants' preference for top-heavy patterns using stimuli containing five black squares in a pattern that was either topor bottom-heavy depending on its orientation. Each pattern was presented upright and inverted side by side. The researchers used a visual preference task to measure whether newborns looked INFANTS' PERCEPTION OF FACE-LIKE OBJECTS 5 longer at geometric patterns that were top-heavy or bottom-heavy. Again, the infants exhibited a preference for top-heavy stimuli containing more contrasting elements in the upper half. These results further support an infant preference for upright configurations that are top-heavy like faces. Much of the literature discussed here has been conducted with simple stimuli consisting of black and white geometric designs. The goal of the present study was to investigate how infants respond to more complex face-like configurations appearing in a variety of artifacts. The images were found in a children's book called Find a Face by Robert Francois and Jean Roberts which depicted various objects containing elements arranged in face-like patterns (see Figure 1). As one customer commented on Amazon.com, "I gave this to a nephew less than a year old. Though he is not reading yet, I know this will be a favorite. All children are fascinated with faces on themselves, others, toys, etc." While many adults have this reaction to the pictures in this book, it is not clear whether infants would perceive the face-like nature of such images. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that if infants are able perceive the images as face-like, they would look longer at an upright version of the image over an inverted version of the same image. When upright, the image represents a face, but when inverted the face-like configuration is distorted. Studies have found that the inversion effect—the impaired recognition of inverted faces, is present in infants as young as 4-months of age (Rose, Jankowski, & Feldman, 2008; Turati, Sangrigoli, Ruel, & de Schonen, 2004). Rose et al. (2008), found that the inversion effect was present in infants at 5-months old. Infants at this age were habituated to an upright face and then tested for recognition of the same face versus a novel one in a new upright pose and an inverted pose. The infants recognized the familiar face in the first condition but not INFANTS' PERCEPTION OF FACE-LIKE OBJECTS 6 in the second, suggesting that the inversion hindered their ability to recognize that the inverted and upright faces were the same. Similarly, Turati and colleagues (2004) investigated the effects of face inversion in infants at 4 months by habituating them to a face in an upright or inverted pose and then presenting them with the image in the same or opposite orientation during the test phase. In this scenario, infants were only able to recognize the faces when the images were upright during both the habituation and test phase. Results of these studies suggest that infants of this young age process upright and inverted faces differently. Only when faces are upright are infants storing the information to aid in later recognition, suggesting that infants place greater importance on understanding faces when they faces are upright. In the present research, we investigated infants' responses to images of objects that adults perceive as face-like when upright in Robert Francois and Jean Roberts's children's book Find a Face. The images depicted various objects that contained elements in a face-like pattern representative of two eyes and a mouth. When upright, the images resemble faces but they do not appear as face-like when inverted because the facial pattern is disrupted. We were interested in whether infants would prefer the upright images for their resemblance to faces in the upright orientation. Previous research indicated infants' attention to and preference for face-like patterns in schematic stimuli. We investigated whether infants would respond similarly to face-like patterns in more complex stimuli. Past research supports that infants prefer, more easily recognize, and pay more attention to face-like stimuli when upright versus inverted. Thus, we hypothesized that if infants were able to perceive these complex images as face-like, they would look longer at the upright versions. INFANTS' PERCEPTION OF FACE-LIKE OBJECTS 7


Observer Single-handed Transatlantic Race (OSTAR) participants were aided by a French-American space-based monitoring system which reported the yacht's positions throughout the race, and also served as an emergency locator service. Originating from NASA's Nimbus 6 Satellite, use of this system, called ARGOS made the OSTAR competition the most accurately reported sea race ever conducted. Each boat carried a portable transmitter allowing 88 new sources of oceanographic data available during the race.


Abstract Thin-layer chromatography of bile alcohols, bile acids and bile acid conjugates has been reviewed. Particular emphasis has been placed on the separation of the glycine and taurine conjugated bile acids as a class and as individual compounds, and on the isolation of bile alcohols and C27 bile acids diastereo-isomeric at C-25.


This paper is an industrial update on the development of Photovoltaic (PV) Technology. It highlights the three major current types of PV: Crystalline, Thin Film and Nanotechnology. The aim of the development in PV technology is to improve the efficiency of the cells while reducing the production cost of the modules. This variety of PV technologies is still under development to enhance the deployment of solar energy for a greener environment. Space PV Cell technology was also described and the progress in this field is expanding.


"Written with unequivocal enthusiasm for film, feminism and theory, "Women and Film" is a welcome and useful guide to a complex area."--"The Arts"


The theme of cooling is recurrent in the world around us. Air conditioning systems in residential environments are the most common examples of refrigeration systems. However, also in the treatment, storage, transport and distribution of food products, as well as in the health and tertiary sectors, refrigeration plays a central role. The main purpose of this research is the analysis of some techniques for the detection and diagnosis of faults in this type of systems, also called chillers. In the work, the chiller is analyzed in all its components, for which the operating principle and the significant variables for the fault detection task are derived. The research proceeds to the analysis of static methodologies based on the data for the detection of anomalies. Each of them builds a model of the system. This model is then used in the monitoring stage. The static nature of the methods proposed in the thesis refers to the use, in the model identification phase, of data relating to steady state of the system instead of the entire time evolution of the signals. In this way, the system is monitored in conditions of thermodynamic stationarity and sudden transients, difficult to characterize mathematically, are eliminated from the final database. The choice of data-driven methods is consistent with the direction of the current literature, mainly focused on those approaches that do not require a detailed physical description of the system. The ability to fine-tune the model from the data makes these techniques easily applicable to different plants. In particular, the thesis considers three techniques for the detection of anomalies. Two of them, the multiple linear regression and the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), identify a model for the data in the form, respectively, of a surface and a regression hyper-plane, while the third, the Mahalanobis's distance, takes into account the probabilistic characteristics of the dataset. These techniques are generally used for the prediction or for the dimensional reduction. In the thesis their effectiveness is tested in the context of the detection of anomalies. The different philosophies from which they take inspiration and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are considered. The comparison is proposed for some faulty dataset generated with software and on a real case.


This study examines the empirical link between three dimensions of market orientation, namely, student orientation, competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination, and private university performance in Kopertis X. The study was based on an empirical investigation of private universities located in Indonesia's provinces of West Sumatera, Riau, Jambi, and Riau Islands. The primary data for the study were collected from a self-administered mail survey of 237 questionnaires from the private university resulting in a sample of 114 usable responses being returned. From the application of the multiple regression analysis it was concluded that all three dimensions of market orientation had a significant impact on private university performance. Student orientation as a predictor variable is the strongest predictor of private university performance then followed by competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination.


In recent years, the leading scientific centres focus their research on improvement of mechanical properties of steels used for car manufacturing. These steels belong to a so-called 2nd generation of steels showing above-the-average plasticity while maintaining high strength. Thanks to these properties, they may be used successfully in automotive, armaments or railway industries for elements absorbing energy of a collision and ensuring high rigidity of a structure owing to their resistance to breaking. These steels are called TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) steels based on their hardening mechanism. In this paper, results of studies on the influence of parameters of thermo-plastic deformation on selected properties and structure of an X45MnAl20-3V austenitic steel showing the TWIP effect are presented. Moreover, an analysis of influence of the deformation on the structure of the studied steel in tensile tests has been carried out. The studied steel was manufactured by classic casting to a concast mould, obtaining ingots with dimensions of 100×100 mm, then subjected to rolling in 4 roll passes to a final thickness of 12 mm and 3 mm. The finish-rolling temperature was 950°C and the sheets were cooled in 2 media, i.e. in air and in water. It was confirmed that the studied steel belongs to the TWIP group of steels, with mechanical twinning being the prevailing process of hardening during deformation.


relative situation, and lie speaks of this fasiculus with becoming modesty. He has been long accustomed to make dissections for his father's lectures, and to prepare those parts not -usually noticed in anatomical plates; hence he has been induced to publish those views of the different organs in situ, taken from the posterior part of the body, and from the right and left side, and he mentions the plan he followed in making such sections. There are nine plates, accompanied by suitable descriptions ; two of them relate tothe case of aneurism,and therest to the generalanatomy of the thorax and abdomen. In some plates three smaller fi-


In this paper, measurements of the spectral occupancy in some high frequency (HF) bands in the Western part of Romania are presented. Signals have been acquisitioned by means of an Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) equipment and spectrum occupancy values have been calculated off-line for a set of frequency bands that present interest for establishing of a system for emergency communications. Calculations have been based on an energy detection criterion that is presented and discussed in the paper. Preliminary measurements performed simultaneously at two different locations, namely in Sibiu and Timişoara cities, Romania, are also reported and compared.


Abstract Recent research utilizing mathematical approaches to marine fish migration problems is critically reviewed. An analogy between the diffusion of organisms and physical quantities is drawn, and the well-known heat diffusion equation is examined as a possible general model for migration. Specific solutions to this equation under various boundary conditions utilizing empirically determined movement parameters derived from tagging and recapture data are obtained utilizing digital computer techniques. Available data are examined with a view toward suggesting the relative significance of the coefficients of directed movement and dispersion under various conditions. The possible mechanisms involved are briefly considered and the utility of the model in testing various hypotheses regarding the precision of the orientation is demonstrated.


In the 16th century, the influence of the Trent Doctrine and the need to support faith led to a turnaround
in the Marian iconography attending to the construction of a new appearance that was revealed in the
invocations of the Crown and later on in other local institutions influenced by the palatial language, symbol
of luxury and a guide to sanctity.
In this article we analyze some of the parts that commemorate that change and show the interweaving of the
palatial and the Christian world, reflecting a new iconography which was a sensitive display of the power and
glory of the virginal figure of Mary, preface of the Counterreform, banner of the Hispanic monarchy and
symbol of Catholicism under Philip II.


We present the variation of intensity in Doppler-free hyperfine lines for rubidium atoms with the application of magnetic field. Different polarization configurations have been studied systematically with varying magnetic fields. There is a significant increase in the intensity variation with applied magnetic field related to different polarization configurations. These variations are explained with the theoretical calculations. The calculations are performed by adopting Nakayama's four level model with the varying magnetic field induced transition probability.


In this qualitative study, we identified challenges to CR program attendance among completers and noncompleters. Some of these challenges include barriers that have been previously reported such as transportation and scheduling issues.6-8 However, we also identified other more novel barriers that are less well known, including a perceived lack of interaction with CR staff and patients; a feeling of anxiety related to exercise participation; and a feeling of being overwhelmed by medical appointments and other responsibilities, all of which lead the patient to view CR participation at a relatively low priority level. These findings suggest the importance of patient education and psychosocial support to help identify and overcome potential barriers to CR participation. This study was limited by the small sample size and by differing data collection strategies for completers and noncompleters. However, we used a standardized interview guide. A minority of women and employed individuals participated in the study. This may have weakened our ability to collect information from these populations, which along with ethnic minorities and lower income and education attainment, have been shown to be significant disparities in CR utilization.9,10


In this paper we take a different modeling approach based on the component driven (CD) model developed in Kuan, Huang, and Tsay~(2003) to test the permanent income hypothesis (PIH), an example of intertemporal choice models. A key feature of this approach is that it explicitly allows for state uncertainty. By assuming that the labor income follows a CD process, we show that the agent's perception on the likelihoods of income innovations being permanent and transitory plays a crucial role in determining the optimal forecasts on the change of consumption. In particular, the effect of a current innovation is a weighted average of two distinct effects (resulted from permanent and transitory innovations), with the weights being the perceived likelihoods of respective states. Also, past innovations may affect consumption when there is a revision on the perceived likelihoods of previous states. If there is no state uncertainty, our result reduces to that of an existing model. Our empirical study shows that, while the CD model can characterize the U.S. consumption data well, the estimation results do not agree with the predictions of the PIH


MEATH HOSPITAL AND Co. DUBLIN INFIRMARY. This hospital now contains i6o beds available for clinical teaching. A new building for the isolated treatment of Fevers has recently been added. The certificates of tllis hospital are recognised by all the universities and licensing bodies of the United Kingdom. Medical and Surgical Resident Pupils and Clinical Clerks and Dressers are appointed every six months, and a HouseSurgeon is elected annually. A. prospectus giving the complete arrangements for the Medical and Surgical Classes for the coming session may be obtained from the Secretary of the Medical Board, R. Glasgow Patteson, F.R.C.S., 20, Lower Baggot Street, Dublin.


In this study silver  nanoparticles by hydroxyl group (AgOH-NP) were synthesized and loaded on activated carbon prepared from Rosa canina tree (AgOH-NP-AC-RC). This new adsorbent was used for the removal of Malachite green and Methylene blue from aqueous medium.The morphological properties of the novel adsorbent were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR analysis. The removal both dyes in batch mode was investigated at various operating parameters like; contact time, initial pH, initial dye concentration and amount of adsorbents. The experimental equilibrium data were analyzed by using various models and it was seen that Freundlich isotherm model fitted well with adsorbtion capacity of 105 mg.g -1 for Malachite green and 81.43 mg.g -1 for Methylene blue. The adsorption kinetic data followed pseudo second-order kinetics for removal both dyes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12053 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 75-92


We use the phenomenological continuum model for inorganic scintillators proposed by the author to give decay time estimates for four scintillators previously studied, namely NaI:Tl, CaF2, Gd2SiO5Ce (GSO:Ce), and LaCl3:Ce. We show that, in order to obtain a good estimate of the decay time, we need to know (besides other well-known parameters) either the excitation carriers' mobility or the structure and the parameters of the recombination mechanism. For these four materials, we know the data for the recombination term, whereas we have very scarce information about mobilities. However, we show that also in absence of experimentally-measured mobilities, with reasonable assumptions about them, we can obtain a good estimate for the slow component of the decay time. We show also when it is appropriate to model scintillation with one of the two most-used phenomenological models, the kinetic and the diffusive. The main point of the present approach is that it requires a limited set of experimentally-measured data and can be hopefully used in conjunction with more sophisticated and detailed models to design faster inorganic scintillators.


The English term "precision farming" has meanwhile firmly established itself in the German language. German translations such as "Prazise Landwirtschaft" (precision agriculture), "Praziser Ackerbau" (precision crop farming), "Prazisionslandwirtschaft" (precision agriculture) or "Rechnergestutzte Landbewirtschaftung" (computer-aided farming) may be employed as synonyms, but they are not widely used. Given this terminological variety, it is not surprising that to date no widely accepted definition of the content of these terms is available.


The clinical records and tissue specimens of 20 patients referred to Anderson Hospital for treatment of osteosarcoma of the jaws were reviewed. Nine of the tumors arose in the maxilla and eleven in the mandible. Two were parosteal osteogenic sarcomas, one arising in the maxilla and one in the mandible; two osteosarcomas of the maxilla arose in areas previously irradiated for other conditions. No previous histories of trauma, benign tumors of the jaws, or Paget's disease of bone were noted. The most common presenting symptom in the series was a tumor or swelling of the affected area. The average age of onset of osteosarcoma of the jaw is one or two decades later than the age of onset of osteosarcomas of other locations. Roentgenographic examination is helpful, especially when an osteoblastic lesion is found in the bone. Only one case with widening of the periodontal membrane space was recorded. A histologic examination is imperative for a definitive diagnosis. Surgical resection is the recommended treatment for osteosarcoma of the jaws. Parosteal osteogenic sarcoma of the jaws has a better prognosis than osteosarcoma, since there is less tendency to metastasize. Among osteosarcomas of the jaws, the mandibular sarcomas have the best prognosis.


In response to the recommendation of the Irish Commission on Patient Safety and Quality Assurance, the HSE is assisting in recruiting an independent network of Patient Safety Champions.


This
  paper
  surveys
  the
  legal
  implications
  of
  religious
  doctrines
  at
  they
  relate
  to
  the universal
  acceptance
  of
  reproductive
  rights.
  While
  the
  use
  of
  human
  rights
  to
  advance reproductive
  health
  has
  gained
  momentum
  over
  the
  last
  several
  decades,
  the
  variance
  in arranging
  religion
  and
  state
  relations
  and
  the
  significant
  impact
  religious
  institutions
  have over
  the
  substantive
  rights
  to
  reproductive
  freedom
  in
  many
  parts
  of
  the
  world necessitates
  a
  break
  from
  considering
  reproductive
  rights
  as
  a
  strictly
  secular
  issue.
  Using Israel,
  Poland
  and
  Indonesia
  as
  examples,
  this
  paper
  will
  explain
  how
  an
  understanding
  of the
  doctrines
  underlying
  major
  world
  religions
  is
  a
  crucial
  step
  towards
  recognizing
  how reproductive
  rights
  and
  freedoms
  can
  be
  advanced
  in
  a
  world
  where
  laws
  and
  policies
  are informed
  by
  both
  the
  sacred
  and
  the
  secular.


Measurements of pollen tetrad diameters of eight ericad species from Burns Bog, Delta, B.C., showed that although diameters range continuously from 22 to 53 μm, groups of species can be recognized. These groups are ecologically significant with (i) small tetrads indicating dry habitats, (ii) intermediate tetrads indicating intermediate to dry sites, and (iii) large tetrads characteristic of wet habitat species. Pollen productivity of six of the above species varies, with those in dry sites producing much more pollen than species of wet habitats. Tetrad diameter spectra obtained from bog sediments under various ericad associations are dominated by tetrads of a diameter characteristically produced by the species growing at the site. Therefore fossil ericad assemblages can be interpreted on the basis of tetrad diameters.


The results are reported of an extensive search with a computer for " long" arithmetic progressions of primes. Such progressions with minimum last term are now known for all lengths up to and including nineteen. A long-standing conjecture of Hardy and Littlewood [5]-the "prime k-tuples conjecture"-is that if al,..., ak do not form a complete residue system for any prime p, then there are infinitely many values of x such that x + a,,... ,x + ak are all prime. The conjecture is actually given in [5] in a much stronger form, viz., an asymptotic formula for the number of such values of x not exceeding a given bound. Two interesting implications of the prime k-tuples conjecture are that there are infinitely many twin primes, and that for all n > 0 there are infinitely many arithmetic progressions of n primes (denoted PAPs in the sequel). We are concerned herein with the second of these. Very little about our subject has been proved. Roughly speaking, the present state of knowledge is that n can be 3 2. More precisely, Chowla [1] showed that there are infinitely many PAPs of length 3, and, more recently, Grosswald [2] established the validity of the Hardy-Littlewood asymptotic formula in that case, and Heath-Brown [6] has shown that there are infinitely many arithmetic progressions consisting of three primes and an "almost prime" (a number with at most two prime factors). With the aid of computers, PAPs have been discovered that are substantially longer than those guaranteed to exist by these or other available theorems. Before our work, the longest known PAP had length 17 [13]. In [11] we announced a PAP of length 18 discovered by a search that was then still in progress, and undertook to report again on completion of the search. This paper contains the promised report and also the results of other, shorter computations that fill in some gaps left in earlier work. The highlight is a PAP of length 19. Note that we do not consider PAPs with so-called "negative primes", unlike, e.g., [8]. The new results reported herein were discovered by programs whose design is presented in detail in [10]. Our major computation was a search for all PAPs, of Received May 9, 1984; revised October 22, 1984. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 10-04; Secondary 10L20. ?1985 American Mathematical Society 0025-5718/85 $1.00 + $.25 per page


A medium sized, polished black species, closely resembling picipes Aubé in general facies. Under side polished metallic black; legs dark, especially the middle and hind pairs.


Objective To investigate the reasons for recurrence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage(GIH) after endovascular interventional treatment and its preventions.Methods Seventy-two GIH patients chosed interventional treatments,based on digital subtraction angiography(DSA).Thirty-nine had embolization(E group),33 had simple hemostatic drug infusion therapy(HDIT group).Follow-up lasted 1 month.Interventional treatment was repeated in patients with recurrence of GIH.Results After interventional therapy,bleeding stopped in 39 of E group,2(5.2%)had recurrence,and in 25 of HDIT group,11 had recurrence(44.0%).The difference was significant(P=0.001).Conclusion The causes of GIH recurrence included deterioration of primary diseases,positive rate of DSA and its operational techniques.Understanding the reasons for GIH after interventional therapy is of importance in preventing GIH recurrence.


BACKGROUND: Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted parasitic worm commonly found in humid, tropical to subtropical areas, as well as poor sanitation area. These worms are cosmopolitan, especially in tropical and humid countries like Indonesia. This worm infection is more common in developing countries and more in children than adults due to poorer child self-hygiene. Worm disease is one of the common society diseases with 60% of children in Indonesia which are estimated to be affected. One species of T. trichiura worm that is often used in research on experimental animals is Trichuris muris. The administration of T. muris infective eggs can significantly increase the number of goblet cells in intestinal crypts of colon and cecum. Goblet cell hyperplasia will occur after exposure to high-dose T. muris (acute/200 infective eggs) in resistant mice. Various studies on the development of natural and traditional materials have been developing in the past few years to see the effects of betel nut on the number of goblet cells in the large intestine.
AIM: The aim of this research is to determine the effect of ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of betel nut on the change in the number of goblet cells in male mice given orally T. muris infective eggs.
METHODS: This study was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design in male mice (Mus musculus) which were given 200 infective eggs of T. muris. The study sample consisted of 70 mice divided into seven groups. Doses of the ethanol extract of betel nut are 100 mg/kg b.w. and 150 mg/kg b.w., and doses of ethyl acetate fraction are 100 mg/kg b.w. and 150 mg/kg b.w. The independent variable was ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of betel nut. The dependent variable is the number of goblet cells. Mean differences in groups were tested by Mann–Whitney.
RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference of p < 0.05 in the colonic crypts and cecum. In Group K (+), there was no increase in the number of goblet cells (54.2000 ± 30.54864) compared to Group K (−) (79.0750 ± 11.79221) in the colon. There was an increase in goblet cells in the 150 mg/kg b.w. of ethanol extract group (64.1000 ± 29.50381), the 150 mg/kg b.w. of ethyl acetate fraction group (56.2250 ± 22.11035), and the 1 mg/20 g of albendazole group (68.3750 ± 11.30956) in the colon. Likewise, there was an increase in the number of goblet cells in the cecum. It can be concluded that 150 mg/kg b.w. of the ethanol extract of betel nut can effectively increase the number of goblet cells in the colon and cecum.
CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of betel nut 150 mg / kg of weight can effectively increase the number of goblet cells in the colon and caecum.


The purpose of this study was to examine, in male adolescents, the effects of long-term endurance training on cardiac structure and function, by adopting a cross-sectional comparison with a nonathletic control group. A total of 13 endurance-trained (EX) and seven untrained (CON) male adolescents (mean ± SE, age = 15.3 ± 0.3 and 15.2 ± 0.28 yrs, respectively) underwent echocardiography at rest to determine left ventricular enddiastolic dimension (LVDd), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). On separate days, incremental exercise tests were conducted on a cycle ergometer to measure peak oxygen uptake (V · O2max) and anaerobic power. V O2max was greater in the endurance group (54.4 ± 1.8 mL min ‐1 kg ‐1 ) than in the control group (45.8 ± 1.6 mL min ‐1 kg ‐1 ; p < 0.05). Mean exercise time was longer in EX (12.9 ± 0.7 min) than CON (10.4 ± 0.8 min; p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups in resting heart rate, maximal heart rate, LVDd, LVD s, LVPW, SV, SV indexed, CO, and CO indexed, or in the anaerobic strength. These data provide evidence that endurance-trained adolescent males develop superior exercise performance before the cardiac remodeling that is evident in trained adult athletes.


Despite the low incidence of pilon fractures, their high impact nature presents difficulties in surgical management/recovery. Current literature is varied, with no universal treatment algorithm. We aim to highlight differences in treatment, outcomes, complications between open and closed pilon fractures.

 This retrospective study was conducted at a major trauma centre, including patients over 5-year period. 135 patients were included (open:48, closed:87). Primary outcome was AOFAS score at 3-, 6- and 12-months post-injury. Secondary outcomes include time to partial weight-bear (PWB) and full weight-bear (FWB), bone union time, follow-up time. Post-operative complications were collected.

 Open fractures had lower AOFAS score 3 months post-injury, longer bone union time, and time to FWB. For both open and closed fractures, compared to ORIF patients, those treated with fine wire fixator (FWF) had lower AOFAS scores 3- and 6-months post-injury. Closed fracture patients treated with ORIF had shorter bone union time, time to PWB and FWB. Patients with AO/OTA 43A fractures needed shorter time to PWB and FWB than those with 43C fractures. Common complications (closed:open) were superficial infection (22%:54%), post-traumatic arthritis (25%:16%), non-union (11%:24%).

 Open fractures, with more extensive soft tissue damage, were likely more suited for FWF, rather than ORIF (18% of open vs 72% of closed were treated with ORIF). Due to greater associated trauma, more frequent complications, and delayed definitive fixation, open fractures had lower AOFAS scores. Nevertheless, use of staged approach involving temporary external fixation, followed with ORIF or FWF achieved low complication rates and good functional recovery.


Patients on biologic therapy are thought to be at increased risk of developing non‐melanoma skin cancers and melanomas. It is unknown whether biologic therapy alters the natural history of melanocytic naevi. Therefore, a prospective observational study was conducted to determine whether psoriasis patients on biologic therapy develop changes in naevi.


We consider an energy harvesting two-hop network where a source is communicating to a destination through a relay. During a given communication session time, the source collects measurement updates from a physical phenomenon and sends them to the relay, which then forwards them to the destination. The objective is to send these updates to the destination as {\it timely} as possible; namely, such that the total {\it age of information} is minimized by the end of the communication session, subject to energy causality constraints at the source and the relay, and data causality constraints at the relay. Both the source and the relay use fixed, yet possibly different, transmission rates. Hence, each update packet incurs fixed non-zero transmission delays. We first solve the single-hop version of this problem, and then show that the two-hop problem is solved by treating the source and relay nodes as one combined node, with some parameter transformations, and solving a single-hop problem between that combined node and the destination.


Barth syndrome is a metabolic disease characterized by infantile cardiomyopathy, neutropenia and organic aciduria. We report disease evolution in one of the first affected boys to undergo successful cardiac transplantation.


It is an imaging technique where a series of cross-sectional images are merged to allow for a computer generated threedimensional reconstruction. The advantages of anterior segment tomography compared to corneal topography are similar to the advantages of CT scanning compared to standard X ray. Anterior segment tomography allows not only the visualization of the anterior corneal surface, but the posterior corneal surface, the anterior chamber, the corneal thickness, portions of the angle of the eye, and the lens. The computer generated three-dimensional reconstruction allows for a much expanded range of applications. Measurements such as anterior chamber depth, corneal thickness, and lens density are samples of measurements available with anterior segment tomography that were not available with older devices that just measured the anterior corneal surface.


The intermediary services are the important part of the socialism market economy system.At the same time,it is one of the important elements to realize "small government,big society".This paper has concept and connotation of the intermediary services.The author has analyzed the situation of the intermediary services and put forward some effective suggestions to promote the development.


The debinding process of injection molded Fe-8%Ni mixed powder compacts containing binder of different compositions of polymers to waxes was investigated, and the effect of the binder compositions and debinding conditions on the sinterability of the compacts were developed.It was shown that the distortion in debinding was minimum when the ratio of polymer to the total binder contents was 0.35. When debinding in air above 280°C, the binder removal(%) of compacts began to decrease with increasing temperature, and the compacts exhibited considerable shrinkages, while in N2 atmosphere, the binder removal(%) increased with temperature and the compacts exhibited some swelling. In the case of compacts debound in air, the sintered densities increased with increasing the debinding temperature up to 350°C then decreased rapidly at the higher temperature. On the other hand, debound in N2, the sintered densities were not so changed by the debinding temperature and showed remarkably lower values compared with the compacts debounnd in air, below the debinding temperature of 350°C.


No other known risk factor has such a high suicide prevention potential as a psychiatric disorder. However, to release this potential, psychiatric care needs to be made more available to suicidal individuals, and there is a necessity to establish a continuity of care between hospital and outpatient treatment for patients who have been admitted after a suicide attempt. In this chapter, important aspects of the psychiatric treatment of suicidal individuals are described. The importance of conducting systematic and repeated clinical risk assessments, providing treatments targeted at the patient's needs, and instigating safety measures according to the actual risk level, is reinforced. Treatment standards should be kept high through continuous staff education measures, clinical supervision, adherence to written procedures, and should be improved through suicide review procedures whenever there has been a severe suicidal incident within the context of the clinical unit.


The extreme resolution provided by laser interferometers can be exploited for improving the measurement of Earth's gravity field from space. Here we describe the concept of a Next Generation Gravity Mission based on this optical metrology and some of the ongoing developments on the key technologies, carried out in preparation of an operational mission.


Objective: To quantify the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of liver and serum in hep-atocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore the clinical values. Methods: Thirty-six HCC, matched paracancerous and distal cancerous tissues were collected. One hundred and eighty-one peripheral venous blood were collected in patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis (CH) and normal control (NC) respectively. Hepatic VEGF expression, cellular distribu-tions and their clinical pathological features were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The VEGF levels of liver and serum were quantitatively detected by ELISA method. Results: The positive expression showed palm-yellow or palm- brown granules and distributed in hepatocyte plasma of HCCs. The incidence of VEGF was 63.9% in HCC tissues, 78.3% in non-encapsulated HCCs, and 90.9% in HCCs with extrahepatic metastasis, respectively. No significant difference was found between hepatic VEGF and tumor size or differentiation degree (P 0.05). The specific concentration (ng/g liver) of HCC VEGF was significantly higher (P 0.01) than that of paracancerous or distal cancerous tissues. If the cut off values was more than 280 ng/L, the inci-dence of serum VEGF was 88.4% in HCC, 14.3% in CH, 10% in LC, and 0% in NC, respectively. Combined VEGF and AFP for HCC could increase up to 94.2%. Conclusion: VEGF is a useful marker for vascular invasion and metastasis of liver tumors.


Background: Scientific literature advocates the need for combination therapies in combatting lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Cefixime (400 mg) and moxifloxacin (400 mg) fixed dose combination (FDC) is currently approved in India for the management of LRTI, but data related to its real world usage is lacking. The present study was designed to understand the real world use (effectiveness and safety) of this FDC in LRTI. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at out-patient departments of 5 hospitals between August 2018 and January 2019. After ethics committee approval, data of adults LRTI patients who received FDC of cefixime (400 mg) and moxifloxacin (400 mg) for at least 72 hours was collected. Improvement in LRTI symptoms (cough, sputum volume and purulence, fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue) were scored at baseline and follow-up using a 5-point severity scale. White blood cell (WBC) counts at baseline and end-of-treatment were compared. Results: Data of 190 patients having mean age 42.33+16.15 years was evaluated. Majority were males (61.58%), with commonest LRTI infection being community acquired pneumonia (CAP) (84.21%). Commonest clinical symptom reported (97.37%) was cough. All patients showed improvement in symptoms and significant improvement in all mean symptom scores were noted (p<0.05). Of the 30 patients having WBC above normal range, 29 showed a decrease in count at end of treatment. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Oral FDC of cefixime (400 mg) and moxifloxacin (400 mg) was efficacious in improving all symptoms reported by LRTI patients without causing any adverse event.


High signal-to-noise observations of the QSO PKS 0405-123 (zem = 0.572) with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph from 1134 to 1796 Å with a resolution of ∼17 km s−1 are used to study the multi-phase partial Lyman limit system (LLS) at z = 0.16716, which has previously been studied using relatively low signal-to-noise spectra from STIS and FUSE. The LLS and an associated H i-free broad O vi absorber likely originate in the circumgalactic gas associated with a pair of galaxies at z = 0.1688 and 0.1670 with impact parameters of 116 h−170 and 99 h−170. The broad and symmetric O vi absorption is detected in the z = 0.16716 rest frame with v = −278 ± 3 km s−1, log N(O vi) = 13.90 ± 0.03, and b = 52 ± 2 km s−1. This absorber is not detected in H i or other species with the possible exception of N v. The broad, symmetric O vi profile and the absence of corresponding H i absorption indicate that the circumgalactic gas in which the collisionally ionized O vi arises is hot (log T ∼ 5.8–6.2). The absorber may represent a rare but important new class of low-z intergalactic medium absorbers. The LLS has strong asymmetrical O vi absorption with log N(O vi) = 14.72 ± 0.02 spanning a velocity range from −200 to +100 km s−1. The high and low ions in the LLS have properties resembling those found for Galactic highly ionized high-velocity clouds where the O vi is likely produced in the conductive and turbulent interfaces between cool and hot gas.


Magnetodielectric materials provide a new dimension for developing miniaturized substrates for microwave applications. Miniaturization in microwave planar devices depends on both the real part of complex permittivity (ε r ) and complex permeability (μ r ) of the substrate. Major shortfalls of using high ε r substrates are lowering of radiation efficiency, pattern degradation (due to excitation of surface waves) and lowering of impedance bandwidth. Miniaturization can also be achieved by modifying the other parameter μ r . Bulk ferrites, generally, have high saturation magnetization and dispersive magnetic losses and needs strong external dc-bias fields to alter its permeability property, making it unsuitable for compact applications. Nano sized ferrites are reported to have low saturation magnetizations and low eddy current losses. Composites made using nano ferrite inclusions in polymers can result in natural magnetodielectric materials with low magnetic losses. The current study aims to develop low loss flexible nano-magnetodielectric composite based substrates for use in microwave planar devices in X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz). embedded in SiO 2 matrix is synthesized using a modified sol-gel method starting from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and metal (Fe III , Co II , Ni II ) nitrates and ethylene glycol. Two synthesis routes are chosen (one with H 2 O being added externally and one without) and the obtained powders are annealed at different temperatures (500-1000 0 C) and characterized using XRD. The powders are mixed in 1:1 ratio with silicone for obtaining a flexible structure. Microwave characterizations of the flexible substrates are then carried out to determine the losses in the X-band regime.


In this paper, we describe the process of students' self-assessment of their creativity and its development in the context of posing mathematical problems, presuming that such a process would support the development of their creativity. Examination of two case studies reveals that self-assessment of creativity may support its development provided that one possesses specific personal recourses; however, this process might suppress the creativity of those lacking the needed resources. Therefore, we suggest that self-assessment of creativity cannot stand on its own, and should be supplemented by teachers' feedback or other environmental 'scaffolding'.


Height‐ velocity (H‐ V) diagrams represent combinations of rotorcraft heights and speeds from which safe landings cannot be made in case of an engine failure. Boundary points of H‐ V diagrams for a tiltrotor aircraft are determined systematically using optimal control theories. A two-dimensional rigid-body model representative of the XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft is developed. The tabular aerodynamic data are interpolated with smooth functions to facilitate use in numerical optimizations. An optimal control problem is formulated that minimizes a linear combination of the height and speed at an engine failure, such that subsequent control actions can still land the tiltrotoraircraftwithacceptabletouchdownspeedsandpitchattitudes.Path constraintsareimposed onthecontrol variables, their rates, and on state variables to ree ect realistic e ight limitations. This optimal control problem is converted into a parameter optimization via a collocation approach, and is numerically solved with the software NPSOL. Height‐ velocity diagrams are calculated by solving this optimal control problem repeatedly. The cases one-engine inoperative and all-engines failed are both considered. Effects of the gross weight variations on H‐ V diagrams are studied. Optimal landing e ights for engine failures occurring on the boundaries of H‐ V diagrams are discussed. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to examine effects of various modeling errors on optimization results.


QoS-based Web Service Selection is a process that selecting the optimal Web Service by evaluatinig QoS properties of the candidate Web services which have the same function,as one of the key techniques in Web service field is under great development.A great variety of exsiting solutions for service selection were examined and sorted.Pros and cons of each kind were pointed out,a discussion of emphases and possible directions in future research on this subject is delivered.


This paper is an attempt to study the effects of spraying rare earth element and micronutrient fertilizers on nitrate contents and quality in Chinese cabbage vegetables with a plot test in two vegetable soils.The results show that spraying molybdenum fertilizer and manganese fertilizer can decrease nitrate contents in Chinese cabbage significantly.Molybdenum fertilizer and manganese fertilizer also increase nitrate reductase activity.


Summary Multiplication of Machupo virus, the etiological agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, was studied in a variety of cell cultures. One line of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) supported the multiplication of the virus to high titer, but developed no cytopathic effect. Machupo virus produced well-defined plaques in monolayer cultures of Vero cells under agar overlay. The plaques produced in Vero cells were better defined and clearer than those produced in continuous newborn rabbit kidney (MA-111) cells, and the pfu titers obtained in Vero cells were higher than those obtained in MA-111 cells. A linear relationship was observed between plaque counts and virus concentration. Maximum adsorption was obtained by 120-min incubation at 37 °. When the cultures were infected with 0.003 pfu per cell, the maximum virus titer was obtained on day 5 after inoculation. Neutralization tests employing 80% plaque reduction were readily performed and indicated the absence of antibody for Machupo virus in the Junin and Tacaribe antisera that were tested. Neutralizing antibody response with human sera indicated the same.


In this study, adoption of Social Media for learning and teaching purposes (SL/T) has been analyzed based on a conceptual research model. Factors included in this study have been categorized under two empirical factors, namely, socio-demographic and utilitarian. A survey approach has been adopted for this purpose and the least square regression techniques is used to investigate the relationships among the variables included in the research model. The test results indicate that, except perceived awareness (PAW), all the remaining factors have significant effect on the actual usage of SL/T.


A laboratory tank test was devised to evaluate susceptibility of 1-year-old stems of 111 Malus cultivars and hybrids to damage from pine voles (Microtus pinetorum Le Conte). This method allowed several clones to be tested at one time; provided the animals with a semi-natural environment in the laboratory; exposed each animal to all stems in the test; and required only small quantities of wood per clone. Cultivars displaying a high degree of resistance to pine vole gnawing included: Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. H15; M. sieboldii (Reg.) Rehd. zumi calocarpa; M. × sublobata (Zab.) Rehd. PI 286613; NY 11928 (M. pumila niedzwetzkiana (Dieck) Schneid. × M. × atrosanguinea (Spaeth) Schneid.); M. × robusta (Carr.) Rehd. No. 5 (R5); and M. yunnanensis (Franch.) Schneid. 'Vilmorin'. Families from R5 and PI 286613 crossed with M. pumila Mill, cultivars exhibited varying degrees of vole resistance.


Abstract N-Heterocyclic carbene catalyzed desymmetrization of cyclohexadienones to construct tricyclic carbocycles via an intramolecular enantioselective Stetter reaction was realized. With 10 mol% of d-camphor-derived triazolium salt E and 10 mol% of KOAc, various substituted tricyclic carbocycles bearing a quaternary carbon stereogenic center and two contiguous stereocenters were obtained in excellent yields with up to 89% ee.


Annotation. Culture signs of fungal colonies showed that one of them develops on the Sabouraud and Czapek agars, the second on the Sabouraud and MacConkey agars and the third on the MacConkey and Czapek agars. In this case, two selected isolates did not grow on the Czapek agar. Despite the fact that calculations of the isolated fungal amount coincide as on the Czapek agar as well on all three agars (200 colony forming units per 1 g of the sample). If we use only Czapek agar, we can't identify all spectrum of micromycetes and establish a genus of the fungi, and we can't to evaluate the safety of bee pollen's mycotoxicity.


The utility model discloses a machine integrating air-condition and ventilation for animals and poultry houses, inside of which is provided with a septal heat exchanger element within which an independent fresh air channel and a cloudy air channel are mounted. One port of the fresh air channel is connected with a fresh air inlet, while the other port is connected with the fresh air outlet. The fresh air channel is mounted among the fresh air inlet, the fresh air channel and the fresh air outlet of the septal heat exchanger element. One port of the cloudy air channel is connected with the cloudy air inlet, while the other port is connected with the cloudy air outlet. The cloudy air channel is mounted among the cloudy air inlet, the cloudy air channel and the cloudy air outlet of the septal heat exchanger element. The air-condition and ventilation integrated machine for animals and poultry houses can save energy, reduce operating cost, uniformly heat the animals and poultry house and promptly discharge the dirty air throughout animals and poultry houses. The utility model also provides a heating system including the integrated machine for animals and poultry houses.


The fluorination on the γ-alumina surface was studied by multinuclear MAS NMR and BET measurements. The fluorine species on the fluorinated γ-alumina can be identified by 19F MAS NMR combined with 1H MAS NMR and 27Al MAS and CP/MAS NMR. As proven by 1H MAS NMR, fluorination of the alumina preferentially replaced the basic hydroxyl groups. Quantitative analysis showed that, at lower fluoride loadings, one alumina hydroxyl is substituted by one fluoride without breaking the bridging Al−O−Al bonds. At high fluoride content, more of the acidic hydroxyl groups are displaced by fluorine, and the number of added fluorine atoms exceeds the number of lost hydroxyl groups. Bridging Al−O−Al bonds are broken at high fluoride loading, and isolated AlxFy·nH2O fractions appear as observed by 19F MAS and 27Al MAS NMR. Three types of fluorine species were detected in the 19F MAS NMR spectra of the fluorinated γ-alumina, which could be assigned to the fluorine species bound to one, two, and three octahedral aluminum atoms.


Recently the ferritin-conjugated antibody method has been applied in a increasing number to intercellular localization of various antigenetic materials. In this report, the ferritin-conjugated antibody method, using the antibody to thyroglobulin, was utilized in at attempt to investigate the site of production and resorption of thyroglobulin in the organelles of thyroid cells. When bovine thyroid cells after being fixed in glutaraldehyde was incubated in ferritin-conjugated antibody solution, most of ferritin labels were shown to be distributed in the intercellular spaces and only a few inside of the cells. This may indicate that in these intercellular spaces alone is there a substance identical to thyroglobulin in its antigenicity or the cell membrane is not permeable to this conjugate and prevent it from intercellular penetration. In considering the latter event, we treated fixed thyroid specimens, before their incubation in the conjugate, either with surface-active agents such as triton X-100, deoxycholate, butanol or with sonic vibrations or freezing. The results after these treatment are summarized in the following table.