Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) has a very costly and detrimental influence on the service life of steam generator tubes in nuclear power plants. Much research has been done to discover the mechanisms at work in IGSCC and develop effective measures to inhibit crack growth. Recently efforts have turned from controlling the service atmosphere and allow chemistry toward discovering microstructures that are more crack resistant and prescribing appropriate thermomechanical treatments. Palumbo and Aust and Crawford and Was have shown that grain boundaries that are characterized by low-angle misorientations or low coincident site lattice (CSL) relationships are more resistant to damage during exposure to environments promoting IGSCC. These researchers used the selected area channeling method in a secondary electron monitor (SEM) to measure the local lattice orientations on either side of damaged grain boundaries. More recently, the electron backscatter method, which requires less lattice interaction volume, has been combined with an automated SEM to collect large sets of lattice orientations at prescribed locations on a sample. This automated measurement technique, called orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), has been applied in this study to the correlation of IGSCC with the crystallographic misorientation of boundaries in Inconel X-750.


Between 2002 and 2004, there were no deaths from aviation incidents involving large commercial jet aircraft registered in Europe, Australasia and North America. In 2004, there were five fatal air accidents involving big jets registered in Africa and Asia, in which about 450 people died. Therefore, from a passenger view, 2004 was the safest year in aviation for 60 years. Despite the tragic accident to a Cypriot aircraft in August 2005, the aviation industry has achieved a remarkable safety record. But, is there any value in health care looking at the safety record of aviation and other high-tech safetycritical industries? Certainly, there are parallels; whether concerned with passengers or with patients, safety is critical in maintaining confidence and trust in a system. The public expect air travel to be completely safe; do they hold similar expectations of health care? Health care is, of course, much more complex, and the risks associated with managing sick people are infinitely more difficult and varied than those involved in transporting passengers in a well-controlled environment that has clear safety systems and processes. The reality is that some patients may not have successful outcomes. On the best available data in England, extrapolating from a small study in London, it is estimated that around 10% of patients (900,000 using admission rates for 2002/3) admitted to public hospitals experienced a patient safety incident, up to half of which could have been prevented. This study also estimated that 72,000 of these incidents may contribute to the death of patients, although it is unclear what proportion of this number would die as a direct result of the incident. In the USA, studies have estimated that between 44,000 and 98,000 incidents contribute to patient deaths. This is viewed by many commentators as underestimating the extent of the problem. Studies in Australia, New Zealand and Denmark have suggested similar findings. The effects of harming a patient are widespread. There can be devastating emotional and physical consequences for patients and their families. For staff too, incidents can be distressing and cause demoralization and disaffection. Adverse incidents also incur costs through litigation and extra treatment. At present, in the UK, this is approximately £3.4 billion each year through additional hospital stays, settlement of clinical negligence claims and avoidable hospital-acquired infection. Experience of the aviation sector has shown that airline staff were encouraged to report all safety incidents, whether actual or near misses, so that lessons could be learned. As reporting levels rose, the number of serious incidents began to decline, suggesting that an open and fair culture enabled staff to learn from errors and failures. Is a similar culture possible in health care? Do frontline practices follow procedure? Are they audited? Are management structures and systems appropriate to the delivery of safe health care? Is training appropriate? Is the organizational culture attuned to identifying, acknowledging, reporting and learning from errors? Professional and organizational cultures are key components of safety and exist within, and mainly as a result of, the structures, systems and processes within an organization. Scientific definitions present 'culture' as having two aspects: what an organization is – its beliefs, attitudes and values – and what an organization does – its structures, policies, practices and controls. Most organizations seek to change the former through various motivational measures: fear appeals, sticks and carrots (mostly sanctions), making an example, naming, shaming, blaming and retraining. Some experts argue that changing the collective values of adults in an intended direction is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Values, beliefs and attitudes can be changed, but not necessarily through direct assault. It is often better to approach an issue obliquely by setting out to change an organization's practices. Introducing practices and structures that are seen to work effectively have a way of bringing people's values into line with these. To ensure safety for patients, we need competent individuals who are able to work collectively, supported by systems that are designed to reduce the likelihood and minimize the effect of errors. Organizations must be structured to learn from adverse incidents, to be open and fair, and non-punitive in managing errors and those associated with errors. The overall level of incident reporting must be increased, high-risk incidents targeted and improvements made in the underlying systems to minimize the causes of these incidents. As in the aviation industry, it is envisaged that, as reporting levels rise, the knowledge within the system increases and the risk of future harm to patients is reduced. Competent individuals need to be selected against the criteria established for the job. These criteria should include the ability to work with other people and to have a profile that is attuned to safe practices. It is no longer adequate to select potential clinicians solely on the basis of academic attainment. Much of health care is delivered by relatively small teams, coming together for short-term tasks. Team composition often varies. Collective working can be secured by establishing validated task-related protocols supported by training in teamwork to a competencybased standard of performance.


THE residual soils of Western Oregon known locally as "red hill" soils comprise two major groups, those derived from basic igneous rocks, principally basalt and diabase, and those derived from sedimentary rocks consisting of sandstone and shale. The Olympic soil of this study represents the igneous group, while the Melbourne represents the sedimentary formations. The "red hill" soils as a group are acid and characteristically low in available phosphorus by chemical methods. Superphosphate used on some crops as indicated by field trials gives a good response and on others little or none. This study was planned to use several sources of phosphate fertilizer to determine which was more effective in supplying available phosphorus for plant .growth, both when used alone and when used with a nitrogen fertilizer to correct the known nitrogen deficiency in the soils.


This study aims to analyze the spaces of occurrence of school aggression from the standpoint of individuals who have experienced, witnessed or committed such acts. It also aims at understanding and reflecting on the dynamics of the relationships established in these contexts. It was conducted a survey with 2,793 students from 17 public schools in eight states. A questionnaire developed by a team of researchers from the University of Lisbon was applied. The results indicate a predominance of situations of aggression in the classroom, followed by the recess. There was also a predominance of individual aggression. The students spend most of their time in school at the classrooms, someway, it is expected that this would be the space where conflicts even violent acts occur. However, there is a constant presence of the teacher and a small number of students, which demonstrates that the acts are performed in the presence of the adult responsible for the group.


Ingo Hermann, Knigge: Die Biographie. Berlin: Propylaen, 2007. 370 pp. The contemporaries Adolph Freiherrr Knigge (b. 1752) and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (b. 1749) provide an interesting contrast. Goethe, for instance, made a career at court that the baron Knigge could only dream of. Though a burgher, Goethe had what it took to insinuate himself into general favor, while Knigge apparently alienated almost everyone during his years at the courts of Kassel and Hanau, m 1776, the year that Carl August awarded Knigge the title of" Kammerherr" in Weimar, without any remuneration, Goethe was named "Geheimer Legationsrat" with a yearly salary of 1,200 talers. The journey to Weimar seemed to bring Goethe's writing career to a temporary halt, while Knigge, whose family estates were entailed because of the vast debts of his father, became a writer in order to earn a living. It was only in the area of freemasonry that Goethe's and Knigge 's lives touched, but here, too, alienation reigned, as Knigge was forced out of the Illuminati by Johann Joachim Bode (another burgher who succeeded in courtly circles), whom Knigge had actually recruited to the order. Following the Goethe-Knigge comparison a bit further, one comes across similarities that suggest the way that circumstances led both Goethe and Knigge to discover their vocation. There is the youthful Rousseau enthusiasm, which in Knigge 's case can be seen in his pedagogical endeavors (much like Goethe's father, he supervised his own child's education) and his translation of The Confessions into German. Theater and music played important roles in the lives of both, with Knigge also writing plays as well as reviews of plays and, like Goethe, serving as a theater director. Knigge was himself a composer, and Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro first appeared on the German stage (in 1789 in Hannover) in a translation by Knigge and his daughter. And then there is the mutual attraction to secret societies and to youthful alchemical experimentation. In no other areas does the eighteenth century seem stranger than when one reads of the organizational labors that consumed Knigge on behalf of the "Strikte Observanz" and the Illuminati or of the struggles for leadership among powdered heads. Ultimately, freemasonry perhaps appealed to men who wished to be "wirksam" in the world, and it was in these orders that Knigge may have perceived an opportunity to influence eighteenth-century discourse. While Goethe used his office in Weimar to undertake reforms for the common weal, the outsider Knigge set down in numerous tracts and baroquelike novels satirical and scathing portraits of the social order, particularly of feudal privilege and other obscurantism. One was tamed by his office, the other grew more passionate, though always in the service of reason. Only six years before his death in 1796 did Knigge ob tarn an "office," as Hannoverian Oberhauptman in Bremen. Knigge 's base was among champions of the Enlightenment in its late phase in Germany: e.g., Friedrich Nicolai (for whose Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek he wrote more than 1,200 reviews) and the Reimarus family in Hamburg. It is not surprising that Knigge was a supporter of the French Revolution and continued to defend it, even after other supporters (including Klopstock, with whom Knigge celebrated the Revolution's first anniversary in Hamburg) had abandoned their early enthusiasm. (The baron even dropped the "von" from his name in 1790.) It was to be expected that Knigge attracted many enemies among the counterEnlightenment, especially after the Reign of Terror. The doctor Johann Georg Zimmermann, an acquaintance of the young Goethe (and a burgher who made it to "Ritter" status), called him "Volksaufwiegler Knigge" and continued: "Alle deutschen Demokratennester sind der Wiederhall Kniggischer Grundsatze, und Knigge ist der Wiederhall des amerikanischen Schwarmers Paine und der ganzen deutschen Aufklarer-Propaganda. …


A multi-fibre approach has been adopted in conventional geotextiles to engineeraneco-sustainable product(s) possessing the improved geotechnical properties for enhancement of performance of earthen structure through soft revetments. Hybrid geotextiles comprising of juteand synthetic (polyolefin) were used together to minimize the disadvantages of each of the components by incorporation of their complementary advantageous properties. Hybrid geotextile was developed and compared with conventional 100% synthetic geotextiles. The geotextile contains at least 60% natural component having tensile strength10 kN/m and apparent opening size (AOS) of 180–200 micron. The above geotextile initially acts as a filtration layer and thereby assist in the formation of hard filter cake at the inner face of the geotextiles and after 6 months of degradation of jute, open structure synthetic part acts as durable reinforcing element for the entire soil structure and higher porosity of the cloth assists faster and better vegetation. Placing of seamless geotextile tube made of polypropylene tape filled with moist river sand as anchor trench-cum-toe guard with graded aggregates and back-filled of soil and sand, adds further reinforcement to the earthen structure. A cushion of soil to encourage vegetative growth, through turfing/grass sodding gave additional revetment of top soil geotextile and bottom soil by deep insertion and interweaving of grass roots. The woven fabric with apparent opening size (O95) of 180–200 micron successfully resisted the soil erosion thus helps in better confinement of the bund. Blended geotextile seliminates clogging off, and reduces the phase difference, thus are less slippery nature and provides better point to point contact for top soil and back soil. The developed geotextiles were tested through a large field trial for reconstruction of a part of the bank of river Mayurakshi at Birbhum, W B, India. The performance of the geotextiles is being monitored for last 10 years.


We consider two competing first passage percolation processes started from uniformly chosen subsets of a random regular graph on N vertices. The processes are allowed to spread with different rates, start from vertex subsets of different sizes or at different times. We obtain tight results regarding the sizes of the vertex sets occupied by each process, showing that in the generic situation one process will occupy Θ(1)Nα vertices, for some 0


Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are strongly related to the progression of various types of cancer. The lncRNA MIR4435-2 host gene (MIR4435-2HG) has been recently recognized as a tumor-related lncRNA that is upregulated in several tumors. However, its possible functions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In tShe present study, we observed that MIR4435-2HG expression was markedly upregulated in HNSCC tissues based on a Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis dataset. This result was further confirmed in HNSCC tissues and cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the high expression level of MIR4435-2HG was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival in all HNSCC cases and was associated with advanced tumor-metastasis-node stage and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MIR4435-2HG knockdown suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor growth as determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell assays and western blotting. Furthermore, MIR4435-2HG affected HNSCC cell proliferation and migration and EMT by modulating the microRNA miR-383-5p to positively regulate the protein expression level of RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3). In conclusion, we provide a detailed analysis of the roles of MIR4435-2HG in HNSCC and identified the MIR4435-2HG/miR-383-5p/RBM3 axis as a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC treatment.


We propose a protocol to direct implement the two-qubit controlled phase gate with cross-Kerr nonlinearity by using the interference of polarized photons. The protocol is based on optical elements, single polarization photons, cross-Kerr nonlinearity and the conventional photon detectors, which are feasible with existing experimental technology. Compared with Zou's protocol (Phys. Rev. 2007 A 75 034302), this protocol is to replace the entangled state resources used by Zou with much simpler single-photon resources and has a higher success probability. All these advantages make this protocol more efficient and more convenient than others in the applications in quantum communication.


We review mechanical and fracture properties of gels and elastomers containing polyrotaxane, necklace-like supramolecular assembly in which axial polymer chain is threaded through ring molecules. By cross-linking ring molecules of different polyrotaxanes in solution, polymer chains are cross-linked by figure-of-eight cross-links and the obtained polymer networks are called slide-ring (SR) gels. The unique feature of SR gels is that the cross-linking points consisting of two rings can slide on polymer chains and chain length between cross-links changes with macroscopic deformation. From our crack propagation tests on SR gels with different structural parameters (cross-linking density, axial chain length, and ring coverage on polymer), we have found that the sliding of the movable cross-links enhances their mechanical toughness without any reduction of stiffness (Young's modulus). The slide-ring concept also can be applied to polymer gels and elastomers cross-linked by small amount of polyrotaxane cross-linkers.


This paper is intended to clarify a paradox: while the 1920's and 30's produced a welter of works on business cycle theories, and while it is acknowledged that the Stockholm School played a notable and original role in the theoretical context of this period, it seems to be diYcult to attribute a speciWc cycle theory to that School. We can show that such an identiWcation is possible, however, in the light of the works by the most systematic author in the School's framework, Lundberg. Such an identiWcation focuses on a particular reconciliation of the theories of Keynes and Hayek. The intimate link between the constitution of a sequence method and a cycle theory nevertheless explains the ambiguities and the incomplete character of Lundberg's eVort.


We show that an ample class of physically meaningful partial differential systems of first order such as the Dirac equation with different one-component potentials, static Maxwell's system and the system describing the force-free magnetic fields are equivalent to a single quaternionic equation which in its turn reduces in general to a Schrodinger equation with quaternionic potential, and in some situations this last can be diagonalized. The rich variety of methods developed for different problems corresponding to the Schrodinger equation can be applied to the systems considered in the present work.


Lida Gustava Heymann and Anita Augspurg - activists of the first-wave radical German feminist movement - recently became the patrons of contemporary nonheterosexual women in their struggle for women's rights. This choice of patrons is not accidental: for more than 40 years, Anita and Lida Gustava constituted a community of interests, activism, and emotions. But what does this couple, which lived a century ago and never came out of the closet, have in common with the contemporary feminist and lesbian movement? Was this choice unquestionably right? It certainly forces us to ask whether the contemporary feminist-lesbian movement is a new quality or whether it continues attitudes and postulates from a hundred years ago. Augspurg's and Heyman's example (the way their memory is present in the contemporary lesbian movement) is significant. The two figures, their commitment, their influence on the women's and pacifist movement, as well as their attitude towards homosexuality constitute the main themes of this introductory paper.


We introduce an innovative concept that will serve to illustrate the different phases that populations affected by disasters are likely to face, namely the Drop Loop Model (DLM). Disasters affect large populations, and in turn, leave humanitarian actors with the challenging task of assessing who ought to be assisted and who ought not. Current theoretical concepts support humanitarian actors in their effort to mitigate, prevent and respond to disasters. Yet, these concepts are problematic as they fall short of illustrating the pattern of disasters. Articulating patterns of disasters is believed to: a) improve the understanding of the situation in which a population is; and b) to anticipate the next phase, which is an essential feature of the decision-making process when humanitarian actors discuss the fair allocation of limited relief goods. Anticipating the next phase is considered strengthening the justification to allocate limited humanitarian resources, be they human, financial or material resources. First, the DLM aims at supporting humanitarian actors in the analysis of the current context and allows them to articulate the challenges faced by populations affected by disasters whilst anticipating the next phase. Second, it prompts the humanitarian actors in their decision-making process insofar as it is believed to sustain the debate regarding the fair allocation of limited resources. This is required insofar as humanitarian resources are limited and ought to be distributed fairly to avoid unnecessarily widening the gap of inequalities and inequities populations face as well as preventing deterioration of the population's health and security.


Now-a-days gold is purchased by the people in many forms of Gold coins/Bars, GETF(Gold Exchange Traded Funds),Commodity market (i.e. trading in NCDEX & MCX in India) etc., And people felt about gold investment as a prestigious issue in the past and now people are considering gold is also one of the investment avenue for short term and long term. There are many reasons for the people and institutions around the world are investing in gold once again. Hence this study attempts to study on the investment behaviour of investors towards gold.


This papers objective is to identify and analyze the administrative dimensions of programs designed to reduce poverty in developing countries. It focuses on human (resource) development activities primarily in health nutrition family planning and elementary and nonformal education but the findings apply to a considerably broader range of programs oriented to the poor in both urban and rural areas. The paper complements 2 preceding papers dealing with the political and financial aspects of human development programs and has links to the 2 following papers addressing broader cultural and familial contexts. 1 section addresses the deployment of administrative resources for reducing poverty. It examines the nature of special publics listing the 6 major available administrative resources and considers diagnosis and design as well as aspects of the political dimension. Another section analyzes the improvement of administrative performance by considering the roles of information systems staff incentives administrative reform and special publics. A 4th section outlines research needs by assessing prospects for alternative administrative modes incentives organization theory the role of organized special publics behavioral implications and stages of program development. The final section by way of conclusion focuses on 9 major policy choices relating to structural issues operational issues and the time dimension. The most important policy conclusion reached was the need for enlarging the working definition of administrative resources. Conventional bureaucratic approaches to public administration will not in themselves introduce the necessary improvements in project performance. The calculated use and improvement of bureaucratic and modified bureaucratic resources and their linkage to the private sector voluntary groups and local authorities are found in most poverty programs that require public response. There are 2 conditions associated with human development and other programs for reducing poverty that ought to be considered before administrative reforms are attempted: systemwide reform should be strongly oriented to performance on the ground; and operating efficiency is a useful not a sufficient goal.


This study investigated the biometric data in Sciades herzbergii captured in two different areas of the complex estuarine in Sao Marcos Bay: the first point is located in an Protected Area at Caranguejos Island (A1) and the second point is located in the port facilities at Sao Luis-MA (A2).The fish were collected with gill nets in two samples done  in April / October 2011 and in December 2012 in streams of study areas. One hundred and twenty (120) specimens of S. herzbergii were sampled and the following biometric data were recorded and the weight of gonads (WG) in grams. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. The data were statistically compared with each other through Student's t test for checking the differences between the mean values of the two sampling sites. The results of the statistical analysis of biometric data for males and females of S. herzbergii in both locations analyzed indicate that the total length and fish fished mean captured in A2 were significantly lower (p <0.05) than in A1. The total length for females varied from 23.5 to 29.5 cm for fish collected in A1 and 18.2 to 21.5 for specimens collected in A2. For males total length was 27.3 to 31.5 cm in A1 and 20.9 to 24.7 in A2. The gonadosomatic index showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the two fish groups. The GSI in fish from the A2 was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in control fish (A1) during all the phases of the gonadal cycle. Most studies have shown a decrease in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in contaminated fishes. These data indicate that the individuals caught in the port of Sao Luis, are possibly being affected by the action of environmental stressors caused by activities of various industries installed in this regi


Manganese(II) catecholate complexes efficiently catalyse the production of H2O2 from dioxygen in the range pH 7.5–8.6 using hydroxylamine or hydrazine as substrates; concentrations of hydrogen peroxide >0.2 mol dm–3 and turnover numbers [H2O2]/[MnII] > 104 can be obtained. The rate of production and yields are very sensitive to the electronic effect of the substituents on the catecholate ring with the best results being achieved using 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonate. Deuteriation studies (using ND2OD) indicated that the reduction of O2 occurs via an electron transfer from the substrate and a mechanism is proposed whereby both O2 and the substrate become bound to manganese and the electron transfer is mediated through the manganese catecholate complex.


Background. Current systems of describing personality pathology have significant shortcomings. A polydiagnostic approach is used to study the relationship between psychological, psychoanalytical and psychopathological models of personality. Methods. The subjects were 256 patients enrolled in treatment studies of major depression and bulimia nervosa. Subjects were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DMS-III-R personality disorders (SCID-II). Results. Subjects had high rates of DSM-III-R personality disorders with 52% having at least one personality disorder. Cluster A personality disorders were correlated with low reward dependence, high harm avoidance and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster B personality disorders were related to high novelty seeking and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Cluster C personality disorders were correlated with high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking and low self-directedness. Immature defences were related to DSM-III-R personality symptoms, but individual defences were not related to personality clusters in a predictable way. Immature defences were strongly related to low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Both TCI self-directedness scores and immature defence scores were moderately predictive of the presence and number of personality disorders. Conclusion. A widely accepted clinical nosology (DSM-III-R personality disorders) rated using a clinical interview correlates reasonably predictably with two theoretical models derived from different paradigms and rated using self-reports. This might be seen as providing concurrent validity for all three models. However, serious methodological shortcomings confront studies of this type, including sample selection and measurement of personality dysfunction. One way to begin to resolve these problems is to study which personality measures are best related to treatment response and prognosis.


Sulfatase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities of human placenta were studied with respect to four steroids of the pregn-4-ene C-21-yl-sulfate series. Homogenates, as well as the microsomal fraction of placenta obtained either at midterm or at term, possessed negligible sulfatase activity with respect to the sulfates of 11-dehydrocorticosterone and corticosterone, and low but consistent activity towards 11-deoxycorticosterone sulfate. Under the same conditions dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was hydrolyzed almost quantitatively.Placental homogenates converted cortisol to cortisone and corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone. The reaction was greatly enhanced by the addition of NADP. In contrast, the corresponding 11β-hydroxy-C-21 steroid sulfates were poor substrates with respect to placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, as indicated by the low yields of the sulfates of cortisone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone, even in the presence of NADP. These findings are consistent with the pattern of...


ABSTRACTBackground: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. There are more than 100 different HPV. Most are harmless, but some cause cancer. HPV 16 and 18 cause 70 % of cervical cancers. There are now two similar vaccine against HPV. Despite the high prevalence of HPV is known about this virus is limited in both the public and the medical staff.Aim: To compare whether there were any differences between nursing and medical students' knowledge of and attitudes towards HPV and the HPV vaccine, and from these groups compare whether there were differences between men and women.Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a classroom questionnaire which was distributed to nursing students (n=95) and medical students (n=65) during the second year of each program at Uppsala University.Result: The primary difference between nursing and medical students' knowledge about HPV and the HPV-vaccine was that nursing students had greater knowledge of what HPV could cause (p= 0.015) and if there was any vaccine against HPV - if so, which (p=0.004 ). There were more nursing students who "agreed" in that condom use decreases if one is vaccinated against HPV (p=0.010). The difference between men's and women's knowledge of HPV was found in that more women knew what HPV-vaccine was called (p=0.001). More women than men were afraid of side effects (p=0.016).Conclusion: The women had higher knowledge than the men, which is not surprising because the vaccine are mainly given to women. The women were also more afraid of the side effects of the vaccine. The nursing students had more knowledge about HPV and HPV-vaccine, but on the other hand, there were more women in this program. In order to provide adequate information about HPV and HPV-vaccine and motivate more people to get vaccinated there was a need for increased education of medical professionals.


With the development of computer, applied mathematics and reservoir engineering, numerical simulation was widely used to study the migration mode of reservoir fluid. Based on the seepage mechanism of foam in reservoir and the principle of mass conservation of foam component, in this paper, a three-dimensional three-phase five-component mathematical model of foam flooding was established. The physical and chemical phenomena of adsorptions viscosity change, resistance effect and displacement efficiency improvement of form fluid on the rock during its migration in reservoir were considered, and IMPES was used for differential solution. The advantages of this method are less memory occupation, less computing workload, easy to use and the numerical simulation software was written in Delphi 7. Numerical simulation and laboratory experiment were fitted based on the data obtained from the laboratory core flooding experiment of foam flooding. The results showed that the simulation data at each state were basically same as those from the experiment and the drops of water cut were identical. It indicated that the seepage characteristics of foam in reservoir can be simulated well by the mathematical model. And the sensitivity analysis on foam flooding was conducted by the numerical simulation method.


Prostacyclin (PGI2) when infused intravenously reduced the mortality of rabbits given high intravenous doses of arachidonic acid (AA). Prostaglandins E1 and D2 were ineffective. Indomethacin pretreatment abolished the toxic AA effect. Since the lethal effect of AA is partly due to the formation of platelet aggregates it is concluded that PGI2 is a most potent antiaggregatory prostaglandin in vivo.


From the geological point of view,the authors studied the effects of geological background of Xinyang,the original production area of Chinese famous traditional Xinyang Maojian tea,on chemical element combination in local soils,the soil types and the physiognomy.It also investigated the relationship between local geological background and tea quality.The results from the study show that the eco-geological environment of granite-originated soil,300~800 m heigh above sea level,luxuriant vegetation and a slope in natural tapography are suitable for the growing of high-quality Xinyang Maojian tea.


The strategies of "tourism richens people and prospers west" should be carried out comprehensively in most western district of favorable condition during the western development. Based on the analysis of the charactersitic of desert_tourism resources in China, the author of this paper discusses the significance of developing desert tourism in exploitation desert resources. And the author proposes three developmental tactics, which are "the combination of exploitation and harness","the combination of tourism industry and sand industry" and "protective development".


Vinyl-functionalized MSU-X silicates were prepared by one-pot synthesis methodology at the presence of Tx-15 and AEO(9) surfactants respectively. The solids were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Si-29 MASNMR, HRTEM, SEM, N-2 physisorption techniques. The surface morphology and textural properties of such materials varied with the synthesis mechanism and content of vinyl groups in the channel. The effects of the organic groups on the modified MSU-2 were investigated carefully. The vinyl-modified mesopore with 10% (x) VTES templated by AEO(9) was of 3.1 nm. pore diameter, but that templated by Tx-15 displayed a bimodal mesoporous channels, in which the smaller pore size was about 3 nm, while the bigger one was in the range of 40 similar to 46 nm.


In the light of clinical neuropsychological discoveries on "noun-verb" double dissociations,there are three hypotheses: "semantic-concept account","grammatical account" and "lexical account",on which many electro-neuropsychological researches have been conducted.This paper reviews and discusses the progresses and problems of these researches.


Through an analysis of internship of P.E.majo rs in normal universities and institutes in China,this paper reveals the main prob lems in the internship and proposes the solutions.


This paper is the results of an undergraduate final term project. The aim of project was to investigate the passive noise reduction methods in mufflers. Also, another aim of this study is to examine and design mufflers with various geometries. This is learning the effect of geometry on noise transmission loss maximization performance of mufflers. Four-pole method is used to determine the noise transmission loss. Two different cross-sectional geometries are considered for the mufflers, i.e. rectangular and circular. These mufflers are produced and tested. A noise transmission test bench is used for the measurement of noise transmission loss of these mufflers. The analytical results from simulation are compared with the experimental results. The effect of geometry of mufflers on the maximization of the transmitted noise loss are investigated and reported. The results of this study can help students to learn the basics of muffler design for noise reduction applications. Furthermore, it shows the effect of geometry on the acoustic performance of mufflers.


To guarantee the continuous supply of power and solve the problem of limited energy supply in field operations, the design implements a portable field wind-PV hybrid power storage & supply system. Through a comparative analysis on MPPT control techniques, it selects a control method applicable to the system. Based on service environment, user demands and an estimate of solar power storage & supply capacities, it designs three forms of series prototypes, i.e., vehicle-mounted, mobile and portable; it also provides optimization for structural design, and adopts a foldable solar panel structure to meet the requirements of portable and vehiclemounted design. As indicated by the results, the differences among the three forms of series prototypes in terms of power storage & supply capacities and structure can not only guarantee user's power consumption demand and make them easy to carry, but also enhance the diversity of user options, which further testifies to the correctness and effectiveness of system design and control strategy.


Female panicles (FPs) play an important role in the formation of yields in maize. From 40 days after sowing to the tasseling stage for summer maize, FPs are developing and sensitive to drought. However, it remains unclear how FPs respond to drought stress during FP development. In this study, FP differentiation was observed at 20 and 30 days after drought (DAD) and agronomic trait changes of maize ears were determined across three treatments, including well-watered (CK), light drought (LD), and moderate drought (MD) treatments at 20, 25, and 30 DAD. RNA-sequencing was then used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in FPs at 30 DAD. Spikelets and florets were suppressed in LD and MD treatments, suggesting that drought slows FP development and thus decreases yields. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 40, 876, and 887 DEGs were detected in LD/CK, MD/CK, and MD/LD comparisons. KEGG pathway analysis showed that 'biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites' and 'carbohydrate metabolism' were involved in the LD response, whereas 'starch and sucrose metabolism' and 'plant hormone signal transduction' played important roles in the MD response. In addition, a series of molecular cues related to development and growth were screened for their drought stress responses.


Abstract : The long term goals of this project are 1) to quantitatively predict the uncertainties in underwater sound propagation predictions that arise from uncertainty in environmental parameters 2) to determine how to exploit in-situ acoustic measurements and the generic propagation characteristics of underwater sound channels in order to enhance the performance of active and passive sonar systems in unknown or uncertain ocean environments, and 3) to predict and understand the characteristics of active and passive time reversal methods in shallow ocean waters. Compared to the first two, the third goal is a secondary priority that stems from the legacy of more than a decade of prior work on acoustic time reversal. It is mentioned here because the author of this report does respond to the continuing technical inquiries and collaboration opportunities in this area when potential US Navy interests are apparent and when such commitments do not adversely impact progress toward the first two goals.


Attractors of nonlinear neural systems are at the core of the memory self-refreshing mechanism of human memory models that suppose memories are dynamically maintained in a distributed network [Ans, B., and Rousset, S. (1997), 'Avoiding Catastrophic Forgetting by Coupling Two Reverberating Neural Networks' Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, Life Sciences, 320, 989–997; Ans, B., and Rousset, S. (2000), 'Neural Networks with a Self-Refreshing Memory: Knowledge Transfer in Sequential Learning Tasks Without Catastrophic Forgetting', Connection Science, 12, 1–19; Ans, B., Rousset, S., French, R.M., and Musca, S.C. (2002), 'Preventing Catastrophic Interference in Multiple-Sequence Learning Using Coupled Reverberating Elman Networks', in Proceedings of the 24th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, eds. W.D. Gray and C.D. Schunn, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 71–76; Ans, B., Rousset, S., French, R.M., and Musca, S.C. (2004), 'Self-Refreshing Memory in Artificial Neural Networks: Learning Temporal Sequences Without Catastrophic Forgetting', Connection Science, 16, 71–99; Ans, B. (2004), 'Sequential Learning in Distributed Neural Networks Without Catastrophic Forgetting: A Single and Realistic Self-Refreshing Memory can do it', Neural Information Processing-Letters and Reviews, 4, 27–32]. Are humans able to learn never seen items from attractor patterns generated by a highly distributed artificial neural network? First, an opposition method was implemented to ensure that the attractors are not the items used to train the network, the source items: attractors were selected to be more similar (both at the exemplar and the centroïd level) to some control items than to the source items. In spite of this very severe selection, blank networks trained only on selected attractors performed better at test on the never seen source items than on the never seen control items. The results of two behavioural experiments using the opposition method show that humans exhibit more familiarity with the never seen source items than with the never seen control items, just as networks do. Thus, humans are sensitive to the particular type of information that allows distributed artificial neural networks to dynamically maintain their memory, and this information does not amount to the exemplars used to train the network that produced the attractors.


Traditionally classroom instruction of simultaneous interpreting has replicated the working environment of conference interpreters (Cenkova, Gile, Mackintosh, MoserMercer). Additionally, interpreting classes require low enrollment and are taught in special laboratories. Current financial issues faced by universities (e.g. budget cuts, program merging/closure, hiring freeze) resulted in fewer resources and thus, the need to "be creative." The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how interpreting instructors, asked to teach simultaneous and consecutive interpreting (outside conference settings) in academic environments that do not have laboratories equipped with simultaneous booths and teacher console, have taken advantage of technology to cope with limited resources. In this paper we report on data collected during three years of teaching simultaneous and consecutive interpreting as part of a certificate in Translation and Interpreting Studies in a public university in California. The findings have implications for interpreting teaching and learning as well as for course/program design.


In order to study the gait continuity and stability of the biped soccer robot, the control system architecture of biped soccer robot is briefly presented. Then the walking gait algorithms of biped soccer robot are derived. The gait emendation strategies of biped robot are discussed, which include the dynamic and static walking emendation strategy. Therefore the veracity and robustness of walking gait are insured. The experimenta data show that the strategies are able to satisfy the rules of the FIRA game.


Protein structure determination by solid‐state NMR of aligned samples relies on the fundamental characteristics of the anisotropic nuclear spin interactions present in isotopically labeled proteins. Progress in the implementation of algorithms that calculate protein structures from the orientational constraints in the chemical shift and heteronuclear dipolar coupling interactions is described using both simulated and experimental data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A 19-year-old male developed acute lymphocytic leukemia complicated with pulmonary penicilliosis. Marked leukopenia with a high fever continued for more than two weeks. A strain of Candida glabrata was isolated from blood culture. Treatment was initiated by combination therapy with antifungal drugs and anticancer drugs. To treat the suspected infection with this fungus, oral flucytosine and intravenous miconazole were administered, but the clinical symptoms were not alleviated. Thus oral fluconazole was added to the regimen. X-ray examinations revealed that the infiltration in the middle and lower fields of the right lung gradually became localized, and the findings suggested the formation of a fungus ball. The patient died of right pneumothorax on the 66th hospital day.At autopsy, mass lesions were detected in the thoracic cavity about 4×4×5cm in size in the right middle lobe and about 1×1×3cm in size in the left upper lobe. These mass lesions were filled with necrotic lung tissues, and they thus differed in nature from the so-called fungus ball. Those lesions and the cavity wall contained numerous fungal elements consisting of dichotomous septated hyphae. Two morphologically different fungi were isolated from the mass lesion in the right lung : one isolate was identified as Penicillium citrinum and the other was a Penicillium species without reaching the final identification. The morphology of these two isolates was examined in detail with an electron microscope.This seems to be the first reported case of pulmonary penicilliosis due to P. citrinum and an unidentified Penicillium sp.


The emergence of the internet of things (IoT) facilitates us to connect all the devices available at home. Also, we can control and access devices and appliances remotely in real time. This article, by taking the advantages of IoT proposes an intelligent home with air quality monitoring (AQM) system that brings controlling and monitoring of devices and appliances, and monitoring of home environment together in real time. The system uses the combination of wireless communication and cloud networking, to remote control various appliances (like Fans, TV), also getting a glimpse of air quality. In order to obtain accurate, stable values for long period, industrial class sensors are used by the system for home environment monitoring. A user-friendly Android app and web portal also increase the usability of this system. Moreover, when undesirable conditions occur, the same is reflected by an android app or web portal. Eventually, home environment data analysis is done.


Method. Questionnaire method with reconstruction of the serious incidents by interview and documents. Results. 253 members of staff remembered 626 aggressive acts which happened to them in the course


Nodes in the DTN work on the foundation of cooperation in the network. When working in a cooperative manner, these nodes consume some network resources like bandwidth, buffer space etc. Like any other networks, DTNs are also prone to the malicious nodes and different attacks. In this work, we have proposed an attack model comprising of falsification of extended routing protocol metadata information combined with drop all attack. We have proposed the attack model definition and analyzed the performance of extended Epidemic routing protocol of DTN under this attack model. From the simulation results, we analyzed that the delivery probability of extended Epidemic routing protocols is greatly affected by the proposed attack model whereas the DTN routing protocols are proved to be robust against the individual attacks when implemented independently of each other.


Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of visual segmentation, complexity, and context on the cognitive processing of compounds in Easy Language. By presenting compounds in different boundary conditions, we determined whether a segmentation cue facilitates the processing of compounds presented with and without contextual information. The study was conducted with unimpaired adults and with hearing-impaired pupils, representing one of the Easy Language target groups. The results indicate that visual segmentation facilitates processing of compounds for pupils with low literacy skills. However, they only benefit from segmentation when morpheme boundaries are marked in a subtle way, i. e., without strikingly deviating from the standard version. Pupils with higher literacy skills and unimpaired adults do not profit from segmentation. Even though hyphenation slows down compound processing for unimpaired readers, initial processing advantages of hyphenated over concatenated compounds emerged, which is explained by the fact that hyphenation forces a morpheme-based access and enables fast recognition of the compound's first constituent. However, it hinders readers from accessing the compound via the direct route and thus slows down the processing of the compound as a whole.


The idea behind the general theory of 'hydraulic'-type problems as described by Gill (1977) is applied to an inertial boundary current. The flow considered is a single-layer inviscid fluid flowing under gravity along a rotating, irregular wall. It is shown that owing to variations in the curvature of the wall the boundary current may be controlled in the hydraulic sense at sections along the wall classified as 'bays'. It is also shown that because of such variations in geometry the flow can be 'blocked'. The behaviour of the flow in response to variations in the bottom topography, such as a varying lateral slope or a broad-crested weir, is discussed with particular reference to conditions under which the flow is either controlled or blocked.


It is shown that interaction coordinates are closely related to compliance constants. Also it is emphasized, using a vibrational analysis of H2O as an example, that compliance constants are invariant with the force field and thus are more unique quantities than are force constants.


The research object of this scientific work is the massive concrete structures of underground low-deep transport tunnels, reinforced with steel and non-metallic composite reinforcement. Circular-section tunnels with the frame nominal diameters of 5, 10 and 15 m are considered. The subject of the research study is the assessment of the averaged carbon footprint in both types of the constructive solution throughout their entire life cycle. The presented research is due to the need to implement the European Climate Law (the European Green Agreement. At the same time the Paris Agreement (2016) recommends to stop producing and using carbon steel in construction by 2030. The ecological impact of both types of transport tunnels is expressed in the form of carbon footprint, as the equivalent of carbon dioxide emissions, which is calculated separately for each stage of their existence in accordance with the current European Codes, including the recommendations of the proprietary methodology. To determine the required sizes of the tunnels concrete frames and their reinforcement, the numerical routine (B3) experiment was carried out in PLAXIS software complex in accordance with the current regulations. Averaged according to three different diameters and generalized carbon dioxide emissions during the life cycle of the reference structure (type 1) and proposed one (type 2) of the underground transport tunnel with the length of 1 m.p. were, respectively, 15.97 t СО2 eq and 11.551 t СО2 eq, i.e. decreased by almost 1.4 times. The conducted research made it possible to analyze the carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, to systematize the existing factors and impact factors of the specified building on the environment, and to determine the ways of their reduction. The possibility and expediency of using basalt-plastic reinforcement instead of steel in monolithic concrete structures, incl. transport tunnels, according to the criterion of reducing greenhouse gas emissions are proved. Keywords: carbon footprint, carbon dioxide emissions, underground transport tunnel, monolithic heavy concrete, steel and non-metallic composite reinforcement, construction life cycle, stage, information group (module).


According to the basic characteristic of the underground mine production and the requirement of production plan,some key techniques about the scheduling and the system structure based on 3D visualization were studied.A resolution with multi-objective auto optimization techniques was proposed and a method for creating report forms defined by user was adopted,which are the key points for the production plan scheduling.The results of its application in a real project show the system's predominant performance.


Objective
To investigate the changes of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) and their related factors in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) before and after therapy, and to analyze their clinical significance.

Methods
T-cells and DCs subsets were determined by flow cytometry both in 64 children with ITP (ITP group) before and after therapy and the control group. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and IL-27 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Treatments of glucocorticoid or IVIg were effective in 41 cases of 64 ITP children. Compared to the control group, helper T cells (Th), Th/suppressor T cells (Ts), T regulatory cells (Treg), plasmacytoid DC (pDC), pDC/myeloid DC (mDC), and TGF-β1 in ITP patient group before treatment were significantly lower, while IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly higher (P 0.05).

Conclusions
T cells and DCs subsets disorder and abnormal cytokine levels are observed in children with ITP, which can be corrected by immunosuppressive therapy, indicating that Th1 overactivity and the decrease of Treg and pDC both in quantity and function may be related to the pathogenesis of ITP in children.

Key words:
Thrombocytopenia/IM/ME; T-lymphocyte subsets; Dendritic cells; Interleukins/ME; Interferon type II/ME; Transforming growth factor beta1/ME


Vibro-Impcact harvesting devices are one concept to increase the bandwidth of resonant operated piezoelectric vibration generators. The fundamental setup is a piezoelectric bending element, where the deflection is limited by two stoppers. After starting the system in resonance operation the bandwidth increases towards higher frequencies as soon the deflection reach the stopper. If the stoppers are rigid, the frequency response gives constant amplitude for increasing frequencies, as long the system is treated as ideal one-DOF system with symmetric stoppers. In consequence, the bandwidth is theoretically unlimited large. However, such a system also has two major drawbacks, firstly the complicated startup mechanism and secondly the tendency to drop from the high constant branch in the frequency response on the much smaller linear branch if the system is disturbed. Nevertheless, the system has its application wherever the startup problem can be solved. Most modeling approaches utilize modal one-DOF models to describe the systems behavior and do not tread the higher harmonics of the beam. This work investigates the effects of the stoppers on the vibration shape of the piezoelectric beam, wherefore a finite element model is used. The used elements are one-dimensional two node elements based on the Timoshenko-beam theory. The finite element code is implemented in Matlab. The model is calculated utilizing time step integration for simulation, to reduce the computation time an auto-resonant calculation method is implemented. A control loop including positive feedback and saturation is used to create a self-excited system. Therefore, the system is always operated in resonance (on the backbone curve) and the frequency is a direct result of the computation. In this case tip velocity is used as feedback. This technique allows effective parametric studies. Investigated parameters include gap, excitation amplitude, tip mass as well as the stiffness of the stopper. The stress and strain distribution as well as the generated electrical power is analyzed with respect to the proper operation range.


Adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) have low body mass and low bone mineral density (BMD). Growth differentiation factor 8 (Myostatin, GDF8) and its homologue growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), members of the TGF‐β super‐family, play an important role in muscle regeneration and bone metabolism in healthy individuals. However, their association with BMD in AN is unknown. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between GDF8, GDF11 and BMD in adolescent girls with AN.


Automobile manufacturers face lot of challenges, which includes, offering more vehicle variants based on customer demands with limited resource and costs, new market penetration, new legislative norms, competition etc. The present vehicle architecture is very rigid and it would require a relook at the design every time a new requirement is put forth and comes with a cost penalty, in terms of resources, and in addition will have a high lead time to market. To tackle the above challenges without the disadvantages mentioned above, the paper proposes modular vehicle architecture and few of its techniques, which would enable the Vehicle to adapt to different specifications. Keywords— Modularity, modular techniques, commercial vehicle, modular design approach, modular interface, modular design


As a physician who trained in both psychiatry and pain management and chaired the DSM-IV (( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition) and DSM-IV-TR (text revision) committees on pain disorder, I am worried about subsuming these diagnoses under the new somatic symptom disorder diagnosis in DSM-5.1

This new diagnosis, at least with regard …


This article revisits the works of Lambertini and Rossini (1998) and Bernhofen and Bernhofen (1999) and also extends the analysis to the effects of product innovation in Cournot and Bertrand duopolies with sales delegation.


Many application classes, such as archiving, backup of thousands of nodes in an organization, video sharing, etc., require highly reliable and scalable storage systems. Since it is now feasible to build such storage systems with advanced open source technologies, the challenge becomes how to best utilize those technologies to build and operate such a storage system with optimized cost and performance. The focus of this work is to provide an effective solution and key insights for this challenge within the context of the OpenStack Object Storage (Swift) platform.


This article demonstrates that no ultra narrow band modulation (UNBM) method, which includes very minimum shift keying (VMSK) and VPSK, can have substantially greater efficiency than conventional methods, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), in transmission in the same frequency band.


Modern Views of Gravitation and Cosmology. A Brief Essay Fundamentals of General Relativity Spherically Symmetric Space-Times. Black Holes Black Holes Under More General Conditions Wormholes Stability of Spherically Symmetric Configurations Cosmological Epochs Inflationary Models Baryonic Asymmetry of the Universe The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe Models of Multidimensional Gravity Fine-tuning of the Universe Parameters A Dialog of Adherers of Multiple Universes and a Unified Theory.


Abstract : A geometric nonlinear technique is incorporated in a current finite element program. This nonlinear program allows material nonlinearity for calculating the stresses, strains and failure of composites. The improved program uses an updated Langrangian to calculate the stresses and strains. In addition, it updates the fiber orientation due to displacement in order to calculate the updated stiffness matrix. This method is valuable for large strain values. The analytical data were compared to experimental data obtained from Graphite PolyEtherEther Ketone laminates. To obtain data two geometries were used. Digitized photographs were used to measure the angle change for large strains. (JS)


The www.fueleconomy.gov website offers information such as window label fuel economy for city, highway, and combined driving for all U.S.-legal light-duty vehicles from 1984 to the present. The site is jointly maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and also offers a considerable amount of consumer information and advice pertaining to vehicle fuel economy and energy related issues. Included with advice pertaining to driving styles and habits is information concerning the trend that as highway cruising speed is increased, fuel economy will degrade. An effort was undertaken to quantify this conventional wisdom through analysis of dynamometer testing results for 74 vehicles at steady state speeds from 50 to 80 mph. Using this experimental data, several simple models were developed to predict individual vehicle fuel economy and its rate of change over the 50-80 mph speed range interval. The models presented require a minimal number of vehicle attributes. The simplest model requires only the EPA window label highway mpg value (based on the EPA specified estimation method for 2008 and beyond). The most complex of these simple model uses vehicle coast-down test coefficients (from testing prescribed by SAE Standard J2263) known as the vehiclemore » Target Coefficients, and the raw fuel economy result from the federal highway test. Statistical comparisons of these models and discussions of their expected usefulness and limitations are offered.« less


Astronaut photography from the International Space Station (ISS) forms one of the longest continuous remote sensing datasets of Earth and has facilitated a large body of research ranging from glacial surface area analysis to volcanic sediment delivery. Such studies are enabled by the geolocation and georectification of the imagery. Yet, localizing astronaut photography of Earth is a challenging and labor-intensive task, tempering the amount of research that can be performed. We present a method for automatically localizing these images named Find My Astronaut Photo, which makes this task feasible by casting the problem as a precision-oriented image similarity and matching exercise.As the ISS orbits the globe, astronauts can view and photograph most locations on Earth, so there is no precomputable database of finite landmarks for image comparison. Therefore, we iteratively generate potentially similar images from geolocated satellite imagery on-demand and rely on an image matcher to discriminately detect overall similarity between these images and an astronaut photo.We evaluate various image matching techniques to find methods which allow us to discretize and reduce our search space to a manageable size, and locate astronaut photographs with high precision and speed.Find My Astronaut Photo has successfully geolocated over 30,000 photos to date, adding critical location information that increases the downstream utility of the Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth(GAPE) database. We also introduce AIMS, the Astronaut Imagery Matching Subset, a new real world evaluation dataset that joins the collection of challenging image matching benchmarks.


The present invention discloses a method for reducing the load driver, and a load driver output ripple current. The load driver comprising: a DC - DC converter, the DC - DC converter having a first output and a second output terminal; opposite phase ripple current generating circuit, the inverter ripple current generating circuit is connected to the second output end and configured to generate a second current, the ripple current of opposite phase to the first phase of the current of the first output terminal of the ripple current of the second current, wherein the first and second currents are combined into an output current, to drive a load, wherein the inverter ripple current generating circuit includes an output terminal of the linear regulator, the linear regulator is coupled to a first output terminal, a second input coupled to the output terminal.


Leadership is the heart of the success of a school, the head must be able to embed values in improving the quality of services to the users of the school services in the era of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution today. Research aims to know the leadership of the school principal in developing quality cultures facing the 4.0 Industrial Revolution at the Primary School (SDN) Jatimulyo 3 Malang and Islamic Primary School (SDI) Surya Buana Malang. The method used in this study is qualitative with a type of symbolic interaction study. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the quality culture developed at SDN Jatimulyo 3 Malang there are three cultures, namely: (1) religion; (2) nationalists; and (3) literacy. Meanwhile, SDI Surya Buana Malang has twelve quality cultures developed, namely: (1) habituation of reading prayers, asmaul husna and memorize juz 30; (2) the habituation of prayers every day; (3) day inspiring stories; (4) Friday charity program; (5) daily prayers; (6) study in Javanese, English, and Indonesian Language; (7) outbound implementation a year twice; (8) the implementation of empirical studies; (9) the implementation of thematic contextual learning; (10) ceremony activities every Monday; (11) scout activities; (12) technology, information, and communication.


This study aims to develop a valid chemical bonding material module and can be used as independent learning materials for students in learning activities. This study is based on teaching materials used in some schools, representation of the phenomenon used only macroscopic and symbolic, while submicroscopic phenomenon has not been seen in the teaching materials used and some teachers have just heard the term. This study uses model of research and development Plomp. Data collection techniques in research are validation sheet, teacher response questionnaire, and student response questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained validity on the aspect of content feasibility, linguistic aspect, presentation aspect, graphic aspect, and characteristics aspect of multiple representation validated by three validators, respectively for 97.14%, 89.52%, 93.33%, 95.24%, and 97.78% with valid categories. Evaluation result of small group was taken teacher response and learner response as user of chemical bond module based on multiple representation. looking at the questionnaire of teacher's response to the chemical bond module based on multiple representation, the average score was 90.22% with very good categorization. Questionnaire response of students to chemical bonding module based on multiple representation is 89.37% with good categorized.


The wave-front concept in conjunction with the ray-tracing technique is applied to solving the problem of fast-wave ion cyclotron resonance heating of tokamaks, leading to realistic power deposition profiles. The different features of the complete model are reviewed, including the 2-D computation of the antenna near-field, the concept of a constant-phase surface and the derivation of the initial conditions for ray tracing, the geometric optics expansion scheme, the ray and power transport equations and their implementation in general toroidal geometry, as well as the procedures leading to the production of final power deposition profiles for the various plasma species. The validity and consistency of the approach are investigated both by means of numerical checks and by using analytic asymptotic expansions in simplified cases. The range of validity and the limitations of the present approach are fully discussed. Using asymptotic theory, it is possible to bridge the gap between the antenna coupling theory (a full-wave solution) and ray tracing (a geometric optics solution), showing how the power spectrum radiated by the antenna constrains the field distribution over a constant-phase surface. Examples of power deposition profiles for the plasma species are generated for several minority heating scenarios of JET in which the antenna is located on the low-field side. In most cases, a very peaked power deposition profile is obtained, which is centred around the minor radius at which the cyclotron layer cuts the meridian plane of the tokamak.


'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (CaLsol) is a phloem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of the potato disease "zebra chip". The disease was first seen in potato in Mexico and parts of Central America in the 1990's and…


MCI-154 (0.3–100 μM) exerted a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect in isolated guinea pig papillary muscles (EC50 0.8 μM). The efficacy of MCI-154 (253% of predrug value) was 1.7-fold higher than that of saterinone but comparable to that of milrinone. Carbachol markedly reduced the increase in force of contraction (FOC) of MCI-154. In intact contracting papillary muscles, the positive inotropic effect was accompanied by an increase in cyclicAMP content to 0.78 ± 0.09 pmol/ mg wet weight (n = 10), corresponding to 150% of the basal value (0.51 ± 0.05 pmol/mg wet weight, n = 21) in the presence of submaximal cyclicAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme III inhibiting concentrations of MCI-154 (30 μM). MCI-154 (1–1,000 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited the activity of PDE III from homogenates of guinea pig myocardium. The IC50 was 3.8 μM. PDE I, II, and IV were not significantly affected up to 100 μM (PDE I and IV) and up to 1,000 μM (PDE II). In comparison, milrinone and saterinone were PDE III/ IV-selective PDE inhibitors. Rolipram inhibited PDE IV only. IBMX and theophylline were nonselective PDE inhibitors. MCI-154 had only a marginal positive chronotropic effect. The frequency of spontaneously beating right auricles from guinea pig heart was increased by 8.7% at most (n = 5). MCI-154 increased Ca2+ sensitivity in chemically skinned porcine ventricular muscle fibers. FOC was maximally enhanced to 129.3% of control value by MCI-154 (100 μM). The positive inotropic effect of MCI-154 is probably due mainly to inhibition of PDE III. In contrast to the PDE III/IV-selective PDE inhibitors milrione and saterinone, MCI-154 inhibited PDE III only. The increase in Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile proteins by MCI-154 may contribute to the positive inotropic effect.


We numerically compare the performance of different OAM-based mode diversity schemes under different atmosphere turbulence. The numerical results show that SIMO modes diversity scheme is more preferable under moderate-to-strong turbulence, while MISO is more appropriate under weak turbulence. © 2020 The Author(s)


"Blind Rhyme: The Reasonable Person Standard Violates The First Amendment" presents case law about the reasonable person in Section II. Section III discusses free speech standards, judicial review standards, and criminal law. Section IV shows how the Equal Protection clause in conjunction with the First Amendment may be violated by the reasonable person standard. Section V concludes.


While the third-quarter's real GDP growth rate of 2.7 percent was an improvement over the second quarter's 1.3 percent, it may turn out to be the best in a lackluster year, as most forecasters are currently predicting that growth will slow down in the fourth quarter. The labor market has been front and center in the minds of economists as they have been evaluating growth prospects. The Federal Open Market Committee, the Fed's monetary policymaking body, is no exception.


The present invention relates to gas sensor with nanometer line array for detecting gas. The gas sensor includes insulating substrate, lower electrode layer, sensing conductor, and upper electrode layer; and features that the sensing conductor across between the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer is nanometer line array of metal or metal oxide nanometer lines with 30-800 nm diameter, micron level length and 25-550 nm intervals. The preparation process includes the steps of: preparing lower electrode layer, preparing porous alumina template, preparing nanometer line array, preparing upper electrode layer, and etching to eliminate the porous alumina template. The present invention adopts micron-nanometer processing technology to prepare gas sensor of nanometer line array and high gas detecting sensitivity.


This study is the second step of a long-term research project, which investigates the innovative uses of a software application by adolescents in an all girls' high school in the southern United States. In the first phase, we proposed a research model that can be used to predict innovative use following mandatory adoption by conducting surveys and quantitative analysis of the results (Singletary et al. 2002a, 2002b). In this second phase, we will more deeply investigate innovative use phenomenon through qualitative analysis using cognitive mapping methodology. The current study is based in large part on Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1986; Wood and Bandura, 1989). We will also utilize the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (Rogers, 1995) and the Task-Technology Fit Theory (Goodhue and Thompson, 1995).


Abstract Little is known about the macrohabitat associations of rodents and shrews in prairie landscapes because of the logistic constraints of conventional trapping. We used the remains of 60,972 small mammals in owl pellets to assess factors affecting small mammal composition across 4.3 million hectares of the northern Great Plains of North America. Cropland with clay soils was dominated by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), whereas areas with higher proportions of native grassland and moderately sandy soils supported communities with more sagebrush voles (Lemmiscus curtatus). Areas with clay soils and higher annual precipitation were associated with higher proportions of house mice (Mus musculus), meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), and shrews (Blarina brevicauda and Sorex species), whereas drier areas with sandier soils and lower annual precipitation were dominated by olive-backed pocket mice (Perognathus fasciatus) and northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster). Contrary to extrapolations of previous smaller-scale efforts, soil texture was the primary landscape feature driving small mammal composition in our study, whereas agricultural cropland significantly altered the composition of these assemblages. These associations demonstrate the importance of considering macrohabitats encompassing entire populations.


Wi-Fi, small cells and macrocell networks serve users with different advantages and drawbacks. In this paper, we propose a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game between these three types of networks and mobile users. In the multi-leader game, each network first sets the optimal price according to the behaviors of the other networks and the prediction of each mobile user's optimal strategies. Subsequently, mobile users choose their optimal network, accordingly. In the proposed game, there exists a Stackelberg equilibrium between the leader level and the follower level, and two Nash Equilibria within leaders and within followers, respectively. This fact differentiates the proposed work from most existing literature. Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields high social welfare at the equilibrium.


This is a welcome and timely manuscript describing a new marine Nd-cycling model embedded in a fast GCM that is well-suited for future exploration and optimization. The authors also present preliminary results of the sensitivity of their model to varying two important parameters of the Nd cycle, which already offer new insights into our understanding of the global Nd cycle and its isotope signature.


schnermann makes several strong points in his article "Adenosine mediates tubuloglomerular feedback responses" ([19][1]). We completely agree that the data provided by two independent laboratories demonstrating that tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responses to increases in distal perfusion rate


This paper presents a novel sensing method for navigation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, AUVs, through pipelines to conduct autonomous internal inspection. Unlike remotely operated pipe inspection robots, AUVs do not have an umbilical cable and so they can easily maneuver through bent sections of pipelines and the distance they can cover is not restricted by the length of the cable. Presently pipe inspection robots come in contact with the walls of the pipe during their operation. However old and aged pipelines may have loose corroded materials or biological growth which may get detached and pollute the fluid or further damage pipe interior when the pipe inspections robots touch the walls. AUVs can operate without coming in contact with the pipe wall and so this technique is a non-contact measurement and inspection technique. The proposed navigation sensor makes use of computer vision techniques to estimate the relative position and orientation of the vehicle inside the pipe with 4 degrees of freedom, which will enable the AUV to swim through the center of the pipe. A conical laser is projected on the pipe wall and the image of the laser is acquired by a camera. The features of the image are extracted and matched with a feature database prepared apriori. The position and orientation of the matching feature record in the database gives the estimated position and orientation of the vehicle. Experiments were conducted in dry experimental pipelines to verify the performance of the proposed sensor and results are presented. Control Simulations were performed to verify the ability of the sensor to navigate an AUV. The results of these controls simulated are also presented in this paper.


State of the art in the tariff type selection in the retail and the wholesale electricity market for construction or reconstruction facilities located at Far East are considered. As a management solution the electricity tariff's selection for enterprises at stage of construction or reconstruction is accented.


In this article, a recently developed, sensitive photothermal interferometric detection technique, in which an interference fringe pattern formed by overlapping two reflected probe beams from the front and rear surfaces of the sample was used to measure the photothermal signal, and its application for characterization of transparent (or partially transparent) plate samples were theoretically and experimentally investigated in detail. The theoretical descriptions of the intensity distribution of the interference fringe pattern and the photothermal signal with pulsed excitation were presented. Experiments were conducted with plate samples of optical glasses doped with heavy‐metal ions and the results were compared with the theoretical ones. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results demonstrated the proposed photothermal interferometric detection technique to be a sensitive photothermal method for the study of the thermophysical properties of transparent samples. Its applicability to weak a...


With respect we remember Professor H. G. Meissner having taught marketing at the University of Dortmund/Germany who died at the age of sixty-nine in June of 1999. A sudden apoplexy of the heart brought his active working life to an end, a life that was full of brand-new ideas and projects. The German scientific scene of business administration lost an impressive personality and one of the most respected economists, especially in the field of marketing research. Hans Gunther Meissner was born in Dusseldorf at the 24th of September in 1929. After his general certificate of education at the advanced level he started a mercantile apprenticeship at a steel exporting company underlying his permanent interest in international economic transactions. Following his scientific inspirations he studied business administration at the University of Cologne from 1953 until 1956. After having been awarded his diploma-degree he pursued the academic fields of sociology and psychology. Karlrobert Ringel who founded the Institute for International Economics appointed H. G. Meissner as scientific assistant. In 1958 he reached a doctor's degree for his thesis about the "Anthropological Basics of Export Market Research". At that time H. G. Meissner recognised the meaning of a culture-anthropological dimension of international economic transactions and believed in its importance. He also employed this interdisciplinary idea in his postdoctoral thesis required for qualification as a university lecturer dedicated to the economic collaboration with developing countries and finally he was awarded the venia legendi for the academic field of business administration. Before being announced as university lecturer a provisional period followed at the University of Cologne where he held the university chair for general business administration and also represented transitorily the Institute for International Economics. In 1973 he accepted a call from the University of Dortmund to represent a university chair for marketing. In spite of honourable offers of the University of Gottingen and the University of Economics and Business Administration in Vienna he continued pursuing his research and teaching at the University of Dortmund until his emeritus status in 1995. In an interview H. G. Meissner willingly gave information about his main topics of research. His attention focused upon the economic fields of international marketing, European marketing, advertising, consumer behaviour, marketing for technological innovations and social marketing. 250 publications in the fields mentioned underline his diversity of knowledge and his ability to enlarge the international economic literature with his affinity to detailed topics. His most important monograph of the last years represents his scientific work about "International Strategic Marketing". The second edition published in 1995 is also available in English and Spanish. This edition embodies the variety of strategically relevant entrepreneurial environmental aspects and illustrates the beginning and tendencies of a successful strategic marketing. Additionally H. G. Meissner's work shows his understanding of business administration as a reality-oriented, practicable and applicable science. The permanent contact to the companies' daily routine and to his academic colleagues played an important role in his life. …


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating individual valuable material from the mixing of comminuted plastic waste in particular, the plastic waste comprises a membrane component, a composite film and the hard plastics component and may have an impurity component. The separation of impurities and plastic waste. Then, the plastic waste and separate into a rigid plastic film and a composite film and the rigid plastic film and is separated from the hard plastic finally separated into different types of plastic. At least one separation step comprises separating drifting.


Money laundering, as global phenomenon is an issue of considerable importance for today. Political leaders, civil servants in government and business elites in the public sector usually commit it. They carry on the forbidden activities by creating over-pricing contracts, phantom companies or using fronts and paying for contracts not or poorly executed. It is these worry which stimulates this discourse and which stimulates this piece to support for more global actions against the scourge of money laundering across the world.


Video anomaly detection in the unconstrained environment is challenging due to various background scenes, illuminations, and occlusions. Recent studies show that deep learning approaches can achieve remarkable performance on video anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose a joint representation learning structure for video anomaly detection. The proposed architecture extracts features from the object appearance and their associate motion features via different encoders based on ResNet network architecture. Our network architecture is designed to combine spatial and temporal features, which share the same decoder. Using a joint representation learning approach, the proposed architecture effectively learn both appearance and motion features to detect anomalies in various scene scenarios. The experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the remarkable detection accuracy with respect to existing state-of-the-art methods, which achieve 96.5%, 86.9%, and 73.4% in UCSD Pedestrian, CHUK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech datasets, respectively.


A low-voltage power supply circuit is developed for micro-power CMOS LSI applications, especially for microwatt smart-sensor LSIs. The circuit consists of a switched-capacitor voltage converter and a series regulator. The switched converter lowers battery voltage 1.5–3 V to a low voltage of 0.5–0.7 V to drive the series regulator, and the series regulator provides LSI logic gates with a power voltage of 0.4–0.6 V such that the logic gates operate in the subthreshold region. In a sample circuit designed to produce a supply voltage of 0.6 V, the switched converter lowered a 1.5-V battery voltage to 0.68 V, and the series regulator lowered the 0.68 V to 0.6 V. The power conversion efficiency of the switched converter was 83%, and the total efficiency was 73%, with a 13-µA output current.


Sodium fluoride has been administered to strengthen the bones of patients with myeloma, on the grounds that the dense fluorosis that occurs might do this and prevent spontaneous fractures. In a trial of low and high dose fluoride administration compared with a placebo Harley et al.12 were unable to show any differences between the three groups in survival, progression of skeletal change, loss of height, incidence of pain, loss of performance, or requirement for radiotherapy. They concluded that by itself fluoride made no difference. Carbone et al.13 studied the bone formed after giving fluoride and found that it contains no more calcium as a result, the bone being inferior in quality and just as likely to fracture. Others have felt that the concurrent administration of vitamin D, calcium, androgen, and fluorides may be effective, but there are no controlled studies on this point. It seems that fluoride by itself is of little benefit.


The word "view" is used in a variety of ways: in specialist jargons, as well as common language. It functions as a synonym for landscape painting or photography, as well as for landscape perceived without the mediation of the picture (looking through a window, we take in the view). It's a genre and a type of composition, but above all to view constitutes a visual experience and an element of perception. On the most basic level–that of popular art historical lexicons–the term usually operates as a neutral explenans . The fact that the genre of landscape is defined either as a view or a representation of a view calls our attention to the unclear positioning of this term. Is it a part of the world as it is seen or a result of the human act of creation? The view is certainly connected to images, representations, and pictures but also to imagination, appearance, apparition, and looks. And with the look, it is connected to vision, the gaze, eyes, and the notion of visibility. But the view is not fully identical with any of those. It is related to aesthetics but also to topography, to representation and perception. 1 In my essay, I will focus on three points, each one establishing a different situation of looking. Their interlacing in this text aims to show different aspects of visual experience. The first is Zbigniew Libera's photographic series La Vue (2004 ‐ 2006). The second is Google Street View imagery, one of the tools of Google Earth and Google Maps. The third is late nineteenth ‐ and early twentieth ‐ century French writer Raymond Roussel's technique of building description. Roussel's technique becomes an object of analysis because it inspired Libera's two photographic projects and thus contextualizes the artist's work. Roussel's technique also establishes a discursive analogon for Google Maps imagery. In all three examples, I will investigate how each constructs its own vantage points and examine how those vantage points interfere with the point of view of an empirical spectator. In the end, however, my goal is to show that a stable division between an image's vantage point and a spectator's perspective is impossible to


Climatological rainfall across much of the Greater Horn of Africa has a bimodal annual cycle characterized by the short rains from October to December and the long rains from March to May. Previous generations of climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) generally misrepresented the bimodal rainfall distribution in this region by generating too much rainfall during the short rains and too little during the long rains. The peak of the long rains in these models also typically showed a pronounced 1‐month lag relative to observations. Here, the ability of 21 CMIP6 models to properly simulate the observed, climatological annual cycle of Greater Horn rainfall is examined, comparing results with CMIP5 and CMIP3. As previous work has shown a connection between Greater Horn climatological rainfall biases and model biases in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), pattern correlations of climatological SST biases are also analysed. For the multi‐model mean, it is found that the earlier biases in Greater Horn rainfall and associated SSTs persist in CMIP6. Examining only the three best performing models in each CMIP group reveals the CMIP6 models outperform those in CMIP3, with mixed results regarding improvements over CMIP5. For the best performing CMIP6 models, the SST and 850 hPa wind biases are reduced over the Indian Ocean relative to the other CMIP6 models examined. No statistically significant relationship was identified between CMIP6 model performance and the horizontal resolution of the model. Combined, these results indicate the importance of properly simulating the annual cycle of SSTs in order to successfully model the observed rainfall annual cycle in the Greater Horn.


A new suspended solids filter is described in this paper Absorbance value of surface water filtrate shows the capture effect was satisfactory with the fliter The recovery rate is 95 4%~106 8% The detection limit is 3 2mg/L The method can be used to determine suspended solids in strong acids,strong bases and strong oxidizing wastewater


Since almost all ad hoc network work in 3-D environments, a 3-D virtual backbone network algorithm was developed from a 2-D plane algorithm. Connected dominating sets (CDS) were used to form the virtual backbone network. This paper provides a distributed virtual backbone network algorithm using CDS method in 3-D space. The hop sparse ratio of the algorithm is 3 and its length sparse ratio is 6, which are the same as in 2-D space. The algorithm has an approximation factor of at most 16, compared to 8 in the 2-D plane. The properties of the 3-D virtual backbone algorithm are illustrated by large scale random simulations.


The operation principle of the main circuit of the three-level SVG based on the commonly used diodeclamped three-level inverter was analyzed.The simplification and optimization of three-level SVPWM was discussed fundamentally.A method to simplify the three-level SVPWM by transferring three-level space vector in different zones into two-level space vector in the same zone by rotating the vector twice was proposed.The optimized method of threelevel SVPWM by adjusting the working time proportion of the equivalent positive and negative small vector in a space vector pulse train was also proposed,which can be effective to balance the neural point voltage at DC side.The result of the simulation and experiment show that the simplification and optimization method of three-level SVPWM is correct and effective.


The geographical distribution of astronomical research papers produced in the United States over about the past 70 years was determined to test the hypothesis that this science has become widely distributed over the past decades and to provide grist for speculation about the development of modern American astronomy. The hypothesis is correct, with 16 states presently supplying 90% of the research papers originating in the U. S. and published in The Astrophysical Journal, compared with 13 states in 1960, six in 1940, and three in 1920. California is the greatest single source of astronomical research produced in the U.S., using the standards adopted here. Four small- to moderate-population states (Arizona, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Colorado) presently produce about one-third of the research papers from the U.S., 50% more papers than California, although with only slightly more than half the total population. Observational and theoretical astronomy are distributed somewhat differently among the United States, although for both categories the same large number of states (16) produce 90% of the research. Production of astronomical research presently appears to be approximately in proportion to the number of American Astronomical Society members in any given state. The geographical distribution of the members of one large NASA committee is compared with the very different distribution of astronomical research.


The essay proposes a democratic interpretation about the social space. It approaches it from an hermeneutics point of view linked to the paradigm of intersubjectivity (taking into account authors such as: Apel, Habermas, Honneth, Taylor, etc.). Therefore, it exploits the " theory of recognition" both on a practical level, both theoretically. Against this background "the public reason" has an epistemological dominant role.


The longitudinal heat transfer in capillary pipes is enhanced by fluid oscillation. The analytical solution to this phenomenon was obtained considering the wall thermal conductivity. Based on this solution, the effects of wall conductivity and thickness were investigated for the case of large amplitude of fluid motion. The longitudinal heat transfer through the fluid part was more enhanced in highly conductive thick pipes. This is because the region where the heat is transferred backwards is smaller in these pipe sections. The direction of longitudinal heat transfer depends on the phase difference of temporary change between the velocity and temperature; it depends on whether or not the difference exceeds π/2. From this point of view, the most effective wall regarding this problem is presented, where the wall temperature does not change preserving the mean temperature of the location during the oscillation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 33(2): 129–139, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10126


Introduction: Soft tissue sarcoma in adult is a rare disease and it needs an interdisciplinary team management. Liposarcoma has mesenchymal origin and arises in the fatty tissue. Multiple histologic subtypes of liposarcoma are recognized, including myxoid liposarcoma. In two-third of the cases, this tumor occurs in the muscle while often demonstrating a misleading benign appearance. Myxoid liposarcoma occurs predominantly in the deep soft tissues of the extremities and has the ability of metastasis to a wide range of soft tissue. Surgery is the main therapeutic modality in treatment of soft tissue sarcoma.

 Case Report: Presenting an exceptional case of a 50-year-old woman with history of painless large swelling of size 28×21×13 cm in left gluteal region since one year with rapid progression over three months. It was diagnosed as low grade myxoid liposarcoma of the left buttock. This is the largest reported case of myxoid liposarcoma of extremities in Asia found in literature. The patient was treated with complete excision of tumor with gluteus maximum muscle. Gluteus minimus flap was elevated to cover the exposed sciatic nerve and buttock recontouring was done as single procedure for aesthetically favorable results followed by post-operative radiotherapy and necessary follow-ups.

 Conclusion: Buttock contouring done post-resection as single procedure is more acceptable by the patient and has got superior aesthetic results.


This study is conducted to measure the influence of social media over the democratic behavior of the students. Social media is the main component of political participation in democratic societies and the study of democratic behavior is a highly specialized sub-field in political and social science. The study was concerned with the reasons that to what extent the social media play a significant role in promoting the democratic behavior of the students. The main objectives of the present study were to find out the factors like the social media which affect the democratic behavior of the students in Gomal University. A sample of 70 respondents (students) was selected by simple random technique from Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Specifically, this study explored the relationship of democratic behavior with social media and the other factors that had strong effect on democratic behavior. The results of the present study showed a diverse response of the student regarding the impact of social media on the democratic behavior.