This paper focuses on the new phase-segregated solution. A general overview of busbar protection principles is given starting from simple interlocking schemes for single-incomer distribution busbars, to high-end microprocessor based protection schemes. Also, a novel phase segregated approach based on existing hardware platforms capable of processing plurality of single-phase AC input signals is presented. The new solution is discussed in details including architecture, reliability, dependability, speed of operation, security on external faults, case of configuration and cost. Lastly, the basic application principles for protection of complex busbars are presented. They include a tie-breaker with a single CT, treatment of blind zones and overtripping zones, dynamic bus replica, end fault protection and breaker failure protection. Both principles and examples are presented.


In this work, a hybrid VCO comprises of a ring oscillator and a LC tank architecture is proposed. The hybrid VCO only employs a small inductor, which can deliver a much higher phase noise than the ring oscillator and consume smaller space than conventional LC-VCO. The core circuit is supplied with voltage headroom VDD=1.0 V. The VTUNE is varied from 0 V to 2.5 V which provides the performance tuning for the designed VCO. In post-layout, the VCO achieved a frequency bandwidth operation from 0.85 GHz to 1.6 GHz. The output power of the VCO ranges from 2.75 dBm to 3.05 dBm across the tuning voltage of the varactor. At 1 MHz offset frequency, the phase noise achieved is -100.7 dBc/Hz while at 10 MHz offset frequency, the phase noise is -120.4 dBc/Hz. The DC power consumption of the VCO is 4.6 mW.


Slow dynamics in the ± J Ising model on a square lattice is studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation, in which the distribution function of (logarithms of) relaxation times, P ( x ) with x =ln τ , is obtained by analyzing individual spin auto-correlation functions one by one. At each temperature in the \lqGriffiths phase', namely in the range above the spin-glass transition temperature T c (=0) but below the Curie temperature of the corresponding pure ferromagnet Tpurec, P ( x ) exhibits a characteristic crossover behavior at around x c (=ln τ c ) which diverges toward T c . The contributions to the branch x ≤ x c are interpreted due to the ordinary critical slowing down process associated with T c (critical dynamics). The behavior of P ( x ) at x ≤ x c , on the other hand, is quite consistent with the picture of relaxation processes of large, rare clusters related to the expected Griffiths singularity at Tpurec (cluster dynamics).


This document presents a study on the optimization of the 3D geometry of a horizontal axis radial levitation bearing with zero-field cooled (ZFC) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) bulks in the stator, and radially magnetized permanent magnet (PM) rings in the rotor. The optimization of component dimensions and spacing to minimize the volume or cost concerning only the maximization of the levitation force was previously studied. The guidance force and guiding stability depend on the spacing between PM rings in the rotor and between the rings of HTS bulks in the stator. This new optimization study aims to find the optimum spacing that maximize the guidance force with given HTS bulk and PM ring dimensions while maintaining the minimum required levitation force. Decisions are taken using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) over 3D finite element analysis (FEA). A simplified electromagnetic model of equivalent relative permeability is used on 3D FEA to reduce numerical processing and optimization time. Experimental prototypes were built to measure magnetic forces and validate appropriate values of equivalent magnetic permeability. An analysis of stable and unstable geometry domains depending on the spacing between rings of HTS bulks and PM rings is also done for two HTS bulk sizes.


A method is proposed for performing a remote meter reading a metering device (3) in a communication system (1), in which a remote reading device (2), in particular a smart meter gateway for electricity meter or a data concentrator, with one or more metering devices (3), especially electricity meters, via a serial connection (4A, 4B) is coupled for data exchange, characterized in that, for remote reading of a fernauszulesenden metering device (3) remote read-out device (2; 21; 31) associated with one of the fernauszulesenden metering device metering device emulator unit (6) communicating, and the fernauszulesende metering device (3) associated with one of the remote reading device remote reading device emulator unit (7) communicates.


The total global forest area is decreasing significantly, yet stories of successful large-scale forest restoration are still scarce. In the 1980s, when properly designed concepts and methodologies were absent, state-led, large-scale restoration projects in lower-income countries (LICs) in Asia were already successful. These then LICs—South Korea, Vietnam, and China—experienced dramatic forest land use changes driven by different socioeconomic and political developments, from deforestation and forest degradation to reforestation and ecological restoration. This study examines the institutional settings of each country's restoration programs, focusing on the inputs of the external factors, their effects on the relevant action arena, and their payment mechanisms. By conducting critical comparisons between three country cases, we found that the ability of nations that had implemented reforestation programs to restore their forests was often influenced by external variables, which included biophysical conditions, local community attributes, and local, state, and federal rules. The result of this research provides practical implications and contributes to the body of literature comparing restoration cases from Asian countries, which have rarely been investigated.


Objective: Explore the vascular endothelial damage role in the pathogenesis of SAP complicated with MODS.Methods: Through the establishment of etiology and pathogenesis of SAP model similar to human SAP rats,we can determine rats' liver and kidney function and serum amylase at different time in the SAP group and SO group.Observed the pathological damage different organs of vascular endothelial,and determined the fall off blood vessels endothelial cells by flow cytometry instrument.Results: The quantity of VEC has a positive correlation with AMY in the serum and pancreas pathological score.Conclusion: The vascular endothelial injury damaged by trypsin is the pathological basis of organ damage in acute severe pancreatitis.


The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a volumetric displacement (H) and a catalytic converter (2) which is connected downstream and which is provided for cleaning exhaust gases. The catalytic converter (2) has a geometric surface (O). In addition, the catalytic converter (2) has an effectiveness (E) for converting at least one noxious component contained in the exhaust gas into innoxious constituents, and has at least one honeycomb body (3), whereby all honeycomb bodies (3), together, have a total volume (V). According to the invention, the volume (V) is selected such that it is smaller than the volumetric displacement (H) by at least a factor of approximately 0.6, and the geometric surface (O) is dimensioned, however, such that the catalytic converter (2) has an effectiveness (E) of greater than 98 %. The honeycomb body (3) is preferably a metallic honeycomb body (3) consisting of coated and/or wound, at least partially structured sheet metal layers (6, 7) whose channels (4) are separated from one another by channel walls (5), and whose average thickness (d) is no greater than 40 micrometers, preferably no greater than 35 micrometers, especially ranging from 18 and 32 micrometers, whereby the number (A) of channels (4) of the honeycomb body (3) over a cross-section through the honeycomb body (3) equals at least 600 cpsi. This makes it possible to provide small-volume particularly economical honeycomb bodies.


In this work, we study Majorization of Vectors and Doubly Stochastic Matrix, their properties and relation between them. Introduction: Comparison of two vector sometimes leads to interesting inequalities. An important tool in comparing vectors as well as deriving matrix inequalities of eigenvalues, matrix norm and singular values is Majorization. If we talk about history of majorization, indeed many of the key ideas related to majorization were discussed in the volume entitled "Inequalities" by Hardy, Littlewood and Polya [1]. The appearance of Marshall and Olkin [2] book on inequalities with special emphasize on majorization generated a surge of interest in majorazation and Schur Convexity. Several authors have given its applications in various areas see [3-6]. Also, a very important type of matrices with non-negative entries is Doubly Stochastic Matrix. For details one can study [7, chapter 2]. In this work, we study how these two are related. Majorization: For any a, b ∈ R , let a = (a1, a2, . . . , an) and b = (b1, b2, . . . , bn), for a to be Majorized by b, the necessary and sufficient condition is ∑ p


In a previous experiment it was shown that complete rotation of the magnetization in thin NiFe films, lasting only a few nanoseconds, can take place when rapidly rising field pulses of sufficiently high amplitude are applied. In this experiment the film remained in the single-domain state during the flux reversal, which is in contrast to static-switching experiments where the film splits up into many domains during the process. This Letter discusses partial-switching processes which occur when rapidly rising field pulses with amplitudes just beyond the rotational threshold are applied to the film. In this case the film is also split up into fine domains. This is interpreted as being caused by inhomogeneities of the magnetic properties of the film. Further, an unexpected creep effect occurs for field pulses with amplitudes somewhat below the wall coercive threshold H c , which is attributed to partial wall motion starting from the edge domains of reversed magnetization.


Carvalho L, Rankinen K, Stefanidis K, Ives S, Vuorio K & Birk S (2021) Assessing multiple stressor effects to inform climate change management responses in three European catchments. Inland Waters. https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2020.1827891. It is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Many complicated phenomena are associated with transient stages during the continuous casting process, especially inside the casting mold cavity. A deep understanding of the phenomena and optimized control over the process ensure the high quality product and low costs. This work presents a three-dimensional numerical simulation of transient fluid flow phenomena during steel continuous casting. In the Part II, the process of casting speed change (increase or decrease), temperature fluctuation, and steel grade mixing in a slab mold were investigated. The phenomena, such as flow pattern, inclusion removal fraction, temperature variation, top surface profile, and steel transportation, were addressed to evaluate the process and enhance product quality.


In the present investigation, 67 advance genotypes of rice were analyzed for their physicochemical, cooking, pasting and antioxidant properties. Wide variations were observed in most of the traits under study such as amylose (9.96–22.43%), amylopectin (77.57–90.04%), starch (20.65–52.11%), volume expansion ratio (1.71–4.67 ml), length of blue gel (59.00–116.00 mm) and cooking time (19–26 minutes). Peak viscosity and final viscosity were found to be highest in genotype VL-7852 (292.5 RVA) and VL-30425 (496.08 RVA), respectively. Antioxidative activities were found correlated with total polyphenols. DPPH radical inhibition was recorded in the range of 9.23–17.34 μM Trolox equivalents/g DW, while ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was in the range of 6.76–30.19 μM Trolox equivalents/g DW. Principal component analysis (PCA) was done to find out relationships among groups of variables in a data set and between genotypes. Two major clusters were formed using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) that explained good variation in the traits. The existence of wide variability for various parameters in the present study suggests that the selected genotypes might be useful for rice breeders working on the development of new varieties with value-added traits.


Mn80Cu20-xFex(x=0,2,4) alloys were prepared using non-consumble vacuum arc furnace smelting followed by subsequently solution treatment.The effect of Fe content on the microstructure and magnetic-field-induced strain(MFIS) was studied by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),photomicrograph,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),and resistance strain gauge method.The result showed that FCC→FCT martensitic transition occurs in Fe-substituted MnCu alloys,and α-and e-phase appeared in Mn80Cu18Fe2 alloy and Mn80Cu16Fe4 alloy.With the increase of Fe content,the Neel temperatures of alloys increases,which are all higher than room temperature,that's to say,the alloys exhibit antiferromagnetic austenite microstructure at room temperature after quenching from high temperature.Alloys possess much larger magnetic-field-induced strain(MFIS) with the increase of Fe content,and taking Mn80Cu16Fe4 alloy as an example,when magnetic field strength was 0.9T,the MFIS was at its maximum,9×10-5.


Abstract: Business ethics serves the important social function of integrating business and society, by promoting the legitimacy of business operations, through critical reflection. Although the social function of business ethics is implicit in leading business ethics foundation theories, it has never been presented in a systematic way. This article sets out to fill this theoretical lacuna, and to explore the theoretical potentials of a functional approach to business ethics. Key concepts from Parsonian functionalistic sociology are applied to establish the social integrative function of business ethics. This produces a theoretical framework for business ethics that provides strong theoretical arguments against often-heard criticisms of business ethics. Many of these criticisms are ideological in nature, in that they systematically play down the importance of integrative functions in the business-society relationship, on the grounds of unrealistic assumptions about the performance of economic and bureaucratic institutions. However, business ethics itself can also become ideological, if it forgets that the conditions for the application of ethics to business are not always ideal as well.


Shroud devices which are typical cyclic symmetric structures are widely used to reduce the vibration of turbine blades in aero engines. Asymmetric rub-impact of adjacent shrouds or aerodynamic excitation forces can excite the bending-torsion coupling vibration of shrouded blades, which will lead to complex contact motions. The aim of this paper is to study the rub-impact dynamic characteristics of bending-torsion coupling vibration of shrouded blades using a numerical method. The contact-separation transition mechanism under complex motions is studied, the corresponding boundary conditions are set up, and the influence of moments of contact forces and aerodynamic excitation forces on the motion of the blade is considered. A three-degree-of-freedom mass-spring model including two mass blocks with the same size and shape is established to simulate the bending-torsion coupling vibration, and the dynamic equations of shrouded blades under different contact conditions are derived. An algorithm based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is presented for simulations. Variation laws of the forced response characteristics of shrouded blades under different parameters are studied, on the basis of which the method to evaluate the vibration reduction characteristics of the shrouded blade system when the motion of the blade is chaotic is discussed. Then, the vibration reduction law of shrouded blades under bending-torsion coupling vibration is obtained.


Given † probability vector μ(X) = (μ1(X), … μk (X)) of a finite number of components on a Borel class of sets X, we say that μ(X0) has a diagonal value α if μi(X0) = α for all i = 1, 2,…,K. J. Neyman(l), (2), (3) has proved that in the class of Borel sets of real numbers any non-atomic vector μ(X) takes all diagonal values. A. Liapounoff has studied the full range of values of k-dimensional vector-valued measures and in two papers (4) he has proved that the range is closed and in the case of non-atomic measures the range is also convex. He also gave an example showing that neither of these results holds in the case of vectors of infinitely many components. A simplified proof of Liapounoff's results has been given by P. R. Halmos (5). In the present paper I study the range of values of probability vectors of infinitely many components. Various types of conditions are studied which are sufficient to imply that, for each ε > 0, 0 ≤ α ≤ 1, it is possible to find a set X such that


It is recognized that the gas density relay can reflex the gas density in gas insulated electric equipment correctly and the pressure relay can't do the same. This article indicates that when the average temperature of gas in gas insulated electric equipment is some greater than the temperature of gas density relay then the gas density relay can't reflex the gas density correctly too and gives a positive error. An example in this article shows the error reaches about +5% and +10% in case of the temperature difference at 20℃ and 40℃ respectively.


Medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived somatostatin (SST)+ and parvalbumin (PV)+ cortical interneurons (CINs), have characteristic molecular, anatomical and physiological properties. However, mechanisms regulating their diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that conditional loss of the Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) gene, Tsc1, which inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), causes a subset of SST+ CINs, to express PV and adopt fast-spiking (FS) properties, characteristic of PV+ CINs. These changes also occur when only one allele of Tsc1 is deleted, making these findings relevant to individuals with TS. Notably, treatment with rapamycin, which inhibits MTOR, reverses these changes in adult mice. These data reveal novel functions of MTOR signaling in regulating PV expression and FS properties, which may contribute to some neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in TS. Moreover, they suggest that CINs can exhibit properties intermediate between those classically associated with PV+ or SST+ CINs, which may be dynamically regulated by the MTOR signaling.


This article brings up another way of making Social Communication History, not conventional, based on exceptional methodology and interdisciplinary readings. Social Communication History must find new subjects and study old subjects in new ways. It must include People's History. Particularly, this proposal begins in Foucault's concepts of speech and strategies of power, and goes on with History from below, Cultural History and Italian Microstoria. Palabras clave: Comunicación, Historia de la comunicación, Metodología, Historia desde abajo, Postmodernismo.


Abstract The asymptotic behaviour of Reynolds stresses close to walls is well established in incompressible flows owing to the constraint imposed by the solenoidal nature of the velocity field. For compressible flows, thus, one may expect a different asymptotic behaviour, which has indeed been noted in the literature. However, the transition from incompressible to compressible scaling, as well as the limiting behaviour for the latter, is largely unknown. Thus, we investigate the effects of compressibility on the near-wall, asymptotic behaviour of turbulent fluxes using a large direct numerical simulation (DNS) database of turbulent channel flow at higher than usual wall-normal resolutions. We vary the Mach number at a constant friction Reynolds number to directly assess compressibility effects. We observe that the near-wall asymptotic behaviour for compressible turbulent flow is different from the corresponding incompressible flow even if the mean density variations are taken into account and semi-local scalings are used. For Mach numbers near the incompressible regimes, the near-wall asymptotic behaviour follows the well-known theoretical behaviour. When the Mach number is increased, turbulent fluxes containing wall-normal components show a decrease in the slope owing to increased dilatation effects. We observe that $R_{vv}$ approaches its high-Mach-number asymptote at a lower Mach number than that required for the other fluxes. We also introduce a transition distance from the wall at which turbulent fluxes exhibit a change in scaling exponents. Implications for wall models are briefly presented.


This report is dedicated to analysis of the product composition of industrial chloroparaffin oxidation with air in the presence of cobalt stearate. Oxidation products have been grouped together by functional groups and analyzed by carrying out of standard analytical reactions. Oxidation product mixture in the chloroparaffin medium is used for preparing of multifunctional additives for PVC. It has been established that molar ratio of functional compounds depends on cobalt stearate concentration. It enables us to control composition and characteristics of multifunctional additives for PVC.


Laccase is a kind of biological protease, however, the easy denaturation and difficult separation for repeat use limit the application and development of laccase. So, how to improve the stability of laccase and rpeatability is very important. In present study, laccase was immobilized on magnetic Fe3O4/SiO2nanoparticles through cross-coupling method to further discuss the thermal stability of immobilized laccase after being heated in an airtight container and the degradation of procion(PR)with different initial concentrations. The results show that the immobilized laccase after being treated at 70℃ still keep 70% of the initial activity, showing good thermal stability. In the meantime, the decolorization of Procion with different initial concentrations fits the first-order reaction.


Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are serious health affecting problems worldwide. Urinary tract infection (UTI) can be caused by a lot of bacteria. Among them, E. coli is one of the main causes of both nosocomial and community acquired Urinary tract infections in humans. Drug resistance of E. coli is becoming alarming with the passage of time worldwide in general and in third world countries in particular. The study was intended to collect and analyze the samples from the patients suffering from Urinary tract infection of two medical of southern region of Bangladesh to reveal the antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli responsible for Urinary tract infection. 50 samples from each hospital were taken. 36 and 41 samples respectively were identified as E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done on Mueller-Hinton agar by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. All samples exhibited a different percentage of resistance where ciprofloxacin was showed evidence of higher resistance rate, which was 63.88% and 70.73% respectively. Higher resistance (63% & 75%) against Ampicillin was also found in patients of both medical. On the other hand, 16% resistance against ceftriaxone and 23.53% resistance against cefotaxime suggesting, they were comparatively more effective.


Objectives: Maier symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstructions, sneezing and watery rhinorrhea. When exposed to certain allergens, the IgE covered mast cells degranulate and release inflammatory mediators and cytokines which result in a local inflammatory reaction. In many recent studies, mo...


This paper examines UN Security Council Resolutions 1373 and 1624 and the Terrorism Act 2000 as three influential sources that have encouraged states to enact laws against the financing of terrorism, to use immigration law as anti-terrorism law, to employ broad definitions of terrorism and to consider laws against terrorist speech. It is argued that the implications of these trends in anti-terrorism law for either security or human rights have not been carefully thought out, and some possible remedies for the trendy nature of anti-terrorism law are considered.


This paper briefly introduces the present situation of safety management in construction site, and puts forward corresponding measures for controlling and radical curing the problems existing in the safety management of construction site.


Abstract. Recent advances in the fossil record, anatomy, and evolutionary history of South American turtles allow a thorough analysis of their changes in diversity, and to identify several major extinction events. With the onset of the breakup of Pangea in the Middle Jurassic, turtles begin to diversify, giving rise to the main South American turtle clades some of which survive until present. The first peak of diversity was achieved in the Early Cretaceous. A first extinction event is recognized at the end of the Early Cretaceous, affecting mainly the pelomedusoids in northern latitudes and coinciding with the final separation of South America from Africa. The K–Pg boundary mass extinction affected deeply the thriving turtles in South America by reducing their diversity in half. Reduction of diversity continued on the aftermath of the K–Pg extinction, roughly until the middle Eocene and the final isolation of South America from Antarctica. In this "new" continent, the diversity of the surviving turtles continued to decrease, until an injection of biodiversity from Africa, with the arrival of tortoises, which helped to recover the diversity levels. The Andean uplift in Late Oligocene–Early Miocene and the associated climate and habitat changes posed new problems for the turtles of the continent. New injections of biodiversity took place at the end of the Neogene with the Great American Biotic Interchange, as novel clades reached South America from the North. The modern biodiversity of South American turtles took its final shape only during the last million years.


Objective To investigate auditory function and pathological changes of spiral ganglion cells after cerebral concussion. Methods Forty healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups of 10 animals each: A (normal control); B(four weeks post - concussion), C(six weeks post - concussion), and D(eight weeks post -concussion). ABR and DPOAE were recorded, brain and spiral ganglion cell structure were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Results Auditory threshold of ABR in group B, C and D showed a significant difference from that of control group A(P 0.05). The amplitudes of DPOAE at 0.5 kHz、0.7 kHz、1 kHz and 2 kHz in the group B were lower than that of normal control group A(P 0.05). The amplitude at 4 kHz in C group was lower than that of normal control group A(P 0.05). The amplitude at 1 kHz in D group was lower than that of normal control group A (P 0.05). The cell organs of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) were injured severely in experimental groups. TEM revealed that mitochondria were swellen and degenerated with vacuolization , mitochondria crest disappeared or translocated to the edge. The rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was expanded. Conclusion Cerebral concussion can result in abnormal ABR and DPOAE and damaged SGCs.


Two hundred and thirty-eight strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from several plant-materials and fermented food products collected in Thailand were screening for antibacterial activity. Fifty-three strains which exhibited antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori clinical strains, were selected and identified based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. They were identified as Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum subsp. plantarum (3 strains), Lb. pentosus (10 starins), Pediococcus (P.) pentosaceus (2 strains), Lb. paracasei subsp. tolerans (1 strain), Lb. fermentum (5 strains), Enterococcus (En.) faecium (2 strains), En. casseliflavus (1 strain), Lactococcus (Lc.) garvieae subsp. garvieae (1 strain), Lc. lactis subsp. lactis (3 strains), Leuconostoc (Ln.) lactis (2 strains), Ln. citreum (2 strains), Ln. pseudomesenteroides (2 strains), Weissella (W.) paramesenteroides (1 strain), W. cibaria (6 strains) and W. confusa (11 strains). Strain Ru20-1T isolated from West-Indian jasmine (Ixora coccinea L.) was closely related to Lb. lindneri LMG 14528T (96.8 %) and Lb. sanfranciscensis NRIC 1548T (92.0 %) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and pheS gene sequence similarity, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Ru20-1T was clearly separated from related species of the genus Lactobacillus. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomy, strain Ru20-1T was proposed as Lactobacillus ixorae sp. nov.

The adherence abilities assay of selected strains on AGS cell lines, Ln. pseudomesenteroides strain BGM-S4 showed the highest adhesion ability (20.4%) followed by Ln. pseudomesenteroides strain FM-S16 (12.9%). While the other strains exhibited the adherence lower than 5%. Lb. fermentum P43-01 exhibited antimicrobial activity against H. pylori MS83 and BK364, was selected for evaluate the acid and bile tolerance. This strain had constant viability at pH 3 (7.6 log10 cfu/ml) and the numbers were approximately decreased 2 log cycles after incubation at pH 2 for 3 h. After exposure to bile acids for 6 h at 0.3% and 0.5%, a strain was slightly increased 1.5 and 1 log cycles, respectively.

The treatment of proteinaceous compounds, bacteriocin-like substances (BLS), produced by strain FM-S16 and P43-01 using protease, revealed that BLS of strain FM-S16 was sensitive to proteinase K while the BLS of strain P43-01 was sensitive to a-chymotrypsin and pepsin. These indicated that BLS of the selected strains might be the significant mechanism that exerted the inhibition on H. pylori. According to the highest anti-H. pylori activity of strain FM-S16, it was chosen for partial purification through the hydrophobic interaction, cation-exchange and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with 380-fold of purity. The molecular mass of partially purified bacteriocin was in the range of 1094-1316 Da.


In the title compound, catena-poly[cadmium(II)-bis(μ-5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiolato)-κ2 N 3:S 2;κ2 S 2:N 3], [Cd(C2H2N3S2)2]n, the CdII ion is coordinated by two N atoms of the 1,3,4-thiadiazole rings from two ligands and two S atoms of sulfhydryl from two other ligands in a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. The ligands bridge CdII ions, forming one-dimensional chains along [001], which are connected by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.


The comparison between Dobson spectrophotometer number 118 operating in Athens, Greece, and the Reference Instrument Dobson number 064 (Hohenpeissenberg, Germany) for column ozone observations, is discussed. The results obtained showed that the highest difference in total ozone observations derived from those instruments is almost 0.6% when the μ value ranges from 1.2 to 2.5, and hence no data reprocessing of historical data from Athens is necessary.


This study aims to find out and evaluate the government policy of Papua Province Area on its protection effort of ulayat rights of Papua's common law people and its problems that influence the government policy of Papua Province Area toward protection of ulayat rights of common law people.
This study is conducted by using legislation approach, law history and law politic. The writer carefully observes primary law material, secondary law material, and conducts interview toward informants based on their expert in certain field. Furthermore, the writer conducts law analysis; those are positive law description, positive law systematic, positive law interpretation and assessing positive law.
Through the analysis, it is found that normatively government policy of Papua Province Area on protection effort of ulayat rights for common law people of Papua had been existed. Problems that influence protection effort for ulayat rights for common law people are: there are law regulations that are less to give protection, unpreparedness, indolence, no seriousness, no maximum efforts, inconsistency local government on the implementations; common law people themselves, which sometimes do not make sure of their existence, limits and their ulayat rights possession.


China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century, by Carl J. Dahlman and Jean-Eric Aubert. Washington: The World Bank, 2001. xxvi + 170 pp. US$25.00 (paperback). The 1990s witnessed rapid economic growth. But this was achieved despite thorny problems that were left unresolved and even exacerbated. At the turn of the 21st century, these problems have become pressing issues needing to be grappled with in order to boost future development. China and the Knowledge Economy, published by the World Bank, provides the Chinese government with a diagnosis and prescription. It proposes that China should shift from a factor-based to a knowledge-based economy. The Chinese government may well be adopting at least some of the recommendations. The report is divided into three parts. The first contextualizes China's future development by identifying pressing challenges and by positioning China in the emerging paradigm of the "knowledge economy". The second part offers prescriptions to build up the foundations of the knowledge economy, and the third part discusses how to raise the technological level of the Chinese economy. Throughout the book, boxes are inserted containing illustrations that elaborate on some of the key concepts and provide relevant foreign and local examples. In the first chapter of Part I, the investigators identify four critical challenges faced by China during the transition: 1) serious unemployment; 2) maintaining economic growth; 3) growing regional and income inequalities; and 4) the environmental sustainability of development. They suggest that in the short term China should ensure as smooth and efficient a transition as possible, minimizing the unemployment that restructuring will cause and the social tensions that will follow and maximizing the opportunities for growth and for job creation. In the longer term, China should maintain high and sustainable growth that will not exhaust its limited natural resources. The second chapter sets out the significance of the knowledge-based economy for China's further development and puts China in the current global context of the "knowledge revolution", assessing China's weaknesses compared with advanced countries but indicating its potential to exploit the global knowledge base to catch up rapidly. In the three chapters of Part II, the investigators point out the weakness of China's foundations for the knowledge economy and the need to upgrade its economic incentives and institutions. Briefly, China should deregulate and transform its socialist planning institutions into market-based institutions promoting private enterprises; the formal rule of law should be strengthened; the state should become a regulator rather than a producer; intellectual property rights should be protected; labor mobility should be freed up; the taxation and financial systems should match the institutions of advanced countries; and the infrastructure for information and telecommunications should be deregulated and marketized, to foster a knowledge-based economy. Nevertheless, the state should continue to play a crucial part in promoting education. The government should put more resources into non-technical higher education in which "soft" skills, including management, human resource development, foreign language fluency and the ability to work in teams should be accentuated. The final four chapters of Part III propose means for China to raise its technological level. …


Micro-milling is a direct and effective manufacturing method for biological implants. Due to the scale effects of micro-milling, controlling the desired surface roughness in micro-milling is more difficult than that of conventional milling. The performance of these biological implants mainly depends on the surface roughness which has a great impact on cell adhesion. Due to the scale effects of micro-milling, controlling the desired surface roughness in micro-milling is more difficult than that of conventional milling. Therefore, in this study an attempt to analyze the optimum milling parameters was carried out. ANOVA was employed to analyze the influences of milling parameters according to spindle speed, feed per tooth, axial depth of cut and milling area in micro-milling of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. The milling parameters were optimized via Taguchi method for osteoblasts and fibroblasts adhesion in up milling area, middle milling area and down milling area respectively. This optimum method was verified in the additional experiments for getting the objective surface roughness.


Chlamydia trachomatis is known as the most common bacterial infection agent to pass with sexual transition. This microorganism is an obligatory intracellular parasite. A variety of infections are caused by C. trachomatis, including trachoma, pneumonias in newborns, genital and urinary tract infections, and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), which is caused by LGV strains. The diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis can be made by cultures and isolations, antigens and antibodies (direct fluorescence, enzyme immunoassays), hybridization, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each year, infection and diagnosis rates increase in the developed world. Since Chlamydia is mostly asymptomatic, screening, and treatment are a key to detecting cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBAa) molecular methods can be used for the detection, low concentration, quantification, and identification of organisms. While the traditional PCR method confirms its existence, it can quantify real-time PCR (RT-PCR). This method (RT-PCR) may have low sensitivity among variants of the same species. Also, PCR scans, which receive urine service, offer great advantages. PCR from initial void urine (FVU) samples is highly sensitive in detecting the organism. Urine Chlamydia screenings are more acceptable in large populations and asymptomatic detections.


This article is concerned with how verb second (V2) occurred in Old English(OE) in terms of Spell-Out and phases in the framework of the minimal program after Chomsky (1998). Though a lot of explanations have been made on V2, no satisfactory accounts have been found so far as to why V2 occurred in OE. In this article, given the assumption that OE has a monadic CP phase, V2 in OE occurred by V-to-C movement in the syntax. The motivation behind this V-to-C movement in OE is that verb movement is considered to trigger a sort of sign of the completion of phases to CHL in the syntax. As soon as a derivation reaches a phase through verb movement, it should be shipped to Spell-Out. In the meantime, though verb movement triggers Spell-Out in the phase, CHL actually recognizes phases in the syntax when the extended projection of phrases becomes maximal with Spec-Head- complement. Thus it is concluded that XP movement to the Specifier of CP following the verb movement enables CHL to recognize the corresponding derivations as phases. Also it is suggested that the loss of V2 comes from the change from a monadic phase(CP) to dyadic phases(CP, vP) in the history of English.


Strategies that aim the strengthening, expanding autonomy and the rights maintenance of community mental health services users, have been one of the purposes of using the Autonomous Medication Management Guide (GAM Guide), which calls for and give strength to adopt a active posture in their treatment, providing a participative and collective management in the therapeutic projects. At this sense, the study aimed to analyze the use repercussions of the GAM Guide for users of a Psychosocial Care Center (PCC). The methodological approach of the research was anchored in the Convergent Care Research. The research was developed in the period from march to june in 2017, in PCC type III, at Recife city, at the Pernambuco state, with 27 users who composed two intervention groups with the GAM Guide. Each group had two weekly meetings, totaling 36 meetings. The principle of data triangulation was used, with four different sources of data, participant observation, conversation interview, GAM Groups and field diary. The analysis phase was initiated, concurrently, with the investigative process and occurred through four processes: apprehension, synthesis, theorization and transference. The use of the GAM Guide for PCC users has showed to be an important tool in health education for care practice, since it has promoted the empowerment of users towards treatment, mainly in the sense of strengthening of power and increased autonomy; and cooperated to develop a more active attitude of users, in the perspective of building bonds, social support and valuing their experiences, to establish fundamental resources in dealing with problems; besides reinforcing its magnitude in the movement of users co-management treatment.


Plastic products have been considered as the world most consumer, which have led to use the waste plastic in the Construction Materials. This research studies the investigation the mechanical properties of the modified cement mortar with different additive from the waste plastic to Production light concrete with high mechanical and structure properties. The plastic waste in environment is considered to be a big problem due to its very low biodegradability and presence in large quantities. This work an effort has been completed to study for the result of waste Polyvinyl Chloride on the properties of the mechanical of mortar materials. The Polyvinyl Chloride can be used as energy enhance to produce the light concrete strength and used to help waste of the plastic to enjoy with the mixture, waste Polyvinyl Chloride is additional to the materials of the mortar by percentage of adding (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4,0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 %) that can be mix with alone for every samples with the water. The compressive strength between the mortar with various quantity of Polyvinyl Chloride plastic waste additive at different curing age, that the. Polyvinyl Chloride plastic waste additive does not help in enhancing the. compressive strength of the mortar but can be produce light mortar. The compressive strength drop to 32.1MPa for mortar mixture/PVCL For 28 days. The flexural strength of cured Polyvinyl Chloride mortar was found to be decrease with increasing the percentage of the addition and increasing with increase of the period of the curing for each percent of the addition. The modified mortar show a significant decrease in flexural strengths, that no improvement in the flexural strength as compared to ordinary concrete or mortar. The flexural strength drop to 4.5MPa for mortar mixture/PVCL For 28 days. Density of mortar with PVCL has decreased significantly for all mortars with the content of partial replacement of cement by PVCL plastic waste. It is evident that water absorption reduces considerably with increase in PVCL ratio. As seen, a 0.9 wt% PVCL addition can reduce the water absorption to 80% after curing age 28 days of the value obtained for the unmodified paste. The hardness of the. mortar sample is reduced by increasing PVCL ratio at all age curing. The maximum hardness at 0.9% additional is about 92.8 for PVCL, respectively at 28 days. Ultrasonic wave propagation speed in a material depends on the porosity of that material; it depends on the density and elastic properties. The effects of PVCL addition on the porosity of composites were evaluated by ultrasound measurements carried out.


Research using a variety of frameworks has shown that national culture and the values they espouse influence workplace behaviours, attitudes, and other organizational outcomes. (Kirkman, Lowe, and Gibson, 2006). Other frameworks used in studies relating national culture and workplace behaviours, attitudes, and other organizational outcomes include, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961), Hall (1976), Trompenaars (1993), Schwartz (1994), and Ronen and Shenkar (1985). The most influential of these frameworks is that of Hofstede (1980 and 2001), and it has had by far the greatest impact in studies relating national cultural values to workplace behaviours, attitudes, and other organizational outcomes. (Sivakumar & Nakata, 2001). For example, the Social Science Citations Index (SSCI) indicates that Hofstede's work is more widely cited than others (cited 1,800 times through 1999). (Hofstede, www1980 and 2001). Trompenaars (1993), who has a competing framework, credits Hofstede for 'opening management's eyes to the importance of the [cross-cultural management] subject'.In Part A of this essay, the details of Bonner's model for JDM research is evaluated in terms of the role national culture plays in the JDM quality of Accounting Professionals, and suggestions are made to enhance Bonner's Model to better incorporate different national cultural perspectives.In Part B a comparison is made between the accounting scandal involving Bernard Madoff in his firm in the United States of America, and the accounting scandal in Olympus Corporation of Japan. In the process the JDM assessment differences, which could be attributed to cultural differences between the United States of America and Japan, are discussed.Finally in Part C an evaluation is made of the impact of national culture in a globalized decision making environment; what implications there might be for judgment and decision making in such a globalized decision making environment; how appropriate the model espoused by Hofstede (1980 and 2001) is when evaluating the potential national culture impact on JDM quality according to Bonner's model; and what recommendations can be made to account for national cultural influences in JDM quality assessments.


By the environment pollution and the situation of energy sources becoming worse and worse in the earth, the solar energy has been paid extensively attention by people as a kind of non-environmental-damage and infinite natural energy source. So, on the basis of summarizing development condition, study trends and application prospect of the Dish Solar Energy Hot Power Generating System, this thesis carries out the design a effective system for house lightening. The Dish Solar Energy Hot Power Generating System is a complicated system and will have a great effect on energy using of human being. The paper does some corresponding researches and application works for the Tracking-Control System, the Thermoelectric Converter, the Electric Power Transducer and the AC Stabilizer of the system. For the Tracking-Control System, the design is carried on using the products of WAT SUN; For the Thermoelectric Converter, the stirling engine which is very popular with researcher all over the world is chosen; For the Electric Power Transducer, the application circuit has been designed; Finally, the basic principle of the high-precision AC Stabilizer has been described and the actual application circuit has been designed. All The Dish Solar Energy Hot Power Generating plants are demonstration projects now. the economic performance analyzing is done and some suggestion are put out for solar energy using by more people. This paper is put forwards a reasonable and high efficiency way of using solar energy by analyzing and designing the Dish Solar Energy Hot Power Generating System.


The interaction of a dipole radiator with a phase-conjugate mirror through a quantized radiation field leads to dramatic enhancement of the nonlinearity if the radiator is a slightly anharmonic oscillator. Quantum noise from the conjugator saturates the linear and nonlinear response of a two-level radiator when the reflectivity exceeds unity.


In this paper, let (G,G′) be the dual pair (Sp(p,R), O(n,m)). We will determine the composition series of the Howe quotients of G′ which are lifts from one dimensional unitary representations of G and unitary lowest weight modules of G. We will also determine the unitarizability of the subquotients. Our method also works for the dual pairs (Ũ(p, q), Ũ(n,m)) and (O∗(2p), Sp(n,m)). Research partially funded by the NUS Academic Research Grant R-146-000-026-112. Research partially funded by the NUS Academic Research Grant R-146-000-026-112. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 22E46, 22E47.


When analyzed within seventy-two hours of admission to the coronary care unit, the mean values of serum copper and magnesium were lower in patients with acute myocardial infarction than in noncardiac patients. Zinc values showed no difference. Because the reduction of serum copper in males was statistically significant, the authors suggest that a lowering of serum copper, especially in males, can be useful in the diagnosis of recent infarction and could possibly have other impli cations. Significant elevations of serum calcium and of serum potassium were also demonstrated.


Portland limestone cement (PLC) is a recent addition to North America, promoted for its environmental benefits while maintaining suitable properties in both the fresh and hardened state. However, due to concerns regarding the degradation of concrete in sulfate exposure, especially in cold environments, its use is currently limited. In Canada, this type of cement was first introduced in 2008, but its practice in sulfate exposure was prohibited according to CSA A23.1. In 2010, CSA A3001 introduced physical requirements and suggested minimum amounts of supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) to be used for a blended PLC to be considered in sulfate exposure. Alongside, CSA A3004-C8, the standard test method for evaluating performance of cement in sulfate exposure, was revised.
In this study, different SCMs available in Canada were used in binary and ternary PLC blends in order to achieve sulfate resistance. For all PLC blends, ettringite sulfate attack (ESA) and thaumasite sulfate attack (TSA) were studied. It was found that the PLC blends containing the standard recommended amounts of SCMs were not resistant against TSA. However, when the SCM amount was increased in the blend, the desired resistance was achieved. Ternary blends of slag and fly ash were found to be the most resistant.
In addition, mass changes in ESA and TSA as well as compressive strength and ultrasonic velocity in mortar samples were studied. Moreover, a combined differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction study were performed on samples in TSA and indicated formation of thaumasite in the deteriorated samples as well as on the surface of the intact ones. Interestingly, the mortar samples of the ternary PLC blend containing 40% slag and 20% fly ash were the only ones that did not show formation of thaumasite after a two-year TSA study.
Overall, SCMs were found effective in improving the resistance of PLC blends in sulfate exposure. Additionally, it was found that, in general, the increase in the SCM content in a PLC blend promoted its resistance.


Metal sulphides are highly important for the technology of semiconductor film materials. The potential of these compounds has not been exhausted yet when it comes to creating optoelectronic devices, solar cells, and luminescent devices based on them. The goal of this work was to determine the nature of interaction of sulphides in polycrystalline layers of CdS–MemSn, where Me are metals of groups I–VII of the periodic table. Cadmium sulphide was chosen as the common component of all studied systems due to the great photoelectric and luminescent properties of this well-studied material.It was shown that using aerosol spray pyrolysis of the solutions of thiourea complexes, we can obtain solid solutions and chemical compounds of CdS–MеmSn at temperatures not exceeding 500 °C. The main electric, optical, and luminescent properties of the layers were described.It was established that the use of aerosol spray pyrolysis of the solutions of thiourea coordination compounds allows significantly expanding the areas of solubility during the formation of solid sulphide solutions. The specific character of solid-phase interaction and nonequilibrium of the processes occurring during the deposition of layers allow avoiding structural incompatibility of the components expressed in the form of typical factors, such as the non-uniformity of crystal structure, differences in the chemical nature of the components, and discrepancies in sizes of substituting/penetrating atoms.Under such conditions of deposition of films (the lower threshold of deposition temperatures is determined by the temperature of decomposition of the most thermally stable thiourea coordination compound and does not exceed 250 °С), the solid-phase interactions of most sulphides cannot be achieved. Therefore, the interaction occurs at the moment of thermal destruction of complex compounds due to the emerging valence opportunities of their structural fragments


The limited coupling domain (where only first‐order‐allowed transitions are important) for rotational excitation is considered using the quantum mechanical sudden approximation. The derivation of the approximation is discussed using a variational procedure and a simplified form, valid for large angular momentum, is introduced. A further simplification is achieved using the limited coupling form of the S matrix, which interpolates between the weak coupling (distorted‐wave) limit and the dominant coupling regime. Explicit results are obtained for differential and total cross sections of specified first‐order‐allowed rotational transitions of diatomic molecules. The inelastic cross sections are expressed in terms of a coupling parameter and a common cross section, and the angular distribution, evaluated using a semiclassical summation, is peaked at a forward angle θ0, with Eθ0 increasing with increasing collision energy.


The paper focuses on changes of the Tianhuang Gala of Zhongyi Village at the Southwest Coast of Dianchi Lake in Kunming,analyzing the state forces influencing the groups' access to resources and distribution of power in Zhongyi village,and how rural society adapt and function in the control of state discourse.The temple fair not only constructs the space of folk in eyes of the public,but also provides the circumstances for mutual-construction of society and state.To care about these civil ceremonies and life organization can draw useful lessons for rural modernization construction.


1 Institute of Public Health, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University 1601 S Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA, Tallahassee, Florida, 2 College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, 3 Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Sarcandra glabra.Method: Two hundreds patientswith untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma stage in Ⅲ-IVa were divided into test group and control group randomly.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conventional radiotherapy were used in trial.People in test group oral sarcandra 3 days before the radiation therapy,once 10 g,3rd day,until the end of treatment.Result: Two groups of primary and cervical lymph node metastases efficient are 100%,the test group primary and cervical lymph nodes CR is 68%,72%,and the control group is 63%,79%.There is no significant difference between them.Two groups of acute radiation reactions,leukopenia,oral mucositis and skin reaction has no difference.The incidence and severity of xerostomia in test group were lower than control group.Test group 1 year,2 years overall survival,disease-free survival,recurrence rate and distant metastasis rates were:99%,88%,93%,73%,2%,10%,5%,20%;control group was 97%,85%,92%,69%,3%,12%,6%,23%.The difference was not statistically significant.There is no statistically difference between two groups of difficulty in opening mouth and skin fibrosis.There is statistically difference between two groups of xerostomia and the rate of radioactive tooth decay,the test group is lower than the control group.Conclusion: Sarcandra combined with chemoradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma can significantly reduce damage from radioactive Parotid,improve acute and long-term xerostomia,reduce the incidence of radioactive decay,it does not affect the treatment of cancer and long-term survival,non-toxic side effects.


Reversible data hiding is an important concept on secret communication not only the hidden data can be subtracted from a covered media but also the cover media can be entirely reconstruct after the extraction steps. In the last decade, self-pixel based, block based and interpolation based methods have been extensively developed by using spatial-frequency domain and any others. In this paper, we presents an overview of these methods and their marginal specifications. In addition to these, the purpose of this study is to explain and to classify the various algorithms, inside groups and their studies in the reversible data hiding concept.


Objective To explore causes and high risk electrocardiogram expression of cardiac arrest caused by malignant rapid ventricular arrhythmia.Methods Study included 45 patients,who had cardiac arrest once or more after admitted to hospital.Results The basic causes of cardiac arrest in 45 patients were as follows: 1) coronary heart disease with acute or outmoded myocardial infarction;2) secondary and idiopathic abnormal vast J wave,dilated cardiomyopathy;3) other causes.Hypokalemia was the most ordinary inducer.Ventricular fibrillation(VF) was the most common type of malignant rapid ventricular arrhythmia.They had some high risk electrocardiogram expressions: 1) complex ventricular ectopic beats; 2) secondary and idiopathic abnormal J wave;3) secondary long Q-T syndrome;4) Brugada's syndrome;5)extensive anterior myocardial infarction with tombstone ST segment elevation.The patients had different electrocardiographic and clinical characteristics.Conclusions The cardiac arrest caused by malignant rapid ventricular arrhythmia had different causes and high risk electrocardiogram expressions.


A software exploit is a sequence of commands that exploits software vulnerabilities or security flaws, written either by security researchers as a Proof-Of-Concept (POC) threat or by malicious attackers for use in their operations. Writing exploits is a challenging task since it is time-consuming and costly. Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) for code can benefit automatic exploit generation, achieving state-of-the-art performance. However, the typical paradigm for using these PLMs is fine-tuning, which leads to a significant gap between the language model pre-training and the target task fine-tuning process since they are in different forms. In this paper, we propose a prompt learning approach PT4Exploits based on the PLM, i.e., CodeT5 to automatically generate desired exploits by modifying the original English description inputs. More specifically, PT4Exploits can better elicit knowledge from the PLM by inserting trainable prompt tokens into the original input to construct the same form as the pre-training tasks. Experimental results show that our approach can significantly outperform baseline models on both automatic evaluation and human evaluation. Additionally, we conduct extensive experiments to investigate the performance of prompt learning on few-shot settings and the scenario of different prompt templates, which also show the competitive effectiveness of PT4Exploits.


Approximately 50–70% of permanent implanted pacemakers are dual chamber pacemakers. However, little is known concerning adjustment of the atrioventricular (AV) interval to maximize cardiac output. Ten consecutive patients with complete heart block and dual chamber pacemakers were paced at heart rates of 80, 100, and 118 beats/ minute and at five AV intervals with simultaneous measurments of cardiac output using pulsed Doppler. Maximum cardiac output occurred at AV intervals of 150 and 200 ms at rates of 80 and 100 beats/minute, and at 150 ms at a rate of 118 beats/minute (p < .05). An increase in the AV interval to 250 ms resulted in a decrease in cardiac output at all heart rates (p < .01). We recommend the noninvasive measurement of cardiac output, if available, for determining the optimum AV interval in an individual patient; otherwise, an AV interval of 150 or 200 ms will provide the highest cardiac output in most patients.


This study examined adoption and implementation of the demonstration method by Bachelor of Education (BEd) Science students' during teaching practice (TP), which lasted 14 weeks. Data were collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. The data analysis techniques comprised descriptive and inferential analysis. Findings indicated that i) the school-based experiential learning as designed and implemented is not sufficient to modify the Bed (Science) students' prior frame of reference for the integration of interactive instructional practices in the demonstration method; ii) despite pedagogical supervision, the pedagogical knowledge and repertoire of skills learnt was not sufficient to effect a major increase in the instructional practices implemented; iii) the Bed (Science) students' developmental needs persisted to the end of teaching practice because the pedagogical support provided on TP was not sufficient to address them; iv) although pre-service teachers have the potential for immediate improvement of their adoption and implementation of interactive instructional practices, they require a clear frame of reference before exposure to the context of their professional work without which they cannot effectively leverage a significant paradigm shift. The study provides several recommendations based on the findings.


The difference about measurement and theoretic value of total solar radiation for 30 years at the clear day in Urumqi has been used to investigate the variation on total solar radiation and its affect factors.The result showed: the maximum decrease of total solar radiation appeared in winter and the minimum decrease in summer,which well-matched with the emission of soot pollution in heating period.The decrease of solar radiation in different months has been as follows: 10%(April-September),15%(March and October),25%(February and November),35%(January and December).Among the 30% decrease in the heating period,the two thirds was caused by coal-combusted air pollution and the one third decrease was caused by perennial pollutant and atmosphere.There are same trend and fluctuation between the decrease of total solar radiation in a year and that in cold half year(heating period) with the ascending trend from 1976 to 1998 and descendent one since 1998.The variation trend of coal-combusted pollutant fit well with the decrease trend of total solar radiation,so the decrease of total solar radiation can reflected the status of local coal-combusted air pollution.


16533 Patients with ovarian cancers are often associated with poor prognosis and limited survival rates because their cancers were not detected at earlier stages. Currently, CA125 is the most commonly used tumor marker for ovarian cancer, but it only results in 78% sensitivity, 82 to 95% specificity, and 82% positive predictive value. Therefore, discovery of new tumor markers for detecting ovarian cancer is warranted. Peripheral blood is a convenient source of tumor markers. However, screening for new tumor markers from blood is difficult because tumor markers, usually at low concentrations in blood, are easily obscured by serum abundant common proteins. Alternatively, tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) represents a rich source for secreted proteins from both cancer cells and neighboring stromal tissues, and the contents of TIF are eventually drained into blood circulation. In this study, we attempted to identify cancer-specific proteins from TIF derived from human ovarian cancer with proteomics approaches. U...


In this paper we extend the results of \cite{Plumbing} to calculate Ozsv\'ath-Szab\'o Floer homology group HF+ for a class of negative-semidefinite plumbings with b_1 = 1.


This paper presents the phases involved in the design and prediction of vehicle handling and stability. The need to use both development experience and analytical tools early on in the design process is emphasised. Examples are provided of linear models which forecast yaw and lateral handling. The methods are illustrated by describing the methods used to formulate and achieve detail suspension characteristics. For the covering abstract see IRRD 870290.


The paper presents a simplified analytical method of calculating interdigital filter circuit parameters based on a narrow-band representation of a coupled line circuit. It allows fast implementation of the analytical calculations of even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances of coupled lines forming an interdigital filter for subsequent CAD calculation. The main advantage of this method is the possibility of choosing various original filter parameters according to the designer's desire. We present also a calculation example and results of an experimental filter fabrication.


Marguerite de Navarre (1492-1549) was the sister and wife to kings and a pivotal influence in sixteenth-century France. An astute politician and diligent humanist, she was a champion of gender equality and the evangelical reform movement, which recognized that the clergy was more concerned with maintaining the church's power than ministering to the faithful. As the years passed and the glitter of life at court waned, however, Marguerite came to realize her true vocation: writing."Selected Writings" brings together a representative sampling of Marguerite's varied works, most of it never before translated into English, enabling Anglophone readers to enjoy the full breadth of her writings for the first time. From verse letters and fables to mythological-pastoral tales, from spiritual songs to a selection of novellas from the Heptameron, the wide range of works included here will reveal Marguerite de Navarre to be one of the most important writers - male or female - of sixteenth-century France.


In this paper, the driver's hardware structure based on TMS320F28335 is introduced, the control software flow of host computer based on CAN bus is designed, the rule of CAN communication protocol is fulfilled and accordingly the hybrid programming is realized in the background of low speed and large sinusoid operation. This system can realize the CAN communication setting, download the PID parameters to DSP, operate at constant rotate speed and at given large sinusoid rotate speed. Meanwhile the dynamical monitoring and alarm are implemented. Finally the real-time display and storage of measured current, voltage and rotate speed are completed well.


In the differential equation system describes the motion of GLONASS satellites (rus. Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, or Global Navigation Satellite System ), the acceleration caused by the luni-solar traction is often taken as a constant during the period of the integration. In this work-study, we assume that the acceleration due to the luni-solar traction is not constant but varies linearly during the period of integration following this assumption; the linear functions in the three axes of the luni-solar acceleration are computed for an interval of 30 min and then implemented into the differential equations. The use of the numerical integration of Runge-Kutta fourth-order is recommended in the GLONASS-ICD (Interface Control Document) to solve for the differential equation system in order to get an orbit solution. The computation of the position and velocity of a GLONASS satellite in this study is performed by using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method in forward and backward integration, with initial conditions provided in the broadcast ephemerides file.


The arterial blood pressure (AP) is an integral index reflecting the functional state of the cardiovascular system. Instead of it being a dynamic parameter with shortterm and circadian deviations, it is maintained in definite referent values. The argument of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) to define AP values under 140/90 mmHg in three categories optimal (under 120/80 mmHg), normal (120-129 mmHg for systolic and/ or 80-84 mmHg for diastolic) and high normal (130-139 mmHg for systolic and/or 85-89 mmHg for diastolic) is connected to the different cardiovascular risks. The risk of arterial hypertension (AH) to develop is higher in individuals with high normal AP. In prehypertension, the systolic (top number) reading is 120 mmHg-139 mmHg, or the diastolic (bottom number) reading is 80 mmHg-89 mmHg. Prehypertension is a warning sign that the individual may get high blood pressure in the future. High blood pressure increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and kidney failure. There is no cure for high blood pressure, but there is treatment with diet, lifestyle habits, and medications. The individuals with HNAP are of interest because of the possibility for them to be treated by a non-drug therapy and thus delaying the AH appearance and reducing the cardiovascular risk. Julia Nikolova et al. made an observation study in two groups: with HNAP and controls with optimal AP. The objective of the study is for the risky profile and some haemodynamic indices in the students of medicine to be followed. Students of medicine are a special group, taking into consideration their non-dynamics and proclivity for obesity, predisposing them thus to AH. The hemodynamic profile of HNAP students of medicine indicates increased cardiac frequency and shortened duration for the left ventricular ejection and could be connected to increased sympathetic nerve activity. As far as the HNAP individuals' therapeutic plan is concerned, the recommendation is directed to risk profile correction reduction of body weight, consumption of salt, no smoking. The increased physical activity could regulate the autonomic nerve system disorder and reduce the sympathetic tone activity. The early risk factors correction in students of medicine will delay the appearance of AH and will reduce the possibility of the appearance of cardiovascular incidents. Petar Nikolov et al. analyzed Intima media thickness (IMT), Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and FlowMediated Dilation (FMD) in 103 individuals with pre-hypertension and 45 normotensives. The first two indices reflect structural arterial vascular alterations, while FMD is referred to endothelial changes. FMD is impaired in PH and correlates with the cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. The decreased percentage of FMD is connected to the vasodilators/vasoconstrictors ratio shifted to the right. In their study, FMD is significantly lower in pre-hypertensives. It is a good predictor for vascular impairment and may serve in determining the therapeutic approach. In contrast to the FMD data, there are no differences in the IMT and the ABI indices in PH individuals compared to the normotensives ones. The last two indices are a sign of advanced atherosclerotic process. This proves that PH is a state of functional changes, yet in time it leads to structural cardiovascular alterations and the appearance of hypertension.


Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is one of the potential medicinal plants, because it is useful as antioxidant and antibacterial. The purpose of this research was to describe the effect of heating turmeric on the growth of colonies of coliform bacteria in vitro. The parameter was the number of coliform bacteria colonies that grown on EMB Agar media that was used in the research. The research was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments. The first treatment was turmeric filtrate without heating. The second treatment was turmeric filtrate with temperature 90 o C heating for 10 minutes. The third treatment was not using turmeric filtrate as a control. All three treatments were repeated six times to obtain the 18 treatment combinations. Parameters measured were the number of coliform bacteria colonies that grown on EMB Agar media that have given various treatments. Data analysis was using descriptive analysis. The results showed that addition of turmeric filtrate could hinder the growth of colonies of coliform bacteria. This shown by a decrease in the number of coliform bacteria colonies growing on treatment with the addition of turmeric filtrate compared to the control treatment. Giving filtrate turmeric without heating provides optimal results in inhibiting the growth of total coliform bacteria colonies. Key words: coliform bacteria; filtrate turmeric; heating temperature


GADDY, L. L. (Consulting Biologist, Route 1, Box 223, Walhalla, S. C. 29691). Twelve new ant-dispersed species from the southern Appalachians. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 113:247-251. 1986-Through the use of "cafeteria" experiments with the diaspores of 17 herbaceous species and with 3 species of ants, 12 southern Appalachian herbs, unreported as myrmecochores, were found to be ant-dispersed. The 12 species included three species of the genus Carex and Scleria triglomerata (Cyperaceae), three species of Panicum (Poaceae), two species of Hexastylis (Aristolochiaceae), Chrysogonum virginianum var. au.strale (Asteraceae), Disporum lanuginosum (Lilaeaceae), and Galium circaezans (Rubiaceae). Here, myrmecochory is reported for the first time in the genera Galium and Panicum. The structure of the elaiosome in each species is also discussed. Galium circeazans and Disporum lanuginosum seem to have elaiosomes that are structurally different from any that have been heretofore described.


Objective
To explore the influencing factors of non-invasive labor and pain reduction in primiparae, and to propose nursing strategies.

Methods
184 primiparae vaginally delivered in our hospital between Mar., 2017 and Dec., 2018 as study objects. According to their labor pain, they were divided into a poor analgesic group and a good analgesic group. The clinical data of the two groups were collected; and the influencing factors affecting the application of non-invasive labor and pain in primipara were analyzed; and the nursing countermeasures were proposed.

Results
Univariate analysis showed that there were statistical differences in age, education level, body mass index, pregnancy comorbidity, and psychological status between the two groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=-2.314, 95% CI=1.215-9.644), pregnancy complications (OR=2.002, 95% CI=1.205-14.154), and psychological status (OR=2.514, 95% CI= 1.301-14.221) were independent risk factors for the application of non-invasive labor in reducing pain in the primiparae.

Conclusion
Non-invasive labor and pain reduction have many influencing factors in the application in primiparae, and targeted nursing intervention in clinical practice is of great value in reducing primiparae's pain.

Key words:
Non-invasive delivery and pain reduction; Primiparae; Influencing factors; Nursing strategies


We assess the extent to which stock market information can be used to estimate leading indicators of bank financial distress. We specify a logit early warning model, designed for European banks, which tests if market based indicators add predictive value to models relying on accounting data. We also study the robustness of the link between market information and financial downgrading in the light of the safety net and asymmetric information hypotheses. Some of our results support the use of market-related indicators. Other results show that the accuracy of the predictive power depends on the extent to which bank liabilities are market traded.


SUMMARY The authors describe a multimedia communications skills training CD-ROM for human service students and practitioners and evaluate its effectiveness with undergraduate social work students in Canada.


The effects of 3 different strains of Japanese koji (Aspergillus oryzae, A. sojae and A. awamori) in the solid-state fermentation (SSF) of sugarcane bagasse mixed with wheat bran on chemical composition, energy, in vivo digestibility and preference of the fermented bagasse feeds (FBF) in goats were investigated. Diets consisted of lucerne hay cube (basal diet) and unfermented bagasse feed (control), FBF with A. oryzae (O), FBF with A. sojae (S) or FBF with A. awamori (A), which were mixed in a total ration of 7:3 (w/w DM). Three Nubian does were fed each of the diets, i.e. control, O, S and A in the 4 consecutive periods for digestion trials (21-day each). The goats were also used for preference trials (30-min each) of O, S and A. The O was significantly higher in CP content than others (p<0.05). The crude fiber (CF), ADF and cellulose contents of control were significantly lower than those of other diets (p<0.05). The S had significantly higher CF digestibility than control (p<0.05), and it revealed the largest value of all. Digestibilities of NDF, ADF and cellulose in S were significantly higher than those of control (about 10, 18 and 18%, respectively, p<0.05). The DE of S was significantly higher than that of others (p<0.05), though there were no significant differences in DCP and TDN between control and S. The results of preference trials demonstrated that the average intake rate was not significantly different among diets, but O and S are likely to be preferable to A (p<0.1). It was concluded that the SSF of bagasse feeds by Japanese koji can improve the fiber digestion, especially NDF, ADF or cellulose in goats, and there is a marked effect in the feed containing A. sojae, which may lead to the improvement of DE. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 9 : 1279-1284)


Introduction Some say the placebo effect gets no respect. It certainly has had its ups and downs in medicine and sports medicine; I have covered this in prior columns (4,6). Now a provocative editorial in a sports medicine journal questions even the very logic of the placebo. It asks, in essence, how can something inert (a placebo) have an effect? It asks, if the effect is mediated not physically but psychologically, how can the ''psychotherapy'' involved still be called inert? It ponders possible negative or ''nocebo'' effects of placebos; this is relevant to sports performance, as will be seen in the latter part of this article. It argues that the same agent may be a placebo, a nocebo, or an active intervention, depending on who gives it, who gets it, or when it is given. It calls for abandoning ''the black box named placebo'' and where effects of socalled placebo treatments are observed, attempting to identify and directly assess their cause (8). This is easier said than done, as also will be seen in the latter part of this article, where I cover new research on placebos and nocebos in sports performance.


Since the early 1970s, there have been highly sophisticated arguments and conceptual discussions put forward in relation to how Western liberal democracies might wish to manage their diverse ethnic minority populations. It is apparent, however, that in the current climate, the important principles of unity and diversity are insufficient to challenge differing forms of ethnic, racial, and religious inequality. This paper argues that because of its underlying assumptions and modus operandi in the post-September 11 climate, British multiculturalism has been ineffective, even supporting some commentators' suggestions of a return to assimilationism. There is a new era in post-September 11 political hegemony, economic determinism and structural and cultural racisms, with European government rhetoric and public policy almost exclusively aimed at Muslims—whether as existing citizens or as part of a process of limiting immigration (which has tended to be from mainly Eastern European, North African, and Middle Eastern sending regions and nations). The example of New Labour and how it has attempted to deal with multiculturalism in Britain is a case in point. The discussion explores the changing concept of multiculturalism with special reference to British Muslims and debates that emerge in relation to identity, nation and civil society. It is argued that the experience and treatment of British Muslims is important to explore and appreciate in the current climate as it provides a test case for the future of (a) British multiculturalism and (b) British Muslims in society per se.


This paper presents a novel sliding mode controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Based on Lyapunov stability theorem and linear matrix inequality technique, a sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the global asymptotical stability of the error dynamics and a linear sliding surface is existed depending on state errors. A new reaching control law is designed to satisfy the presence of the sliding mode around the linear surface in the finite time, and its parameters are obtained in the form of LMI. This proposed method is utilized to achieve a controller capable of drawing the states onto the switching surface and sustain the switching motion. The advantage of the suggested technique is that the control scheme is independent of the order of systems model and then, it is fairly simple. Therefore, there is no complexity in the utilization of this scheme. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


We have recorded in-plane displacements with speckle photography and out-of-plane displacements with holographic interferometry for solid bodies, from which the three- dimensional surface deformation can be determined. We demonstrate that it is possible to measure both uniform in-plane and out-of-plane displacements in one double-exposure hologram by reducing the reference-to-object-beam ratio to enhance speckle contrast in the hologram. We have also recorded the three-dimensional displacement of particles suspended in a fluid in a controlled experiment using holographic interferometry.


conducted trials with S. richardsonii. Three 1 -ha plots (each surrounded by 250-m buffer strips which were also treated) were treated at either 1.56, 2.38 or 1.68 1b/A with 50-ppm brodifacoum oat groats bait. Oats were placed near burrows at 16 to 19 g-quantities, and control plots re- ceived a blank, unpoisoned oats bait. Control was measured by three methods. Recovery of the 22 squirrels from each plot which had been fitted with radio-telemetry transmitters revealed a 98% kill. A trapping index comparing pre- and posttreatment trapping indicated 99% reduction, and a more formal CMR trap study indicated a 97% population reduction (Matschke, pers. comm. 1982).


We provide comparison principles for convex functions through its proximal mappings. Consequently, we prove that the norm of the proximal operator determines a convex the function up to a constant.


Powder-bed fusion is accompanied by the occurrence of processes such as the formation of a vapor-gas jet, the outflow of powder particles and the movement of gas masses in the laser processing zone, which must be taken into account to improve the quality of the process. In this work, the methods of optical diagnostics of the space above the processing zone were used to identify and investigate the main occurring processes. Using the Schlieren-method, it was possible to fix the emission of powder particles from the laser exposure zone and evaluate their speed and expansion angle depending on the laser processing parameters, type of material, and particle size distribution. To study the emerging vapor-gas flows, the interferometry method was used, as a result of which a spatial change in the refractive index of the gas medium was recorded. Based on the data obtained, the velocity of the jet was calculated and the flow geometry was determined. It is also shown that metal vapor makes up the majority of the observed flows.


The application of cine technics to cardiovascular radiology has become increasingly broad within the last decade (1, 4, 7, 10). Because of custom, lethargy, or lack of imagination, motion picture recording has not been strongly advocated in peripheral arteriography until recently (9). The present communication is designed to review our initial experience with this method briefly, describing the technic and defining its advantages as well as its limitations. Methods and Material With the Seldinger technic, a No. 205 or No. 240 polyethylene "J" catheter with side-holes is passed from the femoral or axillary artery into a position just above the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. Occasionally a red Odman catheter is helpful if the axillary route is employed. After an injection of 20 cc of 76 per cent Renografin, a single film or short serial filming run is obtained of the bifurcation of the aorta and iliac arteries, including the common femoral artery. Thereafter, bilateral femoral cine arteriograms are ob...


During the process of 2,3-butanediol production by means of Serratia marcescens,lysate,which made up from biomass,instead of yeast extract used as nitrogen source in culture medium was studied.In shake flask fermentations,the production of 2,3-butanediol was 39.3 g·L-1,corresponding to the production using yeast extract as nitrogen source;the production of 2,3-butanediol with lysate prepared by recycling biomass more than once as nitrogen source was slightly less.In fermentation of 3.7 L bioreactor,a 2,3-butanediol level of 109.2 g·L-1 was obtained from 221.95 g·L-1sucrose,and the transformation efficiency and productivity of 2,3-butanediol achieved 0.492 g·g-1 and 2.6 g·L-1·h-1,respectively.


Until recently, Northern Himalayan states like Himachal Pradesh of India were free from the hold of dengue. But a new threat looms with introduction of dengue to comparatively cooler areas of the country. It has been postulated in view of climate change phenomenon that dengue will also become a major public-health threat in Himachal Pradesh in the years to come. Therefore, Assessment of impact of climate change on dengue should be undertaken which will help in quantification of additional burden of the disease and population to be affected at district level. It will also help in early preparedness for coping with the projected effect of climate change on dengue in the vulnerable hot spots. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 11(1):42-43.


This paper presents an algebraic approach to design the control law of a LTI observer used to stabilize a LTI plant with an output delay. Different than the existing work, we use the observer gains to influence the plant stability. This becomes possible simply by removing the delay terms from the observer part. Given the plant controller gains, our approach can find the parametric regions with respect to the observer controller gains so that gains selected from these regions make the combined plant-observer system asymptotically stable independent of the amount of delay in the plant. An example with simulations is provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed observer design.


This study examines the subnational flow in foreign direct investment (FDI) to Mexican states, with a focus on the finished vehicle industry. Although prior studies have examined subnational FDI in Mexico, research on the automobile sector has been scant. Utilizing a framework associated with the theory of asset specificity, we examine the influence of human capital and labor conditions, infrastructure, subnational policies, and security. The study employs a data set on finished vehicle FDI across 31 states and the Federal district for the period of 2004–2014. We adopt a two‐part model. The first part, which includes all states and the Federal district, is estimated with pooled logistic and Firth logistic regressions. In the second part, we examine variation in levels of FDI among states selected for investment with pooled ordinary least squares with panel‐corrected and Driscoll Kraay standard errors. Labor conditions are significant for both state selection and levels of FDI, but education is influential only in the selection stage. In addition, states with trunk rail lines linked to the U.S. border are more likely to be selected and receive higher FDI. After controlling for these influences, murder and homicide rates, and state development have no significant effects.


The invention relates to a live working helmet type simulation training system and a live working helmet type simulation training method. The system comprises a system cabinet, a data glove, three-dimensional display interactive helmet and execution simulation software and a computer device, wherein the system cabinet is used for installing and supporting components of the system; the data glove is used for providing various types of operation in a virtual environment for a trainee and transmitting the operation information to the computer device; the three-dimensional display interactive helmet and execution simulation software is used for sensing location information of the trainee and transmitting the location information to the computer device; and the computer device is used for processing the data. The training method comprises the following steps that: after the trainee enters a simulation scene of the system, tool selection operation, visual angle switching operation and catching operation are executed; and the system judges whether the operation is correct, provides operation marks of the trainee and displays the operation marks to the trainee through the display. By the invention, the trainee can be trained in the simulation environment after the trainee selects live working parameters, so an effect of enhancing the living working capability of the trainee can be achieved.


Finite element alternating method have been suggested and used for assessing the integrity of cracked structures. In the paper, in order to analyze arbitrarily shaped three dimensional cracks, the finite element alternating method is extended. The cracks are modeled as a distribution of displacement discontinuities by the displacement discontinuity method and the symmetric Galerkin boundary element method. Applied the proposed method to three dimensional crack included in the elbow, the efficiency and applicability of the method were demonstrated.


Records were collected on 425 cows and progeny at the Southeast Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station, Parsons that were involved in a two breed rotational crossbreeding program since 1980. The rotational crossbreeding system utilized the Angus and Simmental breeds. Statistical models for birth weight, gestation length, weaning weight and yearling weight were elucidated from the collected data. Eighty-two observations were used to calculate heterosis values for birth weight, gestation length, weaning weight and yearling weight. Heterosis values were calculated using least squares means from SAS General Linear Models procedures. Herd, year of birth, sex and percentage of Simmental were the largest sources of variation in the birth weight model. Age of the calf at weaning was the most important factor in determining weaning and yearling weight models. Herd, year of birth, sex and percentage of Simmental were also important in the weaning and yearling weight models. Twenty-six F. calves were produced in the study in which 15 were Simmental sired and 11 were Angus sired. Average gestation length was 287 _+ 2.69 d for these calves. Average weights for birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight for these calves were 36.3 + 1.91 kg, 256.3 + 8.33 kg and 324.0 +21.61 kg, respectively. Calculated heterosis for birth weight was 8.31%, -.3% for gestation length, 5.05% for weaning weight and 5.39% for yearling weight in 50% Angus, 50% Simmental calves. All values were in close agreement with those found in the


This paper proposes an optimal survey design method for multiday and multiperiod panels that maximizes the statistical power of the parameter of interest. The method addresses balances among sample size, survey duration for each wave, and frequency of observation. Higher-order polynomial changes in the parameter are also addressed, allowing us to calculate optimal sampling designs for nonlinear changes in response to a given policy intervention. After developing the survey design method and showing numerical simulation results, an empirical analysis is conducted using data from the German Mobility Panel, which is an excellent ongoing multiday and multiperiod survey. In the empirical analysis, we identify optimal survey designs for capturing the impacts of policy interventions on trip generation. One of the most important findings in this study is that variation structure in the behavior of interest strongly influences how surveys are designed to maximize statistical power, while the type of policy to be evaluated does not influence it so much. We also point out several important research issues for the future.


The article briefly introduced the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the Poyang lake.Well designed the controlling method:without molluscicidal,marshland isolation and farming prohibition.Therefore,it could reach the goal of keeping snail from harm and making the grassland in the lake region clean,getting the infectivity index of water body effectively decreased.


In 2012,artificial intelligence,taken as an elective course by 160,000 students from 190 countries,boomed the development of massive open online course (MOOC).MOOC lies on the highquality contents,short videos,massive discussion between students,and intense radiation,all of which are in line with the requirements of China basic medical education standards,and are conductive to course integration and fostering students' capabilities of self-study and clinical thinking.Blending teaching,combining the core elements of MOOC with traditional teaching,will promote medical education reform.And the widely spreading form of the Internet will promote the common development of the medical education in different regions.

Key words:
Massive open online course (MOOC);  Medical education;  Course integration; Discussion teaching


Two digestion procedures were compared in order to obtain an accurate method for the determination of As in mussel products using platform in furnace Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectrometry. One procedure was based on dry mineralization of the samples and the other on microwave-oven sample digestion in closed polytetrafluoroethylene reactors. Microwave-oven digestion with HNO3 and H2O2 allows the accurate determination of As in certified oyster and mussel tissue samples and provides results comparable to those found by dry mineralization of real mussel product samples, with a sensitivity of 3.9 absorbance units per µg ml–1 and a relative standard deviation of 5% in the analysis of samples containing 8 µg g–1 dry mass of As. Experimental conditions for the determination of As in real samples were optimized and a series of real samples analysed in order to determine the analytical characteristics of the proposed procedure. Sample treatment time was reduced from 2–3 d using dry mineralization, to 20 min per sample using microwave-oven digestion.