The long range and low-power operation of Low- Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communication technologies make them an attractive choice for many Internet of Things (IoTs) use cases. Among existing LPWAN technologies, Long Range (LoRa) is most popular. LoRa PHY layer supports a number of communication settings. The PHY layer settings impact coverage, reliability, and energy consumption. LoRaWAN is the standard MAC layer for LoRa, and the LoRaWAN documentation recommends using LoRa PHY layer setting that provides long range and higher resilience against interference. However, the communication setting's long range and higher resilience against interference result in higher energy consumption and lower data rate. There also exists the LoRa PHY layer communication setting that can yield fastest data rate and low energy consumption, however it reduces coverage and reliability. As the fastest data rate setting results in shorter coverage and lower energy consumption, therefore here we investigate the use of multi- hop communication along with the fastest data rate setting to exactly match the coverage of LoRa PHY layer setting recommended by LoRaWAN. We extensively evaluated our multi-hop communication setups against the LoRaWAN communication setup and its recommended PHY layer communication setting. In our experiments, we analyze the impact of different data traffic generation models and different node densities on a LoRa network's performance. Moreover, we also analyze the impact of the number of relaying nodes at different multi-hop levels on a network's throughput, reliability, and energy consumption. Our results demonstrate that our multi-hop communication setups can provide up to $13$ times higher packet delivery ratio and up to $60\%$ lower energy consumption compared to the LoRaWAN communication setup and its recommended communication setting.


After the beginning of the democratic changes the number of civil organizations in this country has increased considerably, causing a heightened scientific interest in the forming non-commercial sector. The variegated character of the organizations constituting it, however, renders the unequivocal determination of its scope difficult and creates conditions for conducting studies with low rate of validity. In this context the differentiation of the various concepts, which have entered the literature and practice as synonyms of the non-commercial sector is a step towards the clarification of its boundaries and nature. Defending the proposition that their parallel existence reflects different levels of structuralization, in the present article there is offered a variant of their criteria-based identification.


This paper describes the assist force control of semi-active assist system "Smart Suit" for horse trainer. We developed a soft and flexible power assist device named "Smart Suit" for reducing horse trainers' physical fatigue in their horse training works in order to prevent their spine or legs injuries. The smart suit is a kind of semi-active and flexible power assist devices. In order to gain the suitable assist force for periodical horse trainers' motion, the assist force control method based on the periodical input control was developed in this study. Also, for stabilizing their horse riding motion, we developed the assist force control method considering their dynamic stability by controlling their center of gravity on the zero moment point (ZMP)which is the dynamic stable point.


With the integration between power network and information network, the observability and controllability of modern power grid are improved, which has become a typical cyber physical system, However, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the actual information network and power network, so it is difficult to realize the overall perception of the power network. In this paper, a partial information network growth and evolution model is proposed, it can make up for the imperfection of information network, and realize the overall perception of the power grid. further research shows that it improves the ability of the power cyber physical system to resist the cascading failure.


I am a graduate research assistant working in the field of experimental gravity under the supervision of my advisor, Dr. Gabriela Gonzalez. I have been a member of LIGO Detector Characterization group since 2018 and have spent time at the LIGO Livingston Observatory (LLO) during the third Observing run. My work with Anamaria Effler at LIGO Livingston (LLO) and Robert Schofield at LIGO Hanford (LHO) led to the recognition of the Slow Scattering noise couplings in the detector and the consequent massive reduction in the noise during the second part of O3. Following this, I focused on improving the identification of Fast Scattering noise in the detector. This involved retraining GravitySpy, a machine learning framework to classify transient noise in aLIGO. Next I discuss the details of these two projects which led to improved sensitivity of the detector and better noise characterization.


Justification is given for establishing a genetic register system as a means of ascertaining and preventing genetic disease. Such a computerized register system, referred to by the acronym `RAPID' (Register for Ascertainment and Prevention of Inherited Disease), has been established in Edinburgh. The system involves ascertaining individuals in the population at risk of having a child with a serious genetic disorder through various record systems and statutory registers. Procedures for contacting and following up individuals found to be at risk are discussed. Computer methods for the recording, storage, and retrieval of individual and family data are described. Because of population mobility and the geographical dispersal of family members a Genetic Register System is more likely to be effective if organized on a national basis and the authors would therefore welcome the collaboration of other geneticists in this venture.


The article deals with some compositional peculiarities of the novel in verse «Eugene Onegin». Pushkin uses mounting techniques which perform a special function — they are means of the semantic organization of the literary work. They also report about the additional thematic content. There is a plotline of Tatiana and Lensky and the story polyphony of the novel in the foreground of the article.


Here, we report a new strategy to fabricate high performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) by doping gallium (Ga) both in channel (In2O3) and dielectric (Al2O3) layers. The influence of Ga doping on the microstructure and surface morphology of In2O3 films, as well as the oxygen defects states and electrical properties of Al2O3 films have been systematically investigated. The results show Ga doping frustrates In2O3 crystallization and flattens film surface. As for Al2O3, Ga doping increase the dielectric constant, reflective index and decrease the leakage current density. Furthermore, metal oxide TFTs were developed when using In2O3:Ga as the channel and Al2O3:Ga as the dielectric layers. The devices show improved electrical performance and enhanced positive and negative bias stress stability than undoped devices.


With the proliferation of smartphones, participatory sensing using smartphones provides unprecedented opportunities for collecting enormous sensing data. There are two crucial requirements in participatory sensing, fair task allocation and energy efficiency, which are particularly challenging given high combinatorial complexity, tradeoff between energy efficiency and fairness, and dynamic and unpredictable task arrivals. In this paper, we present a novel fair energy-efficient allocation framework whose objective is characterized by min-max aggregate sensing time. We rigorously prove that optimizing the min-max aggregate sensing time is NP hard even when the tasks are assumed as a priori. We consider two allocation models: offline allocation and online allocation. For the offline allocation model, we design an efficient approximation algorithm with the approximation ratio of 2 - 1/m, where m is the number of member smartphones in the system. For the online allocation model, we propose a greedy online algorithm which achieves a competitive ratio of at most m. The results demonstrate that the approximation algorithm reduces over 81% total sensing time, the greedy online algorithm reduces more than 73% total sensing time, and both algorithms achieve over 3x better min-max fairness.


Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium are important causes of foodborne illness. Methods for simultaneous detection of these serovars may contribute for the adoption of measures to prevent these diseases. The polymerase chain reaction to detect individually or simultaneously the serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium in foods have been standardized; however, the majority of assays employ the fliC gene as a target for detection of serovar Typhimurium. The detection of these sorovars in a few hours allows the food supply chain to take appropriate measures to prevent the distribution of contaminated food. The aim of this study was to develop a new multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Salmonella spp., S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in chicken meat. The mPCR assays showed high specificity and differentiated S. Typhimurium from 22 Salmonella serovars tested, including S. Kentucky, showing that it's an alternative to reduce the time required to obtain presumptive positive results.

Practical Applications
The fliC gene used as target for the detection of serovar Typhimurium is questionable as it has also been described for S. Kentucky. The amplification of STM4492 gene in this study, instead of fliC gene, exhibited high specificity to detect S. Typhimurium. The developed mPCR is an efficient means for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Salmonella spp., S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in chicken meat after 24 h of enrichment. The mPCR has the potential to be used in routine diagnostic laboratories to obtain presumptive positive results and for identification of Enteritidis and Typhimurium strains isolated by the conventional method.


The roles and functions of the university teachers requires teachers to establish a student-oriented class teaching thinking; teachers should guide students to establish professional learning goals as the driving force for students' learning, and strengthen the flexibility and rigidity of class management; beside love, university teachers should also well master the class working methods and conduct self-testing of teaching efficiency and improvement. Teachers must improve their professional knowledge and level.


2.1 Pigments The most obvious role of a pigment is to color the ink. However, pigments can also provide gloss, abrasiveness, and resistance to attack by light, heat, solvents, etc. Special pigments known as extenders and opacifiers are also used. Extenders are transparent pigments which make the colors of other pigments appear less intense, while opacifiers are white pigments, which make the paint opaque so that the surface below the paint cannot be seen. Common pigments used in the manufacture of printing inks are listed in Table 1.


A thoroughbred male horse was examined with history of impaired vision and severe lacrimation from left eye. Clinical signs such as conjunctivitis, photophobia, corneal opacity and epiphora were evident along with erratic migration of a worm. The worm was recovered by needle insertion technique without aspiration and surgical method. The collected worm was identified as Setaria digitaita. Complete healing of cornea was observed in a weeks period.


Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of microRNA (miR)-141 in lymphatic fluid, lymph node and tumor tissues of patients with papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), and its regulating mechanism on tumor infiltration and invasion. A total of 35 patients with PTC were included in this study: 23 cases with lymph node metastasis and 12 cases with no metastasis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of miR-141 and PTEN mRNA. PTEN protein expressions in lymph nodes and tumor tissues were detected by Western blot analysis, and the PTEN level in lymphatic fluid was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioinformatics prediction analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay were also performed. Compared with the normal adjacent control tissues, the expression levels of PTEN were significantly down-regulated, whereas the miR-141 expression level was significantly up-regulated in the papillary thyroid tumor tissues. Compared with the patients with lymph node metastasis, the expression levels of PTEN in the papillary thyroid tumor tissues, lymph nodes and lymphatic samples were even lower in the patients without lymph node metastasis. Bioinformatics prediction analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-141 directly targeted PTEN 3'-untranslated region. Down-regulated expression of PTEN in tumor tissues, lymph nodes and lymphatic fluid of PTC patients might be related to the up-regulated miR-141 expression. MiRNA-141 may regulate the infiltration, invasion and lymph node metastasis of PTC via regulating PTEN.


Over the past few decades, fabrication of optimal nanostructures for detecting specific bio-entities remained an active area of research. It is well-known that the structure and the plasmonic properties of noble metal nanoparticles can be customized for specific applications such as biosensing, diagnosis, imaging, etc. by tuning the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Thus, by using the plasmonic property of noble metals, the detection at the nano-scale is possible by monitoring the shift of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) band with respect to the changes in the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. The present study is aimed to the evaluation of the quality and performance of two nano plasmonic platforms for detection and capture of exosomes. 5–8 The first platform is fabricated by de-positing colloidal Au nanoparticles on a glass substrate by the thermal convection method, followed by morphological tuning of the formed nanoparticles to nano-islands by annealing at 560 ◦ C. The second is the nano-composite platform prepared by the in-situ reduction of Ag ions in the silver nitrate solution by the curing agent of the PDMS polymer. This study is carried out in order to choose the most sensitive platforms to detect and capture the nano-sized exosomes. The exosomes are rich sources of associated biomarkers, containing specific proteins, mRNA, miRNA, rRNA, DNA and thus having the potential for early cancer detection along with the information on the tissue and cell of origin.


In this paper a new class of maps called minimal gp-continuous, maximal gp-continuous, minimal gp-irresolute, maximal gp-irresolute, mini- mal-maximal gp-continuous and maximal-minimal-gp continuous maps in to- pological spaces and study their relations with various types of continuous maps.


Atherosclerosis is a disease of medium to large arteries where the artery wall thickens because of the accumulation of lipid, cells and debris. A key feature is the presence of macrophages that are filled with cholesterol. This cholesterol is primarily derived from the endocytosis of modified LDL (mLDL) particles. In LDL particles the cholesterol occurs as cholesteryl esters (CE); a cholesterol molecule esterified to a fatty acid (FA). In early phases of the disease, the LDL cholesteryl ester is digested in the lysosome and the resultant free cholesterol (FC) is transported out of the lysosome. Excess sterol is reesterified to a fatty acid in the cytoplasm and is stored in lipid droplets along with triglycerides (TG) in the cytoplasm. The cells become so full of lipid droplets that they appear foamy and so are called foam cells. The cytoplasmic storage of lipid is well documented in early atherosclerosis. However, in late stages of the disease, sterol accumulation in the lysosomes disrupts normal lysosome function and both free and esterified cholesterol accumulates creating large, lipid-engorged lysosomes. These dysfunctional lysosomes disrupt normal macrophage function and exacerbate the atherosclerotic disease.


Introduction: Adolescent population at the crossroad of childhood and adulthood start to pick lifestyle related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods: To find out the prevalence of lifestyle associated cardiovascular risk factors and risk correlates a study was conducted among 452 adolescent students of class IX-XII of four higher secondary schools; males 247(54.64%), females 205(45.36%) using a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire to find out cardiovascular risk factors viz. smoking, physical activity, dietary practices; blood pressure, weight, height was measured; BMI was calculated. Result: Hypertension was in 12.61 percent adolescents (male 16.59%, female 7.80%; private schools 19.27% Government aided schools 7.69%). Overweight was in 7.74 percent (male 8.90%, female 6.34%; private schools 15.62%, Government aided schools 1.92%). Obesity was in 3.98 percent (male 4.04%, female 3.90%; private schools 8.85%, Government aided schools 0.38%). Insufficient physical activity was in 15.70 percent (female (23.41%), male (9.31%); double in private (21.87%) than Government aided schools (11.15%). Of the 1.32 percent smokers, all were male (2.42%) and from private schools (3.12 %). Mean systolic blood pressure was 112.08±13.51 mm Hg; mean diastolic blood pressure was 72.49±8.51 mm Hg. Consumption of obesogenic foods more than three servings per week and at least three days in a week were fast food (55.53%), sweets(44.46%), ghee and butter(22.56%), red meat(6.41%), cold drinks(3.09%), ice cream(4.86%); protective foods were fruits (57.74 %) and vegetables ( 84.29%).Significant difference existed in risk factors between gender and schools. Conclusion: Our study findings indicated that prevalence of lifestyle related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were hypertension, physical inactivity, overweight or obesity in rural Bengal that calls for optimum intervention strategies to be expanded.


Many animal species use sound to orient in the environment, detect predators, and communicate with conspecifics. Auditory systems have evolved to enable these behaviors, permitting the detection, localization, and discrimination of acoustic events. This chapter provides an overview of auditory systems and behavior in a variety of animal species, including insects, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Emphasizing a comparative and evolutionary perspective, the chapter details features of the auditory pathway—from the ear to central structures involved in the processing of acoustic stimuli. Anatomical pathways and physiological response characteristics of neurons at different stages of the auditory pathway are described. The chapter also reviews behavioral measures of auditory function, emphasizing studies of absolute hearing sensitivity, frequency selectivity, temporal resolution, sound localization, and scene analysis. Comparisons of auditory system anatomy, physiology, and function across species reveal exquisite specializations but also many common principles across the animal kingdom.

Keywords:

auditory pathway;
ear;
evolution;
psychoacoustics;
spectral processing;
temporal resolution


In this paper, a novel BP-CMAC neural network classifier for the classification of liver diseases is proposed. The BP-CMAC neural network takes the advantages of the back-propagation (BP) and CMAC networks. It utilities the CMAC to simplify the input space and forwards to the BP network as inputs. Therefore, it can reduce the memory allocation for CMAC network, and speed up the learning process. The BP-CMAC is used to construct the liver disease diagnosis system for testing the liver cyst, hepatoma, and cavernous hemagioma. The overall distinction rate is about 87% even though the symptoms of hepatoma and cavernous hemagioma are very similar.


The phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis is not essential for the highly specific acyl chain composition of biliary PC. We evaluated whether the PEMT pathway is quantitatively important for biliary PC secretion in mice under various experimental conditions. Biliary bile salt and PC secretion were determined in mice in which the gene encoding PEMT was inactivated (Pemt−/−) and in wild-type mice under basal conditions, during acute metabolic stress (intravenous infusion of the bile salt tauroursodeoxycholate), and during chronic metabolic stress (feeding a taurocholate-containing diet for 1 week). The activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme of PC biosynthesis via the CDP-choline pathway, and the abundance of multi-drug-resistant protein 2 (Mdr2; encoded by the Abcb4 gene), the canalicular membrane flippase essential for biliary PC secretion, were determined. Under basal conditions, Pemt−/− and wild-type mice exhibited similar biliary secretion rates of bile salt and PC (∼145 and ∼28 nmol/min/100 g body weight, respectively). During acute or chronic bile salt administration, the biliary PC secretion rates increased similarly in Pemt−/− and control mice. Mdr2 mRNA and protein abundance did not differ between Pemt−/− and wild-type mice. The cytidylyltransferase activity in hepatic lysates was increased by 20% in Pemt−/− mice fed the basal (bile salt-free) diet (P < 0.05). We conclude that the biosynthesis of PC via the PEMT pathway is not quantitatively essential for biliary PC secretion under acute or chronic bile salt administration.


This paper first introduces the background and the current situation of BOSS for Telecom Enterprise. The definition of BOSS is given through analysing the reference model for TSS .Meanwhile ,the relation of BOSS TMN and BOSS TOM is discussed.The enterprise integrative system is designed using the OOD method and multi-tier system framework .


Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) can focus the ultrasonic energy on a targeted tissue to achieve ablation. In this study, we propose a convolutional neural network (based on Tensorflow) based upon deep learning to detect the position bars to registry the coordinate of MR and HIFU systems, instead of the traditional detection algorithm. The results show that the model achieves the average precision (AP) of 95.6% with the precision of 99.0% and the recall of 99.0% at a score threshold of 0.5.


The invention discloses a thin film antenna. The thin film antenna comprises a non-metal thin film and a conducting layer, wherein the conducting layer is attached to the non-metal thin film; the non-metal thin film is approximately in a quadrangular shape and comprises a first edge, a second edge, a third edge and a fourth edge, the first edge is opposite to the third edge, and the second edge is opposite to the fourth edge; the conducting layer comprises a left strip-shaped edge and a right strip-shaped edge which vertically stretch from the first edge to the third edge, and the left strip-shaped edge and the right strip-shaped edge are parallel to each other and are spaced from each other by a distance; the conducting layer also comprises two symmetrical substructures which are respectively connected with the left strip-shaped edge and the right strip-shaped edge and are in axial symmetry by taking a central axis of the distance as a symmetric line. By specifically designing a pattern of the conducting layer of the thin film antenna, the thin film antenna disclosed by the invention not only can be used for simultaneously receiving electromagnetic waves in a UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band and a VHF (Very High Frequency) band, but also has better performance in the VHF band and the UHF band.


In this study, it is emphasized that sufficient measures are not taken in violence against healthcare professionals in Turkey, that seriously affects employee health and negatively affects the functionality of health services in terms of quality.


, the effect of the β-aryl group on the ketene-formingelimination was assessed.Key Words : Elimination, E2 and E1cb Mechanism, β–Aryl Group effectIntroductionExtensive studies of the structure-reactivity relationshipsin the ketene-forming elimination reactions have led to thequalitative understanding of the relationship between thereactant structure and the mechanism.


The present design relates to eye cream cosmetic container with airless pump, and more particularly, children cosmetics directly faces the user as a cosmetics container of cream only equipped with a hemispherical tip of the nozzle without using your hands or other makeup tool not only to bars, the upper part usually does not use the cosmetic by having an airless pump that works pushing the side is the entrance of air and debris completely shut off from the outside to prevent contamination and deterioration of the cosmetic and, in the pump in use was always a certain amount of cosmetics as much as discharge exactly convenient to operate and is also on the eye cream cosmetic container with airless pump allows efficient use. As it consists of a cylindrical inside while having a storage space 11 for storing ever kept an eye cream cosmetics stores that milpan (12) is installed, the vessel (10); The storage sealing cap 20 having a discharge passage (21) as installed in the top opening of the container (10) and; Phase of the sealing cap (20) body at the same time the body 33 and 33 are installed and fastened at the top to the cover 31, having a pumping chamber 32, the lower portion of the suction valve 38 and discharge valve inlet port 34 and the discharge port having the 39 (35) are formed, respectively, side installation in a state where operation button 37 is exposed to the outside are installed elastic by a spring 36 within the pumping chamber 32 are the airless pump 30 to pump the contents to the ever-press operation; The cover 31 to extend from the upper portion by a predetermined length, which is installed in the vertical and the nozzle tip 41 is a tip 42 formed into a convex shape as formed to be inclined to form the nozzle tube (40) and; Lid 50 that opens and closes the upper portion of the ever (10) for the storage: it consists of. Cosmetic containers, container, airless pump bottle of eye cream, eye cream container cosmetics, eye cream.


A germatrane with a Ge–NCS bond has been isolated and characterised by X-ray crystallography and molecular spectroscopy; [graphic omitted] exhibits the shortest known Ge–N bond distance amongst germatranes and the first 13C–14N coupling [J(13C–14N)= 21.0 Hz] in a five-co-ordinate germanium compound.


Crustal movement modeling and analysis is one of the major tasks in the earth system science. In this paper, a distributed system for simulating the crustal movement was developed. The crustal movement simulation system (CMSS) is designed based on multi-agent system (MAS). Such a simulation system is composed by a number of independently controlled parallel robots, and each robot represents a crustal plate. To achieve smooth and accurate motion without slipping and sliding, realtime coordinate control of the multi-agent system is essential. Based on the MAS, a general approach for formation constrained coordinated motion control scheme is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the network-based MAS control method is verified through simulation.


Performance of an automatic speech recognition system degrades drastically when there is a mismatch between training and testing conditions. The aim of robust speech recognition is to overcome the mismatch problem so as to result in a moderate and graceful degradation in recognition performance. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of an automatic speech recognition system, describe sources of speech variability that cause mismatch between training and testing, and discuss some of the current techniques to achieve robust speech recognition.


The assessment of potential risks posed by formaldehyde in clothing to consumers is of increasing concern worldwide,for free formaldehyde is harmful to human. Some papers focus on hazard and exposure assessment,using quantitative and semi-quantitative method, rather than assessment for the factors related to formaldehyde content. In order to perform early-warning research and risk management,the quantitative risk assessment is used to analyze the imported textile testing data and find the factors related to formaldehyde content. K-means algorithm is the core of the method. It can be concluded that the disqualified textiles have relations with main fiber components,fabric color,season month,and brand. Then the data in the same attribute are clustered by Kmeans algorithm. The different classes are defined as related danger level,respectively severe,moderate,and light.


We appreciate the comments of Abston et al in response to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Medicaid policy statement.1 As lead authors of the statement, we offer the following reply. We agree that all pediatricians are responsible to provide highquality, equitable care. The AAP is opposed to discrimination in the care of any patient.2 Pediatricians should provide medical care for underserved children including those enrolled in Medicaid as well as the uninsured, immigrant, homeless, and migrant.3 Pediatricians also should address the needs of their patients and all children in the context of the community.4 Finally, we also should continue to transform our private and public pediatric health care systems to emphasize value.5 Pediatricians have made a strong commitment to children enrolled in Medicaid. Nationally, a majority of pediatricians accept all Medicaid patients.6 On average, 30% of a pediatrician's patients are covered by Medicaid.7 In general, pediatricians serve more Medicaid patients than do other primary care physicians.8 All physicians and society are also responsible for ensuring that all children are treated equitably. In particular, policy makers should address low payment and paperwork concerns to ensure sufficient primary care physician capacity to appropriately serve children who are enrolled in Medicaid.6 The AAP is committed to improving child health and reducing the gap in health disparities among populations of children in the United States and the world, in particular among children living in poverty and other groups of marginalized children. In partnership with the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, the AAP has established the Equity Project to ensure that all pediatricians and providers of child health services understand the issues and experience of marginalized children and health implications of inequity and have the capacity for resolving health disparities among children; this project also seeks to advance the understanding of the genesis of health disparities and raise the national profile of the health implications of inequity through research and the development of relevant public policy.9


A novel technique is proposed for the vortex control in the wake of a freely vibrating bluff body. The essence of the technique is to create a local perturbation on the surface of the body using piezoelectric actuators, thus modifying interactions between the flow and the structure. A square cylinder, flexibly supported on springs at both ends, was placed in a uniform flow and allowed to vibrate laterally. Three actuators were embedded underneath one side, parallel to the flow, of the cylinder. They were simultaneously activated by a sinusoidal wave, thus causing the cylinder surface to oscillate. Measurements were conducted at the synchronization condition when the vortex shedding frequency f s coincided with the natural frequency of the fluid-structure system. As the perturbation frequency fp of the actuators falls in the synchronization range, both particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence flow visualization captured dramatically enhanced vortices shed from the cylinder. The circulation of these enhanced vortices doubled


The increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy sources like Photovoltaics (PV) may form a threat to reliable grid operation. PV-systems impede load balancing due to the intermittent and uncontrollable power production. The development of highly accurate forecasting techniques is essential to support a high PV penetration rate in the local electricity grid. This research examines the performance of different machine learning (ML) models that autonomously predict day-ahead power production of individual and aggregated PV-systems. The forecasting models are developed by considering historic power production and regional predictions of weather metrics. The method allows to generate site specific forecasting algorithms that inherently account for site characteristics including size, orientation and shading and is independent of such input. In the research we evaluate the accuracy of the forecasting models for 152 PV-systems individually and for different levels of aggregated systems. With a skill score of respectively 41.4% and 41.3% Gradient Boosting and Random Forests are found to outperform the other models. This is closely followed by the Feed-forward Neural Network and Kernel Support Vector Machine models. Moreover, the results show the value of aggregating PV sites in day-ahead power forecasting as the mean absolute error and the root mean square error of each ML model improve by at least 18% and 20%.


The invention relates to a method for at least one ID in a token (106) stored attribute, wherein the ID-token is associated with a user (102), comprising the steps of: - authentication (207) of the user (102), to which a telecommunications chip card (300) is associated with at least one identifier to the ID-token, - building (208) a protected compound (172) between the ID-token and a first computer system (136), the assembly of the protected compound by the interaction of the telecommunications chip card (300) having a server computer system (306) is effected . - authenticating (210) the first computer system (136) to the ID-token via the protected compound, and - after successful authentication of the user and the first computer system to the ID-token read access (212) of the first computer system to the at least one stored in the ID-token attribute for transmitting the at least one attribute over a network (116).


We describe a 1-inch aperture pointing system realized with a rope transmission driven by geared stepper motors for operation at the surface of Mars. The system is intended to serve in the Fourier-transform spectrometer to observe both the sun through the atmosphere and the thermal emission of the atmosphere. The scanner covers a full 2π field of view (the upper hemisphere). The accuracy of 0.1 mrad (~21 arcsec) for the sun tracking is achieved using an automatic control system with an IR array sensor (3232) in the loop. The optics of the pointing system consists of three flat mirrors and a germanium inlet window. The mass of the subsystem does not exceed 0.8 kg. The design accounts for the necessity of dust protection in the Martian environment. The effect of a finite accuracy of the pointing and tracking on the instrument signal to noise ratio is modeled.


Handover, as a resource consuming process, is an important issue in mobile communications which can highly affect the overall performance of the LTE networks. Since the handover process mainly relies on four main entry condition parameters, optimizing these parameters will in turn improve the handover process. In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of the four handover parameters by measuring the resulting downlink throughput and number of the required handovers. We furthermore determine the optimized values of the parameters through implementing different sets of experiments. Finally, by applying the obtained optimized parameters on two main LTE handover algorithms i.e. A3RSRP and A2A4RSRQ, their performance is compared regarding to different speeds of the mobile equipment. We determine how to accurately select the optimal settings for the parameters so that greater LTE performance can be achieved.


High-performance, byte-addressable non-volatile main memories (NVMMs) force system designers to rethink tradeoffs throughout the system stack, often leading to dramatic changes in system architecture. Conventional distributed file systems are a prime example. When faster NVMM replaces block-based storage, the dramatic improvement in storage performance makes networking and software overhead a critical bottleneck.

In this paper, we present Orion, a distributed file system for NVMM-based storage. By taking a clean slate design and leveraging the characteristics of NVMM and high-speed, RDMA-based networking, Orion provides high-performance metadata and data access while maintaining the byte addressability of NVMM. Our evaluation shows Orion achieves performance comparable to local NVMM file systems and outperforms existing distributed file systems by a large margin.


The invention discloses an additive for electrolytic copper foil, and a production technique of the electrolytic copper foil for a double-light lithium ion battery. The additive is an aqueous solution containing a brightener SPS (Sodium 3,3'-dithiodipropane sulfonate) and collagen, wherein a concentration of the brightener SPS is 5-15g/l, and a concentration of the collagen is 1-10g/l. The production technique comprises the following steps of 1) sending a raw copper rod with impurities removed by annealing to a copper dissolving pot, spraying a sulfuric acid solution on a copper plate, allowing the copper plate to be dissolved and to generate a copper sulfate electrolytic solution, and adjusting the content of ions in the copper sulfate electrolytic solution, 2) filtering the treated copper sulfate electrolytic solution, sending the copper sulfate electrolytic solution to a solution cleaning groove, adding the additive for the electrolytic copper foil to the solution cleaning groove, and transferring the copper sulfate electrolytic solution to which the additive is added to an electrolytic groove for electrolysis, generating the foil, and 3) conducting anti-oxidation treatment on the electrolyzed copper foil in an anti-oxidation groove, electroplating on the surface, forming an anti-oxidation coating, trimming, obtaining semi-finished copper foil, checking, packaging, and obtaining the finished copper foil.


A series of diacetylenic monomers containing at least one aromatic substituent were synthesized. Since the aromatic side group is a rigid, pyrimidyl ring, it is necessary that the other side group has a high degree of flexibility to permit polymerization in the monomer single crystal. Among the five monomers synthesized, only 8-[[(butoxycarbonyl)methyl]urethanyl]-1-(5-pyrimidyl)octa-1,3-diyne (BPOD) monomer crystals turned into a polymer upon γ-irradiation with 68% monomer-to-polymer conversion. Poly(BPOD) is metallic red as polymerized and highly soluble in chloroform and undergoes a dramatic color transition from red (λ max =510 nm) to purple (λ max =599 nm) upon the addition of a nonsolvent such as hexane


Coexistence of monoclinic and tetragonal domains is evidenced in a (001)-cut Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.61Ti0.39O3 (PMNT39%) single crystal from temperature dependent observation of domain structures and dielectric permittivity. The coexistence persists until the crystal transforms into the cubic phase near 455 K. As temperature increases, the monoclinic domains progressively transform to the tetragonal phase via polarization rotations of monoclinic distortions. This causes increasing volume of the tetragonal domain matrix as temperature increases before the cubic phase takes over.


"Cellular memory" is defined as the capacity of living tissue cells to memorise and recall characteristics of the body from which they originated. Organ transplantation has applied the advances of technologically driven orthodox medicine for more than 50 years. However, its only in recent years that the recipients of donated organs have begun to report strange phenomena atypical newfound memories, thoughts, emotions and preferences that are uncharacteristic, i.e. that "seem not to belong" to the recipient. These phenomena are new and often upsetting to the organ recipient; they are perceived to "belong" to their donor. How could this be, and has the phenomenon of "cellular memory" any applications in medicine?


We report pleiotropic actions of the interleukin‐6 family of cytokines on a rat cerebral cortical oligodendrocyte cell line, Central Glia‐4 (CG‐4). This is a bipotential oligodendrocyte type‐2 astrocyte (O‐2A) progenitor cell line that can be manipulated in vitro to become either a type‐2 astrocyte or to follow a linear sequence of events into becoming a mature oligodendrocyte. Using Northern and Western analyses in conjunction with immunocytochemistry we have demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) cause a transient increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in oligodendrocyte type‐2 astrocyte (O‐2A) progenitor cells. At maximal cytokine concentrations, the largest increase in GFAP protein levels were observed for CNTF and LIF; albeit, IL‐6 did increase GFAP but the order of magnitude was 6‐7 times less. Moreover, in trophic factor deprived medium, CNTF and LIF protected immature (O4+/MBP−) and mature (MBP+) oligodendrocytes from the apoptotic mode of cell death, while IL‐6 had no effect in enhancing oligodendrocyte cell survival. Analysis of the cytokine‐induced early response genes (ERGs) revealed a strong degree of overlap for CNTF and LIF. The effect of IL‐6 was different in the degree to which the ERGs were up‐regulated and in their temporal patterns of expression. These findings suggest that ERGs may be important, at least in part, for determining the extent of functional overlap observed within this cytokine family. Our findings clearly demonstrate differential regulation of oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation by the IL‐6 family of cytokines.


This paper presents a novel method to enhance the pattern characteristics of the TEM horn antenna for 2−19 GHz frequency band. The conventional TEM horn antenna introduces some fluctuations in the main lobe radiation pattern over the center frequencies, which are 10−15 GHz. This motivated us to propose a new method to remove the aforementioned impact by carving an arc shape to the open end of exponentially tapered plates. The associated curvature of this arc is optimized to completely remove the aforementioned fluctuation. The simulation results show that the improved TEM horn antenna structure exhibits low VSWR as well as good radiation pattern over 2−19 GHz frequency band.


The present invention relates to a connection structure of a railway car using a magnetic levitation principle; All of the first connector being on the inner circumferential surface doedoe provided at the rear side of the rail vehicle the magnetic coil is wound around a groove portion is formed, doedoe provided in the whole of the rear rail car such that the magnetic coil and the repulsion generated is inserted into the groove of the first connector It characterized by comprising a second connector that is provided with the electromagnet. According to the invention, prevent the impingement caused because of a rotation during operation of the railway car, and reduces the noise and can be the driving rail vehicles and the like curved tracks free to rotate. In particular, the first and prevents the vibration and noise when the magnetic coil and the magnet of the second connector and prevention, as well as the first connector and the second by using a magnetic levitation principle that all connection to the railway car and a rear rail car to minimize wear due to friction of the physical connection period has the effect of reducing the maintenance cost of a railway vehicle comprising first and second connector.


This paper describes the construction of a positive ion source of the electrodeless discharge type and may be divided into two main topis; (1) the radio frequency oscillator and power amplifier and associated power supply and (2) the ionization chamber.


This paper describes the participation of the CBNU team at the TREC Clinical Decision Support track 2015. We propose a query expansion method based on a clinical semantic knowledge and a topic model. The clinical semantic knowledge is constructed by using medical terms extracted from Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and Wikipedia articles. The word and document topics are generated by using a topic model for a document collection. The proposed methods achieved 0.2327 and 0.3033 in the inferred NDCG on Task A and Task B, respectively.


the extractive firm. Furthermore, data on American and Canadian firms used in this analysis are from the period 1960 to 1974 and thus are said to circumvent a problem affecting 1935 to 1959 data used in another analysis, namely, that the earlier data were affected by a world war. One wonders whether Church considered the Vietnamese engagement. Finally, Church concludes (p. 127) that in a variety of cases more than lOÔ o of the corporate tax is shifted but states that the "specification of the theoretical and empirical model makes it impossible to ascertain what portion of the tax is shifted forward to consumers and what portion is shifted backward onto purchased inputs." So someone ultimately pays more than the full amount of the tax, but we don't know who does so. The above remarks are not intended to disparage, but rather to flesh out the broader issue this book suggests: the limits of scientific policy analysis in areas marked by technical and political complexity. Issues of nonrenewable resource regulation are and will remain important. The reader who wants a well-written and comprehensive introduction to tax policy in this area, based on a review of existing research plus original work by the author, will be well served.


Thrombomodulin (THBD) is a transmembrane protein that regulates endothelial function by 1) binding thrombin and inhibiting its interaction with fibrinogen, 2) augmenting protein C activation, and 3) down-regulating complement activation by inactivating C3a and C5a (PMID 29866818). Reduced THBD function has been implicated in several vasculopathies (PMID 29866818). Oxidative damage increases cleaved non-functional THBD in circulation and increased circulating non-functional THBD predicts the severity of organ damage in thrombotic microangiopathies (PMID 11190905). Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark feature of sickle cell disease (SCD) that leads to acute and chronic organ damage and may, in part, be mediated by hemolysis (PMID 28248201). Hemolysis leads to release of cell-free hemoglobin which may lead to vasculopathy through consumption of NO, activation of TLR4 pathways, and direct oxidative damage. We investigated whether decreased THBD activity may be implicated in the pathophysiology of SCD vasculopathy in endothelial cells, transgenic sickle mice, and in a prospective cohort of patients with sickle cell anemia.
 In vitro: We exposed endothelial cells (EA.hy926, ATTC® CRL-2922TM; Manassas, VA) to incremental doses of cell-free hemoglobin. With higher doses of cell-free hemoglobin we observed reduced surface endothelial cell THBD activity at 6 hours of incubation, assessed by cleavage of chromogenic substrate for activated protein C in the presence of thrombin (Figure 1A). In conjunction with the reduced endothelial THBD activity, there were increased concentrations of cleaved THBD in the supernatant by ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) (Figure 1B).
 Transgenic sickle mice: At 6 months of age, transgenic sickle mice (Townes model, Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine) had higher plasma concentrations of cleaved non-functional THBD versus hemoglobin AA mice (Figure 2A). Furthermore, staining of the glomerular microvasculature demonstrated decreased endothelial-bound THBD (Figure 2B).
 Patients with sickle cell anemia: We evaluated whether plasma concentrations of cleaved non-functional THBD are predictive of acute multiorgan failure syndrome (PMID 8109600) in a cohort of 103 SCD patients recruited into a longitudinal kidney cohort study. Clinical and laboratory variables and plasma samples were obtained at the time of enrolment and the patients were monitored prospectively for acute multiorgan failure syndrome. Hemoglobinuria was defined by urine dipstick positive for blood with < 2 red blood cells/high power field. The median age of this cohort was 35 years (interquartile range, 28 - 44 years), 46% were female, 87% had hemoglobin SS genotype, and 47% were on hydroxyurea at the time of enrolment. In cross-sectional analysis, plasma THBD concentrations were greater in patients with hemoglobinuria, a marker of intravascular hemolysis-derived cell-free hemoglobin in circulation exceeding scavenging capability and filtering through the glomerulus, versus without hemoglobinuria (6.1 ± 0.6 µg/mL vs. 3.6 ± 0.4 µg/mL, P = 0.004) (Figure 3A). With a median follow up of 5.5 years (interquartile range, 1.4 - 5.9 years), 18 (17%) SCD patients had a multiorgan failure event. SCD patients with a multiorgan failure event were older (43 vs. 34 years, P = 0.01) but without significant differences in sex, SCD genotype, or hydroxyurea therapy. After adjusting for age, baseline THBD concentrations predicted a greater risk for multi-organ failure syndrome (log-transformed OR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.2 - 13.3; P = 0.01) (Figure 3B).
 In conclusion, circulating non-functional THBD, a protein that normally functions to reduce vasculopathy when bound to the endothelium, is increased after endothelial cell exposure to incremental doses of hemoglobin in vitro, in hemoglobin SS vs. AA mice, and in SCD patients with versus without hemoglobinuria. Furthermore, circulating THBD is a biomarker that predicted the risk for multi-organ failure syndrome on longitudinal follow up in SCD patients. Future studies investigating the role of THBD in SCD vasculopathy may help improve our understanding for the catastrophic multiorgan failure syndrome and therapies to augment endothelial cell THBD function may guide future intervention practices.
 Figure 1

 Gordeuk: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Emmaus: Consultancy, Honoraria; Global Blood Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Modus Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Research Funding; Inctye: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Ironwood: Research Funding; Imara: Research Funding. Saraf:Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Research Funding.


The modern capitalist development model, based on technology and economics, insatiably drives us towards competitiveness and the search for unrestrained riches, which stems from the old desire for patriarchal power. This results in a model that at present not only punishes several groups, such as women, but also makes it unsustainable in the long term. Critical ecofeminist theory is a counterpoint to this capitalist and patriarchal model. It argues that, based on the feminist approach, elements such as the EU "precautionary principle", freedom of choice in motherhood, food sovereignty or environmental education in childhood are the principles that guide society's actions towards sustainable development.


OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to confirm the hypothesis that people who were born and raised on cities at altitude have a smaller proximal femoral canal. METHODS: Prospective study with 169 participants, divided into two groups. Group A: 99 patients who were born and raised at altitude and group B: 70 patients who were born and raised at low altitude. All patients underwent panoramic radiographs of the pelvis, where we marked three measure and checked the thickness of the cortical and the lateral and medial cortical, as well as the thickness of the femoral canal. RESULTS: We noticed that the first measure showed no significant difference in both groups, but the second measure, the lateral cortex, is thicker in group A, and the femoral canal is smaller in comparison to group B. CONCLUSION: We concluded that patients who were born and raised at altitude have a smaller femoral canal. This may help in proper planning of future surgical procedures, especially in total hip arthroplasty cases. Level of Evidence II, Development of Diagnostic Criteria in Consecutive Patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).


An aircraft has a geometrically transformable pilot compartment, and further parts including a fuselage boom, wings and tail, wherein at least one of these parts are movable between an unfolded position in which it is ready for flying and a folded position in which it is accommodated in the pilot compartment.


Frequently Asked Questions ELL Progress Indicator FAQ: Information on the English Language Learners Progress Indicator, a new accountability indicator for 2011. AEIS FAQ: Information on a school or district's performance, and how to understand the Academic Excellence Indicator System reports. P


Quasi-neutral ion beams interact with background gas through the diffusion of neutrals into the beam and their subsequent collisions with ions and electrons. Slow ions resulting from ion-neutral charge exchange reactions gain energy in the local electric field, with higher axial momentum of the atom-ion system produced as a result of the charge exchange reaction. An analytical model has been developed to estimate neutral density distribution in and around the ion beam, and the effect on ion beam thrust generation as a function of the neutral background density. The model predicts non-uniform neutral density distribution inside the ion beam, nonlinear thrust dependence on background density, and significantly reduced in-space thrust levels for medium and high power Hall thrusters relative to ground test results. The effect is substantially less for gridded ion engines.


At the 13th International Snow Sculpting Championship in Breckenridge, CO, Jan 28. - Feb.l, 2003, Team Minnesota, USA, consisting of the above five authors, carved a 12-foot tall, twisted Scherk Collins Toroid celebrating a 7-year collaboration between Brent Collins and Carlo Sequin. This paper describes the concept, the detailed design, and the implementation of this very temporary piece of art. Figure 1. "Whirled White Web, " International Snow Sculpting Championships, Breckenridge, 2003.


In type-IIb semiconducting diamond an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, which is labelled C-NL1, is observed. For detection of the resonance low sample temperatures (T<4K) and the application of a large uniaxial stress (P approximately=1 GPa) are required. The spectrum can be analysed with an effective spin J=3/2 and a spin Hamiltonian including terms depending on the magnetic field and on the strain. From the angular dependence of the magnetic field at resonance the spectroscopic splitting factors are determined, g1'=1.10 (+or-0.05), g'2=+0.01(+or-0.02), and the ratio of the deformation potentials d'/b'=1.55 (+or-0.05). By analogy to the corresponding characteristics of shallow acceptors in silicon, the resonance is associated with the neutral acceptor (boron) in p-type diamond. The width of the resonance can be explained as due to broadening by random internal strains.


It is the direction that constructing subway on cities is to solve the problem of traffic.Shielding method is advanced technology on subway with shield-driver tunneling;convergence monitoring is good method on shield-driver tunneling.Based on this,the main characteristic and safe observation method of tunnel shield engineering are analyzed.The application and precision of convergent observation method are studied combined with the actual example.


Taking Clematis 'Duchess of Edinburgh' as test material,the effects of different concentrations of two exogenous hormone GA3 and PP333 on flowering of Clematis 'Duchess of Edinburgh' were studied.The results showed that GA3 in different concentration gradient delayed flowering date of Clematis 'Duchess of Edinburgh'.200 mg/L GA3 delayed flowering 36 d,100 mg/L GA3 delayed flowering 34 d,50 mg/L GA3 delayed flowering 22 d.The effect of PP333 on flowering date was not very obvious,200 mg/L PP333 delayed flowering 9 d,100 mg/L PP333 delayed flowering 7 d,50 mg/L PP333 had no effect on flowering date.The influence of two exogenoushormones on single flower opening time had no significant.A higher concentration of GA3 reduced the average number of flowers,while higher PP333 increased the average number of flowers.Both of two exogenous hormones decreased flowers' average diameter and stalks' average length,GA3 changed double flower of 'Duchess of Edinburgh' into single flower,these had certain impact on the quality of the flowers.


In this article, we present an educational proposal designed to work on spatial geometry and three-dimensional thinking with students in the last years of Primary Education. The proposal is comprised of several activities that combine the use of a classroom videogame and working with manipulative materials to create a representation of the videogame in the real world. The final goal of the sequence is to design levels that could be incorporated into the video game. This exercise enables students to work on visualization and positioning in three-dimensional structures and on a problem-solving task.


The author intends to describe the meaning of the term "forensic examination" and to discuss its competence. The main conclusion made is that the competence of forensic examination may be defined only when the fact investigator knows what special knowledge is necessary and what examination objects have to be presented for an expert to get full and truthful expert conclusion.


The degradation and adsorption behavior of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in methanogenic phase refuse was investigated through laboratory microcosm experiments. The results showed that the half-life of DBP in the sterilized refuse was 5.9 times higher than in unsterilized samples, but that it decreased by 35.8% when dominant bacterial strains were added. Different concentrations of DBP did not have obvious effects on its degradation. The half-lives of DBP were decreased by 53.0%, 37.2% and 20.8% when the refuse moisture increased from 20%, 40% and 60% to 80%, respectively. The pH of refuse was an important factor influencing DBP biodegradation, with the optimal pH being around 7.0. The optimal temperature for DBP degradation in refuse was around 30°C. In addition, the Freundlich model fits the adsorption and desorption isotherm of DBP for refuse with n values that suggest nonlinear adsorption characteristics. The free energy change ΔG value (−23.5 kJ mol −1 ) indicates that the adsorption of DBP on refuse was a physical reaction. Desorption hysteresis was observed in the DBP desorption experiments. Overall, the results indicate that DBP may accumulate in refuse, and that its transformation and bio-availability may be limited under landfill conditions.


The Republic of Azerbaijan, as the largest nation state in the South Caucasus Region, has the potential for developing and using renewable sources of energy in order to support the environmental challenge resolution associated with climate change, improving the environmental situation in the country. Solar photovoltaic (PV) comprises one of the direct usages of solar energy. In this paper, a sustainable PV usage scenario in residential houses was introduced to reduce negative environmental effects in land use, water consumption, air pollution, etc. It was recommended by the author that PV systems can be part of function and design of residential building components, such as roofs, walls and windows. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.71.4.12070


Objective Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory autoimmune-induced disease that primarily affects the epidermis and dermis of the external genital-anal region. Intense and recalcitrant pruritus is the hallmark of LS. Physical exam reveals thinning, hyperkeratosis, and parchment-like appearance. However, the classic symptom and signs of LS may not always be present and patients may be asymptomatic for pruritus. Hence, we describe 15 misdiagnosed cases with atypical clinical presentations. We believe that the absence of pruritus contributed to their initial misdiagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of atypical presentations of LS. Methods Data base review of de-identified clinical case pictures was performed. All patients had histopathology-confirmed diagnoses of LS. The data base file contains 800 cases of vulvovaginal disorders. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) considered that searching a de-identified data base of pictures did not require IRB approval. Results We identified 15 different atypical clinical cases. Patient ages were 18–75 years old. These patients were asymptomatic for pruritus and were misdiagnosed before they presented to the vulvovaginal specialized clinic. Conclusion Fifteen patients asymptomatic for pruritus with histopathology-confirmed diagnosis of LS were identified. They illustrate atypical clinical presentations that LS may have.


The detection and the recognition by an animal of objects in its surroundings are based on its ability to measure spatial contrasts in brightness and-in certain cases-also in colour. The synthesis of electrophysiological and psychophysical data shows that-in spite of the morphological diversity in optical structures-the functioning of the sensory systems that enable animals to perceive brightness- and colour-contrasts is identical throughout the animal kingdom.


Evapotranspiration rates in Denmark were estimated using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data and weather conditions predicted by a high-resolution weather forecast model (HIRLAM). The predictions were used both for atmospheric correction of satellite data and for remote sensing based calculation of net radiation, sensible heat fluxes and evapotranspiration rates. Climate predictions at 12 GMT were used as proxies for the atmospheric conditions at the time of the afternoon satellite passage (12.30–14.30 GMT). The air temperature at the time of the satellite passage was retrieved with a rms error of 1.9°C, and the rms error of the retrieved air humidity was 204 Pa. The evapotranspiration results were significantly influenced by the spatial distribution of weather conditions. Due to the encirclement of Denmark by sea shorelines, sea breezes extending more than 30 km inland were responsible for the intrusion of cooler air temperatures which increased the sensible heat fluxes and suppressed the evapotranspiration rates. The predictions were linearly related to eddy-covariance flux measurements representing agricultural land, beech forest and conifer forest, but the relationships were also characterized by a large degree of scattering. The results are discussed in relation to inaccuracies and future perspectives.


Sensors and wearables that monitor physiological data in fitness and healthcare applications are becoming more and more popular. More particularly the use of high signal-to-noise ratio Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) could represent a breakthrough in terms of enhanced detection capability and portability in many applications used for physiological signs monitoring such as Photopletysmography (PPG) and Continuous Wave Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (CW-fNIRS). Here we report on the performance of SiPMs optimized for the aforementioned applications through the integration of suitable optical filters for background light rejection. We will show how the use of the filters results also in a relevant impact on the detector's optical cross talk and dark current.


This paper looks at consensus and dissent between governments and opposition parties in Denmark. The country is characterised by minority governments and cooperation at the same time. One of the major strategies for minority governments to pass legislation is to negotiate legislative agreements with opposition parties. With legislative roll call data, this paper finds support for the argument that such settlements are ways for political parties to handle cooperation and conflict simultaneously.'


Objective. To carry out the first in the Republic North Ossetia - Alania clinical epidemiological study of environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) in the indigenous population. Material and methods. We have analyzed results of a questionnaire survey of 110 patients with MS and 110 matched controls. Results. We have identified statistically significant differences between the type of diet of MS patients and controls in different age periods, as well as the most significant infectious risk factors for MS. Conclusion. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors, infectious diseases and type of diet play the most important role.


Human resources, the most important and valuable factor, are from different sources of organization and conflict is a phenomenon that has positive and negative effects on the performance of individuals and organizations. The ability to deal with the conflict and its management is of a great importance to the success of the managers of the organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational memory and management of organizational conflicts among Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari social security staff. The research method is descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari social security and the sample is 150 with Cochran formula. For measuring the variables, a researcher-made organizational memory questionnaire and Stefan Robbins organizational conflict management questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method and validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by content method. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data using SPSS 19 software. The results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between 5 components of organizational memory (personal skills, mental models, organization structure, data retrieval and information recording) and management of organizational conflicts among Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari social security staffs. Keywords: Organizational memory, Management of organizational conflicts, Social security organization.


In recent years, heavy metal pollution in soil has become a serious problem. Remediation technologies have been developed, such as physical remediation, chemical remediation, microbial remediation and other technologies. Among them, phytoremediation has been widely used in practice. In this paper, the present situation of heavy metal pollution in soil in China, the research progress of remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by hyperaccumulators are reviewed, to help with follow-up research in this area.


Thank you very much for downloading a shadow born of earth new photography in mexico. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this a shadow born of earth new photography in mexico, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


In order to improve bond strength and fire retardant of inorganic adhesive based on sodium silicate for plywood manufacturing,modified nano-montmorillonite(MMT)was added to the adhesive.The results showed that MMT could improve bond strength and fire retardant of the plywood considerably.Thermal stability of inorganic adhesive increased.Compared with the control samples,the total heat release(THR),total smoke production(TSP),heat release rate(HRR)and CO production rate(COP)of the plywood also decreased.


Reverse logistics plays a significant role in reducing electrical and electronics equipment waste (e-waste) problem by returning some valuable or hazardous parts back to the distributor or producers. This paper implemented reverse logistics facility's location problem to find the optimum location of e-waste treatment facilities. E-waste treatment facility location was determined in two phase. First, facility location model is developed to find the optimum location for e-waste treatment facility from the e-waste collecting points using K-means clustering and centre of gravity algorithm. Once the treatment facility location is decided, e-waste collection vehicle routing model is developed using saving matrix algorithm to minimize collecting distance. This paper was developed in three scenarios, based on e-waste collection problem in Jakarta. It is found that multi e-waste treatment facilities, gave the shortest collection distance compared to single and restricted area facility scenarios.


Aim: To determine the accuracy of diffusion weighted MRI in the detection of acute cerebral infarcts, in patients with neurological signs of stroke, by comparing with CT findings Duration & place of study: This study was conducted from 2nd November 2011 to 1st may 2012 in the department of radiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study Methods: Total 66 patients of acute stroke were included. At presentation, CT brain and diffusion weighted MRI was done to see the accuracy. Results: Total 66 patients were selected for study. The mean age of patients was 50.38 years with standard deviation of 13.011 years. Out of 66 patients, 37 (56.06%) were male and 29 (43.94%) patients were female. DWMRI had sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 67%. CT scan had sensitivity of 64%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 97% and negative predictive value of 4%. Conclusion: Diffusion weighted MR imaging of brain is highly accurate in the diagnosis of acute stroke and provides superior lesion contrast compared with that of CT scan imaging.


The ultraviolet absorbent 2,4,4′-trihydroxybenzophenone was prepared by use resorcin,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phosphorus oxychloride as materials in medium sulfolanc solvent with zinc chloride anhydrous as catalyst.The influences of temperature,catalyst and the molar ratio of raw materials on the yield of the product were studied through experiments.The result shows that the optimum conditions are as follows: reaction temperature is from 65 to 70 ℃,the molar ratio between resorcin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid is 1∶0.81,volume of POCl_3 is 19 mL,mass of zinc chloride anhydrous is 22 g,the product is flaxen powder solid and its melting point is between 195 and 197 ℃,the yield of product is above 73%.Elemental analysis and IR characterizes the structure of the product,which show that products synthetized are the objective products.


The first (1784) edition of John Wesley's abridgment of The Book of Common Prayer, The Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America, is a puzzle. The copies have different texts. The differences are found on pages 135-36, 141-44. One variant text has the rubrics for the manual acts in communion (p. 136), the prayer of reception and the rubric for the sign of the cross (signation) in infant baptism (p. 142); the other omits them. The question is, "Which version did Wesley intend to send to America?" In the physical makeup of the volumes there were different printings for the variant pages. A set of substitute pages (called cancels) was printed on a separate sheet. In the binding process the original leaves were cut out and the substitutes were tipped into the binding. Of the extant copies some were bound this way, and some with no cancels tipped in. l Thus we have two versions of the same edition.


The second edition of this book has been extensively revised and expanded from the first edition, which appeared four years earlier. In the previous edition, the lens and glaucoma were combined in a single chapter; retinoblastoma, phakomatoses, and the optic nerve were included in the chapter on fundus diseases. In the new edition, a separate chapter is devoted to each of these important topics, making the book 97 pages longer (and more expensive). The reproductions of black-and-white clinical photographs and photomicrographs are better in this edition. In general, the photomicrographs are well chosen and accurately labeled. Tables, diagrams, and schematic drawings are excellent. The text is well organized, clear, concise, and a pleasure to read. The references are relatively complete and up-to-date. The book covers the material presented in an unusually good basic science course in ophthalmic pathology. It is for the student of ophthalmology and the clinician who is


The purpose of this paper is to show that modern cities must be attractive to be competitive for investors, tourists and residents. The pivotal question is how they build their attraction and what factors are important for investors. The article characterizes the term cities and problems which will be a barrier to the development in the cities.


Common bean in sub-Saharan Africa is an important crop for food security and nutrition. It plays a big dietary role to both rural and urban households. It is a major food and cash crop in Ethiopia and has substantial national economic. It is often grown as cash crop by smallholder farmers and used as a major food legume in parts of the country where it is consumed in different types of traditional dishes. The value of haricot bean in terms of economic return and food security increases with the use of recently adapted varieties that have better yield and resistance to disease and moisture stress whereas the improved varieties are lacking in the study areas. Therefore, participatory demonstration of improved haricot bean technologies was conducted in two potential midland districts of Guji zone in 2020. The main objective of the study was to popularize improved haricot bean variety at midlands of Guji zone. Adola Rede and Wadera districts were selected based on their potential to grow haricot bean and two peasant associations from each district were selected in criteria of their accessibility. Participatory approach was followed to implement the activity. 15 farmers of gender inclusive were established as FRG at each peasant association. From one FRG, three experimental farmers were nominated based on their consent to provide sufficient and suitable land for experiment. An improved haricot bean of Ibbado variety with one commercial variety was planted on selected farmers' land with a single plot size of 10 m x 10 m. Recommended seed rate of 100 kg ha with a spacing of 40 cm and five cm between rows and plants were used respectively and an inorganic fertilizer (NPS) rate of 100 kg ha at planting time. Farmers, DAs, SMSs, and different stakeholders were participated on organized training, field visit &joint monitoring and evaluation and field day on which two-way communication encouraged and experience was shared. Quantitative data such as yield and knowledge change of the farmers were analyzed using independent t test and paired sample t test respectively whereas farmers' feedbacks were analyzed qualitatively. Costs and income gained were analyzed using excel. The result of this study showed that mean difference in knowledge score before and after experiment was significantly higher. An average yield of, 23 quintals ha and 12.4 quintals ha for improved haricot bean and commercial respectively. The improved variety also revealed a yield advantage of 85.48% and incremental benefit cost ratio of 19.27 over the commercial. Therefore, recommended for up scaling. However, there is a need for seed of Ibbado variety. So, BoARC should focus on multiplying improved haricot bean of Ibbado variety. Any seed multiplier organizations like unions and cooperatives should give due emphasis for Ibbado seed.


Abstract This paper is about how people are learning to 'make themselves up' in response to the market's new algorithmic ways of seeing. More specifically, it explores how the self-datafication of informal financial relations is being used to affect the calculation of credit score. I argue that credit score functions as a legal technology of arbitration beset with contradictions that are giving rise to inchoate struggles over the distribution of calculative agency in consumer credit markets. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of credit building peer 'lending circles', the paper explores how financially marginalized groups and financial inclusion advocates are reacting to the blind spots and biases of credit-scoring algorithms through compensatory and transgressive data-generation practices.


From the angle of communication technology,this paper works to combine and analyze Karl Marx's and Marshall McLuhan's opinions on technology,which are apparently different.Based on their respective ages and technology media,and upon the analysis of their different research on "what is technology or medium" as well as the comparison of their different angles of focus,this paper helps to figure out the delicate similarity between the two opinions and to represent Marshall McLuhan's "The Medium is the Message".


PURPOSE
Of the study was to examine the ranking of radiographs and bone scans in the diagnosis of osteitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
115 patients with arterial occlusive disease in stage Fontaine i.v. were referred for examination of the peripheral skeletal parts of the lower extremity. 126 radiographs and bone scans were taken. The time between the two examinations was 10 days maximum to enable direct comparison. Leukocyte scintigraphy was employed as gold standard.

RESULTS
The sensitivity of radiographs was 47% with a specificity of 91%. Sensitivity and specificity of bone scans was 78% for both values. The positive predictive values for radiographs and bone scans were 88% and 85%, the negative predictive values were between 80% and 97%.

CONCLUSION
In the majority of cases osteitis can be diagnosed with relatively inexpensive methods such as conventional x-rays and bone scans. Only in unclear cases further examinations such as leukocyte scintigraphy or magnetic resonance imaging should supplement the diagnosis.


The surface quality and processing time for insole shoe orthotic (iso) made from EVA rubber foam (erf) is highly dependent on the input machining strategies during a CNC milling process. This paper aims to clarify the application of Fuzzy Logic integrated with the Taguchi method to minimize the surface roughness and maximize Material Removal Rate (MaRR) that for iso product with erf based on CNC Rolland Modella machines. In this research, the input parameters specified are feed, DOC, and the composition of erf. In Taguchi method, orthogonal array design L824 which consists of three factors and mix level and S/N will be calculated. S/N ratio of roughness and MaRR will be entered into the system of fuzzy logic and output received is multi response performance index (MRPI) with application ANOVA, DOC and feeds. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the optimal level for Erf is level 2 (3rd Slice), feed is level 2 (2000 mm/min) and DOC is level 1 (2.5 mm) with the Ra=9.679 μm and MaRR=61,200,000 mm3/min.


Sweeping-type algorithms have recently gained a lot of interest for the solution of highfrequency time-harmonic wave problems, in particular when used in combination with perfectly matched layers. However, an inherent problem with sweeping approaches is the sequential nature of the process, which makes them inadequate for efficient implementation on parallel computers. We propose several improvements to the double-sweep preconditioner originally presented in [18], which uses sweeping as a matrix-free preconditioner for a Schwarz domain decomposition method. Similarly, the improved preconditioners are based on approximations of the inverse of the Schwarz iteration operator: the general methodology is to apply well-known algebraic techniques to the operator seen as a matrix, which in turn is processed to obtain equivalent matrix-free routines that we use as preconditioners. A notable feature of the new variants is the introduction of partial sweeps that can be performed concurrently in order to make a better usage of the resources. As these modifications still leave some unexploited computational power, we also propose to combine them with right-hand side pipelining to further improve parallelism and achieve significant speed-ups. Examples are presented on high-frequency Helmholtz and Maxwell problems, in two and three dimensions, to demonstrate the properties of our improvements on parallel computer architectures.


The mycolactone core structure 2a has been prepared through ring-closing olefin metathesis from diene 3 with exquisite E selectivity. The preparation of diene 3 included a highly efficient stereoselective synthesis of carboxylic acid 5. The mycolactone core structure 2a may serve as a versatile intermediate for the synthesis of mycolactone and analogues thereof.


An improved rotary transducer (60) featuring a rotary member (2) rotatably mounted in a housing (4). Member (2) is preferably provided with a section (8) adapted to enhance measurement of stresses or other parameters of interest imposed upon member (2) under operating conditions preferably by means of one or more strain gages (32) forming one or more legs of a wheatstone bridge preferably mounted on member (2). Excitation voltage for the wheatstone bridge and/or the output voltage therefrom is delivered across an electromagnetic field between a magnetic stator member (16) fixed to housing (4) and a rotor member (18) secured to member (2). Stator member (16) comprises two magnetic stator members (34, 34') having respective asymmetrical facing surface portions adapted such that selective rotation of one relative to the other changes the configuration of an air gap therebetween within which rotor member 18 rotates and thereby changes the electrical reluctance of the magnetic coupling field between rotor member 18 and stator members (34, 34' ) to provide control over the magnetic coupling field and the excitation voltage or signal being transferred thereacross.


CANCER RISK AMONG PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND THEIR PARENTS To the Editor: Bahmanyar et al.1 report that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a decreased overall cancer risk but an increased risk for brain cancer. No altered risk was detected in first-degree relatives of patients with MS. This is unexpected because the incidence of gliomas has been considered inversely correlated with altered immune responsiveness and specifically allergies.2 The distribution of histologic diagnoses of the 131 patients with brain tumors was not provided.1 We treated 6 patients with MS and glial brain tumors in the last 6 years (table 1). Patients 1 and 4 had a family history of MS. Bahmanyar et al. argue that the chronic inflammation in the brain associated with MS may promote tumorigenesis.1 They also propose that the neuroimaging monitoring of patients with MS renders the early diagnosis of brain tumors more likely, as illustrated by our patient 4. While the authors acknowledge that immunosuppressive treatment might promote cancerogenesis, they also contend that this would not explain the differential risk alterations with a decreased overall cancer risk and enhanced risks only for cancers of brain and genitourinary tract.1 However, states of immunosuppression are strongly related to the development of brain lymphomas, and there is also controversial evidence for an increased incidence of gliomas in patients with HIV infection.3 Furthermore, one of our patients was diagnosed with a glioblastoma 5 months after the initiation of natalizumab. Natalizumab therapy is also associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a typical complication of AIDS and associated with deficient immune surveillance in the brain.4 Finally, the impact of glioma-specific treatments such as brain surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy on the course of MS is interesting. For instance, surgery and radiotherapy are likely to promote the liberation of brain-specific antigens which might promote autoimmunity, (i.e., relapses) in MS. We noted that MS was diagnosed 4 months after the completion of RT in patient 6, which may indicate a temporal relationship. Conversely, chemotherapy (e.g., using temozolomide) would be expected to reduce disease activity similar to other cytotoxic agents such as mitoxantrone or cyclophosphamide. Given the extensive series of brain tumor patients included in Bahmanyar and colleagues' data, we wonder if they could address some of the controver-


Association rule mining has been data important problem in data mining,a lot of useless data in Association rule mining,has analysed whose cause ,has led into rapid and intense degree probability ,the value restraining by this,the affair concentrating affair rapid and intense associations of both item or being rapid and intense to a great extent look at and appraise connection excavates out,appearing being one kind of affair leads to whose dominant ideas surely or most another one kind of affair's appears,relation being connected according to this rapid and intense,The regulation being connected is concerned mark for rapid and intense ,high rapid and intense and the correlation being not rapid and intense. And the item carries out the experiment analysis on affair ,the experiment data indicates,new method can cut down futility's and intenseless Item.


• Quad SPI NOR flash: Includes legacy modes of singleor dual-bit data interface. • Twin-quad SPI NOR flash: Doubles the performance and density of a traditional quad SPI device. • XccelaTM flash: An octal SPI NOR flash device that enables designers to achieve up to 400 MB/s. • Quad SPI NAND flash: Similar to Quad SPI NOR flash from an interface-perspective; storage cell is NAND, which requires ECC (and which is on-die and built in these devices), and it comes in higher-density options. Applies to M7xA family.


The runoff characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollutants have drawn much attention from both domestic and overseas.Due to the absence of non-point source research in Hainan,the paper focused on nutrient loss,such as nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and organic matte(rOM),of tropical soils in three typical rivers:Wanquan river,Changhuajiang river and Nandujiang river in Hainan by using artificial sumulated rainfall together with runoff field methods,aiming at revealing the contribution of agricultural non-point source pollution to river water pollution.The results showed that,as for the soil runoff of soil erosion ratio the order was rainstormheavy rainmoderate rain.Under the same rain intensity,the runoff coefficient of Wanquan river was similar to that of Nadujiang river,Changhuajiang river was smallest;the soil erosion ratio of Wanquan river was largest,Changhuajiang river was smallest.Particulate phosphorus(PP)was the main form of nutrient loss under runoff erosion.However,dissolved nitrogen(DN)was main form of soil nitrogen runoff under smaller rainfall intensity,particulate nitrogen(PN)was the main form in heavy rain.The stronger the rain was,the higher the erosion ratio of chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN),DN and PN was.The erosion features of soil nutrient which was carried by soils in three river basins were similar,so was the erosion ratio of N,P and organic matter.Slope,rainfall intensity and soil characteristics contributed to the losses of agricultural non-point source pollutants.


This working paper is about the politics of scholarship within black studies and black religion.1 Much of the impetus for this paper is derived from my graduate seminars in "Black Religion and Culture Studies." While teaching my seminars, I began to note that among students was a certain scholarly aesthetics, which was operating in their readings and questionings of texts. They were asking some very old questions, questions that I thought we, who have been dealing with deconstructing race and race theory in religion for some time, had put to rest. Their questions were not very different from those on black experience and culture that informed and circulated throughout my generation of black scholars in black studies and black religion. Our questions about blackness were derivative of three powerful movements in the 1960s and early 70s that certainly informed my understanding of black scholarship. They were the Black Power, the New Black Aesthetics, and the Black Studies movements. I noticed the manner and urgency in which my students were struggling with old questions such as: What makes one black? Must black scholarship be political? Are black films, literature, and arts anything produced by a black person? To what extent may black scholars embrace multiculturalism as a mode of difference and remain distinctively black? Is not there something about being black that is shared with no other race? I heard them evoking W. E. B. DuBois's double consciousness in new ways, within a new moment, as they both affirmed and condemned representations of blackness in music videos, gangsta rap, and hip hop in contemporary black popular culture. The problem is this: after teaching race theory, black religion, and culture studies about twenty years, I kept asking myself: why do my students keep insisting on some articulation of black essentialism, when I keep telling them there is no such thing. I came to realize that their questions were not, to borrow from Peirce, just a matter of a cognitive itch or doubt, and despite the work that critical race


A funding organization and two grants were incorrectly omitted from the Funding Statement. The Funding Statement should read: "T.O.G. Tytgat and N.M. van Dam were partly funded by a VIDI grant, no. 864.02.001, of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) to N.M. van Dam. K.J.F. Verhoeven was funded by a VENI grant, no. 863.05.006, of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."


This study entitled "The Discipline and Punishment Concept in Veronica Roth's Divergent Novel". This study aims to identify and analyze how the issues of power, discipline and punishment are described in the story. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, namely by analyzing the data in the form of text and novel dialogue. The analysis uses, Disipline and Punish theory from Michel Foucault (1975). Through the analysis of the research in the novel, it was found that the discipline and punishments concept described in the story were carried out by each faction leader who had power over all members in the environment or territory of each faction. In this case, the main character must follow and obey the rules created by the leader of the facility as a form of discipline to get recognition and position as a permanent member. The results of this study indicate that discipline also applies punishment as one of the schemes so that each character becomes obedient and the rules made must also be adhered to by its members.

Keywords: literature, Discipline, Rules, Punishment.


A major challenge confronting pelagic fisheries management in Hawaii is to simultaneously achieve two different and possibly conflicting objectives: conserving protected species (sea turtles and sea birds) while maintaining a viable fishery. To illustrate the difficulty of achieving these objectives, recent regulatory policy—the prohibition of all shallow longline sets (that primarily target swordfish at depths less than 100 m), combined with a spatial and seasonal closure south of 15°N during April–May—substantially reduced incidental sea turtle takes, but probably contributed to a sharp decline of the ex-vessel revenue (from $50 million in 2000 to $33 million in 2001) accruing to the Hawaii-based longline fishery (HILLF). We have developed a nonlinear programming model to evaluate the impacts of existing and possible alternative policies on the HILLF. We did this by incorporating (i) recent data from stock assessment and ecological studies for pelagic species in the Pacific Ocean, and (ii) detailed economic factors, including ex-vessel fish prices, operational costs, labor costs, annual fixed costs involved in longline operations, and entry conditions for vessel owners, crews, and fishing trips. A specialized data management methodology was developed to support a flexible area, season, target, and species classification system for the model. The baseline case, in which the HILLF was assumed to be in an open access situation (i.e., where the fishing trips are allocated until the economic rent is dissipated) without any major regulatory actions, over-allocated longline sets by 27% in 1993 and 15% in 1998 compared to the actual data. This probably occurred because the model took no account of imperfect competition or inefficient allocation of fishing effort due to uncertainty in fish abundances and prices. However, the revenue per set, as a crude measure of productivity, suggests that the model predictions were similar to the actual. Although there was little change in the total number of sets from 1993 to 1998, the primary target shifted toward bigeye tuna (from 39% in 1993 to 63% in 1998). Because a tuna set (targeting bigeye tuna), in general, yielded less revenue with lower operating costs (despite its use of greater number of hooks deployed) compared to a swordfish set, this shift in the primary target resulted in a considerable decrease (13%) in the fleet-wide revenue from 1993 to 1998. The model predictions captured those changes. Moreover, the model overall accurately predicted the changes due to the recent management regulations for sea turtle conservation in terms of productivity and effort distribution by target and area. However, the actual total number of fishing sets was much more than the model predicted; in fact, it increased despite the aforementioned revenue loss caused by the tight regulations. Possible reasons include (i) the employment of foreign crew to reduce costs involved in longline operations, and (ii) considerable variation in CPUE and RPUE of major species as well as their market prices and weights. The model demonstrated its usefulness in analyzing the impacts of various regulatory policy options for the HILLF, such as time/area closures. Improvement in the accuracy of the model predictions depends on the availability of updated information from stock assessment and socio-economic studies.


The objective of this paper is to analyse and discuss the necessity of evidence-based coaching. Due to a paucity of empirical research in general and at least disputable no 'good quality' research in terms of a classical understanding, it is crucial to draw from other areas of established evidence-based practices. To be considered a real profession coaching at some stage of the intervention has to justify its existence and show evidence for its actions. It is argued that this can also be done through qualitative research from university-qualified coaches. Then the science ‐ practitioner model is illustrated as a mean to generate and consume coaching related research simultaneously. Finally, this quality research has to become more available and understandable to the wider society


ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular subtyping of Salmonella enterica isolated from food products and human patients with gastroenteritis. A total of 59 isolates were investigated, and the results revealed a predominance of S. Enteritidis with 57.63% (34/59) S. Gallinarum held second with 15.62% (5/32) of total food borne. While, isolates from humans showed 18.51% (5/27) of S. Typhimurium. High level of resistance to nalidixic acid was noted among food strains and 35.29% of human isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Eight representative isolates were subtyping using three molecular approaches, ribotyping, Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). MLST showed three sequence types corresponding to two clonal complexes, (ST-78, CC-4) for S. Gallinarum, (ST-11, CC-4) for S. Enteritidis and (S-367, CC-37) for S. Cerro. While, MLVA generated six different profiles targeting nine loci for S. Enteritidis and S. Gallinarum.


Scripting is an approach for constructing open applications from prepackaged software components. A scripting model characterizes and standardizes the interconnection interfaces of software components appropriate to an application domain. We present a scripting model for the domain of public administration applications, and we provide a scenario of scripting applications in this domain. This scripting model is being incorporated into a prototype visual scripting tool which provides a graphical editing facility for interactively scripting applications.


The permanent magnet synchronous motor offers the possibility of obtaining higher efficiency in a smaller motor size. However, it is difficult to vary the range of high motor efficiency because permanent magnets are used for the rotor to obtain a certain level of magnetomotive force. This paper proposes a variable characteristic motor that embodies a new concept of compound magnetomotive forces. The motor uses a special magnet arrangement that has the magnetomotive forces of components with different numbers of pole pairs. The application of compound current control to this motor makes it possible to vary the motor speed and torque characteristics. This paper describes the derivation of the theoretical equations for this compound magnetomotive force motor. It also presents the results of a FEA and experiments conducted with a test motor to demonstrate the validity of the fundamental concept of the proposed motor.


The generation of two new Walsh transforms in Gray code orderings from the straight binary code is shown. A recursive algorithm for Gray-code-ordered Walsh transforms is based on a novel operator called the bisymmetrical pseudo Kronecker product. The recursive algorithm is the basis for the flow diagram of a constant geometry fast Walsh transform in Gray code ordering. The algorithm is fast (N log/sub 2/ N additions/subtractions), is computer efficient, and is implemented in the iterative architecture.<<ETX>>