Certain higher order iterative procedures for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations require a separate procedure for determining starting values. Such is the case in the Adams and Milne methods. The work involved in programming the computation of starting values may be of the same magnitude as that required in programming the method itself. This paper shows that the three-point Adams formula leads to a method which may be considered "self-starting" in the sense that very minor modifications of the method provide starting values of sufficient accuracy for continuing the solution.
Let the equation under solution be <italic>y′</italic> = ƒ(<italic>y, t</italic>), and let the values <italic>y′</italic>(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>) = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>′, <italic>y′</italic>(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> + <italic>h</italic>) = <italic>y</italic>1′, <italic>y</italic>(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>) = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic>(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> + <italic>h</italic>) = <italic>y</italic>1, be given. The general three-point predictor-corrector process consists of estimating (in some unspecified way) a value <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>′ of <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>′ computing a first estimate <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt> by means of a closed three-point integration formula; obtaining the (presumably) better value <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>′ = ƒ(<italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>, <italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> + 2<italic>h</italic>); and then repeating the process until some convergence criterion is satisfied, either for <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>′ or for <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>.
 The process could have started by first estimating <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>, rather than <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>′. It is important to note that as long as the step size <italic>h</italic> and the first estimate <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>′ of <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>′ result in a converging process, the values to which there is convergence are independent of the method of prediction.
The Adams three-point formula is <italic>y</italic><subscrpt><italic>n</italic>+1</subscrpt> = <italic>y<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> + <italic>h</italic>/12[5ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt><italic>n</italic>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt><italic>n</italic>+1</subscrpt>) + 8ƒ(<italic>t<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic>, <italic>y<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic>) - ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt><italic>n</italic>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic>-1)]. (1) <italic>T<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic>, the single step truncation error, is given by <italic>T<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> = - <italic>h</italic><supscrpt>4</supscrpt>/24ƒ′′′(<italic>&xgr;</italic>), <italic>t</italic><subscrpt><italic>n</italic>-1</subscrpt> ≦ <italic>&xgr;</italic> ≦ <italic>t</italic><subscrpt><italic>n</italic>+1</subscrpt>. The quantities <italic>y<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic>, <italic>y</italic>′<subscrpt><italic>n</italic>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt><italic>n</italic></subscrpt>′, <italic>y</italic>′<subscrpt><italic>n</italic>-1</subscrpt> are assumed exact. Let the initial conditions <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>′, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> be specified for <italic>y</italic>′ = ƒ(<italic>y, t</italic>).
 As a first approximation, let <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(0)</supscrpt><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>′ = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>′, <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(0)</supscrpt><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>′ = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>′, <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(0)</supscrpt><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(0)</supscrpt><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>. The superscript zero in parentheses indicates that these are the initial estimates of <italic>y</italic>, <italic>y</italic>′. The starting procedure consists of performing corrective iterations in the forward (+1) and backward (-1) direction as follows: <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> + <italic>h</italic>/12[5ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>-1)</supscrpt><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>) + 8ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>) - ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>)], <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> - <italic>h</italic>/12[5ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>-1)</supscrpt><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>) + 8ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt>) - ƒ(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>)].
 (2) The superscript notation employed does not imply any order to the forward and backward iterations. In the following analysis, however, it will be assumed that the process starts with a forward iteration, and alternates thereafter.
It is necessary to show the conditions under which the process converges and the conditions under which the resulting values are accurate enough to warrant continuing the solution by the Adams method.
Let <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> be the value of <italic>y</italic> at <italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> to which the iterative process converges (if at all). The error at the <italic>i</italic>th forward iteration is defined as <italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt>, such that <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> + <italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt>.
 (3) The error in the backward direction is <italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt>, such that <italic>y</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> = <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> + <italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt>. (3′) Substituting the error definition into equation (2) yields <italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt> = 5<italic>h</italic>/12{ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> + <italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>-1)</supscrpt>] - ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>]} - <italic>h</italic>/12{ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> + <italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt>] - ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>]}, (4) <italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt> = - 5<italic>h</italic>/12{ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> + <italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>-1)</supscrpt>] - ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>]} + <italic>h</italic>/12{ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> + <italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt>] - ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>]}.
 Let <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> = ∂ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic>(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> + <italic>&xgr;</italic><subscrpt>1</subscrpt>)]/∂<italic>y</italic>, 0 ≦ <italic>&xgr;</italic><subscrpt>1</subscrpt> ≦ <italic>h</italic>, and (5) <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> = ∂ƒ[<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt>, <italic>y</italic>(<italic>t</italic><subscrpt>0</subscrpt> + <italic>&xgr;</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>)]/∂<italic>y</italic>, -<italic>h</italic> ≦ <italic>&xgr;</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt> ≦ 0. Let it be assumed that <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt> and <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> are insensitive to small changes in <italic>&xgr;</italic><subscrpt>1</subscrpt> and <italic>&xgr;</italic><subscrpt>2</subscrpt>; then, by the law of the mean, equations (4) can be written as <italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt> = 5<italic>h</italic>/12 <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt><italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>-1)</supscrpt> - <italic>h</italic>/12 <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt><italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt>, <italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>)</supscrpt> = 5<italic>h</italic>/12 <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt><italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>j</italic>-1)</supscrpt> + <italic>h</italic>/12 <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt><italic>α</italic><supscrpt>(<italic>i</italic>)</supscrpt>.
 (6) The order in which the iterations are performed may now be specified by letting <italic>i</italic> = 2<italic>k</italic> + 3, <italic>j</italic> = 2<italic>k</italic> + 2, <italic>k</italic> = -1, 0, 1, ···, ∞. Equations (6) can be reduced to a single equation in either <italic>α</italic> or <italic>β</italic>. Choosing <italic>β</italic> results in <italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(2<italic>k</italic>+4)</supscrpt> + 5<italic>h</italic>/12 (<italic>g</italic><subscrpt>-1</subscrpt> - <italic>g</italic><subscrpt>+1</subscrpt>)<italic>β</italic><supscrpt>(2<italic>k</italic>+2)</supscrpt> - 24<italic>h</italic><supscrpt>2</supscrpt>/12 <italic>g</italic><


Females have stronger immune responses than males. This can be a protective benefit for immune responses to infection and cancer, but also a detriment for the development of autoimmune disease. The genetic contributions to sexually dimorphic immunity are not well understood. We have identified the X-linked histone demethylase KDM5C as an important regulator of T cell immunity. KDM5C escapes X inactivation so is expressed more in females than males. KDM5C demethylates H3K4, participating in gene silencing, however also has a role in promoting gene expression. Mice deficient in KDM5C in immune cells have reduced ability to control acute and chronic infection. CD8 and CD4 T cells have reduced expression of T cell effector molecules and increased expression of PD-1. We find that KDM5C promotes optimal T cell responses through epigenetic and metabolic programming. These data implicate KDM5C as an important promoter of T cell immunity and a mechanism underpinning sexual dimorphic immune responses to infection.


The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of personal income tax on the structure of resident consumption expenditure. Food expenditure is of great importance in the consumption expenditure of residents, and it is directly related to the living standard and affluence of the residents, the author uses Engel's coefficient to conduct the corresponding analysis. This thesis is the empirical analysis of the impact of progressive index of China's personal income tax and average tax rate on food expenditure of the resident consumption expenditure. The results show that average tax rate is negatively correlated with Engel's coefficient of the seven income group residents and the integral residents. Among them, the average tax rate has the greatest impact on the consumption expenditure structure of the residents with the lowest income group, while the progressive level has no significant impact on Engel's coefficient of the seven income group residents and the integral residents. From the international horizontal comparison, too low of the average tax rate is the important factors for restricting China's personal income tax from reducing Engel's coefficient.


Laminated sheet, the surface layer, the number of available heat-setting resin, and includes an adhesive layer to be adhered to the substrate, the surface layer is from 1 to 4 alkyl of alkyl groups having carbon atoms (meth) acrylate) and (disposed on the outermost surface (One): In the (meth) acrylic-containing copolymer, and here obtained by copolymerization of a monomer blend containing more than one type of (meth) acrylic monomer represented by, R


A cohort study was carried out to determine whether childrens' perception of the problem of short stature changed over 2 years of growth hormone (GH) therapy. A total of 66 children (age range, 5–15 years; mean 10.2 years) were selected on the basis of height below the 3rd centile for chronological age, height velocity below the 25th centile for bone age, prepubertal status, and absence of any organic condition causing growth failure or likely to interfere with GH action. The children were taking part in a 2‐year multicentre trial to assess the effect of authentic recombinant GH on short, slowly growing children without Gil deficiency (GHD). The childrens' and parents' attitudes and emotional adjustment to shortness were assessed before GH therapy commenced, and at 6 months and 2 years, using a growth‐specific psychological instrument, the Attitude to Growth scale (ATG). The children were also assessed using the Piers Harris Children Self Concept Scale at 2 years. The mean ATG scores increased from 34.2 (95% confidence interval, 33.2–35.2) at intake to 37.2 (95% confidence interval, 36.2–38.2) at 2 years. Younger subjects had a greater increase (p < 0.05). No sex differences occurred. Two separate factors were identified in the childrens' attitudes: emotional preoccupation with stature and a concrete focus on practical aspects. No differences were present between childrens' and parents' mean scores, though parents' estimates differed on selected items. The mean Piers Harris score at 2 years was within the normal range, and was positively correlated to the ATG but was unrelated to height. It is concluded that GH treatment may have a beneficial effect on childrens' attitudes to being short, particularly in the younger child. It is recommended that parents undergo careful evaluation before their children are offered long‐term treatment with GH, so that their understanding of their child's perceptions is clarified, and their own hopes and expectations of treatment become realistic and supportive to the child.


The right to a good and healthy environment is part of human rights. Where the right to the environment as a human right to live in an environment with a minimum quality that allows the realization of a dignified and prosperous life. As part of human rights, the state must respect, fulfill, and protect the right to a good and healthy environment. To fulfill the right to a good and healthy environment, everyone is given the right to obtain environmental education, access to information, access to participation, and access to justice. In other words, without access to information, participation, and justice, the right to a good and healthy environment will be difficult to fulfill. The government needs a mechanism or instrument for these three accesses to fulfill the right to a good and proper environment for its citizens. In the next section, we will review mechanisms or instruments for access to information, as an effort to fulfill the right to a good and healthy environment, especially in the context of controlling air pollution, as well as the shortcomings and alternatives of these mechanisms or instruments. This study aims to analyze the discourse on the right to a good and healthy environment in Indonesia in the study of human rights and environmental law in Indonesia.


[Objective] The aim was to clone the fimbial subunit FaeG gene of F4 and analyze its sequence.[Method]The FaeG gene fragments were amplified from 6 standard F4 strains by PCR method,and were analyzed and spliced by DNAStar after sequencing.The sequences were analyzed and compared with the published F4 fimbrial genes.The homology and phylogenetic relationship between them was analyzed by the phylogenetic tree.[Result] The FaeG gene fragments were amplified successfully;the amplified 6 strains of known serum variant F4 E.coli and standard F4 strains belonged to their respective genotypes,and the evolutionary relationship between F4ab and F4ac was nearer than its between F4ab and F4ad strains.[Conclusion] Through the research could infer that the detected of three serum variants of F4 strains not only could use single factor serum,but could be detected from the DNA level.


We investigated if a two-hit shock model, commonly referred to as generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR), can prime for indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice. The GSR was provoked in C57BL/6 mice by two consecutive i.p. injections of 100 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at t = 0 and t = 20 h. These mice demonstrated a dramatic decrease in respiratory capacity and 80% mortality after the second injection. No such effect was observed when LPS was given as a single 200 μg dose at t = 0. Increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in serum (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interferon-γ), lung neutrophilia, and edema formation were observed in mice injected with one dose of LPS, but notably, mice exposed twice did not further increase their inflammatory response. Early treatment 1 h after the first LPS injection (t = 1 h) with either dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) or vitamin E (50 mg/kg) improved respiratory function and down-modulated the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in serum. In conclusion, mice with a generalized Shwartzman reaction exhibited features resembling some aspects of the pathophysiology in septic ARDS, i.e., neutrophilic inflammation, edema formation, impaired respiratory capacity, and mortality. Our data indicate that a systemic cytokine response and lung neutrophilia may prime for the GSR but that other mechanisms account for the rapid decline in lung function after the second challenge. We suggest that this model can be used for studies of pathogenesis and therapeutic prevention of acute respiratory failure.


This paper deals with the problem of identifying a Petri net that models the unobservable behavior of a system from the knowledge of its dynamical evolution. We assume that a partial Petri net model that represents the observable behavior of a system is given in which all the transitions are observable. An identifier monitors the system evolution and records the observed transition sequence (and possible corresponding markings). Some unobservable transitions modeling the unknown system behavior are identified from the transition sequence by formulating and solving integer linear programming problems. These identified unobservable transitions together with the given partial Petri net model characterize the whole system, including observable and unobservable behavior. Two different cases are considered. First, we assume that no place is observable. In such a case, a transition sequence is observed only during the evolution of the system. Second, we assume that a subset of places is observable; i.e., the observation contains not only the transition sequence but the corresponding markings as well. Hence an additional constraint should be imposed on the unobservable transition in the related programming problems according to the observed markings such that a more authentic unobservable transition can be found.


Jia et al. report that dietary fish oil or curcumin, given alone, promotes mucosal inflammation and damage, whereas, given together, resolution of inflammation was promoted and major inflammatory factors, especially NF-kB, were suppressed. These findings are suggested to reflect an interaction of dietary lipids and curcumin in mucosal homeostasis and in the control of colonic inflammation through the suppression of PG release in colonic mucosa by both compounds through the Toll-like receptor 4/cyclo-oxygenase-2/PGE signalling axis. However, these effects might also arise through the actions of these two compounds on vitamin D signalling through vitamin D receptors (VDR), since both bind to the VDR. DHA competes with calcitriol for binding to the VDR, as do other PUFA and biliary lithocholic acid, which may tend to reduce VDR signalling activity, while curcumin can have calcitriollike effects since its binding to the VDR induces some genomic effects of the activated VDR and it can also induce rapid nongenomic VDR-mediated effects such as activation of chloride channels. Vitamin D reduces inflammation generally, including in the colonic mucosa, and is activated in the gut as in most target tissues. Furthermore, pharmacological preparations of fish oil contain small amounts of vitamin D but large amounts of vitamin A, which antagonises many actions of vitamin D. For example, vitamin A reduces vitamin Dinduced absorption of dietary Ca. It would be of interest to know whether the reported effects and interactions of fish oil and curcumin on colonic inflammation are related to variations in vitamin D intake (or to vitamin D repletion as judged by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) or to variations in vitamin A intake, or both. Barbara J. Boucher Blizard Institute Centre for Diabetes Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London 2 Newark Street London E1 2AT UK email firstname.lastname@example.com


A 73‐YEAR‐OLD MAN was admitted to our hospital with epigastric pain, anemia (hemoglobin 10.9 g/dL) and weight loss (8 kg in 6 months). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a gastric fundus polyp approximately 15 cm length (Figs 1,2). Random polyp biopsies showed a tubular-type adenoma with low-grade dysplasia (LGIEN). Gastric mucosal biopsies were negative for Helicobacter pylori and atrophy. Surgical excision would have implied the potential risk of cardiac insufficiency or necessity for gastrectomy. According to the votum of our interdisciplinary board and at the patient's request, we decided against surgery and laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) and proceeded to endoscopic polypectomy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to remove the adenoma en bloc in a single session would be the desired approach in terms of histological assessment, reduction of (delayed) endoscopy-related complications and patient comfort. Lacking full view over the adenoma base and due to poor accessibility, we did not primarily apply ESD but chose a multi-step approach (Video S1 and S2). First, we removed the adenoma body by piecemeal hot snare polypectomy. Next, we removed the adenoma base by a combination of ESD and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Eventual histology showed a pyloric-type adenoma with mainly LGIEN and no signs of invasive growth. Highgrade dysplasia (HGIEN) comprised less than 10% of polyp volume. We did not encounter any serious endoscopyrelated complications. Follow-up EGD after 5 and 11 months showed a well-healed resection site without adenoma remnants. Conclusion: In rare cases, gastric


Digital learning objects can actively engage and support students in their learning, but if they simply replicate a transmission approach to teaching, their use may well be a waste of time and money, says Bronwyn Ewing.


This paper presents the summary of the Efficient Face Recognition Competition (EFaR) held at the 2023 International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB 2023). The competition received 17 submissions from 6 different teams. To drive further development of efficient face recognition models, the submitted solutions are ranked based on a weighted score of the achieved verification accuracies on a diverse set of benchmarks, as well as the deployability given by the number of floating-point operations and model size. The evaluation of submissions is extended to bias, cross-quality, and large-scale recognition benchmarks. Overall, the paper gives an overview of the achieved performance values of the submitted solutions as well as a diverse set of baselines. The submitted solutions use small, efficient network architectures to reduce the computational cost, some solutions apply model quantization. An outlook on possible techniques that are underrepresented in current solutions is given as well.


Purpose . The study is aimed at improving the procedure for determining the optimum radius of the shoulder of a special tool for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys and its change depending on the variations of base metal thickness. Methodology. The friction stir welding process was carried out on specially designed equipment. The material for the studies were 1.85 mm thick plates made of aluminum alloy AMg3 with a chemical content of alloying elements within the range of the brand composition. The temperature in the welding zone and the pressure from the tool on the edges of the welded joint were determined using a specially designed research stand. The pressing force of the tool to the base metal during welding was measured with a dynamometer type DC-0.1 with the indicator head. Findings . During the research, the degree of metal heating and the quality of the welded joint formation were determined at various ratios of the rotation frequency of the working tool and the normal pressure to the joining edges. The research allowed determining the influence of FSW process parameters on the temperature of metal heating in the action zone of the working tool shoulder. Originality . The experimental studies allowed to determine the effect of the working tool rotation speed and the magnitude of its pressure on the welded metal during welding on the temperature in the weld zone. Increasing the tool rotation frequency allows to reduce pressure of the working tool during welding, which results in more efficient and high-quality welding process. It has been established that it is possible to obtain better welded joints at a temperature of about 0.7 Tm and to determine the optimal temperature range in the welding zone. Practical value . The study resulted in determination of the conditions for achieving the permanent softening effect during friction stir welding and the optimum temperatures in the welding zone for the tested alloy. The main technological parameters of the working tool are calculated and their influence on the generation of thermal energy in the welding zone is determined. The thermal analysis of the welding process resulted in development of the procedure for determining the technological parameters of the working tool and its rotation frequency depending on the weld metal thickness.


The traditional reading methods for the visually disabled Include readings through touching,visual and listening.Social progress and the development of new technologies have promoted innovations of the reading service mode,which enables the visually disabled to use barrierfree technologies to use computer,browses web pages and apply smart phones,etc.The reading methods of the visually disabled have become much more comprehensive,abundant and modernized.Cultural service institutions have to adapt to new service method to promote reading of the visually disabled,in order to better serve their demands.


The main girders of the I-section steel-concrete composite twin girder bridge is usually connected together by frame cross bracing. When the cross girder is connected with the main girders by welding, the flat plates for stiffening can be used to strengthen the connection to ensure the effective transfer of connection forces between the two. In this paper, the finite element simulation method is used to study the influence of flat plates. The results show that, compared with the twin girder structure without flat plates for stiffening, when the same load acts on the cross girder: the stress peak value of the cross girder of the twin girder structure with flat plates is obviously reduced, and the stress peak value of the main girders is increased; the bending stress of the web of T-shaped connection stiffeners diffuses faster from the welding part to the end; the peak value of the axial stress on the web of T-shaped connection stiffeners decreases obviously, and the position of the peak value changes from the side near the cross girder to the side near the web of main girder. The above results show that it is necessary to set the flat plates for stiffening in the twin girder bridge to ensure the transfer of forces between the main girders and cross girder.


Both philosophy and religion intend to offer truth and happiness to man. Although their main objective is the same, philosophy and religion use different principles, goals and methods, because each of them appeals to a different dimension of man and society. When philosophy and religion fight one other as if they were in competition, society ends up being totalitarian, either by becoming theocratic or confessional (when religion destroys reason) or secularist (when reason destroys religion). Such a cultural war is unnecessary and artificial. Man and society are by nature, at the same time, philosophical and religious, secular and spiritual. We cannot philosophize without a belief or believe without reasoning. Man and society, therefore, should not choose between faith and reason. The right choice is for both faith and reason. On the one hand, religion enhances philosophy by purifying it from hybris, by offering it new horizons and by giving it clearer signs not to go astray from the truth. On the other hand, philosophy enhances religion by purifying it from any type of irrational fideism, by offering it rational categories to understand its dogmas, and by making it reasonable to the point of making it capable of appealing to all men and women. A society flourishes in the degree it is built upon the solid rock of a healthy secularity, where the temporal and spiritual realms, philosophy and religion, the State and the Church, are respected in their relative autonomy, thus allowing each of them to offer its own specific and irreplaceable contribution to the common good. For this reason, philosophy and religion can together save man and mankind.


Periodate oxidation of glycopyranosides yields dialdehydes that can be reductively aminated in the presence of amino acids to produce hybrid glycopeptides where the amino acid nitrogen is inserted into the resulting 2,4-dideoxypyranoside at position 3. Nine such 3-morpholino derivatives were prepared, including a disaccharide analog of N-acetyllactosamine (β-Gal(1→4)βGlcNAc) where the nitrogen of glycine was inserted into the galactose ring. The resulting hybrid disaccharide was an excellent substrate for a mild fucosyltransferase which converted it to a novel functionalized LeX mimic.


An ink cartridge includes a flexible container containing ink; and a restriction mechanism allowing the flexible container to deform only in the direction to decrease the volume of the flexible container. The ink cartridge is used for an image forming apparatus including an inkjet head for jetting ink from nozzles.


This paper presents a subband noise canceller with reduced residual noise. The canceller is developed by modifying and optimizing an existing multirate filter bank that is used to improve the performance of a conventional full-band adaptive filtering. The proposed system is aimed to overcome problems of slow asymptotic convergence and high residual noise incorporating with the use of oversampled filter banks for acoustic noise cancellation applications. Analysis and synthesis filters are optimized for minimum amplitude distortion. The proposed scheme offers a simplified structure that without employing cross adaptive filters or stop band filters reduces the effect of coloured components near the band edges in the frequency response of the analysis filters. Issues of increasing convergence speed and decreasing the residual noise at the system output are addressed. Performance under white and coloured environments is evaluated in terms of mean square error MSE performance. Fast initial convergence was obtained with this modification. Also a decrease in the amount of residual noise by approximately 10dB compared to an equivalent subband model without modification was reachable under actual speech and background noise.


The theoretical study of micron-scale quantum-mechanical systems generally begins with two assumptions about the potential: that there is no background potential, and that any confining potential is hard-walled. In this thesis, we will look at a phenomenon that is seen when these assumptions are not made, in the context of electron conductance through two-dimensional electron gasses (2DEGs). We begin by setting out two different mathematical frameworks for studying systems with smooth potentials. The discrete variable representation method treats closed systems, where one is solving for eigenstates and eigenvalues. The inverse Green's function method treats open systems, where one is solving for the scattering matrix and steady-state electron flux. It is the latter method that we will apply to the case of 2DEG conductance. Our study is motivated by recent experiments which probed the spatial pattern of electron flux. In agreement with these experiments, we find that electrons follow narrow branches rather than a diffusive spreading pattern. We conclude that the branches are the result of small-angle scattering off of a weak, smooth disordered background potential, generated by the layer of donor atoms in the 2DEG crystal. We then consider the experimentally observed interference fringes, which persist to


n this issue, six articles address project and project-finance risk. First, Chris Beale, Michel Chatain, Nathan Fox, Sandra Bell, James Berner, Robert Preminger, and Jan Prins present the results of a four-bank study that challenges the Basel Committee's notion that project loans are riskier than corporate loans. Then Marc Wouters and Richard Klompjan summarize a study of 210 project loans that shows factors most strongly associated with default. Based on the recent volatility of electricity and fuel prices, Joel Gilbert explains that today's energy risks are asymmetric and better metrics are needed to properly alert management to consequent business risks. Next, Andy Dunn shows how risk-management decisions made when focused on individual assets can be different from those made when considering the entire generation and retail portfolio. Paul Forrester shows how collateralized debt obligations can help both institutional portfolio investors and commercial banks increase their participation in project lending while managing the related risks. Then, shifting to legal risks in developing countries, Mark Kantor describes how arbitration in recent years has failed to protect against the risk of unepredictable local courts in several Asian countries. We continue with John Strong's case study of a concession for the operation and development of the main airport in Côte d'Ivoire. Finally, Ralph Sapoznik explains why government guarantees and multilateral agency bank involvement are required to finance expansion of the São Paulo subway system.


Mathematical word problem solving skills has always been a concern in Malaysia because pupils are unable to cope with the word problems given. Thus, Sakamoto Math method was introduced to deal with the pupils' difficulties in solving word problems. The pur poses of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of using Sakamoto Math method and to compare the pupils' performance in solving word problems between the application of Sakamoto Math method and conventional method. In addition, comparison of pupi ls' attitude towards the application of Sakamoto Math method and conventional method in solving word problems was also investigated. Quantitative methods were employed in this study. Year 5 pupils in a Chinese elementary school (SJKC), Nusajaya, Johor were assigned as a control group and an experimental group with 33 participants in each group. All the participations took part in the pre-test and post-test and the results were analysed through inferential statistics which are Paired Samples T-test and Independent Samples T- test. Pupils' attitude was then recorded in the questionnaire and analysed by using Wilcoxon- Signed Ranked test. There was a significant difference on pupils' performance and pupils' attitude between the application of Sakamoto Math method and conventional method. It proves that Sakamoto Math method is effective in solving word problems. In conclusion, this study suggests that different visualization approaches could be prepared to overcome the pupils' difficulties in solving word problems.


In this paper we present ASCOT, an efficient search application for clinical trials that is designed to aid writing new trials. Clinical trials are protocols describing medical research on humans. Although they are a valuable source of medical practice evidence, search is laborious due to the immense number of existing protocols. Writing a new trial includes composing detailed eligibility criteria, which might be time-consuming, especially for new researchers. ASCOT uses text mining and data mining methods to enrich clinical trials with metadata, that can be employed to narrow down search. In addition, ASCOT integrates an eligibility criteria recommendation component.


Rotational, spin‐orbit, lambda doublet, and kinetic energy distributions were measured by laser‐excited fluorescence techniques for the nitric oxide fragments formed from the vibrational predissociation of nitric oxide dimers in a free jet expansion. The NO fragments, produced following excitation in the dimer ν1 fundamental, were described by a rotational ''temperature'' of TR≂100 K, with full equilibration of lambda doublet states, and approximately equal populations in the two spin‐orbit states. The velocity distributions were isotropic with an average fragment kinetic energy of 400 cm−1. Time‐resolved measurements placed a 15 ns upper limit on the predissociation lifetime.


MEASURING THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION AID IN INCREASING ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION BY Marjorie Rose San Pedro As governments gear up to support the new Sustainable Development Goals, it is important to determine the impact that education aid has had on the previous Millennium Development Goal for education. This study aims to determine if education specific aid has been effective in increasing access to primary education. The results suggests that education specific aid is only significant under certain conditions. While total education aid, primary education aid, and government expenditure significantly increases adjusted net enrollment rates (NERA) in low income countries, they are not at all significant for middle income countries. Total education aid and primary education aid also have a positive impact if a country's initial NERA is under 80%.


Coordinate transformation improves convergence pattern analysis of elliptical-aperture antennas. Modified version of Jacobi-Bessel expansion for vector diffraction analysis of reflector antennas uses coordinate transformation to improve convergence with elliptical apertures. Expansion converges rapidly for antennas with circular apertures, but less rapidly for elliptical apertures. Difference in convergence behavior between circular and elliptical Jacobi-Bessel algorithms indicated by highest values of indices m, n, and p required to achieve same accuracy in computed radiation pattern of offset paraboloidal antenna with elliptical aperture.


A review of Research data management: Practical strategies for information professionals , edited by Joyce Ray, Purdue University Press, 30 Jan 2014, paperback, 436 pp., ISBN-10: 1-55753-664-3, ISBN-13: 978-1-55753-664-8.


Contents: Introduction, correspondences Historical hermeticism and the secret societies The secret societies and the romantic cultural context Hieroglyphics: hermetic recovery in Keats's poetry Hermeticism in the Endymion letters Initiation rites and trials of earth Trials of water and air Conclusion:' A beacon towards a little speculation' Bibliography Index.


The College of Agriculture through its various departments is asked from time to' time to recommend rations for various types of livestock and poultry. It has seemed desirable to assemble these in one publication. Specific recommendations for rations for dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry are presented. Not all the ingredients suggested are available at all times and places and at attractive prices; hence substitutions may be advisable or necessary. When such is the case the substitutions should be made on the basis of similarity of ingredients with respect to physical character, composition, digestibility and specific effects.


A new, simple, sensitive and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of phenylhydrazine over the range of 0.02-0.30 μg/mL. The method is based on the inhibitory effect of phenylhydrazine on the oxidation of methyl red by bromate in acidic and micellar medium. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance of methyl red at 518 nm with a fixed-time 0.5–2.0 min from initiation of the reaction..The relative standard deviation of 0.08 and 0.2 μg/mL phenylhydrazine was 1.7 and 2.4%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of phenylhydrazine in water samples.


Once upon athere lived an old cobbler(补鞋匠). He andpeople.his wife were very __ people. One evening, they __ each other sadly. There was no money to buy leather(皮革) to make shoes for sale. They went to __ without any dinner.


The problem and the solution. Human resource development (HRD) and work/life share several goals. Both are concerned with ensuring workers are effective and with the "business case" justifying their efforts within organizations. This article develops insights for HRD professionals by drawing on articles identified in the international competition for the Rosabeth Moss Kanter Award for Excellence in Work—Family Research. Specifically, work hours and work overload as well as gender and gender inequity are powerful influences on worker effectiveness. Several exemplary articles also generate important information for the business case for work/life. This article provides access to resources that can support HRD efforts in organizations.


The setting of gateway metering points for power generation enterprises is a research hotspot in recent years. The process of my country's electricity spot market has entered the fast lane. In order to achieve accurate trade settlement for power generation enterprises under different settlement cycles, there is undoubtedly a higher requirement for the setting of gateway metering point. At present, when there are complex situations such as crossing power in the on-grid and off-grid electricity measurement methods of power generation enterprises, the self-consumption electricity cannot be accurately measured. This paper proposes an optimal setting scheme for gateway metering point, and innovatively designs a logic judgment device that can accurately distinguish off-grid electricity and self-consumption electricity. It is proved by an example that this scheme can solve the problem of inaccuracy of power plants in complex operation modes. It is feasible to measure the problem of on-grid and off-grid electricity.


This paper presents a generic obstacle detection system using single camera image sequence processing, for Android smart mobile devices. The algorithm relies on transforming the images into bird eye views of the scene using Inverse Perspective Mapping, followed by intensity based segmentation. The obstacle area hypotheses are used for updating a particle based occupancy grid. The sensors built in the mobile device are used for obtaining the speed and the yaw rate of the host vehicle, information needed for compensating the motion of the host vehicle in the tracking process. The occupied cells resulted from occupancy grid tracking are grouped as obstacles having position, length and width, and a speed vector. The system's intrinsic parameters are calibrated using the information provided by the Android API, and the extrinsic parameters are calibrated using an easy to use graphical interface. An automatic calibration method for the pitch angle, relying on the cumulated density of horizontal edges on the image rows is also provided. The system was tested on multiple devices, in real urban traffic, and is able to sense most obstacles on the road.


A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity. (May 2012) John Oliver Tyler, Jr., B.A., Texas A&M University; J.D., SMU School of Law Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. John J. McDermott American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law. These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism. In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method. This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of


The process of pair creation by a photon in a constant and homogeneous electromagnetic field of an arbitrary configuration is investigating. At high energy the correction to the standard quasiclassical approximation (SQA) has been calculated. In the region of intermediate photon energies where SQA is inapplicable the new approximation, developed recently by authors, is used. The influence of weak electric field on the process in a magnetic field is considered. In particular, in the presence of electric field the root divergence in the probability of pair creation on the Landau energy levels is vanished. For smaller photon energies the low energy approximation is used. The found probability describes the absorption of soft photon by particles created by field. At low photon energy the electric field action dominates and the influence of magnetic field on the process is connected with the interaction of it and the magnetic moment of creating particles.


By means of hybrid simulations, we present a study on plasma ion heating by the field-aligned parametric decay of a monochromatic left-hand polarized Alfvén wave. The comparison made among different spatial dimensions proves that the three-dimensional simulation exhibits more efficient heating. Plasma is heated parallel to the mean magnetic field by the damping of the ion acoustic waves while being heated perpendicular by the cyclotron resonance and damping of 5 protons by Alfvén daughter waves. In the solar wind context, the antisunward part of the core component of the proton velocity distributions is controlled by the sunward-propagating waves driven by the parametric decay.


Abstract Compounds present in oil sludge such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be cytotoxic, mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic. Microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been reported to degrade oil sludge components to innocuous compounds such as carbon dioxide, water and salts. In the present study, we isolated different bacteria with PAH-degrading capabilities from compost prepared from oil sludge and animal manures. These bacteria were isolated on a mineral base medium and mineral salt agar plates. A total of 31 morphologically distinct isolates were carefully selected from 5 different compost treatments for identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 16S rRNA gene with specific primers (universal forward 16S-P1 PCR and reverse 16S-P2 PCR). The amplicons were sequenced and sequences were compared with the known nucleotides from the GenBank. The phylogenetic analyses of the isolates showed that they belong to 3 different clades; Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. These bacteria identified were closely related to the genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, Variovorax, Paenibacillus, Ralstonia and Geobacillus. The results showed that Bacillus species were predominant in all composts. Based on the results of the degradation of the PAHs in the composts and results of previous studies on bacterial degradation of hydrocarbons in oil, the characteristics of these bacterial isolates suggests that they may be responsible for the breakdown of PAHs of different molecular weights in the composts. Thus, they may be potentially useful for bioremediation of oil sludge during compost bioremediation.


©The Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Corresponding Author: Eun Young Nahm, Department of Child Studies, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. E-mail: email@example.com 스트레스 상황에서 어머니의 정서조절 수준에 따른 어머니-자녀 간 상호작용 분석


The present invention discloses a modified gluten production process, including choice of materials, and surfaces, and homogeneous aging, face wash, dried, transglutaminase modified with a thin film evaporator, grinding and packaging steps. The present invention is produced through transglutaminase gluten enzymatically modified after the thin-film evaporator, with good water solubility, functional properties and dispersibility and excellent emulsification characteristics of a gel, freeze drying can be significantly modified to maintain gluten crosslinked state, and can obtain an excellent gel texture modified wheat gluten, expanding the range of applications gluten, it can be widely used in food industry and other industries. The present invention also eliminates degreasing link, can effectively reduce the production costs.


In this paper the characteristics and fabrication of implanted microwave transistors are discussed. By use of arsenic implanted emitter and boron implanted base, devices can be fabricated with f T between 4.0 and 7.0 GHz, while f max ranges from 18.0 to 25.5 GHz. Noise figures range from 3.8 to 5.5 db at 4 GHz. Results will be presented from devices implanted with arsenio emitter energies from 27 to 30 KeV and boron base energies from 20 to 38 KeV. Boron base doses range from 5 \times 10^{12} to 1013B/cm2, while emitter dose was 1 \times 10^{15} to 2 \times 10^{15} As/cm2. It was found that (Q E /D E ) eff ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 \times 10^{13} cm-4sec for all emitter implants. A discussion of improvement of uniformity and yield is included along with some wafer yield data.


Suppose throughout that s, an (n = 0,1,2,…) are arbitrary complex numbers, that α > 0 and β is real and that N is a non-negative integer such that αN + β≥1. Let


Retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors (RLR) are members of the DEAD box helicases, and recognize viral RNA in the cytoplasm, leading to IFN‐β induction through the adaptor IFN‐β promoter stimulator‐1 (IPS‐1) (also known as Cardif, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein or virus‐induced signaling adaptor). Since uninfected cells usually harbor a trace of RIG‐I, other RNA‐binding proteins may participate in assembling viral RNA into the IPS‐1 pathway during the initial response to infection. We searched for proteins coupling with human IPS‐1 by yeast two‐hybrid and identified another DEAD (Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp) box helicase, DDX3 (DEAD/H BOX 3). DDX3 can bind viral RNA to join it in the IPS‐1 complex. Unlike RIG‐I, DDX3 was constitutively expressed in cells, and some fraction of DDX3 is colocalized with IPS‐1 around mitochondria. The 622‐662 a.a DDX3 C‐terminal region (DDX3‐C) directly bound to the IPS‐1 CARD‐like domain, and the whole DDX3 protein also associated with RLR. By reporter assay, DDX3 helped IPS‐1 up‐regulate IFN‐β promoter activation and knockdown of DDX3 by siRNA resulted in reduced IFN‐β induction. This activity was conserved on the DDX3‐C fragment. DDX3 only marginally enhanced IFN‐β promoter activation induced by transfected TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) or I‐kappa‐B kinase‐ε (IKKε). Forced expression of DDX3 augmented virus‐mediated IFN‐β induction and host cell protection against virus infection. Hence, DDX3 is an antiviral IPS‐1 enhancer.


From the new idea for design,the paper discussed the application of geological,topographic,standard and environment protection route selection to A2 section of Taichang Expressway.


This paper presents the design of a linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar transmitter (TX) for automotive radar applications. The TX has a wide operating range from 76 to 81 GHz by employing a frequency-doubling architecture using an LC voltage-controlled oscillator operating at 38-40.5 GHz and a differential frequency doubler using a single transformer. A chirp generator is integrated into the TX, which provides various frequency chirp profiles with programmable chirp slope and sweep duration. The proposed CMOS FMCW TX can be applied to various modulation algorithms for multiple target detection and the avoidance of ghost targets. The TX is implemented using 65-nm CMOS technology. The chip size is 1.48 × 1.85 mm 2. The measurement results shows a 76-81-GHz frequency range and 3-dBm output power while dissipating 320 mW. The phase-noise density of the TX is -83.33 dBm/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz when the output frequency is 77 GHz.


Abstract. In the Texas High Plains, variable climatic conditions prevail between and within growing seasons. As this area continues to experience drought conditions and water resources for irrigation become more limited, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production may become a more popular choice to sustain profitable crop water productivity with limited water. Regional sorghum production functions are helpful in strategizing adaptation methods for coping with climatic variability, but new varieties often exhibit new production functions. This article compares sorghum responses of grain yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of a late maturing (LM) and early maturing (EM) hybrid during three recent growing years exhibiting climatic variability (2009-2011). The hybrids were irrigated at levels of 80%, 55%, 30%, and 0% replenishment of soil water depletion to field capacity (FC). Mean maximum daily air temperatures and mean daily reference evapotranspiration (grass) for the 2009 (28.2°C, 6.5 mm d-1) and 2010 (28.6°C, 6.4 mm d-1) growing seasons were similar; in 2011, these parameters were considerable greater (32.6°C and 8.8 mm d-1, respectively). For both hybrids, dry grain yields were greatest in 2009 in the I80% treatment at 9.80 and 8.04 Mg ha-1 for the LM and EM hybrids, respectively. For irrigation treatment amounts of 80% replenishment of soil water to FC, grain yields in the LM hybrid were always greater compared with the EM hybrid. However, WUE in the EM hybrid in 2009 and 2011 was 27% and 29% greater, respectively, than in the LM hybrid. Grain yield responses in both hybrids were most sensitive to the exceptional drought year of 2011 where irrigation applied at less than 80% replenishment of soil water to FC greatly reduced grain yields. Irrigation applied at less than 55% replenishment produced minimal to no grain yields.


Li-ion batteries(LIBs) are widely used in mobile devices and electric vehicles, but the traditional layered transition metal cathode material, LiTMO2(TM=Ni, Co, Mn, or Al), has a low energy density that cannot satisfy the demand of commercial applications, and Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides(LRLOs) are a strong competitor to the traditional layered cathode materials for their specific capacity of more than 200 mAh/g. Due to the high energy density and low cost, Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides(LRLO) have been a promising candidate cathode for next-generation Li-ion batteries. The anionic redox reaction(ARR) in LRLO destabilizes the lattice oxygen, leading to voltage degradation and capacity loss. Although iron-substituted cobalt-free Li-rich materials can achieve less voltage decay, they suffer from severe cation disorder and poor kinetics. Here, we developed a simple and feasible high-valent ion doping strategy by doping Mo into Li1.2Ni0.13Fe0.13Mn0.54O2(LNFMO), which expands the Li layer spacing, provides a broader channel for Li+ transport, improves the diffusion kinetics of Li+, effectively suppresses the cation disorder, and further stabilizes the layered structure. As a result, the Mo-doped LRLO exhibited significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, with an initial reversible capacity of 209.48 mAh/g at 0.2 C, and the initial specific capacity increased from 137.02 mAh/g to 165.15 mAh/g at 1 C. After 300 cycles, there is still a specific capacity of 117.49 mAh/g for the Mo-doped cathode, and the voltage decay is reduced from 2.09 mV/cycle to 1.66 mV/cycle. The Mo-doped LRLO are systematically characterized, and the mechanism of cycle stabilization is revealed, which provides an important reference for designing high performance Li-rich cathode.


Abstract : A two-dimensional laser Doppler anemometer was designed to take measurements in a ducted coaxial flow system having a centerbody separating the jets. The measurements, made in isothermal flow, can be categorized as: central jet only (C02); annular jet only (air); and, combined central and annular jet flow. Radial profiles of the axial and radial/azimuthal velocity were obtained. The central jet only condition approximates a free jet since the central jet diameter is much smaller than the centerbody or duct diameter (1:29.3: 53.2). Measurements of the jet development (diameter, turbulence intensity, etc.) were compared with previous free jet studies. In a study of the isotropy of the turbulent fluctuations it was determined that fully developed turbulent flow begins further downstream than anticipated. Velocity profiles were combined with gas sampling measurements to ascertain jet entrainment. Results show a linear growth of the entrained mass starting at the entrance plane. Downstream (20 diameters) the rate of growth increases to match past studies in that region. The annular jet flow creates a recirculation vortex in the wake of the centerbody. The flowfield was mapped and the streamlines describing the flow were obtained throughout the recirculating flow and further downstream.


Background—Transplant coronary arteriosclerosis (TCA) is the principal long-term complication in cardiac transplant recipients. The mediators responsible for vascular proliferation and vasoconstriction typical of TCA remain largely unknown. We tested whether endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen, contributes to the pathogenesis and manifestations of TCA. Methods and Results—BQ-123, an ET-1 receptor-A antagonist, was infused into a coronary artery (40 nmol/min for 60 minutes) of 18 subjects, 6±4 years after transplantation. Vasomotor responses were measured in the infused artery and in a noninfused control artery in patients with (n=10) and without (n=8) advanced TCA (108 total coronary segments). Changes in diameters were compared at 15-minute intervals up to 60 minutes. Contribution of ET-1 to coronary constrictor tone was assessed by comparing vasodilation from BQ-123 with that of the maximal vasodilator nitroglycerin (200-&mgr;g intracoronary bolus). BQ-123 dilated coronary arteries of transplanted patients (8.4% at 60 minutes versus −0.4% in noninfused arteries, P<0.001). Dilation was greater for arteries with advanced TCA defined as diameter stenosis ≥15% (dilation 15.2% with versus 0.6% without advanced TCA, P=0.004). Judged against the response to nitroglycerin, ET-1 accounted for 53.2% of coronary tone in advanced TCA but only 12.9% without advanced TCA. Conclusions—This study shows for the first time in humans that ET-1 is an important mediator of coronary vasoconstriction in TCA and accounts for >50% of the increased vasomotor tone. Therapeutic targeting of ET-1 may retard the development of TCA.


Objective: The objective of the paper is to present the health status of the population using a set of composite health measures. Health expectancy indicators are calculated: healthy life expectancy (HE), the life expectancy free of chronic morbidity (MFLE) and the disability free life expectancy (DFLE). A severity level (moderate (MDLE) and severe (SOLE)) is considered for the expected years with disability. Methods: The Sullivan method was used to calculate the health expectancies. The health questions in the 2001 census include information on subjective health, the presence of longstanding diseases and restriction in daily activities. The total variance of the health expectancy estimates, taking into account the variance related to the mortality and the variance due to the census data, was estimated. Results: At birth, the life expectancy (LE) for-females is 81.7 years. The HE, MFLE and DFLE are respectively 59.5, 63.4 and 66.1 years. The MDLE and SOLE are 7.8 and 7.7 years. The LE for males is 75.4 years with a HE, MFLE and DFLE of respectively 58.0, 59.7 and 62.8 years. The years with moderate and severe disability are 6.6 and 6.0 years. In all regions, women live longer than men and can expect to live more years in good health. They live on average more years in bad subjective health, with longstanding morbidity and with moderate and severe disability. At birth the health status is worse in the Walloon Region. There they experience a shorter life with fewer years in good health and have more years to live with ill health. A similar but smaller difference is observed comparing the Brussels Region to the Flemish Region. However at older ages the different health indicators are more favourable in the Brussels Region. Conclusion: Health expectancy indicators are summary measures of the current health of a population. They allow to assess and monitor patterns of health and to identify differences by gender and by region.


With the advances in digital technology and the development of modern optimization algorithm,there has been a growing interest in the application of ensemble Kalman filter method for reservoir assisted history matching.In this paper,ensemble Kalman filter method is chosen as an optimization algorithm for history matching,sequential Gaussian simulation is used to generate the initial realizations,and the corresponding algorithm is realized.This paper verifies the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm by a two-dimensional water-flooding model,and discusses the factors such as the size of the initial ensemble,which impacts the result of history matching.


This work is devoted to the consideration of general principles for building a network of reference beacons, the solution of the AUV observation problem, and the estimation of the error in determining the underwater vehicle coordinates at long distances. The report presents the results of processing the data from experiments performed in the water area of the Sea of Japan. Field experiments were conducted in conditions with a pronounced temporal and Doppler hydroacoustic signal energy dissipation with a distance of up to 350 km and the speed of the signal receiver movement of up to 4 knots. The obtained data allow us to formulate general principles for the technology of constructing a network of hydroacoustic signal reference sources to solve the problem of observing underwater moving objects over a long distance and to propose the concept of creating a global underwater navigation system. Scientifically grounded and experimentally researched technical solutions for creating fundamentally new elements of an AUV long-range navigation system will significantly increase the period of autonomy, the accuracy of performing survey and exploration works and monitoring the coastal zone by underwater mobile objects.


The invention relates to a packaging device (1) of a flexible container (2) containing a liquid or viscous or powdery material, said container (2) having an outlet duct for the extraction of said material, said device packaging (1) being formed by two baskets (3, 4) frustoconical assembled, a lower basket (3) and upper basket (4), made using a staves assembly (31, 41) maintained by at least one circle (32, 33, 42, 43) and each having a bottom (35, 45) and an edge (36, 46) of an open top surface, said bottom (35, 45) and said edge (36, 46) being connected by a peripheral wall (37, 47), said baskets (3, 4) being assembled and fixed to each other by the edges (36, 46) of their respective upper surfaces, after that the container (2) was placed in one of the baskets (3, 4), so as to present the general shape of barrel, said lower basket (3) having a o pening (34) or a corresponding pre-cutting, allowing the passage of said outlet conduit.


The purpose of this study was to see if there was a relationship between perfectionism and sport demotivation which includes sport training demotivation and sport competition demotivation, and to find out which factors of perfectionism minght be the predictors of sport demotivation. To confirm these two hypotheses, a total of 204 martial art athletes completed multidimensional perfectionism scale and sport demotivation scale. With the data gained from 204 athletes, correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between perfectionism and sport demotivation. Additionally the perfectionism subscales were entered into the regression to figure out which subscales are the predictors of sport demotivation. First, it was found that there was a certain relationship between perfectionism and sport demotivation. Second, it was found that other-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism had positive effects on negative training atmosphere and reduced self-confidence of sport training demotivation, while self-oriented perfectionism had no significant effect on sport training demotivaion. In addition, self-oriented perfectionism had a negative effect on reduced performance ability and loss of goal of sport competition demotivation, while socially prescribed perfectionism had positive effects on both of them. Meanwhile, other-oriented perfectionism had a positive effect on loss of goal but a negative effect on reduced performance ability of sport competition demotivation.


Tuberculosis of stomach has diversified symptoms,which involves a difficulty in establishing a clinical diagnosis.This paper aims to discuss how to recognize it so as to improve the level of preoperative diagnosis.


This paper used an implementation of the land-use model SILO in Austin, Texas, over a 27-year period with an aim to understand the impacts of the full adoption of self-driving vehicles on the region's residential land use. SILO was integrated with MATSim for the Austin region. Land-use and travel results were generated for a business-as-usual case (BAU) of 0% self-driving or "autonomous" vehicles (AVs) over the model timeframe versus a scenario in which households' value of travel time savings (VTTS) was reduced by 50% to reflect the travel-burden reductions of no longer having to drive. A third scenario was also compared and examined against BAU to understand the impacts of rising vehicle occupancy (VO) and/or higher roadway capacities due to dynamic ride-sharing (DRS) options in shared AV (SAV) fleets. Results suggested an 8.1% increase in average work-trip times when VTTS fell by 50% and VO remained unaffected (the 100% AV scenario) and a 33.3% increase in the number of households with "extreme work-trips" (over 1 hour, each way) in the final model year (versus BAU of 0% AVs). When VO was raised to 2.0 and VTTS fell instead by 25% (the "Hi-DRS" SAV scenario), average work-trip times increased by 3.5% and the number of households with "extreme work-trips" increased by 16.4% in the final model year (versus BAU of 0% AVs). The model also predicted 5.3% fewer households and 19.1% more available, developable land in the city of Austin in the 100% AV scenario in the final model year relative to the BAU scenario's final year, with 5.6% more households and 10.2% less developable land outside the city. In addition, the model results predicted 5.6% fewer households and 62.9% more available developable land in the city of Austin in the Hi-DRS SAV scenario in the final model year relative to the BAU scenario's final year, with 6.2% more households and 9.9% less developable land outside the city.


Inadequate adolescents' reproductive health literacy is a serious problem that requires urgent attention from all stakeholders. Adolescents with limited knowledge of reproductive health are more prone to facing various health problems. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of adolescents reproductive health literacy and its associated factors. An analytical approach was adopted with a cross-sectional design. The target population consisted of female students in classes XI and XII, at Public Islamic Senior High School 2 Banda Aceh, totaling 242 students. An accidental sampling method was utilized to select the sample, and the number of respondents was 150 students. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear and multiple linear regression tests. The results showed that the level of reproductive health literacy was moderate (M=3.20; SD: 0.70 on a scale of 5), while the associated factors included family role (β=0.397; p-value:0.001), age (β=0.263; p-value:0.001), and peer support (β=0.259; p-value:0.001). These variables accounted for 43.4% of the variance in adolescents reproductive health literacy (R2:0.434). Based on the results, it was concluded that the level of adolescents reproductive health literacy was insufficient, and factors correlated to this problem included family role, age, and peer support.


The present invention provides a gas turbine fuel control method, the control device performing the method, and the apparatus includes a gas turbine control device. The control device according to the present invention (100) having: a fuel equivalent value calculation unit (150), in accordance with the target deviation (ΔNt) with respect to the actual rotation speed (Nr of the) target rotational speed (Nt of) a determined flow rate of fuel supplied to the gas turbine ; limit deviation calculation unit (131) to determine a deviation with respect to the actual output (Pr) is set to the upper limit output (of Pu), i.e., the upper limit of the deviation (ΔPu); lower limit of the deviation calculation unit (132), with respect to the lower limit calculated variations in the output (Pd) of the actual output (Pr), i.e., the lower limit of the deviation (APd); and a parameter changing unit (140), the actual rotation speed is lowered and the target value of the deviation becomes smaller at the upper limit of deviation is smaller, the actual rotational speed and case of increased deviation of the target value and the lower limit smaller the deviation becomes larger, the target rotational speed, actual speed, any change in a target value of the deviation parameter.


Abstract A joint meeting of members of the Quality Assurance Committees of the International Ozone Association Pan American Group (PAG), European-African Group (EAG), and Nippon Islands Group (NIG) was held in Oxford, Ohio on November 8 and 9, 1995. The purpose of the meeting was to establish a single, shared guideline for ozone concentration measurement in the gas phase and, in particular, from commercial ozone generators.


To the Editor:— Following the appearance of our article inThe Journal, May 1, page 1500, we received a letter from O. C. Durham questioning the identification of the so-called common plantain used in our experiments. He stated that he had never been able to obtain common plantain pollen either from collectors of pollen or from atmospheric pollen studies; furthermore, that English plantain was the only type that could possibly contaminate the air. In an effort to clarify this situation and to identify our pollen, labeled common plantain by collectors, we forwarded several slides to him for identification. Microscopic study of these slides revealed our English plantain to be English plantain, but our common plantain turned out to be Rugel's plantain (Plantago rugelii). This would tend to confirm Mr. Durham's experience, namely, that common plantain is a poor pollen producer and that practically no common plantain pollen is obtained in


Using Tetrac for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising tetrac, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for suppressing TSH secretion while reducing or avoiding the thyromimetic stimulation of peripheral tissues for a dose of L- thyroxine which produces an equivalent TSH-suppressive effect, for treatment of any of the following conditions induced: - tumors or other abnormal growth of the thyroid gland; - suppressing growth of residual thyroid tissue in a patient post thyroidectomy.


The objective of this paper is to develop a control system design method that 1) recognizes the time dependence of the thermal distortion due to orbital motion and 2) controls variables that are directly related to far-field performance for Earth-pointing space antennas. The first objective is accomplished by expanding the distortion into principal components that are orthogonal in space and time. Actuator strokes become a linear combination of the time-dependent components. The spatial components provide a natural space in which to determine the optimal actuator locations and act as basis vectors for extrapolating sensor measurements to the entire antenna surface. The approach for the second objective is to expand the far zone electric field in a Zernike-Bessel series. The coefficients of this series provide a reliable measure of far-field performance and a natural cost function for designing the control system. The method accommodates tapered feeds and arbitrary polarizations. Simulations are performed for a geosynchronous radiometer to determine the effectiveness of the control system under variations in solar geometry, structure materials, and thermal properties.


With radioimmunoassays (RIA), the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in pituitaries and plasma of juveniles and adults Rana rugulosa at different stages of gonadal development. The results demonstrated that plasma LH levels in juveniles were significantly higher than those in adults, and plasma FSH levels were approximately equal to those in adults; the content of pituitary LH or FSH in juveniles was significantly lower than that in adults. The LH and FSH levels in pituitaries and plasma of adults varied with the stages of gonadal development and seasons. The plasma LH level was highest at sexually mature stage, and the plasma FSH level was highest at sexually premature stage. The LH content in pituitaries at sexually mature or pre-mature stage was significantly higher than those at other stages for females, whereas at hibernation, it was significantly lower than those at other stages for males. The FSH content in pituitaries at sexually mature stage was significantly higher than those at other stages for both males and females.


To make full use of existing knowledge on switchgear design,the characteristics of switchgear structures and design knowledge were analyzed,and a method to describe the whole switchgear unit and functional elements was put forward.The configuration regulations for functional module and judgment criterion for similar cases were provided.An assisted design system was formulated by Case-Based Reasoning(CBR) and configuration rules after analyzing the configuration design knowledge and the method to implement the configuration.An example of HXGN-12 switchgear design was given to illustrate the effectiveness of this method in shortening design time.


Foreword 1: New Skills for Clinical Leaders 2. The Basic Physiology of Quality 3. A Sampler of Success Stories 4. Measuring Care and Managing Variation 5. Planning and Designing Care Processes 6. Practice and Outcomes Improvement 7. Implementing Quality Management in Clinical Settings - Robert Halder, M.D 8. Strategic Planning for Clinical Quality and Performance Conclusion: Panacea, Placebo, or the Right Prescription?


With the progress of society and the development of economy, the increase of international exchange has made the importance of advertising and advertising language translation work further enhanced. In commercial activities, only in line with the audience in the country or region of the language and cultural habits of the slogan translation, in order to accept the majority of advertising audiences accepted. From the perspective of relevance theory, the key to the success of advertising language translation is whether advertising translation can meet the best relevance principle. Based on the basic characteristics of advertising translation, this paper elaborates that the relevance theory can promote the translation of advertisements more directly to the advertising audience and realize the combination of relevance theory and advertisement translation by realizing the best association on the basis of deepening the theory of relevance. Best relevance. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of advertising language translation from the perspective of relevance theory, and puts forward seven strategies such as literal translation, free translation, transliteration, deletion, imitation, excess and transformation under the guidance of relevance theory. Work to provide more reference and reference.


Based on the experiment research of three concrete beam-column joints strengthened with anchored Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) under low reversed cyclic loading , this paper studys on the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of reinforced nodes, and also makes the anylasis of the influence mechanism of shear bearing capacity of beam-column joints with longitudinal land transverse carbon fiber reinforcement amount in the beam-colunm ends. The results show that: the bolt-plate lock-anchored CFRP hoops can effectively delay the debonding of the longitudinal CFRP at the end of beam, significantly increase the energy dissipation capacity of the joint.


Whether thyroid supplementation improves cognitive function in older adults with mildly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and normal free thyroxine levels (subclinical hypothyroidism) is unclear. In this community-based randomized U.K. study, 94 people (age, ≥65) with subclinical hypothyroidism received …


Objective
To study the clinical features, treatment methods and clinical outcomes of acute tibialis posterior tendon rupture.

Methods
Using "[(posterior tibial tendon) OR (tibialis posterior ten-don)] AND (rupture OR injury OR disruption OR trauma OR tear)" as the search words, we searched the PubMed database to retrieve the 19 articles involving 24 cases of acute tibialis posterior tendon rupture. The injury mechanisms, X-ray manifestations, operational findings, treatment methods and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results
The mechanisms of the fracture-related tibialis posterior tendon rupture included motor accident (50.0%, 12/24), falling from a height (41.7%, 10/24) and sports injury (8.3%, 12/24). The tendon rupture was mostly complicated with malleolar fracture (91.7%, 22/24), especially the pronation type (70.8%, 17/24). Direct suture of the tendon was adopted in 91.7% of the cases (22/24). Favorable out-comes were achieved in 95.5% of the cases (21/24).

Conclusions
Acute tibialis posterior tendon rupture is mostly seen in high-energy medial malleolus fracture. The mechanism of the rupture might be tendon distraction or bone flake incision. Early operation can lead to favorable outcomes.

Key words:
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction; Injury; Review


In an e-retailing setting, the efficient utilization of inventory, storage space, and labor is paramount to achieving high levels of customer service and company profits. To optimize the storage space and labor, a retailer will split the warehouse into two storage regions with different densities. One region is for picking customer orders and the other to hold reserve stock. As a consequence, the inventory system for the warehouse is a multi-item two-stage, serial system. We investigate the problem when demand is stochastic and the objective is to minimize the total expected average cost under some space constraints. We generate an approximate formulation and solution procedure for a periodic review, nested ordering policy, and provide managerial insights on the trade-offs. In addition, we extend the formulation to account for shipping delays and advanced order information.


We present an on-chip Dirac-cone metamaterial with an impedance-matched zero refractive index at λ = 1550nm. The design is a square array of air holes in 220-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) which offers compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology.


The full anharmonic stretching and bending potential of CO2 is determined to high accuracy from the measured vibration/rotation spectrum. The calculation consists of two stages: first, a direct explicit inversion of the data within a semiclassical self‐consistent‐field (SCF) treatment of vibrational dynamics and second, a refinement of this result by a first‐order perturbative approach that includes corrections to the SCF approximation, but assumes that the SCF‐inverted potential shows only small deviations from the true surface. The final result is tested by comparison of the energy levels calculated exactly from the determined potential against the original experimental input. Based on this criterion of accuracy in reproducing experimental frequencies, the present inverted potential appears more accurate than previous potentials obtained from empirical fitting of the data. These results indicate that the perturbatively corrected SCF inversion method is a very powerful tool for obtaining potential energy...


Homogeneous polyurethane microporous membranes were prepared using the method of solution phase inversion.Porous distribution,porous dimension and the micromorphology due to various factors such as concentration of PU solution,particle size and contents of additive and composition and contents of coagulation bath were discussed.Microstructure of the top surface,bottom surface and cross-section morphologies of PU membranes were studied with the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).SEM photomicrographs showed there were homogeneous porous distribution and controllable porous dimension in the surface of the membranes.The cross section also showed a spongy structure in the membrane.


We report here the case of a 37-year-old patient without comorbidities referred to our unit for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) resection of a submucosal lesion of the lower rectum. The lesion measured 40×30mm and did not present any mucosal abnormality (▶Fig. 1, ▶Fig. 2). An echo-endoscopy was performed prior to resection, showing an atypical anechogenic duct within the lesion (▶Fig. 3) without clear blood flow on Doppler analysis, which initially led to the suspicion of an ectopic gland or a fistulated rectal gland. We then decided to perform ESD. During the procedure, a large vessel was identified in the center of the lesion and was coagulated with the knife (▶Video 1). The entire dissection took 20 minutes. There were no complications after the procedure, including hemorrhage. Histology revealed an intestinal angiodysplasia of submucosal development (▶Fig. 4) with complete resection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of an intestinal angiodysplasia presenting as a submucosal tumor. The conventional treatment for mucosal intestinal angiodysplasia is argon plasma coagulation. This treatment is not without morbidity and does pose significant risks of perforation and delayed bleeding, especially for large lesions [1]. The treatment by mucosectomy of colonic angiodysplasias has already been described in case treatment by argon plasma coagulation fails [2]. In the case of large angiodysplasias or in this specific case of a pure submucosal lesion, ESD could offer the possibility of targeting coagulation on the feeding vessel [3]. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy in terms of recurrence rate of the submucosal dissection technique as well as its safety in the treatment of large intestinal angiodysplasias.


Background and motivation Brain rhythms have been postulated to play central roles in animal cognition. A prominently reported dichotomy of hippocampal rhythms, driven primarily by historic single-strata recordings, assigns theta-frequency oscillations (4–12 Hz) and ripples (120–250 Hz) to be exclusively associated with preparatory and consummatory behaviors, respectively. However, due to the differential power expression of these two signals across hippocampal strata, reports of such exclusivity require validation through simultaneous multi-strata recordings and cross-strata analysis of these oscillatory patterns. Methodology We assessed co-occurrence of theta-frequency oscillations with ripples in multi-channel recordings of extracellular potentials across hippocampal strata from foraging rats. We detected all ripple events from an identified stratum pyramidale (SP) channel based on rigorous thresholds relating to the spectro-temporal and spatial characteristics of ripples. We then defined theta epochs based on theta oscillations detected from each of the different channels spanning the SP to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) through the stratum radiatum (SR). We calculated the proportion of ripples embedded within theta epochs. Results We found ∼20% (across rats) of ripple events (in SP) to co-occur with theta epochs identified from SR/SLM channels, defined here as theta ripples. All characteristics of theta ripples were comparable with ripples that occurred in the absence of theta oscillations. Furthermore, the power of theta oscillations in the immediate vicinity of theta ripples was similar to theta power across identified theta epochs, together validating the identification process of theta ripples. Strikingly, when theta epochs were instead identified from the SP channel, such co-occurrences were significantly lower in number. The reduction in the number of theta ripples was consequent to progressive reduction in theta power along the SLM-SR-SP axis. We assessed the behavioral state of rats during ripple events and found most theta ripples to occur during immobile periods. We confirmed that across sessions and rats, the theta power observed during exploratory theta epochs was comparable with theta power during immobile theta epochs. In addition, the progressive reduction in theta power along the SLM-SR-SP axis was common to both exploratory and immobile periods. Finally, we found a strong theta-phase preference of theta ripples within the third quadrant [3π/2–2π] of the associated theta oscillation. Implications Our analyses provide direct quantitative evidence for the occurrence of ripple events nested within theta oscillations in the rodent hippocampus. These analyses emphasize that the prevalent dichotomy about the manifestation of theta-frequency oscillations and ripples needs to be reevaluated, after explicitly accounting for the differential stratum-dependent expression of these two oscillatory patterns. The prevalence of theta ripples expands the potential roles of ripple-frequency oscillations to span the continuum of encoding, retrieval, and consolidation, achieved through interactions with theta oscillations.


Background Escherichia coli asparaginase is an enzyme that depletes serum levels of asparagine. It is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and related forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Polyethylene glycosylated–asparaginase (pegaspargase), obtained by covalently attaching polyethylene glycol to the native enzyme, has been shown to sustain similar reductions in serum asparagine concentrations compared with the native enzyme. In addition, pegaspargase has a decreased immunogenicity and a prolonged half-life. The summary of product characteristics (Oncaspar) indicates that the intravascular infusion should be given over a period of 1–2 h but nothing is known on the long term stability and activity of the enzyme after dilution. Purpose Evaluation of the biological activity of pegaspargase diluted to 16 UI/mL in NaCl 0.9% and stored up to 48 h at 4°C and at room temperature. A study of drug degradation was also carried out. Material and methods Samples of pegaspargase solution diluted in NaCl 0.9% were stored refrigerated at 4°C and at room temperature and protected from light. The biological activity of the two solutions was determined by measuring hydrolysis of L-asparagine, and the ammonia released by the enzyme was quantified with Nessler's reagent. The absence of degradation products or aggregates in the two solutions was verified using size exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography (SEC-FPLC) under the following condition: Superdex 200 10/300 column; Tris buffer pH=8.6; 0.5 mL/min flow rate; 280 nm UV detection; 100 µL injection volume. Results In the samples stored both at 4°C and at room temperature, enzymatic activity was preserved over a period of 48 h. No degradation or aggregation was observed in these samples over the same period. Conclusion The variation in enzymatic activity of the diluted pegaspargase solutions compared with the fresh solution was less than 5% after 48 h, with no significant differences between storage at 4°C or at room temperature. Preservation of the enzymatic activity and the stability of the solutions evaluated will allow us to store pegaspargase for up to 48 h with costs savings and an improvement in patient compliance. A microbiological study is in progress to validate the aseptic manufacturing process in order to guarantee the sterility of the stored solutions. No conflict of interest.


The invention relates to water-soluble or water-dispersible compounds containing polyether chains and quaternary ammonium groups, a method for preparing them and their use in the recycling of waste paper.


2.5-D stacked ICs (2.5D-SICs) consist of multiple active dies (or 3D towers of active dies), which are placed side-by -side on top of and interconnected through a passive silicon interposer base which contains through silicon vias (TSVs). A known presented post-bond test and design for-test (DFT) strategy for such 2.5D-SICs put a Test Access mechanism (TAM) for interposer and micro–bump testing. It gives heterogeneous integration higher performance, bandwidth and lower power consumption. However, testing of 2.5D SOC is considered as one of the important dare and hence logical test techniques are needed. The objective of this paper is to design efficient test access mechanism (TAM) and test scheduling architecture of different dies of the SOC with different condition like power and TSV such that the overall test time of that SOC is reduced, here in this paper we extend that begin with the concept of Multivisit TAMs, that's mean parallel TAM which allow to visit the same die more than once, for minimal additional hardware cost. The multi – visit TAMS also help in identifying a valid parallel TAM and achieve significantly lower test lengths. In this work, we have proposed heuristic approaches. Experimental results are presented for several ITC02 benchmark SOCs which show promising results for different TAM width. IndexTerms–TAM(Test Acces Mechanism),DFT(Design for Testability) ,active Dies _____________________________________________*****____________________________________________


We consider the problem of identifying the signal shared between two one-dimensional target variables, in the presence of additional multivariate observations. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA)-based methods have traditionally been used to identify shared variables, however, they were designed for multivariate targets and only offer trivial solutions for univariate cases. In the context of Multi-Task Learning (MTL), various models were postulated to learn features that are sparse and shared across multiple tasks. However, these methods were typically evaluated by their predictive performance. To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies systematically evaluated models in terms of correctly recovering the shared signal. Here, we formalize the setting of univariate shared information retrieval, and propose ICM, an evaluation metric which can be used in the presence of ground-truth labels, quantifying 3 aspects of the learned shared features. We further propose Deep Canonical Information Decomposition (DCID) - a simple, yet effective approach for learning the shared variables. We benchmark the models on a range of scenarios on synthetic data with known ground-truths and observe DCID outperforming the baselines in a wide range of settings. Finally, we demonstrate a real-life application of DCID on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data, where we are able to extract more accurate predictors of changes in brain regions and obesity. The code for our experiments as well as the supplementary materials are available at https://github.com/alexrakowski/dcid


Integrating hypotheses from the international assignment and domestic stress literatures and applying them to 8,085 expatriates from 63 studies, we report meta-analyses of the determinants and consequences of expatriate adjustment. We also examine potential moderators and test the U-curve hypothesis about the temporal pattern of adjustment. Results emphasize the centrality, criticality and complexity of adjustment, strongly supporting linkages in the original Black, Mendenhall and Oddou (1991) model as well as our proposed extensions.


A large number of studies on small flying robots have been carried out. Flying robots need to land on specific heliports, thus necessitating the search for specific heliports. This paper reports a method for searching a heliport, in which data from an onboard camera and an ultrasonic sensor are processed using an onboard Raspberry Pi unit.


The administration of education is becoming increasingly a significant source of scientific and philosophic study. The principles and methods of scholarly inquiry are being indicated in research more generally than previously, and educational administration is being recognized more formally as a field of knowledge. The contents of the October 1955 and 1961 issues of the REVIEW depict, as does this issue, an enlarging intellectual grasp of educational administration. Traditional descriptive information continues to be plentiful. In addition, theoretical and empirical knowledge of administration reflecting the concepts and methods of the social sciences, history, and philosophy is developing. The organization and methods of government in education are being characterized extensively. The complex nature of policy determination is being revealed in terms of governmental and political activities and in terms of the actions of society generally. The people in education continue to be important subjects of inquiry. What they are like as individuals, how and why they organize and work together for particular purposes, and what various resources and environments mean to them highlight the theory and research. A science of educational administration is becoming known to students of administration. The contents of this issue differ somewhat from those of previous issues. Whereas indication of the institutional character and organizational character of education as well as of administration as an emerging science has been implicit previously, these concepts exemplify a general typology of educational administration as they are used in this issue. The subject matter emphasized includes the ecology of schools (Chapter I) ; governmental and political issues (Chapter II) ; the interrelationships of education and economics (Chapter III) ; organization, the individual, and the administrative process (Chapter IV) ; personnel administration (Chapter V) ; school management (Chapter VI) ; and the value of a science of administration (Chapter VI I ) . It is hoped that this typology will stimulate attempts to codify adequately this field of knowledge. Systematic arrangement of what is known and of what needs to be known is essential to furthering the study of educational administration.


Although Open Source (OS) was born as an ideological-oriented movement based on communities of volunteers, it is now shaped by the increasing involvement of for profit software companies. Whereas the business models based on OS have been attracting the interest of scholars in economics and management for a long, the role played by firms within OS community projects still needs investigation. This paper analyzes the impact of firms participation on success and software design quality of OS community projects hosted on the on line repository SourceForge. Results show that firms involvement improves the ranking of OS projects, but, on the other hand, lowers software quality, probably because of corporate constraints put on the OS developing practices.


A diverse body of feminist scholarship has addressed the masculine orientation of Western engineering education for at least four decades. Among critiques specifically targeting curriculum, a recur ...