The elderly was a natural process that can not be avoided. The many changing occurred due to biological aspects, psychological, social, economic, and health. The brain aging process was a part of the degeneration process caused neuropsychological disorder varieties. The present study aimed at analyzing the family support depression level of the elderly before and after being given an education. It used a randomized pre-experimental design with pretest and posttest One Group Only Design (in form of the community trial). The research was conducted in Selemadeg village for 4 months i.e. July to October 2016. The study population was all elderly in Selemadeg village. The sampling techniques with total sampling, which meets the criteria for inclusion and exclusion amounted to 400 people. Based on the data analysis showed that there was the very significant positive difference between family support with the depression level in the elderly before being given education as indicated by the value t < p-value (t = -39.001) and p = 0:01).


protests for civil rights, against the Vietnam War and cultural freedom more generally? Is the postwar era the same as the imagined 'Golden Age' in which academics were comfortably sat in their offices overlooking the green lawns of expanding state university campuses? From the chapters presented, one might observe that, in fact, much of what is attributed to the 'postwar era', in fact, had origins, not in the SecondWorldWar or even the cold war but, rather, began in the interwar period. One can see this with the development of Honors programs and evangelical education, each of which began in the 1920s. In fact, what we can see occurring during the supposedly conservative postwar period was considerable adaptations of earlier ideas to new conditions. Indeed, the overall impression of American Higher Education in the Postwar Era, 1945–1970 is that the period was characterised by considerable dynamism. Perhaps this institutional change was particularly out-of-step discursively with the more 'static' notions of functionalism and related theories of education and institutional integration? Yet these functionalist ideas have been passed down to us as characteristic of the period we remember as being a 'golden age' of stability and security. If this period was, in fact, as dynamic as the authors' contributions suggest, perhaps we should not only reinterpret the era itself, but the subsequent era: the 'radical 1960s'? Such theoretical reflections are not forthcoming amongst the editors, which is an unfortunate missed opportunity. Indeed, like many studies of the postwar USA, the book has a feeling of being a necessary survey of an important era, but one to be added to a collection in order to be comprehensive rather than being written because there is something distinctive that needs to be said. This is all the more unfortunate in so far as the 'revisionist' tradition with which the Perspectives series and its editors are associated did much to further our collective reinterpretation of nineteenth-century university history. Ultimately, a hard-boiled revisionist interpretation of the postwar 'golden era' of American university history remains to be written. Without question the chapters included within this volume will provide much and essential detail in this endeavour. Each is interesting on its own terms and connects with a range of themes of interest to historians of education. Neither these individual pieces, nor the book overall, however, fundamentally changes our conception of the period, which remains in the glossy black-and-white image of 1950s college yearbooks.


The purpose of this study is to identify the core and specific elements that are crucial to the performance of Technology Business Incubation (TBI) in Nigeria. Technology Business Incubator is a facility-based technology infrastructure that assists the small new business startups to develop. TBIs are planned to present newly formed enterprises the technical assistance and facilities. Business incubation initiatives have been implemented in developing countries including Nigeria since the 1990s with uneven levels of success There are so many factors that prevent a better operation of the Technology Business Incubation (TBI) in Nigeria which range from lack of adequate funding of the scheme to inconsistent government policies toward the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) on one hand and the development of Science, Technology and Innovative Policy on the other hand. The Methodology involves structured interviews on some selected expert group who are knowledgeable on the subject matter of business incubation as it relates to the technology incubation policy as well as the STI.


An outline is presented of the 10 basic changes that must be made in order to make software audits successful. The changes proposed are only the beginning of what is necessary. Evaluation processes must strive for continual improvement.<<ETX>>


INTRODUCTION: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious complication of myelosuppressive chemotherapy associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prophylaxis with G-CSFs reduces the risk of FN. While G-CSFs have been used for many years, there is little information on the factors US oncologists consider when making G-CSF use decisions or the impact of participation in emerging payment and delivery models.
 STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe oncologist's perceptions and opinions on national or institutional guidelines for G-CSF use, eligibility of patients for, and barriers to, G-CSF use stratified by physicians' institutional affiliation (i.e., Oncology Care Model [OCM] vs. non-OCM practice).
 METHODS: In May 2018, we recruited 200 randomly selected US oncologists from a national database to participate in a 30-minute, independent review board approved, online survey. Physicians from Vermont, Maine, and Massachusetts were not included because of the state regulations regarding survey participation. We specifically targeted recruiting at least 125 community-based oncologists and at least 50 oncologists primarily affiliated with an OCM practice. Survey questions were developed to include topics such as risk factors and criteria considered to determine a patient's FN risk level; drivers and barriers to G-CSF use; and perceptions and experience with G-CSFs. The survey was pilot tested by nine oncologists in pen and paper (n=5) and online (n=4) version to improve its content and clarity. Oncologists participating in the pilot were considered ineligible to participate in the main study. We calculated proportions (%) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for categorical variables collected via the survey.
 RESULTS: Of the 200 oncologists, 114 (57%) were hematologist-oncologists (vs. 86 oncologists), 125 (63%) were community-based (vs. 75 academic), and 70 (35%) were affiliated with an OCM practice (vs. 130 non-OCM). Most of survey participants (71%) followed National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for G-CSF use. More OCM affiliated oncologists reported that their practices offer, and strongly encourage them to follow, a specific treatment protocol for G-CSF use (49% [95% CI: 37%, 61%]) compared to non-OCM practices (31% [95% CI: 24%, 40%]). Furthermore, 65% of oncologists overall agreed or strongly agreed that all patients with high risk for FN should receive prophylaxis with G-CSF; 60% [95% CI: 48%, 71%] in OCM affiliated versus 68% [95% CI: 59%, 75%] in non-OCM affiliated oncologists. Half of the oncologists agreed or strongly agreed that benefits of G-CSF therapy outweighed the potential adverse effects (Figure 1). Overall, the most common reported barriers to G-CSF use among patients at high risk for FN included patient refusal (27%), limitations to prescribing based on set protocols and guidelines (27%), and concerns about insurance coverage (26%) with the ranking of barriers differing by OCM affiliation (Figure 2). Oncologists reported that among all patients receiving chemotherapy that they treated in the past 6 months, 46% (95% CI: 42%, 49%) of patients in curative setting and 37% (95% CI: 33%, 41%) of patients in metastatic setting received G-CSF for primary prophylaxis. Oncologists affiliated with practices that offer or strongly encourage to follow specific treatment protocol were more likely to use G-CSF for primary prophylaxis in curative setting (54% [95% CI: 47%, 61%] vs. 42% [95% CI: 37%, 48%]). A majority (67%) of the oncologists reported an increase in use of pegfilgrastim on-body injector in the last 2 years and attributed it to convenient dosing (67%) and patients' need for active lifestyle (45%).
 CONCLUSIONS: Despite national guidelines and evidence from clinical trials, only two-thirds of oncologists agree or strongly agree that all patients at high risk for FN should receive primary prophylaxis, and only half agree or strongly agree that benefits of G-CSF therapy outweigh the potential adverse effects. Oncologists affiliated with OCM practices had different opinions on barriers to G-CSF use than oncologists not affiliated with OCM. Decisions for G-CSF use may be affected by factors other than risk of FN, such as patient convenience, lack of reimbursement to the practice, concerns regarding insurance coverage, and practice-specific treatment protocols.

 McNamara: Adelphi Research: Consultancy. Gawade:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Belani:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kelsh:Amgen: Employment, Equity Ownership.


In applied probability one is often interested in the asymptotic behav- ior of a certain quantity. If a regenerative phenomenon can be imbedded, then one has the problem that the event of interest may have occurred but cannot be observed at the renewal points. In this paper an extension to the renewal theorem is proved which shows that the quantity of interest converges. As an illustration an open problem in risk theory is solved.


Objective To observe the variation of retinal outer nuclear layer cells in rds mouse postnatal 5 weeks by light microscope and electron microscope,and provide data for further study.Methods Forty-two rds mice were sacrificed at different time point postnatal 0 day,3 days,7 days,14 days,21 days,28 days,35 days.Eleven eyeballs were enucleated and immediately fixed with 10%(volume fraction) neutral formaldehyde.The thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer cells at the equator of the horizontal eyeball was measured by light microscope.Another eyeball was fixed with 2.5% (volume fraction)glutaral solution.Photoreceptor cells and disc membrane were observed by electron microscope.Results By light microscope,the inner nuclear layer cells and outer nuclear layer cells were not separated at postnatal 0 day and 3 days,but at postnatal 7 days in rds mice;The layer numbers of the retinal outer nuclear layer cells at the 7th,14th,21st,28th,35th day were respectively 9.55±0.69,10.09±0.70,9.00±0.63,8.27±0.65,and 7.91±0.70;From the 21st to 36th day,the layer numbers were decreased gradually.By electron microscope,the apoptosis of the outer nuclear layer cells were increased from the 14th day;Disc membrane of photoreceptor outer segment had formed at the 21st day,but parts were destroyed;Mitochondrion was rich at postnatal 0 day,3 days,7 days,but severely destroyed at the 14th day;External limiting membrane became unconnected from the 14th day.From the 7th day,more layers and phagocyte appeared in retinal pigment epithelium.Conclusion The decrease of retinal outer nuclear layer cells and the degeneration of the retinal disc membrane or mitochondrion and outer limiting membrane in the outer segment in rds mouse from the 21st day can offer experimental data for further study on rds mouse.


We present an efficient optimization method to determine the 3D pose of a human from a point cloud. The well-known ICP algorithm is adapted to fit a generic articulated template to the 3D points. Each iteration jointly refines the parameters for rigid alignment, uniform scale as well as all joint angles. In experimental results we demonstrate the effectiveness of this computationally efficient approach.


In this paper we deal with the battery degradation process and its possible impact on the scheduling of the electric bus fleet in the public transport system. The scheduling problem is quite well known and researched. Although, the nature of electric buses changes the base of problem due to the limited driving range and longer charging time in comparison to the conventional buses. Also, the battery goes through degradation process during the operation, which means its capacity is slowly reduced. From this reason the scheduling of the buses must be redone to preserve the service of all the trips. We model the scheduling problem as a mixed integer linear problem and solve it to optimality by a standard IP solver Xpress Ive. Our main goal is to investigate, how the solution and computation time changes with different maximum capacity of the battery. The performance is tested on datasets created from public transport system in Zilina.


Computing disparity images for stereo pairs of low texture images is a challenging task because matching costs inside low texture areas of the stereo pairs are almost similar. This problem can not be solved straightforwardly by increasing the size of aggregation windows or by using global optimization methods, e.g. dynamic programming, because those approaches will smooth depth discontinued boundaries as well. Based on the assumption that disparities of pixels in homogeneous regions are similar, this paper proposes a new method that is able to robustly perform stereo matching for low texture stereo images. The proposed method utilizes the edge maps computed from the stereo pairs to guide the cost aggregation process in stereo matching. By using edge maps, the proposed method can achieve the effect of using different shapes and sizes of aggregation windows. Moreover, the computational complexity of the proposed method is independent from the window size, similar to the moving average aggregation method. Experimental results from both of an artificial and a real stereo image sequence demonstrate that the proposed method can produce a larger number of and a better accuracy of reliable disparities for low texture stereo images than the moving average method.


The Society was said 'to poke its nose into everything' and this can be seen from the awards it made across a wide spectrum of activities, including the discovery of cobalt in the United Kingdom, mapping of English counties, improved methods of extracting the ore, assaying, reclaiming land, mining equipment, improving crucibles and portable furnaces. The Society also laid the groundwork for the Great Exhibition of 1851 and organized the second exhibition at South Kensington in 1862. From the mid-nineteenth century the Society's lecture program represented the wide range of its activities, including mineralogy and geology. This paper provides a brief overview on the work of the Society, its influence worldwide, and also highlights some individuals with a particular interest in mineralogy and geology, connected with the Society, including one of the founding members of the Geological Society of London, Arthur Aikin.


Abstarct: This paper presents an algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem in a power system. Modal analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Generator terminal voltages, reactive power generation of the capacitor banks and tap changing transformer setting are taken as the optimization variables. In this paper an intelligent water drop (IWD) algorithm has been proposed to solve this combinatorial optimization problem. Intelligent water drop algorithm is a swarm-based nature inspired optimization algorithm, which has been inspired from natural rivers. A natural river often finds good paths among lots of possible paths in its ways from source to destination and finally find almost optimal path to their destination. These ideas are embedded into proposed algorithm for solving reactive dispatch problem.


Mobile radio communications raise two major problems. First: a very poor radio link quality. Second: the users' mobility, which requires the management of their position, is resource consuming (especially radio bandwidth). This paper focuses on the second issue and proposes an intelligent method for users locating: the alternative strategy (AS). Our proposal is based on the observation that the mobility behavior of a majority of people can be foretold. If taken into consideration by the system, this characteristic can save signaling messages due to mobility management procedures, leading thus to savings in the system resources. Several versions of the AS are described: a basic version for long term events (i.e., received calls and registrations), and versions with increased memory for short and medium term events. The evaluation of the basic versions was performed using analytic and simulation approaches. It shows that storing the mobility related information brings great savings in system resources when the users have medium or high predictable mobility patterns. More generally speaking, this work points out the fact that the future systems will have to integrate users related information in order: firstly: to provide customized services and secondly: to save system resources. On the other hand, current trends in mobile communications show that adaptive and dynamic system capabilities require that more information to be collected and computed. >


To improve the anodic stability of ambient temperature electrolytes, a nontoxic solvent based on the sulfone polar group has been synthesized and evaluated i the presence of high potential cathode materials. Solutions of high stability salts such as LiClO{sub 4} and Li made in this solvent, withstand 5.8 V vs. Li{sup +}/Li before onset of oxidation, defined by a stringent criterion, even in the presence of high surface area electrodes such as activated charcoal on Pt. Reversible Li deposition and stripping is observed at negative potentials. This means not only that a wide range of overcharge protection is available for high voltage cathodes in current use, but also that exotic cathodes accepting electrons up to 5.5 V from Li{sup +}/Li may now be incorporated in rechargeable lithium cells.


On the basis of extensive coupled cluster calculations, the rotational spectra of the linear siliconand sulfur-containing carbon chains SiC 2nS (n51 – 3) in their singlet electronic ground state and SiC 3S in its triplet electronic ground state have been detected and characterized by means of molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined to high accuracy as well as the spin-spin coupling constant for triplet SiC 3S. In addition, theSi, S, and bothC isotopic species of SiC 2S have been detected, allowing the determination of both an effectiver 0 structure, as well as a mixed experimental–theoretical structure resulting from the combination of the measured rotational constants with the vibration– rotation coupling constants calculated ab initio. Several rotational satellite lines have also been observed for SiC2S and, on the basis of their predicted vibration–rotation and l -type doubling constants, were assigned to the two highest-frequency stretching modes v1 and v2 , and to a progression in the second lowest-frequency bending mode v4 up to 3v4 . Equilibrium structures and various spectroscopic properties are predicted for all SiC n species withn51 – 8. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1473807 #


We read with great interest the article by Zeng at al 1 who propose a new electrocardiogram (ECG) teaching method called the "graphics-sequence memory method". An ECG is one of the most important diagnostic tests and is currently used as a gold standard for the diagnosis of a number of cardiac diseases. We appreciate that it can be a challenging concept to teach, often bringing frustration to the educators trained in ECG interpretation. Zeng et al 1 highlight a deficiency in learning through the traditional Chinese disease-based teaching method, resulting in a relative inability to interpret ECGs where the diagnosis is not quite so straightforward. Accumulation of evidence 2 has suggested that a significant proportion of undergraduate medical students do not feel competent in their


The paper is devoted to investigation of high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) and the superconducting casings interaction with low magnetic fields including those of nature origin. We investigate the interaction of superconducting objects of small average density until 3 10 g/cm which was ideal diamagnetic. The results of investigations of HTSC interactions with low magnetic fields were included the experimental data in 3D-diagrams in FP/V – H coordinates, which described the spreading regions of effective interaction observation in the direction of reduction of magnetic fields intensity.


The structure of a zeolite ZSM-5 complex with ca. 4 molecules/unit cell of bithiophene was determined by high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. It adopts monoclinic symmetry in space group P21/n (a unique) between room temperature and 25 K, with refined lattice parameters at 25 K of a = 20.0614(4), b = 19.8251(4), c = 13.3623(4) A, and α = 90.848(2)°. Structural modeling and Rietveld refinements showed that there are two crystallographically unique bithiophene molecules, each with an occupancy factor of ca. 0.5. One bithiophene is localized at the center of the straight channels with one of the rings residing at the intersection with the sinusoidal channels. The other molecule lies in the sinusoidal channels and projects partially into the straight channels. The relationship between polythiophene chain length and the formation of conducting polythiophene molecular wires in the ZSM-5 framework is discussed.


We prove a sharp bound for the average value of the triple product of modular functions for the Hecke subgroup \Gamma_0(N). Our result is an extension of the main result in {Bernstein&Reznikov-2004} to a fixed cuspidal representation of the adele group PGL(2,A).


In the framework of a large-scale monitoring programme conducted by the Port Authority of Genoa, the east quay wall of the San Giorgio pier has been equipped with an array of SOFO fibre optic sensors for continuous monitoring. The system is in operation since fall 1999, and the paper is intended to present the first analyses and interpretations performed on the monitoring data. Correlation of raw data and curvature analysis to environmental conditions is also presented. A large-scale monitoring programme is being conducted by the Port Authority of Genoa to assess safety and degradation of existing structures and to keep records of the effects of service conditions as well as of the effects of retrofitting activities. In the framework of this programme, the first realisation has been the installation of a monitoring system composed by more than 60 SOFO fibre optic long-base sensors along the east quay wall of the San Giorgio pier. Originally designed for detecting possible disruption of the wall caused by nearby dredging, the system will remain in place for a long -term monitoring experiment. The system is operational since fall 1999, and analysis and interpretation of the first series of data is presently under way. Data show to be reach of information concerning the real structural behaviour but recognition of the mechanical phenomena taking place in the structure is proving to be a challenging problem. Attempting to correlate simple inputs to a characteristic structural response, environmental temperature variation has been recognised to be the leading cause of structural deformation. In the paper, the approaches to data analysis and interpretation that have been applied yet are presented and discussed, together with their correlation to temperature data. As a conclusion, strategies for the development of the system and further processing of the data are discussed.


Based on the mixed programming of VB and MATLAB,the trial control,trial data collection,trial curve automatic combined production,report printing and trial enquiry have been compiled together to research and develop viewdata collecting and processing software,which can make intellectual trial operation and management realisable,thereby improving trial accurary and scientific aspect.


philosophical works—in his introduction the octogenarian author charmingly acknowledges his debt to the excellent introduction to the topic by the nonagenarian Suss. Thus his handling of De Officiis covers more than the purely political aspects to which he properly confined himself in his earlier account. He has also added references to more recent literature. But while he has made such changes, and occasionally altered his views or emphases on points of detail, he presents essentially the same Cicero as before, and on him I cannot improve on R. Seager's observations in this Journal (vol. lx, 1970, 213-4). But one point may be added. Gelzer's favoured contrast between Caesar, statesman and man of foresight, and Cicero, the man of the moment, not only raises questions of fact (it may be thought), and of principle—as Seager says, how highly should we rate Machtinstinkt ?—it may also be worth suggesting that history is not only a survey of trends and tendencies but at least in part concerned with the question ' What was it like at the time ?' Thus in the perspective of two millennia many of Cicero's speeches seem trifling or idiotic, but they cannot have seemed like that to contemporaries. Gelzer questions whether De Domo sua, proud as Cicero was of it, can have gone down well at the time. Was it not too remote from the realities of politics ? It must seem so to us, conscious as we are of Lucca, and Pharsalus, and Actium. But it worked on the day, and to the suggestion that this fact was a reality of politics it is not enough to reply that Caesar was intellectually, as ultimately he was politically, above all this kind of thing—Cicero and his audience, politicians and public—the texture of the history of the late Republic is more complicated than that. But this argument will go on, presumably for ever, and it should be stressed that Gelzer's view of Cicero is a considered and reasoned one, and ultimately not an unsympathetic one—see especially his closing pages. Nor let it go unsaid that, especially in its new format, this is a splendidly readable work. Above all in the narrative sections, while appearing to do no more than let the sources speak for themselves, Gelzer produces an account at once economical and exciting: Caesar could hardly have done it better.


............................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... 7 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY .............................................................................. 15 2.


The scientific expeditions promoted by the Spanish crown in the late eighteenth century, considered as a whole, seem unprecedented in size, scope and ambition. The three great botanical expeditions to Peru, New Granada and New Spain, the Malaspina expedition and the Balmis vaccination expedition, together with numerous smaller ventures, were extraordinary for the ambitious scope of their inquiry, their ability to mobilize provincial naturalists, and the high quality of the work produced. Although Spanish in origin, these expeditions were truly international in that both foreign naturalists (e.g., Luis Nee and Thaddaeus Haenke) and Creoles who no longer perceived themselves as Spaniards played prominent roles. These activities were only part of Charles Ill 's ambitious science program which also included the pensioning of Spanish scientists in European centers as well as the employment in Spain of foreigners who, it was hoped, would bring modern science to the country. Engstrand's handsome volume describes two expeditions to the viceroyalty of New Spain, whose dependencies included Mexico, Guatemala, the Californias and northern Pacific coast stations, and the Caribbean islands. These were the Botanical Expedition of 1785-1800 and those portions of the Malaspina expedition touching the same regions (1789-1794). Most of the activities were botanical (Nee, Malaspina's botanist, collected nearly 16,000 plant specimens), although there was also some fine ethnography (J. M. Mocifio's description of the indians of Nootka), zoology and mineralogy, as well. In terms of scientific communication, Engstrand conveys the impression of a network of naturalists in the Linnean orbit, with its nerve center at the Botanical Garden of Madrid whose director, Casimiro Gomez Ortega, was an internationalist with a clear mission of bringing the Empire's flora and fauna into European scientific literature via Linnean taxonomy. The zoologist Jose Longinos, whose running arguments with the Botanical Expedition's leader, Martin de Sesse, provide a spicy undercurrent, was a Linnean's Linnean: he founded natural history museums in Mexico and Guatemala Cities whose exhibits were explicitly organized along Linnean lines. Engstrand's minute description of the activities of both expeditions, based on a far-flung network of archives where the naturalists' work reposes (Madrid, Seville, Geneva, London), lends meaning to Malaspina's testy inference that there was almost a surfeit of activity and that work was being duplicated by the legions of naturalists put into the field at the crown's expense. One would like more critical evaluation of the actual science produced. As Engstrand indicates, accurate identification was difficult to achieve because the naturalists carried only Linnaeus (the shipwrecked Haenke swam to shore, his copy in his nightcap) and a few other European authors whose knowledge of American taxa was defective. The volume includes samples of the exquisite work of the Expeditions' artists and five appendices, two of which are lists of the books carried by each expedition.


Based on three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, moving boundary technique and embedded pollutant transport model, the concentration field of the soluble and conservative liquid chemicals spilled into the tidal river was calculated and the chemicals movement around a jetty at DA Liaohe was simulated. By analyzing the simulation results, the chemicals motion law with tide and their concentration field on and in water were deduced.


The Density Functional Theory of chemical reactivity will be developed and discussed. The most important reactivity descriptors will be derived. Many empirical chemical concepts, like electronegativity, hardness, electrophilicity and others will be integrated to the theoretical models, and put into a general mathematical framework. Other completely new concepts, like the Fukui function will be presented. The main issues of the models will be also exposed. For instance, the discontinuity at integer number of electrons and the ill-defined local hardness will be discussed. The last advances in the field will be also discussed.


BACKGROUND: CT scan provides information about the anatomy and morphology, may confirm whether the change is single or has multifocal character and may suggest the probability of malignancy. Due to increased metabolism, at PET examination malignant tissues usually show a greater uptake of 18F-FDG than benign changes and healthy tissue. In several cases, PET-CT is described only by a specialist in nuclear medicine without consulting a radiologist. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of PET with assessment performed by a single nuclear medicine specialist and multidisciplinary assessment by both nuclear medicine and radiology specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PET-CT was performed in 58 consecutive patients referred from John Paul II Hospital in Cracow because of radiologically diagnosed solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) with diameter > 1 cm. An histopatological specimen was obtained in 37 patients. In 17 cases PET-CT images were evaluated by a single nuclear medicine specialist (group A), while for the remaining 20 cases, the image evaluation was performed shoulder-to-shoulder by a nuclear medicine specialist and a radiologist (group B). ANALYSIS OF DATA: Overall PET sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated on the basis of anatomopathologic results. These data were also calculated separately for groups A and B. RESULTS: The histopatologic examination demonstrated the non neoplastic character of 7/37 lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values for group A were 85.7%, 100%, 100%, 33.3% and 88% while for group B were 92.8%, 83.3%, 92.8%, 83.3% and 90% respectively. CONCLUSION: PET-CT is an accurate diagnostic method to assess the nature of solitary pulmonary nodules. The consultation with radiologist does not substantially affect the PET-CT diagnostic accuracy, but can lead to a higher negative predictive value.


Higher Education Gateway in India is likely to bring quality outcomes to the stakeholders namely Industry, Public and Engineering Institutions. But the attitude of the academic world is different towards these outcomes. This paper proposes to address the Gap in the quality perceptions of the Teachers and Students of Engineering Institutions. It will make known the perceptual divide between the Teachers and the Students with respect to the quality outcomes of the students and the teaching faculty. This in turn will ably support the Policymakers and the Academic Leaders to bridge the divide and implement best practices in Engineering Institutions. This will result in quality education which will be in line with the expectations / perceptions of the Industry Leaders. Consequently it will streamline the education process in tune with the demand for quality students in the Globalised environment


Bacterial suspension test was used to establish Standardization Test Method to investigate bactericidal activity of disinfectant/sanitizer product. Using acceptable verification methodology, test substance showing 5 log or higher reduction in viable count against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, representing Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, respectively, under test conditions for was considered to have sanitizing capability. All disinfectant/sanitizer products tested under manufacturer's recommended in-use condition gave good reduction values against major food-poisoning bacteria. This standardized method was valuable for evaluating efficacy of disinfectants/sanitizers and could be used as Standardization Test Method for assessing bactericidal activity


This chapter, which focuses on English law, considers preference for adoption in some circumstances from a comparative law perspective, before comparing the treatment of adoption to that of other forms of care: parental care, kinship care, foster care, and institutional care. It argues that although adoption is the most satisfactory outcome for some children, it should not be considered a panacea. While a range of options is available for children in England whose parents encounter difficulties in looking after them, the government has a stronger preference for adoption than is the case in many other jurisdictions. I view this preference with a critical eye, given that it is likely to be "easier" than investing properly in foster care services and other forms of lesser intervention.


Subtitle: About to receive its certification, the Twin Otter's comeback in the form of the Series 400 is one of entrepreneurialism and determination, as Bernie Baldwin reports.


Bettye Collier-Thomas's Jesus, Jobs, and Justice: African American Women and Religion is a historical and sociographic masterpiece. The work covers four centuries of African American religious history in tandem with the work of women's advocacy organizations and interracial coalitions. Broadly speaking, what makes this narrative so extraordinary is how Collier-Thomas creates a dialectical dialogue that transcribes competing and complicating justice-making programs into ecumenical strategies for transformation. It is refreshing to read about African American church women as executives in institutions committed to the abolition of slavery, the advent of Freedmen's aid societies, temperance unions, the suffragist movement, civil rights, Black Power for self-defense, and ongoing liberation struggles. The profound literary quality throughout this book, especially the usable truth embedded in the quoted words of politically active religious women, transforms this successful book of faith-in-action stories into an incredible encyclopedic text. As a womanist liberationist theologian, I celebrate Jesus, Jobs, and Justice as an authoritative source documenting how the religious beliefs of the "Black Church community" served as a double-edged sword. Reverberating throughout this work are testimonies about how confidence in the sovereignty of God helped women accommodate to what Collier-Thomas characterizes as "religious masculinity." Among those who embraced this sexist sentiment of elevated authority were laymen and "brotherhood" religious organizations led by African American clergymen who reacted to changes occurring in the national and political arenas regarding the status of women. In effect, men throughout the Black Church community, who were denied the right to vote as United States citizens, wanted to control and constrict women's freedom both in church and society after the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. At the same time that all women in the United States were guaranteed the right to vote (yet African American women continued to be disfranchised), anti-female sentiment and gender exclusive language declared that black church women should be involved tangentially, if not excluded altogether from executive administrative boards and leadership councils. In fact, African American men with ecclesiastical power, far too often, essentialized the process of religious masculinity by dismissing, marginalizing, and banishing women to the periphery in decision-making processes. So, while simultaneously fighting racism on the outside and battling against sexism on the inside, African American women held to their belief in God, whose sufficient power, knowledge, and presence gave them emotional poise and spiritual well being so that they could keep on keeping on. Moreover, the womanist agenda requires us to link dynamics in local parishes to larger national and international liberation discourse. Collier-Thomas insists that we pay attention to the answers far too many Christians give to the most basic questions concerning whether God gave men dominion over women. Collier-Thomas offers us scholarly commentary, supported by historical evidence, so that readers can see everyday practices of what was formerly known as "the invisible package of unearned assets." Coded as the natural order of things or normalcy, men minimized, ignored, trivialized, manipulated, and/or denied females full opportunities of serving God in the household of faith. Collier-Thomas's narrative carefully demonstrates the particular workings of de facto sexism in the African American religious community. Collier-Thomas painstakingly pursues throughout the 509 pages of text this question: Does God create females inferior to males? This paramount inquiry goes to the heart of the gender conflict in the Black Church, then and now. More significantly, are men destined to rule over women? According to the divine plan, are husbands ordained to be kings of the castle, masters of the household, the head of the family, possessing unquestionable authority to use and abuse wives at will and whim, as well as having total control in determining how and where children will be raised? …


For many years now NLR has been involved in unsteady pressure measurements at oscillating wind tunnel models. Development of the measuring technique has kept pace with both the increasing extent and accuracy of the required data and with the availability of modern systems for data acquiring and handling. Pressure measurements are being conducted at present through the use of a computer-controlled data acquisition and reduction system called PHAROS (Processor for Harmonic Analysis of the Response of Oscillating Surfaces). This system is essentially a multichannel transfer function analyzer, through which U8 channels can be operated simultaneously. An example of this recent development is discussed in this paper, which concerns an investigation of a two-dimensional 12 % thick super critical wing model oscillating in pitch and heave at transonic speeds. The test was performed in the NLR Pilot tunnel, The paper concludes with the presentation of some typical measured results.


We evaluated the magneto-optical properties of spin-valve (SV) stacks with perpendicular magnets comprised of a Gd-Fe (4-30 nm) free layer and a Tb-Fe-Co/CoFe pinned layer, and the spin-transfer switching properties of current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) SVs with the perpendicular magnets. The Gd-Fe free layer had polar Kerr rotation thetask of 0.12deg at a thickness of 10 nm. The thetask reduced with a decrease in GdFe thickness and the sign of thetask switched from positive to negative at a Gd-Fe thickness of 6 nm or thinner. Coercivity (Hc) was maximum and saturation magnetization (Ms) was minimum at a thickness of 8 nm. These phenomena may be explained by an inhomogeneous Gd-Fe composition. The CPP spin valves with the Gd-Fe (10 nm) free layer had a magneto-resistance (MR) of 0.038%. The free layer of a CPP SV device was switched by a pulsed current, which exhibited intrinsic switching current densities of Jc0_P- AP= -3.3times107 A/cm2 and Jc0_ AP-P= 4.3times107 A/cm2 with a thermal stability of 75, which is above the required value of 40. Perpendicular magnets are very useful for obtaining large magneto-optical signals from nano-magnets driven by spin-transfer switching.


This paper reports the scaling guidelines for CMOS technologies optimized for supply voltages lower than standard values in low power applications. The optimum device structures for several lithographic generations targeted for common supply voltages are provided, using an analytical simulator/optimizer incorporating appropriate physically based models. It is shown that lowering the power consumption without significant performance loss is possible. The advantages of scaling the threshold voltage with supply voltage are emphasized.


Glaciers from the West side of the Royal Andes are an important source of fresh water for some of the most important Bolivian cities like El Alto. Temperature is an important datum for hydrological modelling and for glacier melt estimation. All temperature measurement devices have some degree of uncertainty due to systematic errors; thus, any temperature measurement has some errors. It is important to estimate the influence of such errors on the results from hydrological models and the estimation of melt water. The present study estimates the melt water contribution from the glaciers Tuni and Huayna West as a source of water supply for human consumption of El Alto considering the errors from temperature measurements. The hydrologic response of the basins was simulated with a hydrologic model. The glacier melt contribution was estimated as the difference between the discharge from the current scenario (with glaciers) and the discharge from a scenario without glaciers. Several volumes of melt water were estimated considering the temperature measurement and its possible errors. The uncertainty of such melt water volume was addressed by performing a Monte Carlo analysis of the possible melt water. The melt water contribution from glacier Tuni and Huayna West during the hydrologic year 2011-2012 was between 1.37 × 106 m3 and 1.72 × 106 m3. Such water volume is enough to meet the yearly water demand of between 6.81% and 8.55% of El Alto.


The preparation of diethyl α-ethoxymethylene-succinate (IIc) from diethyl-α-formyl-succinate (Ia) is described. A study of the C- and O-alkylation of the β-aldehyd-ester Ia is reported.


Glacio-isostatically induced seismic activity is recognized to play a major role in triggering submarine mass-movements along formerly glaciated continental margins. Ice load removal is known to cause fault instability and generate many earthquakes in these regions immediately after deglaciation. With rates of forced regression of ~7 m/100 yr at time of deglaciation (8-7 ka BP), southeastern Hudson Bay stands out as the region of the world with the highest recorded glacio-isostatic rebound. Although no evidence for past high magnitude earthquakes has been reported so far in the region, it is probable that such high rates of postglacial rebound generated seismicity shortly after ice retreat. Here we report on deglacial marine sediments traced over an extensive area of southeastern Hudson Bay that have been largely affected by submarine massmovements during and shortly after their deposition. Exposures of ice-contact submarine fans today found on land show widespread occurrence of sliding and slumping, debris flow, liquefaction and dewatering structures. On the seafloor, a finer-grained deglacial sediment unit (i.e., more distally deposited) observed on subbottom acoustic profiler data show faults, slumps, debris flow lenses and abrupt discontinuities that pre-date the deposition of overlying postglacial sediments. High sedimentation rates during deglaciation generated excess pore pressure that preconditioned failure. However, high magnitude earthquakes possibly triggered mass-movements in southeastern Hudson Bay following deglaciation, as indicated by (1) the continuity of sediment deformation over a large area, (2) the presence of deformation in both submarine fans and distally deposited sediments, (3) similarities between the observed deformation structures with other earthquake-induced structures (seismites), (4) the fact that the deglacial sediments were deformed prior to the deposition of postglacial sediments that show only minor and superficial mass-movements features, and (5) the timing of their deposition, i.e. during a period of rapid glacio-isostatic rebound that had the potential of causing fault instability.


Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) plays a major role in current technologies such as rehabilitation, control of devices, and various medical applications. BCI or brain-machine interface provides direct communication between a brain signal and an external device. In this paperwork, a detailed survey was carried out with the design of single-channel EEG system for various applications. Also, this paper mainly focused on the development of single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) signal acquisition system which includes a preamplifier, bandpass filter, post-amplifier and level shifter circuits. The design of the preamplifier and post-amplifier circuit was carried out by integrated circuits (IC) such as instrumentation amplifier IN128P and bandpass filter with the help of low power operational amplifier LM324. The developed single-channel acquisition board was tested by acquiring an electrooculogram (EOG) signal with closed and opened eye conditions. The acquired signal is displayed and stored in the computer with the help of the HBM-DAQ unit.


In this thesis, it is analyzed that the application and release of flexible memory can be accomplished in two ways, malloc/free and new/delete. Besides, the differences between the two ways, main points of using them and the means of dealing with memory being fully occupied are also illustrated and explained in details. Also, common mistakes occurring in memory are further discussed and countermeasures are pointed out in accordance.


Native kinetoplastid membrane protein‐11 (KMP‐11), purified from crude extracts of Leishmania donovani parasites, activates T cells from individuals who have recovered from visceral leishmaniasis. In this work we used three 38‐mer peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of the L. donovani KMP‐11 as solid‐phase ligands in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and as stimulating antigens in lymphoproliferative assays in order to evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses to well‐defined sequences of the protein. Antibody reactivity against the three peptides was measured in plasma from 63 Sudanese visceral leishmaniasis patients (VL) and the percentage of patients with anti‐KMP‐11 antibodies in ELISA were 37% (KMP‐11‐1), 30% (KMP‐11‐2) and 58% (KMP‐11‐3). The fraction of VL patients with measurable antibody reactivity in one or more of the three ELISAs was 79%. Cross‐reactivity to the KMP‐11 peptides was detected in plasma from Sudanese patients suffering from Leishmania major infections and in plasma from Sudanese and Danish patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum. In lymphoproliferative assays, 10 of 17 PBMC isolates from donors previously infected with L. donovani showed a response to one or more of the three KMP‐11 peptides.


Chemical and firefighter turnout for equipment clothing of biological protection is provided. Protection fabric can provide protection from at least one chemical agent or biological agent, including a material having both at least one of the sorption material, a reactive substance or sorbent properties, the reactivity. Sorptive material, reactive material or sorbent / reactive material, preferably, to be able to extend the clothes life, reactivation, it is possible to reproduce or removal and replacement. Woven fabric, clothing, and in embodiments of the method for manufacturing a woven and / or clothing, in protective clothing, the sorption / reaction capability, flame resistance, moisture permeability, liquid impermeable, unique combination of comfort and durability It can be provided Te.


This work introduces three new SRAM cell configurations based on a microthyristor as a binary storage element. We designed these cells and outlined their fabrication process. Their performance has been simulated using the PSPICE circuit simulator. It was found that the delay time is about one nanosecond, the power dissipation amounts to 0.8 /spl mu/W for the logic one and the cell size is about 10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. These characteristics outperform the classical CMOS SRAM cell implemented with the same minimum feature size of 2/spl lambda/=0.38 /spl mu/m. Introducing these SRAM cells a new development phase for SRAM cells could be started having impact on advanced logic systems.


From the Publisher:
Oracle is the leading vendor of database software, which is essential for supporting mission-critical applications, online and off. Ensuring high-quality performance and continuous availability of Oracle software is a key focus of database managers. Geoff Ingram explains why performance needs to be addressed right from the design stage, and why it needs to cover the entire system, not just the database.


Different metal organic frameworks, MIL-101(Al) and MIL-101(Fe), were compared to use in fixing active components H3PMo6W6O40 (abbreviated as POM in this work) and the Fe3O4 was also introduced to ...


The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR) recognizes that there is public concern about the safety of exposure to the radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) fields from hand-held, portable, and mobile cellular telephones. Several national and international organizations have established guidelines for human exposure to radio frequency energy. These include the IEEE C95.1 standard [1] and the recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) [2], the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [3] and the National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB) in the United Kingdom [4]. While these guidelines differ in some respects, their limits in the frequency range used by wireless communications devices are broadly similar. The consensus of the scientific community, as reflected in these exposure guidelines, is that exposure to RF energy below recommended limits in these guidelines is safe. In the USA the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorizes the marketing of wireless communication devices that comply with its exposure guidelines [5]. The FCC guidelines, which are based on the NCRP exposure limits, were developed to protect workers and the general population from harmful exposure to RF fields and have been promulgated because of FCC legal responsibilities under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). European and other countries have their own specific requirements. Measurements have shown that RF exposure to individuals from use of cellular telephones and other low power wireless transceivers is normally within recommended limits. Some cell phones and other wireless transceivers can affect the operation of heart pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, or other body-mounted medical devices, if the phone is placed directly next to the devices (within a few centimeters). Individuals with such devices should follow their physicians' recommendations regarding safe use of wireless transceivers. BACKGROUND The use of cellular telephones has increased rapidly during the late 1990s. Newer wireless communication technologies also employ hand-held transceivers. These include specialized mobile radio (SMR) and personal communications services (PCS) (which are also cellular wireless systems). Currently there are over 80 million cellular phone users in the United States and its territories and possessions. The number of cellular phone users world-wide is estimated to reach 500 million by the year 2001 and 700 million by the year 2003. This report addresses the concerns that have been expressed by some members of the public about the safety of exposure to radio frequency (RF) radiation from handheld communications devices, with particular reference to cellular telephone handsets. When considering possible hazards from exposure to wireless transmitters, several considerations must be taken into account. The first consideration is frequency because exposure guidelines vary with frequency. Wireless communications operate in a variety of frequency ranges. In the USA, hand-held and mobile cellular telephones operate at frequencies between 824 and 849 MHz , while digital personal communication systems (PCS) operate in the 1850-1990 MHz band. Portable transceivers (such as "walkietalkies") used for two-way communication typically operate near 30, 150 and 450 MHz. Cordless telephone units typically operate near 50, 915, or 2450 MHz. A second consideration is the power output of the transmitter, and its distance from the body. Hand-held units (either cellular phones or other communications handsets) operate at comparatively low power levels but are used very close to the body. Mobile units operate at higher power levels, but their transmitting antennas are located some distance from their users. A person's exposure to RF energy can be measured in several ways. For assessing exposure from transmitters located near the body, the most useful quantity is the specific absorption rate (SAR). SAR is a measure of the power absorbed in the body (either in a localized region of tissue or averaged over the whole body), expressed in units of watts per kilogram of tissue. The various exposure standards cited above are designed to limit the SAR in the body to safe levels. RF Safety Standards and Guidelines A number of organizations have established limits for human exposure to RF fields. These include the IEEE [1], the NCRP [2], the ICNIRP [3], and the United Kingdom National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB) [4]. (A table of acronyms and definitions is in the Appendix.) There are, in addition, various governmental limits that are usually based on these standards. The different standards vary somewhat in their exposure limits and in other particulars. However, at frequencies used for wireless communications systems, these different guidelines are broadly similar. Most of these guidelines specify two sets of limits, typically for occupational and nonoccupational (general public) exposures. The IEEE-C95.1-1991 standard [1] distinguishes instead between "controlled" environments (any location where people are aware of a potential exposure) and "uncontrolled" environments. Most of these standards have limits for power density that are five times higher for controlled environments (or occupational exposure) than for uncontrolled environments (or for the general public) at frequencies up to 3,000 MHz. All of these standards include provisions for different exposure situations. These include limits for whole-body exposure or partial body exposure (which is more relevant to users of wireless communications). The standards also require that the exposure be averaged over time periods ranging from 6-30 minutes [1] (which means that incidental exposures shorter than the averaging time can be higher than the limits). In addition, the IEEE standard has a "low power exclusion" that exempts low-powered devices from the necessity for exposure testing. (Most hand-held transceivers, including cellular handsets, fall within this exclusion.) Other guidelines (such as ICNIRP guidelines [3] and FCC guidelines) do not include such an exclusion. All of these standards were developed by committees of scientists and engineers, who examined the scientific literature to identify potential hazards of RF exposure. Major standards were based on a comprehensive review of several thousand scientific papers, including engineering studies, whole-animal and cellular studies, and human (epidemiological) studies. The standards were approved only after a long review process involving a range of stakeholders including in many cases the general public. Following their reviews of the scientific literature, most committees concluded that the most sensitive reproducible effect is the disruption of learned behavior in trained laboratory animals. This effect, which has been observed in several species of animals and under various RF exposure conditions, occurs at a whole-body SAR of about 4 W/kg. This RF energy absorption rate, which is associated with an increase in body temperature, stimulates the animal to stop performing a complex learned task. Such behavioral change is reversible and not considered harmful to the animal. The assumption is made, although not yet tested, that exposures at this level (same whole body SAR) would have comparable effects in humans. At considerably higher levels of exposure, thermal stress can occur that is similar to that produced by excessively hot environments or strenuous exercise.Despite a considerable amount of speculation in the scientific literature, no mechanism has been established by which electromagnetic fields at levels below recommended limits can produce biological damage of clinical consequence[6]. Only limited data are available about human exposures to RF energy, particularly longterm exposures. There have been a few studies involving the exposure of human subjects to RF energy similar to that emitted by cell phones, but no convincing evidence has emerged to indicate the potential for hazardous effects. An excellent review of the literature in this area has been given by Moulder et al. [7]. Two epidemiology studies have been published that bear on the question of a possible risk of brain cancer from the use of cell phones. Rothman and co-workers [8,9] have reported no differences in mortality between the users of hand-held portable phones (where the antenna is placed close to the head) and mobile cellular phones (where the antenna is mounted on the vehicle). Hardell et al [10,11], in a study of several hundred Swedish brain tumor patients, found no statistically significant associations between use of cell phones and brain cancer. It should be noted, however, that brain tumors (and other cancers) take many years to develop, far longer than the duration of exposure of most the subjects in these studies. In summary, there is no evidence, from laboratory or epidemiology studies, that exposure to RF energy at levels below recommended limits has any health significance for humans. Exposures Produced by Cellular Telephones Cellular telephones used in the U.S. are required to operate within FCC guidelines. Those sold in Europe may have to comply with local guidelines, which in many countries are similar in nature but less restrictive than those of the FCC. Compliance is verified by experimental and/or theoretical assessment of the SARs produced by the phones in models of the head of the user. Because of the large safety factor incorporated into the standards, the regulatory limits are far below the anticipated thresholds for hazards. Manufacturers in general design cellular phones that comply with regulatory limits, although at least one manufacturer has had to recall cellular phones because operating power levels were slightly higher than authorized and SAR levels were somewhat in excess of specified limits.


Objective: To study the expression of P53,P63 protein expression and cellular apoptosis in gastric carcinoma.Methods: 57 cases of gastric carcinoma and 20 normal controls were recruited in this study.The tumor tissues and para-cancer tissues resected surgically were examinated.The expression of P53 and P63 protein were detected immunohistochemically,and the apoptosis was shown by tunnel labeling method.Results: Expressions of P53 and P63 in the gastric cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in the paracancer tissue(P0.05),low differentiated adenocarcinomas showed higher expression rate than those of moderate and high differentiated(P0.05),and cases with lymph node metastasis had higher expression of P53 P63 than those with no lymph node metastasis(P0.05).Moreover,the AI(apotopsis index) decreased in the cancer tissues with high expression levels of p53 and P63.The AI of early stage gastric cancer were lower than end stage(P0.05).Conclusions: The higher expressions of P53 and P63 in the gastric carcinoma may be contributed to the inhibition of cell apoptosis,and the abnormal mechanism of apoptosis may lead to the proliferation of gastric cancer being out of control.


Abstract The present article seeks to identify the reasons why some articles are more cited than others, with a specific focus on the recent and innovative research area of the sharing economy. To determine how characteristics of the research drive citations, we carry out a systematic analysis of articles published from 2012 to 2018 in high-impact social science journals. Comparative analyses were conducted to visualise what features relate to higher citations. The results show that citations vary depending on the approach, field, unit of analysis, and the data analyses used in the research. Our contributions will be useful both for authors when deciding the type of analysis to undertake and the journal to which to send their papers, as well as for editors setting editorial policy.


A systemic revision of the literature was realized with the purpose of analysis which physical exercises are recommended for pregnants, as well as identify its benefits and its risks. The search regards Portuguese articles published between 2007 and 2017 at database of SCIELO, MEDLINE and LILACS using the following keywords: physical activity; physical exercise; pregnancy. After reading the summaries and full articles were included 7 articles in the present work. Seems consensus that practice light or moderate physical activities don't consist risk factor for pregnants and could represent a protection factor. Through this research was possible to identify some benefits of the well oriented and regular physical activities along pregnancy, for instance, a minor gain of weight, a minor rate of caesarean sections, decrease low back pain, reduction blood pressure, reduction in the rates of pregnant women who developed gestational diabetes, among others. However, the recommended activities for pregnant women are low-risk, being aerobic and anaerobic, low-intense or moderate ones, always controlling heart beats and blood pressure so that there is no complication with the pregnant woman and the fetus.


Multi-class classification schemes typically require human input in the form of precise category names or numbers for each example to be annotated – providing this can be impractical for the user when a large (and possibly unknown) number of categories are present. In this paper, we propose a multi-class active learning model that requires only binary (yes/no type) feedback from the user. For instance, given two images the user only has to say whether they belong to the same class or not. We first show the interactive benefits of such a scheme with user experiments. We then propose a Value of Information (VOI)-based active selection algorithm in the binary feedback model. The algorithm iteratively selects image pairs for annotation so as to maximize accuracy, while also minimizing user annotation effort. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-class active learning approach that requires only yes/no inputs. Experiments show that the proposed method can substantially minimize user supervision compared to the traditional training model, on problems with as many as 100 classes. We also demonstrate that the system is robust to real-world issues such as class population imbalance and labeling noise.


Objective:To observe therapeutic efficacy and investigate active mechanism of Imiquimod in the treatment of bronchial asthma in guinea pigs.Methods:Asthma models of guinea pigs were established and divided into 5 groups as ①control group,②inhaled imiquimod group,③digested imiquimod group,④swabbed genitalia group and ⑤placebo group respectively.Afor two weeks Guinea pigs models provided peripheral blood, BALF and lung tissue for detecting serum IgE, BALF leukocyte count and differential count, and eosinophil,lymphocyte count around bronchus with diameter 0 1 to 0 3 mm.Result:By statistical analysis,serum IgE value,BALF leukocyte count,eosinophil rate in differential count,eosinophil and lymphocyte count around bronchial wall have significant differences while each imiquimod therapeutic group compared with control group or placebo group(t test,u test,P0 05),but lymphocyte rate in differential count has no significant difference among imiquimod therapeutic groups, positive group and placebo group(u test,P0 05).There are significant differences in serum IgE,leukocyte and eosinophil in differential count, eosinophial and lymphocyte count around bronchial wall among 3 imiquimod therapeutic group(ANOV,P0 05).Conclusion:Imiquimod was able to decrease the infiltration of inflammatory cells into bronchus and lung tissue.It mainly works through down-regulating eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers, eosinophils'rate in bronchus-lung tissues and serum IgE value.Inhaled imiquimod therapy may bea better administration path.


This paper introduces a set of conditions on a class of arrows in a bicategory which is weaker than the one given in the literature but still allows a bicalculus of fractions. These conditions allow us to invert a smaller collection of arrows so that in some cases we may obtain a bicategory of fractions with small hom-categories. We adapt the construction of the bicategory of fractions to work with the weaker conditions. We further discuss conditions under which there are canonical representatives for 2-cells, and how pasting of 2-cells can be simplified in the presence of certain pseudo pullbacks and introduce how this can be applied to orbifolds.


Over the last decades, long-term care institutions have been challenged to develop client-centered care, meeting the needs and wishes of the people who are dependent on care services. People who live in long-term care facilities, such as residential care homes, are increasingly being considered as clients, consumers and citizens with a valuable voice instead of as vulnerable patients who do not need, cannot have or do not want to have influence. This thesis is about the influence of older people who live in residential care homes on collective issues that affect their life in the institutional context. It explores how this influence takes place and how it can be developed in a way that is valuable to all who live and work in residential care homes. The introductory chapter, Chapter 1, describes the background of power and influence of older people who live in residential care homes. On the one hand, this power tends to be limited, due to the impact of totalitarian and repressing environments of health care institutions and ageism, leading to structural dependency, depersonalization, disengagement and frailty of older people who live in residential care homes. On the other hand, new developments can be distinguished that counter the lack of influence of older people in residential care homes, including individualization, the rise of a negotiation culture and liberalization of national health care policy. These developments have led to the coming into existence of patient movements, client-centered/demand-driven care, and patients as 'third party' in policymaking. Patients, including older people who live in residential care homes, are increasingly being seen as consumers of care services, whose power is channeled by their consumerist voice, supposedly based on rationally informed decisions. The consumerist approach can be at odds with the possibility of patients acting from a sense of citizenship, with an eye for others, solidarity and contributing something to society. At the intersection of the consumerist and citizen approach towards patients, the Wet Medezeggenschap Cliënten Zorgsector (WMCZ) is a legal act that obliges every care organization in the Netherlands to commission a client council (resident council in long-term care). The development of this legal act can be seen as part of the increased political and societal attention for supporting vulnerable groups, such as patients, to determine their own lives despite the vulnerable situation (physically, mentally and/or socially) they find themselves in. 243 Summary At the same time, client councils can be …


Keith A. Hobson is a senior Research Scientist with Environment Canada in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Saskatchewan in 1991 and currently holds an adjunct professorship there. Previously, hewas active in the field of physics and participated in radiocarbon dating studies at Simon Fraser University. Hobson began his biological research career with studies of diving behavior and diurnal roost-site use of Pelagic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) in British Columbia. He examined aspects of the behavioral ecology of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) for his M.Sc. degree at the University of Manitoba, and his Ph.D. research on trophic segregation among high-Arctic seabirds using stable-isotope analyses was completed at the University of Saskatchewan in the early 1990s. He continues to develop stable-isotope techniques in the study of seabird feeding ecology. Currently, he is also involved in studies of boreal-forest songbirds, with particular emphasis on the effects of forestry practices on population dynamics and distribution. Hobson is widely known for his research on the development of stable-isotope techniques in evaluating avian diets and tracking


: 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is a highly valuable biobased rigid diol resembling aromatic monomers in polyester synthesis. In this work, BHMF is enzymatically polymerized with various diacid ethyl esters by Candida antarctica lipase b (CALB) via a two-stage, three-step method. A series of novel biobased furan polyesters are successfully produced, with number average molecular weights ( (cid:31) (cid:30) (cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29)(cid:29) ) of around 2000 g/mol. 1 H-NMR and MALDI-ToF MS analysis indicate that etherification side reactions occur during the enzymatic polymerization, which lead to the formation of low molecular weight products. Moreover, the chemical structures, microstructures and end groups, and crystalline and thermal properties of the synthetic BHMF-based polyesters are extensively investigated. Furthermore, the effects of the number of the methylene units in the dicarboxylic segments on the physical properties of the obtained furan polyesters are discussed.


In accordance with the actual situation in the private communication networks in coal industry, the article discusses the relation between the power supply quality during operation and the planning, design and construction of power supply, maintenance staff's quality and daily maintenance of the power supply, attaches the importance on each job, makes a detailed description on the battery operation and maintenance. The reliable DC power system is one of the way to assure the high quality and efficiency of the private networks in operation. Therefore, it is very critical to do good in power supply maintenance.


While critics have argued that the films of Singapore director Jack Neo posit a critique of the state, this essay will argue the contrary. In deploying Chinese 'dialects' his films may appear to give voice to the Chinese-speaking masses in Singapore, especially those who have been marginalized by the state's political economy, which clearly favours the educated and English-speaking milieu. For the Chinese-speaking masses, his films may even appear to act as a medium or outlet for 'anti-state' criticisms which they feel but cannot articulate, since criticism of the government is essentially prohibited here. However, as this essay will demonstrate, Neo uses such linguistic idioms only as a foil to further perpetuate government propaganda: he uses Chinese 'dialects' to draw his intended audience to his side, and once they are taken in, he persuades them to reconcile with unpopular government policies. In other words, Neo's films constitute an extension of state politics via cinematic means, rather than an authentic political critique. As this essay also suggests, unveiling Neo's manipulation of language in his films as such will be critical to uncover not only Neo's underlying political intent, but also the unequal distribution that underlies the state's language policies.


Debureaucratization initiatives are usually welcomed due to the anticipation of its benefits. Although such was the case of Simplex, its effectiveness is yet understudied and thus this scientific article aims to make a balance of the implementation of Simplex project. This balance covers both its effectiveness on the specific case of the Portuguese Social Security System as well as its levers and blockages in the ultimate goal of debureaucratize.The scarcity of information about Simplex impact encouraged this exploratory research as well as the methodological option that backed up a qualitative approach. Findings suggest Simplex is much more than deadlines and cost decrease, and improving people's lives. It is not just information and communication technologies (ICT), administrative simplification and legislative simplification. Simplex has a 360o impact. It is relationship, communication and information.To achieve this, measures must be transversal to Public Administration (PA) and the private sector, demanding participation, transparency and accountability, valuing the human resources, as the best asset, because it is necessary to guarantee equity and generate trust in citizens in order to uphold the image of Social Security. But this also requires working the culture, in its most diverse facets, all with the political commitment.Overall, a suitable number of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that allow monitoring and the comparability of the results is required as well as identifying constraints and blockages, and implementing corrective measures to reduce the risks of Simplex. In this way can Simplex become a tool of continuous improvement.


Accessibility is a key feature for the optimal performance of fluid cracking catalysts. The active cracking sites and the sites responsible for trapping the catalyst poisons as vanadium, nickel, nitrogen, sodium and others, should be easily accessible to the large hydrocarbon molecules in the feedstock.


Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are rare neoplasms. The purpose of the present study is to better characterize the clinical course, treatment, and prognostic factors of metaplastic breast carcinomas.


In this work, the local structure and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters g factors g// and g┴ and the hyperfine structure constants A// and A┴ of a tetragonal Ni+ center (i.e.,[NiF4]3-cluster) in CaF2 are theoretically investigated, using the high order perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d9 ion in tetragonal symmetry (elongated octahedron), in these formulas, the contributions to the spin Hamiltonian parameters from the s-and p-orbitals as well as the spin-orbit coupling coefficient of the ligands are taken into account. On the basis of the studies, the impurity Ni+ is found to locate at the distance of about 0.355 A from the nearest fluorine plane. The calculated EPR parameters based on the above local structure in this work are in agreement with the experimental data.


Purpose: Clinical data provides the opportunity for efficient and timely disease surveillance. We developed and validated advanced phenotyping models to classify adult patients with diabetes to type 1, type 2, or other/indeterminate using structured fields from EHR data. To simulate the use of claims data supplemented with medication information, we compared model performance before and after the removal of body mass index (BMI) and laboratory results. Methods: We used 3 years of EHR data from a sample of 2,465 adult patients with diabetes from a health care system's clinical data warehouse. A weighted ratio of type 1 diabetes codes to all diabetes codes was created by down-weighting codes from care settings that do not treat diabetes. We developed two multinomial regression models and a machine learning conditional inference tree to classify patients to type 1, type 2, or other/indeterminate. The models were validated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) relative to a gold standard. Results: For all models, the weighted ratio of type 1 diabetes was the strongest predictive factor. The models had validation statistics ≥ 93% for sensitivity; ≥ 87% for specificity; ≥ 88% for PPV, and ≥ 93% for NPV. After removal of BMI and laboratory data from the regression model the largest decline in performance from the full model was in type 2 diabetes specificity (90.8% to 89.2%). Conclusion: Prediction models and machine learning conditional inference trees using either structured fields from EHR data or claims data supplemented with medication data can be used to accurately distinguish diabetes type among adults. The inclusion of BMI and laboratory results improves model specificity for type 2


For a long cylinder floating on the sea surface, incident sea waves with a narrow frequency band excite body oscillations of short and long periods. Depending on the stiffness of the mooring system, the body displacement of the long-period motion can be comparable with, or even greater than that of the short-period oscillations. By combining the asymptotic methods of multiple scales and inner and outer expansions, we describe an essentially analytical theory for slow sway of both small and large amplitudes. Besides showing results for various quasi-steady and transient incident waves for a rectangular cylinder, we examine the effect of the gap between the keel of the body and the sea bottom. It is found in particular that a small gap can enhance moderate resonance by blocking the flow due to long waves and increase the apparent mass of the cylinder. Real-fluid effects are not included.


This paper mainly introduces the study and practice of an internet-based project documentation storage and management system which application programming frame is built with Delphi (6.0) and SQL Server 2000. Based on the TCP/IP protocol, the system tries to establish a C/S model with connection-oriented, dependable Stream Sockets and multithread technology to complete some especial data communications by networks, such as the files of project, directory of user, all self-defined commands or messages and their parameters. Just using it, the user management of system is connected with documentation management of project, that would strengthen the cooperation of the project' members and bring more convenience to project manager for management as a whole.


Delivering multimedia content with precise quality of service over the energy-constrained sensor networks is enabling a new field popularly known as Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). The major goal of these Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks is to deliver multimedia contents over wireless sensor networks with certain level of QoS guarantee while maintaining the efficient use of energy for such networks. We in this paper propose an energy efficient MAC layer protocol to deliver multimedia contents with certain degree of quality of service guarantee over such networks.


The legislators of twenty-seven states have passed mandatory seat-belt usage laws, all of which provide a variety of exemptions to mandatory seat-belt usage. The categories and distribution of these exemptions provide an interesting examination of the perceived need and utility of vehicular seat-belts.


The existence of effective transactive memory systems in teams has been found to enhance task performance. Methods of developing transactive memory are therefore an important focus of research. This study aimed to explore one such method, the use of a generic team-skills training program to develop transactive memory and subsequent task performance. Sixteen three-member teams were all trained to complete a complex collaborative task, prior to which half the teams (n = 8) completed a team-skills training program. Results confirmed that those teams that had been trained to develop a range of team skills such as problem-solving, interpersonal relationships, goal setting, and role allocation evidenced significantly higher team skill, transactive memory, and performance than those that were not trained in such skills. Results are discussed with reference to the wider transactive memory literature and the mechanisms through which team-skills training could facilitate the more rapid development of transactive memory.


Attitudes change. They broaden as well as contract. They reflect the permeation of dissenting ideas in apparently settled communities and the assimilation of conventionally accepted ideas by dissenters. The process is transformative. Literature is a prime medium for the transmission of ideas. It shapes attitudes. What, then, of the role of popular literature, especially fiction, in shaping the attitudes, especially the religious attitudes, of a rapidly growing, clearly intelligent and significandy female reading public? This paper considers an Anglican writer, formed in part by Dissent, whose work particularly appealed to Nonconformists exercising their citizenship in a complex but now promisingly open society. This Broad Churchwoman enlarged the minds of her readers in liberal directions without diminishing their Dissenting formation. She is now quite forgotten, but her apparently modest achievement was in fact considerable.


In recent years, environmental problems are becoming serious and renewable energy has attracted attention as their solutions. However, the electricity generation using the renewable energy has a demerit that the output becomes unstable because of intermittent characteristics, such as variations of wind speed or solar radiation intensity. Frequency fluctuations due to the installation of large scale wind farm (WF) and photovoltaics (PV) into the power system is a major concern. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes two control methods using High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) interconnection line to suppress the frequency fluctuations due to large scale of WF and PV. Comparative analysis between these two control methods is presented in this paper. One proposed method is a frequency control using a notch filter, and the other is using a deadband. Validity of the proposed methods is verified through simulation analyses, which is performed on a multi-machine power system model.


Since the discovery of the gene that causes achondroplasia, population‐wide prenatal screening for this condition has become a possibility. This study sought to assess attitudes toward screening for achondroplasia and correlation with quality of life in a population of individuals affected with achondroplasia and first‐degree relatives.


Silicon (Si) is an important material for the application of spintronics because its spin lifetime is relatively long compared to those of metals, and it is the well-studied semiconductor in term of its electronic properties. However, as a potential spintronic material, the complete knowledge about the spintronic properties of Si is still not established yet. In this work, the technique of ferromagnetic resonance driven spin pumping is adopted to accurately determine several critical parameters, including the spin lifetime ( τ s), the spin diffusion length ( λ s), and the spin Hall angle ( θ ISHE) of Si. By changing the type (n- and p-type) of carrier and the carrier concentration (1 × 1013 to 1.7 × 1019 cm−3), a correlation between λ s and θ ISHE is found, suggesting an effective route to tune the efficiency of spin-charge conversion in Si.Silicon (Si) is an important material for the application of spintronics because its spin lifetime is relatively long compared to those of metals, and it is the well-studied semiconductor in term of its electronic properties. However, as a potential spintronic material, the complete knowledge about the spintronic properties of Si is still not established yet. In this work, the technique of ferromagnetic resonance driven spin pumping is adopted to accurately determine several critical parameters, including the spin lifetime ( τ s), the spin diffusion length ( λ s), and the spin Hall angle ( θ ISHE) of Si. By changing the type (n- and p-type) of carrier and the carrier concentration (1 × 1013 to 1.7 × 1019 cm−3), a correlation between λ s and θ ISHE is found, suggesting an effective route to tune the efficiency of spin-charge conversion in Si.


Abstract : Existing network protocols cannot satisfy the requirements of future command, control, and communications (C3I) applications over dynamic, stressed networks with multiple transmission media (multimedia). EDMUNDS is a project directed by Rome Laboratory (RL) under the Advanced Research Projects Agency's (ARPA's) Secure Tactical Internet (STI) Program, which is aimed at advancing the state of survivable network protocols in order to provide the foundation required for these future tactical networks. First, descriptions of the EDMUNDS development environments are presented in Sections 2 through 5; we then describe the STI protocols developed under EDMUNDS, in Section 6; the benchmark protocols used in analyzing the STI protocols are described in Sections 7 and 8; and our emulator development efforts are described in Section 9. Finally, we present concluding remarks in Section 10. The appendices to this report are as follows: 'The Network Environment Profile, ' (Appendix A); 'How to Execute a NAPI + simulation,' (Appendix B); 'How to Analyze a NAPI + Simulation,' (Appendix C); 'How to Implement a Protocol in NAPI +,' (Appendix D) a report on the Secure Tactical Internet Protocol (STIP)3 (Appendix E); and finally, three papers published under the EDMUNDS project (Appendix F).


A Passage to India poses the question whether it is possible for an Englishman and an Indian to be friends within the context of British colonialism. Forster uses this question as a framework to explore the general issue of Britain's political control over India on a personal level. He explores the issue of connection on the basis of three groups of people: the general Anglo-Saxon People in India, the proIndian British, and the Indian people. After analyzing the relations of these three groups of people, this paper concludes that it is mainly due to the colonist domination that distorts personal relations and leads to the final failure of connection. Keywords—A Passage to India; E.M. Forster; failure of


When two antennas are placed in proximity to each other, their respective characteristic modes (CMs) tend to be mutually coupled in terms of c/π modes. This paper proposes a method to effectively extract coupling impedance/admittance of characteristic modes. Next, two coupled patch antenna elements are presented to illustrate the coupling phenomena and verify the proposed extraction method.


Some figures in this document are best viewed in colour. If you received a black-and-white copy, please consult the online version if necessary. Summary Forensic investigators sometimes need to verify the integrity and processing history of digital photos and videos. The multitude of storage formats and devices they need to access also presents a challenge for evidence recovery. This thesis explores how visual data files can be recovered and analysed in scenarios where they have been stored in the JPEG or H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) compression formats. My techniques make use of low-level details of lossy compression algorithms in order to tell whether a file under consideration might have been tampered with. I also show that limitations of entropy coding sometimes allow us to recover intact files from storage devices, even in the absence of filesystem and container metadata. I first show that it is possible to embed an imperceptible message within a uniform region of a JPEG image such that the message becomes clearly visible when the image is recompressed at a particular quality factor, providing a visual warning that recompression has taken place. I then use a precise model of the computations involved in JPEG decompression to build a specialised compressor, designed to invert the computations of the decompressor. This re-compressor recovers the compressed bitstreams that produce a given decompression result, and, as a side-effect, indicates any regions of the input which are inconsistent with JPEG decompression. I demonstrate the algorithm on a large database of images, and show that it can detect modifications to decompressed image regions. Finally, I show how to rebuild fragmented compressed bitstreams, given a syntax description that includes information about syntax errors, and demonstrate its applicability to H.264/AVC Baseline profile video data in memory dumps with randomly shuffled blocks.


Expo-rational B-splines (ERBS) provide a blending type construction where local functions at each knot are blended together by infinitely smooth basis functions. In this work we consider some specific ERBS curves that are approximations of parametric curves. We study local refinement to increase flexibility by inserting local control curves at points of interest on the ERBS curve. Inserting knots into an existing B-spline knot vector results in a new spline space which contains the original spline space as a sub-space. In contrast to B-splines, knot insertion with ERBS results in a rational local function. We investigate methods to generate local curves of different brands. Using this, we blend extra local curves with the original ERBS curve, by knot insertion, and compare the differences with respect to geometric shape and approximation errors.


Everyone has personal life that have implied in their minds. Most of it are
inspiring them that need to be reflected, such as on diary, agenda, etc. As the
authors who have much imagination, their personal life can be reflected into their
literary works. Regarding to this conception, the main focus of this study is to
elaborate the meaning of the author's literary work, Hans Christian Andersen, his
personal life reflected into his literary work, a fairy tale of The Nightingale,
through his biography, The True Story of My Life as the object of my study.
In this final project, I employ a descriptive-qualitative method due to the
result of the analysis that needs to be explained for a clearer conclusion. The
analysis involves interpretational qualitative data which are interpreted and
reported descriptively. The approach I use psychoanalysis which is introduced by
Sigmund Freud.
In conducting my analysis, I use several steps. Firstly, I read the fairy tale
of The Nightingale and the author's biography several times carefully and
thoroughly. Secondly, I identify as well as classify the data I found in the fairy
tale and biography. Finally, I analyze the selected data one by one and reports the
findings in order to find out the meaning of the author's literary implied in the
object of the study.
Based on the analysis, the writer finds that there are symbolic meanings of
the fairy tale of the nightingale which based on our cultural and historical
tradition. Related to the personal life of the author, some of the cultural and
historical traditions in symbolic meaning are reflections of the authors' personal
life. The nightingale which has symbolic meaning, the natural beauty of life
resembles the character of a singer whose personality had inspired the author's
life.
After analyzing the author's literary work based on his biography, the
writer concludes that the symbolic meaning of the fairy tale in some ways reflects
the author's personal life.


Background
Dengue fever is the most common viral communicable disease caused by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Worldwide about 3.9 billion people are at the risk of this infection.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study was done in patients of dengue fever admitted in a service hospital in the coastal area of southern India from 01 Jan 2018 to 31 Dec 2018.

Results
751 patients of confirmed dengue patients were admitted with 555 (73.9%) males and 196 (26.1%) females. The mean age was 30.6 (SD± 10.48) years, mean day of admission after the onset of illness was 3.4 days (SD±2.76). The most common presentation was fever (99.33%) followed by myalgia (77.62%), headache (67.24%), vomiting (35.41%), nausea (26.76%) and fatigue (9.05%). Bleeding diathesis was evident in 97patients (12.91%). 306 (40.75%) patients presented with warning signs. The mean duration of hospitalization was 5.73 (SD± 2.75) days. Four patients died due to severe dengue (mortality rate-0.53%).

Conclusion
Intense monitoring, early detection, and management of complications can prevent mortality in dengue.


Are Utimaco products ready for post-quantum safe asymmetric cryptography today? After the last few months working on my bachelor's thesis (by Patrick Mertens), I can confirm that porting a brand-new algorithm to Utimaco Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) and optimizing it using profiling techniques has been a pleasant, straightforward task. So indeed, Utimaco supplies an ideal ecosystem for current research and advanced cryptography. This article summarizes my efforts and aims to validate this proposition.


In past years,the problem with nonlinear dimensionality reduction has aroused a great deal of interest in many research fields,including pattern analysis,machine learning,and data mining.However,the general manifold learning methods are not robust on the outliers.In the paper,an outlier detection method,based on reconstruction weights,is proposed.The proposed algorithm constructs local'strong'neighborhoods on each sample point,and computes the reliability score of each sample point using local reconstruction weights,and then detects the outliers using the reliability scores.The advantages of the algorithm are that it has fast computation,low parameter,and low parameter sensitivity.Based on the proposed outlier detection method,the robust Isomap algorithm is proposed in this paper.Experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can detect the outliers efficiently and make the manifold learning methods more robust on the outliers.


Either leucine or isoleucine dissolved at a concentration of 8 mmoles/kg/1 was administered into the cranial pancreaticoduodenal artery at a rate of 5/6 ml/min to observe any direct effect of these essential L—amino acids on secretion of glucagon and insulin in anesthetized dogs. The infusion of leucine induced a prompt, short—lived, small but statistically significant elevation in plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) concentration and a more than 2–fold augmentation in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level in the cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein. Plasma IRI concentration in the femoral artery reflected a significant enhancement, but the peripheral plasma level of IRG failed to show any definite rise, signifying a possibility of only a trivial increase in glucagon secretion. An equimolar load of isoleucine did not cause any consistent elevation in the pancreatic vein plasma level of IRG, but raised pancreatic effluent plasma concentration of IRI to about 3–fold values. A significant rise in plasma IRI...