The Proscriptive Principle and Logics of Analytic Implication by Thomas Macaulay Ferguson Adviser: Professor Graham Priest The analogy between inference and mereological containment goes at least back to Aristotle, whose discussion in the Prior Analytics motivates the validity of the syllogism by way of talk of parts and wholes. On this picture, the application of syllogistic is merely the analysis of concepts, a term that presupposes—through the root ἀνά + λύω —a mereological background. In the 1930s, such considerations led William T. Parry to attempt to codify this notion of logical containment in his system of analytic implication AI. Parry's system AI was later expanded to the system PAI. The hallmark of Parry's systems—and of what may be thought of as containment logics or Parry systems in general—is a strong relevance property called the 'Proscriptive Principle' (PP) described by Parry as the thesis that: No formula with analytic implication as main relation holds universally if it has a free variable occurring in the consequent but not the antecedent. This type of proscription is on its face justified, as the presence of a novel parameter in the consequent corresponds to the introduction of new subject matter. The plausibility of the thesis that the content of a statement is related to its subject matter thus appears also to support the validity of the formal principle. Primarily due to the perception that Parry's formal systems were intended to accurately model Kant's notion of an analytic judgment, Parry's deductive systems—and the suitability


Small-scale excavations are described from two sites. Faunal and floral analyses give us further information on the economy of the period. Iron smelting, the ceramic sequence and other aspects of material culture are discussed. The first Early Iron Age burials, though very incomplete are described and the skeletal remains are analysed in an appendix by H. de Villiers. Conclusions are drawn concerning the choice of site locations and the reoccupation of sites. To cite this article: Maggs, T. & Ward, V. 1984.Early Iron Age sites in the Muden area of Natal.  Annals of the Natal Museum 26 (1): 105-140.


Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES) has become the method of choice for treating patients with palmar hypcrhidrosis. There are few complications reported with this procedure. A complication not described previously is reported here.


I study the role of credit ratings in crises by introducing a financial market in a coordination game with borrowers that must rollover their debts. The asset price aggregates dispersed private information acting as a public noisy signal. Credit rating agencies use this price to set their ratings. Moreover, agencies know that credit ratings influence lending decisions, thus affecting the creditworthiness of borrowers. I show that: (a) lenders overreact to changes in prices and credit ratings; (b) credit ratings are inaccurate during crises; (c) regulation relying on credit ratings should be redesigned to suspend their use in crises; (d) in the case of sovereign debt, an international financial institution helps prevent liquidity runs and reduce the negative effects of ratings; (e) transparency in financial markets makes credit ratings more volatile.


The article presents the results of the first stage of the Latvia-Lithuania cross-border project "Developing of Social Psychological Support Service System through Implementation of Method of Positive Coping Strategies and Enhancement of Social Inclusion for People in Vulnerable Groups" (POZCOPING), in which, based on the adolescents' self-report and using the methodology (Adolescent Coping Scale) developed by E. Freidenberg and R. Lewis, stress-causing problems and the use and helpfulness of stress coping strategies of adolescents' in Latvia were identified and analysed.


AbstractBACKGROUND:NovaMin is a kind of bioactive glass, and its active ingredients react with saliva to form hydroxyapatite crystals, which deposit on the surface of the teeth and can close the exposed dentinal tubules. It can be used for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.OBJECTIVE:To study


Map Generalization is one of the hotpot problems in GIS.It is the most imperative field for intelligence in GIS.In order to keep the quality of map generalization data,the uncertainty and data quality of map generalization should be attached importance to in map generalization.We analysis on four kinds of integrated elements of the advantages and disadvantages of each method,and comprehensive evaluation of algorithms and the uncertainty of the data.It uses AutoCAD ObjectARX tools from Autodesk Ltd,in VC++ condition carry out line essential colligation on Douglas-Peucker generalization algorithm and Li-Openshaw generalization algorithm,also analyzing these methods's character and applying range.Generalization algorithms uncertainty is summarized by the analysis and comparison of mechanisms of some line feature generalization algorithms,the map generalization algorithm uncertainty is comprised of the origin data uncertainty,threshold uncertainty and the evaluation goal and evaluation method uncertainty etc.


Many of today's applications have not been designed to be used in mobile environments. In order to build mobility in these applications there is a need to compromise in higher delay, higher error rate, and lower bandwidth. The customers not only need mobility but also quality. It is a great challenge for the service providers to offer Quality of Service (QoS). The QoS parameters are divided into two categories such as Qualitative QoS parameters (reliability,security,manageability, etc.) and Quantitative QoS parameters (bandwidth,delay, jitter, etc). The requirements of the above parameters will vary from one application to another application. In this paper, we would like to propose a QoS technique to store the actual QoS requirements of data transfer and to evaluate the performance of data transfer with respect to reliability. Certainly, the outcome of this paper will help to compare the expected QoS requirements with the actual QoS requirements, to understand performance degradation and to identify the parameters responsible for reliability problem.


A module is a complex learning medium, which contains basic learning activities. An environmental change module that is integrated with Islamic values is needed because Islamic values make students aware of the importance of keeping the environment clean. Based on aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, this research aims to determine the feasibility of an environmental change module that is integrated with Islamic values. The ADDIE development research model was applied in this research. The validation sheet is used to determine the validity of the model. The validity of the module obtained a percentage of 100% on the material component, 88% on the media component, and 95.8% on the Islamic integrity component. Teacher and student questionnaire answers are used to find out how practical the module is. Practical teacher response was 97.2% and student response was 88%. The effectiveness of the module is obtained through pretest and posttest assessment questionnaires and attitudes. The pretest and posttest effectiveness results obtained an n-Gain value of 0.80 with a percentage of 80% and effectiveness through attitude assessment obtained an average value of 90. With these results, the module was declared suitable for use. Therefore, it is hoped that this module can be used in educational and scientific media in the future.


Thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) in the range of 120-350 K are exploited to study triblock and statistical styrene-butadiene copolymers. TSDC peaks occur at the butadiene phase glass transition, due to the reorientation of butadiene dipolar groups. The peak is accounted for by a distribution of relaxation times. In block copolymers the TSDC signal is monitored at the butadiene phase transition temperature even if the sample is not previously polarized. Ordering effects induced by the sample preparation are discussed.<<ETX>>


and institutions at Calcutta. Aykroyd and Krishnan (1937) investigated some poor families in Southern India; Ahmad and Gore (1938) and Wilson and Mitra (1938) carried out a survey of some poor families in Ferozepore, Assam and Baraset, respectively. A diet survey of various classes of women in Bombay was made by Wills and Talpade (1930). It may, however, be stated that there is still a large mass of material available in Bombay which demands


Leprosy is a complex disease which will affect in many aspects of the patient. In dr. Soetomo hospital, there were two cases of pregnancy with leprosy and Lucio's phenomenon from 2014 until 2018. Both had been receiving multidrug therapy (MDT) before pregnancy but stopped due to lack of compliance. First case was resulted with term. Second case was admitted with worse condition than the first case, fetal growth restriction and ended with preterm delivery probably because the severity of the case. Lucio's phenomenon incidence is increased in pregnancy due to immunodeficient condition. This serial case report shows that the initial diagnosis and optimum treatment of leprosy is very important especially in women of child-bearing age.


Carried out for at least one method and apparatus for generating a regulated voltage for example, it is disclosed. One apparatus comprises a voltage regulator. Voltage regulator may comprise a first power and a second regulator circuit, and a regulator circuit for generating a regulating voltage from a power supply voltage-spike - a voltage spike protection circuit for protecting and voltage spike protection circuits dissipation element and the charge - and a storage circuit. One method includes a method of generating a regulated voltage. The process regulator circuit that steps the voltage spikes, voltage regulator circuit to the protection circuit for generating a regulated voltage from an input voltage comprises the step of protecting, a voltage spike protection circuit dissipation element and a charge-spike the accumulation circuit It includes.


This paper introduces the scheme which is about upgrading the driver of USB Interface of embedded real time operation system VxWorks from USB 1 1 to USB 2 0 It also discusses the mechanism of the driver of EHCI host controller, and adds the driver into the original driver stack of the USB 1 1 Finally,it implements the support of the highspeed storage device of USB 2 0


Melatonin is a natural hormone produced by the pineal gland and is a derivative of serotonin. One of the key properties of melatonin is its chronobiological ability, realized by multilevel synchronization of biological processes. Physiologically, melatonin secretion increases at night and decreases in the morning. At present, the role of melatonin in the regulation of sleep, circadian rhythms, and adaptation of the body to a rapid change in time zones has been proven. With a decrease in the production of endogenous melatonin in a number of people (with a disorder of daily biorhythms due to long-distance flights, shift work, insomnia), the use of exogenous melatonin improves the quality of sleep.


COMPARISON OF TOPSOIL MOISTURE IN E3SM MODEL SIMULATIONS AND IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS OVER ILLINOIS Jacinda Mayer, M.S. Department of Earth, Atmosphere, and Environment Program in Geographic and Atmospheric Sciences Northern Illinois University, 2022 Dr. Jie Song, Director Soil moisture stimulates land-atmosphere interactions by modifying energy and water fluxes in the boundary layer and it plays an important role in climate change studies. The objective of this research is to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of the Illinois Climate Network's (ICN) observed topsoil moisture, as well as evaluate how accurately the new climate model, E3SM, is simulating soil moisture compared to the observed data during 2003-2014. Observed topsoil moisture averaged over growing season during the 12-year period indicates a general dry-north and wet-south pattern in Illinois, and northeast and southwest become drier with the progression of the growing season. During the 12-year period, most of the observation sites show an increasing trend in topsoil moisture over the growing season despite that these positive trends are significant at only a few sites. Despite a consistent dry bias during the growing season over Illinois, the E3SM model simulated the seasonal soil moisture variation very well, the simulated average moisture depletion between spring and summer is 0.164 water fraction by volume (wfv), comparable with the observed depletion 0.173 wfv. The E3SM also successfully simulated a soil moisture decrease of 0.5% in a drought year and an increase of 6% in a wet year, but the magnitude of these variations is much less than the observed decrease of 19% and increase of 12% in the corresponding drought and wet year. It suggests that improvement in the model should be on expanding the interannual variability to reduce the wet bias in the dry year and dry bias in the wet year. The modeled topsoil moisture averaged in the growing season also indicates an increasing trend as found in the observation during the 12-year period although most of the trends are nonsignificant. The modeled topsoil moisture in the southern Illinois is largely underestimated during the growing season, and it is suggested to incorporate the soil moisture regimes to account for accurate soil texture and to incorporate ecoregions' description to improve the temporal and spatial variabilities in the modeled soil moisture. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS


Objective To investigate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)in predicting and monitoring the response of uterine cervix cancer to concurrent chemoradiation.Methods Seventeen patients with uterine cervix cancer underwent conventional MRI and DWI examinations before therapy and at one month and two months after the initiation of concurrent chemoradiation,and 8 of them underwent additional examinations at 15 d after therapy.The longest diameter of tumor before and after treatment was measured on axial T2WI.The mean ADC value among pre-and post-treatment of each group(CR,PR and SD)was compared.Results The mean ADC value before therapy of CR group was statistically lower than that of PR group(P0.05).There was negative correlation between mean pretreatment ADC value and percentage size reduction of tumor after concurrent chemoradiation at two months(r=-0.574,P0.05).The percentage ADC change of tumor at one month correlated positively with percentage size reduction of tumor at two months after concurrent chemoradiation(r=0.572,P0.05).Fifteen days after the initiation of concurrent chemoradiation,the mean ADC value of 8 patients increased significantly,however,the longest diameter of tumor showed no statistically significant changes compared with pre-treatment tumor diameter.Conclusion DWI has the ability to predict the response of uterine cervix cancer to concurrent chemoradiation,and it can monitor the treatment response as well.


Eleven years ago, at a meeting of the Radiological Society of North America, Morgan (1) described a fluorescent screen intensifier developed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and stated that there seemed to be no reason to believe that intensification systems would revolutionize radiology, but it was likely they would contribute to the steady evolution which had long been taking place. Our experience with the Marconi Image Orthicon With additional monitors the image can be recorded on 16- or 35-mm. cine film, 70-mm. roll film, or 100-mm. cut film. Although not incorporated in this equipment at present, video tape records could be obtained if desired.3 The system differs from others in two important features: first, by achieving the amplification with use of only two components—the mirror optics plus the Orthicon, omitting a third component such as a fixed gain image tube; system at the Toronto General Hospital would seem to indicate that development of this equipment represents a small step in this evolutiona...


The section of Jialing River in Chongqing located in the backwater area of Three Gorges Reservoir Head is subject to rather serious sediment. This paper shows how to minimize the effect with the help of 2-D mathematical model of river sediment in body-fitted orthogonal coordinate systems. The study underlines that two dams, i.e. Hechuan and Jingkou Reservoirs, have significant benefits in relieving riverbed sediment.


Seed and parent-plant distributions in space of presumably coloniz- ing chaparral herbs, Calochortus spp., were found to be indistinguishable. This seed population had probably only been thrown from the capsules. Experiments show substantial dispersal is possible in rainwash. Transport would be greatest in areas with minimal surface vegetation and litter; the mechanics of colonization corres- pond to the post-fire opportunities when reproduction, establishment and growth are also possible. Significant changes in spatial representation with small changes (1 dm) in sample position can occur depending on sampling intensity. The distributions of plants change continually, both on individual and population scales. The movement of seeds provides a distribution from which the observable set of green plants is selected by various sorts of mortality and germination control. Since growing plants are only a subset of a species' presence, studies of population dynamics require direct seed sampling techniques. But seeds are such tiny items on the landscape that their distribution and abundance is laborious to quantify. For this reason regrettably few systematic and critical stu- dies have been made of seed populations. Sarukhain (1974) has recent- ly made an elegant study of the temporal dynamics of seed populations of three Ranunculus species. The seed population becomes particularly significant when the pat- tern of plants-reproductives especially-is patchy and shifting. Such is the situation of chaparral herbs. Rare in vegetative or flowering states under mature shrubs, they appear abundantly after burns. The pattern of burns is uncertain temporally and spatially. Furthermore, the soil itself is constantly moving, changing the suitability of partic- ular locations for any species. We might expect chaparral herbs to be opportunistic; their seeds should be widely dispersed, of low, uniform density little correlated with parent-plant density, even if growth and maturation are eventually realized in only a few limited areas. To test this expectation and explore its mechanics, both field analysis and experiment have been used.


ABSTRACT The pollution of soil and the subsurface environment by crude oil spill and petroleum products spill is a major concern around the world. The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of fungi isolated from Tehran oil refinery area in removing crude oil and to evaluate their enzymatic activities. Plant root samples were collected from the polluted and control areas, and rhizospheral fungi were isolated and determined using the laboratory methods and taxonomic keys. Seven fungal species were isolated and then cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) media containing 0–15% (v/v) crude oil. Oil removal was determined after a one-month growth of fungal colonies and then compared with the control media. The results showed that the studied fungi were able to remove crude oil from the media. The highest removal efficiency was observed in Aspergillus sp. Total protein content and enzymatic activity (of peroxidase and catalase) increased with increasing crude oil pollution. The highest enzymatic activity was evaluated in Aspergillus sp. growing in media containing 15% petroleum and the lowest activity was found in non-polluted groups. Results showed that there is a direct correlation between oil-removing potency and enzymatic activity. Aspergillus sp. showed the highest enzyme activity and also the highest petroleum removal efficiency.


Purpose: Self-employed individuals are among the main contributors to direct revenue of Malaysia. Thus, it is vital to assess their level of tax compliance to gauge their awareness in this matter. The objectives of this study are to examine the tax compliance factors among selfemployed in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: This research applied a quantitative research design in order to identify relationships between the constructs. Survey method chosen as a collection of primary data, which is accomplished by utilising a self-administered survey. Findings: Based on the structural measurement analysis, using Smart PLS version 3, tax compliance costs, tax morale, and tax complexity have significant effects on tax compliance among the self-employed. The analysis also shows that tax knowledge has no significant effect on the level of tax compliance among the self-employed. Research limitations/implications: The study limited to the Malaysian context within the area of self-employed. Practical implications: The government especially the Ministry of Finance, collaborating with the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia needs to amend the tax policy and tax education as most of the respondents are uncertain of the tax system implemented in Malaysia. Originality/value: From the observation, it can be said that the level of tax compliance is still low although SAS has been implemented for quite some time since 2004. There must be loopholes in the tax system in which the government and the relevant stakeholders need to rectify. Thus, it is important to assess the effectiveness of current tax regime from numerous dimensions so that the issues on tax compliance would be tackled and solved.


To meet the demand of managing information system and follow the general designing thoughts,a general searcher of MIS is developed.It gives the rules of data searching to users,and then users can freely search data by their own demands.This method breaks through traditional MIS' design method that fixes the enquiry.Based on the functions of data research,filtration,packaging and sorting,the display and print of any graph,curve and log are realized.


My Dear Sir, In a Memoir which I had the honour to present to you two years ago, I related some experiments on trees, from which I inferred, that their sap, having been absorbed by the bark of the root, is carried up by the alburnum or white wood, of the root, the trunk, and the branches; that it passes through what are there called the central vessels, into the succulent part of the annual shoot, the leaf-stalk, and the leaf; and that it returns to the bark, through the returning vessels of the leaf-stalk. The principal object of this Paper is, to point out the causes of the descent of the sap through the 'bark, and the consequent formation of wood. These causes appear to be, gravitation, motion communicated by winds or other agents, capillary attraction, and probably something in the conformation of the vessels themselves, which renders them better calculated to carry fluids in one direction than in another. I shall begin with a few observations on the leaf, from which all the descending fluids in the tree appear to be derived. This organ has much engaged the attention of naturalists, particularly of M. Bonnet: but their experiments have chiefly been made on leaves severed from the tree; and, therefore, whatever conclusions have been drawn, stand on very questionable ground. The efforts which plants always make to turn the upper surfaces of their leaves to the light, have with reason induced naturalists to conclude, that each surface has a totally distinct office; and the following experiments tend strongly to support that conclusion.


Bioactive titanium coatings,antibacterial hydroxyapatite coatings and degradation-resistance calcium silicate composite coatings have been prepared by means of plasma spraying in the light of some problems for bio-coatings existing during clinical application,which are low bioactivity,lacking of anti-bacterial effect and weak long-term stability. The obtained coatings have good comprehensive property and could be used as new bone-substitute coating materials.


The present study investigated the determinants of crime incidence in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) in Korea, focusing particularly on spatial planning effects on crime incidence. Since crime incidence is in general closely related to the spatial characteristics of a city, we adopted diverse econometrics models (SAR, SEM, SAC, GWR, Mixed GWR) to incorporate the regional characteristics to the statistical models. Also, we adopted spatial discrete choice models such as Spatial Autoregressive Probit model (SAPM) and Spatial Error Probit Model (SEPM), in order to explore the relationship between spatial planning factors and crime hot spots. The spatial planning variables adopted in this study are residential concentration, mixed land use, concentration of crime prevention facilities and spatial accessibility. According to results, residential concentration seems to work in reducing or detering crimes. Mixed land use works positively on crimes. Concentration of crime prevention facilities have positive effects in reducing crimes. As for spatial accessibility, estimation results differ between analysis models, which means a limit as to suggestions regarding the variable. The present study concludes with some policy suggestions that can alleviate crime incidence focusing particularly on urban planning perspectives.


This presentation will deal with new methods and technologies on aerial robotic manipulation developed mainly in the FP7 ARCAS and the H2020 AEROARMS projects. New aerial robotic manipulators with one and two arms will be presented. The interest of compliance will be pointed out as well as the consideration of aerodynamic effects. The talk will also introduce some perception and panning capabilities of the aerial robotic manipulation system. The last part of the presentation will be devoted to the application to inspection and maintenance, including industrial plants and infrastructures.


Objective: In this study, involvement of paraspinal muscles in 50 patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) was evaluated using MRI. Methods: The Dixon MRI technique was used in this observational study to quantify muscle fat content of paraspinal and leg muscles. Muscle strength in the neck, back, and legs was assessed with a handheld dynamometer. All subjects completed the Low Back Pain Rating Scale questionnaire. MRI findingswere comparedwith 31 age-matched controls and correlated tomuscle strength, back pain, and MRI findings in lower extremities. Results: The fat fraction in muscles was significantly higher in patients with FSHD than in controls: paraspinal fat fraction was 38% in patients vs 20% in controls, thigh fat fraction was 36% vs 11%, and calf fat fraction was 37% vs 11%. Increased paraspinal fat fraction correlated with D4Z4 repeat size, FSHD severity score, fat fraction of the thigh, and muscle strength in the back. The prevalence of back pain was 3 times higher in patients with FSHD vs controls, but back pain did not correlate with the paraspinal fat fraction. Conclusions: This study shows a prominent involvement of paraspinal muscles in patients with FSHD, which should be considered in the management of this condition. Neurology® 2014;83:1–6 GLOSSARY DMD5Duchenne muscular dystrophy; FSHD5 facioscapulohumeral dystrophy; LBPRS5 Low Back Pain Rating Scale; TE5 echo time. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is the second most common autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy worldwide with a prevalence of 1:15,000 to 20,000. In most patients, the disease is caused by a deletion of repeats in the D4Z4 gene on chromosome 4q35. FSHD is a progressive disorder characterized by asymmetric muscular wasting and weakness of the face, scapular stabilizers, and proximal arms. However, the clinical presentation varies, and involvement of leg and abdominal muscles is also a common feature. Weakness of the paraspinal muscles has, however, only been reported in few patients with FSHD but has not been investigated systematically in this patient group. It is known that pain is a significant problem for many patients with FSHD, and lower back pain has been found to be the most frequent pain area of patients with FSHD. Chronic back pain in FSHD has been suggested to be exacerbated by the weakness of the abdominal and neck flexor muscles. However, we speculate that weakness of the paraspinal muscles could also exacerbate the lower back pain. To evaluate involvement of the paraspinal muscles in FSHD, we performed Dixon MRI of the back in 50 patients with FSHD.MRI provides a great tool to assess muscle quality in patients with muscular dystrophies whereby affected muscles often show a marked degree of fat infiltration. The quantitative technique is a simple spectroscopic imaging technique for water and fat separation, in which the availability of fat-only images allows for fat fraction analysis. METHODS Standard protocol approvals and patient consents. The Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics approved the research protocol (approval number: H-3-2012-163) and all subjects gave written and oral consent to participate. From the Neuromuscular Research Unit, Department of Neurology (J.R.D., C.R.V., J.V.) and Department of Diagnostic Radiology (C.T.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article. © 2014 American Academy of Neurology 1 a 2014 American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Published Ahead of Print on August 20, 2014 as 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000828


Students� disfluency in speaking is caused by limited practice, incorrect pronunciation, and inappropriate learning methods. That of the last point drove this research in finding out the effectiveness of using Project-based Learning (PBL) to improve students� speaking skills. The study participants were 59 students of the seventh graders of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kudus, divided into the experimental and the control classes using a quasi-experimental research design. The data were obtained from the pre-test and the post-test. The results showed that the students� speaking ability mean scores in both classes were higher in the post-test than in the pre-test. In addition, the independent sample t-test supported the result in the hypothesis testing. It means that project-based learning applied had a significant difference or effective to improve young-learner students� speaking skills. To conclude, using this method created more fun, active, and interactive speaking class atmosphere for young learners.


EXTENDED ABSTRACT The Construal Level Theory posits that temporal distance systematically changes the way people construe future events, thereby influencing their evaluations and decisions regarding those events (Liberman and Trope 1998; Trope and Liberman 2000; Liberman et al. 2002). Specifically, the theory postulates that people use more high-level construals to represent distant future events whereas they depend more on low-level construals to represent near future events. High-level construals include more abstract, schematic, and goal-relevant representation of events, whereas low-level construals include more concrete, nonschematic, incidental, and goal-irrelevant representation of events. As such, in goal-directed activities, the Construal Level Theory hypothesizes that goal-relevant features are more influential for distant future events than goal-irrelevant features and that goal irrelevant features are more influential for near future events than goal-relevant features. The Construal Level Theory, however, is silent regarding the boundary conditions under which its explanation works. In this paper, we investigate the question of when the effects predicted by the theory occur. We also intend to investigate psychological process that underlies the effects of temporal distance.


ABSTRACT Groundwater flow modelling studies are required to resolve groundwater and catchment issues. A model, no matter how sophisticated, will never describe the groundwater system under investigation without deviation of model simulations from the actual physical processes. As a consequence, in applying a numerical model to a field study, the model user should always understand the implications of simplifying assumptions. This paper addresses groundwater modelling concepts and outlines the approach for commissioning and understanding groundwater modelling studies. It will encourage best practice and help avoid potential problems.


Instant messaging network,which follows the power-law distributions,is a virtual form of network topology be built on the actual Internet.In view of the complex network characteristic,in carring on the analysis to the immediate correspondence network topology in the foundation,a new birth and death process of IM worm is proposed.This model analyzes the probability distribution of the worm virus community to evolve the worm virus's dissemination rule in the immediate correspondence network.The model analysis indicates the birth-death model analysis result has the good uniformity with virus's dissemination characteristic in the scale-free network.


In this work, we have designed an equipment free, single-step, rapid, cost-effective, "in-house", and "outdoor" kit for visual detection of lead ions (Pb2+) in various real samples viz., soil, water, bacteria, live cells, and solid fruits based on cube-shaped fluorescent carbon dots. The cube-shaped nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CCDs) were prepared using calcein dye as precursor and have potential to be used as better and stable replacement of commercially available dyes. For the visual detection of Pb2+, the color of the CCDs changes from yellowish to brown in solution and a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.0 μg L–1 was obtained for the naked eye. In addition, the same CCD solution was also coated on a filter paper strip to fabricate an easy-to-prepare paper sensor. The paper sensor was used to identify the Pb2+ in real samples which proves their applicability toward in-situ on-site detection. In addition, the prepared strip sensor was successfully implemented for analysis of lead ions inside the solid fruit...


ABSTRACT The paper is concerned with the identification of the key mechanisms controlling deflagration-to-detonation transition in a stellar medium. The issue of thermal runaway triggered by positive feedback between the advancing flame and the flame-driven precompression is discussed in the framework of a one-dimensional flame-folding model. The paper is an extension of the authors' previous study dealing with the non-stoichiometric fusion, , kinetics (Phys.Rev.E, 103(2021)) over physically more relevant, , kinetics. Despite this change the runaway effect endures. The mean velocity of the pretransition flame does not reach the threshold of Chapman–Jouguet deflagration.


Urbanization in developed and developing countries has major drawbacks regarding air pollution, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and congestion externalities due to transport in car-based cities. In this thesis, we study the effects of urban design on pollution, congestion, traveled distances and welfare. We build a theoretical model of residential choices with pollution and congestion externalities arising from commuting, where the location of jobs within the city is endogenous. Finally we collect data from French metropolitan areas to conduct an empirical analysis of spatial determinants of commuting time and distances. This thesis highlights the need of a cautious approach to implement some urban policies that would guarantee a sustainable development of a city. A polycentric city may be a desirable city or not depending on the (i) accessibility of workplaces, (ii) the quality of road infrastructure (high speed), (iii) the employment density and (iv) the distribution of population and workplaces in cities. This thesis also demonstrates the significant role of the housing demand on urban structure when the latter is endogenous in a context of unpriced transport congestion. Some urban densification project might reconsider and quantify the negative externalities (congestion and pollution) which arise when the population grows within any city. These externalities are indirect costs due to the adjustment of the housing and transport demand in the long run.


This is a descriptive and analytical study of the processes of modernization and State reform (RDE in Spanish) in Uruguay during the last five decades, which the Planning and Budgeting Office (OPP in Spanish) has either led or played an important role in its design and implementation. Firstly, a three-level conceptual precision about RDE is proposed. Next, the antecedents prior to the creation of the OPP are explored. Particularly, the proposals and advances during devised the period of the Commission of Investments and Economic Development (CIDE) work are focused on. Subsequently, the actions of the OPP in the matter during the successive governments since the democratic restoration are addressed: the guidelines in the first administration of President Sanguinetti (1985-1989); the drive towards "de-bureaucratization" during the presidency of Dr. Lacalle (1990-1994); the administrative reform during the second government of Dr. Sanguinetti (1995-1999) as well as its limits during the administration of Dr. Batlle (2000-2004); and the advances and difficulties in terms of institutional strengthening of the State ("the mother of all reforms"), during the presidencies of Dr. Vazquez (2005-2009) and Jose Mujica (2010-2014). Finally, some reflections on the contemporary challenges around this policy arena are discussed.


concepts that can be generalized to explain the social phenomenon of the participants and achieve the goal of developing theory. What may be developed is an


This paper presents an account on the usage of concepts, techniques and whole semiconductor manufacturing technologies (microlithography in particular) for complex biological architecture design and fabrication. The first level of application is based on surface property manipulation through classical (polymeric films), or advanced (Self-Assembled Monolayers, SAMs) microlithography for patterning biologically active molecules and/or cells, whereas the advanced application is based on integration of biological components (molecules or neuronal cells) as active parts of semiconductor devices.


The paper analyzes the drawbacks of traditional linear models used in non-life insurance.The salient features of the generalized linear models which are suitable to the non-life insurance are showed.The applications of generalized linear models in non-life insurance are reviewed.Specific attention is focused on the variety of models which can be used in non-life insurance.Further research in this field is pointed out based on practicality.


Recent estimate of central statistics office for 2014-15 indicates that share of agriculture in GDP (market price) is about only 14.9 per cent, whereas it employs about 49.5 per cent of India's total workforce. So moving out of agriculture is itself a desirable outcome for improving productivity in agriculture and also of the economy. But the question is "where will the workers of agriculture sector move to?" given the fact that Indian labour market is becoming more and more informal. Therefore, creation of decent jobs outside agriculture is one of the biggest challenges that confront policymakers. The present paper examines the trend and patterns of informal and formal employment in organised and unorganised non-agriculture sectors with special reference to North-East India. The paper, following National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) defined organised and unorganised sector by taking into account enterprise type and number of workers in enterprise. However, where both these information are missing, social security was taken as a yard stick to measure organised or unorganised sector. We applied logit regressions to find out what are the personal characteristics, household characteristics, and sectoral characteristics to determine the participation in informal sector, and examine whether these determinants are changing over time or not. The study is based on NSSO 2004-05 and 2011-12 employment and unemployment unit level data. The initial result suggests that in the non-agriculture sector, informal employment in unorganised sectors has declined from about 87 per cent to 85 per cent. Thereby it is suggesting, a rise in formal employment within non-cultivation sector. In addition, it is interesting to note that within informal employment in 2004-05 about 29 per cent are female but the corresponding figure for 2011-12 is about 24 per cent. This indicates that proportion of female participation in the informal economy has declined over the years. Similarly it is observed that informality for poorer household has declined for the study period. The logit regression result indicated that being a male reduced the odd of informality by more than 20 per cent in both the periods. Given the slow economic growth in the first half of the new millennium, married female labours were forced to join the informal sector; however, because of rising income in recent past they are not so keen to join the informal employment. Looking at the sectors, it is observed that, being a worker in construction sector and trade, hotel and transport sector increased the odd of joining informal sector many fold. This paper also examines these trends, patterns and determinants, with special reference to North-East region. Finally, the paper looks at the determinants of informality at the macro-level using panel data of the Indian states. The study finds a multitude of factors driving informality thereby implying that a multi-pronged strategy would be required to tackle the problem.


A new kind of sol - gel process for preparation of dense UO2 kernels used for HTGR (High Temperature Gas cooled Reactor) has been developed in our institute. This achievement is based on the typical sol - gel process (external gelation process and internal gelation process). Hower, this process not only has advantages of the typical sol - gel process, but also overcomes their disadvantages. It has been shown that an reasonable prescription design and the good condition of drying is the critical factor to overcome the difficulty of cracking. Controlled factors effect on the drop size and it's distribution are as follows: critical flow, geometric factor, physical factor and vibration factor. Optimization of parameters for drying and calcination of microsphers, such as temperature rate and atmospheres were determined by TG and DTA thermal analysis. Mi-crostructure in the course of heat treatment was observed by SEM. Recrystallization phynomenon during sintering in vacuum was found out, Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) in the form of UO2 nH2O was observed by SEM SEM analysis indicates that crystal grain increases regularly with the temperature sintered. TGU process is suitable for preparing UO2 microspheres which diameter is about 500μm. In the products sintered, about 10% of the deformation kernels are rejected by a vibratory shape separator. The sphericity of the accepted kernels is better than 1.08. The average diameter which can be produced by the TGU process is about 470 - 530μm. The density of kernels is the range of 10. 71 - 10. 76 g/cm3, sintered at the temperature of 1400 - 1450℃ in vacuam.


The phenomenon of breakup of a jet into drops has been applied mainly to separation technologies in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and metallurgical industries. The paper deals with the experimental analysis directed at the breakup of polymer solutions flowing through an orifice nozzle. The analysis of the breakup and atomization of a liquid jet by a high-speed gas jet is presented. Additionally, non-Newtonian effects on the breakup of the liquid jet into drops were studied using the microphotography method. In the experiments, various aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide were used. The polymer solutions studied were power-law fluids. Analysis of the photographs of the jet breakup showed that the length of the jets depends on the liquid and gas flow rates and on the concentration of the polymer used. High-molecular-weight polymers added to a solvent lead to changes in the rheological properties of the liquid and the breakup length of the jet.


Acknowledgements Introduction: Revis(it)ing Vietnam 1 A Brief History of Memory 2 Trauma, Metaphors, and the Body 3 Moving Walls 4 Objects of War and Remembrance 5 Returning to Vietnam Afterword Notes Bibliography Index


An algorithm is presented for sorting a random access file in place. The algorithm is unique in the sense that no auxiliary storage, apart from a number of buffers in the machine's high-speed memory, is required. In addition, the algorithm makes active use of the random access capabilities of rotating magnetic media and cannot be converted to operate on sequential files. The run time is known to be of 0( n log n) under certain circumstances. An example also shows that this run time can deteriorate to 0( n* ), which is probably also the worst-case run time.


Objective Hepatitis B virus(HBV) mutants with deletions in the S region have not well been evaluated.This study was to assay full-length of HBV DNA,to analyze the pattern,frequency and clinical factors of S region deletion of patients with chronic HBV infection.Methods Full-length sequences of HBV DNA were acquired in 59 patients who included 7 of HBV carrier,31 of chronic hepatitis,10 of liver cirrhosis,6 of chronic severe hepatitis and 5 of primary carcinoma of liver.Genotype of HBV was analyzed with PCR-RFLP.Serum HBV DNA was quantitatively measures with teal-time PCR.The full genome of complete genome of HBV DNA was amplified with routine PCR and fulllength sequencing was directly performed.HBV DNA nucleotide and amino acid sequences were analyzed with bioinformatics technique analysis.Results 25.4%(15/59) of patients with chronic HBV infection had S region deletion.Pre-S gene deletion had a closedly related to genotype C.20%(3/15)patients with Pre-S gene deletion coexisted HBsAg and anti-HBs.There was significant difference compared with patients without Pre-S gene deletion(P0.05).Long HBV infection(coefficien 0.28,P=0.049) and antiviral therapy(coefficient-0.451,P=0.036).Conclusion A greater frequency of Pre-S gene deletion mutants with genotype C,advanced liver disease and active viral replication are demonstrated.It is suggested that Pre-S gene deletion would leads to failure of HBV immune evasion or immunotherapy.


Grey clustering evaluation is a grey evaluation systems based on the grey triangle whitening weight function, and has been widely used in various fields since first proposed by Dr. Liu Sifeng in 1993. By researching the construction principle of triangle whitening weight function in the grey clustering evaluation system and the general process of using this system to evaluate the company collaborative innovation performance, this paper ventures to establishes an objective and comprehensive evaluation system of company collaborative innovation performance in the globalized environment. This system can guide companies to measure their own effectiveness and efficiency in collaborative innovation and identify their weaknesses in order to make improvements, and to improve their capabilities of collaborative innovation. Thus, companies can maximize their benefits from collaborative innovation.


Detecting suspicious transactions is a vital task for fighting against money laundering. To help anti-money laundering analyst screen customer's unusual transactions and behaviors in massive financial transaction information,we propose a nonlinear stochastic approach based on nonlinear Markov stochastic process,phase space reconstruction and hidden Markov chain for Modeling and fitting financial transaction time series.Then a robust control chart is applied to the estimation of errors from the fitting to detect anomalies.Applying the algorithm to real data examples and simulation,the experiment results suggest that the approach is effective and feasible and can be used for helping the detection of unusual transaction.


This study examines the impact of drought on child health and schooling outcomes and investigates the contemporaneous relationship between these two main building blocks of human capital. We merge childlevel longitudinal data from the Ethiopia Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) with geo-referenced climate data. Our findings from within-child variation estimators reveal that drought has a detrimental impact on the highest grade completed of female children. We show that the negative effect of drought on a female child's completed years of formal schooling is channelled, albeit not entirely, through ill health. Our result is robust to using recursive bivariate estimation with exclusion restriction to correct for biases associated with the endogeneity of child health due to time-varying heterogeneities. Gender bias in the household explains why the direct and mediated schooling e ects of drought are concentrated only on female children. We find that households respond to drought-induced income shocks by decreasing the allocation of resources for the medical treatment of an ill female child. Moreover, households also increase the use of female child labour for non-agricultural activities, which is consistent with a disproportionate increase in school absenteeism of older girls during drought. We discuss how gender-responsive policy design and implementation may help alleviate gender inequality in human development in the face of climate change.


Cardiac hypertrophy is frequently accompanied by ischemic heart disease. Actinidia chinensis planch polysaccharide (ACP) is the main active compound from Actinidia chinensis planch. In the present study, a cardiac hypertrophy model was produced by treating cells with Angiotensin II (Ang II), which was used to investigate whether ACP protected against cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. It was demonstrated that ACP alleviated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, pretreatment with ACP prior to hypoxic culture reduced the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as investigated by flow cytometry. Cell Counting kit-8 analysis demonstrated that ACP maintained the cell viability of cardiomyocytes. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that ACP inhibited hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. Additionally, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays demonstrated that ACP decreased the expression of apoptosis-associated genes including apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1, the cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases caspases-3/8/9, and cleaved caspases-3/8/9. The results of the present study also demonstrated that ACP inhibited the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. Furthermore, the specific activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT reversed the apoptotic-inhibitory effect of ACP. In conclusion, the protective effects of ACP against hypoxia-induced apoptosis may depend on depressing the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II.


The present paper concerns the development of an apparatus for an Olympic player of archery to monitor his mental state during games. Two physiological indices derived from electrocardiogram are used to evaluate the level of tension. The indices are RR interval and respiratory component of RR interval variance, which are differently influenced by the two branches of autonomic nervous system. Some field data and experimental data suggested the usefulness of the two dimensional evaluation. A portable apparatus was developed which implements the method with the functions to check the reliability of the evaluation.


Inland water transport has played a significant role in the development of port cities and seaports all over the world for ages. As a dominant mode of inland transport until the rail and road have begun to prevail in the European transport systems, it has at first created and then shaped seaport hinterland in the majority of the European ports. However, its impact on these organisms, i.e. seaports and port cities has changed in many European countries in recent decades, due to the fact that it was getting weaker (logistics time constraints) and less competitive on the transport market. Consequently, in many European countries it has lost its impact on seaports hinterland and has been replaced by other less environmentally friendly modes of transport. This tendency is, however, not observed in the North Sea mega-ports as well as in many world biggest ports in Asia and North America, where inland shipping still maintains significant share in the port total turnover modal split. The reasons for such situation are analyzed in this article.


The problem of finding the resource free, closest local unitary, to any bipartite unitary gate is addressed. Previously discussed as a measure of nonlocality, and denoted K D ( U ) , it has implications for circuit complexity and related quantities. Dual unitaries, currently of great interest in models of complex quantum many-body systems, are shown to have a preferred role as these are maximally and equally away from the set of local unitaries. This is proved here for the case of qubits and we present strong numerical and analytical evidence that it is true in general. An analytical evaluation of K D ( U ) is presented for general two-qubit gates. For arbitrary local dimensions, that K D ( U ) is largest for dual unitaries, is substantiated by its analytical evaluations for an important family of dual-unitary and for certain non-dual gates. A closely allied result concerns, for any bipartite unitary, the existence of a pair of maximally entangled states that it connects. We give efficient numerical algorithms to find such states and to find K D ( U ) in general.


Simple Summary Cholesterol is an important lipid substance in organisms. As the precursor of bile acid, steroid hormones and vitamin D3, cholesterol plays important roles in lipid metabolism. Chicken is among the most consumed meat products worldwide; however, its cholesterol level is higher than that of other meat products. High cholesterol in a human diet will increase the risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is susceptible to be oxidized, which will cause the death of broilers. Therefore, it is of great significance to enhance the antioxidant capacity and improve cholesterol metabolism in broiler chickens. Bamboo leaf extract (BLE) contains active ingredients such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and active polysaccharides, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. Our results show that supplementation of BLE in the basal diet improved growth and slaughter performance, antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers. Therefore, the application of BLE as a feed additive has a certain economic value. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers. One-day-old male Arbor Acres (576) broilers were randomly divided into six groups. A control group was fed a basal diet, while five experimental groups were supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0g BLE per kg feed in their basal diets. The result indicated that BLE supplementation linearly improved eviscerated yield and decreased abdominal fat (p < 0.05). A significant decrease of serum triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) content was observed with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). BLE supplementation linearly improved the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity in both serum and liver (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase was quadratically increased in serum and linearly increased in the liver with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). The malonaldehyde content in liver showed a linear and quadratic decrease with BLE supplementation (p < 0.05). BLE supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expression of cholesterol 7- alpha hydroxylase and low-density lipoprotein receptor and downregulated 3-hydroxy3-methyl glutamates coenzyme A reductase mRNA expression in the liver. The antioxidant enzyme mRNA expressions were all up-regulated by BLE supplementation in the liver. In conclusion, supplemental BLE improved antioxidant status and cholesterol metabolism in broilers, which eventually led to a decrease of serum TG, LDL-c content, and abdominal fat deposition.


Vehicular networks is attracted a lot of attention recently. The application of vehicular networks is to use video cameras embedded in vehicles to support video surveillance, which we call ''surveillance on-theroad''.Monitoring and Tracking suspicious vehicles (such as stolen cars) on the road through license plate recognition (LPR). Vehicles can work cooperatively through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications to achieve this goal. With a tracking and reporting modules, our solution does not rely on infrastructure networks. The tracking module allows handoff of a tracking job to neighboring vehicles as necessary and report of suspicious vehicles to nearby police cars. In the framework can be applied to the developing WAVE/DSRC (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments/Dedicated Short Range Communications) standards.


The primitive sense of the just –remarkably constant from several ancient cultures to modern institutions ... -starts from the notion that a human life is a vulnerable thing, a thing that can be invaded, wounded, violated by another's act in many ways. For this penetration, the only remedy that seems appropriate is a counter invasion, equally deliberate, equally grave. And to right the balance truly, the retribution must be exactly, strictly proportional to the original encroachment. ("Equity and Mercy" 1999: 157-58)


Objective: To study the spectral characteristics of the phototherapy systems and to identify variations in spectral properties with changes in height, voltage, tilt and temperature output. Setting: Research laboratory at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The spectral characteristics were measured from two compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and eight light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy devices in a dark room with an irradiance of <0.1μW/cm2/nm. The variations in the spectral characteristics with changes in height, tilt and voltage were measured. Heat output was documented. Results: The peak spectral wavelength of all the devices tested had a peak centering around 450±10 nm, in billirubin absorption spectrum. LEDs achieved a higher maximum irradiance compared to CFL units across all the heights tested. CFL and Array LEDs showed a better mean irradiance compared to Spot/Multispot LEDs. CFL and Array LEDs demonstrated the best footprint whereas the Spot and Multispot LED units had a narrow footprint (approximately half or less of CFL or Array LEDs).Tilt angles influenced the mean irradiance. Most of the units showed a decrease in mean irradiance with tilting except for one Array LED namely Brilliance Classic. CFLs showed an inconsistent mean irradiance when tested at different voltage inputs LEDs had a consistent irradiance in spite of voltage fluctuations. LEDs had minimal irradiance decay of irradiance compared to CFLs. Both CFL and LED units showed increasing temperature output over time, which is more pronounced in CFL units. Conclusion: The phototherapy units differ in spectral properties which influence their therapeutic efficacy. Spectral parameters and its variations with tilt height and voltage changes must be considered when phototherapy device are used. The Array LEDs and CFL devices seem to score over other devices in most of the parameters tested.


Abstract INTRODUCTION AND AIM. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasia, with an estimated age-standardized incidence rate of 6.7 per 100000 worldwide in 2018 [1]. This rate is rapidly increasing and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main histotype. PTC susceptibility is the result of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and lifestyle. We studied the genetic combination that characterizes PTC affected subjects, differentiating them from healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS. We considered the genetic variants (SNPs) significantly associated with PTC on the PubMed database. 184 informative SNPs were selected, considering linkage disequilibrium. Then, SNPs data were extracted from the online 1000 Genomes database, comprising genome of 2504 unselected individuals collected worldwide. The combination of 184 SNPs associated with PTC was used to group individuals in different risk-clusters according to their genetic structure, calculated by Bayesian statistics, as previously performed for polycystic ovary syndrome [2]. Individuals were distributed among 7 groups worldwide, indicating different degree of genetic predisposition to PTC. We then considered genetic data from about 1200 individuals (697 PTC versus 497 healthy controls) of Central/South Italian origin registered in a GWAS, specific for PTC [3]. This first analysis was refined using the 33 SNPs reasonably most causative of genetic clustering (26 with p<0.05 at trend test in GWAS and 7 with p<0.05 in the model of recessive inheritance). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, PTC and healthy controls resulted genetically different (ODDS RATIO 188.6, 95%CI 64.35-552.8), revealing diverse predisposition to develop cancer. Afterwards, these results have been confirmed in an independent cohort of Italian subjects (234 PTC and 100 controls). Then, the genetic structure of each subject was indicated as a percentage of affinity to each risk-cluster and re-analyzed together with other risk factors: sex, body-mass index, area of origin and familiarity (quantified in a growing score as the degree of kinship increases). These data were analyzed together by principal component analysis and clustering of the two groups was even more pronounced. The most contributive factors to the diversity between PTC and healthy controls were genetics and familiarity. CONCLUSION. We demonstrated that PTC affected subjects are genetically different from healthy controls, and that the difference is identifiable in a peculiar combination of genetic variants. REFERENCES 1. Bray F et al. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2018; 68 (6):394-424 2. Casarini and Brigante. JCEM. 2014; 99:E2412-20 3. Köhler et al. Genome-wide association study on differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E1674-81.


RFID is the acronym of radio frequency identification. It represents a new automated data-capture technology, based on the extraction of data contained in devices called RFID tags or transponders by wireless radio technologies. In the RFID appellation we find RF. For memory, who says RF says laws of the physics such as, laws of Maxwell and those of Biot and Savart that manage the running of the RFID. Otherwise, the reader and the transponder communicate by using electromagnetic waves that assure the transfer of information and the self alimentation of transponders. For thus, the purpose of this paper is to explain the RFID technology and to survey the determination and evaluation of the parameters of a RFID antenna.


THE ETIOLOGICAL factors relative to the causation of perceptive deafness are many and varied. A listing of these factors would include the following: (a) toxins of the acute infectious diseases, and other toxins; (b) drugs, as salicylates, quinine, nicotine, alcohol, and streptomycin; (c) trauma, direct and indirect, as fractures or concussion; (d) occupational hazards, as noises and pressure changes; (e) specific diseases, as syphilis; (f) vascular disturbances of the brain and specialized centers or of local circulation to the cochlea and vestibule; (g) degenerative diseases of the nerve locally or of higher centers; (h) neoplastic changes. The lesions from these factors may be in the cochlea, the acoustic nerve, or the brain center. Yet the cause is, oftener than not, obscure and inferential, being arrived at by elimination or deduction long after the original symptoms appear, whereas the primary factors in the etiology usually remain untraced. This is a paradox


The electroplating aluminum layer on Q235 steel surface in NaClKCl molten salt had been obtained when the steel was heattreated. In this paper, the technical parameters of electroplating in molten salt and corrosion resistance as well as oxidation resistance of electroplating layer had been studied primarily. It shows that the structure of coating was singlephase aluminum; the thickness of plating was determined by the technical parameters of electroplating. The thickness of plating increased with the increase of current density and electroplating time. After electroplating aluminum on Q235 steel, the corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of plating layer have been improved dramatically. After electroplating aluminum in molten salt, the steel can be taken out from molten salt directly to quench. Consequently, besides all capability of heat treatment is obtained, the surface of steel features very good corrosion resistance.


This paper will describe the development of a capacitor-ratio-independent algorithmic conversion technique, which achieves a 0.6LSB integral linearity at 11b and a conversion time of 80μs in a 5μm CMOS process.


The action of ultra–violet radiation on serum–albumin has been studied. In nitrogen polymerisation occurs, but in oxygen there is a degradation of the protein molecule. The polymerisation takes place by a free–radical mechanism. The degradation in oxygen is due to photo–oxidation by hydroxyl radicals.


The properties and characteristics of a recently developed set of hardwired Register Transfer Modules (RTMs), which can be interconnected to perform the functions of a digital computer, are presented. To illustrate the value of this higher level of computer design, sets of simulated RTMs were combined to carry out the operations of both a general purpose digital computer, and a digital computer designed to perform specific tasks. The general purpose computer capabilities were demonstrated by interconnecting modules to perform the various functions of a FORTRAN machine. The specific task application was shown by constructing a system of modules to perform a triangulatiors algorithm, This application also demonstrates how the concept of modularization could be applied to a 1969 proposal by the Navy for a single, modularized airborne computer system known as the Advanced Airborne Digital Computer (AADC).


Abstract. The European Space Agency's (ESA) Aeolus satellite mission is the
first Doppler wind lidar in space, operating in orbit for more than 4 years since August 2018 and providing global wind profiling throughout the
entire troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) in southern France and the Observatoire de Physique de
l'Atmosphère de La Réunion (OPAR) are equipped with ground-based
Doppler Rayleigh–Mie lidars, which operate on similar principles to the
Aeolus lidar and are among essential instruments within the ESA Aeolus calibration and validation (cal/val)
program. This study presents the validation results of the L2B
Rayleigh clear horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) winds from September 2018 to January 2022. The
point-by-point validation exercise relies on a series of validation
campaigns at both observatories: AboVE (Aeolus Validation Experiment), held in September 2019 and June 2021 at OPAR and in January 2019 and
December 2021 at OHP. The campaigns involved time-coordinated lidar
acquisitions and radiosonde ascents collocated with the nearest Aeolus
overpasses. During AboVE-2, Aeolus was operated in a campaign mode with an
extended range bin setting allowing inter-comparisons up to 28.7 km. We show
that this setting suffers from larger random error in the uppermost bins,
exceeding the estimated error, due to lack of backscatter at high altitudes.
To evaluate the long-term evolution in Aeolus wind product quality,
twice-daily routine Météo-France radiosondes and regular lidar
observations were used at both sites. This study evaluates the long-term
evolution of the satellite performance along with punctual collocation
analyses. On average, we find a systematic error (bias) of −0.92
and −0.79 m s−1 and a random error (scaled MAD) of 6.49 and
5.37 m s−1 for lidar and radiosondes, respectively.


The invention discloses a yam plantation and cultivation device, comprising a cylinder body, wherein the cylindrical cylinder body has the height ranging from 80 to 140 centimeters and the diameter ranging from 8 to 15 centimeters, and is provided with a plurality of air/water through holes. In use, loose and fertile soil and fertilizers, which are suitable for the growth of yam, are stirred uniformly and put in the cylinder body, a yam seed is planted in the soil, and the cylinder is then planted in a field at the depth which is determined according to the actual condition of the field. The yam plantation and cultivation device has the advantages of: easy plantation, easy collection, high forming rate, enhanced quality of yam, widened scope of the soil in which yam can be planted, raised yield of yam and greatly increased profit.


We examine managerial reasoning as theorizing about aspects critical to strategic success (such as whether new technologies will substitute for existing ones) and the conditions when new managerial theories are sufficiently ``strong'' to invalidate conflicting prior theories about such aspects (thus effecting a ``change in view''). We argue that in the absence of sufficient and reliable factual information such theorizing is based on ``what-if thinking'', where imagining possibilities and linking individual beliefs to consequences substitutes for accumulating evidence. We build on prior work that has identified sources of beliefs (such as analogies) as input into what-if thinking and work that has demonstrated that there are differences in managers' willingness to give up beliefs. We use a formal model to show how the strength of individual beliefs translates into the relative strength of alternative but inconsistent theories and derive predictions when what-if thinking leads to a change in view. Our resu...


Digital transformation continues to impact the news industry and news organizations are adapting accordingly through shifts in required skills and prescribed job positions of journalists. In order to examine the changing nature of the modern journalist, a case study was conducted examining the employment histories of New York City journalists (n = 3587). Social network analysis was used to better understand the career trajectories of journalists within the dataset, with a specific focus on understanding the development of new jobs for journalists in data, analytic, social, and mobile-oriented job positions. Findings demonstrate important differences between traditional employment patterns and those of employees in jobs requiring new skills and knowledge of new technology.


Growth, carcass characteristics and economics of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were studied under cage and deep litter system of management using 80 Japanese quail chicks (2-week-old, either sex). They were divided into 2 groups (cage and deep litter) with 2 replicates. Body weight gain (g/week) was higher in female quails irrespective of management system, but cage rearing resulted significantly higher body weight gain in both sexes than DLS. Feed consumption (g/bird/day) was comparable for both the managemental practices. Percentage carcass yields were significantly higher for thigh, back and neck under CSM for both sexes. Significantly higher yields of drumstick and wing in males under cage, and breast and wing in females under DLS was observed. Yield of giblet was proportionately higher in female. Dressing percentage was significantly better for both sexes on cage than the DLS. Significantly lower cost involved in feeding for producing 1 kg live weight gain under cage rearing with better feed conversion ratio (FCR). It may be opined that the best marketing age of the quails for meat purpose is at sixth weeks of age and cage system may be superior to deep litter rearing for optimum growth, carcass yields and economy.


This chapter seeks to evaluate the dominant IT outsourcing contracts model (pay-later) as compared to an alternative model (pay-now) in light of changing economic conditions. We integrate practitioner observations in the spirit of mathematical transaction cost problems to develop a conceptual economic model to compare these two types of contracts. We uncover three very important facts which suggest that pay-now contracts are always at least as good as pay-later contracts, and paynow contracts are better than pay-later contracts when economy is volatile. These findings provide a rich insight into the problem of failing IT outsourcing contracts since the prevailing poor state of economy. We further discuss the implications of our findings and suggest that simply shifting the contract from a pay-later to a pay-now will fix the IT outsourcing business model.


A surface-based borehole investigation currently (1989) is being done to characterize liquid-water percolation in tuffs of Miocene age in the unsaturated zone beneath Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada Active in-situ testing and passive in-situ monitoring will be used in this investigation to estimate the present-day liquid-water percolation (flux). The unsaturated zone consists of a gently dipping sequence of fine-grained, densely fractured, and mostly welded ash-flow tuffs that are interbedded with fine-grained, slightly fractured, non-welded ash-flow and ash-fall tuffs that are partly vitric and zeolitized near the water table. Primary study objectives are to define the water potential field within the unsaturated zone and to determine the in-situ bulk permeability and bulk hydrologic properties of the unsaturated tuffs. Borehole testing will be done to determine the magnitude and spatial distribution of physical and hydrologic properties of the geohydrologic units, and of their water potential fields. The study area of this investigation is restricted to that part of Yucca Mountain that immediately overlies and is within the boundaries of the perimeter drift of a US Department of Energy proposed mined, geologic, high-level radioactive-waste repository. Vertically, the study area extends from near the surface of Yucca Mountain to the underlying water table, about 500 to 750 meters below the ground surface. The average distance between the proposed repository and the underlying water table is about 205 meters.


In England and Wales, involuntary admissions for assessment or treatment in mental health wards are based on the legal framework of the Mental Health Act 1983 (as amended in 2007) or the Mental Capacity Act 2005, with the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards introduced in 2007. But what is the "least restrictive" approach and are we truly safeguarding in-patients' liberty by curbing use of the Mental Health Act in particular groups?


This chapter explores the relationship between postcolonialism and disciplinary international relations in order to highlight several issues likely to emerge as postcolonial studies engages with other social science disciplines. It suggests three key areas of concern: the need to avoid postcolonialism's incorporation into other disciplines; the importance of remaining committed to exploring issues of politics, economics and materiality; and the necessity of defending postcolonial studies' unique methodological and normative approaches in collaborative work. It concludes by asserting that the challenge of working interdisciplinarily has the potential to reinvigorate postcolonial studies itself.


Room‐temperature visible‐light emitting diodes were made using liquid phase epitaxy. The n‐side of the junction was ZnSe or ZnSxSe1−x. It also served as the substrate. A layer of the II–VI compound with small III–V compound addition formed the p‐side of the junction. The current‐voltage characteristics, color, and geometry of the emitting area indicated that the visible emission was produced by injecting holes into the n‐side. Efficiency has not yet been measured; it appears to be low but is improving as techniques are being perfected.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, R This compound is reacted in a halide phosphine at a high temperature, then at elevated temperatures, in a solvent, is reacted to branched aldehyde or ketone phosphonium salt obtained can be produced. And these compounds have excellent stability, good biocompatibility, shows a notably greater solubility potential of oxygen gas, that these properties to use them in applications such as ophthalmic, or as an organ storage medium enable.


Thirty-four patients with spondylotic myelopathy underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion with the Smith-Robinson technique. Followup was conducted at 6 months for all patients and at 18 months for 17 patients. No deteriorations occurred, and only 2 patients failed to improve. Progress reached a plateau after 4 months postoperative. Patients with vascular complaints were especially improved after surgery. Additional posterior decompression was required in 6 patients. No patient returned fully to normal. There are five indications for anterior surgery in myelopathy: vascular symptoms, instability, combined radiculopathy and myelopathy, minor spondylosis, and stress protrusion following anterior fusion.


Introduction : Pemphigus comprises a group of diseases characterized by cutaneous and mucosal blistering. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common and important variant. Recent reports have revealed the relatively high incidence of PV in Iran. The onset or aggravation of many human diseases is attributed to oxidative stress and it has been suggested as one of the several factors responsible for etiopathogenesis of pemphigus. The present study sought to assess the association of salivary level of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant level with pemphigus vulgaris. Materials and Methods : This case-control study evaluated patients referred to Razi Dermatology Hospital in Tehran , Iran from January to November 2011. Thirty patients with early diagnosed PV, who had never been on treatment were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of PV was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. The control group consisted of 30 age- and sex-matched healthy non-smoker volunteers. Saliva was collected from subjects for evaluation of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant levels and comparison with controls. GPX and TAS activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry . Independent samples t-test was applied to compare the means of continuous variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results : The mean salivary level of glutathione peroxidase was significantly lower in pemphigus patients. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in total antioxidant levels of saliva. Conclusion : Our findings indicated that lower levels of glutathione peroxidase may be associated with pemphigus vulgaris. Salivary GPx level may be used for diagnosis of PV. Key words : Antioxidant, Pemphigus vulgaris, Glutathione peroxidase.


Little is known about principals' informal advice-seeking networks, although these relationships are likely to be particularly important for professional development. We therefore use highly detailed survey and administrative data to examine advice-seeking relationships within a large urban school district. We draw upon organizational learning and social network research to better conceptualize the causes and consequences of these social ties. This framework suggests some potential barriers to "effective linking" – that is, selecting advice targets who are more experienced, have more desirable leadership skills and qualities, and have school-specific knowledge for a given principal. Exploring advice-seeking ties within a district, using both descriptive and predictive models, we find a network structure in which principals seek advice in largely effective directions; however, personal qualities matter more than school-level characteristics, and ties remain less likely between socially and geographically distant principals net of other factors. Perceived competition for students does not significantly hinder effective linking, and may in fact act as a bridge for informal advice-seeking. Our study has implications for districts seeking to better capture and transfer important organizational leadership knowledge and skills. 1 We wish to thank Mauricio Farias and Matt Kasman for their important help with some of the measures used here and for many helpful comments, Jessica Rodriguez for excellent data collection work, and Demetra Kalgorides and John Valant for their keen insights at several points in this project.


A high-bright, self-magnetically insulated, coaxial ion-beam diode, "Plasma Focus Diode" (PFD), was used to generate a tightly focused ion beam. A calculation model is developed for PFD and the calculated results are compared with previously reported experimental results. With the ion-beam power density of ~ 0.1 TW/cm2, the proton energy loss in aluminium target is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The enhanced energy deposition is observed and is found to be understandable by considering the temperature effect in target plasma.


This paper considers achievable information rates for space--time modulation schemes created by various allocations of signal dimensions to transmit antennas, and various transmit power allocations. We employ a deterministic space and time dispersive channel model following the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards. With informed transmitters, Shannon capacity is achieved by a water-filling power allocation and an eigen-beamforming signalling structure. With uninformed transmitters, we represent the lack of channel knowledge by an a-prior probability distribution on the components of the channel propagation matrix. Then we show that a uniform power allocation makes the fraction of channels whose mutual information is less than any given rate, converge to zero fastest as the a-prior distribution becomes non-informative. Allocating all signal dimensions to all transmit antennas has significant benefits in many situations when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not too small. For extreme SNR (low and high) cases, we consider power and signal dimension allocations that maximise the information rate with partial transmitter channel knowledge. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


By using the reanalysis data of NCEP(1°×1°),the dry intrusion characteristic of a strong dust storm process occurred in the Hexi Corridor from April 9 to 10,2006 was analyzed.The results show that the high potential vorticity,dry air from the upper level of troposphere extended downwards and southwards,which increased the vertical component of the vorticity on the steep iso-entropy plane and promoted the rapid development of the low level cyclone,resulted in a low level jet and the intensive convergence in the boundary layer.


The quantitative analysis of texture data is a computationally intensive task
requiring mathematically sophisticated techniques. The small market has made
commercial distribution of texture analysis software expensive and, on the whole,
unsatisfactory. Additionally, most of the software that has been made available has
been specific to one or another brand of x-ray hardware and associated computer. In
some cases, proprietary data structures have made information interchange almost
impossible.


The new generations of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) space vehicles can transmit three or more frequency signals. Multi-frequency observations bring a significant improvement to precise point positioning ambiguity resolution (PPP AR). However, the multi-frequency satellite code and phase biases need to be properly handled before conducting PPP AR. The traditional satellite bias correction methods, for example, the commonly used differential code biases (DCB), are limited to the dual-frequency ionosphere-free (IF) case and become more and more difficult to extend to multi-GNSS and multi-frequency cases. In this contribution, we propose the observable-specific signal bias (OSB) correction method for un-differenced and uncombined (UDUC) PPP AR. The OSB correction method, which includes observable-specific satellite code and phase bias correction, can directly apply kinds of OSBs to GNSS original observation data, thus, it is more appropriate for multi-GNSS and multi-frequency cases. In order to verify the performance of multi-frequency UDUC-PPP AR based on the OSB correction method, triple-frequency GPS observation data provided by 142 Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations were used to estimate observable-specific satellite phase biases at the PPP service end and some of them were also used to conduct AR at the PPP user end. The experiment results showed: the averaged time-to-first-fix (TTFF) of triple-frequency GPS kinematic UDUC-PPP AR with observable-specific satellite code bias (SCB) corrections could reach about 22 min with about 29% improvement, compared with that without observable-specific SCB corrections; TTFF of triple-frequency static UDUC-PPP AR with observable-specific phase-specific time-variant inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB) corrections took about 15.6 min with about 64.3% improvement, compared with that without observable-specific IFCB corrections.


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation.December 2017. Major: Health Services Research, Policy and Administration. Advisor: Angeline Carlson. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 165 pages.


Reliability of the transmission-type optical smoke detectors is limited by the high sensitivity of optical components to parasitic effects, especially to contamination and temperature. Influences of the high rate temperature variations cannot be eliminated by filtering, as their spectral range partially overlaps with the spectral range of a smoke absorption index. Hence, sensitivity to these effects has to be eliminated through the mutual cancellation of the corresponding components of the output signal. First determining the temperature dependence of the light source and the receiver in the generalized block diagram of the transmission-type optical smoke detector, transfer functions are derived, specifying the detector output signal as a function of the temperature variations of the blocks considered. Using the second-order thermal model for the thermal system of the optoelectronic diodes, an expression is given for the steady-state solution of the difference of the source and the receiver diode junction temperatures, when the ambient temperature is a ramp function of time. On the basis of the thermal system analysis, a block diagram is shown to be equivalent to RC low-pass (LP) filters that model the pn junction temperature dependence on ambient temperature. For the completed block diagram, with the help of the expressions derived, an analysis is performed to establish how to eliminate the detector threshold sensitivity to ambient temperature variations, or to adjust it to realize a multicriteria fire detector.


According to the editors, the preparations for this book trail back to 2014. The bulk of the book consists of interviews with 20 current sound artists, all with short, personal introductions by one of the editors, Cathy Lane or Angus Carlyle. The interviews are followed by an Afterword, which is structured as a conversation between the editors. As a whole, the interviews are intended to show different practices, approaches and ideas in contemporary sound art, to enlarge 'the perceived dimensions of sound arts practices' (p. 5) and render an image of sound art in this 'present historical moment' (p. 7). The artists that have been interviewed for this book are (in order of their contributions) Adam Basanta, A. M. Kanngieser, Budhaditya Chattopadhyay, Caroline Devine, Elsa M'bala, Evan Ifekoya, Hanna Tuulikki, Hong-Kai Wang, Jau-Lan Guo, Jennifer Walshe, Khaled Kaddal, Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Lina Lapelyte, Maria Chavez, Mark Peter Wright, Mikel R. Nieto, Mikhail Karakis, Samson Young, Yang Yeung and Yashas Shetty. The premises for selecting this particular group of artists have not been made clear. However, since several of them are previous students of the editors and/or have become part of the editors' network during their travels, the selection appears to result from the editors' personal interests and motivations rather than a more principled or theoretical approach. This personal approach is evident also in the interviews, where the artists provide interesting thoughts on their backgrounds, their educations, their artistic collaborations and shows significant elements in what has shaped their artistic practices. The diversity of the artists' backgrounds and work makes it difficult to distinguish clear trends from this selection, something that is also noted by the editors in the Afterword. There are nonetheless questions and topics that can be recognised among the practices outlined by most of the artists included in this book. But first – what is not discussed: the sounds themselves; the changes in air pressure that constitute the basis for our perception of sound character, function and significance. This perspective that is so important, particularly in many central European strands of sound art, is not discussed at all. It seems that sonic qualities and nuances in timbral expression are uninteresting when compared with the referential qualities and broader social situations for these new sonic arts. In the book, there is little evidence that installation works that reveal or emphasise essential traits or characteristics of a site or situation are of much interest, and the physical and psychological craft of developing ideas in between sound, space and site is hardly mentioned. The social aspects are emphasised, not the acoustic. Thus one can say that any type of essentialism is losing ground to relational perspectives in this book, and this is clearly a new development in sound art, also discussed in other recent publications on sound art.1 What is discussed in most of the interviews is the social framingof theworks, the collaborationwith public, audience and other contributors, and ideas of diverse identities, in a perspective of de-colonisation. Many of the artists interviewed in this book are from Asia and Africa, and questions of identity and identity politics are prominent in much of their thinking. This type of perspective on the global south is particularly pronounced in the interviews with Budhaditya Chattopadhyay and Khaled Kaddal, and discussed in more detail by Mikel R. Nieto: 'How is the other listening? And how does the other listen to us?' These questions are a bit more difficult to address than earlier queries into acoustic space art and experimental music – the two main development lines in the more historical strand of sound art. A. M. Kanngieser takes these types of questions into field recordings and eco-compositions; how a listener can generate meaning from sound without being familiar with its background and context – who listens, and to what? This is further echoed in the interviewwithHannaTuulikki, where she adds the idea of listening with instead of listening to, and expands the range of subjects to include the increasingly popular term 'more than human'. In the interviews, there is a broad willingness to engage sound art in types of political activism, in understanding and resisting marginalisation (Evan Ifekoya), and exploiting intimacy as a tool to both disarm and engage the public (Maria Chavez). A phenomenological perspective is absent overall, and is explicitly rejected by Lawrence Abu Hamdan, who finds it too narrow to be useful in grasping the larger political issues. To some extent, this is mirrored in the interview with Elsa M'bala, whose works start with a theme, and not at all with a sound. In many of the interviews, listening has become politicised and


The main features of a digital data link system for communication with a number of aircraft over a single radio frequency by time division multiplex are described. Part 1 describes a ground-to-ground link for conveying the coded messages from the originating centre to the radio transmitter site. Six telephone lines are used, each line carrying 19 parallel 50-baud voice frequency telegraph channels. The equipment is engineered with transistors and printed circuit boards and some figures of fault incidence and reliability are given. Part 2 describes the airborne decoder. Message recognition and means to extract the digit synchronization are described and the design considerations for filtering and coupling the message from the receiver to the decoder are given. Two digital-toanalogue conversion circuits are outlined, one to provide a 400-c/s voltage proportional to the digital quantity, the second a means to generate an angular quantity as a shaft position within the decoder. Brief mention is made of the engineering methods adopted to give the necessary reliability.


So far, neural networks have been treated with emphasis on connectivity and synaptic strengths. It is obvious, however, that the response properties of the postsynaptic elements also play a crucial role for the overall performance of a network. Drawing mainly from our own experiments on nerve cells we illustrate how sophisticated response properties dedicate nerve cells to produce desired outputs, enhance processing density and provide time scale to network operations. We note that the response properties are specific for each cell type and open to modification by intrinsic activity and by certain classes of input. It is suggested that adopting new performance in some cases may be better served by changes in postsynaptic response properties rather than by changing synaptic strengths.


SUMMARY Yams (Dioscorea spp.) constitute an important starchy staple in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where food security for a growing population is a critical issue. Mixed cropping in yam based systems is the norm in the region and productivity of yams in these systems is below potential. It is concluded that there is much scope for improvement of yam based cropping systems in SSA in order to meet the needs of the region. The strategy of crop breeding to select yam varieties suitable for various cropping systems must consider a truly multidisciplinary systems approach. Further manipulation must be made to tuber dormancy to expand flexibility in field propagation in different cropping systems and improve storage and marketing. The sustainability of yam based cropping systems in SSA could improve if agronomic research was focused on strategies for improving soil fertility, weed and pest management including design of cropping systems and suitable rotations.


In this report we present, for seven of the fourteen key shark species, information on the geographic
range of catches; temporal trends in catch composition and catch rates; and key biological indicators
of fishing pressure such as mean size and sex ratio. Whale sharks are assessed separately due to
the unique nature of their interactions with WCPO fisheries. The analysis generally follows the
framework first developed and described in the Shark Research Plan (Clarke and Harley, 2010).
This analysis provides indicative trends for silky shark, oceanic whitetip, mako shark, blue shark,
whale sharks and porbeagle sharks, but more limited inferences are possible for hammerhead and
thresher shark species complexes, largely due to lack of data. These species are not commonly
caught in the primary fi sheries in the WCPO, and are historically not well reported.
Where possible we have included observer data for 2014, but note that these data are incomplete
and certain inferences from these data should be made with caution.


Epiphytic bacteria were isolated from Porphyra yezoensis cultivated in the fields or wildly distributed in natural coasts from Nantong (Jiangsu); Qingdao (Shandong) and Wenzhou (Zhejiang) in China, and the conchocelis cultured in Dongtai (Jiangsu) in order to investigate their diversity and the relationship with healthy culture of Porphyra. On the basis of morphological observation, DGGE of 16S rDNA-V3 fragments and 16S rDNA sequence, 63 isolated strains were grouped into 21 morphotypes, which had high similarities with strains of 10 genus such as Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter, Bacillus and so on. The analysis showed that the epiphytic bacteria flora in P. yezoensis were relevant with its growth habitats but different from its surroundings. The flora of epiphytic bacteria from different origins, different physiological status (health and disease) and different development stages (thallus and conchocelis) were quite various. The bioactivities of the epiphytic bacteria were measured by the normal tested bacteria and pathogenic bacteria of animal aquaculture or human beings, which showed correlation with the physiological status of their hosts. Dominating bacteria from healthy Porphyra belonged to the genus Pseudoalteromonas, which were not found in rotted samples. The significant difference of epiphytic bacterial flora might have some relationships with the healthy growth of P. yezoensis.


A device for minimizing the current consumption of a motor vehicle generator from the battery during the starting phase of a motor vehicle, has a generator unit and a generator regulator. The generator regulator includes a regulator control, which has a unit for providing a first control signal having a fixedly specified pulse duty factor, a unit for providing a second control signal having a pulse duty factor that is a function of the excitation current, and a unit for selecting the control signal having the smaller of the two pulse duty factors, which is supplied to the output stage of the generator regulator as the control signal.


During the construction process of the 2302 wind drift,there was significant pressure found on the roadway,and there were large deformations,so it was unable to meet the needs of safety and production.After the bolt and grouting reinforced technology was adopted,the safety of the roadway tunnel was guaranteed so that it achieved the smooth mining of the 2302 working face.