Summary A 29-year-old manwithprevious Henoch-Schonlein disease presented withmultiple systemic emboli anda myocardial infarction. Subsequent investigation by angiography showed normal coronary arteries. This appears tobethefirst reported caseofHenochSchonlein disease andmyocardial infarction probably duetocoronary vasculitis.


Backed lithic artifacts are an important part of the Upper Paleolithic tool kit, and are often among the most abundant categories of lithic tools found at Magdalenian and Gravettian sites. Often these tools are exclusively referred to as projectiles, and indeed many – if not most – backed pieces may have been parts of composite projectile heads, mounted laterally onto organic points (e.g., Allain and Descouts 1957; Allain 1979; Abramova 1982; Bergman and Newcomer 1983; Leroi Gourhan 1983; Plisson 1985; Nuzhnyi 1993; Christensen and Valentin 2004; Sano 2009; Langlais 2010; AraujoIgreja 2011; Tomasso et al. 2018). Experiments of varying comprehensiveness concerned with the use of (Magdalenian) backed pieces as projectile inserts have confirmed the effectivity of this setup (e.g., Moss and Newcomer 1982; Pétillon et al. 2011; Gauvrit Roux et al. 2020). However, backed pieces sometimes also served other purposes like cutting, sawing, shaving, scraping or perforating (Moss and Newcomer 1982; Moss 1983; Owen 1988; PielDesruisseaux 1998; Christensen and Valentin 2004; Taller et al. 2012). The modular technological system involving these lithic artifacts is highly versatile, mobile and dynamic as there are numerous possibilities of use and as the small lithic inserts are easy to transport and the composite tools themselves are easy to maintain and repair. Here, we present the results of an experiment where different tasks were carried out using backed pieces hafted in a wooden handle or operated handheld. The design of the handles loosely follows examples found at Canadian Dorset sites where bladelets comparable in size to Magdalenian backed pieces were hafted and used as knives (Owen 1988, 88ff.). We tried out the tools in various activities (cutting, perforating and carving/whittling) on a set of worked materials (wood, antler, marine shell, smoked meat, dried, semitanned hide, and tanned leather). After the completion of these tasks, the applicability, durability and usefulness of the setup were evaluated and the lithic inserts were checked microscopically for usewear traces.


This report describes the findings of the extended investigation into the existence and effects of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on the Southern African network. This would also apply to any other network at mid-latitude. The transmission network was modelled and the GICs calculated for major storms at various substations. Thereafter equipment was installed at two substations to monitor the performance of transformers during geomagnetic storms. The measured results were compared to calculated for verification of the modelling technique used and assumptions made. This report also describes the performance of network equipment such as transformers and reactors in the presence of GICs. Condition monitoring is used to investigate the link between degradation of these units and geomagnetic activity. The development of a preparation process and mitigational techniques are also described in the report. By combining the advanced warning process with operational procedures it could assist network operators to manage the network during a geomagnetic storm and thus reduce the probability of network perturbations and equipment damage.


In Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA), incoming user bits are directly mapped to the multi-dimensional codewords of pre-defined codebooks (CBs). Optimal CB resource assignment is requisite for maximal performance gain in the application of SCMA. This work investigates and develops a codebook resource assignment to macro users equipment's (MUEs) and small cell users equipment's (SUEs), in an uplink heterogeneous network (HetNet) system for optimal achievable sum rate. The MUEs and SUEs are grouped into different clusters with different power levels and the system formulated as sum rate maximization codebook assignment problem in the underlying small cells. Due to the prohibitive nature of the resultant mixed combinatory problem, we propose a sub-optimal but fast CB assignment algorithm based on the available channel state information (CSI). At the receiver, a joint successive interference cancellation (SIC) and a low complexity log-domain message passing algorithm (MPA) based multi-user detection (MUD) scheme is employed to reduce the cost of the system. We demonstrate through simulation results that the proposed resource allocation algorithm results in improved sum rate and link level performance for uplink SCMA HetNet based system.


The establishment of "protection net" for the social vulnerable group is the necessary choice for the construction of a harmonious society. For the purpose of meeting the urgency of constructing and improving a protection net for vulnerable groups among involuntary migration, the paper proposes to design and set up an overall protection net oriented to vulnerable groups among involuntary migration through an a-nalysis of the group's characteristics and allocation range. The net depends on the overall planning and cooperation of the government, society and individual.


Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of 3D models of patients with complex congenital heart disease(CHD) printed by domestic 3D printers based on cardiac CT data.

Methods
From April 2018 to June 2018, our hospital used domestic 3D printers to print the hearts of 50 patients with complex CHD. The median age of the patients was 24 months(1 month to 61 years), and the diseases included pulmonary atresia, right ventricular double outlet and transposition of aorta. 3 measurement sites(150 in total) were selected for each patient. Pearson correlation coefficient calculation, paired t test and Bland-Altman analysis were performed.

Results
Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.997.The difference of the measured value of CT-model was tested for normality. P was 0.2 of the D test. The Q-Q graph showed that the data point and the theoretical line were highly overlapped. The mean difference was(-0.07±0.67)mm, P=0.196. In Bland-Altman analysis, the consistency boundary value interval of the difference was(-1.29 mm, 1.16 mm) between which there were 143/150(95.33%) points.

Conclusion
3D models of patients with complex CHD printed by domestic 3D printers based on cardiac CT data have good accuracy.

Key words:
3D printing; Congenital heart disease; 3D printer


Cytoplasms, capsules, cell walls, and extracellular antigens or Mycococcus were prepared and examined by selected chemical and immunological methods. Soluble components were separated and purified by the isoelectrofocusing and polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Chemical analysis revealed that the cell walls were composed of phosphatide–mucopolysaccharides. The cytoplasm consisted mainly of nucleoprotein–polysaccharides, and the capsular material was composed of phosphatide–muconucleo-proteins. The culture filtrate antigen consisted mainly of polysaccharide–proteins. The antigen preparations were found to share at least one major antigenic component. The cytoplasm of Mycococcus revealed close immunological relationships to seven cytoplasm serogroups of nocardiae, four serogroups of scotochromogenic mycobacteria, and one cytoplasm serogroup of Dermatophilus. In an overall scheme of biological relationships, Mycococcus appears to be situated between the "lower" (fast-growing) mycobacteria and the "higher" (slow...


Wheezing is one of the characteristic symptoms of asthma.But non-asthmatic preschool children may also experience repeated wheezing.Asthma diagnosis is difficult.Preschool children are not cooperative enough to participate in spirometry and invasive tests.Thus, searching for biological markers that can help diagnose and evaluate asthma in preschool children has been a hot research topic.We reviewed studies on biomarkers for diagnosis and assessment of asthma in preschool children.

Key words:
Biomarkers; Preschool children; Asthma


Unlike many aspects of the right to privacy, the theory that the Constitution provides strong protection for the right to marry has been largely uncontroversial. Although at times quarreling with the specific formulations adopted by the Court, commentators generally have been eager to endorse some form of enhanced scrutiny for the right to marry. Most recently, these arguments have been particularly prominent in litigation seeking to establish the right of same sex couples to marry. In addition, however, such arguments have been deployed in support of the proposition that the Constitution threatens prohibitions on marriage between blood relations and restricts the ability of the state to regulate premarital and extramarital sexual relations.On one level, the strong support for a constitutional right to marry is unsurprising. The invocation of such a right has considerable rhetorical impact. After all, what could be more "fundamental" than the right to marry and create a family? Closer examination, however, reveals substantial difficulties with the concept of a constitutional right to marry - difficulties that are typically not discussed in the relevant scholarship. This essay, first published in 1992 in the George Washington Law Review, focuses on those difficulties and concludes that the idea of a constitutional right to marry is fundamentally unsound.


Abstract : A review is presented of the literature on the psychomotor and physiologic effects of acceleration, emphasizing primarily +Gx. Among the topics reviewed are terminology, cardiovascular effects, mechanical loading effects, performance changes, and tolerance limits. (Author)


Background: Modern methods of complex diagnostics in neurotraumatology, in particular computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enable neurosurgeons to make a differentiated approach to choosing the right method for treating traumatic and other brain injuries. Objective: To elaborate criteria for differentiated treatment of severe focal traumatic brain injuries. Methods: Results of treatment in 126 patients with severe craniocerebral injury have been examined, 74 of them were undergone to surgical methods of treatment, and 52 patients were treated conservatively. To all patients computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging procedures of the brain were done. The results of treatment were assessed using Glasgow Outcome Scale. Criteria for selection of patients were fact of severe isolated craniocerebral injury, depth and time of loss of consciousness, availability of СТ and МRI of brain in dynamics, and operational findings. Results: It was determined а high degree of possibility of tomographic objectification and consecutive transformation of substrates of injured brain. It is noted, that the most frequent traumatization is observed for frontal (43.4%) and temporal (40.5%) brain lobes. Conclusions: Introduction of differentiated approach to using conservative and surgical methods of treatment for severe traumatic cerebral contusion and hematomas of brain, and preference of conservative treatment led to greater efficiency and adequacy of treatment of these patients.


In "The Affective Domain and the Writing Process: Working Defini tions," Susan McLeod undertakes the difficult task of defining affect. McLeod offers definitions for various facets of affective experience and suggests classifying these facets on the basis of their intensity and stability. While a continuum founded on intensity-stability renders affective experiences manageable, like any taxonomy it conceals and highlights simultaneously. For instance, although McLeod acknowledges the interpenetration of cog nition and affect, her taxonomy tends to obscure this fundamental character istic of all thought. I would like to suggest an alternate way to define affect, one based on the interweaving of affect and cognition. Defining affect in this fashion highlights the crucial role affect plays in all thought and stresses the need to expand our research agenda to embrace affect. Affect is not an adjunct to thought or a supernumerary in meaning making. It is an integral, if not the initiating, part of all knowledge construc tion. As Vygotsky points out, "A true and full understanding of another's thought is possible only when we understand its affective-volitional basis" (150). Nor is Vygotsky the only researcher to cite the primacy of affect. For instance, two years before the first appearance of Vygotsky's Thought and Language, Frederic Bartlett, the father of schema theory, noted the essential role affect plays in cognition. Bartlett claims that affect serves as the basis for thinking and remembering. It is also the major way we have of "turning around" on our schemata and obtaining conscious understanding. More recently, Susan Fiske, with her concept of schema-triggered affect, builds on Bartlett's work. According to Fiske, affect is inextricably woven into our knowledge domains as we construct them. The intensity of any affective reaction is an outgrowth of the degree to which a particular schema, and its attendant affective elements, is instantiated. Finally, Robert Plutchik em phasizes the fundamental role of affect in the evolution of the species and in the development of the individual. Plutchik asserts that affect phylogeneti cally and ontogenetically precedes cognition. What this research serves to highlight is that cognition does not occur bereft of affect. Nor is affect, contrary to the claims of Rom Harr6 and


Different peoples have different laboring values and different connotations of their values. The traditional laboring value of Japanese people has its peculiar features, as deposits in its language: the laboring value of hardworking and enterprising, of taking idleness as guilty and diligence as honor, and of labor being the need of spiritual life and laboring for the society.


Total Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 23-Demethyleushearilide and Extensive Antimicrobial Evaluation of All Synthetic Stereoisomers of (16Z,20E)-Eushearilide and (16E,20E)-Eushearilide. Molecules


Background: Capparis spinosa is used in Persian medicine for treatment of various diseases. In order to easier use, better patient's acceptance and more stability, preparing a suitable dosage form is necessary. Objective: The aim of the study was preparing tablet form from caper fruits and quality assessment of the product. Methods: The fruit extraction was performed using ethanol 80% and maceration technique and the extract was dried by freeze dryer. Eight formulations were made using lactose, avicel PH-102, SiO 2 and magnesium stearate. The best formulation was failed during stability tests; therefore, the extract was dried by spray drying method along with maltodextrin and SiO 2 as excipients. Eight formulations were prepared using lactose, avicel PH-102, croscarmellose sodium, PVP K30 and magnesium stearate and the best one was selected. Physicochemical and microbial assessments were performed on the selected formulation and stability tests were done in 40°C and 75% humidity as well as 30°C. Results: Caper tablets with freeze dried extract were deformed and their color changed but tablets with spray dried extract were stable in 30°C. They were oblong, green-blue, biconvex, scored tablets with 20.3×9.9×6.7 mm dimensions. Weight, hardness, disintegration time, rutin assay and dissolution were 1115 mg ± 10%, 18.33 ± 1.52 kp, 15±3.5 min, 0.58 ± 0.02 mg/tab and 93.03 ± 3.61 % in 60 min, respectively. Conclusion: Caper tablets are good candidate for production in industrial scale after in vivo and clinical studies. Moreover stability assessment of the tablets should be performed in suitable packaging in long term study.


In this study, processing steps and advantages & disadvantages of cook-chill method was explained. Importance of quality control and HACCP practices in application of the system was outlined.


Issues concerning establishing grounds to increase a list of objects of environmental legal relations, which significantly affect environmental law as a science and branch of law. Special attention is paid to scientific theoretical approaches to understanding objects of environmental law. Matters related to the objects of environmental legal protection are addressed. An attempt is made to draw theoretic conclusions and give scientific background to proposal on improvement of the existing laws


Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Green Long was used for callus regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants. Significantly high amount of callus (1.418g) was obtained from cotyledon explants in a combination of 1μM 2, 4-D and 4μM BAP, which was green, compact and better than that in all treatments of leaf explants. Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) was successfully multiplied in cucumber callus which was confirmed through Dot-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Calli derived from both explants of cucumber were transformed with gus gene using gene gun.


which the text was composed, and the approximate date of its composition, as occurs in his introduction to "The Conquest of Alexandria" (4–5) and in a description of an incident that occurred among the dhimmi of Cairo in 1301 (336). The reader is left to guess whether the sources are eyewitness accounts or later historical interpretations. Sometimes Rodriguez names the author, but provides no further information with the result that the reader cannot situate him intellectually, politically, or socially, as in an excerpt from the author Ibn al-Qalanisi who provides an account of the popular Muslim reaction to the First Crusade (67) or the report on the situation in Sicily in 1185 by Ibn Jubayr (321). These are not household names. Including a phrase or two of biographical information would have been useful. Occasionally Rodriguez merely fails provide the date when the work was composed, as in the case of Ludolph von Suchem's travel account describing Damascus's main market (234). But such information is vital, especially in a case like this where the text is helpfully paired with Pedro Tafur's description from the 1430s of Cairo's main market. The reader is left wondering whether the two accounts are contemporary or centuries apart. Perhaps in some of these cases the relevant information is lost, but this should be noted. Such omissions add unnecessary complexity to any effort to interpret a source and they set a poor example for students. They do not, however, invalidate the overall usefulness of the volume which, in the final analysis, provides a rich array of varied interactions between Christians and Muslims and diverse views of the other from an important period of history.


CANSAT's are getting more popular each day in aerospace engineering curriculums because they enable the students to have hands-on experience on virtual satellite launch operations. This paper presents design and implementation of a PC based ground station for CANSAT's. So far, most of the emphasis has been built on the hardware and software inside the CANSAT. However, during the competitions it has been observed that even though the CANSAT works perfectly, the ground station frequently fails therefore leading to mission failure. In this study a ground station is developed from scratch using a high level language (C#) and the procedure is defined briefly. The station is platform-free therefore it may operate with any CANSAT having different brand microcontrollers. The users may track several parameters and send control commands simultaneously. The ground-station is one of the most important aspects of CANSAT trials however, for the beginners it may be challenging to provide all these features at once. This study defines many practical aspects of designing ground stations so that more emphasis may be given to the design of CANSAT hardware and software.


This paper shows that the inclusion of institutional indicators in a traditional model of growth substantially improves its explanatory capacity. The results have implications for economic policy, because not all the dimensions of institutional quality influence growth to the same extent. A large sample of 165 countries and estimation methods with instrumental variables are used to solve endogeneity problems.


Recently, many groups in the field of tissue engineering have attempted to utilize decellularized matrices for tissue regeneration. The decellularized matrices are known as a suitable tissue-engineered scaffold that retains the original structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the native tissue as well as its complex vasculature. While chemical reagents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are generally selected to fabricate the decellularized matrices due to its ease of use, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has become a powerful alternative to induce the decellularization without using any chemical reagents which have a possibility to provoke inflammatory response by the residual chemicals after in vivo transplantation. Although the HHP has been regarded as a promising tool to decellularize the native tissue, its fabrication mechanism remains still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the fabrication mechanism using HHP of 980 MPa to decellularize uterine tissues harvested from Sprague Dawley rats. As a result of histochemical analysis, we first reported that actin filaments in the uterine tissue were depolymerized by applying HHP. Our present findings will lead to the optimization of fabrication method using hydrostatic pressure to have an optimal decellularize matrix with complete micro- and macro-structures of the native tissue for tissue regeneration.


AbstractUnderstanding the mechanical behavior of lunar regolith is of great importance to address the building of structures on the Moon, as well as for predicting the response of some equipment or...


The feasibility of absorbing in diethylene glycol, SO/sup 2/ from air containing 1000 ppm SO/sup 2/ and desorbing the SO/sup 2/ for recovery was confirmed. A design is given for use at new sulfuric acid facilities at munition plants. Development was discontinued because the tail gas could contain 0.1% of H/sup 2/SO/sup 4/, SO/sup 3/ and NOx, which could react to form explosive dinitrate. (GRA)


The mechanism of [1,2] methyl Wittig migration in the simple free and lithiated anionic H2COCH3 model system is investigated at the CAS-MCSCF and CCSD(T) levels of theory, providing, on one hand, a picture of the processes taking place in the gas phase and, on the other hand, two extreme descriptions of ionic association relevant to the condensed phase (absent or tight anion−cation interaction). (A) The bonding situation of the free carbanion correlates with the homolytic dissociation limit, but the heterolytic case is significantly lower in energy, and an avoided crossing takes place:  dissociation becomes consequently heterolytic in character. However, the heterolytic limit is not necessarily attained, because nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon by methide occurs before an oxygen−carbon distance of 3 A is reached. (B) In contrast, in the lithiated system, the O−C bond is homolytically cleaved, because the lithium counterion stays firmly bound to oxygen, thus stabilizing the incipient radical anio...


TPS178Background: In metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), abiraterone combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is highly effective in improving patient outcomes. However, a...


The potential of horticulture in raising agricultural production, value added, farm income and employment in the country has been recognised long ago. The Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74) recognised the importance of this sector. However, the need to raise foodgrain production to secure reasonable availability of staple food was so pressing at that time that promotion of horticulture was considered less important than raising foodgrain production. Besides policy factors, the green revolution technology also favoured wheat and paddy more than any other crop. Towards late 1970s dependence on imports for meeting foodgrain demand almost vanished and a sort of food self sufficiency was in sight. This led to a turnaround in policy towards diversification and area under cereal crops started declining for the first time after 1983-84. However, this diversification did not focus on horticulture alone and it followed in many directions, away from cereals. Diversification towards horticulture got real boost in the early 1990s which coincided with liberalisation of economy. Augmenting facilities for processing, marketing and storage, development of rainfed and irrigated horticulture was one of the objective of new agricultural policy resolution, 1992, (Government of India, 1993). However, the successes achieved in horticulture are not adequately recognised and understood. The general perception is that diversification towards horticulture was export-led. This paper examines the various patterns, trends and successes achieved in diversification towards horticulture since 1970-71 at national and state level with a view to identify the factors underlying its progress and explores further scope for diversification towards horticulture and its role in achieving the target of 4 per cent growth rate in agricultural sector during 11th Plan (Government of India, 2007). The productivity and progress of horticulture is compared with other major crop groups.


Abstract : This report describes the work done in collaboration with the United States Marine Corps, on the development of a methodology to improve the 1979 Program Objectives Memorandum (POM) process. The generic approach chosen was cost-benefit analysis. The goal of cost-benefit analysis is to identify, for subsequent funding, those programs that optimize the total benefit to a decision maker within his budget constraints. The identification of optimal procurements is based upon determination of the 'true' costs and benefits of each program. 'True' or absolute costs and benefits are often very difficult to determine because subjective estimates must be made, and because some of the less-than-obvious costs and/or benefits may be overlooked. The programs involved in this analysis were all future capability items in the procurement appropriation. DDI's efforts were focused on obtaining good subjective estimates of the relative benefits for each of these programs. Psychologists and decision analysts have observed that the best way to obtain accurate quantifications of this sort is to use paried comparisons, that is, to ask the expert to make a series of choices between two packages of programs, each choice having certain implications about the benefits of the programs.


Santa Clara University School of Law, Santa Clara, CA, 2006(Full) Professor, 2012Associate Professor (with tenure), 2008-2012 Assistant Professor, 2006-08 Associate Dean for Research, 2021Director/Co-Director of the High Tech Law Institute, 2006(on sabbatical 2015-16) Supervisor/Co-Supervisor, Privacy Law Certificate, 2014(on sabbatical 2015-16) Assistant Director, Tech Edge J.D. program, 2017Courses taught: Internet Law; Intellectual Property; Advertising & Marketing Law; a short course in our Summer LLM Program (9 hours of Internet Law)


and that the author seriously thinks that this sequence can be generalized. There is no mention of Leakey's opinion (in Adam's Ancestors, 1953, App. 11) that the Capsian and Oranian (Iberomaurusian) should be regarded as manifestations of the same people living in a different environment. It is a pity that the author failed to make full use of the Cyrenaican material obtained by McBurney (whose name in the index is given as ' Burney, Mc '). There is little that can be added to the author's closing statement that ' le Capsien est bien une civilisation africaine ', but there still remains the problem of how the blade cultures reached the Black Continent. The North-West African Neolithic period is an even darker one than those which preceded it. Stratified sites are alleged to be rare, and in the present state of knowledge one cannot form an adequate picture of the regional groups. The author states the facts clearly and directs the reader's attention to a forthcoming monograph on the Maghrebian Neolithic by his former pupil G. Souville. T o the European reader it is important that he illustrates a potsherd which unquestionably belongs to a bellbeaker. This means that there are now three sites in North-West Africa yielding remains of this culture. This third site is not, like the other two, situated on the coast, but is about 80 to IOO miles inland from Oran. Like almost everyone else who has dealt with the problem recently, M. Balout thinks that these bellbeakers originated in Spain. He may be right but, as long as the Sahara remains an almost blank spot on the archaeological map, older opinions calling attention to resemblances between the bellbeaker culture and Nubian Group C should not be wholly overlooked or set aside. The age of art depicted on rocks, is briefly mentioned. It is remarkable that it has now been proved to have been first practised in Upper Capsian times. What has been said above should suffice to arouse great interest in the book. Attention should be called to the fact that on the map on p. 77 the Blue Nile is misnamed the Atbara and the Sobat the Blue Nile. This book of M. Balout's, together with the others mentioned in the first paragraph above, will provide a firm basis for future research, and one hopes that it will be carried out successfully. GUNTER SMOLLA.


The focus of Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Office of Communication and Education is to engage the public through the implementation of innovative approaches such as informal and formal education methods, science outreach, and research development efforts [1]. One of the direct outcomes of this emphasis is to create a bridge to provide students access to the research and development activities involved in space exploration, as well as to support and develop a pipeline program to encourage the next generation of engineers and scientists. Of special interest is to transfer robotics research knowledge derived from JPL efforts to the educational arena [2]. The robotics field represents the integration of multiple facets of engineering and science – from mechanical construction to intelligence programming to science data analysis. It is an ideal opportunity to showcase the relationship math and science have on tangible real-world applications. In addition, the robotics field incorporates non-traditional areas of study such as the social aspects of teamwork, system engineering, and hands-on experimentation methods. These represent only a small subset of the elements necessary for developing an integrated, intelligent robotic system for space exploration.


Non‐linear bending analysis of moderately thick laminated plates and cylindrical panels with various thermo‐mechanical loadings and boundary conditions is presented using generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method together with the Newton‐Raphson iterative scheme. Different symmetric and asymmetric lamination sequences together with various combinations of clamped, simply supported and free boundary conditions are considered. Assuming the effects of shear deformation and initial curvature, based on the first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and von Kármán‐type of geometric non‐linearity, the governing system of equations is obtained. This system includes thirteen non‐linear partial differential equations (PDEs) in terms of unknown displacements, rotations, forces and moments. The solution domain, governing equations and related boundary conditions are then discretized based on the GDQ technique. It is observed that the method provides reasonably accurate results with relatively small number of grid points. Comparisons of the predictions with results of finite element analyses show very good agreement. More results for panels with particular boundary conditions are presented for future references.


Due to differences in the high-frequency signal and mean sensitivity of needle parameters in Scots pine and Ponderosa pine revealed in previous investigations, variance caused by climate factors at a dry site in the northeast lowlands of Brandenburg was investigated. Although water is the general limiting factor for both tree species, there are evident differences in the climate-driven impact on individual needle parameters. Autumn precipitation of the previous year was equally important for Scots pine and Ponderosa pine, but summer precipitation was more significant for the needle parameters of Scots pine. In contrast to precipitation, temperature seems to have a minor impact on needle parameters. Although January temperatures are significant predictors for both species, intercorrelations between needle parameters and summer temperatures were found only for Ponderosa pine. Striking correlation was also found between sun activity and needle production in Ponderosa pine, but not Scots pine, indicating possible adaptation to solar radiation.


Imām Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī - Muslim theologian and scholar, universally acclaimed for his intellectual brilliance, and his extremely wide-ranging commentary on the Qur'an Mafāṭīḥ al-Ghayb, which ranks among the greatest works of its kind. Imām Razi's rationalism holds an important place in the debate in the Islamic tradition on the harmonization of reason and revelation. Istidrāk means correction of mistake, completion of deficiency and clarification of ambiguity. Islamic sciences have a long tradition of this area of research. The present article studies the juristic iIstidrāks Imām Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī in his Tafsir Mafāṭīḥ al-Ghayb on Qāzī Abdul Jabbār Al-MutzilI. It concludes that these scholar have been objective while criticizing or differing with others. They very politely pion out the mistakes of other scholars and try their best to guide their readers towards the accurate Islamic notions.


An oxidation protective coating of SiBCN(O) is prepared by slurry method, using polyborosilazane (PBSZ)-ethanol solution as the precursor. The dense and uniform coatings are obtained by pyrolysis and sintering at 1573K. The sintering temperature is significantly reduced and the densification is improved by introducing oxygen. The coating shows high oxidation protecting performance during the thermal shock between 1773K and room temperature for 10 cycles. The oxidation mechanism of the coating is studied and the results show that two stages are included: the relatively stable stage and the weight loss stage.


Change in the molecular configuration of transition states after the π-complex in benzene nitration made visible from the semi-empirical molecular orbital calculation. CG Teaching material could demonstrate the structural change of reactants with both space filling and ball-and-stick models along with the reaction profile, which can provide image of energy change during the reaction. The teaching material was tried to combine with chemical experiments of student's lab used tablet PC for the purpose of making electronic textbook of basic chemistry, which integrates the observable level experiment and the molecular world.


This article was published in THE SAVANNA FARMER MAGAZINE under the theme Promoting Livestock Production for House Hold Food Security in Northern Ghana


[Objective]To explore and set up an effective model for multi-sector participation in HIV/AIDS screening among immigrant women.[Methods]Since July,2007 lists of immigrant women were collected by multi-sectors,accumulated by the CDC,and distributed to township health centers for blood samplings and test on HIV antibody.[Results]A total of 2 370 immigrant women were supplied by multi-sectors in September,2007,926 of them were checked and 489 of them were confirmed to be tested.A total of 939 immigrant women were supplied by multi-sectors from September,2007 to August,2009,447 of them were checked and 407 of them were confirmed to be tested.54 immigrant women were found by random sampling and all were registered.The detection rate was 39.36% before project implementing,and 99.44% after project implementing(P0.01).The timely rate of detection was 2.35% before project implementing and 70.27% after project implementing(P0.01).1 and 6 HIV/AIDS positive cases were found respectively before and after project implementing,with no secondary transmission.[Conclusion]Multi-sector participation in HIV/AIDS screening among immigrant women is obviously effective in finding HIV/AIDS epidemic timely and curbing the spread.


A continuous-wave laser has been stabilized to an acetylene transition inside kagome photonic crystal fiber. Stability as measured with a carbon nanotube fiber laser frequency comb is better than 1×10<sup>−11</sup> at 10 s.


The SMC composite, now being considered in certain structural applications, is anticipated to experience repeated loading during service. Thus, understanding of the fatigue behavior is essential in proper use of the composite material. In this paper, using the SMC composite composed of E-glass chopped strand and unsaturated polyester resin three point bending fatigue tests are carried out to investigate the fatigue crack propagating behavior under various cyclic stresses and fatigue damage of various microcrack forms. The following results are obtained from this study; 1) Most of the total fatigue life of the SMC composite is consumed at the initial extension or the growth of the macroscopic crack. 2) A Paris' type power-law relationship between the crack propagation rate and stress intensity factor range is obtained, and the value of material constant m is much higher (m=9~11)than that of other metals. 3) In case of high cyclic stress the fatigue damage show high microcrack density and short crack length, but in case of low cyclic stress does it vice versa. 4) Fatigue damage is characterized by microcrack density, crack length and distribution of crack orientation.


In the title compound, C12H8Cl2N2O4S, the N—C bond in the C—SO2—NH—C segment has gauche torsions with respect to the S=O bonds. Further, the N—H bond is syn to the ortho-nitro group in the sulfonyl benzene ring and also syn to both the ortho- and meta-Cl atoms in the aniline ring. The molecule is twisted at the S—N bond with a torsion angle of 61.15 (18)°. The dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene rings is 68.00 (6)°. The amide H atom exhibits an intramolecular bifurcated N—H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond. In the crystal, pairs of N—H⋯O(S) hydrogen bonds link the molecules into inversion dimers with R 2 2(8) motifs.


In a culture saturated with concerns regarding the comfort and extension of life, many healthcare providers and researchers focus their attention on methods of drug use to affect positive outcomes in the management of pain. However, there is a gap in the literature that is experiencing a resurgence regarding the importance of interpersonal communication and factors external to medicines that play significant roles in affecting patient post-experience surveys regarding pain management, therefore affecting hospital HCAHPS scores and bottom lines. As the second phase of a multi-level analysis, this study utilizes a HCAHPS mixed-methods approach within the hospital setting to assess the importance of interpersonal communication in generating positive patient perceptions regarding healthcare providers' management of pain. Results of this 12 month mixed-methods study indicate that patient environment, influence of external providers, the discharge process, and language barriers as contributing factors in patient perceptions of pain management, even greater than the administration of pain medication.


As the Vietnam War concluded with the failure of US foreign policy, the so-called "Cold War consensus" collapsed in American politics and society. A significant number of lawmakers came to revisit their national security positions, and under these circumstances the Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) bills came up in the 91st Congress (1969–70). The costly missile program quickly stirred a major controversy, particularly over a trade-off between guns (defense budget) and butter (welfare spending). This article examines how and why party rank-and-file members in US Congress stayed the course or shifted their positions during the ABM debates. The empirical findings suggest that representatives did not immediately abandon their national security preferences, but rather employed gradual position shifts in legislative processes. In addition, institutional conditions such as "in-party" and "party-out-of-power" hindered or helped legislators' position reversals. This case study of the "guns-or-butter" debates in 1969 and 1970 sheds light on how the representative system in America works in response to public discomfort, with lawmakers trying to fine-tune their individual policy positions and collective party reputations simultaneously.


N-Alkylation of (E)-2-[2-(4-pyridyl)vinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (10), obtained by two different approaches, affords the title salts 4-6, deprotonation of which results in the new (E)-1-alkyl-4-[2-(benzimidazolyl-2-idene)ethylidene]-1, 4-dihydropyridines (7 and 8) with a betaine character. Their biological properties have also been examined.


Linac-ring type colliders will open new windows for both energy frontier and particle factories. Concerning the first direction, these machines seem to be a sole way to TeV scale in lepton-hadron collisison at constituent level. An essential advantage of the linac-ring type lepton-hadron colliders is the possibility of the construction of γp, γA and FELγ-A colliders based on them. Today, eRHIC, THERA (TESLA on HERA) and Linac*LHC can be considered as realistic candidates for future lepton-hadron and photon hadron colliders. When it comes to factories, one can reach essentially higher luminosities comparing to standard ring-ring type machines. For example, L=10 34


While the use of intrusion detection system (IDS), which monitors passively specific computing resources, and reports anomalous or intrusive activities, is becoming ubiquitous in today's network, evaluating IDS performance has been found to be challenging. Most IDS testing approaches are faced with selections with regard to their use of background traffic, which plays an important role in IDS testing. This paper presents the design and implementation of NBTRL, a software platform for network background traffic replay based on log files applied to IDS testing. NBTRL consists of information extraction module, packet preprocessing module and replay module. This software platform can extract traffic information from log files, control the speed of background traffic replay, process truncated packets, modify MAC address or IP address of packets, and provide a flexible and reusable experimental environment for IDS testing.


Cognitive load theory is an primary theory to study cognitive process and the framework for teaching design,the progress of information technology and the continuous development of big data contribute to spring up of flipped class.Based on cognitive load theory,it is possible to flip college English class through the design of micro-class.


A compound of Formula (I): or a metabolite thereof, or an ester of the compound of Formula (I) or the metabolite thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of each thereof, wherein m, n, X1 and X2 are as defined herein, is useful for reducing blood levels of one or more of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in human subjects.


Disclosed is a molding die for synthetic resin molded articles, which can improve the production efficiency of synthetic resin molded articles using an in-mold molding process.  A method for producing synthetic resin molded articles is also disclosed.
A die for molding an synthetic resin molded article integrated with a synthetic resin sheet is composed of a first die and a second die.  The first die and the second die respectively have a first region and a second region.  The first region is provided with a drawing die for molding the synthetic resin sheet, and the second region is provided with a molding die for injection molding a molten synthetic resin after arranging the molded synthetic resin sheet therein.


Fascin,an actin cross-linking protein found in membrane ruffles,microspikes,and stress fibers,induces membrane protrusions and increase cell motility in various transformed cells.The expression of fascin in epithelial neoplasms has only been described recently,and fascin overexpression may play an important role in the progress of neoplasms.This article reviews the current situation and the up to date progress of study concerning fascin and epithelial neoplasms.


Introduction The Pakistan-Afghanistan relationship in a historical perspective Pakistan-Afghanistan ties, 1947-1977 The Zia regime and Afghanistan, 1978-1988 The concluding years of the Cold War and the Afghan conflict Pakistan and the 'Islamic State of Afghanistan', 1992-1995 Pakistan and the Taliban, 1996-2001 Conclusion Appendix A Appendix B Glossary Bibliography Index.


This paper discusses the construction of practice teaching system of rehabilitation therapy in vocational colleges from the four aspects of target system,content system,management evaluation system and security system.Closely taking employment-oriented,cultivation of practice operation ability as a key and fostering vocational ability as the main clue,the system has been constructed to promote the reform of practice teaching,improve quality of practice teaching and cultivate high-quality professionals of rehabilitation therapy.


The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, it introduces the distinction between methods and methodology. Second, it briefly describes the three methodologies prevailing within the social sciences: the variance-oriented, the process-oriented and the meaning-oriented methodology. These are illustrated with a recurring example. Methods are tools. They may be qualitative or quantitative. Methodologies are interpretive frameworks, best understood as languages. As you cannot expect to be understood in another language if you translate word by word, you cannot transfer the underlying logic from one methodology to another. Notably, this does not imply that translations are impossible, but that it is extremely difficult to translate without recognizing linguistic or – as in this case – methodological differences.


In layers deeper than the Ordovician system of Shengli oilfield, severe lost circulation often occur during drilling operation due to existence of mature cavern fissure system and lower formation pressure factor (0. 56-0. 88). In well ZG10-G1, a polymer sulfonated collapse prevention drilling fluid was used in 311. 1 mm hole. In 215. 9 mm hole, polyol and positive colloid drilling fluid aerated with Nitrogen (density is 1. 03 g/cm3) was used, associated with MTC plugging technology. Application in field demonstrates that using MTC technology, the fluid has excellent thixotropic property, wide range of thickening time for adjustment, and the stone possesses high pressure strength. Operation of MTC onsite is simple, completely suitable for plugging carven fissure layers at low pressure in deep well. By employing Nitrogen aeration in drilling fluid technology, the problem of lost circulation was effectively avoided, and equivalent circulation density of fluid was reduced and drilling rate also increased. The polyol and positive colloid drilling fluid system exhibits prominent lubricity at high temperature (180 ℃), meeting requirements of Nitrogen aeration in drilling fluid in ultra-deep well.


It was just eight days ago that Sara Lee Gibb tracked me down at the Midwestern university school of dance where I was working as a guest artist to ask if I would speak at this banquet.* I was astonished, honestly, to be asked to replace U. S. Senator Robert Bennett, who had been scheduled to give this address, but also thrilled that Sara Lee would place such faith and trust in me. I said "Yes." But then – as I walked toward the studio where I was about to teach a modern dance technique class – I panicked at the realization that I had no idea what I would talk about and virtually no time in an over-scheduled week to write something of significance. You see, I had procrastinated the preparations for a solo concert I shall perform on this coming Tuesday, my 60th birthday, at Kenyon College in Ohio. I had intended, therefore, to spend every spare moment increasing my physical training and rehearsing the seven works which comprise that program. I continued down the hall, entered the studio and began the always exciting and challenging process of bringing myself and my work to a group of young dance majors, in a meaningful way, in just one 90minute session. As I scanned their eager faces and taut bodies I sensed and felt that I was among a group of students who wanted to "be right" – or perhaps more accurately – wanted to "look right." This was a group of students carefully selected through audition for potential success as professional dancers. They had competed to get there and knew that there was much competition in their futures. Their regular instructor was observing, as was the director of the school of dance and other dance faculty, adding to their anxiety about looking good. I decided, therefore, to spend a large portion of the class guiding these dancers into their bodies and away from external concerns. I believe that the experience of learning new movement phrases and combinations can only truly be meaningful if approached with the whole of oneself – the inner as well as the outer. I encountered in some of these students the fear of being who they really are, honestly engaging in the process I was inviting them to experience – the fear that who they really are and how they really learn may not be good enough. As I reflected on that experience later in the day, while also trying to compose this address, I thought back to my early Utah roots. While still pondering the fear of not being good enough, I flashed on a memory in my own life which had not been in my consciousness for more than 50 years. It was September, 1946, in the Lehi Elementary School, just 30 miles south of Salt Lake City. It was the afternoon section of Mrs. Rigby's first grade. The day's The Multi-Colored Sky A Call for Recognition and Validation of Differences Through Movement


On September 18, 1890, an enthusiastic and portly man on a train from Chicago to New Haven scribbled in a notebook. The man was William Rainey Harper, and the contents of his notebook would become the plans for The University of Chicago. Upon arriving in New Haven, he wrote a letter to John D. Rockefeller, who would finance Harper's vision for a university. Harper wrote, On my way from Chicago the whole thing outlined itself in my mind and I have a plan which is at the same time unique and comprehensive, which I am persuaded will revolutionize study in this country…. It is very simple but thoroughgoing.


We compute the nominal magnetic penetration depth of $R$NiO$_2$ ($R =$ La, Nd) from first principles calculations and discuss the results in relation to the superconducting $T_c$. We find a marked discrepancy with the well established phenomenology that correlates these two quantities in cuprates (Uemura plot). We also consider the 2D ultrathin limit and estimate the maximum attainable $T_c$ to be $\sim 180$ K according to the Nelson-Kosterliz universal relation between the superfluid density and the transition temperature.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor device including a vertical channel transistor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to prevent a channel region from being floated by connecting channel regions of active pillars to a string body connection unit. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of active pillars(AP) include a top dopant region, a bottom dopant region, and a channel region(C). The channel region is arranged between the top dopant region and the bottom dopant region. A contact gate electrode(CG) is contacted with a word line extended in a first direction and is extended near the channel region. A bit line is extended in a second direction across the first direction and is contacted with the bottom dopant region. A string body connection unit(SB) connects the channel regions of adjacent active pillars.


A novel proof test has been developed for the silicon nitride balls used in hybrid bearings. The ball is compressed diametrally between two hemispherical conforming dies, which causes the ball's equator to bulge, thereby generating a tensile hoop stress that propagates naturally occurring flaws. The flaw propagation is detected by an acoustic emission transducer. In practice, the ball is repeatedly loaded to the desired proof stress, unloaded, rotated by a small angle, and reloaded until the entire ball has successively passed through the equator. The finite-element technique is used to calculate the principal stresses in the ball under the applied load. For simplicity, the preexisting flaw is modeled as a half-penny crack. The principal stresses are combined with the crack's stress intensity factor to calculate the proof test's threshold for flaw detection based on two accepted theories of mixed-mode fracture. The tested balls had preexisting naturally occurring flaws in the range of 100–300 μm. It is also shown that an angular rotation as large as 30° worked well in practice.


A circular-shell deep-drawing test and an FEM simulation utilizing LS-DYNA with Barlat-Lian anisotropic yield locus (1989) were conducted in order to investigate the occurrence of earring for low-carbon aluminum-killed steel sheet and pure titanium sheet. The simulation method was developed that can accurately estimate the earring pattern of whole 360°circular wall height, where R -value is supposed to be measured within the range of uniform elongation, in particular for the case of pure titanium. The well known opinion that the earring value is proportional to ave ΔR/R does not always hold for the whole sheet materials. Despite the fact that the value of ave ΔR/R of pure titanium is nearly zero, it exhibits large earring. This is considered to stem from the characteristic planer anisotropy of R-value of pure titanium, namely largeΔTLave ( ave /R R R ) ( 00 90− ) together with very small ΔR . Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the earring in 45°direction was observed experimentally and was reproduced by simulation, despite the fact that pure titanium shows the straight planer anisotropy with the maximum in 90°direction. The optimum m-values in yield locus for pure titanium and low-carbon aluminum-killed steel, which led to the fairly good reproduction of experimental results, is 8 and 2, respectively. This difference in optimum m-value between the two metals is presumably related to the difference in the number of slip system; namely the number of active slip system is very limited for pure titanium.


Companies are becoming increasingly interested in exploiting systems which support collaborative work, especially amongst knowledge workers who may be operating in geographically disparate locations, thus becoming part of a virtual team. The two case studies used in this paper consider the benefits of a collaborative information system (groupware combined with Web technology) to manage information that could lead to a competitive advantage. They are Intratech IS Bid and Southcom Competitive Intelligence. Both studies dealt with similar situations, they were centred around the collection and dissemination of information which would allow decisions to be taken that would affect the company's profitability. The results of these case studies serve to illustrate the approaches that must be taken to ensure the successful implementation of a collaborative information system.


A semi-analytical model for percolation problems, called the Dynamical Network Model, is developed. Because of its semi-analytic nature, the model is more efficient than the existing numerical techniques especially for three dimensional problems and, thus, can be used to a wide range of percolation-like problems in performance assessment of radioactive waste disposal.


Objective
To explore facial emotion cognition character and the correlation to frontal lobe white matter fiber tracts in first-episode of schizophrenia patients in comparison with healthy control.

Method
The diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained from 56 patients with untreated first-episode schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls subjects. Fiber tracking was performed in the whole cerebral cortex of brain. The parameter of impairment white matter fiber tracts were obtained,such as fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity. Computer-based facial emotion cognition test was used to evaluate difference of facial emotion identification. The correlation between ability of identifying ambiguous emotion and the parameter of impairment white matter fiber tracts, and the correlation between ability of identifying ambiguous emotion and PANSS scale were explored by linear correlation analysis.

Result
(1) Between patients and healthy control, there was no significant difference in the proportion of recognition as happy emotion to mixture of 50% happy emotion plus 50% angry emotion. In patients group, the number of regarding 100% happy emotion plus 0 angry emotion (9.96±2.42) and regarding 75% happy emotion plus 25% angry emotion (9.91±2.33) both as happy emotion were significantly lower than the healthy control (11.40±1.48, 11.30±1.44; t=-3.332, -3.325; all P<0.01).The number of regarding 25% happy emotion and 75% angry emotion as happy emotion(2.24±2.57), and the number of regarding 0 happy emotion and 100% angry emotion as happy emotion(1.78±2.66) were higher than healthy control(0.83±2.21, 0.70±2.02; t=2.537, 2.056; P<0.05 or P<0.01). The total response time for all images on screen was significantly longer than healthy control(t=6.441, P<0.01).(2)There are five relative serious fiber tracts impaired. Patients with schizophrenia were demonstrated lower activation in right dorsolateral frontal gyru, right inferior frontal operculum,right medial frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, left olfactory cortex (t=-2.993 0-2.830 0, P<0.01 or P<0.05), in comparison with healthy controls, except FA value of right inferior frontal operculum and AD value of left precentral gyrus were found higher in patients group. (3) There was no correlation between identifying facial emotion and PANSS. (4)The correlation between identifying ambiguous emotion and the parameter of impairment or white matter fiber tracts was explored by linear correlation analysis, which found FA value of left precentral gyrus positively correlated to the number of identifying happy emotion from 25% happy emotion plus 75% angry emotion (r=0.362, P=0.007), and from 0 happy emotion plus 100% angry emotion (r=0.476, P=0.000).

Conclusion
This study suggests that schizophrenia patients could not identify facial emotion accurately and their white matter fiber tracts in the frontal lobe are damaged significantly. The impairment of facial emotion recognition is correlated with the abnormality of white matter fiber tracts.

Key words:
Schizophrenia; Cognition; Frontal lobe; White matter fiber tracts


Aim: To provide estimates of the first‐year length of stay and inpatient costs of Swedish infants admitted for neonatal care by week of gestation and by birthweight; and to provide estimates of the length of stay and inpatient costs of delivering mothers during the ante‐ and postpartum period by week of gestation and birthweight of the infant. Methods: Population‐based registry study covering all live singleton deliveries in Sweden between 1998 and 2001 (n=336 136). First‐year hospitalizations of infants admitted for neonatal care 0–6 d after birth (n=24 583) were tracked, as were hospitalizations of mothers for whom the date of admission lay±1 mo from the date of delivery. Monetary values were assigned to each hospitalization using the Nord‐DRG classification system. Results: On average, preterm infants (GA<37 wk) had first‐year lengths of stay roughly four times as long as full‐term infants admitted for neonatal care (30 d vs 8 d, p<0.0001). The average first‐year length of stay of the extremely immature infants (GA 22–25 wk) was more than six times as long that of infants born at 34–36 wk (108 d vs 17 d, p<0.0001). Mothers delivering preterm had an average length of stay slightly more than twice as long (p<0.0001) as that of mothers of full‐term infants during the ante‐ and postpartum period.


With hierarchical linear modeling, student reports of the avoidance of help seeking were related to student and classroom characteristics. Avoidance of help seeking was related negatively to students' academic efficacy. However, avoidance of help seeking was related less strongly to students' academic efficacy in classrooms in which teachers believed they should attend to their students' social and emotional needs. Average levels of avoidance of help seeking were related to students' perceptions of the classroom goal structure: A perceived emphasis on self-improvement was related to lower levels of help avoidance, whereas a perceived emphasis on relative ability was associated with higher levels. Teacher reports of their approaches to instruction (emphasizing self-improvement or emphasizing relative ability) were unrelated to students' avoidance of help seeking.


This paper presents a novel method of FIB (FIB: focused ion beam) sample preparation to accurately evaluate critical dimensions and profiles of ArF photo resist patterns without the use of a protective coating on the photo resist. In order to accomplish this, the FIB micro-sampling method that is one of effective FIB milling and fabrication method was employed. First a Si cap is picked up from a silicon wafer and fixed to ArF photo resist patterns to protect against ion beam irradiation. Then, a micro-sample, a piece of Si-capped ArF photo resist, was extracted from the bulk ArF photo resist. In this procedure, this silicon cap always protects ArF photo resist patterns against ion beam irradiation. For the next step, the micro-sample is fixed to a needle stub of the FIB-STEM (STEM: scanning transmission electron microscopy) compatible rotation holder. This sample on the needle stub was rotated 180 degrees and milled from the side of Si substrate. Lastly, the sample is milled to the thickness of 2μm. In this process, the ion beam is irradiating from the silicon substrate side to minimize the ion beam irradiation damages on the ArF photo resist patterns. EDX (EDX: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis proved that no gallium ions were detected on the surface of the ArF photo resist patterns. The feasibility of high accelerating voltage observation of STEM to observe line edge roughness of a thick sample like 2μm without shrinkage has been demonstrated.


Heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) are involved in 4.5% of police-reported road crashes in Europe and 14.2% of fatal road crashes. Active and passive safety systems can help to prevent crashes or mitigate the consequences but need detailed scenarios to be designed effectively. The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of HGV crashes in Europe. The analysis is based on general statistics from CARE, results about trucks weighing 16 tons or more from national crash databases and a detailed study of in-depth crash data from GIDAS. Three scenarios are identified that should be addressed by future safety systems: (1) rear-end crashes with other vehicles in which the truck is the striking partner, (2) conflicts during right turn maneuvers of the truck and a cyclist and (3) pedestrians crossing the road perpendicular to the direction of travel of the truck.


An 8:1 multiplexer with a power output stage (PMUX) in SiGe BiCMOS technology for directly driving a plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with a 2 Vpp differential voltage swing at a data rate of 100Gbit/s is presented. The PMUX is intended to be monolithically integrated with an ultrashort MZM on a single chip in a novel silicon photonic process. Through this integration, the bandwidth and output voltage swing could be improved compared to an external MZM load that requires far end termination. Furthermore, the direct driving by the PMUX eliminates the traditional driver amplifier, whereby power can be saved and the signal quality can be improved. Electrical measurements of the MUX show clear eye openings at 100Gbit/s up to a 2.0 Vpp differential output voltage swing at an external 50 Ω oscilloscope load. The inherent high-speed capability of the PMUX is demonstrated at the speed limit of the available measurement equipment at 140Gbit/s, where the PMUX still achieves 1.2 Vpp differential voltage swing, which is a record for SiGe bipolar technology.


Inflation greatly affects the regional economy. It can be enlarge positively and negatively. When considering a high area it has negative influence, which is considered to have an influence. If in a low area, it must be something positive that can be encourage improvement for the better. This study aims to analyze the majority of changes in food prices to conversion in Medan. The data used in this study are time series data from January 2014 to August 2019, the data used are secondary data consisting of the development of monthly food  prices and data analysis method used is VAR or VECM analysis. The result showed, in the short term inculding several variables that influence the price of rice one month earlier, the price of rice two months before, the price of red chili one month before, the price of red chili two months before, the price of cayenne pepper one month before, the price of cayenne pepper two month before, The price of onion two month before, the price of garlic two months before, one better variable length is a red chili.


Aims To explore complementary feeding practices (CFP), concerns and drivers in Bangladeshi communities to inform the adaptation of a female volunteer-led participatory learning and action cycle based intervention to optimise infant (6–24 month) nutrition and prevent long term conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Methods The NEON (Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition) study utilised collaborative participatory approaches, working with trained community researchers. A snowballing technique was used to achieve a purposive sample of Bangladeshi mothers, fathers and pregnant women living in the UK>3 or<3 years and grandparents, community members, key informants and health professionals with experience or professional interests in CFP in the UK health context. Qualitative topic guides were informed by the literature and guided by a socio-ecological framework. Semi-structured interviews (45) and focus group discussions (12) were conducted in homes and community spaces by a trained Bangladeshi community facilitator and the researcher. Data were analysed using Framework methodology in NVivo. Results Families reported diverse methods use to feed infants aged 6–24 months, including: cup, beaker, spoon, syringe and 'modified bottle', and styles of feeding, including: distraction feeding, 'force' feeding, messy eating and responsive feeding. Common practices included mixed breast and bottle-feeding, or switching to bottle to facilitate early weaning. Some preferred formula that is thickened or advertised as for hungry babies and the early introduction of cow's milk. Hand feeding was common as a tradition, for ease and a show of love. Respondents described a range of concerns and worries related to complementary feeding: early weaning, filling the belly, fussy eaters, understanding good growth and development, health in childhood (including obesity and dental caries), health in adulthood (including chronic diseases), overfeeding, safety and unhealthy food preparation. Societal views that 'a chubby baby is a heathy baby' were linked with parental concerns about 'filling the belly' and professional concerns for 'overfeeding'. Conclusion Long-term health can be influenced by optimal infant nutrition. Interventions need to recognise the socio-cultural drivers of CFP practices to develop targeted and acceptable programmes.


This paper concerns the progression of a consistent, reconfigurable gear enacting system that expects to energize setting up and getting of data from nuclear material science investigate. This system replaces a basic enacting structure that included dull plan assignments of Nuclear Instrumentation Module equipment. The new system is a model-facilitated enrolling game plan in light of Scilab, and gives an approach to decipher a visual setup show into code to program a FPGA-based reconfigurable hardware organize. This reconfigurable stage replaces various affiliations and sections of the old system that must be wired-up physically for examinations. A close trial of the old and new structures was done, including examination of safe arranging operation. The new system has different central focuses, particularly: saving time in setting up tests, an office to timeshare exorbitant NIM equipment, and diminishing wear and tear on rigging. In any case, the testing in like manner showed issues with the new system, for instance, longer latencies and jitter diverged from the old structure. Answers for these issues are kept an eye on; however also work is relied upon to upgrade responsiveness and versatility of the new system to make it applicable to a more broad extent of the examinations.


Abstract : This supplement provided funds to purchase two pieces of equipment for research in snow hydrology: a high-precision temperature instrument suitable for snow and two Denoth snow-wetness meters.


The paper presents visualization investigations of boiling heat transfer over enhanced structures. The experiments were carried out for two kinds of enhanced surfaces: an array of 0.5 mm high micro-fins without covering (plain micro-fins designated as MF) and the surfaces made by sintering micro-fin tops with the copper perforated foil (MF+F). Pool boiling data at atmospheric pressure were obtained for saturated water, ethanol, FC-72 and Novec-649. Visualization studies aimed at identifying nucleation sites and determining the diameter and frequency of departing bubbles. Different pool boiling mechanisms were observed for the plain micro-fins and micro-fins covered with the porous structure.


The teaching present situation and existence problems of course of soil mechanics and foundation engineering in civil engineering,which are deeply analyzed in this paper. Based on the cultivation mode of innovation talents,some people think of teaching reform is to put forward by combining with my experience in teaching. The teaching reform includes classroom theory teaching,teaching of foundation engineering design and teaching of geotechnical experiment. The goal of this paper is to( 1) improve the teaching effect and quality of the course,( 2) strengthen the cultivation of students' autonomous learning and practical ability,and( 3) strengthen the cultivation of innovation entrepreneurship.


7 The first and second Great Migrations were two of the largest demographic 8 events in American history, and they fundamentally changed the social, cultural, 9 and economic makeup of the Northeast, Midwest, and West. However, existing 10 data limitations and threats to inference have made identifying their impact on the 11 political system challenging. Using a novel dataset, identification strategy, and his12 torical passenger railroad routes as an instrumental variable, this project identifies 13 the causal impact that the Great Migrations had on the ideological and policy pref14 erences of Congress members in the Midwest and Northeast. Results show that this 15 demographic event affected the preferences of elected officials in some, but not all, 16 areas that received Black migrants, that Black migration was associated with a shift 17 to more liberal ideological and policy stances, and that Congressional districts with 18 major North-South rail lines received the largest number of Black migrants. This 19 paper not only contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of constituent 20 Congress member relations, but also to the way large demographic events affect the 21 political system. 22 ∗Ph.D. Student, Department of Political Science, University of California, Santa Barbara.


Recent studies of ground-to-space beam propagation have revealed significant departures from Rytov theory when the beam diameter w0 is on the order of the atmospheric coherence width r0. It has been shown that such departures from Rytov theory are primarily a consequence of beam wander and other low-order aberrations. In this paper we discuss modeling of the probability density function (PDF) for uplink beams. In particular, we show how the PDF transitions from lognormal statistics when w0/r0 << 1 to the negative exponential distribution when w0/r0 >> 1. The most interesting regime is the transition region near w0/r0 = 1, where the statistical behavior of tracked and untracked beams differs significantly.


As individuals, we have the right to be discerning and choose where we send our money and how we spend it. But this is not always so with our tax dollars. Obscene amounts of our money each year go toward funding Planned Parenthood - the organization that profits on the deaths of babies. But we do have a voice and we can use it. Today's commentary addresses this and encourages us to be vocal when it comes to telling our representatives how to spend our hard-earned money.


After the mid of 1990's, as Internet application has quickly expanded into the whole world thanks to the advancement of information communication, the e-commerce has been growing quickly under the new market form called cyber market. The growth of e-commerce not only converts conventional distribution structure from off-line to on-line, but changes the logistics system itself. The e-commerce is not able to grew independently, however, can be grown by only connecting with logistics system in the actual transactions. For this reason, consequently the door-to-door delivery service (DDDS) is growing quickly with the rapid growth of the e-commerce. From this viewpoint, considering the environmental changes of the DDDS caused by the e-commerce within the urban area, it is interesting to examine what kind of growth factors for promoting the e-commerce effect the DDDS and play important role. The purpose of this study is to examine correlations between the e-commerce and the DDDS using serial data and to analyze the growth factors of the latter caused by the former. In this study, the growth factors are divided into 2 groups; inner factors and outer factors, and the outer factors are again divided into 2 groups; transportation factors and socio-economic factors. The e-commerce is regarded as one of the socio-economic factors. And this study analyzes the causality of the e-commerce on the DDDS market using the Granger-Sims causality test. The results of this study show that the Korea e-commerce has rapidly grown thanks to the growth of EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) enterprises, Internet shopping mall, internet users, and legal system establised for the e-commerce. At the same time, it also shows that this e-commerce has greatly influenced on the growth of the DDDS. Especially, it is analyzed that the government-leading information-oriented strategies have promoted the-commerce, subsequently the e-commerce has effected on the DDDS.


This paper describes the evolution of an early childhood education program from one that was teacher directed, traditionally structured, and academically oriented to one that was emergent and child centered. The paper discusses how philosophical consensus was established, needed changes were prioritized and implemented, and new ways of thinking were presented to the traditionally trained faculty and to some change-resistant parents. (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Spring 2001 Volume 3 Number 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as ceived from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


The performance of 1600 electronic circuit variables was monitored throughout an 8000-hour exposure to +160{degrees}F. The variables involve 36 electronic assemblies, cleaned with various solvents, including d-Limonene, as a replacement for trichloroethylene (TCE). The assemblies were divided into four groups, including a TCE-cleaned control group at room temperature. Of the three groups exposed at +160{degrees}F, one was cleaned in TCE, one was cleaned in d-Limonene, and one was kept in a saturated d-Limonene atmosphere. No performance degradation was observed with any of the groups, including the worst-case exposure in a saturated d-Limonene atmosphere.


This article reports on a study undertaken to explore different ways to illuminate crosswalks in order to result in improved pedestrian visibility and, potentially, safety. Based on an analysis of visual performance, glare, and economic impacts, a promising candidate system was identified for a short-term field demonstration. The field demonstration provided the opportunity to obtain feedback from several individuals working in the areas of transportation, transit operations, and public safety. The authors conclude that the bollard-based lighting solution evaluated and demonstrated in this study proved to be a feasible solution toward improving pedestrian visibility and for reducing operating and electricity costs. The authors make recommendations for optimizing luminaire light distributions, in order to provide higher uniformity of vertical illuminance along the crosswalk. In addition, glare control could be improved through use of louvers or baffles to limit light directed toward oncoming drivers, while maintaining light toward the crosswalk itself. A final section considers the use of a signal function to help draw attention to pedestrians waiting to use the crosswalk; this function can be easily incorporated into the bollard-based system.


4026 Background: More than one third of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) have peritoneal metastasis, and their prognosis is poor. This study was conducted to determine the recommended dose (RD) of intraperitoneal docetaxel (ID) in combination with systemic capecitabine and cisplatin (XP), and to evaluate its efficacy and safety at the RD in AGC patients with peritoneal metastasis. Methods: AGC patients with peritoneal metastasis received XP ID, which consists of 937.5 mg/m2 of capecitabine twice daily on days 1-14, 60 mg/m2 of intravenous cisplatin on day 1, and ID at 3 different dose levels (60, 80, or 100 mg/m2) on day 1, every 3 weeks. In the phase I study, the standard 3+3 method was used to determine the RD of XP ID. For the phase II study, patients received RD of XP ID until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. A maximum of 8 cycles of ID was provided. Results: In the phase I study, 3 patients experienced no dose limiting toxicity (DLT) at each of 60 or 80 mg...


A compact extended ultrawideband four element MIMO antenna for indoor and outdoor wireless communication application is proposed. The antenna consists of four half hexagonal shaped monopole antenna elements. To provide polarization diversity and worthy isolation, all the antenna element are positioned orthogonally to one another. In order to verify the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. The matching bandwidth, isolation, radiation profile, and peak gain of antennas all have been analyzed. Additionally, the analysis of MIMO performance in terms of diversity gain from S-parameter and envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) has been done. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 140.42% (2.8 GHz to 16 GHz) where measured isolation is more than 15 dB, and ECC is less than 0.05.


Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm (IMM) has been demonstrated to be the most cost-effective algorithm in hybrid estimation. But its performance degrades when the target real model has changed. The transient process of IMM is proposed to account for the performance degradation. Simulation results of the transient process are analyzed in this paper.


The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) is presently in the middle of an upgrade to increase the energy of its CW electron beam from 6 GeV to 12 GeV along with the addition of a fourth experimental hall. Driven both by necessity and availability, novel detectors and electronics modules have been used in the upgrade. One such sensor is the Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM), specifically a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC), which is an array of avalanche photodiode pixels operating in Geiger mode that are used to sense photons. The SiPMs replace conventional photomultiplier tubes and have several distinct advantages including the safe operation in a magnetic field and the lack of need for high voltage. Another key to 12 GeV success is advanced fast electronics. Jlab will use custom 250 MHz and 125 MHz 12-bit analog to digital converters (ADCs) and time to digital converters (TDCs) all of which take advantage of VME Switched Serial (VXS) bus with its GB/s high bandwidth readout capability. These new technologies will be used to readout drift chambers, calorimeters, spectrometers and other particle detectors at Jlab once the 12 GeV upgrade is complete. The largest experiment at Jlab utilizing these components is GlueX -more » an experiment in the newly constructed Hall D that will study the photoproduction of light mesons in the search for hybrid mesons. The performance of these components and their respective detectors will be presented.« less


Teaching materials in the form of general physics modules integrated with quran verses developed by lecturers can improve students' religious character. Type of research is development research with Four-D Model consisting of four main stages, namely: defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The instruments used to collect data were expert validation sheets, module implementation observation sheets, student response questionnaires, and student character assessments. The results of this study showed that the developed module met the very valid criteria with a validity of 94. The average activity implementation was 1.57, which means that all activities were carried out properly. Response of student about the module is known that the average practicality of the module is 91, which means the module is very practical. student character has an average core of 79 in the good category. Thus, the general physics module has been developed were valid and practical. Keywords: Module; Quran Verse; Religius Character


The invention discloses a PVC wood plastic composite material with high cold resistance. The PVC wood plastic composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of PVC SG-7, 3-5 parts of barium stearate, 30-40 parts of sawdust powder, 3-5 parts of talcum powder, 2-4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3-5 parts of a barium-zinc composite stabilizer, 1-2 parts of trimethylolethane, 3-5 parts of dioctyl adipate, 2-4 parts of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexoate, 1-2 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 6-8 parts of coconut oil, 3-5 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of an AC foaming agent, 2-4 parts of a foaming regulator and 3-5 parts of composite auxiliaries. The PVC wood plastic composite material has good cold resistance and freezing resistance, and good mechanical performance, ageing resistance and durability, and is suitable for being used under a cold environment.


It is common for babies to cry, to varying degrees. Some parents will be better able to cope with infant crying than others. A 'normal crying curve' has been observed, in which infant crying increases after birth until around week eight, when it stabilizes and then decreases over the following weeks (Barr, 1990). There may be no discernible reason for this type of crying, and health visitors should reassure parents that it is normal and support them to cope with it. However, there are potential causes of crying to consider, such as gastrointestinal problems, allergy or other illness. There is a link between excessive crying and postnatal depression; although it is unclear which is the cause and which the effect, it is worth noting that health visitors may wish to screen for postnatal depression in cases of extreme crying. It is also important that health visitors remember that crying can be a risk factor, as the safety of the baby must always be paramount.


This paper makes an analysis on the new technological resources related to architectural drawing that make use of the hand drawing. It tests and evaluates the use of new tools such as tablets (e.g. Wacom Bamboo), graphic tablets (e.g. iPad), tablet/screen hybrids (e.g. Wacom Cintiq) and electronic pens (e.g. Wacom Inkling) in the making of free drawings oriented for the developing of graphic products related to the projective act in architecture and design. The paper makes a comparative e interpretative analysis through the reading of those products.


The robotic arm has functioned as an arm in the humanoid robot and is generally used to perform grasping tasks. Accordingly, kinematics modeling both forward and inverse kinematics is required to calculate the end-effector position in the cartesian space before performing grasping activities. This research presents the kinematics modeling of six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) robotic arm of the T-FLoW humanoid robot for the grasping mechanism of visual grasping systems on the robot operating system (ROS) platform and CoppeliaSim. Kinematic singularity is a common problem in the inverse kinematics model of robots, but. However, other problems are mechanical limitations and computational time. The work uses the homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) based on the Euler system of the robot for the forward kinematics and demonstrates the capability of an improved damped least squares (I-DLS) method for the inverse kinematics. The I-DLS method was obtained by improving the original DLS method with the joint limits and clamping techniques. The I-DLS performs better than the original DLS during the experiments yet increases the calculation iteration by 10.95%, with a maximum error position between the end-effector and target positions in path planning of 0.1 cm.


The contribution to groundwater amphipod taxonomy and biogeography given by Augusto Vigna Taglianti is illustrated. Starting from his master thesis presented in Rome on the genus Niphargus under the supervision of prof. Sandro Ruffo, his passion for groundwater amphipods led him to publish several papers, describing 3 genera and 19 species new to Science. his hypothesis on the ancient origin of transadriatic distribution of niphargid amphipods were recently confirmed by sophisticated molecular methods and statistical historical biogeography. the paper is a tribute to Vigna taglianti's memory and emphasizes his deep knowledge of our fauna, demonstrating the importance of his contribution to the development of current research activities on groundwater amphipod diversity.


Chalcones were synthesized by a base catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. Bromination of chalcones afforded the dibromo derivatives. Monobromo derivatives could be obtained by treating the corresponding dibromochalcones with dry benzene in the presence of triethylamine. Pyrazole derivatives were obtained by refluxing of dibromochalcones with phenylhydrazine or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in dry pyridine. Chalcones were treated with hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine in ethanol to afford D-pyrazolines and N-phenyl-D-pyrazolines. Condensation of chalcones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or thiourea in ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution gave 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles and 5,6-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-thiones. The prepared compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against four different bacterial species displaying different degrees of antibacterial activities or inhibitory actions.


We have achieved a sustained calculation speed of 281 Tflops for the optimization of the 3-D structures of proteins from the X-ray experimental data by the Genetic Algorithm - Direct Space (GA-DS) method. In this calculation we used MDGRAPE-3, special-purpose computer for molecular simulations, with the peak performance of 752 Tflops. In the GA-DS method, a set of selected parameters which define the crystal structures of proteins is optimized by the Genetic Algorithm. As a criterion to estimate the model parameters, we used the reliability factor R1 which indicates the statistical difference between the calculated and the measured diffraction data. To evaluate this factor it is necessary to reconstruct the diffraction patterns of the model structures every time the model is updated. Therefore, in this method the nonequispaced Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) used to calculate the diffraction patterns dominates most of the computation time. To accelerate DFT calculations, we used the special-purpose computer, MDGRAPE-3. A molecule, Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthetase was investigated. The final reliability factors were much smaller than the typical values obtained in other methods such as the Molecular Replacement (MR) method. Our results successfully demonstrate that high-performance computing with GA-DS method on special-purpose computers is effective for the structure determination of biological molecules and the method has a potential to be widely used in near future.


The great 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (Mw 9.0) occurred off the Pacific coast of Northeast Japan, where the Pacific plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk plate. The S-net (the Seafloor observation network for earthquakes and tsunamis along the Japan Trench), initiated in 2016, is a large-scale, permanent, ocean-floor seismograph network with cabled 150 stations, which covers a wide oceanic region off Northeast Japan (Kanazawa, 2013). In this study, we aim to reveal the 3-D seismic velocity structure beneath the forearc region covered by the S-net. We carefully picked 3754 first P-wave arrival times of 63 local earthquakes (M3.5–6.2) in the Tohoku forearc region from the continuous S-net records. Then, the newly picked data are integrated with the existing arrival-time data (Zhao et al., 2012) of 360 teleseismic and 1,180 local earthquakes recorded at 3,205 Hi-net stations on the Japanese land areas. These combined data are inverted to obtain a new 3-D P-wave velocity (Vp) model beneath the entire Northeast Japan arc by using the seismic tomography method of Zhao et al. (2012). In this work we focus on the obtained 3-D images at depths < 40 km below the region covered by the S-net. The major results are summarized as follows.


Cobalt films have been grown on yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (YSZ) (100) and (110) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Both hcp(0001) and fcc(111) twin structures and fcc(110) films have been successfully fabricated on the YSZ(100) and (110), respectively. For the Co on YSZ(100) case, the Co films possess either hcp(0001) or fcc(111) crystals with in-plane 30° rotation. For the Co on YSZ(110) case, the structural relationship is YSZ(110)[100] ‖ Co(110)[1–10]. All the films display an isotropiclike magnetic anisotropy with the coercivity increasing abruptly above its martensitic transition temperature. The coercivity decreases with increasing the thickness of Co films from 100 A to 500 A; and increases as the deposited temperature above 500 °C. Co films grown on YSZ(100) are in favor of the layer by layer growth, and Co films grown on YSZ(110) are in favor of the island growth.


Side-scan sonar is very important in marine survey such as seafloor exploration, topography, underwater pipeline investigation and so on. SSS-echograms classification and mosaicking are essential during those tasks. Initial side-scan sonar images have uneven brightness distribution. Mosaicking proved difficult due to grayscale gradients on sonar echograms. Brightness equalizing is necessary prior to processing of SSS-echograms. This article discusses methods for brightness equalizing of the echogram images from side-scan sonar in order to identify local inhomogeneities of the seafloor. It provides results of comparative experiments using different approaches to solve this problem. The paper also evaluates the possibility of using these methods on board autonomous underwater robots in real time.


Growing internationalization of firms in Asia through participation in global value chains (GVCs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) has focused attention on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Yet there is scant literature on the characteristics of SMEs involved in GVCs and FTAs. Malaysia is reputed for its engagement in GVCs and is actively pursuing FTAs. Drawing on a survey of Malaysian enterprises, this paper examines the characteristics of SMEs in GVCs and FTAs and explores the policy implications. It finds that even among SMEs, firm size matters for participation in GVCs and FTAs. But size is not the whole story for SME internationalization. Licensing of foreign technology and investment in research and development are also positively associated with SMEs joining GVCs. Furthermore, increased exposure to international trade, knowledge of FTA provisions and central location positively affects the use of FTAs by SMEs. More business support for SMEs can help them to engage in GVCs and FTAs.


Considering each vertex as a hinge, a network fold method is proposed in this letter. Through continually folding a network, its complexity can be largely reduced, as a result, its kernel or other structural abnormities then can be revealed. It is found that in many real-world networks, large-scale feasible folds are always unpractical, which means the large-scale symmetry-breaking in these networks. It seems that such large-scale symmetry breaking may be caused by the random growth of these networks, because, different from the initial networks, their revealed kernels present surprisingly large-scale symmetric structures. Such inconsistency may be avoided by providing a new definition of statistical symmetry for networks in the future.


In this study, time-delayed stochastic dynamical systems of linear and nonlinear equations are discussed. The existence and uniqueness of the stochastic semilinear time-delay system in finite dimensional space is investigated. Introducing the delay Gramian matrix, we establish some sufficient and necessary conditions for the relative approximate controllability of time-delayed linear stochastic dynamical systems. In addition, by applying the Banach fixed point theorem, we establish some sufficient relative approximate controllability conditions for semilinear time-delayed stochastic differential systems. Finally, concrete examples are given to illustrate the main results.


Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a highly aggressive form of dedifferentiated renal cell carcinoma. We report a 65-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with respiratory symptoms, obstructive jaundice with deranged liver function tests and raised inflammatory marker. General physical examination showed a swelling in left supraclavicular region. The initial differential diagnosis was pancreatic cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma, gastric cancer and lymphoma. Computer tomography (CT) scan showed a solid right renal lesion, multiple liver metastases, florid chest, lymphadenopathy in left supraclavicular region and a right adrenal mass. Patient had biopsy of left supraclavicular node which diagnosed it as a metastatic high grade sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. We present the findings and a brief review. *Correspondence to: Lava Krishna Kannappa, Department of Surgery, Kettering General Hospital, UK, E-mail: email@example.com Received: November 28, 2018; Accepted: December 17, 2018; Published: December 20, 2018 Case report 65-year-old male presented with a 3-4-week history of increasing dyspnoea, loss of appetite, weight loss and dark urine to the emergency department. His history included a back pain over a period of three months and worsening jaundice over a period of one week prior to the emergency admission. Patient had past diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia and was on tamsulosin 400 micrograms capsules once daily. He underwent a CT (Computer tomography) scan of his abdomen and pelvis, which showed metastasis in liver, right kidney mass, enlarged lymph nodes in the left supraclavicular, anterior mediastinum, anterior trachea, sub carinal and hilar region. Patient's blood tests showed deranged liver function tests with levels of bilirubin-206 Units/Litre (U/L), ALT-278 U/L, ALP-824 U/L and Amylase-26 U/L. The CT findings also showed the intrahepatic ducts were significantly dilated down to the origin of the common hepatic duct. Below this, the common hepatic duct and common bile duct were not dilated. Obstruction was due to enlarged nodes at the porta hepatis obstructing the common hepatic duct. Patient was resuscitated and stabilised with antibiotics, intravenous fluids and booked for ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography). During ERCP, a stent was inserted into the common bile duct to relieve the obstruction. But developed pancreatitis post procedure with an amylase of 1200 U/L. This was treated conservatively, and patient made a good recovery with return of liver function tests to normal levels. While in the hospital, he had biopsy of the left supraclavicular lymph node which confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic high grade sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Patient's case was discussed in the multi-disciplinary team meeting and was referred to a medical oncologist for palliative chemotherapy. Patient was also referred to the local cancer nurse specialist and palliative care team before being discharged home for follow-up in the community. The patient's clinical presentation had aberration in the normal presentation and serves a good learning point about sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC). Investigations CT thorax abdomen and pelvis