The efficacy of a drug, in addition to the actual pharmacological effect, depends on a number of nonspecific factors, commonly termed as the placebo effect. These non specific factors include the physician's attitude, patient's personality, the doctor patient interaction, the appearance of medication, nature of the therapeutic or diagnostic procedure and the environment. The placebo effect may yield beneficial clinical results in 70% of diseases that range in severity from common cold to angina pectoris. The placebo effect may not distinctively differ from a true pharmacological effect of a drug and may even be associated with adverse effects known as the nocebo effect. In medical therapeutics, physicians have relied on nonspecific factors that evoke the placebo effect. Placebos are also used in clinical trials to distinguish the pharmacological from the nonspecific effects. The use of placebos in clinical trials has raised ethical issues, discouraging their use in studies where effective, alternative treatments are available. It is in the patient's benefit that the placebo effect be maximized, in the form of a healthy doctor patient relationship. It Is Imperative for Investigators to understand the extent to which placebo effects can account for Improvements observed In clinical studies. This review describes some aspects of the role of placebos in patient management and drug research.


As a consequence of these reported adverse reactions, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted in 1986 to prohibit the use of sulphites on fruits and vegetables that were to be served raw or presented as fresh to the public. For foods and drinks in which the use of sulphite was permitted, sulphite concentrations 410 p.p.m. had to be declared on the label. Despite the introduction of these regulations, there continued to be sporadic reports of serious adverse effects following unintended ingestion of sulphites. (Vally, Misso et al. 2009)


The reconstruction of BLT (bioluminescence tomography) is an ill-posedness problem. This paper solves it by converting a L1/2-norm problem to a series of weighted L1-homotopy minimization problems. It performs well in location accuracy and double-source resolving.


:  When teachers introduce virtual worlds such as Minecraft to a classroom, they need a detailed understanding of how student behaviour and socialisation is be regulated. Collaboration demands an interplay between self and social regulation; that is, the ways in which individuals plan, monitor, act upon and evaluate their own behaviours and influence others. Social regulation equally has a role in collaborative creative expression, with the individual mediating and justification of their expression within the context of being a member of a broader group. The Grau and Whitebread (2012) model provides a means for coding instances of social regulation within group activities. Whilst it has been used to examine collaborative interactions in science classrooms, this exploratory research seeks to hypothesise its applicability in a virtual environment or simulation. Through the use of the multiplayer sandbox game, 'Minecraft', the researchers have interrogated the boundaries of the model with this exploratory feasibility study to create a framework helping to identify areas of opportunity and tension within the collaboration and creation experience. The findings suggests that coding instances of social regulation can be a useful tool for exploring and understanding the collaboration and behaviour that occurs between players in Minecraft. This research will help educators extend their understanding of student behaviour in virtual environments and simulations so that they can design the best learning experience possible to stimulate critical-thinking and problem-solving.


The ability of verapamil (VER), a calcium blocker, to enhance the antitumor action of adriamycin (ADR) and peplomycin (PEP) was studied in vitro. As compared with ADR treatment only, antiproliferative effects of ADR were enhanced in a human myelogenous leukemia cell line (K-562 cells) and a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HSC-3 cells) by simultaneous treatment with VER and ADR. Simultaneous administration of VER and PEP also enhanced the antiproliferative effects of PEP in HSC-3 cells. Moreover, in comparison with simultaneous treatment with VER and ADR in K-562 cells, the antiproliferative effects of ADR were further enhanced by one hour subsequent treatment with VER. Similar enhancement was shown in HSC-3 cells by two hours subsequent VER treatment. However, when VER was added to HSC-3 cells for more than two hours subsequent to PEP administration, antiproliferative effect were lower than those induced by simultaneous VER and PEP treatment. In comparison, thirty minutes pretreatment with VER decreased the antiproliferative effect of ADR in HSC-3 cells. These results suggest that VER is able to enhance the antiproliferative effects of ADR and PEP in vitro; it appears that the time of VER administration may play an important role in the enhancement of the antiproliferative effects of ADR and PEP.


The cultural symbols of a nation,the ideographic system of its national culture,are endowed with deep and unique symbolic meanings and represents cultural distinctiveness of a nation.Being the premise of national identity,Chinese cultural symbols contain unique values and spirits of our nation.In the wave of globalization,the connotation of a nation's cultural symbols is being dissolved and deformed gradually,and impacted by western cultural symbols.Thus,we should consciously construct national cultural symbols,and strengthen,transmit and conserve them as well.


Here, we report the identification and coding-complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain (NYI.B1-7.01-21) obtained from a patient with symptoms of COVID-19 who had a recent travel history to the United Kingdom. The sample was tested by the Cayuga Health Systems laboratory as part of New York State's travel testing guidance and was sequenced at Cornell University after testing positive. ABSTRACT Here, we report the identification and coding-complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain (NYI.B1-7.01-21) obtained from a patient with symptoms of COVID-19 who had a recent travel history to the United Kingdom. The sample was tested by the Cayuga Health Systems laboratory as part of New York State's travel testing guidance and was sequenced at Cornell University after testing positive.


During 1997, the Information System (IS) Division of the Bahrain Telecommunications Company (Batelco) implemented a millennium compliance program. This experience report presents additional configuration management requirements implemented to manage the millennium project associated with the IBM-MVS applications. Included is a definition of compliance for Year 2000 projects, conversion approaches, additional configuration management requirements, Year 2000 Components Tracking System (Y2KCTS) process overview followed by the lessons learned. At the time of writing this paper there is 1 year 8 months and 24 days left before the new century. The year 2000 project is a significant undertaking and an absolutely no-choice project for Batelco.


Improving accuracy,robustness and understandability is the objective of classification modeling.Regarding instability and performance limitation of existing rule learning techniques,we introduce an ensemble classifier based on randomized neighborhood reduction and neighborhood covering reduction.A set of reducts are obtained with randomized attribute reduction.A collection of rule sets are derived from the reducts based on neighborhood covering reduction.And then the classification result is output by combining the classification decision of different rule sets.The experiment result shows that the proposed technique is better than or equal to other classifiers,and is more stable when deals with noisy data.


The analysis results of mobile-state U, Mo and Se elements in clay exchange-adsorption phase in Dingshan area of Northern Junggar Basin show that there exist obvious U and Mo mobile contents anomalies at the area of ZK0012-ZK0016 boreholes of No. 0 exploration line. It can be inferred that a NW-SE trending concealed sandstone type uranium orebody occurs in the interlayer oxidation zone.


A method of starting a gas discharge lamp comprising the steps of: generating high frequency square wave voltage having an operating frequency; produces a sinusoidal voltage from the high-frequency square wave voltage; control the operating frequency to low frequency; and, during the time of increasing the amplitude of the successive pulse sinusoidal voltage, then at the end of successive time pulses to the amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage amplitude decreases toward the low end, until the lamp has been started, wherein, the length of time for each successive pulse of a length greater than the previous pulse time. In each of a maximum amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage pulses during the first time may be greater than a sinusoidal voltage during the time of the maximum amplitude pulse.


To determine age-specific differences in adaptation of indigenous residents, nonspecific adaptive body reactions (NARs) have been studied among the Evenki men aged 13 to 86, permanently living in the Arctic. The results indicated the presence of age-specific differences in NARs. The decline of nonspecific body resistance in every fourth teenager is correlated with adaptive reactions developing in parallel with underlying low-level body reactivity. Adaptive reactions in men aged 75-90 were characterized by a medium to a high reactivity level, which enabled preservation of body reserves even under extreme climate conditions. Two age groups (22-35 and 61-74) included the highest percentages of people with adverse NARs. Therefore, men in these age groups should be considered as a major risk group for developing both psychosomatic and somatic diseases.


The coupling between a crystal-melt interface and fluid flow is investigated. The solidification boundary conditions at the crystal-melt interface are described. The influences of morphological and double-diffusive instabilities during directional solidification on the interface are studied. The experiments by Glicksman and Mickalonis (1982) and Fang et al. (1985) which examine the relationship between the hydrodynamic state of the phase melt and phase-change interface are analyzed. The Rayleigh-Benard problem, and the effect of crystal-melt interaction on the Rayleigh number are examined. Various applications for melt-flow interactions with solid-liquid interface to engineering and welding are discussed.


External fixation refers to the use of pins and/or thin wires, implanted percutaneously in bone, connected outside the body by clamps, rods, and other metal or composite devices, to stabilize fractures and for complex orthopaedic reconstruction of deformities. These products are manufactured in compliance with industry and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards similar to those applied to the production of other medical devices. However, precision orthopedic external fixator devices are not designed for multiple uses and should be considered strictly single-use devices (SUDs). Some authors suggest that up to 44% cost savings can be attained by careful fixator reuse with no additional complications or reoperations. Others suggest that significant wear and part destruction occur with just a single application. We believe that several important issues should absolutely preclude the reuse of external fixator parts: 1) device response to initial application; 2) device response to initial mechanical break-in period as well as mechanical wear properties and fatigue during extended use; 3) reprocessing control; 4) liability for device failure; 5) fiduciary consideration; and 6) advancement of fixator technology. External fixator parts are not the same as metal retractors, and we believe that fixators should not be reused in developed countries.


The chapter indicates that happiness and well-being are now major concerns of researchers and policy makers; and that research into lived experience, work, leisure, and enjoyment is central to our understanding of happiness and well-being. An overarching concern of the chapter is the interplay between individual and social factors in happiness and well-being. An analysis presented in the chapter shows that the emphasis cannot be primarily on the importance and responsibility of the individual. Rather, to improve the conditions of individual lives and make a better society it is crucial that we also act collectively. The chapter indicates the need for a focus on a positive social-psychology of organizations, and a transdisciplinary approach to the study of life, work, leisure, and enjoyment, which would use a range of qualitative and quantitative methods innovatively. Well-being also needs to be studied as a process, where individuals collaborate in attempting to forge a life worth living.


This article explores the sources of civil strife in Pakistan. It addresses the ongoing theoretical debate on the sources of violent strife, which distinguishes between material and perceptual causes of conflict and places sub-national identities within the context of political and socioeconomic circumstances. The article uses the BFRS Dataset of Political Violence in Pakistan to examine a wide array of deadly incidents from 1988 to 2011. It argues that among the various causes of the continuing conflict, the most prevailing source lies in the role assigned to Islam in Pakistan's political ideology. In searching for an inclusive nationalism to unite micro identities loosely knitted together within the nation, Pakistan's elites have drawn on Islam, which had been utilised as the founding logic of the state. In doing so, they have persistently promoted a message of Islamism that has now become the major source of internal strife.


This paper is to investigate the effect of emulsified waste cooking oil on the engineering properties and autogenous shrinkage reduction of the high strength concrete with W/B of 20% incorporating 20% of fly ash and 10% of silica fume. Four different types of shrinkage reducing type agents were applied including existing shrinkage reducing agent(SR), waste cooking oil(WCO), emulsified waste cooking oil with 2 000 rpm(EWCO-2R) and emulsified waste cooking oil with 4 000 rpm(EWCO-4R). According to results, an use of WCO resulted in a decrease of slump flow remarkably. Meanwhile, emulsifying WCO makes it possible to reduce the slump flow reduction. Emulsifying also brings favorable effect on strength development of the concrete. For the effect of emulsifying on autogenous shrinkage, it is found that EWCO has desirable shrinkage reduction effect than WCO and existing SR.


Stable isotopes have emerged as popular study targets when investigating emission of methane (CH4) from lakes. Yet little is known on how isotopic patterns conform to variations in emission magnitudes—a highly relevant question. Here, we present a large multiyear data set on stable isotopes of CH4 ebullition (bubbling) from three small adjacent subarctic lakes. The δ13C‐CH4 and δD‐CH4 range from −78.4‰ to −53.1‰ and from −369.8‰ to −218.8‰, respectively, and vary greatly among the lakes. The signatures suggest dominant hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, particularly in the deep zones, but there are also signals of seemingly acetoclastic production in some high fluxing shallow areas, possibly fueled by in situ vegetation, but in‐sediment anaerobic CH4 oxidation cannot be ruled out as an alternative cause. The observed patterns, however, are not consistent across the lakes. Neither do they correspond to the spatiotemporal variations in the measured bubble CH4 fluxes. Patterns of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic production plus oxidation demonstrate that gains and losses of sediment CH4 are dominated by sub‐lake scale processes. The δD‐CH4 in the bubbles was significantly different depending on measurement month, likely due to evaporation effects. On a larger scale, our isotopic data, combined with those from other lakes, show a significant difference in bubble δD‐CH4 between postglacial and thermokarst lakes, an important result for emission inventories. Although this characteristic theoretically assists in source partitioning studies, most hypothetical future shifts in δD‐CH4 due to high‐latitude lake area or production pathway are too small to lead to atmospheric changes detectable with current technology.


We used to confine moral obligations to the field of human society,but with a large number of environmental problems emerging,we are forced to reconsider moral obligations.In the current context,moral obligations not only include human's moral obligations for themselves,but also their moral obligations for nature,as well as the relations between the two obligations.


Space is truly one of the "final frontiers" when it comes to next generation wireless communication systems. Large-scale penetration of such such systems into our daily lives will require the significant reductions in cost and increases in capacity that only the spatial dimension can hope to offer. That this is certainly the case is attested to by the significant number of companies that have been recently formed to bring products based on such concepts to the wireless marketplace. The approaches range from switched-beam to fully-adaptive with the benefits provided by the various approaches differing accordingly. At one end of the spectrum is Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) technology, a technology with roots in various defense-related development programs, and which ArrayComm is currently developing in its IntelliCell(TM) line of products. SDMA technology employs antenna arrays and multi-dimensional nonlinear signal processing techniques to provide significant increases in capacity and quality of many wireless communication systems. Antenna arrays coupled with adaptive signal processing techniques employed at base stations improve coverage, capacity and trunking efficiency allowing lower cost deployments with cells of moderate to large size. The basic principles and architecture of SDMA wireless communication systems are outlined. Experimental results obtained from systems built to these new architectural specifications are presented demonstrating the efficacy of SDMA technology.


Using a large-scale, product-level dataset collected from a supply chain dyad, we examine the effect of own and substitute products on a focal product's bullwhip effect and estimate the existence and magnitude of the bullwhip effect at the product level. We find that, under substitute products, the bullwhip effect is not only affected by a product's own factors but also by those of its substitute products. An increase in the number of own price changes is associated with a decrease in the bullwhip effect in terms of the direct effect but with an increase in the bullwhip effect in terms of the total effect, and increases ullwhip effect ubstitute products upply chain management mpirical analysis in the number of price changes of substitute products and own stockouts are associated with increases in the bullwhip effect. The potential effects for own price changes, price changes of substitute products and own stockouts are as much as 59.51%, 95.06% and 66.11%. We also find that the bullwhip effect is prevalent and very intensive at the product level. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The 2008 Beijing Olympics represented a broad expansion and emphasis on online sports content. This study integrated variables associated with uses and gratifications, technology adoption theories, and sports fanship literature to examine the influence of the Internet on "big-event" sports viewing. The study found that four statistically significant factors—the amount of time that individuals spent watching television online, perceived benefits of watching the Olympics online, time spent following sports news online, and preferences for various Olympic sports—combined to explain 34.6% of the variance in Web use for the Olympics. Those who used the Internet for Olympic content watched the Olympics more and indicated stronger motivations to watch sports than non-users. The findings suggest that networks should continue to increase emphasis on Web content, especially for event sports programming.


Background:  The use of sodium bicarbonate (SB) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is controversial. This study analyzes the effects of SB use on CPR outcome in the Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial III (BRCT III), which was a multicenter randomized trial comparing high‐dose to standard‐dose epinephrine during CPR. Sodium bicarbonate use in BRCT III was optional.


The aim of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, the chapter presents a comprehensive study of the meaning of the term ἀναίδeιαν in extant papyrological evidence. The conclusion reached is that the term, as is the case in early Jewish and patristic writings, the LXX, Graeco-Roman literature and in early Christian writings, always carries a negative and pejorative meaning. This meaning of the term is then used to interpret the occurrence of ἀναίδeιαν in the parable of the Friend at Midnight. Secondly, as part of a publication that celebrates the centenary of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria, a few remarks are made with regard to the Faculty of Theology's Faculty Research Theme (Oikodome – Life in its fullness) and the attitude of ἀναίδeιαν as depicted in the parable.


The hot holes population inversion (PI) and FIR amplification mechanism in germanium in crossed electric and magnetic fields at low temperature were proposed in 1979 [1]. The hot holes lasers were constructed for the first time in 1982 at LSTU [2]. The stimulated emission due to light holes (LH) - to heavy holes (HH) transitions (Fig.1) was observed later by Andronov with coworkers and Komiyama with coworkers [3]. The stimulated intersubband emission provided with nonselective resonator covers the spectral ranges λ = 80...120 and 150..210 μm.


Today's world is moving in such a speed that no person can spare a minute to stop and look what is happening. The rapid increase in population has inevitably increased the number of vehicles on road and more road accidents with life-loss. The report from World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that approximately 1.35 million people are losing their life each year, because of road accidents. The major reason for accidents is due to drunken driving, distracted driving, over speeding etc. Also, nearly 55% of the life-loss in the highways occurs due to the negligence of accident report of the passer-by vehicles especially during the night or in deserted places remain unnoticed till dawn. A person surviving from the accident, tends to lose their life due to lack of immediate medical response. A Vehicle Accident Emergency Alert system is proposed for immediate attention which could save their life. As soon an accident occurs the vibration sensor or the accelerometer present in the system, transmits the signals to Arduino controller. Latitudes and longitudes data are collected from the GPS system, passed using the GSM module to the emergency centre, and sends a text message to all the people listed in the emergency List. Getting the exact location would help the ambulance to reach the spot with shortest route and time. The proposed alert system could be implemented with less cost and incorporated in all vehicles in near future so that the rate of life-loss could be minimized.


Research was conducted in three areas of water quality assessment. Long term ecological monitoring data from Shenandoah National Park (SNP) were analyzed and a protocol for data analysis was presented. Streams in SNP were found to be comparable to the best that can be found in the Blue Ridge ecoregion. Land use in SNP (mostly for recreational purposes) does not appear to be causing impairment to the macroinvertebrate assemblages. Streams in the SNP were found to recover quickly from disturbance. The Macroinvertebrate Aggregated Index for Streams (MAIS) was found to have an overall classification efficiency (CE) of 86% in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion, and an overall CE of 91% in the Central Appalachians ecoregion. Refinement of the MAIS for use in the Blue Ridge ecoregion resulted in an increase of the overall CE to 78%. The CE for reference sites in the Blue Ridge was 75%, and the CE for degraded sites was 87%. An intensive study of a stream (Peak Creek) with suspected heavy metal impairment showed that capping of an industrial waste site has resulted in improvements to the macroinvertebrate assemblages. The source of the impairment was not linked solely to heavy metals, but was found to be a mixture of pollution sources and environmental stress. Dedicated to my wife Kerry and to my two wonderful children, David and Katherine.


To eradicate oil palms can be a decision made by sanitary reasons (a pest that attacks the crop) or because of the height of the crop that impedes the harvesters from doing their job properly or the existence of high yielding new materials. In any case, the impact on the company´s cash flow is quite important. This article presents various methods of replanting that have been used around the oil palm world, considering their advantages and their disadvantages. It concludes that the methods on which the trunks and leaves from old palms are incorporated to soils are cost effective. Besides this, they permit to improve the plantation´s design and to correct undesired physical and chemical characteristics of the soils such as ground compaction or acidity.


stay current with the emerging trends in libraries and educational technology. As Booth rightfully states, "building our capacity to contribute actively to the knowledge society is paramount and developing as instructors and designers is integral to demonstrating our evolving value." This book is an excellent addition to any library educator or prospective librarian's collection and will definitely become an indispensable resource in their instructional toolkit.


We present fully sampled maps of 461 GHzCO J = 4 → 3, 807 GHzCO J = 7 → 6, and 492 GHz [C I] 3P1→ 3P0 emission from the inner 3 degrees of the Galactic center region taken with the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) in 2001-2002. The data cover -1.°3 < ℓ < 2°, -0.°3 < b < 0.°2 with 0.′5 spacing, resulting in spectra in three transitions at over 24,000 positions on the sky. The CO J = 4 → 3 emission is found to be essentially coextensive with lower J transitions of CO. The CO J = 7 → 6 emission is spatially confined to a far smaller region than the lower J CO lines. The [C I] 3P1→ 3P0 emission has a spatial extent similar to the low-J CO emission but is more diffuse. Bright CO J = 7 → 6 emission is detected in the well-known Galactic center clouds Sgr A and Sgr B. We also detect CO J = 4 → 3 and CO J = 7 → 6 absorption from spiral arms in the Galactic disk at velocities near 0 km s-1 along the line of sight to the Galactic center. Analyzing our CO J = 7 → 6 and CO J = 4 → 3 data in conjunction with J = 1 → 0 12CO and 13CO data previously observed with the Bell Laboratories 7 m antenna, we apply a large velocity gradient (LVG) model to estimate the kinetic temperature and density of molecular gas in the inner 200 pc of the Galactic center region. We show maps of the derived distribution of gas density and kinetic temperature as a function of position and velocity for the entire region. Kinetic temperature was found to decrease from relatively high values (>70 K) at cloud edges to low values (<50 K) in the interiors. Typical gas pressures in the Galactic center gas are n(H2) · Tkin ~ 105.2 K cm-3. We present an (ℓ,b) map of molecular hydrogen column density derived from our LVG results.


The fact that hybrid buildings can be interpreted as extremely condensed urban blocks, increasing the city's density and contributing to its public realm, forms one of the key interests of this research. According to its European interpretation, the "ground scraper" is not only public because of the character of its plinth facing the street, but also due to its interior space, partly accessible to public. As such it potentially extends the city's public domain, horizontally and vertically, into the building's interior and links the public domain inside and outside. Basically it acts as a city within the city.


Materials and methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective study including 2995 patients. The proportion of patients reaching their HbA1c goals, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), and American Diabetes Association (ADA), were determined. Results: There were 4 different treatment groups: 1) diet group (n = 140), 2) oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) group (n = 1238), 3) insulin group (n = 765), and 4) insulin + OAD group (n = 812). According to the IDF and AACE criteria, the proportion of patients reaching HbA1c levels of ≤6.5% was 92% in group 1, and 1 year later it was 100%. In the OAD group the proportions were 61% and 69%, respectively. In the insulin group, the rate was 15% and 1 year later 33% of patients had reached their goals. In the insulin + OAD group, the rates were 10% and 21%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). According to the ADA criteria, the rate of patients reaching HbA1c levels of ≤7% was 40% in the total group and, at the end of 1 year, 59%. In the diet group, the rates were 95% and 100%, respectively. In the OAD group, the rates were 75% and 83%, respectively. In the insulin group, the rates were 23% and 52%, respectively. In the insulin + OAD group, the rates were 16% and 32%, respectively. Conclusion: A large number of patients seemed to reach their HbA1c goals. The success rate was especially higher in the OAD group than in the insulin group.


In the article analyzes expressive feature of public texts, which can be basis for the recognition of media articles of extremist text.


The article considers the illusory nature of secularism and the concept of "secular priesthood" as a minority, replacing sacred authority through the use of constitution to implement political ideologies. The circle of problems included into the framework of the "post-secular" is determined. A civilizational approach is proposed to solve the problem of preserving the state identity in post-secular world


The notion that English as a foreign language (EFL) education is instrumental in fostering internationalization and intercultural competencies is widespread. Governments around the world often make such claims. For example, the Taiwan Ministry of Education touts the value of English in helping Taiwanese people to become "global citizens" (Republic of China Ministry of Education, 2022). Such a stance has great intuitive appeal: Those acquiring English ability certainly are poised to expand chances to interact with others outside their own sphere. Ironically, though, ample research reveals how the hidden curriculum within EFL materials can favor powerful social groups, actually hobbling just internationalization. In light of this, I argue that habitual criticality is needed to cogently trouble EFL materials.


The study analyses the syncronisms between the cultures of the Middle and Late Neolithic and the Early Eneolithic from Banat and Transylvania, based on the Bayesian models of the ¹4C data gathered from Parţa-tell I, Sânandrei-Ocsăplatz, Uivar-Gomilă, Foeni-Cimitirul Ortodox, Orăștie-Dealul Pemilor, Cerișor-Cauce, Zau de Câmpie-La grădiniţă and Alba Iulia-Lumea Nouă. By comparing the absolute data with the stratigraphical situation of these sites, it has been concluded that phase IIB of the Banat Culture begins at the end of the Vinča A phase and ends its evolution in Vinča B1, the Banat Culture phases IIB-IIC (level 6a) are synchronous with Vinča B2, the beginning of the Foeni site is synchronized with the end of the Vinča C phase, it is after the Uivar sites (Neolithic) and Hodoni, and the end of the last level (III) is before the final Vinča D phase.Comparing ¹4C data from the late phase of the Vinča culture eponimous settlement with the Transylvanian phase shows that phase A sites from this area lasted even after the Vinča A habitation from the namesake settlement has ceased to exist, their end situated towards the middle of the Vinča B phase of the Danubian zone.The Zau de Câmpie radiometric data shows that the data from the IB–IC Zau culture phases are not synchronous with the Vinča A3 stage from the namesake site. They are from a later period, contemporary with the mid Vinča B phase interval. Also, ¹4C data proves that the Zau III phase is contemporary with Vinča C1 and does not support the parallels between Zau IIIB and Vinca C2.¹4C data of the Zau de Câmpie late phases proves that phase Zau III is contemporary with Vinča C1 and confirms the Zau IIIA- Vinča C1 synchronism. However, the same data shows that the Zau IIIB phase ends almost simultaneously with the end of this stage and they do not support the parallels between Zau IIIB and Vinča C2.By comparing the absolute data with the stratigraphical situation of these sites, it has been concluded that the genesis of the Turdaș culture takes place during the Vinča C2 phase, with the help of some elements from Banat at that time. Also, the Turdaș II phase cannot be placed earlier than Vinča C2/C3, while Turdaș III is contemporary with Vinča C3-D and ends with the arrival of the Foeni group in Transylvania. Due to its new chronological position, the Foeni group may have contributed not only to the genesis of the Petrești culture, but also that of the Ariușd-Cucuteni culture.


Quality characteristics of mash of takju prepared by wheat flour nuruks (conventional and improved style) were investigated during fermentation. Those were cultured with wild microorganism on whole and crushed wheat (wheat nuruk), wheat flour and mixture of rice and wheat flour, and nuruk cultured with Aspergillus oryzae on wheat flour. Ethanol content reached maximum of 10.6-17.4% after 14 days of fermentation. And the ethanol contents of takju were high in order of wheat nuruk, wheat flour nuruk, Aspergillus oryzae nuruk and mixture of wheat flour and rice nuruk. No difference of pH was among the treatments while the wheat flour nuruk cultured with wild microorganisms contained higher amounts of acids than the others. The amount of total sugars ranged from 16.22-17.74% on the starting day of fermentation, and decreased to 4.28-6.10% after 14 days. The amount of total sugars in mashes brewed with wheat flour nuruk cultured with Aspergillus oryzae was measured to be highest at the beginning stage of fermentation. Afterwards no difference was found among the types of nuruks. Glucose was in the range of 2,735-7,842 mg% at initial period of fermentation, afterwards it was rapidly decreased. The total amounts of free sugar for control and the wheat flour nuruk was higher than other treatments. The total amounts of organic acids were the highest in wheat nuruk to 690-2,241 mg% and the contents of lactic acid and succinic acid were high in mixed rice nuruk to 183-1,293 mg%. The contents of lactic acid and succinic acid were higher than those of the other kinds of organic acids in takju.


Values are not, and will not be, inculcated by the family, the church, or other social institutions in either the present or the future. They are, and will be, inculcated by the visual and electronic media.In 1750 BC, the Code of Hammurabi made it a crime punishable by death to sell anything to a ch


ABSTRACT In this research note, we reflect critically on the use of sampling techniques in advertising research. Our review of 1028 studies published between 2008 and 2016 in the four leading advertising journals shows that while current academic literature advocates probability sampling procedures, their actual usage is quite scarce. Most studies either lack information on the sampling method used, or engage in non-probability sampling without making adjustments to compensate for unequal selection probabilities, non-coverage, and sampling fluctuations. Based on our results, we call on researchers to revisit the fundamental aspects of sampling to increase their research results' rigour and relevance.


Distortion occurs in the optical output signal of semiconductor lasers during wide-band signal transmission with analog modulation and it is made up of differing proportions of higher-order intermodulation products. One method of reducing this intermodulation is compensation by counter-phase pre-distortion which is generated in a non-linear network and added to the signal current in front of the laser diode driver circuit. Prior art pre-distortion circuits, however, have the drawback that the additionally generated intermodulation products cannot be matched deliberately to the characteristic of the laser diode in function of the 2nd and 3rd-order intermodulation products - as the main ones - and in function of the phase and quantity. In the circuit arrangement of the invention, the intermodulation products for correcting the laser characteristic are separately generated according to the 2nd and 3rd-order products and, moreover, the 2nd-order products are generated separately according to sum and difference products. They are then also separately prepared in a linear network by amount and phase in accordance with the special characteristic of the available laser, summed and added to the signal current. The invention permits sensitive matching of the pre-distortion to the laser characteristic and hence largely the elimination of intermodulation, regardless of the laser type and quality. The principle of the invention is generally suitable for the compensation of interfering intermodulation phenomena even in other non-linear networks.


In this dissertation, multimode optical fibers (MMFs) have been studied as a robust and practical platform for nonlinear optics and quantum optics applications, where by experimental investigations and theoretical calculations we present the quantum and nonlinear virtue of MMFs as a versatile tool for future applications. Our investigations can be summarized in three parts: At first, we have investigated stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a long MMF, where more than 20 orders of cascaded Raman peaks have been generated. Observation of beam clean-up despite the highly multimode nature of the fiber and such strong nonlinear interaction despite the large fiber core size are distinguishable results of our work. Next, we have studied four-wave mixing (FWM) via intermodal phase-matching in both step-index and graded-index MMFs (GIMFs). A rigorous and general approach in the theoret-


In the functional Schrodinger formalism, we obtain the wave function describing collapsing dust in an anti-de-Sitter background, as seen by a co-moving observer, by mapping the resulting variable mass Schrodinger equation to that of the quantum isotonic oscillator. Using this wave function, we perform a causal de Broglie-Bohm analysis, and obtain the corresponding quantum potential. We construct a quantum corrected metric via a disformal transformation, incorporating the effects of the quantum potential. Due to a pressure term originating from the quantum potential, an initially collapsing solution with a negative cosmological constant bounces back after reaching a minimum radius, and thereby avoids the classical singularity predicted by general relativity.


A STABLE space-debris environment is defined as an environment permitting safe space operations in the long-term future [1]. A simple way to achieve a stable space debris environment is to limit the lifetime of man-made orbiting vehicles to 25 years [2]. A spent stage that evolves along a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is subject to a higher collision threat potential; that is, since its path will necessarily traverse the region between geostationary orbit and low Earth orbit. Subsequently, minimization of the spent stage lifetime is one important objective in space debris mitigation efforts. The impact of natural forces such as drag and lunisolar perturbations on the lifetime of high-eccentricity orbits (less than 0.5) is the subject of earlier studies [2–7]. The effectiveness of lunisolar perturbations in reducing the lifetime of eccentric orbits with high-apogee altitudes is also the subject of previous investigations [2]. Measures such as deboosting compromise the payload capacity of the launch vehicle. Therefore, the decay of the spent stages must be carefully monitored and analyzed to facilitate enhanced planning for future missions. Specifically, minimizing the lifetime of the spent stage without jeopardizing the operational requirements. The orbital evolution along a GTO is sensitive to the initial conditions. An accurate simulation of the process requires a good estimate of the initial state. The semimajor axis of the initial orbit is often better known than the eccentricity, because the semimajor axis is directly related to the orbital period, which is an easily measurable parameter. Therefore, the eccentricity is treated as an uncertain parameter in the present study. The ballistic coefficient B m=CDA kg=m 2 is also treated as an uncertain parameter [8]. This coefficient depends on the mass of the objectm, the drag coefficient CD, and the effective area A. The response surface methodology (RSM), or response surface approximation, is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques developed by Box and Wilson [9]. It is useful for modeling and analysis of problems where the response is influenced by several variables [10] and the objective is to optimize the response. The methodology is commonly employed in various fields, including agriculture and manufacturing [11]. Earlier investigations [12] predict the lifetime of a sample rocket body by combining the RSM with a genetic algorithm (GA) to estimate the eccentricity and ballistic drag coefficient. The estimation process employs the twoline elements (TLEs) for up to 250 days. The TLE consists of two lines of formatted text. It provides the orbital elements that describe the orbit of Earth satellites at a specified epoch. It also provides the first and second time derivatives of the mean motion and the ballistic drag terms of the satellite. The osculating Keplerian elements from the TLEs are produced by removing the longand short-periodic variations using simplified general perturbations (SGP4/SDP4) orbit theories [13]. SGP4 theory includes secular effects of J2, J4, and J 2 ; long-periodic effects of J2 and J3; and short-periodic effects of J2 truncated to zeroth order in eccentricity. For an orbit with a time period less than 225min, SGP4 theory is employed to obtain the state vector at a specified epoch. Otherwise, SDP4 theory is used to obtain the state vector. SDP4 theory includes all the terms of SGP4 plus the Earth's tesseral terms (2, 2), (3, 2), (5, 2), (4, 4), (5, 4), and the firstorder lunisolar point-mass gravity effects. The state vectors consisting of position and velocity, are obtained from the TLEs using the SDP4 theory. These state vectors are used in the Numerical Prediction of Orbital Events (NPOE) software to obtain the osculating and mean orbital elements at the initial state for the purpose of orbit propagation. The reentry bounds are computed by considering variations of up to 10% in the ballistic coefficient, the solar fluxF10:7, and geomagnetic indexAp. The actual reentry time is found to be well within the bounds. In this Note, the reentry time of the cryogenic stage of the Indian Geostationary Satellite LaunchVehicle GSLV-F01/CS§ is carried out as an optimal estimation problem. The RSM with GA are applied to determine the optimal estimates of B and e. The investigation employs TLEs, determined 165 days before the reentry epoch, 24 November 2007, 19:30 [Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)]. The decay location is characterized by longitude of 5 N, a latitude of 2 E, and an orbital inclination of 19.3 . An accurate reentry time prediction of the cryogenic stage is made seven days before its reentry. Themethodology selected offers an improvement over leastsquares method. The study also shows that the object must have tumbled during the last day in the orbit.


The performance of a fractional-slot concentrated-winding PMSM with two different winding diagrams, namely, single and dual star, is investigated. Firstly, the air-gap flux density for these two cases in terms of rotating fields is studied, which provides insight into the essential difference between these two windings. Then, a computationally efficient model taking into account saturation and spatial effects using FE-obtained look-up tables is developed. Using the model, the control and the offline design of the controllers are carried out based on the two-axis reference frame model for both machines and the vector space decomposition for dual-star one. The comparison is made in terms of terminal current harmonics, torque ripple, power density, and closed-loop control dynamic performance. It is shown that the dual-star machine has higher power density and less torque ripple, but higher 5th and 7th current harmonics. Moreover, the effect of one imperfection which may come with the dual-star winding diagram, namely imperfect electrical phase shift between the respective currents or voltages of two stars, on the performance of the machine is studied. It is concluded that the imperfection can deteriorate the closed-loop dynamic performance.


This is a petechial rash in a 9 year old girl with parvovirus B19 infection (fig 1).

Fig 1

She had mild pyrexia for …


The research area of mobile network has increased rapidly due to the new technologies in this field. In the RNP (radio network planning), the dimensioning of LTE (long term evolution) radio access network is a very important and critical process to get the required network performance and optimal cost. The planning and dimensioning simulation tools play an important role to select the optimal parameters values. A simulation dimensioning tool is introduced with GUI using MATLAB programs to represent mathematical formulas of LTE planning. The purpose of designing new tool is to be aware of the concept of planning, steps, different parameters and calculations used to understand planning better. A dimensioning tool that makes use of the link budget for cell coverage should be used, where a system level simulator may be used for the best estimation of capacity which is an input for the tool. The tool determines the cell range using coverage analysis. Then a capacity analysis is performed for capacity requirements. At the end the cell radius, throughput and the number of sites are determined. In this paper, a detailed LTE radio network planning procedure has been clearly presented which concentrates on coverage and capacity estimations. The tool is capable of dimensioning LTE network to give the number of sites of the base stations needed to cover a certain area. The simulator results are verified by other simulation tool (ATOLL simulation) which gives the same results as the new simulator tool.


In the era of big data, privacy preservation has been the focus for data mining. Mondrian anonymization is a state-of-the-art data anonymization algorithm for relational dataset, widely used in many classical syntactic privacy-preserving data mining methods, like k-anonymity, l-diversity, t-closeness, etc. Mondrian anonymization is named for its multidimensional data partitioning in geometric space to find the best partitions for data anonymization. However, one problem with using Mondrian anonymization is taking too much time and memory for the high-dimensional data. Another problem is that the Mondrian-based privacy preservation may lead to the unstable performance of data mining models. For example, in Mondrian-based k-anonymity, the accuracy results of data mining may drop dramatically with the growth of k value. For solving these problems, in this paper we propose an enhanced Mondrian anonymization model based on Self-Organizing Map (SOM-Mondrian). With the help of SOM, multidimensional data are converted from a high dimensional space into two-dimensional space; at the same time, preserving their topological properties of the input space. The resulting two-dimensional data are then used by Mondrian algorithm to find the best partitions for data anonymization. To our best knowledge, we are the first to propose SOM-based method for Mondrian anonymization. Experimental results show that, after applying our proposed method, the processing time of Mondrian anonymization decreases significantly from 12.11 seconds to 0.16 seconds; besides, the accuracy of data mining applications increases, about 2% higher than the results under the standard Mondrian anonymization, and also shows steadier and more robust (the degree of variation is reduced by 75%) to the varying k value.


The AACE is an electric power distribution automation project involving research and development of both hardware and software. Equipment for the project is being installed on the electric distribution system of the Athens Utilities Board (AUB), located in Athens, Tennessee. Purposes of the AACE are to develop and test load control, volt/var control, and system reconfiguration capabilities on an electric distribution system and to transfer what is learned to the electric utility industry. Expected benefits include deferral of costly power generation plants and increased electric service reliability. A project review meeting was held to review the progress of the AACE and to communicate the objectives and experimental plans to the electric utility industry. At the time of the meeting, the experimental test plans were being written; much of the AACE field equipment had been received by AUB, and installation had begun. A computer system, the AACE Test System (AACETS), was already operational at ORNL. AACETS will be used to develop and test applications software and experimental control strategies prior to their implementation on the AUB system. The AACE experiments are scheduled to begin in October 1985 and to continue through October 1987.


Davenport did not realize his dreams for New Haven. The town never achieved economic success, and while his support for Protestant unification gave him close ties to Cromwell during the Protectorate, the colony was particularly vulnerable after the Restoration, especially when it willingly harbored fugitive regicides. Bremer's account of the uninvited incorporation of New Haven into Connecticut through that colony's royal charter of 1662 provides an important counternarrative to a story usually presented from the Connecticut perspective. Annexation marked the end of Davenport's dream of building a New Jerusalem. The final chapter of the minister's life was not a happy one. Bremer recounts the contention surrounding Davenport's call to a divided Boston First Church and the censure he received for the dissimulating way in which he handled his release from the New Haven congregation. More important, he explains the nested issues, central to the future of Puritanism in New England, that informed Davenport's actions: his resistance to the Presbyterian drift among New England's Congregationalist camp and his opposition to the exercise of authority by consociations of ministers; his insistence on the independence of congregations over their internal affairs; and his opposition to the Halfway Covenant and lowered admission requirements. In the end, Davenport gained the First Church pulpit but lost the war. His defense of founding principles failed. New England continued the turn toward expanded admission and greater ministerial authority, and Davenport, who had spent much of his life as a Puritan moderate seeking unity, would be remembered as an unyielding Puritan hardliner.


We recorded high-resolution solid-state 13C NMR spectra of ethylene oxide oligomers, cryptands, and crown ethers complexed with metal ions, determined by cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR method. It is found that peak-intensities of these complexes are significantly enhanced by the presence of metal ions which act toward conformational fixation of flexible ligand molecules. The 13C chemical shifts of ethylene oxide oligomers complexed with HgCl2 or CdCl2 as open-chain analogues of crown ethers were successfully related with a pair of torsion angles of nearby single bonds. 13C Chemical shifts of cyclic ionophores were displaced (up to 6 ppm) together with conformational changes of ligand molecules. In addition, the 13C chemical shifts of the carbons neighbored with nitrogen atoms of cryptands [2.2.2] and [2.2.1] were well related with a pair of torsion angles of neaby bonds. Further, we found that several kinds of metal complexes with cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis isomers of dicyclohexano...


Myocardial infarction is getting more attention in human health care system by the busy daily activity and prolonged human life span. Myocardial infarction is not easy to detect in early stage. Whether it is acute or not, it can be chronically fatal without proper detection and treatment in early stage of warning signs. Our research is focused on the wearable device that detects myocardial infarction by monitoring cardiac markers from tiny amount of blood sample. Our device consist with three parts, blood sampling part, electrochemical sensor part and signal processing part. Blood sampling part extracts about 10ul of blood sample with micro-needles, then the blood is transported to electrochemical sensor through polymer parylene coated microfluidic channels. Electrochemical sensor detects electro-chemical current generated by oxidation-reduction cycle at the three dimensional integrated micro-electrodes. Signal processing part includes traditional signal conditioners such as i-v converter, amplifier and filter, and data processing units such as A/D, D/A convertors and micro-processor. The usefulness of out device is extended by providing combined on line communication capability with Bluetooth local area communication and wifi and/or 3G Wireless networks. Every realtime sensor data and status information from the sensor modules are collected by centralized server located in hospital. With our myocardial infarction diagnosis device, the patients' unexpected heart attacks can be prevented and the hospital may provide controllable risk caring for the disease without hospitalization of the patients.


to an architectural approach that marks the originality of his drawing. To better comprehend the architectural focus of Peruzzi's drawings, 'consisting especially of carefully measured details and displaying an attentiveness to material and structural issues' (p 60), Huppert also analyses the artist's rich sketchbook (taccuino dei viaggi), which contains drawings of ancient buildings situated in Rome and along the coast of southern Latium. Moreover, analysis of Peruzzi's work is located within the broader context of Rome's art scene where artists such as Raphael, despite emphasising the importance of precise measurements and drawing techniques in sketching Roman ancient monuments, produced, nonetheless, drawings that 'continued to use perspective, a representational method grounded in the figural arts' (p 58). In concluding this chapter, Huppert looks at Peruzzi's drawings of ancient architecture as a series of sketches representing parts rather than wholes, indeed 'a kit of parts to be recomposed imaginatively in new designs' (p 93). It was this approach that would allow the painter Peruzzi to apply the practical knowledge of architecture he acquired in Rome in his new design projects. Chapter three analyses Peruzzi's most important projects in both painting and architecture. Focusing on Rome, Bologna and Siena, Huppert looks at Peruzzi's work in Villa Chigi, Santa Maria della Pace, Saint Peter's, San Petronio, in Bologna, and San Domenico, in Siena, to name but a few. From the Sala delle prospettive in Villa Chigi to the frescos executed for the Ponzetti chapel in Santa Maria della Pace and the ground-breaking drawings of Saint Peter's and San Petronio, Huppert's detailed analysis shows the multidisciplinary nature of Peruzzi's art. It is in the versatility of his design techniques that she recognises Peruzzi's major contribution to Renaissance art design. Indeed, this was achieved through his ability to merge perspective, mathematical analysis and a deep knowledge of antiquity as well as the 'birds-eye cut-away view' technique that made Peruzzi's drawings appear 'to grow from the twodimensional plan at the bottom of the page into the three-dimensional forms at the top' (p 115). The concluding chapter of this book analyses Peruzzi's legacy. Huppert's discussion of his influence on a number of artists, such as his son Sallustio Peruzzi, her analysis of primary sources which refer to the existence of an unpublished treatise by Peruzzi, 'which has yet come to light' (p 154), but above all the influence of Peruzzi's technically ground-breaking architectural drawings, all provide an interesting overview of the artist's legacy. What is more, Peruzzi's challenge of Vitruvius' text and his deep interest in the physical fabric of Rome's ancient monuments 'provided evidence about the ancient manner of building equal to if not more compelling than Vitruvius' (p 167). Together with a solid historical analysis that engages with an emerging academic debate on Peruzzi, this book's major contribution lies in Huppert's choice to focus on the artist's rich production of drawings, some of which are made available in print for the first time. In so doing, she takes the reader into a visual journey that reconstructs Peruzzi's career and, more importantly, the making of his ideas. Accordingly, this book achieves its main goal – namely, to re-assess Baldassarre Peruzzi's role as a major artist of Renaissance Italy.


Conventional high‐frequency imaging sonars become less effective in detecting and classifying bottom‐laid targets when the targets become buried into seabottom sediments. Some recent work at the NATO SACLANT Undersea Research Centre has concentrated on investigating the use of lower‐frequency sonars (2–16 kHz) in order to better exploit scattering features of buried targets that can aid in their detection and classification. Part of the recent GOATS'98 experiment performed near Elba Island, Italy, involved carefully controlled monostatic measurements of scattering by thin‐shelled objects (spheres and cylinders) that were partially and completely buried in sand, as well as in free‐field. Preliminary results are presented which show promising comparisons of the data to existing models. In addition to examining peak levels of the returns for detection purposes, special attention is paid to resonance effects (examined in the time and frequency domain), and the effect of burial on this part of the target respo...


China has been experiencing a rapid urbanization, together with a huge wave of migrant population. The migration in China now enters a new period of inter-generational transition. The social inclusion and place identity(PI) of new migrants have become a focus of both academic and public concerns. With a survey on 3,164 copies of questionnaires collected from six large Chinese cities of Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Shenyang, Dongguan and Zhengzhou, based on Samuel Huntington's definition of PI, this paper builds a Structure Equation Model(SEM) to examine the feature of PI and its related mechanisms for new migrants in urban China. It is found that new migrants can be divided into three different groups: labor migrants, intellectual migrants and investor migrants. The PIs of different groups are found to be different. In the measurement models, the age, family life cycle, type of migrants, monthly income, household registration, social security status, housing facilities, housing type, etc. are the most important variables. The SEM model analysis indicates that institutional factors, housing factors, and socio-economic factors have direct effects on the PI, while personal characteristics have an indirect effect on the PI. The impacts of institutional factors, housing factors, socio-economic factors and personal characteristics on the PI decrease in sequence. In summary, after three decades of marketization in China, the institutional factors such as Hukou still have strong impacts upon the life of migrants, while the impacts of housing factors are becoming more and more prominent.


Abstract The seemingly un-authored presentation of television conflicts with the characteristics of authorship teachers want students to display in college-level writing. Teachers can use television to help students understand and act more fully as individual authors. Who Am I? Do you see my name printed above this essay? What does it signify to you? You probably expect my name at the top to mean that the ideas, words, and research substantially reflect my thinking, my consciousness. We can theorize all we want about the death of the author--and certainly I understand my writing is shaped by multiple discourses in my past and present--but the truth is that in the academic world I produced this essay expecting it to be read as representations of my thinking. Now turn on your television. What do you see? A commercial? A sitcom? A news broadcast? A soap opera? Unlike this essay, most television programs appear on our screens without a clear indication of authorship. We know that someone somewhere is creating the programs we watch, but we rarely have an idea who they are. Instead, our televisions offer us the illusion of looking through a virtual window at real and imagined people and events without sensing that we are responding to an individual author's ideas and thoughts. The ubiquitousness of television and the vast experience students have in watching it have a profound influence on how our students write. Yet no other form of communication is viewed as more antithetical to the teaching of writing, and to intellectual thought in general, as television. It is perceived as superficial, sentimental, commercialized, and the breeder of short attention spans. But when students talk about their experiences in watching television they display a sophistication and critical acumen often unmatched in their reading or writing of print texts. Although writing teachers often ignore or dismiss this influence, students' experiences offer teachers important opportunities for teaching writing and reading of all texts, print and electronic, more effectively. The rhetorical skills students learn from television--particularly in terms of genre and style--can contribute in a positive way to the work of a writing classroom. At the same time there are places where students' experiences with television runs counter to the kinds of print literacy we try to teach, particularly in conflicts between the emphasis of images or of words, of time or of space, of pleasure or of detachment, and of discrete print texts or the "flow" of television (Williams 2002). The seemingly un-authored presentation of television substantially conflicts with the ethos of authorship writing teachers want students to display in college-level writing. Yet teachers can use television to engage students in productive ways that help students understand and act more fully as individual authors. Who Wrote This? Pick up the syllabus or textbook for almost any composition course and you'll find the assumption, both explicit and implicit, that each student will work as an individual writer creating texts representing autonomous thought. Although critical theorists have often questioned authorial agency, writing classes continue to approach students as individual writers. This is one of the uncomfortable paradoxes of much contemporary composition theory, pitting the postmodern idea that our identities are culturally constructed and unstable against our wish for students to write as stable, unified individuals. A number of assumptions have formed and continue to influence this view of the student writer, from the emphasis on the creative individual rooted in nineteenth-century romanticism to the need for training professional managerial classes able to make individual judgments. Work in most writing classes is expected to be completed by students on their own. Even courses that use collaborative strategies eventually ask students to return in isolation to their writing to produce final revisions. …


Recently, the development of Network Industry has been hotly discussed in theoretical circles. And the research on Network Industry Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) performance has become an urgent problem to be resolved seriously. The listed companies in Information Technology Sector occurred M&A events from 2001 to 2007 are chosen as samples, and are applied in research, event study to analyze their M&A performance from short-term perspective. The results show that: (i) from all M&A samples, the market response is active, which brings positive return in spite of lag response; (ii) the market response referring to related transaction events is indifferent, and (iii) the market response is different because of different Products' intangible degree. The higher degree of the intangibility the weaker the market response is. Finally, opinions and suggestions are proposed on the basis of practical situations.


AbstractThe Yangtze River is the third largest river basin in the world. With the advancement of research methods and data quality, the understanding of extreme climate changes in the Yangtze River...


The reverse inheritance class relationship viewed as the symmetrical of the inheritance class relationship has great potential in class hierarchy reorganization. Classes from different hierarchies can be reorganized getting a new common superclass, factoring common features, thus avoiding data and code duplication.


A new study by UK researchers has found a correlation between myopia progression and years spent in education. Joe Ayling reports


Information Technology is receiving a larger and more important role in organizations since more and more functions are built into technical systems. This means that the challenge of creating u ...


* Recommended by George D. Stoddard, accepted for publication by Carl Murchison of the Editorial Board, and received in the Editorial Office, December 5, 1932.


SUMMARY:

 In the article Denis Eoffe posits the problem of studying "Russian-Jewish" contacts, which is immediately connected to the problem of the antiquity of the Jewish presence in Rus'. Eoffe criticizes the historiographic tradition which denies the existence of Jewish history in pre-Petrine Russia and offers an impressive review of the world historical, archeological, and philological literature dedicated to diverse aspects of that problem. Eoffe believes that the anti-Judaic polemical tradition in Rus' had to have sources in immediate observations of and communication with real Jews. In this vein, he offers a detailed critique of A. I. Pereswetoff-Murath' recent book "A Grin without a Cat. Adversus Judaeous' Texts in the Literature of Medieval Russia 988-1504". 2 vols. (Lund, 2002). Eoffe debates the author's main thesis, which consists of a refutation of any imperative to study a real Jewish presence in Rus' using analyses of the adversus Iudaeous texts. According to Eoffe, such an approach equals denying Jewish presence in Ancient Rus, as well as denying the need to study the role of Jews in ancient Russian cultural, political, and economic history. Eoffe also suggests a range of specific historiographical and methodological criticisms of Pereswetoff's book. He specifically stresses that Pereswetoff-Murath "does not see any connection between Kievan Jewry of the 10–11th centuries and the subsequent "Russian Jews". Eoffe argues that this newest research in fact continues an old historiographic tradition, which turns ancient Russian Jewry into a "figure of silence" or even a "simulacrum of hatred".


Many insects are known to have microorganisms in the gut which can play an important role in their nutrition. In the present study, we report the presence of probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus spp. in the gut of the honeybee sub species Apis cerana indica collected from different parts of Karnataka, India which play a very significant role in the general health maintenance of the host. Total bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from the midguts of the worker honeybee sub species Apis cerana indica, collected from different parts of Karnataka and amplified using PCR, with 16S rRNA primers. The amplified PCR products were purified and sequenced directly. This partial, 16S rDNA sequences from Apis cerana indica revealed the presence of novel bacterial flora composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which originated in the honey stomach of the Indian honeybee (Genbank accession number: EU392167) which has a putative healthconferring properties of probiotics.


We have seen that the GEM algorithm is an efficient and practical algorithm for firewall packet matching. We implemented it successfully in the Linux kernel, and tested its packet-matching speeds on live traffic with realistic large releases. GEM's matching speed is far better than the naive linear search and it is able to increase the throughput of iptables by an order of magnitude. On rule-bases generated according to realistic statistics, GEM's space complexity is well within the capabilities of modern hardware. Thus we believe that GEM may be a good candidate for use in firewall matching engines. We note that there are other algorithms that may well be candidates for software implementation in the kernel— specifically; we can point out the algorithms of Gupta and McKeown [16], Qiu et al. [25] and Woo [41]. We believe it should be quite interesting to implement all of these algorithms and to test them on equal footing, using the same hardware, rule-bases, and traffic load. Furthermore, it would be interesting to do this comparison with real rule-bases, in addition to synthetic Perimeter-model rules. We leave such a ―bake-off‖ for future work. As for GEM itself, we would like to explore the algorithm's behavior when using more than 4 fields, e.g., matching on the TCP flags, meta data, interfaces, etc. The main questions are: How best to encode the non-range fields? Will the space complexity still stay close to linear? What will be the best order of fields to achieve the best space complexity? Another direction to pursue is how GEM would perform with of IPv6, in which IP addresses have 128 bits.


Code compression has been shown to be efficient in code size reduction and, recently, performance improvement and energy savings. In this paper we use a compression method, the ComPacket, which has a very fast decompressor in hardware, to compress selectively regions of the code to improve performance and complementary regions to sustain the code size reduction both at the same time. Using the leon (SPARC v8) platform and benchmarks from Mediabench and MiBench suites we reached, on average, 25% of code memory area reduction, and a speed-up of 1.5 simultaneously.


According to the grinding principle of gear form-grinding machine,the relationship between the tooth error and longitudinal form error with the grinding process was analyzed.Then the geometrical error models of the gear form-grinding machine which was divided into two parts were built based on multi-body system theory and they were simplified.Aiming at Qinchuan YK73200 gear form-grinding machine,a comprehensive error compensation scheme was proposed.


The Durbin-Watson (DW) test in regression model and the Ljung-Box (LB) test in ARMA (autoregressive moving average) model are typical examples of correlated error tests. The DW test is used for detecting autocorrelation of errors using the residuals from a regression analysis. The LB test is used for specifying the correct ARMA model using the first some sample autocorrelations based on the residuals of a fitted ARMA model. In this article, simulations with four data generating processes have been car-ried out to evaluate their performances as correlated error tests. Our simulations show that the DW test is severely dependent on the assumed AR(1) model but isn't sensitive enough to reject the misspecified model and that the LB test reports lackluster performance in general.


The emergence of networked mobile computing devices creates many opportunities for consumption of multimedia content on the move. However, such mobile devices have inherent resource constraints: low network bandwidth, small screen size, limited input methods and low commitment viewing. To facilitate access to news video on mobile devices, a prototype system has been implemented on a HTC Dream (T-Mobile G1) mobile phone at 320x240 resolution, demonstrating an ``adaptive TV-channel'' like mixed-initiative interface used solicit user relevance feedback. Combined with network prefetching, a cognitively palatable stream of videos and a seamless lower-latency user experience is created.


This article presents classifications of language learning strategies. It points out criteria used in classifying them. The focus is on O'Malley e Chamot's(1990) and Oxford's(1990) classifications, widely referred to in studies in foreign language teaching and learning. It also establishes some counterpoints.


The subject innovation is transferring a bill flow reliably, but uses a single belt in a transporting device for transporting when supplied the bill kind and, on the banknote sheet handling device for banknotes flow transfer apparatus in which the upper and lower belt of a single belt-driven by a motor will be. The subject innovation is, one side of the upper conveyance belt drive pulley and the installation connected to the upper transfer belt driven pulley of the other side and bill flow of the top, which is installed to guide an upper surface of the central portion conveyance belt, the lower conveyance belt drive pulley and the other side of the one side to achieve this of bank notes consisting of a lower delivery belts are installed to the vertical lower portion of the upper transfer belt installation connected to a lower conveyance belt and the driven pulley so as to guide the central portion of the bill flow when flow conveyance belt; The rotating force of the drive motor current bill conveyance belt drive to be installed and connected to the driving shaft of the driving motor transmitting the rotational force to be delivered to the upper transfer belt drive pulley and the lower conveyance belt drive pulley; The bill flow is provided to both right and left sides of the transfer belt, the bills flow bills in contact with the upper and lower surfaces of the conveyance belt and the pressure does not come into contact with paper money kind guides the conveyance of the paper money flow stream conveyance guide; banknotes, characterized in that consisting of a sheet handling by providing the paper money for the unit current transfer device, it is possible to reduce the device production cost, being easily devised by the timing of the current bill conveyance belt.


1. Analysis of 157 samples of dried latex from above-ground portions of Cryptostegia grandiflora indicated the existence of a linear inverse correlation between the percentage of rubber hydrocarbons and the insolubles. 2. By extraction of the latex "insolubles" with absolute ethanol and fractional precipitation of the extract, an unidentified crystalline fraction was obtained which was inversely correlated with rubber hydrocarbons. It is possible that this crystalline fraction is the only one in the insolubles and latex inversely correlated with the rubber hydrocarbons.


One of the most encountered infections by the physician in the community is Urinary tract infections, and over the years most of the pathogens responsible for the etiology have become resistant to antimicrobials. In nosocomial infections and immunocompromised individuals the most common pathogen implicated in UTI and catheter associated UTI are . are notorious for their antibiotic resistance and also cause systemic dissemination. A cross-sectional study that included 184 species isolated from urine samples collected from January 2020 – June 2021. Identification of isolates and speciation was done by biochemical reactions, antibiotic susceptibility pattern determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance mechanisms were detected by standard phenotypic methods. Among the patient's female: male ratio was 1.7:1 and maximum number of cases were seen in the 21-30 age group.Maximum number of isolates belonged to (79.89%), followed by (20%). species showed maximum sensitivity to Imipenem, Meropenem, gentamicin, and amikacin. Out of the 184 isolates 22.86% were ESBL producers, 17.93% were AMP C producers and 9.24% were Carbapenamase producers. Among all isolates 94.56% were found to be biofilm producers, and all biofilm poducers were strongly associated with ESBL and Amp C production. Also 61.41% of total isolates were Siderophore producers. UTI is a predominant infection among younger age group females. High level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics were found, also the rising rate of antibiotic resistance mechanisms require further studies into the matter for ensuring better treatment success. Empirically amikacin and gentamicin could be used for treatment of UTI as they were found to be highly sensitive.


This paper presents a novel algorithm for single channel speech enhancement. The algorithm is based on the Ephraim and Malah noise suppressor with modified a priori signal-to-noise ratio estimator. The a priori SNR is biased depending on the masking threshold used for that particular frequency bin. The algorithm is performed in the wavelet domain instead of the Fourier domain. We match the sub-band of the decomposition to the critical band used in perceptual auditory modeling. Our simulation shows that the proposed algorithm is able to reduce in-band noise significantly while minimally distorting the speech signal


It is probably only a modest stretch to say that the prevailing view among many, if not most, monetary policymakers has been that a central bank should not make asset prices a direct focus of monetary policy (see Kohn 2009, Posen 2009, Bernanke and Gertler 2001, and Bean et al. 2010). Yet, the housing boom, its subsequent collapse, and the financial crisis that followed are viewed as central elements that gave rise to the Great Recession. These events have once again renewed the debate about whether a central bank should give asset prices a direct role in policy (see Cecchetti et al. 2000, and Roubini 2006).The severity and financial nature of this recession has led many forecasters to anticipate a protracted period of modest economic growth, accompanied by a slow decline in unemployment. Some even worry that the economy might fall into a deflationary trap. I am not one of them. Indeed, I am more optimistic than many about the future path of the economy. However, I share the frustration of many with the pace of recovery.In light of these events and the outlook, it is easy to understand why many would want to reexamine the role of central banks in preventing such a crisis. How should Fed policymakers best ensure price stability and maximum sustainable growth? What role do booms and busts in asset prices play in fomenting economic and financial instability? To what degree should monetary policymakers allow asset prices to directly influence the course of monetary policy? This latter question is the focus of today's discussion, and it remains a thorny issue.Monetary policy, as conducted by the Fed, is typically guided by traditional concerns of monetary policymaking. These include a measure of output growth, and the current and expected rate of inflation relative to a target. The exceptions have been "lender of last resort" actions — such as lowering interest rates rapidly in the face of a liquidity crisis.So, how should asset-price behavior influence the path of monetary policy? One point of view stresses that movements in asset prices can provide useful information about the current and future state of the economy, including the prospects for inflation. In this case, asset prices would be just one of many signals that monetary policymakers should consider as inputs to their forecasts of output and inflation. An alternative perspective has the stance of monetary policy reacting directly to movements in asset prices in an attempt to reduce or eliminate the formation of asset-price bubbles that could be damaging to the economy.


Abstract The thoracic cavity contains vital cardiovascular and pulmonary structures. Few congenital anatomical variations in the bronchial tree and pulmonary vasculature have been reported. Understanding such variants is crucial during surgical procedures that involve the thorax. During routine dissection of an 89-year-old male cadaver as part of a first-year anatomy course, an anomaly of the bronchial tree was discovered. The left lung hilum was notable for the pulmonary artery being posterior to the mainstem bronchus. The case report describes normal lung development and anatomy and the significance of this novel variation in which has not been previously described in the literature.


In the paper, the concept of sustainable development in relation to enterprise management as well as the idea of sustainable enterprise against the background of the concept of sustainable development have been presented. In the subsequent part of the study, the selected tools of the lean management concept have been depicted. In the last part, the efficiency of the implementation of lean management tools in the context of the implementation of assumptions of sustainable development has been assessed. In the paper, the following research question has been formulated: how does the implementation of lean management tools in the enterprise translate into the efficiency of the implementation of assumptions of sustainable development? On the other hand, the objective of the study has been to assess the efficiency of the implementation of lean management tools in reduction in operating costs and to analyze the effects of this implementation on the implementation of assumptions of sustainable development. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the relationship between the level of costs of the implementation of lean management tools and the costs of the implementation of assumptions of sustainable development has been analyzed, which has indicated the impact of an increase in the listed costs on an increase in return on sales in years 2009-2017. The research clearly shows that continuous improvement in the implementation of activities and processes, including the implementation of assumptions of sustainable development allows for achieving success in the analyzed area. The applied research methods are: literature studies, case study, trend analysis of the costs of the implementation of lean management tools.


In this study, the landfill leachate was treated by Catalytic wet air oxidation, and the heterogeneous catalyst Fe-Co-Ru-Ce/γ-Al2O3 was prepared. The calcination temperatures were respectively set at 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 °C, and the Fe-Co-Ru-Ce/γ-Al2O3 impregnated with the four metal salt solutions was calcined at the set temperature for 3 h to study the effect of calcination temperature on the activity of the catalyst.The results showed that when the calcination temperature was 450 °C, the activity of the catalyst reached the maximum. At this time, the COD removal rate, decolorization rate and turbidity removal rate of the treated water samples were the highest, which were 78.1%, 60.4% and 92.7%, respectively.


Wordsworth was the tipical romantic poet of Britain and Guo Moruo of China.Their poetic theories have something in common as well as different,such as the way of expressing feelings in poems,the relationship between feelings and real life,the function of rational thought and inspiration in composing poem,poetic materials and so on.There are more than one expressions of therse differences.


BACKGROUND
Research has demonstrated that higher social support is associated with better psychological health, quality of life, cognition, activities of daily living and social participation, but the relationship between social support and sleep quality remains unknown.

AIMS
This study aimed to assess the incidence of poor sleep quality, clarify the relationship between social support and sleep quality amongst stroke patients and determine whether anxiety and depression symptoms mediate this relationship.

METHODS
We conducted a quantitative, cross-sectional study involving 238 patients with stroke (median age of 61 [range 29-87] years, 68.1% male) recruited from a comprehensive tertiary care hospital between September 2019 and January 2020. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used for the survey. The mediating effect of anxiety and depression symptoms was assessed using the bootstrap method via Model 4 (parallel mediation) of the SPSS PROCESS macro.

RESULTS
Results showed that the incidence of poor sleep quality amongst stroke patients was 65%. Mediation analysis showed that social support exerted significant direct effects on sleep quality, and anxiety and depression symptoms mediated the relationship between social support and sleep quality.

CONCLUSION
Measures should be taken to enhance social support to improve the sleep quality of stroke patients.

SUMMARY STATEMENT
What is already known about this topic? Patients with stroke have a high rate of sleep disorders, anxiety and depression symptoms. Anxiety and depression symptoms have a negative effect on sleep quality. Social support may be an effective intervention to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms and improve sleep quality amongst stroke patients. What this paper adds? The incidence of poor sleep was high amongst stroke patients. Social support had a direct positive effect on sleep quality. Anxiety and depression symptoms played multiple mediating roles in the relationship between social support and sleep quality. The implications of this paper: Our study adds to the existing literature by clarifying how social support impacts the sleep quality of stroke patients. We suggested improving the sleep quality of stroke patients through enhancing social support and reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, especially in patients with low levels of social support.


A model to classify hardwood species for furniture applications in Pacific Rim markets was developed using discriminant analysis. The results suggest that the technique could be used for other specific product/market applications. The results also indicated that the Chilean hardwood species have the desired properties for use in furniture making and that they would probably substitute for tropical hardwoods instead of the North American hardwoods in this rapidly expanding market.


It provides a method for chemical vapor deposition reactor 10 and the wafer processing. The reactor 10 includes a reaction chamber 12 having an inner space 26, and an exhaust system including an exhaust manifold 72 having a gas inlet manifold 14 communicating with the inner space of the chamber, the flow channel 78 and one or more ports 76 , and a one or more of the cleaning member 80 is mounted in the chamber. Gas inlet manifold 14 can be passed through the process gas to form a deposit on the substrate 58 which is held in the inner space 26. The channel 78 may be in communication with the interior space 26 of the chamber 12 through one or more ports 76. One or more of the cleaning member 80, (i) one or a driving position in which apart from a plurality of cleaning members one or more ports, one (ii) one or more cleaning members or It may be movable between a cleaning position engaging the port 76. .FIELD 1


Accurate matching of abdominal images acquired PET and CT is essential for the relevant diagnosis using whole-body image, as much as brain studies. Despite of many studies for neuroimages, it has been few studies of image matching for abdominal medical images. In this study, we developed a full automatic image matching algorithm for abdominal CT images.


Taiwan light source (TLS) started the 200 mA top-up operation in October [1], 2005, and subsequently, the stored top-up beam current was raised gradually to 300 mA in November, 2005. Several machine issues were encountered and have been solved in the past three years. Presently, the TLS is performing routinely as user mode operation. However, due to the increasing need of higher photon intensity from the users, it is proposed to explore the possibility of raising the top-up operation to 360mA. This beam-test study has been performed recently. The experimental results show that the TLS is capable of carrying out 360mA top-up operation.


&NA; Arthropod-borne bacterial diseases affect more than 25,000 Americans every year and thousands more around the world. These infections present a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians because they mimic many other pathologic conditions and are often low on or absent from the differential diagnosis list. Diagnosis is particularly challenging during pregnancy, as these infections may mimic common pregnancy-specific conditions, such as typical and atypical preeclampsia, or symptoms of pregnancy itself. Concerns regarding the safety in pregnancy of some indicated antibiotics add a therapeutic challenge for the prescriber, requiring knowledge of alternative therapeutic options for many arthropod-borne bacterial diseases. Physicians, especially those in endemic areas, must keep this class of infections in mind, particularly when the presentation does not appear classic for more commonly seen conditions. This article discusses presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common of these arthropod-borne bacterial diseases, including Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tick-borne relapsing fever, typhus, plague, cat-scratch disease, and Carrión disease. Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians, emergency medicine physicians, nurse midwives Learning Objectives After completing this CME activity, physicians should be better able to identify the various arthropod vectors of bacterial infections, compare the risks and benefits associated with common antibiotics used to treat arthropod-borne bacterial infections in pregnancy, identify the specific effects of certain arthropod-borne bacterial infections on the gravid female/her placenta/her fetus, and manage and treat pregnant women with these infections.


By including the effect of atomic recoil, the fluorescence spectrum for a two-level atom can become asymmetric whether the atom is in a uniform field or in a field gradient. This predicted asymmetry in a field gradient accounts for some of the previously observed but hitherto unexplained asymmetry in the fluorescence spectrum.


S. D. acknowledges financial support by a fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, Contract No. D/11/40955). Both authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (U.S.A.), under Grant No. DMR-1206971, and stimulating conversations with Dibyendu Mandal and Jordan M. Horowitz.


JOHN S. LEE Review of Christopher Dyer, A country merchant, 1495–1520 147 JOANNE BAILEY Review of Henry French and Mark Rothery, Man's Estate 149 THOMAS KUEHN Review of Philip Gavitt, Gender, honor, and charity in late Renaissance Florence 152 ARTHUR DOWNING Review of John Murphy, A decent provision 154 PHILIP BENEDICT Review of Ole Peter Grell, Brethren in Christ 156 SHANE EWEN Review of David G. Barrie and Susan Broomhall eds., A history of police and masculinities, 1700–2010 158 DANIEL J. R. GREY Review of Alison E. Woodward, Jean-Michel Bonvin and Mercè Renom, eds., Transforming gendered well-being in Europe 160


Multidrug resistance (MDR) is becoming an increasing threat to the global public health and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections as it can quickly develop resistance to clinical antibiotics. The rise of MDR has rejuvenated interest in alternative therapies where, for example, pathogen-specific phages could be used on their own or alongside antibiotics to improve treatment efficacy. Benefits of phages include high pathogen specificity, efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacterial genotypes and their ability to co-evolve to overcome evolution of phage resistance. Phages also have low toxicity to the patients, minimal disruption of the patient's microbiota, and can auto- "dose" themselves by replicating in their host pathogens. This research investigates using phages and antibiotics in combination therapy in vitro against the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial pathogen. The main aim was to identify effective phage-antibiotic combinations using various commonly used clinical antibiotics and LPS and pilus-targeting phages that have been shown to be effective against P. aeruginosa previously. Results show that certain combinations of antibiotics and bacteriophages are more efficient at suppressing bacterial growth than the others. Specifically, it was found that antibiotic combinations retain their synergies, antagonistic or not, even when phages are added. Furthermore, we show that two bacteriophages alongside one antibiotic is likely to be the best combination for designing efficient phage-antibiotic therapy cocktails. Interestingly, antibiotic-phage synergies were different when applied against clinical P. aeruginosa strains. Together, these results suggest further research on combination therapies aimed to suppress bacterial growth is needed, and specifically, combinations therapies need to be tested not only against laboratory but also against clinical strains to obtain effective outcomes.


Taiwanese government legislated disability evaluation based on ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) framework in July, 2008. Before enforcing the ICF policy to identify people with disabilities, there are not many studies conducted in Taiwan. The aim of this study is to understand the perception of health care professionals on planning and implementation of ICF in Taiwan. A cross sectional study recruited 84 person-times to participate the ICF meetings during February 9, 2009 to February 25. The participants included medical care professionals (medical physicians or academics), disability and social welfare representatives. A structure questionnaire was used in this study. There are 68 valid questionnaires responded. The results showed that there were 20% samples expressed that they had no idea for Taiwanese government legislated disability evaluation based on ICF framework at all, 2008. There were 41.21% of samples agreed that the physicians can work on disability identification on activity or environmental parts of ICF framework except for body function and structure. Generally, there was not significant difference of perception of JCF between medical physicians and the representatives of social welfare organizations.


In this paper we propose a method for implementing the controller synthesized by PN based SCT theory. Despite the great acceptance of SCT in controller designing, there are problems with its practical implementation. Sequential Function Chart as an international standard programming language is used for implementing PN-based controller. One problem in this way is occurrence of simultaneous events in mutually exclusive transitions. In SFC standard there is left to right priority. In this paper, we present a method to developing dynamic priority. If two users have requests for the common resource simultaneously, priority goes to one that in previous turn has not use of resource. Finally, we illustrate the idea using an example.


The hydraulic fracturing results of production is usually affected by the conditions of fractured reservoir,the production situation of fracturing well and its conterminous well and the fracturing operation parameters,and this leads to difficulties in predicting the hydraulic fracturing results.This paper analyzed lots of fracturing results and discovered that the important factors of fracturing results is the depth of fractured formation,effective thickness,permeability and other nine factors.The main factors were treated as the data of the expert data base.We established the membership function and differentiate the dividing line of it,and we established the predictive method which applies the expert system to predict the hydraulic fracturing results of oil wells.Using the established expert system to calculate 300 groups of test data in Jilin oil field and the prediction error rate is only 4.0%.The prediction proves that the predictions are accurate,and can provide guidance for oil wells fracturing optimization.


The major obstacle to the use of RNA interference is the need for efficient delivery of small interfering RNA into specific target cells in vivo.Cationic liposome DC-Chol/DOPE has been successfully used in DNA medicine delivery.This research showed that the DC-Chol/DOPE transfected siRNA into HeLa cells as effectively as commercial transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 and was much less toxic to cells.


This paper describes gas turbines and associated equipment for use in combined cycle power generation. The topics of the paper include overall design features for the gas turbine; design and performance data including pressure ratio, exhaust flow, exhaust temperature, heat rate and efficiency; and combined cycle applications for base load, load cycling, and peaking power plants.