Crocus taxonomy has until now been based primarily on morphology, taking chromosome numbers into consideration. The genetics and genome structure of the genus, the relationships and diversity within the genus are not well known. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a whole genome approach to study genetic variation that is gaining in popularity for lower-level systematics. The present study employed the AFLP technique for analyzing relationships among taxa of the Crocus genus (particularly the Crocus vernus aggregate) with Carpathian Basin origin. The molecular variance obtained was based on amplification, separation and detection of Eco RI and Tru 1I double-digested Crocus spp. genomic DNAs. Our results confirm the relatedness of C. tommasinianus , C. vittatus and C. heuffelianus at the Verni series of the Crocus genus. C. banaticus is taxonomically isolated as the sole member of the subgenus Crociris based on unique morphological features, but the difference is not convincing from AFLP data. The second interesting AFLP analysis result is the position of C. scepusiensis which separated it from the Crocus vernus aggregate.


Whilst the definition of care circulation is left purposefully broad, I would have appreciated clarification on what, if any, activities are not included in care circulation, that is, are all practices of staying in touch within transnational families considered transnational care? Is there anything that is not considered 'care'? Nonetheless, I have found myself referring to the book repeatedly since it has been sitting on my desk. The book is a clear and timely addition to the growing body of literature on transnational families, migration and care, questioning the predominantly negative conceptualizations of this type of family. It proposes to develop a new framework for thinking about transnational families and the concept of 'care circulation' certainly delivers on this, seeing transnational care exchange as multi-directional and encompassing many different types of activities, but also as constrained by a number of institutional and structural factors. It is informative and presents a genuinely novel way of understanding care within transnational families. For those who are familiar with recent developments and debates around care, migration and family, and those new to this area of inquiry, the concept of 'care circulation' and the empirical case studies offered makes it a worthwhile investment for students and academics alike.


The principles and the methods of synthesis of poly-silicate-metals salts flocculants,the effect of the synthesis conditions on the product performance,and the applications of this type of flocculants in pulping and papermaking wastewater treatment are introduced in detail.Several viewpoints of the author and the development of this type of flocculants are presented.


Little is known about the types of coping strategies activated by clients suffering from distressing hallucinatory voices and even less about models of coping. This study categorises those coping approaches as distraction, focusing or metacognitive and reports on their frequency in a community sample of voice hearers using thematic analysis. A non-engagement style was found to be predominant and this was linked to coping by distraction and the use of safety behaviours. This study suggests that coping strategies naturally utilised by voice hearers tend to be of limited benefit and may perpetuate the voice hearing experience. It is suggested that hearing voices groups, mental health and CBT training programmes need to stress the importance of voice hearers moving towards focusing and metacognitive styles of coping.


Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease, with genetic and environmental backgrounds. Successful management of atopic dermatitis requires a multipronged approach. Management should compromise of a disease-adapted treatment which combines adjuvant basic therapy, symptomatic relief and, if needed, anti-inflammatory treatment and the identification and avoidance of trigger factors. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are also considered to be good alternatives for the long-term control of severe atopic dermatitis. Also, new therapies such as immunomodulatory drugs, biologics, anti-IgE therapy, and CpG oligodeoxy nucleotides (ODN) are considered to be effective in treatment of atopic dermatitis. [Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis(Korea) 2009;19:209-219]


The study was conducted to investigate the production, processing and consumption patterns/ forms of cocoyam among farmers in Dunukofia local Government Area in Anmabra State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 60 male and female respondents for the study. Data were collected with the use of pre-tested questionnaires. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean scores, personal observation and focus group discussions. Results showed that majority of the respondents (77%) were females while (25%) of the respondents had no formal education. The result also showed that out of six local species grown, three were the most prominent. They include Ede ofe, Edebuji and Indian coco. Cocoyam is one of the major crops grown in the study area, and that Edeofe ranked the highest grown specie out of the three major grown species. Akanoke was the least grown among the six species in the study area. The production patterns were that majority (78%) of the respondents use their backyard or compound farm for cocoyam production. The result also showed that about (80%) of the respondents intercrop cocoyam with other crops. The cocoyam can be processed and consumed as a soup thickener, fufu, mgbogu, roasted achicha and boiled in the study area. The study recommended that government should encourage genetic improvement researches on cocoyam especially on non -scratchy species/types, introduce improved production and processing techniques, pharmacological medicinal and industrial uses should be encouraged in all ecologically suitable areas.


On how to get the influence of large bridge-crossing water pipe to the safety of bridge structure,it analyses and proves its safety range,the safety itself and its influence to transportation safety and gets the conclusion that the safety evaluation of large bridge-crossing water pipe needs the evaluation methods such as static analysis,resonance judgment and water hammer analysis.


Purpose

This paper aims to inquire about the types of measurements used by international university rankings and their connection to the higher education institutions' (HEIs) third mission activities, namely, the contribution to society.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a review of literature and content analysis of nine international rankings.

Findings

This empirical study corroborates that rankings focus on teaching and research activities but rarely measure the HEIs' connection to practice.

Originality/value

As the measurements used by international university rankings are claimed to have a huge impact on the structuring of the academic environment, this paper shows that international rankings fail to measure the HEIs' success in developing third mission activities.


The middle Cenomanian – early Turonian Mishrif Formation, a major carbonate reservoir unit in southern Iraq, was studied using cuttings and core samples and wireline logs (gamma‐ray, density and sonic) from 66 wells at 15 oilfields. Depositional facies ranging from deep marine to tidal flat were recorded. Microfacies interpretations together with wireline log interpretations show that the formation is composed of transgressive and regressive hemicycles. The regressive hemicycles are interpreted to indicate the progradation of rudist lithosomes (highstand systems tract deposits) towards distal basinal locations such as the Kumait, Luhais and Abu Amood oilfield areas. Transgressive hemicycles (transgressive systems tract deposits) represent flooding of the shallow carbonate platform and are recorded in oilfields such as Amara, Halfaya and Zubair.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze and compare experiences of anxiety and discomfort caused by the Epley maneuver and the willingness for a potential retreatment between younger (≤70 yr) and older (>70 yr) patients.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, observational cohort study.

SETTING
Tertiary referral center.

METHODS
Dutch adults, diagnosed with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, were included. Patients with dementia or subjected to an Epley maneuver ≤4 months before the hospital visit were excluded. Patients were asked about their experiences with the Epley maneuver directly after the maneuver, after 2 weeks and after 2 months. Differences in experiences between the age groups were tested with the Fisher's exact test and subgroup analyses were performed using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
Out of 179 included patients, 115 (64%) were aged ≤70 and 134 (75%) were female. In both groups, 25% reported anxiety directly after the Epley maneuver. Two weeks later, 19 and 27%, respectively (p = 0.26) reported anxiety. In the young group, 30% expressed discomfort directly after treatment compared with 45% in the elderly (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.05-3.75, p = 0.04). Two weeks later, this was 36 and 38%, respectively (p = 0.87). This decreased to 24 and 33%, respectively (p = 0.37), after 2 months. There was no significant difference in willingness for potential retreatment between both groups after 2 weeks (93 and 95%, respectively, p = 0.75) nor after 2 months (97 and 92%, respectively, p = 0.13).

CONCLUSION
The Epley maneuver results in little anxiety and discomfort both in young and in elderly patients. Most patients show willingness for potential retreatment in case symptoms recur.


Tannin substances extracted from the bark of Acacia mangium and A. crassicarpa were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and pilot production of vegetable tannin extract was simulated. The result shows that the tannin in both barks belongs to the condensed type. The absolutely dried A. mangium bark contains up to 36. 75% of tannin, with 6. 10 of ratio of tannin to non-tannin. One ton of vegetable tannin extract can be obtained from about 2. 34 tons of air dried bark, and the product has a high tannin content with a quality light colour, which can quickly permeate when tanning leather and make the leather good in elasticity and quality. So A. mangium bark is an excellent raw material for vegetable tannin extract. The absolutely dried A. crassicarpa bark contains only 9. 56% of tannin, and it takes 4. 96 tons of air dried bark to produce one ton of vegetable tannin extract. The product contains 53. 32% of tannin and 46. 47% of non -tannin. The content of polyphenol was up to 70%, which can be used as substitutes of phenols to make polymer materials; therefore, A. crassicarpa bark is also valuable in producing vegetable tannin extract.


PURPOSE: An apparatus for making fermentation liquor and vinegar is provided to shorten vinegar making time by promoting acetic acid fermentation. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for making vinegar with a vinegar-making mode and fermentation liquor-making mode comprises: a housing; a container(100) placed in the house; a temperature maintain device for maintaining fermentation temperature for fermentation liquor or vinegar; an air injection device(400) for supplying outside air into the container; and an auxiliary container inside the container, containing materials for fermentation liquor or vinegar. The air injection device has an air pump(410) mounted in the housing and an air induction pipe(420) for inducing cir to the container.


In this study, the effect of crack on free vibration of a large deflected cantilever plate, which forms the case of a pre-stressed curved plate, is investigated. A distributed load is applied at the free edge of a thin cantilever plate. Then, the loading edge of the deflected plate is fixed to obtain a pre-stressed curved plate. The large deflection equation provides the non - linear deflection curve of the large deflected flexible plate. The thin curved plate is modeled by using the finite element method with a four-node quadrilateral element. Three different aspect ratios are used to examine the effect of crack. The effect of crack and its location on the natural frequency parameter is given in tables and graphs. Also, the natural frequency parameters of the present model are compared with the finite element software results to verify the reliability and validity of the present model. This study shows that the different mode shapes are occurred due to the change of load parameter, and these different mode shapes cause a change in the effect of crack.


A statistical method for reconstructing large scale structure behind the Zone of Avoidance is presented. It also corrects for shot-noise and for redshift distortion in galaxy surveys. The galaxy distribution is expanded in an orthogonal set of spherical harmonics. We show that in the framework of Bayesian statistics and Gaussian random fields the $4 \pi$ harmonics can be recovered and the shot-noise can be suppressed, giving the optimal picture of the underlying density field. The correction factor from observed to reconstructed harmonics turns out to be the well-known Wiener filter (the ratio of signal to signal+noise), which is also derived by requiring minimum variance. We apply the method to the 1.2 Jy IRAS survey. A reconstruction of the projected galaxy distribution confirms the connectivity of the Supergalactic Plane across the Galactic Plane (at Galactic longitude $l \sim 135^o$ and $l \sim 315^o$) and the Puppis cluster behind the Galactic Plane ($ l \sim 240^o$). The method is extended to 3-D, and is used to recover from the 1.2 Jy redshift survey the density, velocity and potential fields in the local universe.


the fever ceased within the same period of tinme. The imninediate results of the injection of the cinchonine salts were tlhus very satisfactory, and will be found to compare favourably, especially as regards the more serious nmalignant tertian variety, witlh those of administering quinine by various methods in tlle army in England as reported by J. W. W. Steplhens and hiis colleagues.4 Witlh regard to relapses the patients could not be kept in llospital long enouglh to furnislh com-iplete data. Four were discharged free from relapses on from the fifthl to tlle twenty-fourtlh day, while in other cases after from one to four injections relapses were recorded from between the sixth to tlhe thirtv-third days, very much in the same way as in the army cases after similar quinine treatment. I did not use the cinclhonine salts witlh the object of or expectation of preventing relapses by a few injections, but in order to rapidly control the fever and cause the parasites to disappear from the blood, after wliclh a prolonged course of oral administration of quinine is indicated to prevent a recurrence of the fever. The following recent case will serve to illustrate the value of preliminary intramuscular injections of cinchonine salts in cases of malaria in wlliclh oral administration cannot safely or conveniently be relied oIn.


Editorial: Micro- and Macro-Factors in a Supply-Usage Model of School Achievement: The Key Position of Educational Psychology in Explaining Between-Country Differences in School Achievement


The aims of this research are: to study the current and desirable states of the sustainability students' development on sufficiency economy philosophy in school; to develop model of sustainability students 'development on sufficiency economy philosophy for schools under the office of secondary educational area. Mixed - methods research approach is used consisted of four steps as follows: (1) study of 126 schools; (2) construction of a model; (3) verification of the model by 30 experts; (4) an evaluation of the model by a focus group of 15 experts, followed by final adjustments to the model. The research instruments are a questionnaire and an evaluation form. The data were analyzed by content analysis and descriptive statistics. The research results are as follows: The overall of current and desirable states of the sustainability students 'development on sufficiency economy philosophy in school at high level and at the highest level respectively. Furthermore, the model is composed of four parts: The first part is the model of the sustainability students' development. The second part is the principle and objective of model. The third part is an implementation process which consisted of four factors. They are management, curriculum development, teacher developments and students' activities. The fourth part are conditions of implementing and success.


For the panel zone of the steel moment frames , Chinese codes refer to the provisions of US standard in the web thickness , while the shear resistance verification is modified according to the equations of Japanese standard. However , the application range and compatibility of the specifications from international standards should be clarified. In this paper , after reviewing some corresponding foreign references on the panel zone , related specifications of Europe , US and Japanese standards are summarized , and by the normalized width-thickness ratio of the panel zone , requirements on the web thickness of the main international standards are generalized to the same coordinate system , and are discussed and compared with some experimental results.Furthermore , on the basis of the two seismic design concepts , i.e. ," high ductility -low elastic strength " and " low ductility -high elastic strength ", shear resistance verification equations are clarified according to the width-thickness ratio of the panel zone.


SUMMARY Ljung's (1989) method for estimating missing values and evaluating the corresponding likelihood function in scalar time series is extended to the vector case. The series is assumed to be generated by a possibly partially nonstationary and noninvertible vector autoregressive-moving average process. No particular pattern of missing data is assumed. Future and past values are special cases of missing data that can be estimated in the same way. The method does not use Kalman filter iterations and hence avoids initialisation problems. It does not require the series to be differenced and thus avoids complications caused by over-differencing. The estimators of the missing data are provided by the normal equations of an appropriate regression problem. These equations are adapted to cope with temporally aggregated data; the procedure parallels a matrix treatment of contour conditions in the analysis of variance. Autoregressive processes are considered in some detail.


Ancient settlement patterns in central Tonga, at the southeastern limit of Lapita expansion into Remote Oceania ˜3 ka, were conditioned by island geomorphology as controlled by spatial geotectonic features and temporal changes in relative sea level on island coasts. Volcanic islands provided lithic resources, but human populations were concentrated on nonvolcanic forearc islands underlain by limestone covered by airfall tephra blankets that weathered to form rich agricultural soils and eroded to provide terrigenous sand for ceramic temper. The forearc islands lie along the Tonga platform, a linear tract of shoals uplifted diachronously by subduction of the buoyant Louisville Ridge at the Tonga Trench. Multiple transverse structural discontinuities break the forearc into discrete structural blocks, some tectonically stable during late Holocene time but others undergoing postuplift subsidence. Understanding the paleoenvironmental settings of Tongan archaeological sites requires reconstructing the contrasting geologic histories of different forearc island clusters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Significance The adult human brain is organized in unimodal regions responding selectively to categories of environmental sensory stimuli. Here, we document the origin of category-selective visual brain responses in infancy, demonstrating the key contribution of other senses. Visual categorization is recorded neurally in 4-mo-old infants presented with rapid trains of natural images of nonface objects. A concurrent maternal odor initiates the neural response to periodically presented face-like objects categorized as faces in the specialized right hemisphere. This observation provides invaluable clues to understand how the developing visual system builds upon multisensory experience to start categorizing ambiguous and complex unimodal sensory inputs. Understanding how the young infant brain starts to categorize the flurry of ambiguous sensory inputs coming in from its complex environment is of primary scientific interest. Here, we test the hypothesis that senses other than vision play a key role in initiating complex visual categorizations in 20 4-mo-old infants exposed either to a baseline odor or to their mother's odor while their electroencephalogram (EEG) is recorded. Various natural images of objects are presented at a 6-Hz rate (six images/second), with face-like object configurations of the same object categories (i.e., eliciting face pareidolia in adults) interleaved every sixth stimulus (i.e., 1 Hz). In the baseline odor context, a weak neural categorization response to face-like stimuli appears at 1 Hz in the EEG frequency spectrum over bilateral occipitotemporal regions. Critically, this face-like–selective response is magnified and becomes right lateralized in the presence of maternal body odor. This reveals that nonvisual cues systematically associated with human faces in the infant's experience shape the interpretation of face-like configurations as faces in the right hemisphere, dominant for face categorization. At the individual level, this intersensory influence is particularly effective when there is no trace of face-like categorization in the baseline odor context. These observations provide evidence for the early tuning of face-(like)–selective activity from multisensory inputs in the developing brain, suggesting that perceptual development integrates information across the senses for efficient category acquisition, with early maturing systems such as olfaction driving the acquisition of categories in later-developing systems such as vision.


There are two basic parts to the behavioral specification of distributed systems: safety and progress. In earlier work, we developed a tool to monitor progress properties of CORBA components specified using the temporal operator transient. In this paper, we address the specification and testing of transient properties that are quantified (over both bounded and unbounded domains). We categorize typical quantifications that arise in practical systems and discuss possible implementation strategies. We define functional transients, a subclass of quantified transient properties that can be monitored in constant space and time. We outline the design and implementation of a tool for testing these properties in CORBA components.


How to develop education,cultivate good habits,which is the basis to build a sound character,to enable students to adapt to social demands,a useful person for the community foundation.Develop a good habit of systematic engineering and implementation,application and perseverance to promote adherence.


The important influence of the relative refractive index of scattering inclusions on energy transport of classical waves through disordered media is clearly demonstrated through ultrasonic experiments on monodisperse emulsions. Our ultrasonic techniques measure both the transmitted average wave field and the multiply scattered diffusive intensity, enabling a full characterization of wave transport through the media and the measurement of both the group and energy velocities over a wide range of frequencies. The emulsions were fabricated using microfluidic techniques that permit accurate control of droplet size and concentration, for droplet inclusions with very different acoustic properties relative to the yield stress fluids in which the droplets were immersed. Thus we have been able to investigate emulsions containing either ``slow'' fluorinated oil droplets (sound speed ${v}_{1}$ less than ${v}_{0}$ of the surrounding fluid) or ``fast'' liquid metallic droplets $({v}_{1}g{v}_{0})$. We find that the energy velocity that describes the transport of energy by the dominant diffusive waves is mainly governed by the sound speed within the scatterers, and can be either much slower or faster than any of the other wave velocities. The possibility that the energy velocity could be faster than any other wave velocity when ${n}_{\text{rel}}={v}_{0}/{v}_{1}l1$ was not anticipated in previous work. These observations are successfully explained by theories that are valid for scalar waves in media containing a low concentration of scatterers, and are directly applicable to our dilute ``all-fluid'' emulsions. The role of droplet resonances on the behavior of the energy velocity is also demonstrated, and the mechanism leading to the large differences in the energy velocity in the two emulsion systems is elucidated through calculations of the energy density inside the droplets relative to the incident energy density.


A novel CMOS low-voltage output stage is proposed which is based on a class AB common source configuration. It provides high drive capability while using output transistors with low aspect ratios. A 2 mA peak-to-peak output current is achieved with a 1.5 V power supply and a maximum aspect ratio of 375/2. The output stage includes a very simple current control which accurately sets the bias conditions.


Objective To discuss the treatment of obstinate acute leukaemia of recurring and effective chemotherapy scheme.Methods 26 cases of obstinate acute and recrudescent leukaemia patients in hospital from 1998 to now was treated by etoposide scheme.Results In 26 cases,CR12 cases,accounts for 46.1%,PR 9 cases,accounts for 34.6%,total efficiency rate 80.8%,the serious myelosuppressive didn't appeared,most patients have symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,etc.Conclusion The etoposide scheme to treat the obstinate acute recrudescent leukaemia has good effect.


This studies were carried out to investgate the effects of omija (Schizandra chinensis) extracts(OE) on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB, HYO-1 and HYO-2) isolated from home-made kimchi. The growth of isolated LAB was inhibited apparently in modified MRS broth containing 1% or 2% of OE. The g...


3,3-Bis[4-(4'-fluorobenzoyl)phenyl]phthalide has been synthesised for the first time; this compound can be used for the preparation of polyarylene-ether ketones by nucleophilic substitution.


To explore more effective treatment method,the research method of randomized block control experiment is adopted to observe the clinical rehabilitation effect of kinesitherapy on lumbar disc herniation patient.The results show that kinesitherapy has gained more obvious rehabilitation effect,and has statistic significance compared with control group(P0.01) and its long-term follow-up result is better than the control group(P0.05).It believes that kinesitherapy can improve the biomechanics function of the spinal column and achieve more durable rehabilitation effect through reducing the neurothlipsis in various degrees and strengthening the stability of the spinal column,which proves that kinesitherapy is a good rehabilitation method for lumbar disc herniation.


The paper deals with copyright protection of performers rights. It defines the term performers rights and discusses the provisions of copyright law which deal with the protection of performers rights. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.28.3.179


Drawing on the framing perspective in the study of social movements, the article discusses the possible links between the concept of anti-politics developed by Czech, Hungarian, and Polish dissidents in the 1970s and 1980s, and formal and informal initiatives of the East-Central European civil societies nowadays. It is argued that the historic notion of anti-politics should be applied in the contemporary research on social movements and on any other form of civil activism in the region since it has immense analytical and methodological importance. It allows researchers to recognize different traits of social activity and civil society specific to East-Central Europe, and explain them in a more comprehensive manner. Referring to the historical concept of anti-politics enables the researchers to identify and appreciate characteristic regional discourses, repertoires, and forms of protest in historical and contemporary social movements and to perceive the continuity between them. It also helps identify the mechanism of civil activism. The article's argument is based on the writings of three dissident movement leaders, namely Vaclav Havel, Gyorgy Konrad, and Jacek Kuron. It is being explained how the concept of anti-politics worked as a collective action frame in the 1980s, and the examples of its legacies within the contemporary formal and informal civil activism are given.


In previous electron cyclotron emission (ece) measurement systems, the antennae used to collect the radiation from the plasma and transmit it to the interferometers has in most cases comprised simply of overmoded light pipe close to the tokamak observation window. This crude arrangement has none the less proved adequate in most systems, primarily because the constraints on the directionality of present receiving systems are not very stringent, and because the length of waveguide runs used is relatively short (and consequently not very lossy).


This exhibition was a collaboration between curator Alice Woodhouse and Dr Kim Trogal, exploring her post doctoral research fellowship at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts London. The exhibition highlighted three objects who's ownership is communal; an off-grid fridge, OpenWare's multifunctional square, and Cube Cola.


Motivated by a recent experiment [Chikkatur, et al. Science, 296, 2193 (2002)] on the merging of atomic condensates, we investigate how two independent condensates with random initial phases can develop a unique relative phase when we move them together. In the adiabatic limit, the uniting of independent condensates can be understood from the eigenstate evolution of the governing Hamiltonian, which maps degenerate states (corresponding to fragmented condensates) to a single state (corresponding to a united condensate) . In the non-adiabatic limit corresponding to the practical experimental configurations, we give an explanation on why we can still get a large condensate fraction with a unique relative phase. Detailed numerical simulations are then performed for the non-adiabatic merging of the condensates, which confirm our explanation and qualitative estimation. The results may have interesting implications for realizing a continuous atom laser based on merging of condensates.


The meeting opened with a welcome to Brighton by Professor R. J. Blin-Stoyle, Dean of the School of Physical Sciences, and was followed by a tour of the buildings of the University of Sussex. After tea, Professor K. F. Smith, Professor of Experimental Physics in the University, described the arrangement of studies in the University, and this was followed by a tour of the laboratories. On the Saturday morning, Mr. F. Oldham was in the chair, and reports were given of the Anglo-Dutch Conference held in Bergen-aan-Zee the previous week.


In this paper, we present a high-speed AES IP-core, which runs at 780 MHz on a 0. 13 /spl mu/m CMOS standard cell library, and which achieves 10 Gbps throughput in all encryption modes, including CBC mode. Although the CBC mode is the most widely used and important, achieving such high throughput was difficult because pipelining techniques cannot be applied. To reduce the propagation delays of the S-Box, the most critical function block, we developed a special circuit architecture that we call twisted-BDD, where the fanout of signals is distributed in the S-Box circuit. Our S-Box is 1.5 to 2 times faster than the conventional S-Box implementations. The T-Box algorithm, which merges the S-Box and another primitive function (MixColumns) into a single function, is also used for an additional speedup.


Spatial seismic-gravity modeling of the deep geological structure within the Obolon depression has been done. Modeling results confirm the validity of assumption that depression has been formed as an impact structure. Features of the rock density distribution within the crystalline basement allowed to specify its tectonic structure and mineral composition and also to determine a probable location of the two parts of meteoritic object.


The article deals with three sources and three components of the formation and development of innovative economy. It is proposed the measures to enhance the competitiveness of the national higher education, to make the transition to the new technological structure, to implement the methods of cognitive management.


The purpose of this study is to find the differences between people walk. To this end, we conducted a motion capture of a number of people. Why finding the differences of such a gait is intended for personal identification. We calculated the Q-angle value of the walking from the motion capture data. Motion Capture has been conducted using the VICON camera and PIG(Plug in Gait) market sets, men and women were captured motion six people each. Typical Q-angle is measured from at the stop state of the standing or lying down. However, we calculate the Q-angle value of the gait for personal identification. The women Q-angle are greater than men's Q-angle. In this study, the trend was similar. And we were able to find the value of q-angle is also larger than the left leg to the right leg. And, we will go step closer to developing a personal identification algorithms based on these results.


Forty strains of motile Aeromonas were isolated from healthy and diseased fish. These strains were identified as A. hydrophila or a A. sobria. It was found that only strains of A. hydrophila produced a dermonecrotic factor and two zones of hemolysis on blood agar. All the strains of A. sobria tested and 72% of the A. hydrophila were enterotoxigenic. Finally, we observed that only A. hydrophila strains could regularly produce hemolysin at 10 degrees C.


Land cover is a fundamental variable of the Earth's system intimately connected with many parts of the human and physical environment. Recent advances in remote sensor technology have led to the launch of spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing sensors, such as Hyperion. The present study is exploring the potential of Hyperion hyperspectral imagery combined with the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vectors Machine (SVMs) pixel-based classifiers in obtaining land cover cartography. A typical Mediterranean setting was selected as a case study, located close to the capital of Greece. Validation of the derived thematic maps was performed on the basis of the error matrix statistics using for consistency the same set of validation points. Both classifiers produced generally reasonable results with the SVMs however significantly outperforming the SAM in both overall classification accuracy and kappa coefficient. The higher classification accuracy by SVMs was attributed principally to the classifier ability to identify an optimal separating hyperplane for classes' separation which allows a low generalization error, thus producing the best possible classes' separation. Yet, as a shortcoming of both classifiers was that none of them operates on a sub-pixel level, that potentially reduces their accuracy as a result of spectral mixing problems that can be commonly found in coarse spatial resolution imagery and at fragmented landscapes.


Metal impurities, gold and nickel, have been deliberately introduced into boron-nitride (BN) sheets. The structural and topographic properties of doped BN have been studied by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Analysis revealed that metal atoms cluster preferentially in/on contaminated areas. The metal coverage on BN is almost the same for the same evaporated amount of 1 Å.


Despite the prominent role played by bibliometric indicators for evaluating research, progress in pinning down the determinants of citation ows has so far been hindered by endogeneity issues. Based on 30 years of bibliometric data, we exploit a Regression Discontinuity Design to causally identify the effects that an article featured on the cover of the journal Nature has on citations to all articles by its authors. We confirm that, over time, cover articles are cited significantly more than non-cover articles, with this difference being long-lasting. However, when considering all articles by Nature authors, we find evidence of a crowding-out effect: the publication of a cover article causes citations to previous articles by its authors to decline sharply relative to citations to articles by non-cover authors.


In prior work we have introduced an asymptotic threshold of sufficient randomness for causal inference from observational data. In this paper we extend that prior work in three main ways. First, we show how to empirically estimate a lower bound for the randomness from measures of concordance transported from studies of monozygotic twins. Second, we generalize our methodology for application on a finite population and we introduce methods to implement finite population corrections. Third, we generalize our methodology in another direction by incorporating measured covariate data into the analysis. The first extension represents a proof of concept that observational causality testing is possible. The second and third extensions help to make observational causality testing more practical. As a theoretical and indirect consequence of the third extension we formulate and introduce a novel criterion for covariate selection. We demonstrate our proposed methodology for observational causality testing with numerous example applications.


Presenting financial knowledge and skills remains the condition for proper management of personal finance in a household and protects against financial exclusion. The purpose of this article is to diagnose the level of financial literacy among young people and to present the selected educational activities addressed to young Poles, which are supposed to improve their financial knowledge and skills. The review of the existing research and the results of the conducted survey confirm that financial literacy of young people in the Lower Silesia region is insufficient. Polish financial institutions perceive the need for implementing various mechanisms to upgrade the financial awareness among young people, however, the scale of carried out educational activities is far too small against the existing needs as well as characterized by randomness.


ABSTRACT Study aims at selecting the suitable shear modulus reduction and damping curve for broad classification of soil, i.e., rock, gravel, sand, and clay. For this purpose, surface and bedrock ground motion recordings from KiK-Net downhole array for both deep and shallow soil sites have been used. Total stress one-dimensional non-linear site-response analysis has been carried out by varying the available curves for a corresponding soil type. Input parameters for few curves have been determined using parametric study. Linear mixed-effect models on residuals from predicted and recorded surface spectra have been used in suggesting the suitable curve for corresponding soil.


In this paper, the complicated motion equations are established based on the dynamic characteristics of the return flying vehicle. This model is incorporated into an optimal control formulation that includes constraints on both the vehicle and mission parameters, such as the height, velocity, range, heat rate, aerodynamic load and dynamic pressure capability. How these models are appropriately employed is key to gaining confidence in the results and conclusions of the research. The resulting analysis demonstrates that the design method has good engineering application value.


The paper presents an overview of deinked pulp bleaching technology; typical chemicals and application are particularly introduced. The article also compares the bleaching efficiency of those methods discussed.


Statistical time series forecasting is a useful tool for predicting air pollutant concentrations in urban areas, especially in emerging economies, where the capacity to implement comprehensive air quality models is limited. In this study, a general multiple regression with seasonal autoregressive moving average errors model was estimated and implemented to forecast maximum ozone concentrations with a short time resolution: overnight, morning, afternoon and evening. In contrast to a number of short-term air quality time series forecasting applications, the model was designed to explicitly include the effects of meteorological variables on the ozone level as exogenous variables. As the application location, the model was constructed with data from five monitoring stations in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area of Mexico. The results show that, together with structural stochastic components, meteorological parameters have a significant contribution for obtaining reliable forecasts. The resulting model is an interpretable, useful and easily implementable model for forecasting ozone maxima. Moreover, it proved to be consistent with the general dynamics of ozone formation and provides a suitable platform for forecasting, showing similar or better performance compared to models in other existing studies.


Stated preference (SP) methods have been used extensively in transport research and elsewhere, both to forecast demand and to value the importance attached to different product features and travel attributes. Before introducing new or refurbished rolling stock as part of their franchises, British Train Operating Companies (TOCs) have often carried out SP surveys to investigate passenger preferences and to test whether the improvement of the fleet and services is enough to recover the cost through increased fares and patronage and thus to evaluate the costs and benefits of this investment. The rolling stock value derived from SP results is used not only for welfare appraisal and pricing but also for rail demand forecasting. Alongside the broader acceptance and wider application of SP methods, some practitioners have argued for greater openness in discussing what they have seen as significant concerns surrounding SP. The issue of the strategic biasing of SP responses was specifically addressed by examining the incentive compatibility of SP responses related to task complexity and the presence of specific antibias warnings in the questionnaire. Methods to amend incentive to bias were suggested. Adding cheap talk script reduces the overestimation of valuation of improved rolling stock in the case study; however, bias may remain. Adding more attributes to the SP experiment does not show a significant impact on the estimation bias, but contributes to a higher error variance in responses.


Mean temperature increase over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) land areas during warm seasons enhances frequency of extreme warm events (e.g. Russian heat wave in 2010; 1). Human influences on Earth's climate have been detected in observational records since the late 20th century. During the past 15 years, the increase in global surface air temperature (SAT) has slowed (called hiatus; 2) whereas observations show a continuous increase in summertime (June-July-August, JJA) land-mean SAT and the frequency of hot summers over the NH land areas. This discrepancy represents that some other factors except global sea surface temperature (SST) can influence on the increasing frequency of hot summers. The recent phase shifts of the decadal and multidecadal SST variabilities in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans could have influenced the mean SAT and extreme events over the land. For attributing the recent increase in NH hot summers, we performed three sets of ensemble simulations for 1949-2011 using an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). An ensemble driven by prescribed observed SST, sea-ice concentration, and radiative forcing agents, reproduces well the observed SAT time series over the NH land. Simulated anomalies can be decomposed into three components: anthropogenic influence via SST increase (ASST); direct effect of anthropogenic forcing including GHG radiative forcing (ADIR); and natural climate forcing and internal SST variability (NAT). The decomposition is made by conducting two additional ensemble, one with prescribed GHGs at the pre-industrial level and the other similar to the SST run but without human induced components in SST and sea ice have been removed. The model simulates well 1) the long-term increase of the frequency of hot summers and 2) the recent increase during the hiatus period. Both ASST and ADIR contribute to 1). Particularly, the ADIR effect is the dominant factor for the middle and high latitude land areas, consistent with earlier studies presenting the ADIR effects for increase in mean land SAT during warm seasons (3, 4). In contrast, the NAT effect is essential for 2). The recent SST variabilities in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are characterized by the negative phase of PDO and the positive phase of AMO. Atmospheric teleconnection patterns associated with these SST variabilities result in low SAT over the Canada and high SAT over the United State middle latitude. In addition, the warm SST in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea contribute to high SAT over the Europe. The recent decadal and multidecadal variabilities in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans contribute to the increase in land SAT and frequency of hot summers over the NH middle latitude despite the recent climate hiatus. In the recent future, global and regional frequencies of hot summers can be influenced largely by phase shifts of decadal and multidecadal SST variabilities in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.


-The FEA is a numerical procedure for analysing structure of complicated shapes to apply complex loading condition and predict stress lavel.it works on the principle of divide the rule that is transformed a physical system having infinite unknowns into small finite elements having finite number of unknowns. It's called meshing. Accuracy of the FEA result will depends on the quality of mesh. Selection of meshing method, element size and element shape are most crucial steps in the FEA analysis. More number of elements more accurate is the results; however this also increases the calculation required for the solution. An acceptance criterion of result is to check convergence error for each iteration. Order of element is also important is also important for the stress prediction in complex loading condition. This paper represents the successful attempt to give detailed guideline about the selection of meshing method, element size meshing quality, meshing refinement and effect of it on the accuracy of the FEA analysis result.


By analyzing short circuit current, impedance of traction power network and short circuit current measurement for relay protection in 27.5 kV AT power supply system, it concludes that this AT system is essentially identical to the normal AT system. The only difference is: the withstanding short circuit current of first winding of AT is two times of that of normal AT system when short circuit being occurred between rail and positive feeder.


To make clear the effects of residual stress and work hardening on intergranular stress corrosion cracking behavior in the welds of the austenitic stainless steel with surface hardening, residual stress and hardness in butt joints of pipes are evaluated by 3-dimentional thermal elastic-plastic analysis and the grain boundary sliding behavior is examined using constant strain rate tensile test. Based on these results, the mechanism of IGSCC has been clarified by the integrated knowledge between metallurgy and mechanics. The relationship between plastic strain and hardness in hard-machined surface near welds is clarified from the experimented relationship and the thermal elastic-plastic analysis. The distributions of hardness and residual stress with the actual surface machining could be evaluated. It was made clear that grain boundary sliding occurred in the steel at 561K by a constant strain rate tensile test with the numerically simulated tensile residual stress due to welding and surface machining. From the comparison of grain boundary sliding behavior between solution treated specimen and cold-rolled one, the grain boundary sliding in cold-rolled one occurs in smaller strain conditions than that in solution treated one, and the amount of grain boundary sliding in cold-rolled one increases remarkably with increase in added strain. In addition, it is clarified that the grain boundary energy is raised by the grain boundary sliding. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that the cause of intergranular stress corrosion cracking in the welds of Type 316L austenitic stainless steel with surface hardening is the increase in grain boundary energy due to grain boundary sliding accelerated by residual stress of multi pass welding and surface hardening.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The Portugal Open Access Science Repository (Repositorio Cientifico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal- RCAAP) is an initiative which aims to increase the visibility, accessibility and dissemination of Portuguese research, to facilitate access to information regarding the Portuguese scientific output, as well as to integrate Portugal in the wide range of international initiatives in this domain. RCAAP is an initiative of UMIC - The Knowledge Society Agency, developed by FCCN - The National Foundation for Scientific Computation, offering an advanced service on the Portuguese Network of Science and Education (Rede de Ciencia e Educacao). This article details the RCAAP's objectives and its services.


The economic advantages of applying low-powered digital radio in the last 1000 ft of the telephone local loop are investigated. The local loops in this study serve subscribers in a newly developed subdivision. The loop facility to accomplish this consists of two components. The first is a digital multiplexed cable carrier system from the central office to various radio ports strategically located in the service area. The second consists of low-powered, digital, multiple-access radio links which connect subscribers to the radio ports. The radio loop facility was configured to provide service only to subscribers within the boundaries of the subdivision. The results of the economic study showed that radio technology has the potential of being a viable alternative to a conventional metallic cable facility. The degree of attractiveness depends upon the system design (number of radio ports required).<<ETX>>


A novel hybrid multiple nanowire (NW) channels lateral diffused MOS (LDMOS) with extended drift, which combines the advantages of high breakdown voltage, low specific on-resistance, and superior electrical characteristics is presented. This hybrid NW LDMOS based on polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor exhibits a high ON/OFF ratio , a low subthreshold slope of 192.6 mV/decade, a high breakdown voltage of 272.6 V, and low specific on-resistance of 161.8 mΩ-cm2.


Palgrave Macmillan This book was written mainly for teachers in university departments, although it would also be valuable for research students. I read this book from the perspective of a researcher in the particular field who is trying to see "where we are" concerning teaching and learning in HE. The book provides a comprehensive and thorough look at the field of learning and teaching that smoothly brings together educational psychology, pedagogy and education. Throughout the book, the theory and the empirical findings are intertwined comprehensively and the research findings provide a sound basis for the theoretical and practical suggestions for teaching for understanding. Entwistle's suggestions for teaching for understanding bring to the current literature a fresh pedagogic theoretical look and are thoughtfully accommodated in a scholarly


Much of the success in growing wheat plants depend upon preparing the kind of seed bed which will give the plant good start, seeding correctly, and cultivating the crop which need it after coming up. While in the warmer districts in this country, there is no timme to practice a correct preparation of seed bed, in order to short the time after the harvest of preceding rice crops, so that the start of tillering is evidently later than that of cooler districts. In order to determine what effects the small ridge of soil had on wheat plants, we heaped up the soil at the north side of the seeding stripe at the time of soil preparation. In the early stage of growth, the number of tillers of wheat plants in the plot mentioned above was larger than that of control one, as shown in the figure. While in the later stage of growth, the number of tillers in the former plot became less than the latter. This difference in number of tillers in adult stage, was induced by the depth of crown of seedlings under the soil surface, which has been deeper in the case of protected plants, than the control one, owing to gradual collapse of soil ridge by wind and rain.


PreviewAlthough benign in and of themselves, many common diseases of the uterine cervix are precursors of neoplasia. Thus, their prompt, accurate diagnosis, with special attention paid to excluding malignancy, is essential. In this article, Drs Selim and Shalodi assert that cytology alone is not equal to the task. Only when it is supplemented with colposcopy and, in particular, colposcopically directed biopsy can diagnostic reliability be assured.


The invention of the sound source signal present in that, each leg sound signal correcting method for each size interval of the sound source signal obtained by the microphone array according to the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for correcting a sound signal obtained through the microphone array, calculating the probability distribution representing the number of a probability, and calculates the probability based on the probability distribution representing the distribution calculated by correcting the sound source signal according to the calculation based on probability distribution, constituting the microphone array from the digital device acquisition source due to the properties mismatch between individual microphone is eliminated a problem that the sound source signal distortion. A microphone array, the correction, the probability distribution, histogram, a non-linear transformation


This paper proposes a fusion algorithm based on principal component averaging and discrete wavelet transform for multiple magnetic resonance (MR) images. Principal components are evaluated for the covariance matrix of three or more source images of MR T1 and MR T2 modes. Normalized Eigen values of the covariance matrix of the source images contribute linear weights for the fusion rule. This fusion algorithm provides a meaningful replacement for viewing multiple MR images by means of a composite fused image. Image fusion is carried out for the three and four source image combinations. Performance of the fusion algorithm is evaluated using fusion factor, average quality index and figure of merit. The evaluated metrics sufficiently prove that the proposed fusion method delivers better fusion outcomes for the fusion of four source images.


Before the release of the IFRS 9 Financial Instruments standard in 2014, the development of ranking mechanisms was mostly known through the Basel capital accords requirements for the computation of regulatory capital, as well as the economic capital models used for the estimation of internal capital needs. Most institutions would have been relying on application scorecards for ranking clients at application and assess their suitability to be granted a loan in line with their own risk tolerance. However, only a small number of institutions would have relied on behavioral scorecards. Both the Basel III Internal Rating Based Approach (IRBA) and IFRS 9 are principle based and offer their users a variety of modelling approaches. Hence, financial institutions are allowed to implement their own rating models. However, under IRBA the rating system must meet specific minimum requirements which are not required under IFRS 9. The article focuses on highlighting a variety of rating methods and systems applicable under the IFRS 9 framework. Hence, it presents a series of statistical and non-statistical models for building and estimating the rating system. Furthermore, the benefits and drawbacks are presented for each approach. The paper concludes with an analysis of the models under the IFRS 9 framework.


James Madison believed that political institutions are not the effects of conflicts among private groups in society. He traced political authority to human nature. It is the ultimate source of both public opinion and the motives which impel some individuals to hold government offices. Prudently contrived governmental institutions can moderate the countervailing tendencies arising from these two sources of authority, although they are necessarily in a state of continuing tension. Strict accountability of representatives to the whole range of diverse opinion in society is in conflict with the tendency of government to become autonomous. The latter tendency follows from government's using its power to establish the fiscal and military institutions required to wage war. By doing so a government may Creole a new political equilibrium which is masked by apparent adherence to established constitutional balance and is then independent of the balance of private property.


The emergence ad origin of complexity were analyzed in detail. The implication and relationship between systematical science and systematical biology were discussed deeply based on study of complexity.


A nonlinear six degrees of freedom dynamics model of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) with wind effects and its flight simulation analysis are presented.Firstly,the Von Kaman model of atmosphere disturbance is described.Then,the nonlinear six degrees of freedom dynamics model of the UAV is derived.Finally,flight simulations of the UAV under atmosphere disturbance are done.The results show that the model is valid and accurate.The atmosphere disturbance will induce vibration on motion parameters.Under the same power spectral density,the effects of atmosphere disturbance are different according to the orientations.Groundspeed heading is not identical with airspeed heading under atmosphere disturbance,and the effect of cross disturbance on heading is the most remarkable.


Recombinant α-synuclein protein(SNCP)and 14-3-3 protein,two proteins implicated in Parkinson's disease(PD),were expressed in E.coli DH 5α and purified by glutathione-Sepharose-4B.Purified GST-14-3-3 protein and SNCP were obtained by cleavage with thrombin.To investigate the interaction between SNCP and 14-3-3 protein,immuno-precipitation,GST pull-down and ELISA tests were used.The results showed that the purified full length SNCP interacted with 14-3-3 protein.The possible interaction between native protein extracts from brain tissues was observed.Further His pull-down experiments verified evidences of molecular interaction between SNCP and endogenously expressed 14-3-3 proteins.These results propose reliable experimenta data for the molecular interaction of SNCP with 14-3-3 protein in vivo,and provide experimental foundation for further study of SNCP's biological functions and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.


The Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (the BGK, the Bank) has been established by the state to realize a public mission, in particular by financially supporting the government's economic policy, which provides a link to the institution's prewar traditions. The main activity objectives of the Bank, in the scope specified in the Act and separate provisions, include support for governmental social and economic programmes as well as local government and regional development programmes.


We examine the main items on the European and the Italian Digital Agenda and the rules of the Digital Administration Code, in particular on-line payments. We then highlight the part played by the Bank of Italy in overall administrative modernization through its role as provider of the State Treasury service. We analyse the latest international studies on e-government, comment on the data from the Banki?½s survey on local government computerization in order to see how innovation can affect local authoritiesi?½ on-line services, and offer some considerations on the outlook for the government payments system.


Abstract Mesoscale deformation in fold-thrust belts and foreland areas occurs during the interaction of evolving stress regimes and mechanical stratigraphy, leading to a progressive deformation sequence. Tensile, hybrid, shear, compactive shear, and compactive failure may all occur in a thrust faulting stress and deformation regime, often contemporaneously in adjacent layers. Mesostructural studies, however, typically identify structural suites that appear inconsistent with a thrust faulting stress regime, such as vertical opening-mode fractures, normal faults, and strike-slip faults. We present a conceptual model that considers the progressive sequence associated with development and eventual waning of fold-thrust belt activity. The general sequence consists of five stages: (1) burial deformation in a normal faulting stress regime, (2) early horizontal contractional deformation in a strike-slip stress regime, (3) horizontal contractional deformation in a thrust faulting stress regime, (4) late horizontal contractional deformation and initial relaxation in a strike-slip stress regime, and (5) horizontal extensional deformation in a normal faulting stress regime. This sequence can be recognized in horizontal or subhorizontal strata in fold-thrust belts and foreland areas, and in more structurally complex structural positions. This model explains common suites of mesostructures, and can be used to (i) predict mesostructural suites in different structural positions, (ii) explain apparently anomalous, but inherited, structures, and (iii) infer paleostress history.


The sensor unit 100 to measure the amount of impact A, B through the two axes crossing in a diagonal direction; And a control unit 300 for determining whether operation of the measured A, use B to calculate the impulse Y of the impulse X and a width direction in the longitudinal direction and, using the impulse direction and the collision protection of the impact device; including the collision detection system of the vehicle to be introduced. According to the vehicle collision detection system, it is possible to get more reliable operation of the system by implementing the safing logic, the number of sensors is reduced airborne manufacturing cost and reduced operation, through a reduced sensor. A vehicle collision, air bag sensors, safing logic


We compute trivariate probability distributions in the landscape, scanning simultaneously over the cosmological constant, the primordial density contrast, and spatial curvature. We consider two different measures for regulating the divergences of eternal inflation, and three different models for observers. In one model, observers are assumed to arise in proportion to the entropy produced by stars; in the others, they arise at a fixed time (5 or 10x10{sup 9} years) after star formation. The star formation rate, which underlies all our observer models, depends sensitively on the three scanning parameters. We employ a recently developed model of star formation in the multiverse, a considerable refinement over previous treatments of the astrophysical and cosmological properties of different pocket universes. For each combination of observer model and measure, we display all single and bivariate probability distributions, both with the remaining parameter(s) held fixed and marginalized. Our results depend only weakly on the observer model but more strongly on the measure. Using the causal diamond measure, the observed parameter values (or bounds) lie within the central 2{sigma} of nearly all probability distributions we compute, and always within 3{sigma}. This success is encouraging and rather nontrivial, considering the large size and dimension of the parametermore » space. The causal patch measure gives similar results as long as curvature is negligible. If curvature dominates, the causal patch leads to a novel runaway: it prefers a negative value of the cosmological constant, with the smallest magnitude available in the landscape.« less


There seems to be rumble in research; widespread funding fetishism, irreproducibility and the lack of quality control by peer-reviewers recently gained attention in the media. October's article Trouble at the Lab in The Economist tried to support its provocative headline by revealing sore spots in scientific research, but fails in its how-to-fix-it. To overcome irreproducibility and poor quality checking concerning rashly published miracles, universities should therefore investigate possibilities of funding graduate students in reproducing already existing results. This disarmingly simple approach has the promise of tackling nonreplication and awry trust by involving future scientists as a novel mechanism of quality control.


Objective: To investigate the correlation between anlde-brachial index (ABI) and intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: The ABI of 73 patients with ischemic stroke were detected using vascular Doppler ultrasound; head magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed using a 1. 5 T magnetic resonance imaging system, and the extent of intracranial artery stenosis was graded, The correlation between ABI and the grade of intracranial artery stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke was analyzed. Restdts: The ABI in patients without intracranial artery stenosis (n = 38) was significantly higher than those with intracranial artery stenosis (n = 35) (0. 975 ±0.114 vs 0.837 ± 0. 096, P 〈 0.001 ). The AB1 was significantly negatively correlated with the extent of intracranial artery stenosis (r = -0. 736, P = 0. 001 ). Conclusions: The ABI was negatively correlated with the extent of intracranial artery stenosis. It can be used as a preliminary screening means of intracranial atherosclerosis.

Key words:
ankle-brachial index;  ischemic stroke;  atherosclerosis;  magnetic resonance angiog-raphy


We extend the definition of Khovanov-Lee homology to links in connected sums of $S^1 \times S^2$'s, and construct a Rasmussen-type invariant for null-homologous links in these manifolds. For certain links in $S^1 \times S^2$, we compute the invariant by reinterpreting it in terms of Hochschild homology. As applications, we prove inequalities relating the Rasmussen-type invariant to the genus of surfaces with boundary in the following four-manifolds: $B^2 \times S^2$, $S^1 \times B^3$, $\mathbb{CP}^2$, and various connected sums and boundary sums of these. We deduce that Rasmussen's invariant also gives genus bounds for surfaces inside homotopy 4-balls obtained from $B^4$ by Gluck twists. Therefore, it cannot be used to prove that such homotopy 4-balls are non-standard.


The motor has a tubular motor housing (1) fixed over a torque support (5), and an output side coupled with a winding shaft (4) by an actuator (6). The actuator is axially mounted on the output side with respect to an output side axis and relatively towards the output side in different angular positions on the output side. The actuator mounted in a freewheel angular position is coupled with the output side by a freewheel with a freewheel angle in a torque proof manner, where the freewheel position is displaced with respect to a base angular position.


Microalgal pigment composition, photosynthetic characteristics, single‐cell absorption efficiency (Qa(λ)) spectra, and fluorescence‐excitation (FE) spectra were determined for platelet ice and benthic communities underlying fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during austral spring 1988. Measurements of spectral irradiance (E(λ)) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as well as samples for particulate absorption measurements were taken directly under the congelation ice, within the platelet layer, as profiles vertically through the water column, and at the benihic surface. Light attenuation by.sea ice, algal pigments, and particulates reduced PAR reaching the platelet ice layer to 3%(9–33 fimol photons m‐2‐−s‐1) of surface values and narrowed its spectral distribution to a band between 400 and 580 nm. Attenuation by the water column further reduced PAR reaching the sea floor (28–m depth) to 0.05% of surface levels (< 1 μmol photons m‐2 s‐1), with a spectral distribution dominated by 470–580–nm wavelengths. The photoadaptive index (I) for platelet ice algae (5.9–12.6 μmol photons m‐2.s‐1) was similar to ambient PAR, indicating that algae had acclimated to their light environment (i.e. the algae were light‐replete). Maximum Qa(λ) at the blue absorption peak (440 nm) was 0.63, and enhanced absorption was observed from 460–500 nm and was consistent with observed high cellular chlorophyll (chi) c:chl a and fucoxanthin: chl a molar ratios (0.4 and 1.2, respectively). Benthic algae were light‐limited despite the maintenance of very low Ik values (4–11 μmol photons.m‐2.s‐1). Extremely high fucoxanthin: chi a ratios (1.6) in benthic algae produced enhanced green light absorption, resulting in a high degree of complementation between algal absorption and ambient spectral irradiance. Qa(λ) values for benthic algae were maximal (0.9) between 400 and 510 nm but remained >0.35 even at absorption minima. Strong spectral flattening, a characteristic of intense pigment packaging, was also apparent in the Qa(λ) spectra for benthic algae. FE and Qa(λ) spectra were similar in shape for platelet ice algae, indicating that the efficiency at which absorbed energy was


Abstract 500 cases of back sprains sustained in motor vehicle accidents were studied over a period of 5 years to determine which factors affected the length of time off work. Radiation of back pain into the lower limbs was associated with a longer mean time off work than those in whom the pain was confined to the back. Those in the younger age groups took relatively less time off work than those in the older age groups. There was little relationship between occupation and mean time off work. Those who drove for a living took the greatest mean time away from work but this trend was not statistically significant. Work of a heavy manual nature did not militate against a relatively early return to work.


The first step toward integrating natural resources into national income accounts is to assign values to these resources and the services they provide, a task that is especially difficult with natural resources that do not flow through the marketplace. Using Indonesia's timber and petroleum industries as models, the author has tested and applied a new methodology for integrating natural resource depletion into a revised national income accounting system that can more accurately reflect economic reality.


The blood meal sizes of field and laboratory mosquito populations attracted to stable traps baited with restrained or unrestrained rabbits were measured. Mosquitoes feeding on the unrestrained host were influenced by its defensive behavior; feeding success was significantly reduced compared to that of females feeding on a restrained host. The amount of blood ingested from the defensive hosts was also significantly reduced, except for Aedes sollicitans which fed fully even when the host was active. The implications of the data for multiple feeding behavior are discussed.


Through taking a series of measures,such as adding a 121 m2 electric dust separator,designing filter's material and core,changing the system of gas supply,controlling purge ash from dust catcher,rebuilding gather gas housing and pipe etc,Laiwu Steel rebuilt electric dust separator to an electric shock bag composite dust separator.After the transformation,dust discharge met the discharging standard,the concentration of the dust was less than 30 mg/m3,the intactness rate of the bag hold at 99%,running cost was reduced by 475 thousand Yuan every year.


The file includes an expandable pocket 20 defined between front and rear panels 14,16 and gusset 18. A smaller width expandable pocket 38, defined by a panel 34 and sidewall 36, is attached to the front panel 14. The opening to the smaller pocket can be closed by a tongue 26 extending from the front panel 14. The corner of the gusset 18 is reinforced by a tape 80 of transparent polyester film. The pockets may be closed by a cover (64,Fig 7).


This article investigates guilds in medieval Strasburg, analyzing their function and significance within the context of local political and constitutional history. Demonstrating that guilds were a fundamental element of this medieval community, the study traces their powerful influence on economic life, politics, social welfare, and popular piety, as well as on legal jurisdiction and advocacy. The microhistorical and prosopographical methods applied here reveal an extraordinary dynamism within such social groups, a quality which has been hitherto overlooked by scholars. This very flexibility and versatility, moreover, was crucial to the enduring success of guilds as a model for corporate life in and beyond the Middle Ages.


A dispersion diagram is useful in interpreting the characteristics of a periodic structure. In particular, the fast-wave region, where the wave is radiating, and the slow-wave region, where the wave is guided, can be determined from the dispersion diagram. An electronically-controlled composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) was previously proposed and utilized as a leaky-wave (LW) antenna operating in the fast-wave region. However, since a guided-wave application operates in the slow-wave region, it is meaningful to study slow-wave effects of the proposed TL. In this paper, the dispersion diagram is used to investigate the slow-wave factor (SWF), which is necessary to understand the fast/slow-wave operations. Furthermore, the frequency characteristics are measured to find the cut-off frequencies in the LH and RH regions. Based on experimental results, it is observed at a fixed frequency, 2.6-GHz, that the phase of a proposed 6-cell structure can be changed by up to 280° in the LH slow-wave region.


The growth direction and morphology of ZnO nanostructures synthesized by gas reactions between Zn and O vapor can be modulated by changing the rela- tive gas content of Zn and O in the reaction atmosphere. Dominant nanostructures of ZnO nanotubes and ZnO/Zn nanocables with (1120) growth direction were ob- tained under the oxygen-shortage condition, while mainly ZnO nanowires with (0001) growth direction were obtained under the situation of O abundance.


The invention discloses a flip chip type LED chip. The flip chip type LED chip comprises a substrate, and an anode, an isolation region and a cathode which are sequentially arranged at a front face of the substrate along the horizontal direction, wherein the horizontal direction is parallel with the front face of the substrate, the vertical projection of the isolation region on the front face of the substrate is between vertical projections of the anode and the cathode on the front face of the substrate, and the center line of the isolation region on the horizontal direction and the vertical projection of a diagonal line of the flip chip type LED chip on the front face of the substrate are mutually overlapped. According to the flip chip type LED chip, the distance from the anode to the cathode can be made to be longest, the optimum welding effect can be realized when a traditional LED automatic chip die bonder is utilized for production, and thereby mutual conduction of the anode and the cathode can be avoided during packaging of flip chip LEDs, and the packaging yield rate of the flip chip LEDs is improved.


Current study examines the relationship of twin deficit with stock market for Pakistan from 1992 to 2012.The results of ADF test shows that variables are not integrate at same order; hence, ARDL approach is used to examine the long run relationship among variables. The result of bound test rejects the null hypothesis of no Cointegration among variables and long run model shows positive relationship of twin deficit for Pakistan. In short run the results remain same and disequilibrium in short run is adjusted rapidly back towards long run. The positive and significant relation of twin deficit with stock market for Pakistan is due to high development expenditures, increasing debt level, and incoming of foreign aid and assistance. Government must adopt solid tactic to cut down its expenditures and utilized scare resources to reduce twin deficit, as stock market of Pakistan is highly volatile.


The present invention is easy to machine at an intermediate stage of crystallization, after fully crystallized, has high translucency with high strength, high-quartz solid solution system that produces a chemically stable glass ceramic magnesium oxide - about silicon oxide glass or glass ceramic - aluminum oxide. The glass or glass ceramic is phosphorus, further comprising a mixture of titanium and zirconium or both.


Novel expressions for the multivariate probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF) and moment generating function (MGF) of arbitrarily correlated and unbalanced α - μ fading channels are derived. The derived expressions are expressed in terms of well known functions which are available in common mathematical software. The new results are then used to derive the MGF of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the equal gain combiner (EGC) output. For such a scenario, the derived MGF of the SNR at the EGC output is used directly to evaluate the average bit error probability for differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) signals, with postdetection diversity reception and combining over additive white Gaussian noise and slow nonselective arbitrarily correlated and unbalanced α - μ fading channels.


The existing research on contextual sources of support for populist parties has revolved around two factors: the unemployment rate and the size of immigrant groups. Conceived as residential characteristics, observation of these factors has been seen to increase support for radical parties in Western European countries. We identify different contextual (non-individual) drivers of support for populist parties in the post-communist Czech Republic (Czechia). Based on a large sample of voters (n = 23,734), we identify the (contextual) effect of economic hardship and demographic decline on support for populist parties. We interpret these results as supporting the theory of regional peripheralization. This peripheralization has been identified to be particularly strong in the post-communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and has widened regional socio-economic disparities in this region. We show how these processes have affected voting behaviour and support for political parties. In a second step, we use a sample from eastern Germany (n = 524) to test whether peripheralization affects support for populist parties in other post-communist regions. The results confirm the hypothesis also in the case of east Germany. Our study contributes to the debate by pointing out a novel mechanism that leads to increased support for radical and moderate populist parties.


On beginning to read any of Gabriel Josipovici's fiction, there is a multiple awareness, based on past experience, of aspects that lie ahead: tension felt as one is led through the material; a vertiginous aspect to the experience; renewed enjoyment in the language; and the re-enforced knowledge that whatever surety we possess on the edge of the first page will be turned inside out, undermined, transformed, and left more in the air by the last page. Small wonder, then, that in the "self-impoverished narrowness of mainstream British so-called 'literary' literature, its obsession with Amises and McEwans, its deliberate ignorance of so much else," as Jenny Turner put it in her review of Tom McCarthy's C (2011) for the London Review of Books, there is little discussion of Josipovici. In 2010 alone, he put out Heart's Wing and Other Stories, Only Joking (a comic novel), and the critical work What Ever Happened to Modernism?, which earned him some notoriety (yet he isn't noticed by, for example, Booker Prize judges). Infinity: The Story of a Moment from the start raises questions unresolved at the end. A former manservant, Massimo, of a dead Sicilian composer named Tancredo Pavone, is interviewed by an unnamed person about the life of the seemingly misunderstood, principled aristocrat whose compositions slowly garnered interest over time. (A note at the back of the book states that the life and writings of a real composer, Giacinto Scelsi, have been used, loosely, in creating the character.) We aren't told the purpose of the interview, though we know that, as the composer died of natural causes, there's nothing criminal in this regard. (Massimo's contact with another employee of Pavone, Miss Mauss, the nature of which goes unstated, does seem to edge near the criminal: "Nothing was ever proved, I said," in his words.) The interviewer alternates between encouragement, exasperation, and unseemly prying.


Finger millet is one of the important small millets cultivated in many South Asian and African countries. An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of processing on physical characteristics of finger millet varieties. Five varieties of finger millet namely GPU 66, GPU 67, GPU 71, MR 6 and PR 202 were investigated for their physical characteristics before and after processing such as malting and popping. Colour, 1000 seed weight, 1000 seed volume, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, swelling index, specific gravity, bulk density, percent germination, malt recovery and percent popping were analysed for raw, malted and popped finger millet varieties. Among these physical characteristics 1000 seed weight, 1000 seed volume, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, swelling index of germinated was found to be higher followed by raw and popped finger millet varieties. However the mean specific gravity and bulk density was found to be high in raw followed by malted and popped. The mean percent germination (99.0 %), malt recovery (82.0 %) and popping (76.0 %) was found to be higher in GPU 71.


The in vitro activity of 6- [D-a-(3 guanylureido)-phenylacetamido]-penicillanic acid (BL-P1654) was evaluated against 117 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, many of which were known to be resistant to both gentamicin and carbenicillin. BL-P1654 was two to eight times more active than carbenicillin against P. aeruginosa. However, all 28 highly carbenicillin-resistant isolates (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC ] > 500 ,ug/ml) were also highly resistant to BL-P1654. When an MIC of 32 ug/ml or less and a zone of inhibition of 12 mm or more by a 10-jg disk were used as criteria indicating susceptibility to BL-P1654, the false-resistance rate by the disk test was 10.6% and the false-susceptibility rate was 4.2%. The combination of BL-P1654 and gentamicin was synergistic against 45 of 70 isolates of P. aeruginosa tested, but synergism was demonstrated against only 4 of 24 highly gentamicin-resistant (MIC > 63 gg/ml), 1 of 12 highly BL-P1654-resistant (MIC > 250 Ag/ml) isolates, and none of nine isolates highly resistant to both of these antibiotics. cin. The conventional checkerboard technique (12) using the same ICS agar dilution method was em-ployed. The antibiotics were defined as synergistic when the addition of one antibiotic in the concentration of four times less than the MIC resulted in a fourfold or more decrease in the MIC of the second antibiotic.


Phase Diagrams involves careful mapping of a system involving surfactant/ water/ oil/ cosurfactant, for understanding aspects of microemulsion formation The phase diagram approach to study microemulsions for four component system was introduced by Gillberg, who demonstrated the identity of w/o microemulsions [Gillberg et al. , 1970]. In Japan Professor Shinoda pioneered investigations of the phase equilibria of water, nonionic surfactant and oil [Shinoda and Ogawa, 1967; Shinoda and Saito, 1968; Shinoda and Takeda, 1970]. He emphasized the connection between nonionic surfactant properties and temperature. The phase behavior of nonionic surfactant/ cosurfactant/ oil/ water mixtures is in uenced by number of factors that include the type of surfactants, surfactants mixing ratio, and the presence of additives such as di erent alcohols, nature of oil and temperature. Thus, the study of phase behavior of these systems is essential to determine the extent of water and oil mutual solubilization. Also, phase behavior study will elucidate the e ects of various additives on solubilization/ microemulsi cation of polar or non-polar components (depending on w/o or o/w microemulsion). Among these additives, alcohols hold a special place by being the most frequently used. The presence of alcohol in uences the extent of the microemulsions regions and their internal structure. The roles of alcohol in microemulsions are to delay the occurrence of liquid crystalline phases, to increase the uidity of the interfacial layer separating oil and water, to decrease the interfacial tension between the microemulsion phase and excess oil and water [Sa nya et al. , 1989], and to increase the disorder in these interfacial layers


Resistance Spot welding is low cost and adequate which has made it highly popular in the making of sheet joints. Various types of resistance welding are developed for producing continuous and pressure tight joints on overlapped materials. Controlling the welding parameters plays an important role in the quality of the weld. This paper reviews on various effects of process parameters on response variables. Input parameters such as welding current, weld time, electrode force and electrode geometry effects on the response variables such as tensile strength, hardness, nugget size. In any automobile, there are 30006000 spot welds which demonstrate the level significance of the resistance spot welding. Controlling the welding parameters assumes an imperative part on the nature of the weld.Quality and strength of the welds and therefore body mainly are defined by quality of the weld nuggets. Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) is widely used for its low cost, high speed; simple mechanism and applicability for automation. There are various process parameters (weld current, weld time, pressure) which affect the weld nugget and its strength. So it is necessary to optimize the process parameters of resistance spot welding process. Therefore it is very important to understand the behaviour of spot welds and their failure characteristics.


The objective of this research is to arrive at a better assessment of the quality of surface water in the Constantine region. The focus is on the comparison of three classical indices WQINSF (National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index), WQICCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index) and WQIAP (weighted arithmetical Water Quality Index), the development of a new index and the prediction by ANN (Artificial neural network) of WQI indices. The PCA allows to select 10 parameters to be used in the calculation of the classical WQI, and 8 principal components to be used as input for the new proposed index (regularized WQI). However the ANN is applied for the search of prediction models of classical WQI and developed WQI. The results show that the WQIAP index assesses water quality better, and that the regularized WQI further promotes the assessment of water quality. WQIR shows that after the pollution peak the water quality does not return to its initial state. The modeling approach by ANN offers an effective alternative to predict the WQI, it subsequently appears that the ANN predicts better the new index WQIRregularized (R2 = 0.999) than the classic model WQIAP (R2 = 0.99).


Abstract Researchers interested in the effects of exposure spikes on an outcome need tools to identify unexpectedly high values in a time series. However, the best method to identify spikes in time series is not known. This paper aims to fill this gap by testing the performance of several spike detection methods in a simulation setting. We created simulations parameterized by monthly violence rates in nine California cities that represented different series features, and randomly inserted spikes into the series. We then compared the ability to detect spikes of the following methods: ARIMA modeling, Kalman filtering and smoothing, wavelet modeling with soft thresholding, and an iterative outlier detection method. We varied the magnitude of spikes from 10 to 50 % of the mean rate over the study period and varied the number of spikes inserted from 1 to 10. We assessed performance of each method using sensitivity and specificity. The Kalman filtering and smoothing procedure had the best overall performance. We applied each method to the monthly violence rates in nine California cities and identified spikes in the rate over the 2005–2012 period.


: Voicing in stop consonants is restricted by aerodynamical constraints, as illustrated by John Ohala, among others, more than three decades ago. It seems to be unnoticed in modern phonetic research that Wolfgang von Kempelen already described these challenges two centuries earlier. With additional bellows in his speaking machine he offered a mechanical solution for the vocal tract enlargement in stop production to achieve a longer voiced phase. A look back can help to develop a better understanding of the main mechanism for contrasting stops in many languages.


Collecting expeditions carried out in the Zamboanga Peninsula of western Mindanao (Philippines) led to the rediscovery of Thottea philippinensis, previously known only by a single collection made 93 years ago. Here we provide an extended description, comments on the affinities among closely related species, an updated geographical distribution, habitat information, conservation assessment, and the first‐ever published photos of living T. philippinensis in the wild. Additionally, the occurrence of T. tomentosa in the Philippine archipelago is confirmed.


Abstract: The aim of this study was to detect the size changes of reverse micelles after extraction of peanut protein and their forward extraction rates. Factors that affect the size of reverse micelles and the extraction of peanut protein were also investigated. The size of reverse micelles and the size changes were measured according to the theory of dynamic light scattering under different conditions such as different sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) concentrations, pH values, ion concentrations, and salt species. With the increase of AOT surfactant concentrations in a certain range, the size of empty and full reverse micelles increased and the forward extraction rate decreased. The effect of pH on empty reverse micelles was not significant. However, the effect of pH on the full reverse micelle size and forward extraction rate were significant. Its forward extraction rate increased to the maximum 39.6% at pH 7.5. The increase of the salt concentration of a buffer solution in a certain range decreased the size of empty and full reverse micelles and reduced the forward extraction rate of peanut protein. Ionic species had important effects on reverse micelles and peanut protein extraction. An increase in the amount of buffer solution enlarged the empty reverse micelle size in 0.03%‒0.11% (V/V). However, it did not translate to a larger reverse micelle size. The size of the empty reverse micelles containing K2SO4 reached 24.1 nm with a 0.19% (V/V) buffer solution added. The sizes of the full reverse micelles were larger than those of the empty reverse micelles after forward extraction. However, maximum sizes were achieved with the addition of a 0.03% (V/V) buffer solution. The amount of 0.03% (V/V) buffer solution added was appropriate for extracting peanut protein. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21176058, 31171790, 21376064, 31201293), and Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Zhengzhou City (ISTTCPZZC).


A simple shock‐wave detector for use in shock tube experiments is presented. The detector consists of a thin metal diaphragm and an electrode which contact upon arrival of the shock‐wave pressure step.


During the interval 0400-1600 UT on August 31, 1978 strong pc5 activity was observed in the morning and afternoon sector of the magnetosphere. Using data from a world-wide network of ground-magnetometer stations and from the geostationary satellites GEOS 2, GOES 2 and 3 as well as the satellite pair ISEE 1 and 2 a case study was performed with special respect to the question of possible source mechanisms responsible for the observed pulsations. Like earlier workers we came up with the result that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause or in the low latitude boundary layer is a likely candidate. In particular we found a change in the azimuthal phase propagation direction from westwards on the morning side and eastward on the afternoon side. Also the sense of polarization and the azimuth of the ground magnetic disturbance in the horizontal plane changed across the meridian of the stagnation point as predicted by a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability source mechanism. A more detailed analysis was carried out for an isolated, large amplitude pc5 event at 1040 UT. At the same time magnetic field observations from the ISEE satellite pair indicate a flux transfer event (FTE) like disturbance at the magnetopause. Also indications of magnetopause boundary oscillations were found, and we feel that this FTE-like event constitutes a possible source for the observed impulsive pc5 event recorded on the ground and on GEOS 2. Furthermore, as the observed pc5 pulsations exhibit a wave-packet structure, we studied whether these wave packets coincided with substorms or substorm intensifications observed simultaneously in the nighttime magnetosphere. However, only a partial one-toone correlation was found.


The initiation and propagation of hydrogen induced cracks in HY-130 weldments was studied by the augmented strain cracking test. The morphology of the crack propagation observed in the weld metal indicates the cracks can be formed at interfaces by dislocation of pile-ups. Furthermore, unexpectedly large plastic strain was always associated wi th crack propagation. To confirm this observation, measurement of the plastic strain at the root of the notch of the augmented strain cracking test specimen of HY-130 steel was conducted on both electrolytically hydrogencharged and hydrogen-free specimens. It turned out that this plastic strain had a marked anelastic nature and showed the same dependence on hydrogen content and strain rate as does hydrogen embrittlement—that is, the plastic strain increased, both as hydrogen content increased and as strain rate decreased. However, hydrogen had no effect on the hardness of the specimen. The mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement was discussed based upon these observed results.


A series of (4Z)-4-(Arylidene)-2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)oxazol-5(4H)-ones were synthesized by condensation of substituted hippuric acid with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of fused sodium acetate, acetic anhydride in catalytic amount, ethanol as solvent under reflux conditions.All the synthesized compounds were confirmed and characterized by using various spectral techniques like IR, HNMR, CNMR, and mass spectral studies. All the synthesized oxazolone derivatives displayed moderate to potent antibacterial activity.


Objective To discuss the three digital store character of the DSA video graph and its use range. Methods After comparing the store modes between Advantx LCV and Innova 3100,we analyze the advante and disadvantage of the three store modes. Results The three store modes have their owncharacter. So the use range is different. Conclusion Choose the proper store mode, it can improve your work efficient and management level.


The studies of Chongqing history in the Qing Dynasty within the past thirty years involve several aspects of commerce,judicial system,social life,power division at the grass-roots level,local administration and fiscal affairs. The anthor hopes to show the latest development in the researoh Chongqing history in the Qing Dynasty and help readers to understand the general picture of Chongqing in the Qing Dynasty. Besides that,the author also puts forward some suggestions to promote the future development of this research field.


Background: Subcutaneous wound drains have demonstrated a high degree of efficacy in a number of surgical procedures. However, wound drains' usefulness in gynecological surgery, such as caesarean section, remains debatable. Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess the role of subcutaneous negative pressure drain in wound healing following major gynecological surgery. Patients and methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Zagazig University Hospital. This study included 60 cases, divided in 2 groups, 30 cases in each group; Group 1 included subcutaneous negative pressure drain patients who have undergone subcutaneous tissue re-approximations and Group 2 included cases who have subcutaneous tissue re-approximation only. Results: Statistical significant differences were found of body mass index and age between studied groups. There is a significant difference between the two groups regarding low hematocrit and preoperative elevated serum blood glucose level. Regarding post-operative complications, there were significant higher frequencies of hematoma, dehiscence infection, and seroma in Group 1 compared with Group 2 . Also there is significant difference between them as regard duration of postoperative hospital stay that was more in drain group. Conclusion: In gynecologic surgery, a subcutaneous negative pressure drain is a useful tool for managing wounds.