theories of transformational grammar are actually engaged causally implicated in on-line language processing. This, after all, was the burden of Fodor, Bever, and Garrett's (1974) argument. Algorithms being data structures plus program control, it would be truly bizarre for the data structures associated with a certain program to be causally engaged in actual computation, but not the associated program. Admittedly, it isn't necessary that this be so, but it certainly constitutes a prima facie case. Of course, Stabler will insist that this doesn't force us to adopt a causally engaged grammar, but it seems to me that the burden of proof goes the other way. See also the discussion on compilation below. 3. Compilation and acquisition. Suppose there was a device whereby you could write a program that carries out the computation of some function like, say, a fast fourier transform and presto! out pops a piece of silicon that actually carries out that computation. Now here's the $64K question: If you now use this new circuit, is the original program you specified causally engaged in the on-line computation of the function? Answer: well, no, since the thing isn't plastic. There is no sense in which individual instructions are looked up and their corresponding actions carried out, because there is no control mechanism at all; it's just a single circuit. So the chip seems to meet all the tests for a ncm-program-using system, at least by Stabler's own account. But was your original program used by the chip-making machine? I think that anyone would say yes yes, the program was used to direct the production of the chip, and it was used, not as some simple kind of "data," but in a basic and fundamental way as the controlling program for the creation of a new artifact. The analogy to language acquisition should be plain: modern transformational grammar is expressly designed as a causal explanation of the "construction" of language competence. (For a worked-out account of the parameter-setting model that Stabler insists will have "problems" incidentally illustrating a rather richer sense of a grammar being indirectly encoded in a processing model see Berwick 1982.) Stabler tries to dodge this possibility by talking about this kind of indirect causal connection as merely "influencing" linguistic processing, but the kind of "influence" we are talking about here is precisely one in which the rules and principles of the grammar are actually used (in the ordinary sense of the word). Finally, let me point out that the possibility of compilation muddies the program-using and hardwired waters to such an extent that the distinction becomes worthless. Stabler allows that a rule is "used" if it is causally efficacious (under some encoding) in actual linguistic behavior, pointing out that one could have a "hardwired " circuit that simply computes a function without "anything which we could regard as . . . a . . . representation of [a program] P." But the three little words "under some encoding" make all the difference in the world. The technical results on the interchangeability of circuits and programs that Stabler cites in his note 3 actually assume that there is a (uniform, spaceor time-bounded) encoding of such "hardware" circuits in terms of some program's operation. That is, given any such circuit, there is an equivalent program that simulates, step by step, the algorithm instantiated by the circuit. But this means that the hardwired circuit is a programusing system under Stabler's formal definition, since it is using an encoding of a program P, namely, the one provided by the (uniform) mapping between circuits and programs (actually, families of circuits). To be sure, the encoding is complex and implicit in the network, but so much the worse for the formal definition. (There is an attempt to find an escape hatch to this difficulty later on, when Stabler strengthens his definition to be an "explicit encoding," but since no explanation of "explicit" is provided, we're left in the same fix.)


The nonlinear higher-order difference squeezing(N-th Power X-squeezing effects) of photon field for the mode of a photon-added double-mode SU(2) coherent state |M,ζ;m〉=A_ma~(+m)|M,ζ〉 is investigated with numeric method.It is shown that the photon field can exhibit the nonlinear higherorder difference squeezing(N-th power X-squeezing effects N=1,2,3,4,5,…),when M increases,the N-th power X-squeezing effects increase,while as m and N increase,the squeezing effects decrease.


A practical estimation method for groundwater level elevations is introduced. Using geostatistical techniques with drift, averaging process and ratio, experimental variograms show significant improved coorelation compared with those from conventional techniques. The estimation method is applied to a field experimental data set.


Torque magnetometer measurements show that the magnetic moment of mica sheets with Cr films 0.3 to 28 nm thick is smaller than the magnetic moment of the mica sheet at room temperature. This may mean that the average susceptibilities of the Cr films are negative, and of the order of −10−3 to −10−4, or that small magnetic moments form perpendicular to the plane of the Cr film. Both explanations cannot be reconciled with accepted models of the magnetic structure of chromium.

Messungen mit einem Drehmomentmagnetometer zeigten, das das magnetische Moment von Glimmerplattchen mit 0,3 bis 28 nm dicken Cr-Filmen kleiner als das magnetische Moment des Glimmerplattchens bei Zimmertemperatur ist. Dies kann bedeuten, das die durchschnittliche Suszeptibilitat des Cr-Films negativ ist, mit Werten in der Grosenordnung von −10−3 bis −10−4, oder das kleine magnetische Momente normal zum Cr-Film entstehen. Beide Erklarungen widersprechen akzeptierten Modellen der magnetischen Struktur des Chroms.


Purpose: To evaluate spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) based methods to differentiate retinal vessel types and easure retinal vessel diameters, and compare these findings with the reference from infrared reflectance (IR) images and/or fluorescein angiography (FA); then, evaluate the retinal vessel diameters in relation to different severity grades of diabetic retinopathy using SD-OCT. Methods: Patients who underwent circular OCT-scans centered at the optic disc with or without non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) were retrospectively reviewed. Individual retinal vessels were identified on IR and given unique labels both on IR and SD-OCT. Vessel types (artery, vein or uncertain) and vessel width obtained by IR and/or FA were documented as ground truth. From OCT, presence of the hyperreflective lower border reflectivity feature and measurements of each vessel, including horizontal vessel contour diameter, vertical vessel contour diameter, horizontal hyperreflective core diameter, and reflectance shadowing width, were assessed. Results: A total of 398 vessels with documented vessel type were included for vessel type assessment. Using SD-OCT, 338 vessels were assigned a final grade, of which, 86.4% (292 vessels) were classified correctly. When using only IR based ground truth for vessel type, the SD-OCT based classification approach reached a sensitivity of 0.88/0.93, and a specificity of 0.93/0.88 for arteries/veins, respectively. 194 vessels larger than 40 μm were documented for diameter measurements. The mean vessel width obtained from IR was 107.9±36.1 μm. A mean vertical vessel contour diameter of 119.6±29.9 μm and a mean horizontal vessel contour diameter of 124.1±31.1 μm were measured by SD-OCT. Vertical vessel contour diameter did not differ from vessel width in all subgroup analysis. Horizontal vessel contour diameter was not significantly different from vessel width for arteries and had strong (r=0.88m) or very strong (r=0.91) correlation with vessel width for veins. Of 59 eyes from 45 patients examined, 30 (50.2%) had mild NPDR and 29 (49.8%) had severe NPDR, respectively. Eyes with mild NPDR had wider mean arteriolar vertical vessel inner diameter (89.8±12.1μm), vertical vessel outer diameter (120.9±12.9μm), and vessel shadow width (81.3±15.3μm) than patients with severe NPDR (87.9±10.8μm, 119.1±9.7μm, 78.8±10.9μm). However, the differences were not statistically significant (p=0.53, 0.55, 0.47). In contrast, wider venular diameters were associated with increasing severity of NPDR (p=<0.001, <0.001, 0.007). Conclusion: Retinal vessel type assessment and diameter measurements can be achieved with the current generation of SD-OCTs and be routinely implemented in the clinic. Wider retinal venule diameter was significantly associated with the severity of NPDR by SD-OCT assisted measurement.


Purposes of this research are to know some reproduction aspects of lobster, including sex ratio, gonad maturity level, size of first gonad mature, fekundity, and relationship of length-weight some. This research was conducted in June until November 2009 in Ekas Bay. During research 5 lobsters species were obtained, they are Panulirus homarus, P. versicolor, P. ornatus P. penicillatus and P. longiceps , with their of is well-balanced (1:1). Size of first gonad mature of P. homarus at carapace length 77,44 mm that happened during June - November with fekundity 28.000 - 96.000 granule, P. versicolor at carapace length 82,20 mm that happened during June - September with fekundity 16.500 - 71.000 granule, P. ornatus at carapace length 76,74 mm that happened during September - November with fekundity 47.000 - 87.000 granule, P. penicillatus at carapace length 69,84 mm that happened during June - November with fekundity 31.000 - 150.000 granule and P. longiceps at carapace length 68,47 mm that happened in June - August with fekundity 47.000 - 140.000 granule. Relationship of carapace length and body weight of five species, also male and female was described using linier regression equation and have negative allometrict pattern, where accretion of carapace length was quicker than body weight accretion. Keyword : reproduction aspect, lobster, Ekas Bay


As a new Chinese national strategy, 'The Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative' has attracted substantial interest with its broad development prospect and huge economic impetus. However, existing research is not comprehensive due to the limitation of specific industry and there are few empirical studies. This paper adopted the panel data of key participating provinces in China from 2008 to 2017 according to the China City Statistical Yearbook to fill in the research gap. Around the issue of whether the B&R initiative promotes the economic development of Chinese key participating provinces along the routes, this paper proposed three hypotheses and used DID, PSM-DID and DDD methods to study relevant factors and the influencing mechanism. The empirical results show that the B&R policy could promote the overall economic development of participants on the whole, despite a certain degree of policy effect lag. Moreover, after the division of geographical location and administrative level in the eastern and west-central regions of China, the study found that the B&R initiative has significantly facilitated the advancement of the economy in the west-central areas, especially the less developed regions. In addition, after the classification of marketization degree, it is found that the B&R policy has a greater promoting effect on regions with high marketization degree than those with low marketization degree. Through the mechanism test, it is discovered that the tertiary industry is the main economic accelerator for growth in central and western China. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper provided policy suggestions to further implement the B&R strategy.


Concluding his article on the problems facing the formulation of a constructive and humane response to habitual drunkenness offenders, Richard Smith asked: "Is our society quite incapable of dealing with these chronic problems?"1 Six years later the answer still seems to be yes. Though the widespread agreement which exists on the need for reform has been translated into action, somehow most of what has been done has failed to provide any effective improvement in society's response to some of its most disad vantaged members. How has this situation come about and is there a way forward?


Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Specialty Certificate in Clinical Radiology, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Health Sciences College.


I want to thank Dr. Fred L. Hackney and Dr. Joseph M. Gryskiewicz for responding to the challenge of being guest editors for this issue of Seminars in Plastic Surgery dedicated to dorsal augmentation in rhinoplasty. I would also like to thank the contributing authors for sharing their knowledge and experience in the field of dorsal augmentation.

After graduating from the University of Alabama Medical School, Dr. Hackney completed training first in oral and maxillofacial surgery and then in plastic surgery, graduating from the University of Texas at Southwestern program in Dallas. Since that time, he has developed an extensive experience in rhinoplasty and contributed much to our understanding of this difficult operation.

Dr. Hackney is also a noted author, a respected lecturer, and a member of numerous professional organizations. He is coauthor of several chapters in prominent plastic surgery textbooks including Dallas Rhinoplasty, Surgery by the Masters. He is also a member of the Clinical Faculty of the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Perhaps most importantly, though, he was the senior resident during my plastic surgery training and always the steady confident voice in the midst of my frequent confusion. For this I will be forever indebted to him.

Dr. Gryskiewicz graduated from the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1978. His postgraduate medical training included 7 years at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics in general and plastic and reconstructive surgery. Dr. Gryskiewicz also completed a hand surgery rotation at Northwestern University in Chicago.

Dr. Gryskiewicz is an international speaker on nose surgery and has published numerous articles on that topic in medical journals. He is also a guest reviewer for Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and is an active board member in the rhinoplasty society.

Although he has extensive training in all aspects of cosmetic and plastic surgery, Dr. Gryskiewicz's special medical interests are breast augmentation, nasal surgery, facial plastic surgery, and body contouring.

He is a clinical professor at the University of Minnesota Cleft Palate Clinics School of Dentistry and also maintains a private practice in Edina and Burnsville, Minnesota.


Preface. Third International IFIP TC6 Conference on Open Distributed Processing. List of referees. Part One: INVITED PRESENTATIONS: Reference model of open distributed processing (RM-ODP): Introduction. RM-ODP: The architecture. New ways of learning through the global information infrastructure. Part Two: REVIEWED PAPERS: Session on architecture. The A1 architecture model. Interoperability of distributed platforms: a compatibility perspective. A general resource discovery system for open distributed processing. Session on management - a telecommunications perspective. Management service design: from TMN interface specifications to ODP computational objects. Analysis and design of a management application using RM-ODP and OMT. Distributing public network management systems using CORBA. Session on trading. Designing an ODP trader implementation using X.500. An evaluation scheme for trader user interfaces. AI-based trading in open distributed environments. Session on interworking traders. A model for a federative trader. Enabling interworking of traders. An explorative model for federated trading in distributed computing environments. Cooperation policies for trading. Session on realizing ODP systems. Charging for information services in ODP systems. Intercessory objects within channels. A fault-tolerant remote procedure call system for open distributed processing. Session on managing distributed applications. Towards a comprehensive distributed systems management. Flexible management of ANSAware applications. Session on experience with distributed environments. DDTK project: Analysis, design and implementation of an ODP application. Experiences with groupware development under CORBA. Performance analysis of distributed applications with ANSAmon. Session on quality of service. Class of service in the high performance storage system. An approach to quality of service management for distributed multimedia applications. Integration of performance measurement and modeling for open distributed processing. A quality of service abstraction tool for advanced distributed applications. Quality-of-service directed targeting based on the ODP engineering model. Quality of service management in distributed systems using dynamic routation. Session on formal semantics. Some results on cross viewpoint consistency checking. Maintaining cross viewpoint consistency using Z. ODP types and their management: an object-Z specification. Session on integrating databases in distributed systems. Multiware database: a distributed object database system for multimedia support. ObjectMap: integrating high performance resources into a distributed object-oriented environment. Session on DCE experiences. Experiences with the OSF distributed computing environment. The TRADEr: Integrating trading into DCE. Experiences using DCE and CORBA to build tools for creating highly-available distributed systems. Part Three: POSITION STATEMENTS AND PANEL REPORTS: The open systems industry and the lack of open distributed management. Murky transparencies: clarity using performance engineering. Quality of service workshop. Index of contributors. Keyword index.


Under the background that global warming poses a serious threat to human normal production and life, the development model of low carbon economy is undoubtedly an effective measure to give consideration to ecological protection and economic growth. This paper takes this as the background, through the research on the industrial structure of Hefei, finds out the problems of the low carbon economic structure in Hefei, and puts forward the countermeasures and measures for the transformation of industrial structure with these problems.


Wandering or ectopic spleen is a rare congenital or acquired abnormality due to a defect in the anatomical fixity of the spleen with the surrounding organs. Pedicle twisting is its most common complication. It is an anatomo-clinical entity most often described in children, but rare in adults. It is a serious condition, especially when it occurs on a pregnancy putting at stake maternal and fetal prognosis. Authors report a case of acute volvulus of wandering spleen in a 26-year-old patient admitted for abdominal pain on an active pregnancy of 15 weeks of amenorrhea. Abdominal ultrasound scan helped to set the diagnosis. At laparotomy, the enlarged spleen was in an ectopic position, in the iliac fossa with a pedicle abnormally twisted in several spiral turns. Splenectomy was performed. The post-operative period was simple and the pregnancy progressed well to term.


Ninety (90) velocity control points derived from seismic data processing were examined and analyzed to evaluate abnormal pressure zones in parts of onshore western Niger - Delta. Compaction trend graphs and a map showing the distribution of top of overpressure were produced. The graphs show that compaction increases with depth and deviation from normal trend lines connote overpressured zones. The depth range at which overpressure was encountered is from 1000m to 4500m. The magnitude of interval transit times derived from seismic data was used for the calibration of the subsurface into minimum (750μs/m), normal (613μs/m) and mixed (528μs/m) compaction zones. A map depicting the distribution of depths to the top of abnormal pressure also complemented the compaction trend graphs. The depth to the top varies within the study area and has a range of 2000m to 4000m. This study is relevant in predicting overpressure zones, which will serve as an asset to the petroleum industry during drilling of deep wells for oil exploration and exploitation. Key words: Seismic, velocity control, overpressure, abnormal pressure Nig. J. of Pure & Appl. Physics Vol.3 2004: 64-67


Property appears in the Western tradition of political discussion under a number of heads, which might be summarised as follows: First and foremost, there is the tradition begun by Aristotle and continued by Aquinas, in which property appears as a moral and political phenomenon, a prerequisite to the leading of a "good life," which is essentially civic. In the form of the Greek oikos , a household productive unit inhabited by women, minors and slaves, it provided the individual with power, leisure and independence, and the opportunity to lead a life in which he (not until Mary Wollstonecraft do we encounter a thinker systematically interested in adding "she" to this context) could become what he ought to be. Property was both an extension and a prerequisite of personality (and we should be aware of the possibility that different modes of property may be seen as generating or encouraging different modes of personality). The citizen possessed property in order to be autonomous and autonomy was necessary for him to develop virtue or goodness as an actor within the political, social and natural realm or order. He did not possess it in order to engage in trade, exchange or profit; indeed, these activities were hardly compatible with the activity of citizenship. Greek politics were not based on bourgeois concepts, which seems odd when you consider that "politics" and "bourgeois" have the same root meaning of "living in a city."


We have studied the atomic and electronic structure of the $\mathrm{Cu}(001)\text{\ensuremath{-}}(\sqrt{20}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{20})R26.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{In}$ surface, which undergoes a reversible transition to a $p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ phase at high temperature. Low temperature scanning-tunneling microscopy indicates a $p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ structure modulated at the $(\sqrt{20}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{20})$ periodicity. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy shows a surface resonance exhibiting gap opening and backfolding along a $(\sqrt{20}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{20})$ zone boundary. We suggest that the $(\sqrt{20}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{20})$ structure is stabilized due to the Fermi surface nesting accompanying a surface charge density wave.


Ana Paula Alonso received her B.Sc. in Biochemistry in 1998 and M.Sc. in Biological and Medical Sciences in 2000 from the Universit e Victor Segalen in Bordeaux, France. Her spark for plant science, more specifically plant biochemistry and metabolism, started during her Ph.D. research at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon, France, where she discovered a new substrate cycle in plants. After four years of postdoctoral training in seed metabolism (Michigan State University, USA), and microbial metabolism (Institut National des Sciences Appliqu ees, Toulouse, France), Ana joined the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, USA, in 2008 as a Visiting Assistant Professor to work in the exciting field of biofuel research. In 2010, Ana started her independent research group at The Ohio State University and subsequently moved to the BioDiscovery Institute at the University of North Texas in 2018; she is currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Biological Sciences and serves as the Director of the BioAnalytical Facility. Ana's unique expertise in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and C-fluxomics has provided novel contributions in the fields of plant physiology and biochemistry, seed metabolism (Cocuron et al. 2019) and plant response to stresses (De Souza et al. 2015).


The temporal coherence between atmospheric turbulence 5 meters above the mean sea surface and the small scale roughness, was measured by four different microwave radar wavelengths during the SAXON-FPN experiment. Continuous radar cross section measurements (one second averages) and spatially coincident, simultaneous sonic anemometer measurements of the 3 wind components provide the first known coherence function for frequencies from .0005 to .5 Hz. Unexpectedly, the wind fluctuations above .01 Hz do not induce correlated surface roughness variations, as observed by L,S,X and Ka-band radars. Only below .01 Hz, and only for X-band and Ka-band roughness scales do the authors measure coherences above 0.5. These results indicate that the short waves are only correlated with the wind on scales of 10's of minutes. Therefore the authors cannot assume that these short sea waves receive their energy directly from the wind, and they must identify a wave generating mechanism for these centimeter waves based on hydrodynamic interactions.<<ETX>>


In a copper refinery including smelting, converting and electrolytic refining steps, feed material containing copper and contaminated with iron and one or more impurity metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, antimony, and tin is refined in a process in which the impurity metals are separated from the copper prior to the main electrolytic refining step, into a converter slag product that is subsequently smelted to form anodes which are electrolyzed in a portion of the main copper refinery electrolyte. In another embodiment, oxidic (e.g. roasted) copper and copper-nickel concentrates are individually smelted to form anodes which are electrolyzed in separate cells between which electrolyte is cycled to maintain a balance of dissolved copper.


The paper shows that body part movements are not instances of
actions whose effects pass from the agent to the patient. Body
parts are not affected participants in the traditional sense.


Data obtained from studies on the livers of white rats given /sup 106/Ru perorally or intraperitoneally indicated that the radioisotope is removed from the body in two periods. The first 70 to 80% is removed in the first 5 days, and there is additional removal in the second period, at about 45 days. Within 3 hr after administration, the ruthenium is practically completely bound to the protein. After one day, 40% is bound to the albumens, 30% to the euglobulins, and 12% to the pseudoglobulins, ferritin, and slightly soluble proteins. After 3 to 10 days the amount of /sup 106/Ru bound to protein decreased, with only traces remaining after 20 days. In the first period apparently the /sup 106/Ru is bound to the albumen and pseudo- and euglobulin, and in the second, to the ferritin and slightly soluble protein. (TTT)


Information and communication technologies are evolving in an unprecedented way that is affecting daily life in all its aspects. Nowadays, one can consult an academic file, book a restaurant, request a medical appointment, or access the largest libraries and databases in the world by a single click of the computer mouse. These advances can also be applied to the field of tele-education and the informatization of teaching processes. The present work relates the process of automatizing the evaluation system of student practices in various socioassistential centers in the context of a Degree in Occupational Therapy. The innovating character of this application allows students, tutors, and coordinators to access internship information in real time: they can consult timetables, the beginning and end of practices, changes in organization, tutors that are responsible at all times, the assignation of centers, and an online evaluation of the previous. Thanks to the informatization of the entire process, evaluating centers, students, averages, comments, and suggestions is no longer a time-consuming and elaborate manual undertaking Key-Words: Tele-education, Internet applications, PHP, HTML, Web Systems, Teaching Staff Evaluation, MySQL, Education technology


Reconstituted, rolled sorghum grain was prepared by soaking air-dried grain in water for 24 h. The drained product had 38% moisture. Dry and reconstituted grains were rolled and given as 84% of the DM in mixed feeds. Complete diets had 14% crude protein and 4.5 Mcal gross energy/kg DM. Reducing sugars were 1.13% in reconstituted grain and 0.93% in dry grain. Energetic efficiency was measured by comparative slaughter in a feeding trial and by open circuit calorimetry before and after the feeding trial. Of 3 groups of 6 yearling Hereford bullocks, one group was killed at the start. Calorimetry studies were made, and fasting heat production was estimated during 2 consecutive 24-h periods. In the feeding trial bullocks on reconstituted, rolled sorghum ate significantly less DM but got significantly more net energy (NE). The energy balance trials showed that bullocks on reconstituted grain took less gross energy, but tended to be more efficient in energy utilisation. Digestible energy was more in trial 1 and metabolisable energy was more in trial 2 for reconstituted grain. No significant difference was seen in NE for maintenance and gain between the diets in either trial. NE for maintenance and gain for both rations, estimated by respiration calorimetry, was 22% more than values by comparative slaughter


Learning to understand poetry is part of learning Poetry Appreciation. Appreciation Learning Poetry especially the material to understand the poetry that has been done so far has not given a good effect on student learning outcomes. Learning is done tend to theory rather than to practice so that students tend not to skillfully interpret the poetry they read. One model of cooperative learning that can be used is a model of cooperative learning type Student Team Achievement Division (STAD). This learning model requires students to work together in heterogeneous teams, then the results of group discussions are tested individually. Scores obtained from group and individual work are calculated. Students who get the highest score are awarded. This type of research is quantitative research with preexprerimental design method. The sample is determined by the average equality test with simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by giving multiple choice tests of comprehending poetry consisting of an understanding of the inner structure and physical structure of poetry. The result of the research shows that before the learning with STAD model the average of student learning result is thirty nine point sixty. After the learning is done with STAD model, the average value of student learning outcomes is seventy five point forty eight. In addition to the average values that have increased by thirty four point sixty five, the hypothesis test results also show that there is a significant effect of applying the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model to the skills of understanding poetry. Keywords—Effect, cooperative learning, STAD, poetry


At the first meeting of the private, bipartisan National Commission on the Environment, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator William K. Reilly used his keynote address to release a major new EPA study: "Economic Incentives: Options for Environmental Protection." The report offers a number of options under four broad categories— municipal solid waste, global climate change, water resource, and multimedia. But, as Reilly points out, none of the options is endorsed by the agency. Rather, he says, the report is being released to "stimulate a continuing dialogue among policymakers on the role and efficiency of economic incentives in environmental policy." In releasing the report, Reilly mentions that the U.S. in the past has not been "a country reconciling economic goals with environmental protection." But with the cost of environmental protection predicted to grab a greater share of the gross national product (C&EN, Feb. 18, page 25), Reilly insists that continued use of the command-and-control appro...


The present investigation is related to the social and educational problems of Gujjar Students of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir State. While developing the framework of the investigation, the suggestions from various experts were taken into account for better results. It was considered that the proposed investigation be confined to an area which is getting urbanized under the impact of modernization. On the basis of demographic conditions and the situation of tribal population of Gujjars, the researchers conducted a survey of various surrounding areas in the neighborhood of Jammu. The rationale of the study is to discuss the social and educational problems in the society of Gujjars in Jammu District of J&K state. Nomadic Gujjars occupy a large portion of state population of J&K state, whereas in adjoining states they show very small part of state's population. This huge population of the Gujjars, even after the seven decades of freedom of India seems neglected and deprived. It cannot be believed that a millennium has gone by, without even remotely touching the Gujjars community especially regarding their social and educational development. The paper uses secondary data from the Census of India, and from different reports of the state and central governments. For this study, primary data related to social and educational problems have also been collected through survey. Data were collected through stratified random sampling technique from different parts of the Jammu districts from the state. In the present paper researchers tried to find out the social and educational problems of Gujjar students. An attempt has also been made to give suggestions to overcome the social and educational problems faced by the Gujjar students.


Externalization of deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads is performed to allow electrophysiological recording from implanted electrodes as well as assessment of clinical response to trial stimulation before implantable pulse generator (IPG) insertion. Hypothetically, lead externalization provides a route for inoculation and subsequent infection of hardware, though this has not been established definitively in the literature. We sought to determine if lead externalization affects the risk of infection in DBS surgery.


On ships, boilers are used for many purposes: Supplying steam to the main steam turbine to drive the propeller to create thrust, drive generators, drive pumps and winches. Also, it has a role to drive trouble equipment, provide steam for heating lubricants, fuel, steam supply for air conditioning systems for crew members ... With so many important uses, ensuring good operation of the boiler is a matter of primary concern for operators. In the operation of the boiler, controlling the water levels ensures not only good steam generation but also operator safety as well as the boiler itself. Automatic control of the water supply process is an important part of the boiler control system. This system has the function of maintaining a stable water level in the boiler. Currently, fuzzy control theory, whose mathematical tool is the fuzzy set theory of L.A Zadeh is being developed strongly. Different from the old control technique that relies purely on the absolute accuracy of the information that many applications cannot, the fuzzy control can handle unclear information. Information that their accuracy is only recognized by their relations with each other and can only be described in the control language. Fuzzy control allows copying personal information processing and control methods to solve complex control problems. The paper focuses on research to use fuzzy control theory combined with traditional PID controller to achieve optimal quality control for the process of adjusting the boiler water level. Construct a fuzzy controller to adjust parameters of the PID water level controller to optimize the process of adjusting the boiler water level. Simulation of water level control of fuzzy PID control on Matlab-Simulink software.


Since my first degree from the University of Michigan, I have spent 64 years in this water mixture from the vantage point of two institutions: government and the university. The state government portion was initiated in Illinois; the local government in Cook County, Illinois, not including Chicago. These provided the learning environment for the first five years, taught by state sanitary engineers Clarence Klassen a nd Ca rl Schwo b and o thers of the ir team. The second five were maturing years in the Army Sanitary Corps under Co lonel William (Bill) Hardenburg and Military Government for the Far East. The next eighteen years we re in federal service as a Commissioned Officer, United States Public Health Service (via a national ex aminatio n). The second career, buttressed by an M.A. degree from American University in Public Administration and Political Science and, later, Doctoral studies in Natural Resources under Stanley Caine and Lyle Craine again at Michigan, started with my retirement from the Public Health Service in 1964. A concurrent appointment as tenured Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, and Director of the Cornell Water Resources and Marine Sciences Cente r followed. The second career was founded on the first, an d the m ix has continued for another thirty-six years, and still tastes good.


Rapid growth in the processed livestock industry attracts food producers to produce frozen food, one of that is Chicken Wings. Chicken Wings So Good brand is frozen food that takes in the segmentation of consumers from all walks of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the purchasing decisions of So Good chicken products at the Golden Market and Giant Market Jember and determine the effect of product quality, price, promotion, and location on the purchasing decisions of So Good chicken products at the Golden Market and Giant Market Jember. This study uses a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 60 respondents. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression. The results got a regression equation Y = 2.578 + 0.338X1 + 0.028X2 + 0.297X3 + 0.144X4 + e. The results showed that the product quality variable has a significant influenced on purchasing decisions of 0.338. Promotion variable is 0.297. Then followed by location variables of 0.144. While the price variable has the lowest effect to compared other variables of 0.028. The result of this study is indicate that the product quality, promotion and location variable have a significant influenced on the purchasing decisions of the So Good Chicken Wings brand at the Golden Market and Giant Market Jember. The dominant factor in purchasing decisions for So Good Chicken Wings brand at the Golden Market and Giant Market Jember is Promotion.


The paper contains an analytical review of the methods and models of management of the branch structure of industry. The structural analysis of the branches of industrial system of the Admiralteisky District of Saint-Petersburg has been carried out. The developments of the regional policy have been defined and the ways of management of the structural forms of economy on this level settled.


Acrolentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the second most common nail organ tumour and frequently, affects the thumb or the great toe.1,2 Digit amputation is still the gold standard for many surgeons;3 it does, however, not protect against local recurrence. An alternative represents complete tumour resection with distal phalanx preservation, which has proven valuable, especially for well demarcated thinner tumours.4,5

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Context. The Arjuna asteroid belt is loosely defined as a diverse group of small asteroids that follow dynamically cold, Earth-like orbits. Most of them are not actively engaged in resonant, co-orbital behavior with Earth. Some of them experience temporary but recurrent horseshoe episodes. Objects in horseshoe paths tend to approach Earth at a low velocity, leading to captures as Earth's temporary satellites or mini-moons. Four such objects have already been identified: 1991 VG, 2006 RH120, 2020 CD3, and 2022 NX1. Here, we focus on 2023 FY3, a recent finding, the trajectory of which might have a co-orbital status and perhaps lead to temporary captures. Aims. We want to determine the physical properties of 2023 FY3 and explore its dynamical evolution. Methods. We carried out an observational study of 2023 FY3 using the OSIRIS camera spectrograph at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias, to derive its spectral class, and time-series photometry obtained with QHY411M cameras and two units of the Two-meter Twin Telescope to investigate its rotational state. N-body simulations were also performed to examine its possible resonant behavior. Results. The visible reflectance spectrum of 2023 FY3 is consistent with that of an S-type asteroid; its light curve gives a rotation period of 9.3$\pm$0.6 min, with an amplitude of 0.48$\pm$0.13 mag. We confirm that 2023 FY3 roams the edge of Earth's co-orbital space. Conclusions. Arjuna 2023 FY3, an S-type asteroid and fast rotator, currently exhibits horseshoe-like resonant behavior and in the past experienced mini-moon engagements of the temporarily captured flyby type that may repeat in the future. The spectral type result further confirms that mini-moons are a diverse population in terms of surface composition.


Considering the frequency of the peripheral nervous system envolvement in leprosy 14 patients without clinical signs indicating impairment of the left ulnar nerve were submitted to electromyographic studies. All were chronic cases in which the disease had an evolution of three years for the most recent one, the longest during thirty one years. All patients were under leprosy treatment: nine had lepromatous leprosy, four had tuberculoid form, one had a dimorfous form. At the same time, as a control group, were studied 5 patients presenting clinical signis of injury of the left ulnar nerve. An electromiograph DISA with 3 channels, a Multistin estimulator and concentric electrodes were employed. In all the 19 cases the espontaneous activity, the type of recruiting reaction and the conduction velocity were analysed. Results were synthetized in Tables 1 and 2. The finding of electromyographic abnormalities in clinically healthy territores of 12/14 patients examined lead to the conclusion that in leprosy the agression to the peripheral nervous system is more extensive than that a clinical examination may disclose or else that the anatomical injuries to the nervous fibers do not retrogradate completely under the treatment's action as it may be infered by the clinical symptomatology.


On the basis of human factors analysis of driver error accidents, this paper establishes the accident-causing index system due to driver errors and puts forward the use of trapezoidal fuzzy hierarchy - the grey correlation analysis method to analyze the accident-causing index model due to driver errors. Then this paper uses related data and proposed analysis method to obtain the weights order of accident-causing factors. The results reveal the main cause of accidents due to driver errors, and provide the reference for further research to prevent the traffic accidents.


Background: Tuberculosis has even been a grave public health problem in Madagascar, one of the main causes responsible for death at the hospital for active and productive people. Methods: It was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study of patient records admitted for the research of acid-fast bacillus (AFB) pulmonary and extra pulmonary from January 2003 to December 2014 at the microbiology laboratory of the University Hospital Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (HU-JRA) Antananarivo, Madagascar. We did this study in order to describe the epidemiology of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis at the laboratory. All of the requests about researching AFB for bacterial analysis have been received. Incomplete folders have been rejected. Age, sex, clinic information and the results of AFB research have been analyzed. Results: During 12 years, 1060 requests have been received to research AFB with 89 cases (8.39%) of positivity. Patients were between 9 months and 93 years old. The middle patient age was 41.7 years. Sex-ratio of infected patients was 1.36. There was a significant difference between gender and positive cases (p=0,001). 82 positive cases (93.77%) were pulmonary localization and 7 cases of extra pulmonary (6.23%). Conclusions: Despite the lack of screening, the high rate of bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis found was one of the great epidemiological importances because of their contagiousness. It is obvious that only health actions cannot solve the problem of tuberculosis.


Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) overexpressing MYC and BCL-2 have a poor outcome with standard therapies irrespective of the cell of origin (COO), representing an unmet medical need. Furthermore, precision therapy approaches specifically designed for MYC/BCL-2 positive DLBCL are lacking. Recently we reported that MYC positive DLBCL harbor high levels of inherent DNA damage and display constitutive activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, these alterations being correlated with poor outcome (Derenzini et al. Oncotarget 2015). In an effort to design specific therapies for MYC/BCL-2 positive DLBCL, we integrated nanostring-based gene expression profiling and functional characterization of replicative and oxidative stress biomarkers in 2 independent DLBCL cohorts treated with chemoimmunotherapy: 69 patients from the DLC04 study (Chiappella et al. Lancet Oncol 2017), and 66 patients treated in real life clinical practice (total 135 patients). We used a digital multiplex gene expression profiling (Nanostring technology) panel containing 28 genes: 20 genes used to assign COO subtype according to LST algorithm (Scott et al. Blood 2014), and 8 additional genes employed to assess the MYC and BCL-2 status and to detect potential therapeutic targets (STAT3, TP53, NFKBIA, PTEN, PIK3CA, CD68). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiling for MYC, BCL-2, the phosphorylated form of H2AX at S139 (γH2AX: a biomarker of DNA damage and DDR activation) and for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (an oxidative DNA damage marker) was available in all patients.
 MYC/BCL-2 status evaluated by nanostring outperformed IHC for prognostic stratification in both cohorts (patients were stratified in high and low MYC or BCL-2 expressors based on the median normalized MYC and BCL-2 mRNA levels in the respective cohorts). The 2 cohorts displayed similar patterns of γH2AX and 8-OHdG expression (cut off value 50% of positive cells). 8-OHdG negative cases showed very low levels of γH2AX whereas high 8-OHDG expressors displayed significantly higher levels of γH2AX phosphorylation. In line with this, γH2AX positivity was significantly associated with increased 8-OHdG levels in both cohorts (Figure 1A). These data suggest that oxidative stress could be a major source of inherent DNA damage contributing to constitutive DDR activation in DLBCL. Dual positivity for γH2AX and 8-OhDG was significantly associated with adverse outcome in both cohorts. However, this difference was even more pronounced when focusing the analysis on MYC/BCL-2 positive DLBCL (evaluated by nanostring): in fact dual positivity for H2AX and 8-OHdG identified a subgroup of MYC/BCL-2 positive cases (MYC/BCL-2ox) characterized by a dismal outcome. Interestingly MYC/BCL-2 positive cases without oxidative DNA damage had a very favorable outcome, with similar overall survival (OS) compared to MYC/BCL-2 negative cases. Similar trends were observed in both cohorts and a cumulative analysis confirmed a significantly worse OS for the MYC/BCL-2ox subgroup, compared to all other subgroups (Figure 1B).
 We found an increased proportion of low NFKBIA expressors in the MYC/BCL-2ox subgroup (with no differences in the COO subtyping and in the fraction of double hit cases). Since NFKBIA is an endogenous inhibitor of NF-kB signaling, these data could indicate a compensatory NF-kB activation in MYC/BCL-2ox patients, in line with the role of NF-kB signaling in driving antioxidant responses. These findings suggest a model of oncogenic cooperation where constitutive NF-kB activation and BCL-2 overexpression could counteract the deleterious effects of inherent oxidative DNA damage driven by MYC.
 To test this hypothesis and to determine the therapeutic implications of these findings we run a combinatorial high-throughput drug screening (HTS) investigating combinations based on 2 different inhibitors of the DDR (the CHK1/2 inhibitors AZD7762 and MK8776) in a large panel of DLBCL cell lines of ABC and GCB origin (n=10) (Figure 1C). Both CHK1/2 inhibitors showed synergistic interactions with BCL-2 inhibitors (venetoclax) and with drugs inhibiting NF-KB pathway such as PI3K, HDAC, and BET inhibitors. Taken together these data suggest synthetic lethal interactions between MYC, BCL-2, NF-kB and the DDR in DLBCL, providing the rationale for targeted therapeutic interventions in poor prognosis MYC/BCL-2 positive subgroups.

 Chiappella: Nanostring: Other: lecture fees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees; Roche: Other: lecture fees; Teva: Other: lecture fees; Amgen: Other: lecture fees. Zinzani:Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Merck: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; SERVIER: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celltrion: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astra Zeneca: Speakers Bureau; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; PFIZER: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; PFIZER: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Verastem: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; TG Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; TG Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Vitolo:Takeda: Speakers Bureau; Sandoz: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.


The brainstem auditory evoked potential is a noninvasive electrodiagnostic test allowing an objective assessment of the hearing status, by capturing the electrical activity of the auditory system, from the middle ear to the brainstem, generated after a specific sound stimulus is performed. The use of this test is not common in animals in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study is to report the diagnosis of bilateral deafness in two mongrel dogs, using the brainstem auditory evoked potential.


Editing of a special edition of edited articles emerging out of a jointly run conferenec at Brighton University in 2015, PLace-Based Arts: Brighton Writes.


10045Background: Cancer related fatigue (CRF) is commonly reported among breast cancer survivors and can negatively impact quality of life and treatment adherence. Large, prospective, longitudinal ...


The thesis describes modern swarm algorithms for global optimization problems. Theoretical part of the thesis describes number of interesting swarm algorithms inspired by nature together with their principles and applications. Practical part of the thesis consists of an object-oriented design and implementation of the Firefly algorithm in C++ with graphical representation of achieved results in MATLAB and special application for the evolution configuration. In the evaluation section, the implementation is tested on the CEC'14 benchmark and compared to the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm.


We produce convincing new evidence that the turn of the year (TOY), turn of the month (TOM), and January effects are critically dependent on the sample period over which they are estimated. The TOY effect is significant in the value‐weight portfolio from 1962 to 1997. It becomes insignificant in the medium‐size portfolio after 1994 and in the equal‐weight and low‐size portfolios after 1997. The TOM effect becomes insignificant in the value‐weight and high‐size portfolios after 1978, in the equal‐weight and medium‐size portfolios after 1997, and in the low‐size portfolio after 1998. January effects are significant in some subperiods but not others.


Based on the gray system theory,a new gray similar correlation model was proposed.By calculating the research object' s single factor membership matrix,gray similarity correlation coefficients were obtained with water quality standard for different evaluation indexes.Finally a comprehensive membership to each level of water quality standards was obtained.This method is applied to conduct a comprehensive water quality evaluation on eight monitoring sections of Yan River Basin,and a reasonable result was achieved.This indicates that the method is feasible.On this basis,further analysis and improvement have been done for maximum membership.Considering both the maximum degree and distribution of membership to each standard water quality evaluation level,then a mended rule was developed.


SUMMARY One can predict a future in which professional plant breeding, especially in the private sector, will be significantly scaled back, and advanced biotechnologies (e.g., genetic engineering) will be forbidden for use in plant breeding. Alternatively, one can predict a future in which commercialism will rule all sectors. But a more optimistic outlook predicts that the current tripartite division of responsibilities will prevail: Private Sector, Public Sector, and Participatory (i.e., farmer-breeder partnerships). The global plant breeding system is composed of separate organs, each essential for the survival of the whole but each with a different function. All parts work together for the good of the whole.


Ernst Cassirer is probably best known to historians of ideas for his work on the problem of knowledge, which began with a neo-Kantian historical analysis of epistemological questions and culminated in the philosophy of symbolic forms. As he himself always admitted, even in his last public writings, this focus on epistemology was the foundation of his philosophical interests. Yet by the last two decades of his life he had in true Socratic fashion endowed his


Small Punch Test (SPT) of irradiated samples has a great advantages in reducing the radioactivity of the irradiated materials, compared to standard testing procedures, mainly due to its small volume and also for the determination of material properties, which are highly dependent on the local microstructure e.g. heat affected zone. Based on the advantages mentioned above, the SPT procedure was included as a new method for evaluation of the real state of the RPV materials in the surveillance specimen programs (SSP) in Slovak nuclear power plants (NPP). These projects include, among other procedures and tests, more than eight thousand SPT samples from all RPV material types which were prepared for irradiation experiments during Slovak NPP's operation in the reactor as part of SSP realization. Present paper summarizes the results obtained from fractographic analysis of selected SPT samples after their testing. Characterization and categorization of different types of fracture are used to justify the correct test procedure.


The present study is aimed to evaluating the mechanical properties of aluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC). An effort is made to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of AMMCs by reinforcing AA6061 matrix with Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) particles. AMMCs were made, Al7475 as matrix material and MoS2 as reinforcement material, through stir casting method. AMMCs with varying percentage by different wt.0% to 8% MoS2 in an interval of 2wt%. These composites were prepared by using stir casting technique. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, Compression strength and hardness for the specimen and also the wear studies were evaluated. The results were compared with base alloy. The results are revealing that the hardness, tensile and Compression strength increased with increase in wt. % of reinforcement particles in the matrix up to 6% and the hardness, tensile and Compression strength decreased for 8 %, addition of reinforcement in the matrix. Investigations show that the MMC with 6 % of MoS2 have better mechanical properties i.e., hardness, tensile, yield and compression strength and it is observed that the increase in weight percentage of reinforcement significantly decreases the wear rate.


Starting from the high-throughput screening hit 1a, novel cathepsin K inhibitors have been developed based on a purine scaffold. High-resolution X-ray structures of several derivatives have revealed the binding mode of these unique cysteine protease inhibitors.


This article examines the changes in the traditional neighbourhood groupings, called pals, in Ahmedabad. It shows that the pols, which once provided the link between individuals and the city, are on the decline. The pols, which were once socio-culturally homogeneous, have changed through a gradual shift in their social composition. The nature of the change is analysed through three case studies.


Recently, as an electronic and an optical part with high precision are required, the research about nano technology is done very much; those are an ultra precision machining such as an ion beam machining and an ultra precision measurement such as STM technology. Nano technology is influenced from vibration and temperature change of the device and around the device. However, the research in order to reduce an ambient temperature fluctuation and the thermal drift of the device is not done very much. On the other hand, in the 21st century, it is also important to be careful on conservation of energy for protecting the earth. Therefore, in this report, a shelter with conservation of energy for supporting high precision machining was developed. At first, some properties of isolator using two kinds of styrol foams are investigated for shelter design. Next, a simple shelter using those styrol foams is manufactured. At last, in the experiment, temperature fluctuation and heat transfer coefficient fluctuation in the shelter were measured, and the thermal stability in the shelter was evaluated. It is concluded from the results that (1) the proposed shelter structure are very effective in order to reduce ambient temperature fluctuation. (2) the developed shelter is useful for supporting high precision machining and measurement. (3) this shelter is very simple, easy and low cost for setting, and running cost isn't need.


Lewis phenotyping of 487 blood samples from Chinese newborn infants and young children, revealed that 50% of cord cells were Le(a–b+) and 50% Le(a–b–). The weak Leb antigen of Le(a–b+) cord cells is most likely produced by the newborn infant rather than of maternal origin and it appears that these infants eventually develop by way of an intermediate Le(a+b+) stage into the adult Le(a–b+) phenotype. Most infants with Le(a–b–) cord cells, but not all, appear to develop through a transitional Le(a+b–) stage, into Le (a+b+) by about 1 month of age, most likely continuing as such into adulthood. This development of Le(a–b–) cord cells into the adult Le(a+b+) phenotype is postulated to be the result of the weak secretor gene Seω. Those infants with Le(a–b–) cord cells that do not convert to Le(a+b+) during the first month of life, most likely remain as such into adulthood. The blood of 120 adult voluntary blood donors, used as controls, reconfirmed adult Chinese phenotypic frequencies of approximately 70% Le(a–b+), 22% Le(a+b+) and 8% Le(a–b–).


The public key craptographic system for elliptic curve is better than the RSA-based and discrete log-based system.It can provide higher safety and more efficiency But it need relatively shorter key than the other traditional two.This paper will first introduce the relevant knowledge of the public-key craptosystem of elliptic curve and study the ECDSA.Then,ten new schemes will be put forward and analyzed.In the end,a strong blind signature scheme will be presented with its way of application introduced.


Blackgram mottle virus (BMoV) was isolated from mungbean plants showing mottling and mosaic symptoms in Indonesia. The virus was transmitted by mechanical inoculation, the bean leaf beetle, Colposcelis signata and golden green minute leaf beetle, Balisepta fulvipes and through infected mungbean seeds. Purified virus preparations contained isometric particles with a diameter of about 28 nm and had an ultraviolet light absorption spectrum typical of those of nucleoprotein components with a A260/Ano value of about 1.53. Indonesian and Thai BMoV showed reaction of identity in Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests using antiserum against Indonesian BMoV. Indonesian BMoV also reacted with antiserum against Indian BMoV, but did not react with antisera against some other beetle-borne viruses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test detected BMoV at concentrations as low as 50 ng/ml and was more sensitive than the mechanical inoculation test. Both ELISA and mechanical inoculation tests could easily detect BMoV at high concentrations from whole seeds, but at very low concentrations in seeds in which seed coats had been removed.


. An overview is presented of the activities conducted within the NATO STO Task Group AVT-204 to "Assess the Ability to Optimize Hull Forms of Sea


With virtual options the underlying assets are information and the rules governing exercise are based on the realities of the information realm (infosphere). Virtual options can be modeled as options to "purchase" information items by paying the cost of the information operations involved. Virtual options arise at several stages of value creation. The initial stage involves observation of physical phenomena with accompanying data capture. The next refinement is to organize the data into structured databases. Then information is selected from storage and synthesizing it into an information product (such as a report, article, or design specifications for a product to be fabricated in the physical realm). Then the information product is presented to the user via an efficient interface that does not require the user to be a field expert. Virtual options are similar in concept to real options but substantially different in their details, since real options have physical objects as the underlying assets and the rules governing exercise are based on the realities of the physical world. Also, while exercising a financial option typically kills the option, virtual options may include multiple exercise. Virtual options may involve high volatility or jump processes as well, further enhancing their value. Application of option pricing theory to real options has yielded worthwhile tools for disciplined decision making, and the potential also is great for worthwhile decision support tools based upon virtual options. This paper extends several important real option applications into the information realm, including jump process models and models for valuing options to synthesize any of n information items into any of m output products.


The automotive industry applies pressure on the PM industry to produce components with superior mechanical properties at minimum cost. In this regard, sinter-hardenable powders are particularly well suited since they allow direct quenching of components at the end of the sintering cycle, thus eliminating the extra steps required for heat treating. This paper presents the results of the modeling of the influence of admixing and/or prealloying on the optimization of compressibility and hardenability of sinter-hardenable steel powders. A first design of experiments (DOE) was used to optimize the chemical composition and to study the interactions between prealloyed elements (Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum and Manganese) and admixed elements (Nickel, Chromium, Manganese and Copper) on hardenability and compressibility. A second DOE was generated based on the results obtained in the first series. Results show that among all of the examined alloying elements, only prealloyed nickel, chromium and molybdenum had a significant effect on compressibility and hardenability. Moreover, within the range of concentrations under study, the optimum sinter-hardenable powder had the following (prealloyed) chemistry: 1.5 wt-% Ni, 0.55 wt-% Cr and 1.25 wt-% Mo.


The paper presents examples of good practice in nanotechnology education, ongoing activities, experiments, computer-supported programs, materials for students as well as for teachers, etc. The experiments described are simple to conduct and only resources that are generally available are needed. Technology education could use nanoscience and nanotechnology to evoke a dialogue on important issues, for example the relationships between science, technology and society. Concerning the fact that nanotechnology is reality, not a science fiction, it should also be included in curricula in pre-higher education. Currently, there are no topics related to nanotechnology in Slovenian education at the level of middle schools. The paper, therefore, includes suggestions for inclusion of some topics related to nanotechnology into middle school curricula within the existing compulsory subject engineering and technology, and in one of the elective subjects.


Despite the growing number of gamma-ray sources detected by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT), about one-third of the sources in each survey remains of uncertain type. We present a new deep neural network approach for the classification of unidentified or unassociated gamma-ray sources in the last release of the Fermi-LAT catalogue (4FGL-DR2) obtained with 10 yr of data. In contrast to previous work, our method directly uses the measurements of the photon energy spectrum and time series as input for the classification, instead of specific, human-crafted features. Dense neural networks, and for the first time in the context of gamma-ray source classification recurrent neural networks, are studied in depth. We focus on the separation between extragalactic sources, i.e. active galactic nuclei, and Galactic pulsars, and on the further classification of pulsars into young and millisecond pulsars. Our neural network architectures provide powerful classifiers, with a performance that is comparable to previous analyses based on human-crafted features. Our benchmark neural network predicts that of the sources of uncertain type in the 4FGL-DR2 catalogue, 1050 are active galactic nuclei and 78 are Galactic pulsars, with both classes following the expected sky distribution and the clustering in the variability–curvature plane. We investigate the problem of sample selection bias by testing our architectures against a cross-match test data set using an older catalogue, and propose a feature selection algorithm using autoencoders. Our list of high-confidence candidate sources labelled by the neural networks provides a set of targets for further multiwavelength observations addressed to identify their nature. The deep neural network architectures we develop can be easily extended to include specific features, as well as multiwavelength data on the source photon energy and time spectra coming from different instruments.


The most probable cause of the difference in incidence of stillbirths between the three districts of north Lincolnshire is infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Of the 19 stillbirths which occurred in Barton-on-Humber at least 3, and possibly as many as 10, are likely to have been due to toxoplasmosis. In only three cases could another cause for the stillbirth be definitely established, and the dye-test titres of two of these three mothers were among the three lowest titres observed in the series. The high incidence of malpresentation in Barton-onHumber during this time could be due to toxoplasmosis, there being evidence in three out of the six breech presentations that the foetus was already dead or deformed prior to the onset of labour. If 10 of the 19 stillbirths were due to toxoplasmosis the remaining nine due to other causes would represent a rate of 28.2. This is still higher than the rates for England and Wales, but the difference is not significant.


This issue of Hemodialysis International is a collection of the Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Hemodialysis (HD), which was held from March 7 to 10, 2009, in conjunction with the 29th Annual Dialysis Conference. It contains 2 original articles, 2 review articles, and 3 case reports. At the outset, I would like to place on record the deep sense of loss that we all feel on the passing of Barbara Prowant, RN, one of the coeditors of the Annual Proceedings. Barb, as we knew her, was an indefatigable soul and valiantly fought her battle against cancer till the very last days by immersing herself in doing what she loved most, working. Sadly, cancer eventually claimed her life and in the process we lost a much-admired and valuable colleague. In the first of the 2 original papers, on page S2, Yamashita et al. describe the effect of packing density on the solute removal performance of hollow-fiber dialyzers. The authors report the effect of varying packing densities on the clearances of solutes of different molecular weights as a function of different blood flow and dialysate flow rates. This paper also highlights the role that internal filtration plays in the clearance of larger molecular weight solutes. In the second paper, on page S8, Ogata et al. present a fascinating analysis of the simultaneous effects of genetic and environmental influences on the outcomes of Japanese ESRD patients in the United States. The authors not only found significant differences in this group of patients vis-à-vis Asian and non-Asian American patients but also with native Japanese patients who have a similar genetic makeup. On page S13, Davenport reviews the latest literature on the effect of dialyzer membrane selection on the outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis. The author underscores the important point that despite the lack of any hard evidence in favor of more biocompatible membranes on the outcome of AKI, one must realize the possible impact of the heterogeneous nature of the patient population on such an analysis. A very large prospective randomized trial with clearly defined end points and diverse patient subsets is the only way to answer this question in a convincing manner. In the first of the 3 case reports, Agrawal et al. describe their single-center experience of obtaining intracardiac access for hemodialysis in patients who have run out of all conventional access options on page S18. They provide a careful description of the 3 patients in their institution who underwent intracardiac access placement for emergent hemodialysis, followed by a detailed review of the literature on this issue. Onuigbo et al., on page S24, discuss the potentially detrimental effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone (RAA) system in elderly CKD patients. Based on their experience, the authors highlight their concerns on the problem of an increased incidence of AKI in elderly CKD patients on RAA system blockade. They highlight the need for caution in using such agents in the elderly and present a detailed review of the literature on this very important and growing problem. In the final case report in this issue, Adeniyi et al. describe a patient with spontaneous erythrocytosis on chronic hemodialysis on page S30. Acquired cystic disease is an often-encountered problem in such patients and should be kept in the differential diagnosis when faced with a diagnostic dilemma in a relevant clinical scenario. In the end, I feel deeply indebted to Claire Oser. Claire, has once again been perfect in every sense of the word when it comes to taking care of the myriad of little (and big) things that always crop up during production of an issue. She is meticulous and detail oriented and makes sure that we continue to strive for excellence every step of the way. Thanks, Claire!


This paper reports on experience teaching object-oriented programming in Ada, with emphasis on constructs that support full OOP in Ada 95. In Ada 95 this support is achieved through the integration of individual language constructs, rather than through a single syntactic entity. These constructs are easy to understand and teach, but the instructor must ensure that students comprehend that object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm, and that arbitrary use of the language constructs does not constitute OOP.


At present,there are a large number of earth and rockfill dams which are being built or will be built in the west of China,the high intensity area of earthquakes,so the aseismatic measures are very important for those dams.In this paper,the main failure modes of earth and rockfill dams due to earthquake were briefly reviewed,including earthquake-induced permanent deformation,landslide failure,liquefaction,anti-seepage damage,and secondary damage.According to those failure modes,the aseismatic measures of high earth and rockfill dams built in meizoseismal areas were summed up,including the reserved freeboard,toe weight,crest reinforcement,anti-liquefaction measures,seepage treatment.Then the merits and faults of current calculating methods and aseismatic measures of the high earth and rockfill dams were pointed out;at last,suggestions were put forward for the seismic stability study of high earth and rockfill dams in future.


Since the great pandemic of influenza from 1916 to 1920, renewed interest has been shown in the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic encephalitis. As experience has increased in the management of this condition we have found that a great many cases do not conform to the classical symptomatology that was first described by von Economo in 19171. While the severe, acute manifestations may consist of "somnolence, ophthalmoplegia and profound asthenia," the onset in most of our cases has not been so typical. For the sake of accuracy the lethargic type of encephalitis must be differentiated particularly from such conditions as benign lymphocytic choriomeningitis, disseminated encephalomyelitis, and acute multiple sclerosis. Of even greater importance is the necessity for the careful differential diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, brain tumor, brain abscess, atypical types of meningitis, or hysterical cataleptic states. Likewise, the cerebral manifestations of general disease may simulate acute encephalitis such as diabetic coma, uremia, metastatic brain lesions, or syphilis of the central nervous system. If a careful clinical and laboratory study is made in all cases, the lesion can usually be placed in its proper category. At the Clinic, among the early acute cases of encephalitis, we have found that the most common symptoms are headache, somnolence, coma, oculomotor disturbances, nausea or vomiting, and fatigue. In certain cases we often find severe vertigo, disturbances of speech, convulsions, monoplegia or hemiplegia. Not infrequently our study of these patients must include not only the usual clinical or neurological examination with various blood chemical and serological studies and the determination of spinal fluid pressures, but in more difficult cases an encephalogram becomes necessary. The subarachnoid fluid is studied for total protein, globulin, differential cell count, colloidal gold, and Wassermann reaction. With the aid of such data, we are able to determine, as a rule, whether the case requires medical or surgical treatment and whether the disease is of virus or bacterial etiology. When we consider the nature of the neurotrophic virus, we can understand, to some extent, why treatment has been so ineffectual. This pathogenic substance, whether bacterial or chemical, is an obligate parasite which appears to live and reproduce within the grey matter of the central nervous system. Likewise, the cellular protoplasm of the


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Methods of transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate an influence of the processing, involving severe isothermal deformation with stage-by-stage decreasing temperature in the range of 200 – 400°C, realized by multidirectional forging and subsequent rolling, on distribution and size of the second phases in a commercial rod of MA14 (Mg-6Zn-0,6Zr) alloy. It is established that forging at 400 and 300°C with a total true strain of е ~ 10 practically eliminates the string type structure of coarse excess phases peculiar to the pressed semi-finished products. Besides it considerably reduces the size of these particles with no changes in their volume fraction, preserving at a level of 3 – 4 %. Decreasing the temperature of forging up to 200°C, below the solvus point of the main strengthening β-phase (MgZn2 ), intensifies decomposition of the supersaturated by Zn magnesium solid solution with formation of about 2 % of precipitates. The processes of excess phase refinement and solid solution decomposition with precipitation of near 8 % of phases were continued at rolling under the same temperature conditions. They resulted in anisotropic character of phase distribution in the form of secondary string structure of the coarsest excess phases elongated in the rolling direction. Besides, the strong anisotropy in size and densities of β-phase plateshape precipitates, as in interparticle spacing, determined by direct measurements in long and transverse sheet sections, was formed. It was concluded that the last factor is the main reason for the yield strength anisotropy that observed under ambient temperature tension in the ultrafine-grained alloy sheet processed via mentioned complex treatment. The nature of second phase structure evolution, as well as development of anisotropy of their distribution during the alloy deformation was discussed.


This paper discusses the current development in the studies on industrial competition in China.It synthesizes the three aspects into a factor structure model,i.e.,the aspect of competitiveness factors,the aspect of mechanism,and the aspect of external affecting factors.The model is applied to the case of the shoe industry clustering of Jinjiang City.The analysis purports to provide a composite understanding on the competitiveness of industrial clustering phenomenon.


Mobile Cloud computing is the ability of cloud computing services in the environment of mobile by providing different and optimal services for mobile users. Mobile Cloud Computing incorporates all elements of mobile networks and cloud computing. In MCC data and computing modules can be processed in the cloud and mobile device have no need to do configuration like memory capacity, CPU speed etc. However mobile device facing up many struggles in their resources like privacy, mobility and security. These challenges have large affect in the improvement of service qualities of MCC. In this paper, we discuss the review on MCC technologies and its architecture, characteristics, applications, advantages, limitations and offloading techniques of mobile cloud computing.


The article analyzes the nature, methodology and techniques of modern political analysis; it shows its types, structure, algorithms, paradigms, values and ethics. The author deals with the theoretical, empirical and applied analysis, with the value of interdisciplinary humanities and with new approaches.


The River Sea Pusher System is a new logistic concept for transferring cargo between ports in the European hinterland and overseas destinations. The concept comprises of push barges, covering the trip from origin to destination, switching pusher tugs with either a river or a sea going capability at a near coast base. Barges and pushers are linked through the 'Articouple' system. The system provides an alternative for short sea shipping and truck-ferry transport. Based on previous work, a combined study into the risk assessment and logistic simulation revealed the potential of this innovative system. The logistic performance of a 'minimal' implementation was simulated, dealing with vessel performance, infrastructure restrictions, traffic environment and safety critical phases of the journey. Accidents and incidents prove to not only inflict damage to the vessels or jeopardize the societal acceptance of a new system, but also may cause delays in operational practice, reducing the performance of the system. The simulation proves that it is profitable to create synergy by acting upon minor delays and to ensure safety in order to enable swift and smooth operations of the River Sea Pusher System and consequently, to guarantee the availability of the system.


Proboscidactyla IS A GENUS of two-tentacled hydroid that has been found only on tubes of sabellid polychaete worms. The polychaete species whose tubes support the hydroid vary in different parts of the world; in any particular locality only one or two polychaete species apparently support the hydroid. In the Puget Sound area, only one species of this hydroid, Proboscidactyla fiavicirrata (Fig. 1), has been reported, and it is found only on the tubes of the polychaetes Schizobranchia insignis and Pseudopotamilla ocellata. A mature colony of P. fiavicirrata forms a dense ring around the open end of its host's tube. Only the gastrozooids actually come into contact with the radioles (tentacles) of the worm, however. The gonozooids of the hydroid form a concentric ring just below that of the gastrozooids. Aberrant gonozooids are sometimes found at scattered locations on the worm tube, but gastrozooids are restricted to the rim of the tube (Campbell, 1968 b). In the absence of the worm (i.e ., if the worm is removed from its intact tube or if the tip of the tube with its attendant colony is excised and maintained thereafter apart from the worm) the hydroid gastrozooids dedifferentiate and are resorbed. Upon reintroduction of a host worm, dedifferentiated colonies will redifferentiate. Aspects of this peculiar morphogenetic behavior are examined. I would like to thank Dr. A. T. Newberry for his help in the preparation of this article.


Overall it looks as though pharmacologic rate control is still the preferred therapy for new onset AF, but a new study identifies some interesting trends in the use of drugs for both rhythm and rate.


Energy issues are very important for our civilization. Taking into account the perspective of sustainability a lot of attention is devoted to the sources of primary Energy characterized with low emission. Among them shale gas has gained in importance as the primary energy source. The paper presents the role of shale gas in the implementation of the main paradigm of sustainable development, i.e. the intergenerational equity. As the reference, the necessity of implementing water intakes monitoring has been pointed out.


This study investigated the determinants of willingness-to-pay for agronomic soil conservation practices among crop-based farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 90 crop-based farmers from six communities across the three agricultural zones in the State. Data were collected with the used of structured questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, binary probit model and factor analysis. The results obtained from the analyses showed that the effects of soil degradation on agricultural production in the area include: Pollution, limited space for agricultural production, erosion, deteriorated environmental quality and reduced soil nutrients among others. The socio-economic attributes of the farmers that significantly influenced their willingness-to-pay for agronomic soil conservation measures include: age (p


We propose a protocol for teleporting an unknown coherent-state superposition within a network consisting of 2{sup N} parties with N an arbitrary positive integer. We show explicitly that for moderate and high intensity fields the probability of success is 50%, i.e. the same as in the case of N=1.


Abstract. Dreadfulness of Lapindo mud is one of phemonenal tragedies in Indonesia. Most horrifying talked about the victim, they are suffering and being deeply hurts. Extremely, Lapindo mud was not much horrendous as tsunami tragedy, but these phenomenon takes the long times to cure all the pain. With phenomenology, victim identity will segmented by many factors. There are about natural, structural and cultural segmented. Composing conspiration between actor and strategy hold this phenomenon getting worst.


The criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders is not mentioned in our law,and there are disagreements on this issue in the circle of jurisprudence and forensic psychiatry. The main problem focuses on how to assess the criminal responsibility when a drug addict is not able to recognize or control his own act. The author analyzes the evaluation of criminal responsibility of drug induced mental patients from the angle of laws and insists that the evaluation be lack of legal basis and not be good for case treatment when forensic experts take into account of the patients' psychology in evaluation. So it is not appropriate for forensic psychiatry to evaluate the criminal responsibility of drug induced mental patients.


The BackPage ..................................... 108 Back Pain Comorbidities Spur Heavy Resource Use; Does Leisure-Time Physical Activity Prevent Chronic Back Pain?; Should Readers Discount Evidence From Confl icted Authors? IN THIS ISSUE Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the Netherlands have concluded that a common treatment for chronic low back pain—radiofrequency denervation (RFDN) of nerves supplying spinal joints—doesn't have any clinically signifi cant impact on pain and disability and should be dropped from the standard clinical arsenal. The studies are the product of a promising new model for evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatments new and old. This innovative approach may speed the introduction of new treatments into clinical practice as well as weed out many marginal treatments that don't deserve continuing reimbursement. (See related articles on pages 103 and 106.) These are the largest RCTs ever conducted in this area and are likely to impress governments, insurance companies, other third-party payers, and guideline architects. Tens of thousands of procedures performed annually—and millions of dollars in treatment costs— hang in the balance. Based on these results, the government of the Netherlands elected to stop reimbursing RFDN in the treatment of chronic pain attributed to the facet joints, sacroiliac (SI) joints, intervertebral discs—and/or combinations of these potential pain generators. Other payers around the world will certainly consider following suit. For those who do not follow this area, RFDN is a procedure that delivers highfrequency electrical energy through a needlelike probe. The goal is to heat and damage nerve fi bers supplying spinal joints and other anatomy—and in theory prevent these nerves from transmitting pain signals to the spinal cord and brain. Potential treatment targets are generally identifi ed with anaesthetic blocks— to see if anesthetizing a particular nerve or joint will relieve offending symptoms. In a study with two lead authors, Johan N. S. Juch, MD, Esther Maas, PhD. and colleagues from universities and health centers across the Netherlands conducted RCTs of participants with chronic low back pain attributed to these spinal structures (See Juch et al., 2017.) Radiofrequency denervation did not fare well in these large clinical trials— collectively known as the MINT RCTs (Minimal Interventional Procedures for Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain). According to Juch et al., "Radiofrequency denervation combined with a standardized exercise program resulted in either no improvement or no clinically important improvement in chronic low back pain compared with a standardized exercise program alone. The fi ndings do not support the use of radiofrequency denervation to treat chronic low back pain from these sources." "Based on this study, radiofrequency denervation is not recommended and Should a Common Treatment for Chronic Back Pain Be Dropped From the Clinical Arsenal?


Contrary to previous statements, 4-nitroaniline can be protonated on the nitro group in the gas phase. This finding follows from the Hammett correlations of gas-phase basicities (GBs) of substituted anilines and nitrobenzenes. It can also be anticipated from AM1 calculations. By the same token, 4-cyanoaniline appears to be protonated on the cyano group, and methyl 4-aminobenzoate on the ester group. On the contrary, 3-nitroaniline, 3-cyanoaniline, 3-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline, 3- and 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline, and methyl 3- and 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate are protonated at the amino nitrogen. The site of protonation of 4-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline and methyl 3-aminobenzoate cannot be deduced. The Hammett correlation for protonated nitrobenzenes, requiring the + constants, draws attention to the structure of these protonated forms. Their enthalpies of formation were estimated from gas-phase basicity measurements and are discussed with respect to the resonance structures.


e20564 Background: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can benefit from the treatment of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. However, the selection in concurrent or sequential neoadjuvant treatment is still controversial. Therefore, the effective form of sequential neoadjuvant treatment as well as predictive biomarkers are still need to be further investigated. Methods: We carried out a multi-omics study on 12 enrolled NSCLC patients who received sequential neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments. The responses to therapy were rigorously evaluated. Biopsies pre and post neoadjuvant therapy were performed with whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing. Plasma at the different timepoints during therapy were collected and sequenced with TCR sequencing and ctDNA sequencing. Results: After neoadjuvant therapy, 10 were major pathological responses (MPR) and 2 were non major pathological responses (non-MPR). The analysis of TCR sequencing showed that high diversity along with the increase of dominance of T-cell receptor repertoire were observed after chemotherapy. At baseline, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) were higher in MPR group when compared with non-MPR group. Furthermore, tumor infiltrating CD8+ naïve T cells, Tregs and monocytes were associated with clinical benefit and patients with high ratio of CD8+ naïve T cells and monocytes have better pathological response. Conclusions: In this study, sequential neoadjuvant treatment of dose-limiting chemotherapy combined with sintilimab showed a promising antitumor activity in patients with resectable NSCLC. The changes of genomic, transcriptome and TCR repertoire were comprehensively analyzed and correlated with clinical outcomes. TMB, TNB and TCR repertoire are associated with the clinical benefit. The sequential therapy would also impact the immune microenvironment. These result indicate that sequential neoadjuvant treatment of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy could be a potential treatment for a defined group of patients with NSCLC.


ABSTRACT: The mainstay of management of physical urticaria is symptomatic therapy with H1‐type antihistamines, with preference being given to the nonsedating drugs. Patients vary in their responsiveness, in dependence of the type of physical urticaria. If even higher doses of H1 blockers fail, dapsone, sulfazalazine, chloroquine, and danazol may be tried as alternatives. Corticosteroids, though highly effective, are contraindicated because of long‐term adverse effects. Patients should also be advised to avoid eliciting stimuli or to use exposure only to induce the so‐called hardening, under medical supervision. Physicians should exclude sustaining diseases or drug intake. In cold urticaria, a trial with antibiotics is worthwhile. If all these possibilities are utilized to the advantage of the individual patient, physical urticaria is a generally well‐managed disease.


Objective : To develop and validate a simple, sensitive and isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), amlodipine besylate (AML) and cilnidipine (CIL) in pharmaceutical tablet formulation. Methods : In this work we have taken 2 combinations, combination 1-OLM & AML and combination 2-OLM & CIL. HPLC analysis was carried out by using reverse phase isocratic elution with a C 18 column and a mobile phase of 0.05 M ammonium acetate, acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 30:50:20, v/v, pH was adjusted to 7.3. Detection of the analyte was achieved by using UV detector at 240 nm. Results : The retention time of olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate and cilnidipine were 2.2, 3 and 4.5 minutes respectively. Linearity of the method was found to be in the concentration range of 10-100µg/ml for olmesartan medoxomil, 5-50µg/ml for amlodipine and 10-100µg/ml for cilnidipine. The correlation coefficient value was greater than 0.999 for all the analytes. Conclusion : The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and is applied for the estimation of these components simultaneously in pharmaceutical tablet formulation.


Interconnection network is an inevitable component that is responsible to the system's communication capability. It affects the system-level performance as well as the physical and logical structure of the parallel system. Many studies are reported to enhance the interconnection network technology, however, we have to further discuss remaining issues for building large-scale systems. One of the most important issues is congestion management. In an interconnection network, packets are transferred simultaneously, and the packets interfere to each other on the network. Congestion arises as a result of the interference among packets. Its fast spreading speed degrades communication performance drastically and it continues for long time. Thus, we should appropriately control the network to suppress the congested situation for maintaining the maximum performance. Many studies address the problem and present effective methods, however, the maximal performance in an ideal situation is not sufficiently clarified. Solving the ideal performance is, in general, an NP-hard problem. This paper introduces particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to overcome the problem. In this paper, we first formalize the optimization problem suitable for the PSO method and present three PSO methods for avoiding local minima. We furthermore introduce some non-PSO methods for comparison. Our preliminary evaluation results reveal high potentials of the PSO method.


In order to understand the structure of urban space, it is first necessary to identify the processes that originated its spatial structure and the patterns they produce from it. Conzen (2009) emphasizes that the spatial patterns characteristic of a city are determined by the land use and by the types of constructions. Therefore, based on the unequal nature of urban growth, we intend to present in this research, the changes that occurred in urban land use that bordered the axis of SC 401 and SC 404 from the 2000s, as a response to economic cycles during that period in Florianópolis, a city located in the South of Brazil. Since the 1970s, the State of Santa Catarina Island has presented a series of public investments that have been determining the consequent and excessive capacity of valorization of urban land to the present day. The implantation of these investments directly reflects the production of the urban space, from the moment its location promotes changes in the morphological structure of the city, modifying the physical or built form, the interdependence of the plan, the urban fabric and the use of the soil, through action of the social and economic agents that shape and/or transform it.