This article analyzes the present situation in integrated practice teaching of open education, collects some general opinions of reform and summarizes some actual effects in practice teaching and administration. It is proved that the reform is feasible and it plays an active role in the quality of practice teaching. The reform has its practicability and popularity.


Many global companies have committed to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains by 2020. But as increasing global deforestation rates indicate, most of them are not on track to meet that goal. One reason could be that approaches are too narrowly defined. Taking the example of Indonesia, our authors demonstrate how an overarching approach could help implement these corporate zero-deforestation commitments and supply chain initiatives together with all involved stakeholders in a manner beneficial to forests, the overall environment and human beings – and at scale.


Learners' attitudes are important for language learning. The attitude toward behavior construct, established in social psychology, was selected to elicit and examine learners' attitudes toward face-to-face and online language learning. Data were collected using two instruments—questionnaires and interviews with two groups: face-to-face (n = 681) and online language learning (n = 287). The results show that the attitude toward behavior concept is an effective theoretical framework for designing questionnaires to understand the factors that influence the participants' attitudes and to predict these in different learning environments. I compared the two groups' results and found a more positive attitude toward language learning in face-to-face environments than in online language learning settings. The mixed-method design enables us to assess learners' attitudes to the language learning environment. This informs curriculum design, policy, and support for teaching and learning.


This research paper intends to examine the effect of outside Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China for the period 1987 to 2013. It assessed the GDP development execution and evaluated the historical tend of the FDI and CPI in China. The connection between gross domestic product (GDP,) foreign direct investment and Inflation is measured with the assistance of various relapse models. We used T-statistics and multiple regressions on data. GDP in this model is utilized as dependent variable though FDI and swelling (CPI) are measured as independent variables. As indicated by the results, the model is general reveal that there is positive and significant relationship of GDP with FDI and also positive and significant relationship found between GDP and CPI. On the premise of the experimental results gained, policy maker should play a vital role to invest FDI may be included in the exchange of assets from less beneficial to more gainful divisions of the economy. Keywords : Foreign Direct Investment, Consumer Price Index, Gross Domestic Product, China.


In a world beset by health challenges of enormous proportions, and increasing disparities in the well-being and health of the poor and the affluent within and between countries, it behoves the editors of the journal to consider the contributions the arts can make given such global realities. In particular, we need to address the challenge that the concerns of this journal are either an elitist luxury available only to the already advantaged, or an irrelevant distraction, offering little or nothing to the task of tackling major sources of ill health, suffering and premature death in the world. Such views are brought into striking relief by the total absence of any reference to the arts in the recent report from the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health, Closing the gap in a generation (CSDH, 2008). The report is a clarion call to recognise the growing levels of inequity in global health, and to acknowledge the key political, social and economic factors exacerbating health inequalities between and within countries throughout the world. Whatever powers the arts may have in relation to improving a sense of well-being and quality of life, it perhaps strains credulity to think that any form of creative arts practice or experience could help to address the serious and pressing challenges the Commission attempted to grapple with. To quote just a few of the statistics scattered throughout the report:


We document the use of organic raw material in late Pleistocene eastern Beringia through the study of the site of Swan Point CZ4b, in central Alaska. CZ4b is attributed to the Dyuktai culture and dates to about 14,000 cal B.P. We interpret the occupation as a specialized workshop dedicated to the production and maintenance of organic-based tools following three lines of evidence: (1) limited on-site consumption of megafauna, (2) diversity of organic raw materials and techniques used in processing them, and (3) spatial demarcation of specialized activity areas. Specialized workshops are located in the vicinity of naturally occurring accumulations of mammoth bones in both western and eastern Beringia and suggest similarities in animal resource use across Beringia for the Dyuktai culture. Organic technology was a major portion of Dyuktai technology in eastern Beringia, and its lack of visibility in archaeological assemblages is probably due to taphonomic reasons. Changes in the availability of organic raw material throughout the Late Pleistocene offer some implications for the evolution of lithic technology and material culture.


The invention discloses a voltage type quasi-impedance source AC-AC converter which comprises a quasi-impedance source network, an alternative-current electric switch S1, an alternative current electric switch S2, a power supply and a load, wherein the quasi-impedance source network charges and discharges power periodically; the alternative-current electric switch S1 and the alternative current electric switch S2 work in a high-frequency switch state. The output voltage of the voltage type quasi-impedance source AC-AC converter can be controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the alternative-current electric switch S1 and the alternative current electric switch S2 working in the high-frequency switch state, and the output voltage can be increased or decreased, so that the problems that a conventional AC-AC converter is small in voltage adjustment range and electric devices can be damaged by both common-mode power-on and common-mode power-off when switches are powered on alternatively can be finally solved.


As the first development area in time and space,the promoter region of development zone is the key area of re-development currently.Based on the background of national macroeconomic control and the self-development need of development zones,research on such space has strong practical significances.Taking Jiangning Economic-Technological Development Zone as a typical case,this paper combs its development process,illustrates the need for re-development,analyzes the actuality of re-development in the aspects of function,space,environment and timing point of the promoter region.Finally,the author separately analyzes the impetus of the government,the market,enterprises and policies to the promoter region re-development.


An improved tool, which comprises a liquid is used having a temperature exceeds approximately 700 ℃ brazing filler metal is brazed to a cemented carbide substrate up supported by a cemented carbide composite abrasive compacts particles . The composite compact is preferably a composite polycrystalline diamond compacts. Braze alloy brazing filler metal which is having the following composition by weight: palladium, 20-80% Cr 2-13% Ni remainder of boron, 1-4%


The article considers a summary of basic theoretical approaches to psychological work with students-orphans and students without parental care from the perspective of innovative for educational practices technologies, namely cognitive-behavioral psychological counseling and visual -narrative techniques using spektrocards.


Summary Deep learning has showed success in various industries for different processing tasks. However, it is still in the initial stage of the application of seismic exploration. In this paper, we propose to apply deep learning technology to detect seismic faults. The residual neural network (Resnet) is used to build the U-net model for seismic fault detection. And multi-scale and multi-level feature are extracted from seismic data. In the training stage, we use field dataset to train the U_net model. Finally, field data experiment demonstrates that our proposed U-net model is feasible for seismic fault detection. In the meantime, our research will help promote the intelligent development of seismic faults interpretation and provides a reference for further studies of seismic data processing and interpretation.


The development of computer technology has brought many potential benefits to language learners, and is beneficial to both of language teaching and learning. This paper summarizes many different characteristics and advantages of language learning in a computer environment. Based on the author's practical experience, form of learning methods in the new environment, and puts forward corresponding language learning strategies for the purpose of adapting to development and improving efficiency.


A accumulator-free alternating-current generator and an under-voltage protection device thereof are provided. The accumulator-free alternating-current generator comprises an under-voltage protection device. The under-voltage protection device is arranged in a regulator of the accumulator-free alternating-current generator. The under-voltage protection device comprises an overload protection mechanism which is connected with an output end of the accumulator-free alternating-current generator, a power supply unit of the accumulator-free alternating-current generator and an excitation switch of the accumulator-free alternating-current generator in order to control excitation and voltage output of the accumulator-free alternating-current generator. The accumulator-free alternating-current generator has an under-voltage protection function. When the output end of the generator is abnormal, the generator can be prevented from continuing running due to continuous excitation of a storage battery, and therefore, the alternating-current generator and vehicle-borne electrical appliances are protected.


In laboratory studies, the LD50 of conidia of B, bassiana, an important entomopathogenic fugus, was found to be 181.78 mg/kg to white mouse and 116.92 mg/kg to rat by abdominal injection. In the test of injecting B. bassiana spore suspension into the trachea of rat, various organ tissues on nutrient media were incubated for 1-9 days after the injection. No B. bassiana was detected from tissues of heart, liver, spleen, kidney and blood, but was found in lung tissues at one and three days after the injection. It is concluded that B. bassiana spores can not enter the body organs of rat through lung infection.


Whereas the telephone has been employed as an alternative pedagogical device in many East Asian countries (e.g., Korea, China, the Philippines etc.),...


Abstract. A more efficient individual animal management system is necessary for cattle production in Japan. Individual management systems using wearable sensors for cattle at production sites have been introduced. However they entail many difficulties including high costs and stress of the animals. Recently, production sites have used network camera systems to monitor individual cow conditions. Some reports of earlier studies have described systems of analyzing animal behavior using object detection techniques. This report presents investigation of the possibility of identifying individual Japanese black cow faces using object detection technique. We examined the number of training images, the acquisition time of training images, the locations of cows during image capture, the bounding box range, and the distance between the camera and cow during image capture. Cow face images were taken using a digital video camera (FDR-X3000; Sony Corp.). Training data were labeled using annotation software (VoTT 1.72, VoTT 2.2.0; Microsoft Corp.). Then AI models were produced using the YOLOv4 object detection algorithm. Results demonstrated that the correct answer rate decreased to have different standing positions of cows between the training image and the test image. Accuracy improvement can be expected by including images of various standing positions and distances for each cow in the dataset.


Polynomial functions on the group of units Qn of the ring Z2n are considered. A finite set of reduced polynomials RPn in Z(x) that induces the polynomial functions on Qn is determined. Each polynomial function on Qn is induced by a unique reduced polynomial - the reduction being made using a suitable ideal in Z(x). The set of reduced polynomials forms a multiplicative 2-group. The obtained results are used to efficiently construct families of exponential cardinality of, so called, huge k-ary quasigroups, which are useful in the design of various types of cryptographic primitives. Along the way we provide a new (and simpler) proof of a result of Rivest characterizing the permutational polynomials on Z2n.


Sport, needless to say, occupies an important part of our lives. In comparison, however, the study of sport as a serious intellectual discipline continues to remain underdeveloped. While historical matters of far less importance have had their recorders and commentators and their conferences and literature, historians have taken a very long time to appreciate the relevance of sport. Within the constraints of an already under-researched field, a neglect of sources in the vernacular further contributes to a skewed understanding of particular events, ones that have played crucial roles in India's colonial context. Vernacular sources, more often than not, present a fundamentally different understanding of history in relation to Englishlanguage sources. This appendix attempts to demonstrate how a study of vernacular (Bengali) tracts on sport is crucial to an understanding of imperialist-nationalist politics in late nineteenthand early twentieth-century Bengal, in an attempt to bring into focus the significance of such materials for future studies on sport. I use the much-commented-upon Mohun Bagan victory in the IFA shield final in 1911 to demonstrate these differences. Such discrepancies, it will be evident, played a crucial role in the development of sports journalism in the vernacular from the 1930s. While English journals and newspapers explain the spread of British sports in terms of an imperial agenda, vernacular literature argues to the contrary. Neglect of these vernacular reports often results in a flawed understanding of the sporting history of a nation. The incipient nationalist sentiments associated with the appropriation of colonial sports in India are completely lost in histories based on English-language sources alone. This argument becomes clear from an analysis of reports following the famous Mohun Bagan victory of 1911. [1] While the English press saw it as a success of the imperial strategy of 'civilizing mission', vernacular reports clearly looked upon it as a triumph of Bengali/ Indian nationalism. Having imported cricket and other sports to discipline the colonial subjects, colonialists necessarily needed to look on native sporting prowess as a symbol of the success of the imperial agenda. The suggestion that native success on the sporting field could bring in its wake a nationalist resurgence was peremptorily dismissed. This may have been prompted by an underlying realization and consequent apprehension that sport had the potential to stir up a national resurgence in the colonies; and imperialists did their best to blunt this potential. More than the reasons The International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 23, No. 6, September 2006, 1069 – 1075


Demand still exists for services to small communities, but new, more efficient aircraft to serve them are few and far between, as Kathryn Creedy reports.


A general approach for harmonic and interharmonic analysis of multi-stage conversion systems is formalized. The approach is based on frequency coupling matrices (FCMs) relating voltage and current harmonics and interharmonics. Each component of the conversion system is classified as linear time - invariant or non-linear time -invariant or non-linear time variant and a systematic procedure to build up its FCM is presented. Then, according to the specific topology of the conversion system, single-component FCMs are opportunely combined to deduce a whole-system FCM. This matrix allows to estimate the absorbed current due to voltage interharmonics, to analyze the admittance of the conversion system and to investigate the current amplitude dependence on the supply voltage phase; such possibilities are shown with reference to a test system.


Two types of crosses were made by NCⅡdesign.The typeⅠwas made between five high fiber quality upland cotton varieties as female and two other high fiber quality varieties as males.The typeⅡwas made between the five same females and three Bt transgenic lines as males.Gene action and heterosis of main characters of the two types of crosses were analyzed using the genetic model of addictive dominance.The 25 crosses and their parents were planted at agricultural experiment station of Jiangxi Agricultural University in Jiangxi Province.The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with three replicates.50 normal opened bolls per plot were picked for assaying the boll weight,lint percentage.Seed cotton was harvested eventually.All the fiber samples were tested with HVI system in Cotton Research Institute of CAAS.The results showed:there existed very significantly additive and dominant effects for the seed cotton yield of the two types.Only dominant effects were found to be statistically significant for the bolls per plant and boll weight in the typeⅠ,which were controlled by additive and dominant effects in the typeⅡ.The fiber quality traits were mainly controlled by additive effects in both types,but strong dominant effects also existed in fiber length.Positive F1 heterosis over better-parent value was found for the seed cotton yield and bolls per plant in the typeⅠ.The contrary result appeared in the typeⅡ.There were relatively low F1 heterosis over mid-parent value for the fiber length and micronaire value and negative F1 heterosis for fiber strength in the two types.It was suggested that the crosses between high fiber quality lines could be used to increased yield in large extent and preserve the excellent fiber quality.


This paper presents modeling, simulation and analysis of switched reluctance motor (SRM). Switched reluctance motors are used in applications such as electric vehicles, washers, dryers and aerospace applications as the machine is brushless, maintenance free and has rugged and simple construction. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to simulate linear model of SRM. A 1HP machine is designed for possible applications such as direct drive in washing machines and electric vehicles. Conventional PI and fuzzy logic controllers are used to control the speed of SRM. Simulation results verify considerable reduction in torque ripple and speed settling time when fuzzy controller is employed compared to PI controller. Field programmed gate array (FPGA) control fabricated with Xilinx Spartan 3E developed board for SRM is presented. The experimental results of SRM with PI and fuzzy control verify the simulation results.


For the past 30 years, Indonesia and Malaysia have used television as a normative cultural force in nation building. In 1984 and 1990 Malaysia and Indonesia respectively deregulated their television sectors and have since introduced national commercial and international satellite television services (Table 1). Under conditions of globalized electronic communications, Indonesia and Malaysia have had to re-think the regulation of television as they wrestle with a perceived loss of cultural control and identity as a result of the policies of deregulation. They have also had to contend with pressure for change in regulatory principles and practices exerted by non-state or civil society actors such as political oppositions, consumer groups, non-government organizations and commercial interests. This discussion is a comparative review of one aspect of regulatory ®̀ rst principles', namely the idea of the subject inscribed in recent Indonesian and Malaysian legislation. Regulation may be narrowly understood as the statutes, the institutions and policies that govern the operation of media business. But regulation can be understood more broadly as governance, and as a concern with cultural affairs, practices, and policies, and the regulation of audiences. Regulation, that is to say, can be understood as a system of discipline and normalization, a speci® c avenue along which dominant norms, values and beliefs of society are made explicit and distributed. Understood in this way, regulation rubs up against issues such as civil society, and the creation and maintenance of a public sphere. It is in this broader sense that I will consider regulation here. My focus on the subject of legislation is unusual in the literature of broadcasting regulation. Such discussions are usually concerned with the intervention of the state into commercial activities, market relations, and with the state's rights in regulating and licensing so-called public goods. Generally, and often tediously, discussion is concerned with the institutional form of regulation in different polities. My focus here, however, is on the discourse of power relations inscribed in regulatory language and discourse. My attention is directed to the way legislation is a mode of cultural normalization as well as legal control, which seeks to regulate audiences and other modes of participation in media functions. Understood in this way, broadcasting regulation is read as imagining relations between idealized or model subjects and the polity. The argument here is that, within regulatory discourse and practices, there is a suppressed narrative of the subject, a narrative that may be read as a socio-cultural relation, a way of ascribing meaning to individuals and groups in society. Uncovering the masked relations between regulatory authorities and audiences draws attention to the challenges and possibilities that civil society and state actors face in developing the attitude of self-re ̄ exivity vital for `an open, pluralistic civil society protected and nurtured by publicly accountable sate mechanisms' (Keane 1998: 64).


Cardinal Nicolo Albergati, best known as mediator in the Hundred Years War, is much overlooked by scholars studying the Council of Basel (1431-1449) and its conflict with Pope Eugene IV (1431-1447). Focusing on the cardinal, it becomes apparent that too little attention has been paid to papal politics towards the council, as well as to the role of the other cardinals in the said conflict. On the one hand, Albergati had ties of friendship with the cardinals and several other important council fathers at Basel and, on the other, had a friendly relationship with the pope. He made it possible for the pope and his cardinals, who initially mistrusted one another, to establish a communication of friendship and to reunite. Influencing the stance of the cardinals towards the pope, he made it possible for them to weigh in on papal decisions and in finetuning papal politics towards the council, he made the pope more successful in his conflict with the council fathers.


Connectionist artificial intelligence (AI) can power many critical tasks for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). However, connectionist AI lacks interpretability and usually needs large amount of data for learning. A Markov logic network (MLN), which combines first-order logic (FOL) with statistical learning, learns weighted FOL formulas for inference. MLNs can incorporate domain expert knowledge in the form of FOL formulas to achieve data-efficient learning and transparent decision process. In this paper, we propose a hybrid driving decision-making system, which integrates a MLN module and a deep Q-network (DQN) for enhanced driving safety. The MLN module evaluates the safety of ranked actions from DQN to reduce potential collisions. A collective MLN (Co-MLN) learning algorithm is proposed and it enables CAVs collectively learn a global MLN model for safe state transitions, given distributed small amount of noisy data. A hybrid DQN-MLN learning algorithm is also developed for CAVs to collectively learn to drive in new driving environments. Simulations performed using a highway driving simulator show that the proposed Co-MLN algorithm is highly data-efficient and the learned hybrid driving system can effectively reduce collisions. In addition, the learned MLN module provides transparency for safety-critical driving decisions.


The effects of dormancy breaking chemical have long been specified and the utilization of these materials are common in many subtropical areas where do not provide adequate chilling requirement for buds to bloom. Although, grape as a fruit that is grown in subtropical areas does not have a high chilling requirement, its fulfillment is crucial to release bud dormancy and for its optimal growth. So, it is necessary to consider the effect of dormancy-breaking chemical on this product. In present research, the effects of dormex in three concentrations of 3%, 5% and 7% and volk oil in three concentrations of 3%, 5% and 7% as two bud dormancy breaking chemical have been evaluated in a split-plot experiment on some qualitative and quantitative properties of Sultani grape cultivar such as yield, bunch weight, number of berry per bunch, bunch length and width, length and volume of berry, 100 berries' weight, number of seeds per berry and pH, TSS, TA, TSS / TA, and vitamin C. Results which were analyzed by SAS software indicated that in bushes treated with 7% dormex and 7% volk oil, the yield and bunch weight, bunch length and width, berry weight and volume dramatically increased, and this increase is proportional to the concentration of applied substance. Generally, it is concluded that the application of dormancy-breaking chemicals has great impact on yield improvement and other quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grapevine bushes and can meet the side effects resulting from the lack of adequate chilling requirement of grapevine. The application of 7% dormex significantly increased the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grapevine in Ahvaz.


ABSTRACT Defining creativity remains an Achilles heel of creativity research. In 2004, Plucker, Beghetto, and Dow placed a call to action for more consistent, clearer conceptions of creativity to move research forward and support practitioners across fields. The present study replicated and expanded on their study by surveying articles from business, education, psychology, and creativity journals (n = 600). Results suggested small but notable improvements in the reporting of explicit definitions and field-specific trends addressing creativity in contexts. There were also strong suggestions from the data that elements present in creativity conceptions are strongly field-specific. Although these findings were encouraging, issues regarding congruence across and within fields persist even on core elements such as novelty and usefulness. At a time when academic research is becoming more integrative, the degree of and implications of this lack of coherence and transparency are discussed.


This paper explores the utility of psychoanalysis for understanding the underlying meaning of healthcare work. At times deeply fulfilling, while at other times demanding and thankless, the provision of healthcare takes a unique toll on the psyche. Psychoanalysis is particularly suited for highlighting the paradoxical character of healthcare work because of its focus on the unconscious, emotional and irrational aspects of psychic life. Exploring the latent meaning of healthcare work, as well as the complex interplay between work and worker, allows for deeper insight into contemporary issues of healthcare management and organization.


ASEAN needs to have a clearer direction of how to engage with the private sector and to align investment from non-ASEAN countries with development plans at both sub-region and regional level, says a Singapore thinktank report. Some believe it could take 10-15 years for the AEC's potential to be achieved . . .


Abstract This article considers the significance of dirt to three Western texts: Lonesome Land, Mudbound, and Brokeback Mountain. The overall argument is that the more complicated and ambiguous dirt is permitted to be, the more imaginative and critical potential it has for the iconography of the contemporary Western. Taking B.M. Bower's 1912 Western Romance as a model, it is argued that the dirt aesthetic is crucial to how Westerns construct the myth of the American character. This is further complicated by intersections between representations of the White rural poor, women (as for both Lonesome Land and Mudbound, there are connotations of sexual impurity in the dirty White female body), and representations of queerness. In the two versions of Brokeback Mountain, Annie Proulx's short story and Ang Lee's film, we see the ambiguity of dirt: it can be read as an essential part of the American land, or as polluting waste matter. The critical framework draws on feminist history and criticism via Kathleen Healey and Phyllis Palmer; sociological theories of imagining poverty in North America via Kate Cairns and Winfried Fluck; and queer theory via Christopher Schmidt.


Abstract. In this paper, we propose a discrete-time host-pathogen model and study its qualitative behavior. The model is for the spread of an infectious disease with constant mortality rate of hosts. Moreover, the time-step is equal to the duration of the infectious phase, and the host mortality is taken at some constant rate d > 0. This two-dimensional discrete-time epidemic model has complex dynamical behavior. More precisely, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium point, boundedness character, local and global asymptotic stability of unique positive equilibrium point, and the rate of convergence of positive solutions that converge to unique positive equilibrium point. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our theoretical results.


In his Nobel acceptance lecture in 1981, Roger Sperry, who was awarded the Prize for Physiology or Medicine, argued that his research and that of his collaborators had demonstrated that the right hemisphere of split-brain patients had a rich cognitive and emotional life that might be said to rival that of the left hemisphere in many respects. This cemented the belief that two consciousness may exist side by side, so to speak. Such a belief is not uncommon, even amongst distinguished researchers. It arose in great part because some split-brain patients have been afflicted by the "wild-hand syndrome," in which the patient, say, would reach for an object with his right hand, only to have the left hand block or undue the action. This phenomenon made a strong impression on many observers, who then concluded that the two hemispheres, each with its own consciousness, were in conflict with each other. However, many considerations from psychology and neuroscience lead to a simpler and more nuanced explanation without recourse to extraordinary claims: The different hemispheres are conscious at different times, depending on the task. For example, in classical experiments by Gazzaniga and LeDoux, it seems obvious that the split-brain patient is not conscious of what his right hemisphere has processed. It is not merely that the patient is not able to verbalize his experience, or that he is confused. For the patient is quite confident, indeed adamant, that he has seen nothing, and even resorts to confabulation to explain his choices. Whatever mental process takes place in the right hemisphere clearly meets the McGovern-Baars operational criteria to qualify as an unconscious process. Moreover, lesions to the SMA also create the "alien hand syndrome" without any mysterious dual consciousness. The case of split-brain patients operates on similar mechanisms. Keywords-dual consciousness; split-brain; action control; operational definition; neuroscience


Invitation to mammography screening of women aged 40 to 49 years is a matter of debate in many countries and a cost‐effective alternative in countries without screening among women aged 40 to 49 years could be inviting those at higher risk. The relative effectiveness of mammography screening was estimated for subgroups based on the breast cancer risk factors parity, age at time of birth of first child, and socioeconomic status (SES).


A short model of asymmetric force free magnet with single beam aperture was tested at Fermilab together with the excitation test of VLHC transmission line magnet. The design concept of asymmetric force free superconducting magnet was verified by the test. The testing reached up to 104 kA current and no indication of force imbalance was observed. Since the model magnet length was only 10 cm, A 0.75 m model was constructed and tested at KEK with low current to ensure the validity of the design. The cool down and the excitation at KEK were also successful finding very small thermal contraction of the conductor and reasonable field homogeneity


The groundwork for fissure sealants was completed in 1955 and lead to the introduction in 1971 of the Nuva-Seal Fissure Sealant by L.D Caulk. Since caries predominantly affects the pits and fissures of the teeth of children, these sealants have been shown to be a valuable preventive procedure. FS are cost effective and provide an ideal preventive measure for children who have restricted access to dental services.


Student affect has been found to correlate with shortand long-term learning outcomes, including college attendance as well as interest and involvement in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers. However, there still remain significant questions about the processes by which affect shifts and develops during the learning process. Much of this research can be split into affect dynamics, the study of the temporal transitions between affective states, and affective chronometry, the study of how an affect state emerges and dissipates over time. Thus far, these affective processes have been primarily studied using field observations, sensors, or student self-report measures; however, these approaches can be coarse, and obtaining finergrained data produces challenges to data fidelity. Recent developments in sensor-free detectors of student affect, utilizing only the data from student interactions with a computerbased learning platform, open an opportunity to study affect dynamics and chronometry at moment-to-moment levels of granularity. This work presents a novel approach, applying sensor-free detectors to study these two prominent problems in affective research.


Formal methods have been widely used to support software testing to guarantee correctness and reliability. For example, model checking technology attempts to ensure that the verification property of a specific formal model is satisfactory for discovering bugs or abnormal behavior from the perspective of temporal logic. However, because automatic approaches are lacking, a software developer/tester must manually specify verification properties. A generative adversarial network (GAN) learns features from input training data and outputs new data with similar or coincident features. GANs have been successfully used in the image processing and text processing fields and achieved interesting and automatic results. Inspired by the power of GANs, in this article, we propose a GAN-based automatic property generation (GAPG) approach to generate verification properties supporting model checking. First, the verification properties in the form of computational tree logic (CTL) are encoded and used as input to the GAN. Second, we introduce regular expressions as grammar rules to check the correctness of the generated properties. These rules work to detect and filter meaningless properties that occur because the GAN learning process is uncontrollable and may generate unsuitable properties in real applications. Third, the learning network is further trained by using labeled information associated with the input properties. These are intended to guide the training process to generate additional new properties, particularly those that map to corresponding formal models. Finally, a series of comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed GAPG method can obtain new verification properties from two aspects: (1) using only CTL formulas and (2) using CTL formulas combined with Kripke structures.


The article presents an overview of embryonic and postnatal development of the chest wall describing current classification for a variety of chest wall and rib malformations. The clear identification of specific anomalies and a wider understanding of antenatal and postnatal development of the chest wall contribute to optimizing the choice of time and technique to treat the cohort of patients.


Abstract This paper deals with the general problem in axisymmetric and plane strain cases in coupled thermoelasticity by employing the algebraic eigenvalue approach. In this approach, the original structure of the problem is retained and the use of potential function is avoided. Examples of an infinite space and a half-space are presented to illustrate the application. The obtained results can be used for a broad class of problems in coupled thermoelasticity.


Since 1998 Midrand has been the site of the first coordinated implementation of Travel Demand Management (TDM) in South Africa. As a demonstration project co-funded by national and metropolitan government, the project aimed at assessing the appropriateness of TDM in the local context. TDM has lately been hailed as a cure-all for traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and government's inability to keep up with infrastructure expansion needs problems increasingly faced by South African cities. This paper considers the likely truth in such claims from a policy perspective, based on some of the initial outcomes of the experiment. A brief overview is given of the pilot project and its implemented measures. These included a land use component, development incentives, priority measures for high occupancy vehicles (described in more detail in an accompanying paper), and a rideshare agency. Some of the major issues around implementation of each component are discussed. An assessment is given of the likely impact of the measures, both in the short and long term. Lastly, some pointers are given around the implementability of TDM in South Africa. A strategy focusing on incentives rather than disincentives is more likely to be politically palatable in the short term, while paving the way for more controversial measures (like pricing) to be introduced later. It is also suggested that the IDP process may provide opportunities to achieve the multidisciplinarity needed to develop a common vision and cooperative action within the local authority. The active involvement of provincial government to provide an enabling policy framework is very important.


Rootstock cuttings infected with latent Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTD's) pathogens are a major problem for nurseries. These fungal pathogens include several species of the genera Phaeoacremonium, Phaeomoniella, Cadophora, Dactylonectria, Ilyonectria, Diaporthe and the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Infected rootstock cuttings can cause losses of up to 60 % during propagation and post planting, and can be a reservoir of disease in the vineyard. This article presents a protocol for sanitary production of rootstock cuttings and is a guide to improving health of the grafted vine, and the profitability of nurseries and vineyards.


This paper presents a steady-state model for open unified power quality conditioner (UPQC-O) with storage unit to improve the power loss and power quality of radial distribution networks. It consists of two voltage source inverters, i.e., series and shunt inverters without any interconnected DC link. Thus, both the inverters can be placed in different locations in a network. The shunt inverter is used to eliminate the harmonics created by load and to provide reactive power compensation. The series inverter is used for dual-purpose, i.e., for the protection of all its downstream loads from voltage sag, and to provide reactive power compensation during healthy condition. Since both the inverters are connected to DC storage units, they also provide active power compensation at their respective locations. The proposed UPQC-O model is suitably incorporated to the forward-backward sweep load flow algorithm so as to carry out an exhaustive search to examine the effect of its placement. The results show that an appropriate placement of the shunt inverter provides significant power loss reduction, whereas the series inverter placed near to the substation results in better power quality. The rating requirements for UPQC-O and battery are also determined and analyzed.


Subtitle: Low entry costs have led to rapid growth in numbers of unmanned air vehicles in development or available to buy -- for military and civil use. Here is our guide to 100 leading programmes on the market.


An intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) was fabricated by co-copressing-sintering methods, and the electrolyte of Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9) (CGO) and cathode materials of La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3-α) (LSCF) were prepared by sol-gel method. The effect of preparation methods on the microstructure of the prepared fuel cells was analyzed by SEM . It shows that the cells prepared by the co-pressing/co-sintering method possess a dense electrolyte layer and a compact interface between electrolyte and anode but a curved configuration, while those prepared by the colloidal technique have a flat configuration but the electrolyte layer is not dense enough. The maximum output power density of the cell prepared by co-pressing/co-sintering method attains up to 0.14 W/cm~(2) at 650 ℃ with the corresponding electrical current density of 307 mA/cm~(2). The electrically chemical process of the cell operation is controlled by both the internal ohmic resistance and the concentration polarization.


Jeff Raskin coined the term Information Appliance at Apple Computer in 1978. Martin Libicki advanced the concept of the Battlespace from his 1996 Telemetry of War essay in which our modern notion of netcentric warfare was advanced. Using these concepts we incorporate the modern information technology phenomena of everyware and persistent computing toward evolution in new forms of human enhancement. Given that most if not all humans will eventually equate to information devices in persistent computing architectures - we refer to them in this research as Human Information Appliance (HIA). This project is first and foremost a futures oriented product for the purpose of thinking about - in advance - risk and resilience analysis and management for a time that is beginning to feel familiar - if yet to come. We apply the HIA concept in a futures scenario where the arrival of exponential computational speed may produce effects to create novel solutions for human-machine environments/spaces. This form of human enhancement may also pose significant risk that requires a public ethical analysis toward prescriptive policy work in the present.


The fracture criterion of low-cycle fatigue based on variable strains, which is represented as1/C0∫N0γpadn=1 for the varying plastic strain amplitude, has been verified experimentally by carrying out the low-cycle fatigue tests under the tension-compression and rotating bending conditions. The low-cycle torsional fatigue tests under multiple repeated loads were made on the 0.84% C piano wires and the applicability of the above mentioned criterion was examined.The main results obtained are as follows:(1) The experimental values of the cumulative damage obtained from the above criterion are larger than the values calculated from the linear damage criterion, and they scatter around in the vicinity of unity.(2) The test results indicate the existence of an exponential relationship between the equivalent stress amplitude τeq and the equivalent plastic strain amplitude γp.eq.


Orange yellow Ⅳ is an azo reagent,with very strong electrochemical activity and its can be used as an electrochemical probe.In this work,in the pH 11.00 NH3-NH4Cl buffer solution,the orange yellow Ⅳ can form one kind of orange yellow supermolecular compound with bacteriolysin.The system was studied by linear sweep second derivative polarography,and it was found that the formation of the complex did not change the peak potential of orange yellow Ⅳ,and the peak current decreased,furthermore,the decrease value of the peak current has a linear relationship with the concentration of bacteriolysin added.The linear ranges are 1.6×10-9~1.0×10-8 mol/L,1.0×10-8~8.0×10-8 mol/L and 9.0×10-8~1.6×10-7 mol/L,respectively.The detection limit is 4.0×10-10 mol/L.The proposed method has been used to analyze the samples of bacteriolysin.The possible mechanism of the interaction between orange yellow Ⅳ and bacteriolysin was discussed.


Increased late sodium current (INa) induces long QT syndrome 3 with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). The role of atrial late INa in the induction of AF and in the treatment of AF was determined in this study. AF parameters were measured in isolated rabbit hearts exposed to late INa enhancer and inhibitors. Late INa from isolated atrial and ventricular myocytes were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. We found that induced-AF by programmed S1S2 stimulation and spontaneous episodes of AF were recorded in hearts exposed to either low- (0.1-3 nM) or high- (3-10 nM) concentrations of ATX-II (n=10). Prolongations in atrial MAPD90 and ERP by ATX-II (0.1-15 nM) were greater in hearts paced at slow than at fast rates (n=5-10, p<0.05). Both endogenous and ATX-II-enhanced late INa density were greater in atrial than that in ventricular myocytes (n=9 and 8, p<0.05). Eleclazine and ranolazine reduced AF window and AF burden in association with the inhibition of both endogenous and enhanced atrial late INa with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1.14 and 9.78, and 0.94 and 8.31 μM, respectively. The IC50s for eleclazine and ranolazine to inhibit peak INa were 20.67 and 101.79 μM, respectively, in atrial myocytes. In conclusion, enhanced late INa in atrial myocytes increases the susceptibility for AF. Inhibition of either endogenous or enhanced late INa, with increased atrial potency of drugs is feasible for the treatment of AF.


This paper addresses the question what aspects of a dialogue participant's behavior are perceived as evidence of grounding and at which lev el of information exchange: that of understanding or that of agreement. Our observation s show that a range of verbal and nonverbal expressions are used to signal correct un derstanding or adoption of the partner's beliefs. Head movements are known to be signals sho wing a participant's state of cognitive processing, e.g. agreement, disbelief, or lack of u nderstanding. Nods, in particular, which vary in speed, duration, timing, and intensity may conve y different meanings. We found that, analyzed in isolation, head nods do not enable an a dequate interpretation of the participant's state of grounding; they have to be considered in c ombination with other signs in order to allow successful interpretation as grounding acts o f a particular type.


This report describes a 2-year-old collie dog with pulmonary nodules, visualized by computed tomographic (CT) scan, with evidence of Bartonella henselae bacteremia and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. Clinical signs resolved with antimicrobial therapy.


BACKGROUND
This short-term prospective study aimed to assess the effects of treatment with calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) or calcitriol in the subset of hemodialysis patients characterized by stable low serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or affected by hypoparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy (PTx).

METHODS
Two groups were created according to baseline serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D): group A (12 patients): <15 ng/mL; group B (12 patients): >15 ng/mL. They underwent a 6-month treatment with oral calcidiol (group A) or oral calcitriol (group B).

RESULTS
Group A showed a statistically significant increase in the serum levels of calcium corrected for serum albumin (cCa), phosphorus (P), total alkaline phosphatases (ALP), PTH and 25(OH)D. Group B showed a statistically significant increase in serum levels of cCa and P. A statistically significant decrease in serum levels of ALP and 25(OH)D was observed. Baseline serum 25(OH)D levels were 12.6 + 3.8 ng/mL in group A and 23.0 + 5.0 ng/mL in group B (p<0.0001). After 6 months, they increased to 38.3 + 21.0 ng/mL in group A (p<0.01) and decreased to 16.9 + 5.8 ng/mL in group B (p<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with oral calcitriol was associated with a decrease in the serum levels of ALP and 25(OH)D; treatment with oral calcidiol was associated with more physiological serum levels of 25(OH)D and with an increase in the serum levels of ALP and PTH: whether the statistically significant differences in the biochemical parameters achieved with the 2 treatments have a clinical relevance, remains a matter of debate.


Study and analyze the influence of such factors as temperature,moisture and atmospheric density upon the atmospheric pressure by means of the physical model——vertical atmospheric column,in the quasi-static process of heat insulation,on the basis of the viewpoint of the balance of static force.


We present a method for the sentence-level alignment of short simplified text to the original text from which they were adapted. Our goal is to align a medium-sized corpus of parallel text, consisting of short news texts in Spanish with their simplified counterpart. No training data is available for this task, so we have to rely on unsupervised learning. In contrast to bilingual sentence alignment, in this task we can exploit the fact that the probability of sentence correspondence can be estimated from lexical similarity between sentences. We show that the algoithm employed performs better than a baseline which approaches the problem with a TF*IDF sentence similarity metric. The alignment algorithm is being used for the creation of a corpus for the study of text simplification in the Spanish language.


Context. As the global magnetic field of the Sun has an activity cycle, one expects to observe some variation of the dynamical properties of the flows visible in the photosphere. Aims. We investigate the flow field during the solar cycle by analysing SDO/HMI observations of continuum intensity, Doppler velocity and longitudinal magnetic field. Methods. We first picked data at disk center during 6 yr along the solar cycle with a 48-h time step in order to study the overall evolution of the continuum intensity and magnetic field. Then we focused on thirty 6-h sequences of quiet regions without any remnant of magnetic activity separated by 6 months, in summer and winter, when disk center latitude B0 is close to zero. The horizontal velocity was derived from the local correlation tracking technique over a field of view of 216.4 Mm × 216.4 Mm located at disk center. Results. Our measurements at disk center show the stability of the flow properties between meso- and supergranular scales along the solar cycle. Conclusions. The network magnetic field, produced locally at disk center independently from large scale dynamo, together with continuum contrast, vertical and horizontal flows, seem to remain constant during the solar cycle.


In Chile many experiments to artificially produce juvenile Cryphiops caementarius have been carried out in order to obtain enough stock for aquaculture or repopulation in natural habitats. The aquaculture production technology has been developed by the research staff of the Aquaculture Department of the Universidad Catolica del Norte, with the aim of enhancing cultivation at commercial level, obtaining a sustainable production, and decreasing the fisheries pressure on natural populations. The latter is now based on the collection of ovigerous female obtained from their natural habitat. The research shows that it is possible to cultivate C. caementarius juveniles in 65 days through 18 zoeal stages.


We report a case of a 25-years-old male with a 13-years history of Crohn's disease (Fig. 1A). He had been initially treated with corticoids and maintenance treatment with mesalazine and azathioprine, with no further flare-ups. Three months prior the episode of interest, he referred a colic mesogastric pain, bloody stools with mucus and weight loss (6 kg). Induction doses of infliximab were added to the treatment with no improvement and he required a hospital admission for intravenous corticoid treatment. The GI series showed a coloduodenal fistula that was confirmed endoscopically (Fig. 1B). He was discharged with improvement, continuing the infliximab therapy. A month later, the patient presented a feverish sensation, hypotension and stabbing, progressive and diffuse abdominal pain. Physical examination showed a diffuse abdominal tenderness with peritoneal irritation. CT-scan showed transverse colon perforation and multiple paracolic abscesses (Fig. 1C). Urgent laparotomy revealed a coloduodenal fistula and a ruptured peripancreatic abscess with acute peritonitis. A fistulectomy with EndoGIA, right hemicolectomy (Fig. 1D) with latero-lateral ileocolic anastomosis and proximal diverting ileostomy were performed. The postoperative period was uneventful. He continued azathioprine treatment and three months later, the ileostomy was closed without complications. Three years later, the patient remains stable, without flare-ups.


The subject of this paper is the generation and measurement of high-power nanosecond pulses of microwave energy. The technique involves the sudden release of energy stored in a standing wave in a linear resonator with a resultant gain in peak power over that used to charge the resonator. Alternative techniques using traveling-wave resonators and other circuits have not achieved equivalent power levels, and are inherently limited by greater losses, complex circuitry, and lack of power gain. The key to this technique is the ability to switch in less than a nanosecond by using a triggered high-pressure gas discharge gap. The apparatus was constructed for use at X-band frequencies to study breakdown of gases on a nanosecond time scale.


The main aim of this paper is to provide convergence analysis of Quasi-Wilson nonconforming finite element to Maxwell's equations under arbitrary quadrilateral meshes. The error estimates are derived, which are the same as those for conforming elements under conventional regular meshes.


The purpose of this study was to investigate Japanese EFL learners' intention to continue technology-enhanced out-of-class language learning (OCLL). Concerning the strong mutual relationship between the learners' motivation and their intention for learning, this study drawing on self-determination theory (SDT), proposed and tested a model of the relationship between the motivation determinants and the learners' intention toward technology-enhanced OCLL. The research was conducted in an EFL Japanese context of 164 undergraduate students participating in general English classes equipped with technology both inside and outside of the classroom. The findings of the structural equation model indicated the positive effect of motivation determinants (competence, autonomy, and relatedness) on the learners' intention to continue OCLL, among which perceived competence was the most significant predictor. Additionally, the model examined how the motivation determinants could explain the learners' actual achievements. The results provided evidence that perceived relatedness could not influence the learners' OCLL achievements. The findings and implications are discussed.


Panegyriarchy in Civic Careers

In ancient Greek cities, the organization of festivals generated its own institutional system, with various officials involved in various aspects of the celebration. One of these officials was the panegyriarch, in charge of the market that took place during the festival. On the basis of a systematic survey of the epigraphic documentation, this paper aims at defining the profile of the individuals attested as panegyriarchs. It presents the chronological and geographical distribution of the evidence, studies the offices associated with that of panegyriarch within civic careers and reflects on the level of prestige of this specific magistracy.


creation of national interests is a necessary step towards political community. The book is written in a lucid and jargonfree style, illuminating for us many aspects of the South Vietnamese political process. However, we may question whether the choice of the legislature as the focal point of the study does not tend to distort our understanding of political reality in that country. From this standpoint a number of criticisms may be raised of Mr. Goodman's book. First, while the book is concerned only with the internal politics of South Vietnam, it perhaps goes too far in minimizing the impact of foreign interference. Professor Goodman writes, for example, "The war represents a direct result of the failure to achieve political community at an earlier time between the nationalists and the communists" (p. 4). To accept this statement would be to ignore the role of the Western powers in imposing and favoring "nationalist" regimes of their choosing. Second, the assumption that the South Vietnamese legislature may be studied as a microcosm of the political system in South Vietnam has not been fully justified by Professor Goodman. When Communist and NLF sympathizers are barred from participation, when elections take place in an atmosphere of repression and strict government control, the resulting legislature represents a very narrow base indeed. Given this situation, it is difficult to concur with Goodman when he writes: "The elections that inaugurated the Second Republic selected an elite reflecting the political diversity of the polity at large but also containing important bases for accommodation" (p. 250). A third criticism concerns the author's treatment of the Phoenix program. Since the goal of the program is the extermination of the Communist infrastructure in South Vietnam, it is easy to imagine that due process would be the last consideration. The abuses of the program stem not from weaknesses in the legal system but are firmly rooted in the overall conception of the program. It is always possible to clothe such a program in the trappings of legality, but that would never make it more just. Finally, Professor Goodman does not ignore the fact that while the legislators were largely JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES


This paper presents the development of an innovative air quality monitoring platform for the Municipality of Thermi in Thessaloniki. The monitoring network consists of 25 low cost but very accurate IoT sensors measuring the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM 10, PM 2.5, PM 1.0). Using these new generation of sensors, it is feasible to monitor air quality at city block level, revealing the spatial pattern of air pollution, and thus allowing local and regional agencies to design and apply the most suitable policies and measures to tackle the air pollution problem. The real time measurements are stored in the Cloud and are disseminated to the citizens and the local authorities' stakeholders through a web and a mobile app. The web application provides an air quality dashboard which presents the overall air quality in the Municipality. Both the Air Quality Index (AQI) and raw concentration data are used. Various types of presentations are available including maps and charts. The web application provides also a three-day air quality forecast using the Copernicus forecast data. The mobile app provides easy access to the real time data in a simple to understand way, suitable for the public users.


Following George D. Miller's comment article in November's issue of Fire International, where he argued that the NFPA should be viewed as an equal partner in the international standards community, we focus once more upon this issue. DR R. H. WILLIS-LEE attempts to address a deceptively simple question. to what extent are Fire Service standards in Europe based on member states' national standards and how much have they been harmonised to form European standards ?


It is by now well known that the standard local (i.e., pointwise) energy conditions always can be violated in quantum field theory in curved (and flat) spacetime, even when these energy conditions hold for the corresponding classical field. Nevertheless, some global constraints on the stress-energy tensor may exist. Indeed recent work has shown that the averaged null energy condition (ANEC), which requires the positivity of energy suitably averaged along null geodesics, holds for a wide class of states of a minimally coupled scalar field on Minkowski spacetime, and also (in the massless case) on a wide class of states in curved two-dimensional spacetimes satisfying certain asymptotic regularity properties. In this paper, we strengthen these results by proving that, for the massless scalar field in an arbitrary globally hyperbolic two-dimensional spacetime, the ANEC holds for all Hadamard states along any complete, achronal null geodesic. In our analysis, the general, algebraic notion of state'' is used, so, in particular, it is not even assumed that our state belongs to any Fock representation. Our proof shows that the ANEC is a direct consequence of the general positivity condition which must hold for the two-point function of any state. Our results also can bemore » extended (with a restriction on states) to the massive scalar field in two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime and (with an additional restriction on states) to the (massless or massive) minimally coupled scalar field on four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. In the case of a (curved) four-dimensional spacetime with a bifurcate Killing horizon, our proof also extends to establish the ANEC for the null geodesic generators of the horizon (provided that there exists a stationary Hadamard state of the field). This latter result implies that the ANEC must hold for the massive Klein-Gordon field in de Sitter spacetime.« less


Abstract This paper examines the relationships between Olympic strategy, nationalism and legitimacy of the Party-state in China during a decade of reform. The analysis focuses on governmental policy prioritising elite sports and Olympic ambitions in the process of rebuilding the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) following the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976). Drawing on Weber's revised classification of legitimacy, this investigation contextualises sport and nationalism in the context of elite sport policy throughout the shift of political legitimacy in post-Mao China. Data were collected from a range of documents and seven semi-structured interviews. This study concludes that Chinese sporting excellence in the 1980s was closely associated with nationalism and the party's political appeal. Thus, the pragmatic Party leaders of the time contended that performance-based legitimacy was more important and effective than Mao's revolutionary ideology for transforming society in post-Mao China. Accordingly, China issued an Olympic strategy and strengthened its elite sport first policy, in the belief that sporting success in the 1980s would secure the satisfaction of the masses and also justify Deng's pragmatism.


This paper falls into three sections: (1) a system of birational transformations of the projective plane determined by plane cubic curves of a pencil (with nine associated base points), (2) some one-many transformations determined by the pencil, and (3) a system of birational transformations of three-dimensional projective space determined by the elliptic quartic curves through eight associated points (base of a net of quadric surfaces).


After making the case that phenomena can be the primary unit of classification (Part 1), some basic principles to group and sort phenomena are considered. Entities can be grouped together on the basis of both their similarity (morphology) and their common origin (phylogeny). The resulting groups will form the classical hierarchical chains of types and subtypes. At every hierarchical degree, phenomena can form ordered sets (arrays), where their sorting can reflect levels of increasing organization, corresponding to an evolutionary order of appearance (emergence). The theory of levels of reality has been investigated by many philosophers and applied to knowledge organization systems by various authors, which are briefly reviewed. At the broadest degree, it allows to identify some major strata of phenomena (forms, matter, life, minds, societies and culture) in turn divided into layers. A list of twenty-six layers is proposed to form the main classes of the Integrative Levels Classification system. A combination of morphology and phylogeny can determine whether a given phenomenon should be a type of an existing level, or a level on its own. Received: 5 October 2016; Revised 20 December 2016; Accepted 11 January 2017


Increasingly, investigators require a computer simulation model that incorporates one or more function pathways involving different time delays. This delay problem has received considerable attention in the past, see Mellichamp,l Hill,2 Fahidy,3 and Hoist for example. The Pad6 delay and other analog methods using a rational polynomial transfer time-delay function leave a good deal to be desired both in frequency response and accuracy; still these analog methods allow for variation of the delay interval while a simulation run is being executed.


. We classify non-smooth del Pezzo surfaces with 13 ( 1 , 1 ) points in 29 qG-deformation families grouped into six unprojection cascades (this overlaps with work of Fujita and Yasutake in Classification of log del Pezzo surfaces of index three, arXiv:1401.1283 [math.AG]), we tabulate their biregular invariants, we give good model constructions for surfaces in all families as degeneracy loci in rep quotient varieties, and we prove that precisely 26 families admit qG-degenerations to toric surfaces. This work is part of a program to study mirror symmetry for orbifold del Pezzo surfaces (Akhtar et al. in Proc Am Math Soc 144(2):513–527, 2016).


The beliefs about work of managers and blue-collar workers in the U.S.A. and Scotland were determined through a questionnaire. Both managers and blue-collar workers strongly endorsed humanistic beliefs and were indifferent to the work ethic. Blue-collar workers endorsed more strongly than managers beliefs about worker exploitation and the value of participation. In Scotland, there was a wide difference in the perceived value of leisure between managers and workers. It appears that the Scottish respondents hold fewer independent beliefs than their U. S. counterparts.


This research aims to investigate the use of social media in constructing political narrative by examining the video blogs (vlogs) of Indonesian President, Jokowi, on Youtube as a case study. How does President Jokowi use his vlogs to construct political narratives about his personal life and presidency? What kind of semiotic resources deployed in his vlogs? This research uses the method of Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis and concludes that President Jokowi has used his vlogs to build his political narrative with the underlying themes of progress and reformation, stating that his presidency will lead Indonesia to a better situation. The political narrative championed in his vlogs strengthens his political legitimacy as a leader who is humble, modest, and close to the people. In building his political narrative, President Jokowi has used a variety of semiotic resources, including participants, process or kinesics action, locative circumstance, visual collocation, speech, and text. This research confirms the change of political communication in content dimension and shows the importance of applying multimodal analysis in understanding contemporary political communication. This research recommends politicians to use vlogs as a platform to build their political narratives in this new political environment.


College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES)/ Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/ Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China


In this paper, we propose an alternative to deep neural networks for semantic information retrieval for the case of long documents. This new approach exploiting clustering techniques to take into account the meaning of words in Information Retrieval systems targeting long as well as short documents. This approach uses a specially designed clustering algorithm to group words with similar meanings into clusters. The dual representation (lexical and semantic) of documents and queries is based on the vector space model proposed by Gerard Salton in the vector space constituted by the formed clusters. The originalities of our proposal are at several levels: first, we propose an efficient algorithm for the construction of clusters of semantically close words using word embedding as input, then we define a formula for weighting these clusters, and then we propose a function allowing to combine efficiently the meanings of words with a lexical model widely used in Information Retrieval. The evaluation of our proposal in three contexts with two different datasets SQuAD and TREC-CAR has shown that is significantly improves the classical approaches only based on the keywords without degrading the lexical aspect.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system and method for determining appropriate timing for providing a message to a driver driving a vehicle.SOLUTION: A message is received for a driver of a motor vehicle 13. A server 21 monitors movement of the motor vehicle and determines familiarity of the driver with the movement. Data sensed by the motor vehicle is then acquired and a cognitive load of the driver is calculated based on the familiarity of the driver with the movement and the sensed data. The server 21 provides the driver with a message only when the calculated cognitive load is low.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: plant comprises a pipeline (12) of feeding with a thinner (thinners), designed to transport the thinner from a processing plant (11) into a producing plant (10), and a pipeline (13) of removal, designed to transport heavy crude oil, produced on the producing plant (10) and mixed with the thinner (thinners), from the producing plant (10) into the processing plant (11). The pipeline (12) of feeding with the thinner (thinners) is used to transport a fuel mixture and the thinner (thinners) to the producing plant (10). The object of the invention is also a plant for production of heavy crude oil using the production method in compliance with the proposed invention. EFFECT: delivery of fuel to the producing plant and its usage to produce heavy crude oil. 14 cl, 2 dwg, 4 tbl


Recently, Dahleh and Pearson (I) From approximately 1981 on, starting with showed that when an el optimal compensator Zames (2), and continuing with many work- for a digital single-input, single-ouput, time- ers including Helton (3), Chang (4), Francis invariant plant exists, it is rational if the plant 151, and Doyle (6), the H, sensitivity mini- itself is. In this note, we give an example of mization problem was formulated and gradu- a one-parameter family of first order plants where ally solved. The aim of the H, problem is the order of the optimal compensator can be to pick the dynamic compensator, c, to sta- arbifrarily large. However, computational experi- bilize the closed loop feedback system and to ence suggests tllat nearly optimal controllers of minimize: reasonable degree usually exist.


This chapter reports the MODSS analysis conducted in the Hodgson Creek catchment on the Darling Downs. It summarises the process used to gain stakeholder and technical input into the analysis. Options and criteria developed for the Hodgson Creek analysis are also described briefly, as is the effects table. The results of the multi-criteria analysis are presented and discussed.


Light cone cuts are the intersection of the light cones of space–time events with an initial data surface which is usually taken to be null infinity. These are determined by a ''cut function,'' a function of the space–time coordinates and the sphere of generators of null infinity. The Bach equations and the conformal vacuum equations are shown to lead to a single scalar ''main'' equation on the cut function. In simplified cases, i.e., when the Weyl curvature is either small or self‐dual, this equation can be integrated to give a simple scalar conformally invariant elliptic equation on the sphere of null directions. It has the remarkable property that the general solution of the Einstein vacuum equations in these cases can be derived from the solution to this auxiliary equation in two dimensions. In general, it will not be possible to reduce it to an auxilliary equation on the sphere. Nevertheless, the main equation is still a necessary condition and it is conjectured that it is also sufficient to imply the Bach equations in general and supporting arguments are given. It is also shown how to extend the Kozameh–Newman framework to the case of light cone cuts of a spacelike Cauchy hypersurface. The analogous procedures for Yang–Mills are also discussed. A conformally invariant formalism for calculations on null infinity is described in an Appendix. This is used for all the calculations which are only described in brief form in the main text.


The invention relates to a device for collecting metal dust during electrolytic manganese stripping in electrolytic manganese industry, particularly to a device for collecting metal dust produced during electrolytic manganese stripping. The device comprises an electrolytic manganese stripping box for preventing the metal dust from dispersing and flying, a dust collection box for collecting the metal dust, a blower and a pipeline, wherein the electrolytic manganese stripping box is connected with the dust collection box through the pipeline, and the blower is fixedly mounted on the pipeline. The metal dust collecting device has the benefits as follows: the device is simple in structure, dust pollution in stripping process environment is reduced, and recycling of metal resources is achieved.


1 School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom 2 School of Geography and Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom 3 Residential Services, University of Southampton, University Rd, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom


on mobile terminals, voice-based local search services are quickly becoming a new important application. Voice search is essentially a large vocabulary speech recognition task with an open ended vocabulary, and this is a problem because speed and accuracy are essential for a good user experience. Fortunately when a user submits a local search query, contextual information such as the user's current position can be used for constraining the full search space. In this paper, we use local information and present a pruning algorithm based on a LMLA (Language Model Look-Ahead) tree, which can significantly improve both the speed and the accuracy of the voice search system.


Cotton and viscose fibres treated with divinyl sulphone under alkaline conditions were degraded in sulphuric acid. By column chromatography degradation products have been identified which contain two glucose units on mono- and dimeric sulphone derivatives, i.e. glucose ethers of 2,2′-dihydroxyethylsulphone and of 2,2′-bis-(hydroxyethylsulphonyl)-diethylether. This is the first direct chemical proof of the existence of cross-linkages in cellulose treated with bifunctional reagents.


In the field of industrial production, a complete production line is often composed of a number of electrical equipment with different functions. Once the equipment fails, it will reduce the product quality, cause economic losses and even lead to production accidents. In this paper, a device fault feature extraction algorithm based on photosensitive sensor is proposed. By blocking the light intensity, the photosensitive sensor can receive the light change, thus changing the resistance value of the circuit, and converting it into digital signals such as current or voltage to prompt the staff to reinforce it. Equipment state information processing classifies and processes the collected information, extracts features that can represent the equipment state, and proves whether it has been damaged or not. Simulation results show that, compared with SVM method, this method has obvious advantages in the later stage of operation, and the error is reduced by 22.86%. The feature extraction algorithm of equipment fault based on photosensitive sensor is better than that of SVM, and it can accurately detect the state and fault of equipment.


Objective To understand the knowledge and attitude related to AIDS among preventive medicine students and to improve AIDS health education model.Methods Anonymous questionnaires were used to collect information about HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitude from grade 1 to grade 4 students from a medical college by cluster sampling.Results(1 460) students were investigated.The mean score of AIDS knowledge was 76.13±12.96 and the score of AIDS transmition routes was higher than that of the non transmition(P0.01).Grade four students got the highest score(P0.01).The score of students came from city and county was higher than that came from town(P0.01).The percentages of "Yes" answer to the question "Would you like to work in HIV/AIDS department?" were 52.2%,40.1%,35.1% and 34.0%(P0.01) and to "Would you like to serve person with HIV/AIDS?" were 41.9%,37.6%,43.0% and 36.9%(P0.01) in grade 1 to 4 students respectively.The support and care rates to spouse and family members infected with HIV were 74.5% and 89.3% respectively.Conclusion The students of preventive medicine understood AIDS knowledge well but the attitude to person with HIV/AIDS still need to be improved.


Senegal is a Western African Country, with a population of around 14 million people and 14 administrative regions. Based on the 2013 census, the total population of the country is estimated at 14 799 859 inhabitants, with a median population age of 18 years old.1 Senegal, has a broadbased, pyramid-shaped age structure, which is characteristic of a population with a very high proportion of children and young people (Table 1). In 2013, the Crude Birth Rate was 37.2 per thousand, with a sex ratio at birth of around 105 men per 100 women. Additionally, approximately 43% of the population is under 15 years of age, with an infant mortality rate of 47 deaths per 1000 births, and an overall risk of dying between birth and five years estimated at 72 deaths per 1000. The life expectancy at birth was 64 years in 2013.1


1. Volumetric determination Elastic rubber base impression material was selected because of its many advantages (Sarnat 1970). The openings of the orbital walls and rims of cleaned skulls were sealed with a semi-soft wax to simulate the intact orbit in the living rabbit (Figs. 1,2). Undercut areas in the depth of the orbit were not modified. Templates made of double thickness hard base plate wax were warmed and pressed into place to create an imprint of the orbital borders. A paper clip was then inserted through the template with the portion of the clip in the orbital cavity bent to a right angle. Elastic rubber base material, used to make imprints of the orbit, had the following advantages: produced good detail accurately, was easily handled and set at room temperature, was elastic for a long period of time, was dimensionally and heat stable, resisted weathering and oxidation, was radiopaque and could be readily inserted and removed without damage to either the imprint or the anatomical specimen. The light bodied elastic rubber base imprint material was poured into the orbital cavity. The template was then positioned. After the material had set, the wax


The characteristics of atmospheric hot water heating boiler room, being relative to pressure hot water heating boiler room, are introduced. The design and lectotype of circulating pump, automatic return water switch valve, expansion tank and atmospheric connection pipe in atmospheric hot water heating boiler room are discussed.


Amide-based discotic supramolecular organic materials are of interest for fundamental understanding of cooperative self-assembly and collective dipole switching mechanisms as well as for practically relevant ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Here, we show how replacing amides (dipole moment of ∼3.5 D) with thioamides (∼5.1 D) as dipolar moieties in the archetypal C3-symmetric discotic molecule BTA leads to ferroelectric materials with a higher remnant polarization and lower coercive field. The thioamide-based materials also demonstrate a rare negative piezoelectricity and a previously predicted, yet never experimentally observed, polarization reversal via asymmetric intermediate states, that is, ferrielectric switching.


For many years, the Xifen-flavor liquor producers persist on traditional brewing technology. In the premise of inheritance, the scientific and technological innovations have been performed. Through the use of new process, technology and equipments, the quality of typical and unique style of Xifen-flavor liquor have become more prominent.


The invention discloses a manufacturing process of glass fiber reinforced plastic. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps of preparing colloid,: preparing the colloid according to the proportion of 98 percent of gel coat and 2 percent of curing agent under the environment of temperature of 25 DEG C and humidity of 70 percent and uniformly stirring; coating the colloid: uniformly coating the colloid prepared in the step a on a mould, wherein the using amount is 300-500 grams/square meter and the brushing thickness is 0.3-0.45 mm; gelling: gelling under a normal temperature environment for 30-40 minutes; laying glass fiber: laying a glass fiber layer; rolling resin: uniformly coating the resin on the glass fiber layer, wherein the thickness of the coating is 3.5-4.5 mm; and curing, forming and demolding under the condition of normal temperature. By using the method provided by the invention, the reject ratio of products can be effectively reduced, and the product quality can be improved and guaranteed.


The 13C-NMR signals of grayanotoxin-I, a tetracyclic diterpene with an A-nor-B-homo-ent-kaurane skeleton, were assigned by means of single-frequency off-resonance decoupling, selective proton decoupling and by comparison with spectra of derivatives.


Dr. John LaRosa from SUNY Downstate Medical Center moderated the topic "The HDL Quandary" with Drs. Nathan Wong from the University of California, Irvine, Antonio Gotto from Weill Cornell Medical College, and Daniel J. Rader from the University of Pennsylvania, participating. The discussion focused primarily on: The reliability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as a biomarker for atherosclerosis risk; the appropriateness of measuring HDL concentration, HDL particles, or HDL function (eg, cholesterol efflux capacity) as a measure of risk; clinical trials examining HDL increase as a therapeutic strategy; beneficial properties of HDL; new antiatherogenic drugs; and the relative usefulness of obtaining HDL measurements in clinical practice. (Med Roundtable Cardiovasc Ed. 2014;4(1):e25–e31) ©2014 FoxP2Media, LLC


To compare the calculations of reinforced concrete components by use of Chinese code and American code,this paper firstly takes the same material at the respective value method and test method to convert into their respective material indicators,and then analyzes and compares the differences in design parameters taken in these two codes to ?? derive the conversion formula of strength index value for China commonly used steel bar and concrete according to U. S. specification values. Then through the basic assumptions,load combinations and design expressions of the two codes,this paper deduces the calculation formulas for longitudinal bar and stirrup of rectangular beam and large bias column longitudinal reinforcement. This paper also analyzes and compares the difference in the design methods between the two codes,and finally compares the calculation differences of beam and column reinforcement between the two codes through calculation examples.


This topical report presents work completed to re-establish the manufacturing process for poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) terpolymer called VCE. The new VCE formulations meet the material requirements and have lower melt viscosity, which results in improved production for the next assembly. In addition, the reaction conditions were optimized in order to achieve a satisfactory conversion rate to enable production in a single work shift. Several equipment and process changes were made to yield a manufacturing process with improved product quality, yield, efficiency, and worker safety.


Syngas process must be selected considering several key factors. Either steam reforming or oxygen reforming could be optimum depending on the syngas end-use requirements, feedstock availability and cost, and by-product worth. Final process design requires a much more detailed analysis. Process optimization requires consideration of variables such as reformer temperature, pressure, steam to carbon ratio, CO/sub 2/ to carbon ratio, O/sub 2/ to carbon ratio, and product purity. Efficient heat integration is also necessary to achieve an optimum design. Mechanical design considerations, are equally important to achieving a reliable plant design. Some of the more critical areas include steam reformer tube design and furnace configuration, oxygen reformer burner design, convection coil design, and process waste heat boiler design. These areas should be considered along with process optimization during final plant design.


Incident reports are intended to facilitate problem identification and aid in allaying accidents, thus improving safety. Unfortunately, most incident reports are generally unstructured, providing little or no guidance to the reporter. Therefore, most reports contain information only about what happened, as opposed to why an incident happened, making identification of intervention and prevention strategies extremely difficult. This study seeks to help remedy this problem with incident reports by developing and testing a method for improving pilots' reporting of incidents. This method, coined the critical event reporting tool (CERT), is described, and research supporting its potential as an instrument for improving the quality of incident reports is provided.


Two major issues important to the future of airport neighborhood noise levels have recently been resolved. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has agreed upon noise certification requirements for future transport aircraft, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has promulgated a rule requiring that the current domestic subsonic jet transport fleet be brought into compliance with Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 36 by 1985. FAA also announced its intention to pursue a similar rule for the current international fleet. It is not unexpected then that whose wishing to achieve further noise reduction in communities around airports will turn their attention to other means. This leads directly to the idea of achieving compatibility through the certification of individual airports for noise. The Environmental Protection Agency has already proposed an airport noise regulatory process. The purpose of this paper is to suggest some of the implications of certifying individual airports for noise. Included is an assessment of the noise reductions that may be expected from new technology aircraft.


Electron beam welding in a vacuum is a technology that NASA is investigating as a joining technique for manufacture of space structures. This investigation characterizes the x-ray environment due to operation of an in-vacuum electron beam welding tool and provides recommendations for adequate shielding for astronauts performing the in-vacuum electron beam welding. NASA, in a joint venture with the Russian Space Agency, was scheduled to perform a series of welding in space experiments on board the U.S. Space Shuttle. This series of experiments was named the international space welding experiment (ISWE). The hardware associated with the ISWE was leased to NASA by the Paton Welding Institute (PWI) in Ukraine for ground-based welding experiments in preparation for flight. Two ground tests were scheduled, using the ISWE electron beam welding tool, to characterize the radiation exposure to an astronaut during the operation of the ISWE. These radiation exposure tests used thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD's) shielded with material currently used by astronauts during extravehicular activities to measure the radiation dose. The TLD's were exposed to x-ray radiation generated by operation of the ISWE in-vacuum electron beam welding tool. This investigation was the first known application of TLD's to measure absorbed dose from x rays of energy less than 10 keV. The ISWE hardware was returned to Ukraine before the issue of adequate shielding for the astronauts was completely verified. Therefore, alternate experimental and analytical methods were developed to measure and predict the x-ray spectral and intensity distribution generated by ISWE electron beam impact with metal. These x-ray spectra were normalized to an equivalent ISWE exposure, then used to calculate the absorbed radiation dose to astronauts. These absorbed dose values were compared to TLD measurements obtained during actual operation of the ISWE in-vacuum electron beam welding tool. The calculated absorbed dose values were found to be in agreement with the measured TLD values.


The present invention provides a method for producing a hot-rolled metal brazing composite pipe, comprising the following process: a composite surface cleaning, place the tube solder → grassroots, multi-layer pipe vacuum sealed package → → → cooling fine composite rolling whole, the rolling temperature is 850 ℃ ~ 1200 ℃. According to the present invention, a method of producing metal composite pipe its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and re-processing performance are very good, it is widely used.


Lead-free piezoelectric (K,Na)(Nb,Ta)O3 thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition. Perovskite single-phase (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 and Mn-doped (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 thin films were successfully fabricated at 600 °C on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates by controlling the excess amounts of K and Na, and Mn by doping. The (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 thin films showed poor ferroelectric polarizations due to the insufficient insulating resistance at room temperature. The leakage current density of the (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 films, especially in the high-applied-field region, was markedly reduced by doping with a small amount of Mn. Also, the ferroelectric properties of the (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 thin films were markedly improved by Mn doping. 0.5 and 1.0 mol % Mn-doped (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 thin films exhibited well-shaped ferroelectric polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops at room temperature. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) values of the 0.5 and 1.0 mol % Mn-doped (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 thin films at 1 kHz were approximately 14 and 21 µC/cm2, and 111 and 86 kV/cm, respectively. Furthermore, these films showed a typical field-induced butterfly loop, and the estimated effective d33 values were 58 pm/V for the 0.5 mol % Mn-doped (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 thin films and 41 pm/V for the 1.0 mol % Mn-doped (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 thin films.


The article deals with Gertler vortices in the boundary layer of fluid applied typical range of variation of the wavelength of the vortices. Formulated boundary problem for the typical shortwavelength regime. The development of vortices Gertler in compressible, especially hypersonic flows, attracted by now considerable interest in the development of new technologies, namely the creation of new supersonic little turbulent wind tunnel and the design of hypersonic aircraft, which detect the position of the laminar-turbulent transition and finding the distributions and peak values of the heat flows are key elements. In this article the mathematical model describing the nonlinear stage of development of disturbances in compressible boundary layer in the field of centrifugal forces at large, but subcritical Reynolds numbers and Gertler. This model is designed for the description of the vortices Gertler, and to describe the perturbed flows about local or periodic irregularities in the transverse direction or the other spatial disturbed flow. For small amplitudes of perturbations of nonlinear boundary value problems are reduced to linear problems of the theory of stability, which so far developed only in fragments. Based on the method of matched asymptotic expansions we studied some linear modes of perturbations in the field of centrifugal forces. In particular, The role of the transition temperature layer in the development of disturbances in hypersonic flows. At the same time, the experimental studies suggest the occurrence of other possible forms of perturbed vortex movement of gas that requires further research.


The power electronic technology is the technical and theoretical basis to develop kinds of electric vehicles. The author introduces its background, describes its research objects and main subjects.


Dosage-rate is defined as number of rontgens in unit time, usually rontgens per minute. In accordance with this definition the scope of this paper is limited to the significance of dosage-rate in radiotherapy, and is not concerned with the effects of fractionation of dosage as such nor the effects of spreading out the administration of a dose of radiation over a long time by fractionation, but only with the questions connected with the rate at which the radiation is delivered during actual exposure. As practical radiotherapists we are concerned with the significance of dosage-rate in its application to technique, but as scientists who must ultimately make progress in technique by the application of new knowledge of the truth we must also concern ourselves with the fundamental biological principles involved, and so I think we must ask ourselves the following questions in an attempt to ascertain the significance for us of dosage-rate. First we must ask ourselves the question: "Is there a difference in biolo...


Laminate analogy is applied in the structural sections by discretizing them in layers through the thickness. Different layers are used for the concrete, for the reinforcing steel in the concrete, and for the fiber composite laminates. The reinforced concrete structure is synthesized with finite elements where the element stiffness is obtained by using laminate theory to the discretized structural section mentioned earlier. The load carrying capacity of the structure is determined by progressive structural fracture. Results show that with relatively small laminate thickness, equal to 5% of the total thickness, the select arch structure enhanced with fiber composites, improved their strength in fracture, the buckling load and the natural frequencies due to the free vibration.


Abstract This experiment relied on social identity theory to investigate jokes that express superiority and denigration toward social groups. In particular, the social identity of gender is examined in the context of sexist-nonstereotypical jokes. Results revealed that sexist-nonstereotypical jokes had the greatest impact on women. Specifically, women rated jokes about men funnier than jokes about themselves, and highly identified women found jokes targeting men significantly funnier than jokes targeting women. These results, and others relating to prototypicality, offer insight into how disparaging intergroup jokes function to accentuate and attenuate intergroup relations.


Attachment theory constitutes one of the psychological phenomena that, based on affective ties and the way it is shown, will evidently generate a conditioning and parental relationship from childhood that affects social coexistence. Hence, on multiple occasions, if the relationship has not been positive, different types of relationships are generated. Bowlby was the forerunner of this attachment theory, potentially so influential with emotions. For the legal world, violence is punished with penalties that are increasingly severe and draconian, however, many of these criminal activities accompanied by violence are generated by minors, hence the need for protection policies for children and adolescents with respect to their origin of violence because the family as a basic identity card of society has internal and external forces that influence the formation of the state it represents. Historically the family maintains and precedes the rule of law. A democratic state has the duty and obligation to preserve that internal order, promoting universal values, about beliefs, religions and philosophies. We ask ourselves: Is the family an effective institution for the fight against corruption? Thus, the family fulfills a transcendental role because it is the first school of values and morals that will be part of the ethics and actions of the individual in the future. For this reason, we rescue the importance of the family for the human person as a subject of law and the effect that this will have when forming part of a just society, away from corruption, as happens in countries where the crime rate has decreased.