The use of Hyper-Spectral Imaging (HSI) as a diagnostic tool in the field of cultural heritage is of great interest presenting high potentialities. This analysis, in fact, is non-destructive, non-invasive and portable. Furthermore, the possibility to couple hyperspectral data with chemometric techniques allows getting qualitative and/or quantitative information on the nature and physical-chemical characteristics of the investigated materials. A study was carried out to explore the possibilities offered by this approach to identify pigments in paintings. More in detail, six pigments have been selected and they have been then mixed with four different binders and applied to a wood support. The resulting reference samples were acquired by HSI in the SWIR wavelength range (1000-2500 nm). Data were processed adopting a chemometric approach based on the PLS Toolbox (Eigenvector Research, Inc.) running inside Matlab® (The Mathworks, Inc.). The aim of the study was to verify, according to the information acquired in the investigated wavelength region, the correlation existing between collected spectral signatures and sample characteristics related to the different selected pigments and binders. Results were very good showing as correlations exist. New scenarios can thus be envisaged for analysis, characterization, conservation and restoration of paintings, considering that the developed approach allows to obtain, just "in one shot", information, not only on the type of pigment, but also on the utilized binder and support.


The study reports on experimental investigation on the suitability of the use of broken tiles as partial replacement for crushed granite in concrete production. Control mixing ratio of 1:2:4 batched by weight with water – cement ratio of 0.55 was used. The percentage replacement varied from 0% to 40% at intervals of 5%. The slump test was used to assess the workability of the fresh concrete. The compressive strengths and densities of cured concrete cubes of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were evaluated at 7days, 21days and 28days. A total of 81 concrete cubes were cast and tested. Increase in the percentage replacement of crushed granite with broken tiles reduces workability, density and compressive strength. The compressive strength and density increased with days of curing. The compressive strength and density are maximum for concrete cubes with 100% crushed granite and minimum when broken tiles content is 40% with equivalent strength of (23.5N/mm and 20.3N/mm) and density of (2622 and 2441kg/m) respectively. Compressive strength tests showed that variation up-to 40% of the broken tiles in replacement for crushed granite was quite satisfactory with no compromise in compressive strength requirements (20N/mm). Keywords— Compressive strength, concrete production, density, slump test ——————————  ——————————


Using Hubble Space Telescope photometry, we characterize the age of the stellar association in the vicinity of supernova (SN) 2011dh and use it to infer the zero-age main-sequence mass (MZAMS) of the progenitor star. We find two distinct and significant star formation (SF) events with ages of <6 and 17+3 − 4 Myr, and the corresponding MZAMS are >29 and 13+2 − 1 M☉, respectively. These two bursts represent 18+4 − 9% (young) and 64+10 − 14% (old) of the total SF in the last 50 Myr. Adopting these fractions as probabilities suggests that the most probable MZAMS is 13+2 − 1 M☉. These results are most sensitive to the luminosity function along the well-understood main sequence (MS) and are less sensitive to uncertain late-stage stellar evolution. Therefore, they stand even if the progenitor suffered disruptive post-MS evolution (e.g., eruptive mass loss or binary Roche-lobe overflow). Progenitor identification will help to further constrain the appropriate population. Even though pre-explosion images show a yellow supergiant (YSG) at the site of the SN, panchromatic SN light curves suggest a more compact star as the progenitor. In spite of this, our results suggest an association between the YSG and the SN. Not only was the star located at the SN site, but reinforcing an association, the star's bolometric luminosity is consistent with the final evolutionary stage of the 17 Myr old starburst. If the YSG disappears, then MZAMS = 13+2 − 1 M☉, but if it persists, then our results allow the possibility that the progenitor was an unseen star of >29 M☉.


During COVID-19, digital learning took on an unprecedented central focus in K-12 education. This study applied photovoice qualitative methodology to record and understand the lives and reality for teacher interns as they adapted to abrupt changes in the way they designed and delivered instruction while living homebound during a pandemic. Teacher interns shared their stories of transitioning to virtual or distance learning. Participants (n = 97) were a demographically and culturally diverse group of K-12 public school teacher interns from California. The findings from this study illuminate the need for U.S. public K-12 schools to develop specific professional development training to support teachers when unforeseen events may cause the physical closure of their schools. The implications of this study highlight a shift in the mindset of how to develop practices and policies to support teacher licensure candidates during times of crisis, which may affect their ability to teach and engage students in a distance learning environment. Their experiences showed that out of chaos came the development of critical thinking and unexpected skills that moved education forward for everyone involved.


The response characteristics of randomly excited two-degree-of-freedom systems are investigated by using Gaussian and non-Gaussian closure schemes. An averaging approach is used to reduce the number of moment equations for the non-Gaussian closure scheme. The stationary solution of the reduced moment equations are used to predict the system response. The results are compared with those obtained from numerical integration of the moment equations and the exact solution of the Fokker-Planck (FPK) equation. The stability of the stationary moments is determined by examining the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. The results show that the damping coefficient of the unexcited mode has a stabilizing influence on the system response and controls the width of the instability region. For the non-Gaussian closure scheme, islands of instability are observed for high levels of excitation within the bi-modal response region. The stochastic stability is used to locate initial conditions for calculating the stable and unstable manifolds. The stability results are validated with numerical integration of the moment equations in both the Gaussian and non-Gaussian closure cases.


Information technology is the foundation for the upgrading of the tourism industry. Effort should be made to establish a public tourism service system through virtualization of tourism information. As a national trial spot for the virtualization of tourism information,Sichuan should resort to innovation to promote"Smart Travel in Shu".


BACKGROUND AIM: To study the genetic damage of acridine on insect cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using different concentrations of acridine to treat spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells(sf9),autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV), to study the effect of the acridine on cell growth and development, the percentage of micronucleus formation and the virulence of AcMNPV. RESULTS: The injurious effects of acridine on Sf9 cells in cell activity and micronucleus percentage revealed that cell division and growth became slow,the surface of the cell became rough, and the micronucleus percentage was10.4‰ after treatment with 5 μ g/ml acridine. Some cells had broken membranes or died when treated with 10 μ g/ml, and with the micronucleus percentage of 22‰ , tri-nucleus, multi-nucleus and nuclear cleavage were also found. When acridine-treated AcMNPV infected the sf9 cells, AcMNPV could proliferate within the cell and form polyhedra, but some abnormal polyhedra like triangle or quadrangle were formed at the same time. CONCLUSION: Using certain dosage of acridine to treat sf9 cells and AcMNPV could cause damage to the cell and the formation of abnormal polyhera of AcMNPV.


In this paper we are stating conception of seismic data processing using based on vari-ous of instant amplitudes, phases and frequencies. Such way providing by information equiva-lence of signal and it's instant characteristic. Visual observability and locality of instant pa-rameters allow to build the flexible and time-dependent nonlinear procedures which are oper-ated on the basis of "visual" features of wave field. Simplicity in realization and management of processing differ this approach from wavelet and Fourier analyses of seismic data. In the context of this conception the set of processing procedures was formed. Linear transformation of instant frequency uses for increasing wave direction adaptation of multi-channel procedures and resolution of seismic data. Transformations of amplitude and fre-quency instant parameters uses in amplitude and frequency noise cancellation. Amplitude transformation with saving phase characteristic allow to create signal compression filter and to combine parametritic and wave information on a section. Instant vector which build on temporal and spatial instant frequency uses for correlation waves and adaptation algorithm to wave fields feature. Instant phase adaptive correction filter increases coherence seismogram but don't distort it dynamics.


An Aspen Plus model of our entire process (biomass to ethanol) is coupled with capital cost scaling and economic evaluation in MS Excel to rapidly evaluate new research proposals. The research ideas and expected results are incorporated into our base Aspen Plus model. Information from the Aspen simulation is linked to MS Excel to scale all equipment costs. The new capital and operating costs are used in a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the product (ethanol) cost. The impact on the product cost of each proposed research project is used as a major criteria in determining whether or not to fund the research. This methodology allows for rapid evaluation of many proposals and ensures that the impact of the proposed work on all areas of the plant is addressed. Our base case costs, complete vendor quotes and other calculations supporting the design are stored in an MS Access database which is queried into MS Excel when changes are made.


As the Arctic warming is in progress, thawing of permafrost and following environmental changes are gathering more attention because of possible role as a source of methane gas in the future. An inter-disciplinary research team of Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) has carried out field work at terrestrial Arctic regions. One of the research sites is located at Council on the Seward Peninsula, 100 km northeast of Nome, Alaska, US. The site is characterized as tussock tundra and corresponds to tree line making the site ideal to monitor long-term change of ecological regime. Since 2012, KOPRI team has visited the Council site every summer to quantify variations of radiative energy, sensible heat flux, evapotranspiration, and carbon dioxide flux during growing season. In 2014, methane flux was also measured using eddy-covariance method during whole July. In this presentation, we will analyze variations of energy, water, and green-house gas (carbon dioxide and methane) during summer from 2012 to 2014.


Quantitative descriptions of fundamental electron impact processes in terms of cross sections are required to understand and model various environments. This includes a variety of electron impact processes in the Earth's ionosphere, atmospheres of planets and their satellites, cometary coma and in plasma processes. Therefore, we have calculated the electron impact ionization cross sections for available neutral gaseous species in these atmospheres. Further, we employ a Micro-to-macro approach to calculate different bulk parameters, i.e. mean free path, collision frequencies etc, of incident electrons in these atmospheres.


Highlights

 Convolutional neural network and MMD transfer learning methods are applied in inversion of optical properties.

 The classification accuracy of apples' peel and pulp absorption coefficients are 84.61% and 92.47%, the accuracy of peel and pulp scattering coefficients are 83.56% and 86.53%, respectively.

 The depth optical characteristics can better reflect brix and moisture of apple then optical properties and hyperspectral data, the correlations are in the form of 0.98 and 0.98.

 Abstract. An inversion of optical properties is an important test for determining the quality of fruit. The conventional inversion model of the optical properties uses measured hyperspectral images as the training data. Studies show that the conventional machine learning method for inverting the optical properties results in low inversion accuracy, especially with curved models. Hence, the present study uses a convolutional neural network scheme to train the simulated hyperspectral images. Moreover, the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) transfer method is used to transfer the simulated hyperspectral images to the measured hyperspectral images of apples. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the present study uses it to classify a variety of an apple's optical properties, including the peel absorption, pulp absorption, peel scattering, and pulp scattering coefficients. The classification accuracies of the peel and pulp absorption coefficients are 84.61% and 92.47%, respectively. The classification accuracies of the peel and pulp scattering coefficients are 83.56% and 86.53%, respectively. These inversion results are compared with convolutional neural networks, neural networks, and support vector machines with measured hyperspectral images. It was found that the proposed inversion model is an effective scheme for optical property inversion. To prove the necessity of optical property inversion, the least squares, decision tree and random forest regression methods are performed to analyze the correlation between the depth of optical characteristics and the brix and moisture. The present study shows that these correlations are in the form of 0.98 and 0.98. The correlation coefficients increase by 0.36 and 0.25 compared to the measured hyperspectral images. The conclusions show that the proposed inversion model is an effective scheme for apple optical property inversion. Keywords: Apple tissue, Hyperspectral, Optical property inversion, Quality inspection.


If packets of data carry D message bits and H header bits and reliable estimates of message length are not available, then D should be chosen to be about eight times greater than H in order to obtain maximum throughput for a given transmission rate.


The multifaceted system modeling method represents all the components and alternatives of a system. As one of these methods, the System Entity Structure/Model Base (SES/MB) enhances the organization of model families as well as, storing and reusing model components. However, the real world can be described not only as an individual system but also as a collection of those systems, which is called a system of systems. Because SES/MB is limited in simulating the system of systems using HLA/RTI, an extended framework is required to simulate the system of systems. This paper proposes a System of Systems Entity Structure/Federate Base (SoSES/FB) framework for simulation in a distributed environment. The proposed framework provides a library of simulators (FB) and SoSES formalism, which represents structural knowledge of a collection of simulators. It also provides a new federation synthesis process. The paper introduces a simulation of a warship's anti-missile defense system using the proposed SoSES/FB framework.


Extracting and understanding of emotion is of high importance for the interaction among human and machine communication systems. The most expressive way to display the human's emotion is through facial expression analysis. This paper presents and implements an automatic extraction and recognition method of facial expression and emotion from still image. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we assess the ratio of success with emotionally expressive facial image database. Experimental results shows average 66% of success to analyze and recognize the facial expression and emotion. The obtained result indicates the good performance and enough to applicable to mobile environments.


In this work, graphene nanosheets were prepared using the Hummers-Offeman method. We prepared the resultant graphene electrode with kneading type. The prepared graphene nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy instrument and Raman spectra. Finally, the electrochemical performances of graphene nanosheets in an electrolyte solution of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate ((C2H5)4NBF4, TEABF4) in propylene carbonate (C4H6O3, PC) were examined.


Since the 1980s, the discussion of canons has been a dominant theme in the discipline of Western art history. Various concerns have emerged regarding 'questions of artistic judgment', 'the history genesis of masterpieces', 'variations in taste', 'the social instruments of canonicity', and 'how canons disappear'.1 Western art historians have considered how the canon's appearance in Western visual art embodies aesthetic, ideological, cultural, social, and symbolic values.2 In Chinese art history, the idea of a canon including masterpieces, important artists, and forms of art, dates back to the mid ninth century when Zhang Yanyuan (active 9th century) wrote his painting history Lidai minghua ji [Record of Famous Painters of All the Dynasties]. Not only does the title of the book suggest Zhang's canonical attitude towards Chinese painting history, but, as a companion work to Zhang's writing on calligraphy Fashu yaolu [Essential Record of Calligraphy Exemplars], his text on painting history promotes the theory that painting is comparable to the long privileged tradition of calligraphy. Since then, the process of canon construction in Chinese calligraphy and painting through collection, theorization, and publication has continued in China. Faced with quite different political, economic, and social conditions amid the instability of the early twentieth century, Chinese scholars attempted to discover new canons for cultural orthodoxy and authority. Modern means for canonization, such as museums and exhibition displays, cultural and academic institutions, and massive art publications with image reproduction in good quality, brought the process up to an unprecedented speed. It is true that most of these means have comparable counterparts in pre-modern times. However, their enormous scope and overwhelming influence are far beyond the reach of their imperial counterparts. Through an inter-textual reading of the publications on Chinese art history in early twentieth-century China, this paper explores the transformation of canons in order to


Dorothy Holmes. Gender Preferences in the Recreational Reading of Sixth Grade Students. 2000. Dr. Holly G. Willett, thesis advisor, Program in School and Public Librarianship. This study compared what sixth graders like to read for pleasure by gender with the collection of the Voorhees New Jersey Middle School media center. An interest survey was given to 105 sixth-grade students. A sample of the Voorhees Middle School library was done. A comparison of the two analyzed what is available in the library with what the students like to read. The influence of the Harry Potter books on recreational reading was also studied. This study showed that males and females have favorable attitudes towards recreational reading and enjoy both fiction and nonfiction as well as a variety of genres and topics. The Harry Potter series had a positive effect on how much students like to read for pleasure. For the most part, the VMS library accommodates the reading needs of the students.


The efficient total synthesis of cudratricusxanthone B ( 1 ), a biologically interesting natural isoprenylated xanthone, has been achieved for the first time starting from commercially available 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid via a linear reaction se-quence of 8 steps with the overall yield of 3.1%, wherein Claisen rearrangement and demethylation with AlCl 3 /pyridine are used as key reactions. This work definitely laid the foundation for the further pharmacological study of this natural compound. Meanwhile, another xanthone ( 2 ) has been synthesized, which proved the reported structure of the natural xanthone staudtiixanthone D to be wrong.


Hyperspectral images capture very detailed information about scanned objects and, hence, can be used to uncover various characteristics of the materials present in the analyzed scene. However, such image data are difficult to transfer due to their large volume, and generating new ground-truth datasets that could be utilized to train supervised learners is costly, time-consuming, very user-dependent, and often infeasible in practice. The research efforts have been focusing on developing algorithms for hyperspectral data classification and unmixing, which are two main tasks in the analysis chain of such imagery. Although in both of them, the deep learning techniques have bloomed as an extremely effective tool, designing the deep models that generalize well over the unseen data is a serious practical challenge in emerging applications. In this paper, we introduce the deep ensembles benefiting from different architectural advances of convolutional base models and suggest a new approach towards aggregating the outputs of base learners using a supervised fuser. Furthermore, we propose a model augmentation technique that allows us to synthesize new deep networks based on the original one by injecting Gaussian noise into the model's weights. The experiments, performed for both hyperspectral data classification and unmixing, show that our deep ensembles outperform base spectral and spectral-spatial deep models and classical ensembles employing voting and averaging as a fusing scheme in both hyperspectral image analysis tasks.


It is pointed out that the fundamental problem of style design digitalizafion is garment parts digitalization. The paper discusses the ideals of garment parts digitalization from five sections and analyses its problems and developmental foreground. The five sections are graphics or image; graphic definition of garment parts; data structure definition of garment parts; joining of garment parts and dealing with decorative pieces.


ABSTRACT This paper explains the state of art of switched flux wound-field machines (SFWFMs). The main advantage of these SFWFMs when compared with induction machines, synchronous machines, direct current machines, etc. is that all the active parts such that armature coil and field excitation coil are located on the stator while the rotor part consists of only iron material without windings. This makes the machine more robust, simple structure, and more suitable to be used for high-speed applications, compared to induction machine which has low mechanical strength, less torque desnity, and low power factor. Theories, numerical and technical literature of different SFWFM are described and analysed. Merits and demerits of different SFWFM structure are discussed. This paper categorized SFWFM topologies on the basis of their structure, flux linkage, cogging torque, average torque, and efficiency.


Objectives: In Ulleung island, many people was suffered from dermatomycosis. But many patients was not recognized to dermatomycosis due to little symptom. So, public health education was needed. We will plan education direction based on evidence. So, in one way, the recognition level was needed to determine education direction. Methods: From June to July in 2005, 45 patients was made a question. The questionnaire was composed of chief complaint, site, duration, similar disease in family, 5 questiones and so on. If patients was recognized to I question, I score was added. Remain 4 question was done in same manner. Results: The low score group were that total score was beyond 2. And The high score group were that total score was above 3. The low score group was 24 persons, average age was 59. The high score group was 21 persons and average age was 42. Male and female ratio was 7 : 17 in low score group and 10 : 11 in high score group. Coinfection was 17 patients in low score group and 2 patients in high score grou. There was only 17 patients that wete recognized that dermatomycosis and "Moozom" were same disease. And, many patients was not recognized to possibility of reinfection after treatment of dermatomycosis. Conclusions: In Ulleung island, coinfection rate was higher than other area because of low recognition level. And infection rate in family was higher too. So, there was essential to educate of dermatomycosis prevention. Dermatomysosis patient became older and was more female than other area, so there was need to centralize people to be needed of public health education. Finally, many statistical study for dematomycosis should be needed for many patients and general populations in Ulleung island.


Daniel Clowes is undoubtedly one of the most influential and prolific cartoonists working today, with a career spanning many decades. The Daniel Clowes Reader (Parille 2013) comes at the perfect time – when interest in Clowes from scholars and critics is at a high, but in which he is still perhaps given less critical attention than his peers Chris Ware, Art Spiegelman, and Marjane Satrapi, all of whom are cited twice as often as Clowes despite his large canon of significant works in comics. With recent books being published on Chris Ware by The University Press of Mississippi and the forthcoming Art Spiegelman collection from Drawn and Quarterly, more significant focused, monographic books are emerging in comics and comics criticism, and The Daniel Clowes Reader is a more than welcome addition to this emergence.


1. After Empire: British Orientalism in Decline 2. Orientalism, Antiquity and the Beginnings of British Colonial Rule in India: The Textual Basis of Early Orientalism-Hastings, Jones, Mill 3. Orienalism, Vedanta and Indian Modernity: Raja Rammohan Ray on Sanskritic Antiquity 4. Colonial Divides and Shared Orientalisms: Kipling and Tagore in the World 5. Modernist Orientalism and Empathetic Subjectivity: Mrs. Dalloway and the Discontents of Modernity Notes Bibliography Index


This study begins by questioning the performance of FKUB (forum for interreligious harmony) assigned as an agent of interreligious harmony in Indonesia. By using AST (Adaptive Structuration Theory), proposed by De Sanctis & Poole, the author looks at the social interaction between agent and structure in light of produced and reproduced structure. Through interviewing informants, this study found that the appropriation of structure is determined by the social interaction of the agents. Provided it is done faithfully according to the spirit of the structure, the decision outcome will be predictable. The resources will change and develop according to agent capacity. The resources that embedded in agent can become a safety valve for an organization. The implication will be for decision making, as the dynamics and complexity of interreligious harmony, every teamwork member should understand the process of structuration in the policy making whereby rules and resources are implemented so that members can participate actively, democratically and capably.


Spectral-spatial based deep learning models have recently proven to be effective in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification for various earth monitoring applications such as land cover classification and agricultural monitoring. However, due to the nature of "black-box" model representation, how to explain and interpret the learning process and the model decision remains an open problem. This study proposes an interpretable deep learning model -- a biologically interpretable two-stage deep neural network (BIT-DNN), by integrating biochemical and biophysical associated information into the proposed framework, capable of achieving both high accuracy and interpretability on HSI based classification tasks. The proposed model introduces a two-stage feature learning process. In the first stage, an enhanced interpretable feature block extracts low-level spectral features associated with the biophysical and biochemical attributes of the target entities; and in the second stage, an interpretable capsule block extracts and encapsulates the high-level joint spectral-spatial features into the featured tensors representing the hierarchical structure of the biophysical and biochemical attributes of the target ground entities, which provides the model an improved performance on classification and intrinsic interpretability. We have tested and evaluated the model using two real HSI datasets for crop type recognition and crop disease recognition tasks and compared it with six state-of-the-art machine learning models. The results demonstrate that the proposed model has competitive advantages in terms of both classification accuracy and model interpretability.


An operation learning device is provided with a sending part used for displaying a given image of a press button operation of a remote control corresponding to a given operation supported by the remote control on an electronic device or sending the given image to a given communication line through an image data signal of other electronic devices connected with the electronic device; a receiving part receiving a control signal which is correspondingly generated with the a wireless operation signal received by the abovementioned electronic device through the press button operation of the remote control and can determine the press button operation; a learning part for generating an operation learning table for storing corresponding relations between the press button operation determined by the control signal and the given operation supported thereby; and a determination part for respectively determining given operations corresponding to the control signals according to the operation learning table. Therefore, the remote control of the stored electronic device used for connecting with an operation target device through the given communication line is used for reliably performing remote operations on the operation target device.


Abstract : Axially loaded specimens of 7075-T651 aluminum with a hole were fatigue tested using loading histories derived from strain gage data recorded on operational aircraft. For the baseline data the magnitude and order in which the loads occurred during a flight were preserved. The flight contained data from taxi, takeoff, flight and landing strain histories. The data was processed by several counting techniques to obtain statistical distributions of the cyclic and mean stress amplitudes, as well as the number of stress cycles per flight for both the ground operations and the inflight operations. These distributions were then used to generate a series of flight-by-flight test sequences. Three different counting techniques were used to determine the statistical distribution of the cyclic stress for each of two aircraft types. The report presents the results in terms of the number of flights to failure for 9 sequences of B-58 data and 6 sequences for the F-106 data. A total of 91 specimens were tested. The report concludes that simulated testing sequences can yield the same fatigue life as the original strain gage data recorded on operational aircraft.


The aim of the research is to identify the effect of teaching on the main thinking skills in the achievement of the fourth grade students in the history subject. In order to verify the objective, the researcher put the zero hypothesis which states: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) The basic thinking skills and average grades of the students of the control group who will study according to the usual method in the test of collecting the history material, and to achieve it according to the experience of the second half of the academic year (2018–2019), The study sample consisted of (60) students of the fourth grade students in the preparatory school of the revolution, and were randomized to two groups (30) students in each group. The groups were rewarded in the following variables: age, IQ test scores, For the subject of history, and in light of the relative importance of the content and behavioral purposes, an achievement test was constructed consisting of (40) multiple choice types.


We demonstrate the design of an electrowetting lens employing a high-aspect-ratio hemispherical lens cavity and its micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) fabrication process in this study. Our preliminary simulation results showed that the physical and electrical durability of the lens can be improved by the mitigation of stresses on the insulator at the hemispherical cavity. High-aspect-ratio hemispherical cavities with various diameters and very smooth sidewall surfaces were uniformly fabricated on a silicon wafer by a sophisticated isotropic wet etching technique. Moreover, we experimentally investigated the optical properties of the MEMS-based electrowetting lens with the proposed cavity. Two immiscible liquids in the proposed lens cavity were electrostatically controlled with negligible optical distortion and low focal-length hysteresis due to the fully axis-symmetrical geometry and smooth sidewall of the cavity.


Problem statement. In recent decades, approaches to conducting field research have been significantly modernized. The use of smartphones, tablets and other portable devices with mobile GIS for field data collection has increased significantly. The rapid change in geospatial research technologies makes it necessary to introduce them into the educational process, in particular, in practical training of geography students.

Research methodology. Paper forms of field data collection, materials and reports from practical trainings of the previous years, stored at the Department of Physical Geography and Cartography of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, served us as the source materials for the research. To implement the practical part of the research, ESRI software products such as Collector for ArcGIS, ArcGIS Online, ArcGIS Desktop were used.

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the content and to create electronic forms of field data collection with mobile GIS for the physiographic part of the educational natural science training of first-year students of specialty 106 Geography of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University.

Results. The use of mobile GIS for practical training of future geographers is widespread in Ukrainian and foreign universities. In particular, in recent years, teachers of the Department of Physical Geography and Cartography have been introducing mobile GIS into field data collection. We have developed 4 electronic forms of field data collection for the physiographic part of the educational natural science training of first-year students. They are soil profile description, forest phytocenosis description, geological and geomorphological observations, and hydrological station. Due to the wide functionality of Collector for ArcGIS, in particular, the ability to work offline, this mobile application and ArcGIS Online were used to develop forms. To optimize the work with individual text fields in electronic forms, we created domain values that allow students to select a certain option from the drop-down list.

Practical significance and research perspectives. The implementation of mobile GIS into practical training of future geographers contributes to the formation of cartographic and geoinformation competencies and helps students master modern approaches to the organization of various types of field studies. Testing developed electronic forms during summer practical training of students or through independent research in the study area remains a relevant task. In the future, it is advisable to create electronic forms for all sections of the physiographic part of the first-year students' practical training and to adapt data collection forms for independent use.


This paper discusses the table in mechanical drawing according with the national standard in using AUTOCAD, and introduces the realization methods in the dimension, the tolerance of the figure and place and non 1:1 scale。The methods direct for design drawing correct.


The aim of this paper is to give a corrected bijective proof of Vershik's relations for the Kostka numbers. Our proof uses insertion and reverse insertion algorithms, as in the combinatorial proof of the Pieri rule.


Musearlnie receptors are taken to comprise at least three subtypes: M1 (neuronal type), M2 a (cardiac type) and M2p (smooth musclejglandular type) (for recent review, seeMutschier et al., 1987). This subclassification is based mainly on the different affinities of selective antagonists such as pirenzepine (M1 » M 2 a = M211 ), methoctramine (M 2 a > M1 > M2p) and hexahydro-sila-difenidol (HHSiD) (M1 = M 2p » M 2a) (Eltze, 1988a,b; Melchiorre et al., 1987; Mutschier et al., 1987; Waelbroeck et al., 1988). We report here on the antirnuscarinic profile of p-fluoro-hexahydro-siladifenidol (p-F-HHSiD; cyclohexyl(4-fluorophenylX3-piperidinopropyl)silanol) which exhibi ts a spectrum of selectivity different from that of the parent compound, HHSiD. To the best of our knowledge, p-F-HHSiD is the first musearlnie antagonist that shows M 211-receptor selectivity. The affinities of HHSiD, p-F-HHSiD and pirenzepine to muscarinic receptors were determined in rabbit vas deferens (M1) and guineapig atria (M 20 ) and ileum (M2p ). Experiments on vasa deferentia were performed as described by Eltze (1988a,b). Briefly, male New Zealand white rabbits were killed by i. v. injection of pentobarbital sodium (120 mgjkg). The vasa deferentia


The invention relates to an encryption method applied to data communication for an intelligent container. An intelligent container system comprises an intelligent container terminal, a reader, a site server and a data center, wherein the intelligent terminal is arranged at the container, monitors transportation state information of the container in real time, transmits numbered information and the transportation state information of the container to the data center through the reader directly or through transfer of the site server, adopts a short-distance wireless communication mode to carry out the data communication with the reader, and transmits the transportation state information encrypted and processed by a key to the reader. By adopting the method, the data communication for the intelligent container is safe and reliable.


Objective To evaluate the effect of whole blood irradiation by γ-rays using lymphocyte micronucleus test.Method Whole blood was divided into 4 parts and irradiated with γ-rays(0,15,25 and 35 Gy).Blood was injected in a bottle containing RPIM 1640 and PHA,and then was cultured at 37℃.Lymphocytes were harvested and fixed in slides 72 h later and lymphocyte micronucleus was observed under microscope.Lymphocytes were separated from blood and cultured in RPIM 1640.Lymphocyte transformation was observed 72 h later.Result Compared with the control group,the rate of lymphocyte micronucleus(RLM) increased along with the increase in the irradiation dosage of γ-rays significantly(P 0.01).On the other hand,the rate of lymphocyte transformation(RLT) decreased with the increase in the irradiation dosage of γ-rays significantly(P 0.01).The correlative curve between RLM and RLT showed high relativity.Curve imitating equation was =1021.246613-43.872036X+0.825340X2-0.004886X3,R2=0.999999,P 0.01.Conclusion Micronucleus test could be valuable to evaluate the of whole blood irradiation by γ-rays.35 Gy 137Cs should be the effective dosage to inactivate lymphocyte.


With the in-depth study of microscopic objects, traditional optical microscopes no longer suffice for scientific researches in some occasions because of its limited depth of the imaging device. In this paper, we propose a new method of four-dimensional image information processing to realize four-dimensional reconstruction for smaller objects. This new method combines the 3D reconstruction method and hyperspectral imaging technology together, which realizes 4D information reconstruction of 3D model and its corresponding spectral data. In order to verify this method, a multidimensional micro imaging system is proposed. In the system, the hardware is expanded, the multidimensional image acquisition and multi-dimensional data processing is realized. The experiment results show that the new method and the proposed system have satisfied performance on four-dimensional reconstruction for smaller objects.


Background: The recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) including FOXE1 and NKX2-1 genes have represent associations for well differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Replication studies in geographically distinct populations identified strong associations of rs965513 (9q22.33) and rs944289 (14q13.3) SNPs with papillary thyroid cancer. This work is the first to characterise the associations of SNPs in a population-based Kazakh cohort.Aims: To study association of SNPs with risk for sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in Kazakh population.Materials and methods: A total of 298 patients with histologically confirmed PTC and 742 controls of Kazakh origin were recruited. All participants donated a peripheral venous blood sample which was used to isolate genomic DNA. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan Genotyping on a Light Cycler 480 (Roche, Indianapolis, IN).Results: Significant associations: rs965513 (p=3.24 E-16; OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.82−2.11) and rs944289 (p=1.38 E-06; OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.21−1.52) were found in the multiplicative model of inheritance adjusted for age and sex.Conclusions: Our study unambiguously confirms the existence of genetic determinants of susceptibility to PTC in Kazakh population.


This paper describes applications of micro satellite communication terminals with size, mass, and power suitable for small aircraft, based on Scrambled Code Multiple Access (SCMA) waveform, and enhancements that supports uninterrupted communication through intermittent blockages by rotary wings. Smaller antennas have wider beams and require transmit power to be reduced for avoiding adjacent satellite interference. SCMA, with very low-rate coding, allows the use of lower power even with smaller antenna. Utilizing very low-rate coding and a family of multiple access techniques facilitates the use of cost-effective Ku and Ka band satellite. SCMA-based micro terminals have earlier been used in over-the-air COTM demonstrations for command and control terrestrial scenarios. Recently, SCMA waveforms have been enhanced to support high data rates (> 10 Mbps) and to provide additional capability for dealing with intermittent blockages. This enables the use of SCMA for satellite communication on rotary wing aircraft that create repetitive blockages for transmit and receive signals. The paper also describes waveform enhancements for higher data rates and summarizes test results from over-the-air rotary wing demonstrations.


Introduction: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)‐Specific Quality of Life instrument and its revised version (ALSSQOL and ALSSQOL‐R) have strong psychometric properties, and have demonstrated research and clinical utility. In this study we aimed to develop a short form (ALSSQOL‐SF) suitable for limited clinic time and patient stamina. Methods: The ALSSQOL‐SF was created using Item Response Theory and confirmatory factor analysis on 389 patients. A cross‐validation sample of 162 patients assessed convergent, divergent, and construct validity of the ALSSQOL‐SF compared with psychosocial and physical functioning measures. Results: The ALSSQOL‐SF consisted of 20 items. Compared with the ALSSQOL‐R, optimal precision was retained, and completion time was reduced from 15–25 minutes to 2–4 minutes. Psychometric properties for the ALSSQOL‐SF and its subscales were strong. Discussion: The ALSSQOL‐SF is a disease‐specific global QOL instrument that has a short administration time suitable for clinical use, and can provide clinically useful, valid information about persons with ALS. Muscle Nerve 58: 646–654, 2018


High-resolution Westerbork H I observations have been used to search for 21 cm absorption due to high-velocity clouds (HVCs) in spectra of continuum sources. Two absorption features were found in HVC 131 + 1 - 200, at the five and three delta-level. The derived spin temperature is of the order of 50 K. The two continuum sources were not identified with a particular type of object and therefore could not be used to give limits on the distance to HVC 131 + 1 - 200. In another HVC field (M I, HVC 165 + 66 - 120) no absorption was found.


Objective To evaluate the histocompatibility of nano-HA/PVA(nano-hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol) hydrogel composite keratoprosthesis.Design Animal experiment.Participants Three type of keratoprosthesis: one was made of big-porous nano-HA/PVA hydrogel;the second one was made of small-porous nano-HA/PVA hydrogel;and the third one,the control one,was made of PVA hydrogel entirely.Methods 21 rabbits were divided into three groups(each group had seven rabbits).One eye selected randomly from each rabbit from group 1,2,3 was implanted the keratoprosthesis type 1,2,3,respectively in the corneas through the lamellar keratoplasty.The host response in the cornea of the rabbit from each group was observed with the slit lamp microscope and histological sections of cornea at 3,8,and 24 weeks after operation.Main Outcome Measures The score of inflammatory response,the occurrence time and the score of the area of the corneal neovascularization,the stability of the keratoprosthesis,and the histological sections of cornea in each group.Results At 3 weeks after implantation,the mean score of the inflammation responses in group 1,2,and 3 was 1.29±0.488,1.43±0.535,and 2.14±0.690 respectively(P=0.027);at 8 weeks after implantation,the mean score of the area of the the corneal neovascularization in group 1,2,and 3 was 2.67±0.516,2.33±0.816,and 1.57±0.535 respectively(P=0.018);The occurrence time of the corneal neovascularization in group 1,2 and 3 was(23.17±1.72) dyas,(24.50±1.05) days,and(29.71±1.60) days respectively(P=0.000);the translocation of the keratoprosthesis was appeared in 14.29%,28.57%,and 42.86% of the cornea in group 1,2,and 3 respectively(χ2=1.449,P=0.485);切After 8 weeks,migration of the keratocytes and deposition of collagen was detected in the pore of nano-HA/PVA peripheral skirt,which was more remarkable in group1 than in group 2.Conclusion Nano-HA/PVA composite hydrogel keratoprosthesis has been demonstrated a good biocompatibility and could be reserved more stably in the cornea of the host than the one made of PVA hydrogel entirely.It will be optimistic to throw the nano-HA/PVA keratoprosthesis into the clinic use.


Existing Urdu TTS system has been integrated with Microsoft Speech API (SAPI. The system is now being freely distributed to visually impaired community in Pakistan.


There are many examples where neural networks have been effectively used to predict protein secondary and tertiary structure from the primary sequence data. We describe the use of a Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) to categorise proteins based on secondary structure, and attempt to relate this information to functional data.


Significance Heating, vaporization, and mixing of fuel droplets through spraying is an integral process in thermal energy production. Staged atomization through self-induced droplet secondary microexplosion, attainable for multicomponent fuel mixtures with optimized volatility and miscibility properties, offers potential for improved atomization characteristics. This work comprehensively investigates the boiling process of a ternary drop, which initially is in the Leidenfrost state over a superheated surface, from the initial emergence of a second phase through self-encapsulation and, finally, microexplosion of the drop. The work exemplifies the richness of phenomena which can occur in multicomponent drop systems with phase transition. The gasification of multicomponent fuel drops is relevant in various energy-related technologies. An interesting phenomenon associated with this process is the self-induced explosion of the drop, producing a multitude of smaller secondary droplets, which promotes overall fuel atomization and, consequently, improves the combustion efficiency and reduces emissions of liquid-fueled engines. Here, we study a unique explosive gasification process of a tricomponent droplet consisting of water, ethanol, and oil ("ouzo"), by high-speed monitoring of the entire gasification event taking place in the well-controlled, levitated Leidenfrost state over a superheated plate. It is observed that the preferential evaporation of the most volatile component, ethanol, triggers nucleation of the oil microdroplets/nanodroplets in the remaining drop, which, consequently, becomes an opaque oil-in-water microemulsion. The tiny oil droplets subsequently coalesce into a large one, which, in turn, wraps around the remnant water. Because of the encapsulating oil layer, the droplet can no longer produce enough vapor for its levitation, and, thus, falls and contacts the superheated surface. The direct thermal contact leads to vapor bubble formation inside the drop and consequently drop explosion in the final stage.


Foreword - T N Ninan Preface and Acknowledgements - Dwijen Rangnekar Introduction and Overview: Humanist Economics as Public Reason by PRATAP BHANU MEHTA I: THE POLITICS OF POVERTY: THE SOCIAL CRISIS OF DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA Crisis Today: The Dimming of Hope Politics of Poverty-I: The Deepening Social Crisis Politics of Poverty-II: A Quiet Burial of Ideology The Ritual of Remembering Gandhi Farmers' Stir-I: Writing on the Nasik Wall Farmers' Stir-II: Changes in Inter-Sectoral Price Parity Will the Rains Fill Our Bowls? II: DEPENDENCIES' INDEPENDENCE-THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT TO INDIA'S EXPERIMENT Economic Co-Operation North-South Divide: An Economic Analysis Today's Controversies-I: Delhi's Attitude to Aid Today's Controversies-II: Fertilizer and Foreign Capital Trade Prospects III: ROPE TRICKS-PLANNING INDIA'S DEVELOPMENT The Annual Indian Rope Trick Nehruism and the Second Phase Second Thoughts on Indian Planning To Earn or Not to Spend The Taxing Question IV: INDUSTRIALISING INDIA-FOLLIES AND POLICIES India: The Emerging Industrial Power Crisis Today-I: Failure to Stem Structural Deterioration Crisis Today-II: Anti-inflation Follies Crisis Today-III: IMF Borrowals: Perils of Economic Chaos Industrial Policy Conclusion and Afterword - Sanjaya Baru Index


The relationship between the chemical composition and shell structure of cenospheres with a low bulk density of 0.40–0.45 g/cm3 and a high Al2O3 content of 33–38 wt % has been systematically studied. It was established that the composition of the narrow fractions of cenospheres can be described by the general regression equation SiO2/Al2O3 = 4.34 – 0.08[Al2O3] with the correlation coefficient of r = −0.99. The phase composition includes the glass phase (57–73 wt %), mullite (25–40 wt %), and quartz (1.2–2.5 wt %). An increase in the Al2O3 content leads to an increase in the size of particles and the porosity of their shells. In the obtained fractions of cenospheres, there are two types of globules: spherical globules with a single-ring structure and foamy globules with a network structure. It is established that the composition of individual particles with a network structure localized in the range of the Al2O3 content from 43 wt % to 51 wt % and can be described by the regression equation SiO2/Al2O3 = 2....


Review(s) of: Creating Augustine: Interpreting Augustine and Augustinianism in the later middle ages, by Saak, E.L., (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012) hardcover, 258 pages, $125.00, ISBN 9780199646388.


The invention discloses a preparation method for a composite cathode material of a lithium ion battery by means of spray drying pyrolysis treatment. The preparation method includes the steps: dissolving a first type of binder organic carbon source into solvent of a proper quantity, adding a silicon source, a second type of binder and a dispersing agent, dispersing uniformly, adding graphite, dispersing for a certain time, subjecting uniformly dispersed suspension to spray drying, and using the first type of binder organic carbon source to bond the silicon source, the graphite and the second type of binder particles into spherical or spherical-like forms to obtain a composite precursor; and transferring the precursor into a shielding atmosphere for sintering, heating the second type of binder to a certain temperature to be melted into a liquid crystal state, bonding the particle silicon source and the graphite into cores, subjecting the organic carbon source to pyrolysis at the high temperature to form a coating, and furnace cooling to obtain the carbon-silicon composite cathode material of the lithium ion battery. The preparation method is simple, easy in implementation and high in practicality. The carbon-silicon composite prepared by the method has the advantages of high reversible capacity, designable capacity, high circulating performance and high-current discharging performance, high tap density and the like.


Songket Sambas (Kain Lunggi) is a gold thread cloth typical of the culture of the Sambas people. The Sambas songket craftsmen have used social media a lot in marketing their products. The selection of the right social media in product marketing can help increase sales of Sambas songket. It can be the key to success in expanding Sambas songket sales to various regions. This study aims to apply the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in the selection of social media that is widely used as the right Sambas songket marketing media. In this study, the AHP method was used as a method for decision making. In determining the pairwise comparison matrix, Sambas songket craftsmen were involved. The criteria used are age range (C1), gender (C2), number of users (C3), level of popularity (C4). From this study, we have the value of Facebook is 0.82, Instagram is 0.60, Youtube is 0.06, Twitter is 0.04. The final priority result of the right social media to use with the first order is Facebook.


To maximize yields of fermentable xylose monomer from hydrothermal pretreatment of corn stover at 200 °C, the xylooligomers-rich liquor produced was post hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid over a range of times and acid concentrations. The results showed that application of 0.75% H2SO4 at 110 °C for 180 min or 0.50% H2SO4 at 110 °C for 240 min recovered almost 100% of the total xylose from the oligomers. Furthermore, adjusting one constant in the combined severity parameter (CSP) provided a rapid and accurate tool for trading off times, temperatures, and acid concentrations to reach the highest xylose yields from xylooligomers in hydrothermal pretreatment solutions. This adjusted CSP showed that an 8.4 °C temperature increase has the same impact as doubling the acid concentration or halving reaction time instead of the 10 °C change projected by the customary CSP and suggests that xylooligomers bonds are more easily broken than the hemicellulose from which they are derived.


In a 2010 special report, The Economist magazine termed the resurgence of state-owned, publicly listed enterprises "Leviathan Inc." and criticized the poor governance and low efficiency of these firms. We compile a new comprehensive data set of state ownership of publicly listed firms in 44 countries over the period of 2004–2017 and show that state-owned enterprises are more responsive to environmental issues. The effect is more pronounced in economies lacking energy security and strong environmental regulation, and among firms with more local operations and higher domestic government ownership. We find a similar effect on corporate social engagement but not on governance quality. These results suggest a different role for "Leviathan Inc.," especially in dealing with environmental externalities. This paper was accepted by Management Science Special Issue on Business and Climate Change.


Abstract: Afrikaans passive constructions have received significant attention in the literature for almost a century. The matter of using was instead of is in past tense passives is regularly attended to, and usually condemned in certain contexts of use. This article explores three related topics regarding Afrikaans passives with the use of a corpus of Afrikaans from 1911–2010. (1) The topic of usage patterns of Afrikaans passives in general and was passives more specifically is explored by showing, among other things, a stable ratio between past and present tense verb forms and stable agentivity, as well as showing that was passives are fairly infrequent in the data and decreasing slightly. (2) The next matter concerns details of was passive use, and three different tense distinctions are found in the data: simple past tense, past perfect tense, and, somewhat unexpectedly, dissociated past tense. Some unexpected increases and decreases in usage are reported. (3) The possibility of English influence causing the 'incorrect' uses of was in the passive as proposed by grammars are investigated; drawing on theory on contact-induced change and the corpus data, it is proposed that Afrikaans past tense copula constructions are more likely responsible for simple past tense was passives.


The Underwater Tank Laboratory located at the Instituto de Acustica, CSIC, Madrid, has been fully reshaped. Now, the two bridges (emission and reception) have full automatic motion control by the operator. These capabilities were complemented by a new management of signal generation, signal acquisition, processing and storing of data. This new framework makes many of the tasks to be performed in this kind of facility easier by putting at the hands of the operator specific friendly software programs that attend to the main aspects of the ongoing experiment. In one step forward, the remote control of all the functionalities was considered feasible. The potentialities of the Internet were thought to provide a new dimension to the laboratory by lowering the difficulties of taking over the full control of the installation, by any user around the world. Here is one real example of how this achievement can be carried out. The Underwater Acoustics Laboratory at the Instituto de Acustica, CSIC, is now ready to be ...


This theme introduces the concept and the method about intrusion detection of computer net,especially analyzes some important problems like as its classify and the method of the intrusion detection.In the end of the article,the development of the intrusion detection also has been introduced.


Various challenge tests have been used around the world for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)2, and substantial variation among these methods has been noted, not only in the amount of glucose for the challenge and the testing intervals but also in the concentration thresholds used for interpretation. The interpretive criteria for these testing approaches have variably been based on the value for predicting future maternal diabetes or been adopted from standards developed with nonpregnant individuals, despite the changes in glucose metabolism known to occur during pregnancy. The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study was an observational study of values obtained in blinded 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) for >23 000 pregnancies from 9 different countries around the world (1). The adverse pregnancy outcomes evaluated included birth weight >90th percentile (large for gestational age), fetal hyperinsulinemia, primary cesarean section, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal adiposity, shoulder dystocia, and preeclampsia. All adverse outcomes were related directly and significantly to the glucose concentration at each OGTT time point, but there was no obvious inflection point in any of the curves. The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) undertook a process to reach consensus on the diagnostic criteria for GDM with respect to their value for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes and recommended that GDM be diagnosed when one or more of the following plasma glucose values in the 75-g, 2-h OGTT was met or exceeded: fasting, 92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L); 1 h, 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L); 2 h, 153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) (2). According to the HAPO Study data, patients with GDM have an approximate doubling of the likelihood of a baby with a birth weight above the 90th percentile, 2.6 times the likelihood of fetal hyperinsulinemia, twice the likelihood of preeclampsia, and a 40% increase …


This article analyses a debate about the political definition of "culture" and "tradition" in Zimbabwe, sparked by the introduction of domestic violence legislation in 2006. The debate is analysed against the back-drop of the Zimbabwean government's nationalist identity politics, rhetorically dubbed the "Third Chimurenga", in which insiders and outsiders of the nation are depicted via a cultural and historical discourse of indigenous authenticity. The relations of gender and power which are inherent to this political discourse are analysed as functioning through the formulation of discourses of marriage, Christianity, and "tradition", which are the contested elements in the debates. The article concludes that the nationalist discourses of the government were maintained as the discursive framework within which the debates about the legislation could take place. And while those who opposed the law saw it as an attack on patriarchal powers, the law can from an analytical point of view also be seen to transfer patriarchal authority from the private sphere to the authorities. Furthermore, the debates over the definition of Zimbabwe's "culture" and "tradition" are seen as part of a contingent process of cultural and political change, which the Zimbabwean women's movement is engaged in.


Abstract The evolution of the frequency of reproduction in perennial plants is analyzed using the Lefkovitch matrix model. The model describes a population dynamics with a stage-specific pattern of reproduction and mortality of plants. Both the density-independent and density-dependent models are analyzed, and the results of the two models are compared. In the density-independent model, the invasible condition depends on the survival rate at juvenile stage, the emergence rate of seeds and the trade-off curve between the number of seeds and the survival rate of mature plants. The result is qualitatively similar to the studies by Schaffer & Gadgil (1975, in: Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.) and Pianka (1976, Am. Zool. 16, 775–784). However, in the density-dependent model, the invasible condition does not depend on those parameters, but on only the trade-off curve. Therefore, the trade-off between the number of seeds and the adult survival rate, and the density-dependence of the dynamics, play an important role in the evolution of the frequency of reproduction. However, there is no significant difference between the results derived from the stage- and the age-structured population models.


Miocene magmatic rocks are exposed as lava flows (OKV group), subvolcanic rocks (SRG group), and as lavas interbedded with shallow-basin sedimentary layers (TVN group) in the Takab area, NW Iran. Zircon U–Pb dating yields ages of 18 to 15 Ma. Whole-rock chemistry shows that most of the Early Miocene magmatic rocks are andesite with subordinate dacite. The magmatic rocks have low contents of MgO, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb and Ta, and high concentrations of Li, large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, K and Ba, and light rare earth elements. The OKV and SRG groups have similar initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0·70557–0·70768) and εNd(t) values (+1·0 to +2·2). The TVN group show larger variations of 87Sr/86Sr(i) ratios from 0·70628 to 0·71033 and εNd(t) values from –3·8 to +1·6. This implies a greater role of involvement of supra-crustal domains in the evolution of the TVN group relative to the SRG and OKV groups. Early Miocene magmatic rocks in the Takab area are situated between the Sanandaj–Saqqez Cretaceous calc-alkaline andesite in the SW and the Late Eocene–Oligocene (35–27 Ma) ocean island basalt-like Mianeh–Hashtrood magmatic belt of possible back-arc affinity in the NE. In addition, Late Eocene (40–37 Ma) syn-collision granites in the Baneh–Marivan area along the Zagros suture zone along the west side of the Sanandaj–Saqqez Cretaceous calc-alkaline andesite body indicate that collision of the Arabian Plate and the NW Iran Block occurred in the Late Eocene. These observations support the idea that Early Miocene andesites (18–15 Ma) in the Takab area were generated after collision, which was also associated with doubling of the thickness of the continental crust in the Zagros suture zone, thinning of continental crust far from the Zagros suture zone, and development of shallow-basin sedimentary rocks in NW Iran. Partial melting of mafic calc-alkaline bodies at depth or highly metasomatized fossil mantle owing to thinning of continental crust and asthenospheric upwelling may represent possible sources for the Late Miocene andesite. We conclude that andesitic rocks, even with typical arc signatures, are not always generated in an active margin and that some were probably generated in a post-collision tectonic regime. Misinterpretation of the arc signature can result in erroneous assumptions as to the geodynamic regime, and in the particular case of NW Iran, the timing of collision of the Arabian and Iranian plates.


The tax advantages of personal-use property induce taxpayers to buy more housing than they would without tax. Two-thirds of the tax distortion occurs in the wealthiest 10 percent of families. The proposal would tax the rental value of personal use of property for aggregate property worth more than $1 million per family. The proposal would allow the deduction of home mortgage interest but disallow the deduction of property tax over the same $1 million threshold. The taxable rental value would be measured by a long-term risk-free interest rate, adjusted annually. Value would be set initially by purchase price, and then adjusted annually by a regional index. The $1 million threshold would be reduced by $50,000 annually over the coming years, but not to a point where the tax collected would not be worth the administrative effort. The proposal would tax capital gain from the sale of a residence even if it were reinvested.The proposal is made as a part of the Shelf Project, a collaboration by tax professionals to develop and perfect proposals to help Congress when it needs to raise revenue. Shelf Project proposals are intended to raise revenue, defend the tax base, follow the money, and improve the rationality and efficiency of the tax system. The tax community can propose, follow, or edit proposals at http://www.taxshelf.org. A longer description of the Shelf Project can be found at ''The Shelf Project: Revenue-Raising Projects That Defend the Tax Base,'' Tax Notes, Dec. 10, 2007, p. 1077, Doc 2007-22632, 2007 TNT 238-37.Shelf Project proposals follow the format of a congressional tax committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.Copyright 2009 Calvin H. Johnson.


In this study, we develop a new 3D miniature blood vessel searching system by using near-infrared LED light, a CMOS camera module with an image processing unit for a health monitoring system (HMS), a drug delivery system (DDS) which requires very high performance for automatic micro blood volume extraction and automatic blood examination. Our objective is to fabricate a highly reliable micro detection system by utilizing image capturing, image processing, and micro blood extraction devices. For the searching system to determine 3D blood vessel location, we employ the stereo method. The stereo method is a common photogrammetric method. It employs the optical path principle to detect 3D location of the disparity between two cameras. The principle for blood vessel visualization is derived from the ratio of hemoglobin's absorption of the near-infrared LED light. To get a high quality blood vessel image, we adopted an LED, with peak a wavelength of 940nm. The LED is set on the dorsal side of the finger and it irradiates the human finger. A blood vessel image is captured by a CMOS camera module, which is set below the palmer side of the finger. 2D blood vessel location can be detected by the luminance distribution of a one pixel line. To examine the accuracy of our detecting system, we carried out experiments using finger phantoms with blood vessel diameters of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0mm, at the depths of 0.5 ~ 2.0 mm from the phantom's surface. The experimental results of the estimated depth obtained by our detecting system shows good agreements with the given depths, and the viability of this system is confirmed.


Objective To study the adhesion and proliferation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) on the HA/TCP bone graft scaffold.Methods BMSCs were harvested from the iliac bone and obtained by using adhesive culture method.BMSCs were induced with osteogenic medium,at the 7th day,the cells were stained by the calcium cobalt method to show the activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP).At the 10th day,the mineralized nodules of osteoblasts stained with chinalizarin.Otherwise BMSCs were induced with adipogenic medium,and at the 21st day the cells stained with oil red O.We cultured the BMSCs on the surface of a matrix scaffold with osteogenic medium.The morphologic characters were checked by light microscopy,fluorescence microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy,and the proliferation of BMSCs were assayed using the MTT test.Results At the 7th day after osteoblastic induction,ALP was strongly positive,and at the 10th day,mineralized nodules stained with chinalizarin were jacinth.At the 21th day after adipogenic induction,the adipocytes were stained with oil red O.BMSCs grew well around or in pores of the HA/TCP bone graft scaffold and could be seen using both fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The MTT test assay showed that the HA/TCP couldn't inhibit the proliferation of BMSCs.Conclusion BMSCs have a good biocompatibility with a HA/TCP bone graft scaffold.


We captured mormoopids, phyllostomids, and vespertilionids in Honduras to collect bat ectoparasites. Two species of Spinturnicidae (Acari) are the first reports of this family in Honduras. One species of Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903, and four of Streblidae are recorded for the first time in Honduras. With these results, the current species number of each family for Honduras are two species of Spinturnicidae, three of Nycteribiidae, and 48 of Streblidae. We compared the number of species of Streblidae and bats in Honduras to highly sampled countries in Central and South America. Clearly, more effort is still needed in Honduras, although this is the third attempt to study the bat ectoparasites in Honduras.


Bjorn Poonen discussed the "recognition problem" for finitely generated rings (and fields). That is, given two finitely generated commutative rings A and B, presented in terms of generators and relations, is there a decision procedure to determine whether or not these rings are isomorphic (this being, one would think, a basic issue for algebraic geometry!). Of course, if one drops the requirement of commutativity, one comes up against the unsolvablity of the corresponding problem for finitely generated groups (by taking A and B simply to be integral group rings). Carol Wood brought up cases where model theory, applied to number theoretic problems provided bounds that are impressively good! Model Theory—in some instances—yields significantly new proofs of theorems obtained by the number-theorists . In other instances, model theory achieves startling results for problems not yet considered by number theorists . Carol Wood discussed the recent article of Pila and Wilkie ([PW07]) that provides asymptotic upper bounds (as a function of the variable T ) for the number of Q-rational points of height ≤ T that


The plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) surface modification technique was employed for improving the mechanical and anti-corrosion properties of the AZ63 magnesium alloy. Different PEO processing times (5, 10 and 20 min) in a 10 g/L NaAlO2 electrolyte, with no other additives, led to the formation of ceramic coatings with mean thicknesses between 15 and 37 microns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the porosity of the coatings decreased with processing time, but an increase in roughness was observed. X-Ray diffraction phase analysis indicated a coating structure composed of majority magnesium aluminate spinel. The corrosion rate of the coated samples decreased with an order of magnitude compared with the bare alloy. The average micro-hardness values of the PEO-coated samples was up to five times higher than those of the AZ63 alloy.


Jessica Powell meets the doctors and their staff who are practising what they preach when it comes to environmental initiatives to protect the planet—and their patients


SUMMARY A first report is made on the occurrence of root nodules in MjJrica [aya. By means of a long-term growth experiment and the use of tile acetylene reduction technique it is shown that the nodules of Myrica [aya fix atmospheric nitrogen in sufficient amount to permit vigorous growth of the plant in a rooting medium free of combined nitrogen. The lobes of the nodule clusters produce roots which display upward growth. An examination under the light and electron microscopes of the root nodules formed shows a concentric ring of cells within the nodule cortex infected with a filamentous endophyte similar to that described for other Myrica species.


This study aims to examine the effects of time budget pressure, locus of control, and task complexity on dysfunctional audit behavior public accountant in Bali. By using nonprobability sampling technique, the data obtained through survey technique by distributing questionnaire to 75 auditors who worked at public accountant firms registered at Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia (IAPI) Bali 2013. Multiple linear regression analysis used for this study. The results suggest that there were positive effect of time budget pressure, locus of control, and task complexity on dysfunctional audit behavior. Budget preparation time, individual characteristics, and auditor task complexity play a role in identifying auditor accepting of dysfunctional behavior. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Social media exerts as an influential force where fund investors can exchange views in real time. The influence may affect fund returns. Focusing on Chinese fund market, this paper examines the influence of social media, eastmoney.com, on the returns of Rongtong Healthcare Mixed A/B fund. We adopt a VAR model, perform the Granger causality test, and analysis the impulse response results. The results highlight the positive influence of social media on fund returns in short term, and there is a unidirectional causality running from the weekly activation and the weekly influence of posts as a whole to fund returns. The paper also reveals that the weekly activation, compared with the weekly influence of posts, has a greater influence on the returns of Rongtong Healthcare Mixed A/B fund.


Fifteen populations of cyst-forming nematodes belonging to 11 known and one unidentified species collected in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea were studied using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequences. RFLP profiles generated by the restriction enzymes AluI, AvaI, Bsh1236I, HaeIII, Hin6I, MvaI, PstI and RsaI are presented for Heterodera carotae, H. ciceri, H. fici, H. filipjevi, H. goettingiana, H. hordecalis, H. humuli, H. mediterranea, H. ripae and H. schachtii. Molecular data support the first detection of H. filipjevi from wheat in Italy and H. ripae from nettle in Greece. A relative high level of sequence divergence between populations of H. hordecalis was observed. This suggests that two species might presently be grouped under this taxon. The phylogenetic relationship between the Mediterranean cyst-forming nematode species is analysed based on the ITS-rDNA sequences.


To develop and optimize a Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) phenotypic screening bioassay for stress responses, regarding the effect of nutrient content, bacterial growth phase and stress agent exposure time.


Simple Summary Computational simulations of biological systems are an intrinsic element of engineering in medicine, allowing physicians the ability to visualize the pathophysiology behind a disease. Many biomedical applications require fluid–structure interaction analyses. This paper provides a review of fluid–structure interaction methods using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics to analyze the dynamics of biological processes. Abstract Due to the inherent complexity of biological applications that more often than not include fluids and structures interacting together, the development of computational fluid–structure interaction models is necessary to achieve a quantitative understanding of their structure and function in both health and disease. The functions of biological structures usually include their interactions with the surrounding fluids. Hence, we contend that the use of fluid–structure interaction models in computational studies of biological systems is practical, if not necessary. The ultimate goal is to develop computational models to predict human biological processes. These models are meant to guide us through the multitude of possible diseases affecting our organs and lead to more effective methods for disease diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy. This review paper summarizes computational models that use smoothed-particle hydrodynamics to simulate the fluid–structure interactions in complex biological systems.


A comparison was made between low‐energy ion backscattering and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) in the analysis of various coverages of sulfur on a nickel (111) crystal plane. For the intensity ratios S/Ni a linear relationship between both techniques was found for submonolayer coverage. Using the calibration of Perdereau for AES, ion scattering intensities are calibrated and relative values are obtained for the neutralization probabilities of Ne+ and He+ scattered from Ni and S. For 1‐keV Ne+ ions neutralization is about a factor of 7 lower for scattering from S than from Ni. Ion scattering is more sensitive to the position of adsorbed atoms than AES; a shadowing effect shows that the S atoms sit on top of the Ni surface layer. Both effects result in a high sensitivity of Ne+ scattering for adsorbates such as S or O, the detection limit being some 10−4 of a monolayer.


In this paper, we study Alexandrov-embedded γnoids with genus 1 and horizontal ends. Such minimal surfaces are of two types and we build several examples of the first one. We prove that if a polygon bounds an immersed polygonal disk, it is the flux polygon of an r-noid with genus 1 of the first type. We also study the case of polygons which are invariant under a rotation. The construction of these surfaces is based on the resolution of the Dirichlet problem for the minimal surface equation on an unbounded domain.


Several inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and action, as well as an atmospheric ethylene scrubber, were used to investigate the role of ethylene in adventitious root initiation in de-bladed petioles from the juvenile and mature phase of English ivy (Hedera helix L.). Induction of root primordia required NAA regardless of the inhibitor treatment. Difficult-to-root mature petioles have been shown to produce higher amounts of ethylene than easy-to-root juvenile petioles. However, mature petioles failed to root under any combination of NAA and inhibitor treatment, indicating that the continued evolution of ethylene in NAA-treated mature petioles was not responsible for the absence of a rooting response. Root initiation in juvenile petioles was not affected by treatment with the ethylene action inhibitors STS and NDE, nor by removal of atmospheric ethylene with KMnO 4. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis using AVG or AOA reduced root initiation in juvenile petioles, but this response was not well-correlated to the observed reduction in ethylene evolution. The inhibitory action of AVG could not be reversed by the addition of ethylene gas or ACC, which indicated that AVG could be acting through a mechanism other than the inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis. Chemical names used: 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC); silver thiosulfate (STS); 2,5-norbornadiene (NDE); aminoethyoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG); aminooxyacetic acid (AOA). Auxin stimulates adventitious root initiation (9) as well as ethylene production (18) in many plant tissues. However, the role of ethylene in root initiation is still unclear. Inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or ethylene action have been used as a means of separating the auxin and ethylene effects on root ini- tiation. Robbins et al. (13), using mung bean cuttings, have reported a reduction in root initiation with the application of AVG, a potent inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. In a later report, Robbins et al. (14) treated mung bean cuttings in a re- circulating solution system with the ethylene action inhibitors STS or NDE. They observed no effect on the mean number of roots per cutting due to a silver pretreatment, but observed a significant decrease in root initiation using NDE. Linkins et al. (11) eliminated rooting in 1H-indoleacetic acid-treated bean pe- tiole explants by scrubbing the atmospheric ethylene from assay vessels using mercuric perchlorate. In contrast, Coleman et al. (4), using cultured tomato leaf disks, observed an enhancement in rooting due to either silver nitrate in the medium or mercuric perchlorate in the vessel. Batten and Mullins (2), however, showed that neither the inhibition of ethylene action with high CO 2 nor the hypobaric removal of ethylene had an effect on rooting in etiolated mung bean cuttings. In a previous study, debladed petioles from juvenile phase leaves of English ivy were shown to respond to auxin by form- ing adventitious roots, while mature-phase petioles respond to auxin over a wide concentration range by forming callus only (5). Geneve et al. (6) have also shown a significant difference


ABSTRACT The diffraction of planar ion–acoustic waves, both linear and nonlinear by a single rectangular aperture has been investigated. The results of an experiment conducted in a double plasma device have been compared with the predictions of an application of the fluid equations and Poisson's equation to the antenna–in–a–plasma problem, solved in closed form for the far field. It is found that linear Ion–acoustic waves are diffracted by rectangular apertures qualitatively the same as any other longitudinal or transverse wave Nonlinear waves exhibit less propensity to diffract and have a tendency to localize.


In an expanded online version of Analyst Agenda, Christopher Wright explains why regulatory reform for credit rating agencies could misfire. The shorter print version of the article is also available for download in PDF format. The companion to this article, "Run, Big Three, Run: Is increased competition right therapy for ailing CRAs?," can also be found online under May/June 2009.


CA new method of Chinese patent medicine pattern recognition based on Neural Network and prescriptions Expert System is presented. In this method, first, chromatogram experiments are done on a prescriptions preparation at uniform condition and then, peak separation of each group is separated and analyzed. Some possible traditional Chinese medicines are recognized over the use of fuzzy neural network. Prescriptions Expert System proposes the most possible medicinal herbs needed to be further recognized on the basis of the recognized medicinal herbs set and credibility of the possible medicinal herbs outputted by fuzzy neural network. Chromatogram experiments on the basis of specificity of are done on the most possible medicinal herbs in order to verify whether the possible medicinal herbs are the expected ones according to specificity index, the proportion of the medicinal herbs in this prescription can be calculated simultaneously. By circulating above-mentioned method, all the assembled medicinal herbs and their proportions in compounded medicinal herbs can be recognized and consequently prescriptions are recognized. The efficiency and accuracy of this method is verified by actual compound preparation testing. Furthermore, the method is shown to be able to provide a new approach to analysis of compound prescriptions.


The application of report plays an essential role in the construction of enterprise informationization.This paper presents the relevant knowledge of reporting engine named JasperReport and IReport,analyzing the workflow of JasperReport.Java open source reporting engine named JasperReport and IReport are used to J2EE platform.The report is generated,previewed and printed on the Web,which has been a good application in public health system of Luliang.


In this paper, we present a new entanglement monotone for bipartite quantum states. Its definition is inspired by the so-called intrinsic information of classical cryptography and is given by the halved minimum quantum conditional mutual information over all tripartite state extensions. We derive certain properties of the new measure which we call "squashed entanglement": it is a lower bound on entanglement of formation and an upper bound on distillable entanglement. Furthermore, it is convex, additive on tensor products, and superadditive in general. Continuity in the state is the only property of our entanglement measure which we cannot provide a proof for. We present some evidence, however, that our quantity has this property, the strongest indication being a conjectured Fannes-type inequality for the conditional von Neumann entropy. This inequality is proved in the classical case.


We have developed CMOS based image sensing devices that can be implanted in a mouse deep brain to monitor the neural activities of a freely-moving mouse. Transgenic mice that express GFP (green fluorescence protein) in the midbrain DA (dopamine) neurons under the control of the rat TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) gene promoter, was used for the experiments. The fluorescence was measured through GFP which acts as the sensor for DA and successfully demonstrated that the implanted device can be used for monitoring the neural activities in long term. Also the next generation sensor which realizes more stable operation in the mouse brain is presented.


Study was carried out to investigate population dynamics and impact of abiotic factors (Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on traps catches of apple codling moth (Cydia pomonella) at Matta Swat in a single unmanaged orchard during the year 2012-13. The results of the field study revealed that the incidence of C. pomonella gradually showed increase in the 20 Standard Meteorological Week (SMW) where it reached to 7.00 and 3.00 moth/trap respectively in both years of studies. Afterwards, mean population of C. pomonella reached to its highest number of adults during the 25 SMW (11.25 moths/trap) in the year 2012 and 15.75 moths/trap in the 26 SMW in the 2013. Then the mean population fluctuation of C. pomonella gradually showed decline and reached to 7.00 and 8.00 moths/ trap in both years in 29 SMW. After sharp rise and fall in the population again reached to its maximum level (12.00 and 13.00 moths/trap) in the 31 and 32 SMW in the year 2012 and 2013 respectively. The lowest mean population of C. pomonella was recorded in the 38 SMW and 39 SMW (0.25 and 0.00 moths/ trap) respectively in both the years of studies. The correlation matrix between C. pomonella and weather parameters revealed that mean maximum temperature (r = 0.79 and 0.79) and mean minimum temperature (r = 0.44 and 0.42) exhibited a highly significant (p<0.01) positive association with C. pomonella population build up. Similarly mean Relative Humidity at morning also showed statistically significant (p<0.05) negative relation (r = -0.46) with C. pomonella population during the year 2012 and non-significant negative association (r = -0.28) with C. pomonella population during the year 2013. Statistically significant (p<0.05) negative association were recorded for the C. pomonella population with mean relative humidity at evening(r = -0.42) during the year 2012 and non-significant negative relation was recorded for the relative humidity at evening (r = -0.24) in the second year while total rainfall showed non-significant negative relationship ( r = -0.00 and -0.22) with C. pomonella population during both the years at Matta Swat. Regression analysis explained 68-82% (R) variability due to meteorological parameters in the population dynamics of C. pomonella at Matta Swat.


Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) during orthopedic surgery is obligatory element of perioperative period. The aim of study was to select the optimal dose regimen for new national anticoagulant Tiarexaban (minimal risk of bleeding), assessment of its effectiveness and safety for prevention of VTEC in patients undergoing knee replacement in comparison with standard Еnoxaparin therapy. Tiarexaban is safe at daily dose of 100 mg; its effectiveness is significantly non-inferior to anticoagulant Еnoxaparin — worldwide reference standard for VTEC prophylaxis at large joints replacement.


Abstract In this paper, near zero parameter based metamaterial superstrate is presented for mutual coupling reduction in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The proposed design offers a peak isolation of 38 dB with edge-separation of 0.042λ0 at resonating frequency. To verify the simulations results, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and experimentally measured. The two elements MIMO is designed with measured impedance bandwidth of 5.6 to 5.95 GHz with a peak measured gain of 7.4 dBi and efficiency above 95 %.The measurement established an isolation enhancement of 30 dB with minimum correlation coefficient of 0.05 within operating band. The proposed method offers a good design technique for high gain and closely packed MIMO antenna system for WLAN applications.


SAGEEP2018 (Nashville, Tennessee) provided a unique venue for the Outdoor Equipment Demonstrations (OED): The Hermitage‒home of President Andrew Jackson. Several equipment vendors took advantage of being at a historical site and surveyed a possible slave cemetery, Alfred's Cabin, SAGEEP OED area, and the stables. Initial results identify anomalies of interest.


The utility model discloses a motor bracket for an outdoor unit of an air conditioner. The motor bracket comprises a top plate and a lateral plate connected therewith, wherein an upper folded edge is formed when the end part at one end of the top plate upwards extends. In the motor bracket for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, since the upper folded edge formed when one end of the top plate upwards extends at a certain distance has a farther distance with a top cover plate mounted above the air conditioner, the top cover plate does not collide with the motor bracket when subjected to the external force, and the deformation is further avoided. The motor bracket for the outdoor unit of the air conditioner has the advantages of convenient use, and can reduce the material use, thereby saving the manufacturing cost.


The agronomy characters of three continued generations of Rumex patientia×R.tianschanicus cv.Rumex K-1 were studied.The results indicate that there were seldom significant differences in the growth period, morphological characters,forage yield and seed yield among the three generations of Rumex K-1 and the inheritance of those agronomy characters is stable.Significant correlations between seed yield and both branch amount and branch amount of main inflorescence were detected which provides basis for the improvement of seed yield.


Managers in organizations, at all levels of management, are responsible for determining the true capabilities of employees. Modern managers are proactive and represent so-called transformational leaders. Thanks to the qualities and skills, a transformational leader may be able to select the right people, ie "workers" for the right jobs, determining their abilities and adequate motivation. The subject of the research in the paper presents new leadership tendencies that modern managers have in terms of human resource coordination. The paper aims to identify, based on the analysis of relevant literature and the results of some of the significant practical research conducted, specific management-coordination activities which depend on national and business culture. The authors will compare the management activities in Japan, America and Serbia – the last of which is taken as a small country that significantly differs from Japan and America in its characteristics.


Pattern recognition/classification is increasingly drawing the attention of scientific research because of its important roll in automation and human-machine communication. Even though many models have been introduced to deal with classification, because of the inherited imprecision and ambiguity, these models did not tackle the problem in an efficient way. Traditional models deal only with statistical uncertainty (randomness) but not with the non-statistical uncertainty (vagueness). Fuzzy set theory allows us to better understand imprecision in both of its categories: vagueness and randomness. The incorporation of fiazzy set theory in existing algorithms helped in many cases to improve the performance and increase the efficiency of those algorithms. This thesis will explore fuzzy logic as it pertains to pattern recognition. In order to demonstrate fuzzy logic, the problem of recognizing the Arabic alphabet is discussed. In this problem moments and central moments were used as discriminating features. A fuzzy classifier was designed in a way that incorporated some statistical knowledge of the problem in hand. Performance of this classifier was compared to a Bayesian classifier and a neural network classifier. Performance, evaluation, and advantages and disadvantages of each classifier is reported and discussed.


Aim To observe the protective effects of two flavone morphons on hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injury in myocardial cells and explore the mechanisms.Methods The hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was developed. The cell morphology,the spontaneous beating,the survival rate,the content of LDH,NOS,T-SOD,MDA and the activity of Na+,K+-ATP,Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP enzyme were determined in the cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes injuried by H/R.Results Compared with the model,preconditioning by two flavone morphons enhanced the spontaneous beating and the survival rate. Meanwhile,it increased the activity of T-SOD,Na+,K+-ATP,Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP enzyme and decreased the release of LDH,NOS,MDA(P0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion The two flavone morphons have good effects on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes,which is related with scavenging free radicals,inhibiting Ca2+-overloading.


Despite much investment and effort in technology transfer as a primary means of improving occupational safety and health (OSH) performance in South African mines, sustained progress toward zero harm has been unsatisfactory. In 2005, a South Africa Chamber of Mines task force called for developing an approach – appropriate to the South Africa mining context – that could be used to facilitate sustained improvement of OSH performance. The first step was to understand aids and barriers to accomplishing improvement. We used a mental models research method to elicit mining managers beliefs and underlying rational about aids and barriers to OSH performance improvement through introduction of new technology and leading practice. This involved creating an expert model – an influence diagram showing factors industry leaders believe affect performance improvement; conducting in-depth, mental models interviews with 31 managers with various OSH responsibilities in six companies representing gold, platinum and coal-mining sectors; and, coding interviews against the expert model. While industry leaders focused on technology transfer issues, interview results identified the importance of leadership behaviour as a primary aid to OSH improvement. Our key finding is that it is about adoption, not technology transfer. Successful adoption of leading practices is dependent on leadership behaviour, commitment and communication to facilitate eager adoption of technology and leading practice, rather than to facilitate reluctant acceptance of imposed technology transfer. These findings and other research inputs were used to create a unique and pioneering Adoption System initiative currently producing significant improvements in OSH performance in South African mining.