The occurrence of birefringent colloid deposits was studied in serial histological sections of brains from 16 microtines ( Lemmas trimucronatus, Synaptomys borealis, Phenacomys intermedins and Microtus pennsylvanicus) and in gelatin-embedded frozen sections of brains from 17 Dicrostonyx groen-landicus, all fixed at capture at Churchill, Manitoba. Serial sections of the brains from 16 captive Dicrostonyx groenlandicus were studied also. Whereas 12 of the 16 captive Dicrostonyx showed birefringent brain deposits, only one (a Phenacomys) of the field-fixed specimens did. Possible explanations are discussed and it is concluded that additional evidence is needed for substantial proof of occurrence of this neuropathology when lemmings and voles are in their natural environment. Birefringence was found to be a more reliable diagnostic aid than histochemical or other staining techniques. the biochemical nature and possible vascular and systemic metabolic origins of the brain deposits should be investigated further.


Writing ability is an important part of comprehensive English ability, and it is the key to promoting students' English literacy. Effective writing feedback can help learners improve their motivation of English learning and quality of writing. Based on the theory of noticing hypothesis theory, output hypothesis theory and process writing method, this study analyzes the impact of AWE feedback and model essay feedback on the English writing quality of high school students form the macro and micro level, that is, students' English writing scores and the accuracy, fluency and complexity of their written texts. After the investigation, it was found that the AWE feedback could effectively improve the accuracy of students' writing texts, while the model essay feedback had a significant effect on students' writing fluency and complexity. It can be seen that different feedback methods have complex effects on text quality. Compared with AWE feedback, model essay feedback can promote the text quality in more dimensions.


MEMS fabrication faces multiple technological challenges before it can become a commercially viable technology. One key fabrication process required is the deep silicon etching for forming high aspect ratio structures. There is an increasing interest in the use of dry plasma etching for this application because of its anisotropic (i.e. independent of silicon crystal orientation) etching behavior, high etch rate, and its compatibility with traditional IC processing. Alcatel has developed a patented inductively coupled high density plasma source which delivers high etch rate, uniform, anisotropic silicon etching to depths as deep as 500 micrometers . This plasma source has been used for fabricating devices such as accelerometers, yaw rate sensors etc. Etch process performance data on some of these devices will be presented. Thus the Alcatel deep etching system provides the enabling technology requires for deep silicon micromachining of microsensors.


Wind power is the most widely used as new energy generation method, it is of great significance to manage the atmospheric haze, adjust the energy structure and transform the mode of economic development. Permanent magnet direct-drive type fan as the new generation of wind power generation system, and the traditional asynchronous and doubly-fed fan has different features, which has good stability, high efficiency and controllable active power and reactive power has higher rate in real wind farm, with the increasing number and size of the grid wind farms, and its impact on the system become important factors that affect the power system stable operation .A static analysis of flow calculation method based on the direct-drive wind farm cause power system voltage instability, and use Matlab/simulink simulation software research wind farm with grid three-phase short circuit occurs and in the large wind disturbance that the transient voltage stability of the grid. The results provide important theoretical for the safe and stable operation of the wind farm.


Vibration of the automotive engine has the characteristics of wide frequency band, multi-vibration sources and multi-main frequencies. Limited capability of passive mounting systems can be provided for engine vibration isolation. A MR semiactive mounting system for automotive engines is investigated in this paper. The dynamic model of the vertical vibration isolation system for the engine and an efficient damping control model of the MR mount are established. The frequency characteristics of the engine vibration are analyzed. The fuzzy control algorithm for the MR mounting system is designed, and the isolation performance of the MR mounting system is analyzed based on the developed experimental setup in Hefei University of Technology.


In order to develop new structure parallel robots and overcome shortcomings of small work space,complicated singularity and forward solution,parallel robot was classed into three types: rigid-link parallel manipulator,wire-driven parallel manipulator and steel band parallel manipulator according to the scalable chain structure.The kinematics principles of the three types of parallel manipulators were introduced.The development of the position analysis,workspace analysis and singularity analysis about those three kinds of parallel manipulators were described in detail.For the special characteristics of structure and driving mode of steel band parallel robot,the problems of instability caused by limited support force of steel band parallel robot in motion were discussed.The results show that research theories and methods of kinematics and singularity of parallel robot are not mature.When the structure and theory of parallel robot have been broken through,the key problems of kinematics and singularity can be resolved,and the application field can be broadened.


Security related data in cyberspace is multi-source and heterogeneous, so it cannot be effectively used in network security analysis. To solve this problem, a network security ontology model for network node security analysis is proposed. The model reflects the security status of network nodes through three key sub domains: network assets, security information, defense strategy, and modeling concepts and relationships in a hierarchical and structured form. Ontology related language is used for query, and user-defined rules are used to enhance the reasoning ability of ontology, so as to assist network security analysis. Experiments and quality evaluation results show that the ontology model can integrate multi-source data, query and reason the network security status, and has higher quality evaluation than the same type of ontology.


On the basis of analysis of direct and alternating current auxiliary machines the authors have considered criteria of selection of technological equipment for an inspection bench. The inspection bench is designed for carrying out acceptance tests of auxiliary electrical machines used in electric motive power by a back-to-back method with the maximum use of its technical feasibility.


Ensuring reliability when calculating the reliability and service life of structures with possible or detected defects is an urgent problem which requires solution. This is indicated by the large number of cases of sudden failure of important structures, many of which have been calculated in complete agreement with the existing standard documents. The need for these calculations arises in both the design of welded structures, in which the concentration of stresses and defects in welded joints is unavoidable, and in reference calculations. The latter make it possible to propose a solution as to the possibility of further service and the necessity for repair or replacement of a structure on the basis of the results of nondestructive inspection or after completion of the planned service life. At present, the most developed and reliable methods are those of calculating structures produced from a ductile material with a low stress concentration, and also structures with residual stress concentrators in the brittle condition of the material (at low temperatures, the presence of quenched structures, etc) or in multicycle alternating loading. In the first case, investigations are carried out using the facilities of classic mechanics of materials, in the second case the facilities of linear fracture mechanics (LFM). The most complicated calculations are those measuring failure of material in the ductile condition with the limited ductility resulting from a cracklike defect, in a multiaxial stress state, under non isothermal loading, and also low-cycle fatigue failure. The solution of these problems requires work in the following directions:


This paper is the second part of a broad research on private fixed investment in Costa Rica. Few attempts have been made to investigate the determinants of private investment in Costa Rica. Using annual data for the period 1966-1994, it is estimated that investment was positively correlated to some economic activity indicators and to government investment (especially investment in infrastructure) and negatively correlated to credit extended to the public sector as a proxy to crowding out effects and to indicators of economic instability. The main message of this paper is that monetary and fiscal policies that pursue macroeconomic stability could have positive impact on private investment by reducing uncertainty and crowding out. This is so if measures aimed at restricting the budget deficit do not lower government investment for the negative effects on private investment and growth, given the complementarity between government and private infrastructure investment.


A Quasi Experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress among school teachers in selected private higher secondary
schools at Pudukkottai was undertaken by Ms. A. Kanaga Jothi in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at Karpaga Vinayaga college of nursing affiliated under Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai, October 2015 OBJECTIVES To assess the pretest level of stress among private higher secondary school teachers before demonstrating progressive muscle relaxation technique in experimental group and control group. To assess the post test level of stress among private higher secondary school teachers after demonstrating progressive muscle relaxation technique in experimental and control group. To evaluate the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique among private higher secondary school teachers in experimental group. To find out the association between the post test level of stress among private higher secondary school teachers with their selected demographic variables in experimental group. Conceptual framework : Kenny's Open System Model Research design : Quasi Experimental, Non Randomized control group Design (pre test post test control group design) E O1 X O2 C O1 O2 Population : Private higher secondary school teachers, aged between 21-40 years
Sample size : 60 sample, 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group Sampling : Non Probability


Many works in ancient Chinese literature(from Pre-Qin to the modern times),ranging in genre from pomes,Ci,Qu,Fu,prose,and novels,made descriptions of the sports and games people engaged in.The types of sports and games mentioned include ball games and Jirang,the game of throwing stuffs into the pot and horsing racing,archery,fencing,Jiao Di,sumo,Martial art,swimming,racing,long-jump,tug of war,skiing,fishing,the I-go,shuttlecock kicking and flying kite.These literature works not only showed vivid pictures of sports activities in different periods,thoughts,emotions and the spiritual states of the participants and the audiences,but also embodied the cultural connotations and the basic spirits of Chinese traditional sports.From these works,professionals in the sports field and sports enthusiasts can get to know the history of Chinese traditional sports and gain better understanding of the cultural connotations of the Chinese traditional sports.


Carotenoid meso-zeaxanthin ((3R, 3′S)-β, β-carotene-3,3′-diol [MZ]) was evaluated for its protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of MZ was started 5 days prior to cisplatin (16 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally as a single dose) injection. Animals in all groups were killed 72 h after cisplatin treatment. In serum, renal function markers like urea and creatinine, which were drastically elevated in cisplatin-treated control animals, were found to be decreased significantly by MZ pretreatment. Cisplatin-induced myelosuppression was also found to be significantly ameliorated by MZ as evident from the increase in white blood cell count, bone marrow cellularity and number of maturing monocytes in MZ-treated animals when compared with cisplatin alone-treated control animals. The levels of antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase—as well as the glutathione level in the kidney were decreased after cisplatin treatment. But the levels were markedly increased by the carotenoid treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of MZ was found to inhibit singlet oxygen produced by toluidine blue in vitro. Moreover, administration of MZ to the animals inhibited increased lipid peroxidation, conjugated dienes and hydroperoxides that are formed in the kidney by cisplatin administration. The results of histopathological analysis supported the protective potential of MZ against cisplatin-induced toxicity.


Cardinal Desire-Joseph Mercier (1851-1926), Archbishop of Malines, was convinced that both the Anglican and Russian Orthodox Churches had major roles to play in rebuilding Christian unity. He therefore took the courageous step, on the one hand, of sponsoring and presiding at the Malines Conversations with Anglican theologians. After the October Revolution in Russia and the civil war that followed, he did not hesitate generously to help the Russian refugees who began to arrive in Belgium. Mercier's attitude toward the Orthodox Russians whom he helped was disinterested and non-confessional, which earned him considerable gratitude on the part of numerous Russian exiles. The author goes on to describe the development of the Russian community in Belgium. To earn their living, many highly qualified individuals had to accept humble positions requiring no training at all. Russian emigres, particularly those in Belgium, did their best to maintain their cultural identity, and they took a keen interest in efforts to end the Bolshevik regime in their native land. During the Second World War, many of them, such as Paul Gaidovsky-Potapovitch, helped Soviet prisoners of war to escape. Moreover, from the 1930's, Wrangel's military movement, the DruŽina, trained many young Russian exiles in Belgium. Some of the DruŽina members were later to take part in the Spanish Civil War, on the side of Franco, or in the German offensive against the Soviet Union. The Russian exiles founded a number of Russian Orthodox parishes in various Belgian cities.


Transportation systems require communication network for achieving safe traffic and efficient transportation. As a result, vehicles become exposed to either internal or external attacks. Various behavior-based methods were proposed to protect vehicular networks against internal attacks. In this paper, we propose two behavior-based models that apply different methods which are weighted-sum and fuzzy logic. We conduct various experiments using different communication and behavioral scenarios. In addition, we analyse the results to measure the performance of both methods. Simulation results show that weighted-sum method outperforms fuzzy logic in vehicular networks. A comparison result presents that the detection rate improves for weighted-sum method with almost all scenarios. Indeed, the detection rate for scenario B.1, when there is no direct communication with malicious node, is improved by at least 27%.


Spontaneous lymphoid malignancies have rarely been observed in nonhuman primates. To date, only 3 lymphatic leukemia*, 2 lymphomas, and 1 lymphogranuloma have been retried in Old World monkeys, with Cercopithecoid species accounting for half of the cases (3, 5).


Background: One important aspect of the development process is gross motor development, namely body movements using large muscles. Gross motor skills are the ability to move various parts of the body that involve the activity of the large muscles on command and regulate body movements against various influences from outside and from within the body. Interviews conducted by researchers with 10 mothers who had children aged 1-3 years found seven mothers who said they did not provide stimulation to their children, such as not inviting their children to play because they had to work, not teaching children how to stand or learn to walk according to the child's age.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the description of gross motor skills in toddlers (1-3 years old) in the Working Area of the Tabanan III Health Center.
Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study using a cross-sectional approach. Respondents were selected based on purposive sampling, namely all mothers who had children aged 1-3 years at the Posyandu, Tabanan III Health Center, as many as 83 people using an observation sheet.
Results: This study shows that the description of gross motor skills development in the Posyandu Work Area of the Tabanan III Health Center is in the normal category as many as 57 respondents (68.7%) while those in the abnormal category are as many as 26 respondents (31.3%). It was also found that most of the mothers were >30 years old, most of the mothers had graduate education, and most of the children were male.
Conclusion: Gross motor development skills in toddlers (age 1-3 years) in the Posyandu Working Area of the Tabanan III Health Center are in the normal category


The dopamine transporter plays an important role in the molecular mechanism of cocaine dependence. It is suggested that inhibitors of the dopamine transporter would have strong therapeutic potential. Here we report that aromatic modification can constrain a linear peptide into the beta-turn conformation, which is preferred by the dopamine transporter. On the basis of this finding, a novel selective and competitive peptidic inhibitor of the dopamine transporter was developed. The peptide binds to the dopamine- and cocaine-binding site of the dopamine transporter and has behavioral effects different from those of cocaine in mice.


Today, toxic rare earth metal ions contamination and huge volume of waster acrylic fibers (WAFs) have caused serious environmental problems, which make the development and implement of feasible and sustainable methods to recycle the wastes become a task of high practical significance. Herein, we propose for the first time that using WAFs as poly(amino-phosphonic acid) (PAPA) precursor to functionalize graphene oxide (GO) based on the excellent chelating ability of PAPA and remarkable properties of GO. In this study, four novel PAPA modified magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) composites (PAMGOs) with different PAPA concentrations (PAMGO-1, PMGO-2, PAMGO-3, and PAMGO-4) were fabricated by a facile one-pot sequential reaction method, and used as adsorbent for capturing Gd(III) from aqueous solutions. The prepared materials were characterized by various technologies. Batch adsorption results demonstrate that Gd(III) capture is rely upon the content of PAPA grafted onto MGO and the pH of solution. In addition, PAMG...


Taking recent publications into account, one should consider avoiding routine use of hydroxychloroquine, especially if combined with azithromycin, for COVID-19. Such treatment may be associated with the increased risk for hospital mortality and QT prolongation, while there is no documented effectiveness regarding SARS-CoV-2 clearance and outcomes. This treatment may be considered in individual cases, provided potential benefit and risks are carefully weighted, and safety monitoring is enhanced. Hydroxychloroquine safety in outpatients with COVID-19 is poorly studied and risks are increased by challenges in monitoring QT and electrolytes, hence hydroxychloroquine cannot be considered as first line treatment in outpatient settings. Such use of hydroxychloroquine is not recommended if clinical, instrumental, and laboratory monitoring are not in place.


Simeon Warner will introduce the project and examine some use cases; Jon Corson-Rikert will briefly discuss ontologies; Lynette Rayle will demo UC1.1 and discuss ORE, scraping, and lookups; Rebecca Younes will discuss UC2, mass conversion, post-processing, entities, and cross-site search; Steven Folsom will discuss BIBFRAME for LD4L; Chiat Naun Chew will give a brief preview of LD4P;


The tracking algorithm based on mean shift is incapable of adapting to the target rotation and size changing well.A new tracking algorithm based on block color histogram and mean shift was proposed.A target scale and rotation matrix was imported into the algorithm and made the algorithm be able to adapt to target rotation and scaling.The robustness and adaptability of the tracking algorithm was improved since the block color histogram included the spatial information of target.Experimental results show that the new algorithm is able to adapt to object rotation and scaling simultaneously and more practical than the original algorithm.


Ivermectin used to treat billions of livestock and pets around the world. Ivermectin was the world's first endectocide, forerunner of a completely new class of antiparasitic agents, potently active against a wide range of internal and external nematodes and arthropods. It is a semisynthetic derivative of avermectin B1and consists of an 80:20 mixture of the equipotent homologous 22, 23 dehydro B1a and B1b. This antiparasitic agent, developed by Merck & Co., is frequently used in veterinary medicine, due to its broad spectrum of activity, high efficacy and wide margin of safety (Fisher et al., 1989). It is a highly lipophilic substance that dissolves in most Organic solvents, but is practically insoluble in water (0.0004% m/v). Ivermectin was first marketed in 1981 by Merck Sharp and Dohme as an antiparasitic agent (Steel, 1993), and it remains the leading worldwide antiparasitic agent for livestock.


This textbook introduces readers to the basics of soil science, including: the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils; soil formation, classification, and global distribution; soil health, soils and humanity, and sustainable land management.


Process for preparing acid chlorides 5-fluoro-1-alkyl-3-fluoroalkyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid of formula (I), Formula ** ** wherein R1 represents C1-C6 and R2 represents CF2H, characterized in that 5-chloro-1-alkyl-3- fluoroalkyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde of formula (II) is transformed, ** ** formula wherein R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated above, first (step 1 ) with a fluorinating agent of formula (III), M + F- (III) wherein M + represents Li +, Na +, K +, Cs + or Alk4N + (where Alk represents C1-C4) and, optionally, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to 5-fluoro-1-alkyl-3-fluoroalkyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbaldehyde of formula (IV), formula ** ** in which R1 and R2 have the abovementioned meanings, and then the compounds of formula (IV) are converted into the acid chlorides of formula (I) by reaction with a chlorinating agent (step 2).


Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has high morbidity and mortality. The interaction between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor micro-environment is an important factor affecting the tumor progression and prognosis of HNSCC patients. More biomarkers and targets need to be explored to improve patient outcomes. The m6A modification on enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) is associated with the signature of active enhancer, and the function of m6A driving eRNAs in tumor progression has not been reported. In this study, we screened and identified a risk model containing 5 m6A-related eRNA, which can better predict the survival and immunotherapy outcome of patients. The role of m6A-related eRNA in HNSCC cells was verified in vitro. We also combined the risk score and multiple clinical features to construct a nomogram for predicting OS of HNSCC patients, which provides an effective quantitative analysis tool for guiding the personalized precise treatment for patients. Abstract At present, the prognostic value of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still remains unclear. Our study aims to explore the prognostic value of m6A-related eRNAs in HNSCC patients and their potential significance in immune infiltration and immunotherapy. We constructed a 5 m6A-related eRNAs risk model from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC dataset, using univariate and multivariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Based on the SRAMP website and in vitro experiments, it was verified that these 5 m6A-related eRNAs had m6A sites, the expression of which was regulated by corresponding m6A regulators. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram base on 5 m6A-related eRNAs and confirmed the consistency and robustness of an internal TCGA testing set. Further analysis found that the risk score was positively associated with low overall survival (OS), tumor cell metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, low immune surveillance, lower expression of immune-related genes, and higher expression of targeted genes. Finally, we verified that silencing MIR4435-2HG inhibited HNSCC cell migration and invasion. This study contributes to the understanding of the characteristics of m6A-related eRNAs in HNSCC and provides a reference for effective immunotherapy and targeted therapy.


The goal of this chapter is to argue that the complex nature of shame, and its responsiveness to the moral views of others, is precisely what makes shame a good catalyst for moral development. Shame's connection to honor, reputation, and praise often leads modern authors to consider it as a morally dubious emotion: heteronomous, superficial, and possibly rooted on the unchecked questionable customs of a stratified society. This chapter is devoted show that the interpretation of shame as a superficial concern with reputation or external recognition comes about as a result of overlooking the connections that Aristotle makes between love of honor and love of the noble. For Aristotle, shame's connection to honor, reputation, and praise, far from making it an heteronomous and superficial emotion, is what makes it the emotion that puts us in the path towards true autonomy and virtue.


The present invention cross-section of the changeover system, without incurring the complication of the configuration, the article is a problem that the conveying car is provided in the cross can be smoothly passed through the cross-section conversion equipment. According to the invention, the product transport car (3), the pressing operation portion 47 can press the a guide rotation rail 42 according to the entering operation of the article carrying car (3) of the cross part is provided, a guide rotating rail 42 rotates and link means (48) for the rotary connection of the running rotation rail (44) is provided, by the pressing operation portion 47 and the connection means 48, not to a guide rotation rail 42 of the a first switching state, and a guide while positioning a rotation rail 42 in a guide second position, driving the rotation for that while located in the information a first position, located in the first position for driving in the driving rotation rail 44 for It characterized in that it is configured to be able to switch the rail 44 to the second switching state for positioning in a second position for driving.


Temporally extended goals (TEGs) refer to properties that must hold over intermediate and/or final states of a plan. The main strategy for planning with TEGs is to prune the search space during planning via goal progression. Currently, planners for TEGs prune the search space using heuristic search. In this paper we propose a method for planning with propositional TEGs using heuristic search. To this end, we translate an instance of a planning problem with TEGs into an equivalent classical planning problem. With this translation in hand, we exploit heuristic search to determine a plan. Our translation is based on the construction of a nondeterministic finite automaton for the TEG. We propose two alternative translations: the first uses only ADL operators, and the second (more efficient) uses derived predicates. We prove the correctness of our algorithm and analyze the complexity of the resulting representation. The translator is fully implemented and available. Our approach consistently outperforms existing approaches to planning with TEGs, often by orders of magnitude.


Correct identification of the culprit lesion in NSTEMI is essential, in particular for patients in whom a culprit-only strategy is attractive (e.g., elderly and frail patients). However, when identifying the culprit lesion in NSTEMI, angiography can be ambiguous and correct culprit identification can therefore be challenging when based on angiography, ECG- and echocardiographic changes alone (standard-of-care). In fact, this challenge remains unresolved and is a continuous limitation in guidelines and in the few clinical trials investigating the revascularization strategy in NSTEMI.

 We aimed to investigate the agreement between angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in identifying the culprit lesion in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

 In two centres we prospectively enrolled 104 patients. CMR was performed prior to angiography. Operators, blinded to CMR, identified a culprit lesion based on angiography and standard-of-care. OCT was subsequently performed on operator-suspected culprit lesions and stenoses ≥50% diameter. CMR and OCT were reviewed blinded to angiographic culprit identification. Myocardial oedema on CMR was considered the reference standard for a culprit. In the absence of oedema, OCT was used. In case of multiple suspected OCT-lesions, hierarchical criteria for culprit identification were used: acute thrombus > plaque rupture with a cavity > organising thrombus > dissection > calcific nodule.

 The majority of included patients were male (75%) at a mean 63 years of age. Obstructive disease was observed in 85 (82%) patients, of which 53 (51%) had multivessel disease. On a patient-level, angiography identified a culprit lesion in 90 (87%) patients, of which CMR/OCT only identified a culprit in 74 (82%) patients. This constituted a moderate overall positive predictive value of angiography, which was found inferior to CMR/OCT in identifying the culprit lesion. On a lesion-level, CMR/OCT identified a different culprit lesion than angiography in 12 (16%) patients. Of these, only one patient did not receive revascularization of the true culprit lesion. Moreover, in the 14 patients without an angiographic culprit, CMR/OCT identified a culprit in 7 (50%) patients. Thus, angiography including standard-of-care falsely identified the culprit lesion in overall 35 (34%) patients: 7 false negatives, 16 false positive at patient-level, and 12 misclassified angiographic culprits on lesion-level (Figure 1). Specifically, OCT identified 13% misclassified culprit lesions in proximal segments, and provided an added diagnostic value.

 Angiography misclassified the culprit lesion in one in three patients with NSTEMI with respect to both presence and location. OCT complemented angiography in ambiguous cases which underscores the value of OCT in aiding treatment and diagnosis in NSTEMI.

 Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Research Grant at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DenmarkNovo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark


Background: Previous evidence indicates that older people allocate more of their attentional resources toward their gait and that the attention-related changes that occur during aging increase the risk of falls. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Banna District and Ongkarak District, Nakornnayok Province, Thailand. One hundred elderly people participated in this study. Gait was assessed by a Time Up and Go Test (TUGT) while the One legged stance test (OLST) assessed balance performance. The Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) measured fear of falling of the elderly people. A WHOQOL-BREF instrument assessed the quality of Life among elderly people. Results: The findings revealed that 58% of the participants were female, aged between 60-74 years (mean = 66.39, SD 3.65). Over a 12 month period, 57% of participants had experienced a fall once, 41% had experienced 2 falls while 2% had experienced 3 or more falls. One-third of the elderly people who participated in the study had a fear of falling. Almost all of the elderly participants (76%) had a moderate fall risk perception score. The mean score of total quality of life was moderate (80.43). Conclusion: Study concluded that the elderly people face a valid risk of falling based on prevalent risk factors that results in a fear of falling. An assessment of fall risk factors are important in establishing a fall prevention program for the elderly faced with fall risk factor from fear of falling and. Assessment fall risk factors are important to provide the suitable falls prevention program for the elderly.


Student desertion due to academic performance is understood as the interruption that a student makes voluntarily or by warning of his academic continuity by not achieving an acceptable accumulated average that keeps him active within his curriculum. The objective of this research was to develop a software that allows from the extraction of the data to the prediction of the academic performance of the students of the systems engineering program of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocana, Colombia, in order to create strategies to reduce student dropout rates within the career. The methodology used was qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The life cycle in the development of the software whose name is Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocana, Colombia, desertion was followed with the merger between open up and the knowledge extraction process. The type of learning used was supervised, obtaining that the highest percentage of correctly classified instances was achieved with algorithm randomizable filtered classifiers as well as J48 with a percentage of 92.6307% and 79.3185%, respectively. In addition, this software is applicable for any area in science and academia, since they worked with standard variables of which, the attributes with the highest incidence in low academic performance are, student status, academic sanction, the assessment of the proof of status, age, gender, social status and place of origin.


I n the early moming Bangkok's street vendors perch on the sidewalk's edge, selling pork shish kebabs and fried bananas. The passing buses in this city of 5 million people are crowded with riders on their way to work, school or market. Our three-wheeled tuk tuk, an openair taxi named for its distinctive sound, crawled along the noisy street. Across the road a pharmacist pulled back the iron gate from his storefront, signalling that he was open for business. You do not see any pharmacies in the hills of northern Thai-


Improving rural roads has been widely believed essential for offering all-season accessibility and improving peoples' mobility. Several paths to achieve this have been proposed, one of which is a change in people's travel mode ownership. This study analyzes the changes in people's modal ownership using a dataset comprising 332 samples collected in rural Cambodia, where a rural roads improvement project was completed. The descriptive analysis reveals that the growth rate for motorcycle ownership was greater than the rate for bicycles, that changes in income do not necessarily increase people's travel mode ownership, and that bi-wheeled mode ownership does not always increase travel frequency. These findings indicate that improving road conditions does not necessarily motivate people to obtain new personal travel modes or change their travel behavior, and that other factors may influence their behavior, some of which were involved by the road improvement.


We have found that pressurized carbonization cause the increase of carbon yield and the improvement of micro structure In the case of pitch resin. While the effects of pressurized carbonization on phenolic resin are not obvious. In this study, carbonization and graphitization characteristics of phenolic resin were investigated experimentally. Phenolic resin specimens with and without iron powder addition were carbonized at the temperature of 650 °C under the pressure of atmospheric or 100MPa. Then each of them was heat-treated at the temperature of 1200, 1500 and 1900 °C respectively. Measurement of yield, density, x-ray diffraction and optical observation were carried out in the experiments. It is indicated from those results that pressurized carbonization of phenolic resin makes graphite crystallization progress and this effect is promoted by addition of iron powder.


Soft sensors have been widely used to predict the quality of products in industrial hydrocracking processes. However, they are usually characterized with complex nonlinearities and multimodes. Hence, a single global model is often difficult to fully meet the requirement of prediction accuracy. In this paper, a novel fuzzy C-means cluster (FCM) based locally weighted principal component regression (LWPCR) is proposed for soft sensor modeling of an industrial hydrocracking process. First, FCM is utilized to cluster process data into different local clusters with similarity data patterns. When a query sample comes, LWPCR models are then built for accurate modeling in different modes with the most similar relevant samples. At last, the outputs of these sub models are fused to obtain a final estimation value of the query sample, in which the weights are automatically determined by the distances between the query sample and the cluster centers. The effectiveness of the presented approach is verified by predicting the 50% recovery temperature in an industrial hydrocracking process.


SummaryBlaber, S.J.M. (1990). A checklist and notes on the current status of the birds of New Georgia, Western Province, Solomon Islands. Emu 90, 205–214.A checklist of the birds of New Georgia was compiled over three years from December 1985 to August 1988. A total of 70 species were recorded. Seven habitat types were recognised: (1) primary forest, (2) secondary forest, (3) open areas, (4) villages, gardens and plantations, (5) mangroves, (6) shorelines, and (7) marine. Species observed in each of these habitats were rated as abundant, common or present. The majority of species occurred in primary forest (33 species) and secondary forest (29 species). The present species composition is compared with that recorded by the Whitney South Sea Expedition in the 1930s and by Sibley in 1945. Eight species found in the 1930s and three in 1945 were not observed in this survey but two species (Gallirallus philippensis and Aceros plicatus) were recorded for the first time on New Georgia. Changes in the species stru...


In the present era, theorists try to explain the phenomenon of peace in the world through political theories, one of which is pacifism. Anti-war pacifism is considered the most common type of pacifism, because war is one of the main issues in international diplomacy. In this study, the initial aim is to provide a general overview of pacifism and its types, including virtue pacifism, deontological pacifism, consequential pacifism, and peacemaking, in international arena and then to introduce a different notion of peace-making based on Islamic diplomacy and to argue for a type of peace-making called perpetual peace. The findings of this study show that in Islam peace does not always mean the absence of violence but rather ever-lasting peace that flourishes in the absence of oppression, injustice, corruption, and tyranny.


Language is the carrier of culture. The so-called cultural identity refers to an individual's sense of belonging to one's own culture and the cultural groups to which it belongs, and the socio-psychological process of retaining and enriching the individual culture obtained from it. This article intends to elaborate the current situation and existing problems of national culture in the teaching of foreign language specialty in colleges and universities from the perspective of cultural identity theory, explore the factors that cause students' weak ability to inherit national culture, and further propose some strategies and approaches to improve students' intercultural communication ability from the perspective of national


Background: Glucose metabolism in cancer cells produces various glycolytic metabolites, which can affect cancer progression and treatment outcome. Herein we evaluated the association of glucose transporters and enzymes involved in glucose metabolism with clinic-pathological factors and outcomes in breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC).
 Methods: We selected 7 target transporters and enzymes(GLUT1, hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase, MCT1, MCT4, IGF1RA, and IGF1RB) involved in glucose metabolism. Their tumoral expressions were scored both quantitively and qualitatively based on tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry as previously described (Pinheiro et al, 2010) and then evaluated in relationships with pretreatment clinical/pathological characteristics and treatment outcomes including findings of 18F-FDG PET/CT,pathologic complete response(pCR), and relapse in breast cancer(stage IIA-IIIC) patients who underwent anthracycline or taxane-based NAC.
 Results: Of the 236 enrolled patients, 145(61.4%), 44(18.6%), and 47(19.9%) were luminal, HER2-enriched, and TNBC subtypes. Pathologic CR was determined 50(21.2%) and 57(24.2%) relapses, 42(17.8%) distant relapses, and 28 deaths were observed during median follow-up duration of 64.0 (32.3-114.9) months. The expression rates of the target molecules were 76.0, 31.1, 42.1, 54.9, 67.9, 78.4, and 49.8% for GLUT1, hexokinase 2 (HK2), lactate dehydrogenase(LD), MCT1, MCT4, IGF1RA, and IGF1RB, respectively. Among target molecules in glucose metabolism, LD was significantly associated with pCR(OR=0.251; p-=0.016) and distant disease-free survival (HR= 2.29; P=0.019). Plus, LD expression shows a trend for a high SUVmax of primary tumor 18F-FDG PET/CT(OR=1.797 P=0.060).
 Conclusion: Tumoral expression of lactate dehydrogenase can be considered as a predictive marker for pCR to NAC and plus prognostic marker for survival in patients with breast cancer.
 Citation Format: In Hee Lee, Soo Jung Lee, Jeeyeon Lee, Ho Yong Park, Jin Hyang Jung, Nora Jee-Young Park, Ji-Young Park, Yee Soo Chae, Byeongju Kang. LDH as a surrogate marker for both pCR and survival in breast cancer patient [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2146.


In a long-awaited move, China's Food & Drug Administration (CFDA) will accept drug approval applications from the country's drug discovery firms. So far, only drug manufacturers with plants in China have been permitted to hold the marketing rights to new drugs in the country. CFDA notes that the system that has been in place in China has discouraged innovation in the pharmaceutical sector and has led to an inefficient allocation of resources. Under a three-year pilot scheme, the agency will accept applications from research firms from 10 provinces and major cities including Shanghai and Beijing. Many in the industry expect that China will not go back to the old system. These changes will not affect foreign drug firms. "China is the only place where the manufacturer owns the rights to an active pharmaceutical ingredient," says Kuo-Hsi Cheng, vice president of operations at ScinoPharm, a Taiwan-based producer of active pharmaceutical ingredients ...


In this paper, we propose a distributed topology management algorithm, named T‐Must, which orchestrates coalition formation game between camera and scalar sensor (SS) nodes, for use in wireless multimedia sensor networks. In the proposed solution, connectivity among the peer camera sensor (CS) nodes is maintained, and coverage is ensured between them. Only the scalar data are not sufficient to describe an event in a particular monitored area. In many cases, multimedia data (specifically, video data) are required to provide more precise information about the event. As the CS nodes, which sense and transmit multimedia data, are costlier than the SS nodes, the former are deployed in the monitored area in lesser numbers compared to the latter ones. In case of CS nodes, power consumption due to sensing is also significant, similar to power consumption for the transmission and reception of packets. Therefore, in this work, in order to increase the network lifetime, topology is controlled by forming coalition between the CS and SS nodes. Upon occurrence of an event, the SS nodes send scalar data to their associated CS nodes. If the scalar data received from SS nodes cross a preconfigured threshold, the associated CS node in the coalition starts sensing the event, captures the video data, and forwards the video data toward other coalitions or sink. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To evaluate the degree of tuberculous lesions of the lungs, the method has been developed for coding and quantitative assessment of chest computed tomography results (chest CT) based on the presence of the following signs in each lobe of the lung: infiltrative and/or small focal changes – +1 point, focal formations (tuberculomas) – +2 points, cavitary changes (cavities) – +4 points. If there are all elements in the lobe, the maximum score is given – 7. The X-ray signs of tuberculous changes in the lungs are recorded in the form of a five-digit code "* * * | * *", where * corresponds to the lung lobe and is replaced by a figure corresponding to the total score calculated for this lobe. The arithmetic mean of the numbers in the code allows estimating the dissemination of tuberculosis: the higher the value, the more severe pathological changes in the lungs. The authors experimentally found that in the treatment of multiple and extensive drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with, the timing of sputum conversion (r s = 0.442; p < 0.01) and healing of cavities (r s = 0.575; p < 0.05) directly depended on the severity of tuberculous changes in the lungs, revealed by chest CT and evaluated using the proposed method.


A report of a study of farm level food grain losses carried out in Andhra Pradesh, India, from 1976 to 1978 is summarised. The object of the project was to provide a social cost benefit analysis of farm level storage improvements. The study concentrated on the storage of paddy (rice) as the staple crop. Eighteen villages provided approximately twenty sample stores each during the two year period of the project. Samples were subjected to laboratory analysis with emphasis on physical dry weight loss. The final estimate of loss was 4.26 per cent± 1.33 per cent. In the second year various improved storage practices were tested, including improvements to traditional stores, use of metal bins, and pesticides. Analysis of the data suggested a positive cost-benefit from these measures and support for the expansion of India's storage extension service, the Save Grain Campaign.


The object of the presented study is to estimate the emissions of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) into the river systems of the federal state Baden-Wuerttemberg (Germany). The estimation is accomplished with the help of the model MONERIS (Behrendt et al., 2000) which was developed to calculate the input of nutrients into river systems. For an application on heavy metal emissions the model MONERIS has to be upgraded. In addition to a basic module heavy metal typical transport processes and specific pathways are integrated in the MONERIS framework. For substance and pathway specific data an extensive data inquiry has been accomplished. The input data is regionalised with the help of a Geographical Information System (GIS). For verification of the results the estimated total emissions diminished by the loss of heavy metals due to retention processes within the river systems are compared with the heavy metal load measured at monitoring stations. Today's emissions of heavy metals into the river systems of Baden-Wuerttemberg are dominated by the input from diffuse sources, e.g. paved urban areas, erosion and inflow of groundwater (Fuchs et al., 2002). For different types of heavy metals different sources and pathways play an important role.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we presented three μ-ring resonator structures based on the standard strip, slot and hybrid plasmonic waveguides based on the SOI platform. A standard strip waveguide is formed by depositing a silicon core on a silica substrate. Whereas the slot waveguide is tailored by keeping a narrow air gap between two silicon strip waveguides. Finally, the hybrid plasmonic waveguide is composed of Metal-Air-Silicon structure, where the E-field is significantly enhanced in the narrow air gap. The ring radius is kept at 1.5 μm for the three designs. The transmission spectrum and E-field distribution of these structures are simulated using the finite element method (FEM). Silicon strip waveguide-based ring resonators are easy to fabricate but their sensitivity is quite low as compared to the other two designs. μ-ring resonator based on hybrid plasmonic waveguide shows the best sensitivity of 333.3 nm/RIU. While, slot waveguide based μ-ring resonator showed the best performance in the quality factor, the figure of merits and limit of detection. We believe that this comparative study will facilitate the researchers to choose the suitable waveguide design for ring resonators depending on their preferred application and fabrication technology available.


An external device such as a digital recording/reproduction device may be controlled via a digital data bus using auto-play and/or auto-pause functions. According to an exemplary embodiment, a method (300/400/500) for controlling an external device includes detecting initiation of one of a disconnection from the external device and a connection to the external device (310/410), providing a pause command signal to the external device via a digital data bus if the initiation of the disconnection from the external device is detected (330), and providing a play command signal to the external device via the digital data bus if the initiation of the connection to the external device is detected (440).


The present paper reports on the findings and conclusions of an experimental study that investigated the perception of Scottish English /i/-/I/ by Spanish speakers. The conclusions suggest that 1) L2 speakers can learn to identify and discriminate a new contrast, 2) these speakers may also learn to signal a new contrast using an acoustic cue that is secondary for the L1 perception of the same contrast, this could be evidence for "category formation" on the basis of non-native cue weighting, and 3) the L2 results showed to pattern in a way that may suggest stage-like development in the acquisition of new contrasts. Further/current research to find more evidence for these and other related ideas is presented towards the end of this paper. Introduction Part of the phonology of a language consists of sound distinctions that speakers perceive and produce. These sound distinctions, in turn, are signalled by a number of sub-properties that integrate to constitute phonological contrasts. There is a many-to-one relation between the properties that signal a contrast and the contrast itself (Repp 1984). The information or sub-properties that signal contrasts are called phonetic cues. The speakers of every language have to learn what aspects of the phonetic signal function as cues and how to use each cue (Scobbie 1998). Furthermore, first language (L1) speakers assign relative amounts of perceptual attention to the different acoustic cues that signal a contrast. That is to say they have a particular weighting to such cues: some of them are primary and other secondary (Nittrouer 2000, Scobbie 1998). For instance, not only do L1 Scottish English speakers know that the principal cues to the tense/lax vowel contrast /i/-/I/ are spectral and durational cues but also that spectral information is primary. This is manifested in their performance in identification tests that contained stimuli with a single acoustic cue (Escudero 2000a). This paper reports the findings and discussion of an experimental study aiming to investigate the adult second language (L2) perception of new vowel contrasts, as well as the way in which such perception may develop. The paper includes possible answers to questions such as: can L2 speakers learn to perceive a new contrast? If so, do they weight the acoustic information in the same way that L1 speakers do? And if not, could we think of the different patterns in their performance as being part of a sequential development? The experimental study that will be reported tested the perception of the Scottish English /i/-/I/ contrast by Scottish and Spanish speakers. Before reporting the experiment and its results, it is worth mentioning some of the theoretical and experimental background (including the previous studies that tested the L2 perception of the same vowel contrast in Spanish speakers). The next section is a brief summary of the relevant, previous literature. Theoretical background A number of studies have been devoted to the perception of non-native sounds (see Strange 1995 and all articles in this volume). There is an increasing interest in knowing the way in which L2 perception works and how different it may be from native perception. Most of the approaches to L2 perception suggest that the L1 background has a strong influence in the way the sounds of the target language (TL) are perceived, at least during the first stages of learning (Ingram and Park 1997). Two of the most important and influential approaches to L2 vowel perception explain L2 speakers' behaviour mainly as a function of their previous, linguistic experience. These two approaches form two different but not incompatible theoretical models for non-native perception. I will briefly summarise and discuss some of their claims. The models referred to here are the Speech Learning Model or SLM (Flege 1995) and the Perceptual Assimilation Model or PAM (Best 1995). The SLM is a mentalist model, in which language-specific sounds are represented in long-term memory: the resulting representations that a speaker has of her L1 sounds constitute phonetic categories (e.g. /s/, /t/, /i/, etc.). The model suggests that TL sounds that are matched with different L1 sounds will be discriminated in a native-like fashion. However, there is no guarantee that they will be fully perceived in the way native speakers perceive them. The SLM explains the lack of ability to create new categories for similar sounds on the basis that L2 speakers are not able to perceive the sub-segmental (non-phonemic) features in which the L2 and L1 sounds differ: they are perceptually equivalent. However, the model also suggests that L2 learners may be able to perceive these non-phonemic features in terms of their experience with the TL. L2 learners are, in principle, capable of forming new categories that resemble native-like ones, even for sounds that are similar to the L1 sounds. In general, this model claims that it is only the perception of sub-phonemic features that can make L2 speakers form a new category for the sound and achieve complete native-like perception. 1 Comments to this paper or any other general query should be addressed to firstname.lastname@example.com. They are certainly very welcome. On the other hand, the PAM assumes that new sounds will get assimilated, in one way or another, to the categories that already exist in the speakers' L1. Consequently, the model suggests degrees and types of assimilation of TL sounds to the L1 perceptual categories (e.g. they may get assimilated to a single category, two categories, etc). That is, it provides us with the different ways in which a sound can be assimilated and the results that this assimilation has for distinguishing contrastive TL sounds. The model suggests that L2 speakers have already tuned their linguistic perceptual device to particular features so they would have difficulties in detecting the features that the TL sounds have that are not in their L1. Regarding learnability issues, the PAM predicts the degrees of discriminability but not the process involved in the acquisition of such discriminability. From the two theories above mentioned, it may be inferred that L2 native-like perception is possible provided L2 speakers detect the sub-phonemic information or features in the TL sounds and build up new categories based on them. The models do not mention that L2 speakers should also detect the relative cue weighting of the information involved in the TL categories, neither do they explain what the developmental process for new sounds is. However, an extension of the models could address cue weighting. For instance, the PAM would be able to explain how cue weighting is acquired in terms of a new detection of high level features for the TL. Likewise, the supporters of the SLM may be able to cope with this phenomenon by suggesting that the phonetic categories are represented in long-term memory with their relative, acoustic weighting. In general, the acquisition of the right cue weighting include in a complete native-like perception would be extremely difficult (for some sounds more than for others), mainly because the input does not clearly manifest which cue is being preferred. Therefore, an extension and a better explanation of the above mentioned phenomenon (cue weighting) would seem necessary. Moreover, attempts to describe the developmental process of new contrasts ought to be considered. The perception of tense/lax vowel contrasts Studies have shown that the relevant acoustic information for the perception of tense/lax vowel contrasts is divided in two basic dimensions: quality and quantity differences. In terms of quantity, we can think of both the steady-state formant frequency of the vowel (mainly F1 and F2) and the transition of those formants from the start till the end of the vowel. On the other hand, quantity cues will be the vowel intrinsic duration as well as its duration depending on the linguistic context in which is produced (Nearey 1989). For the experimental study that will be reported here, I chose a variety of English that has tense/lax contrasts in its vowel inventory namely Scottish Standard English (SSE). Within the tense/lax vowel contrasts that the variety has, the /i/-/I/ one was chosen. In this variety /i/, as well as other vowels, is produced as a monophthong, as opposed to its production in General American or Southern British English in which it is produced as a diphthong. Consequently, it is suggested here that format transition (changes in F1 and F2 from the beginning till the end of the vowel) will not play a considerable role in signalling the distinction between Scottish /i/ and /I/. Likewise, it is also argued that regardless of the linguistic context the vowels involved in this contrast will always be distinguished by L1 Scottish speakers. On that basis, intrinsic duration was thought as a relevant acoustic cue for signalling the contrast. Despite the possibility of finding that extrinsic duration does play a role in the perception of this tense/lax contrast, my principal purpose was to investigate the relative role of spectral steady-state cues and intrinsic duration cues only in the perception of tense/lax vowel contrasts. Therefore, Scottish English seemed to be methodologically appropriate to this purpose. The findings of a first pilot (reported in Escudero 2000a) suggested that L1 Scottish speakers used both cues (spectral and durational) to signal Scottish /i/-/I/. Furthermore, the results showed that the use of spectral cues was higher than the one for durational cues. That is, these speakers attended to spectral information comparatively more: spectral information was primary. These results were gathered by examining the speakers perception of vowels that presented one of the cues only: two continua of seven elements, manipulating one cue and keeping the other averaged for each continuum, were generated using the HLSyn version of the Klatt synthesiser. Recall th


RESEARCH PAPER: Reaching Out: Preliminary Research on the Communication Between Secondary and College Writing Instructors STUDENT: Ann Burke DEGREE: Master of Arts COLLEGE: Sciences and Humanities DATE: May 2013 PAGES: 25 During the CCCC 2012 session, "Composition's Roots in English Education," Thomas Newkirk explained, "[students] are the winners" if communication is established between K-12 schools and postsecondary institutions. This communication, then, has the potential to support a smoother transition for students from one level of education to the next. With this in mind, this research project discusses current expectations and goals secondary and postsecondary instructors have for students, and how these expectations and goals contribute to the amount, articulation and collaboration that may or may not happen between teachers and across institutions. From the results of a survey and interviews, this study intends to draw out teacher narratives, responding to Newkirk's call for communication between different levels of education. It is concerned with who is telling these stories, especially those stories that uncover how instructors can accommodate students in their academic careers as they transition from secondary to postsecondary composition.


A simple reversed phase HPLC method with UV detection has been successfully developed and validated for determination of moxifloxacin in human plasma. The sample pretreatment involves only single-step protein precipitation with tricloroacetic acid. Moxifloxacin was measured in plasma using a validated HPLC method with UV detector at 295 nm, C18 column (25cm×4.5mm, 5µm), a mixture of phosphate buffer pH 4.0 and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Retention time of moxifloxacin was found to be 7.4 min. The mean recovery for the drug was obtained 97.30%. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.3 to 25.0 µg/mL with coefficient correlation of 0.9991. This method was successfully applied for therapeutic drug monitoring.


• Rural families spend more time each week coordinating their child's care than do urban families. The majority of children with mental health problems go untreated, and the gap between need and service use is assumed to be wider in rural than in urban areas, particularly for children with more severe needs.1-2 It is also assumed that rural families of children with mental health problems experience a greater financial and emotional burden than urban families. These assumptions reflect the lower availability of mental health specialty care and support services in rural areas. Lower income and more limited economic opportunities may further hamper the ability of rural families to care for children with mental health problems. The current research literature does not describe how well the needs of children with mental health problems are being met in rural areas. Although there are reasons to believe the burden these needs place on families is higher in rural areas, evidence to support this assumption is limited. Using the 2005-06 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, we examine the prevalence, access to services, problem severity, and family impact of children's mental health in rural and urban areas. These data are linked to the Rural-Urban Continuum Codes to examine populations living in urban areas, rural areas adjacent to urban areas, and rural areas not adjacent to urban areas.


In the 40-year history of hydrocarbon exploration on the Alaskan North Slope, about 21 accmulations with a total in-place volume of more than 60 billion barrels of oil and 35 trillion cubic feet of gas have been discovered. Although the density of exploratory drilling in this region is not uniform, enough drilling has been done to show a distinct concentration of oil and gas in the Prudhoe Bay area between the Colville and Canning Rivers. This concentration is also evident when the Prudhoe area resources are compared with the USGS estimates of undiscovered in-place oil and gas resources of the adjacent areas, the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Most oil and gas in the Prudhoe area accumulated near the present coastline in reservoirs that overlie a southeasterly plunging basement ridge, the Barrow arch. The location of these accumulations, in low-relief structural-stratigraphic traps midway along the arch and downdip from its apex at Point Barrow, is the paradox. An answer to this paradox is provided by analysis of two cross sections, one along the Barrow arch and one perpendicular, showing their original structural positions for the beginning, middle, and end of Cretaceous time. In Early Cretaceous (mid-Neocomian) time, the crest of the Barrow arch was near sea level along its entire length. Because of northeasterly sediment progradation during later Cretaceous time, the Barrow area became more deeply buried than the Prudhoe area, thus making the Prudhoe area the focal point for migrating oil and gas. Beginning in early(?) Tertiary time, the Barrow area was slowly uplifted while the Prudhoe area subsided, thus beginning the process which resulted in the reversal of their relative elevations and the focus for migrating oil and gas. Studies show that the Prudhoe Bay field was tilted during Tertiary time, that some oil and gas escaped, migrated toward Barrow, and was trapped in the Kuparuk, West Sak, and Ugnu fields. This analysis suggests that most North Slope oil and gas was generated during Cretaceous time.


The erisis experiencedin 1990s have caused the clnim that "intermediate ex change rate regimes" are prone to erisis and are not sustainable. According to this claim, the mentioned exchange rate regimes have an important role in these crises. Afier these crises, a search for the best exchange ra te regime for deveZaping countries bas begun and discussions in this cantext have taken place between economists. The fact that the countries that have experienced erisis have chosen "independent floating exchange rat e regime" afier erisis has not ended these discussions but have fueled them. The recent discussions have forced same economists to ereale alternative exchange rate regimes (such as BBC regime or Managed Floating Plus) against available exchange rate regimes. This paper aims to determine the relationship between interme diate exchange rat e regimes and financial erises and declare the discussions related exchange rate regimes and alternative regimes afier the crises.


This paper is focused on the lag time of flow confluence. Lag is described empirically by the precipitation factor in hydrological modelling, but the traditional way to establish the relationship between lag and intensity is not very satisfactory in arid and semi‐arid regions. A total 215 rainfall–runoff experiments were conducted to reveal the effects of net rain duration on lag and intensity. The results show that a correlation between lag and rain intensity exists under certain conditions. There is a critical value in net rain intensity (0·8–1 mm min−1) in the correlation curve of lag and net rain intensity in the given experimental watershed in the laboratory. Similarly, a critical value of net rain duration also exists. This value is the total confluence time. The features of lag time change significantly if intensity or duration is less or greater than the critical value. The study also explores the joint effects of net rain intensity and duration on lag. The formula established among lag, intensity and duration resulted in a better fit. Therefore, the two‐parameter (intensity and duration) empirical formula for lag is better than the traditional single‐parameter (intensity) method. This two‐parameter correlation formula can also be applied to a temporally and spatially uneven runoff processes. A typical field watershed is selected to test the results of the experiments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


We present here the result of a retreatment of data from the RUNJOB (RUssia-Nippon JOint Balloon) experiment of nucleon-nucleus interactions registered in stratospheric X-ray emulsion chambers (REC) using a new method for searching and tracing of galactic particles in nuclear emulsions. In about halfcof these interactions (∼ 50) recorded in REC RUNJOB'96-3B, RUNJOB'97-6A and RUNJOB'99-11A,B with energy released in the electromagnetic component ΣE γ ≥ 3 TeV and ΣE γ ≥ 5 TeV respectively, single charged particle tracks are not found within the search area defined individually by the particle track location accuracy. The absence of primary proton tracks is consistent with the original treatment of the RUNJOB experimental data. There is a difference in the zenith angular distribution for two groups of events in which a single charged particle track is observed or absent. The average penetration depth of the primary particles in REC to the interaction vertex in the zenith angle range from 60∘ to 79∘ differs by a factor two for these groups.


The concept of leadership implies that there are also followers. A unique feature of the modern presidency is its leadership of the free world or even of the world in its entirety. However, the behavior of followers is usually neglected. The focal point is the Oval Office. The circle of attention expands in concentric circles to include staff in the National Security Council, State Department, Pentagon, and Congress; to interest group representatives; and finally to the American electorate as a whole. All are significant in the making of American foreign policy. But you cannot have foreign policy without the involvement of foreigners too. At the high point of the president's world leadership, foreigners were only too happy to engage with the White House. After the end of World War II, President Truman's initiatives for the defense of Greece and Turkey, the Marshall Plan, and the creation of NATO were fervently welcomed by European governments who gladly cooperated under the direction of Washington. The 1961 inaugural address of President Kennedy pledged leadership not only of Americans but also of "my fellow citizens of the world." It was the rhetorical climax of an era in which the president was seen as an unfettered leader of the free world. Nor could the president's leadership be ignored by potential adversaries. The Berlin airlift was as unwelcome to the Soviet Union as it was welcome to Berliners, and America's intervention in Korea stymied North Korean aggression. While the Soviet Union was not a follower of the United States, in a bipolar world, Moscow had to be as attentive to American actions as Washington was to what it did. The hot line between the White House and the Kremlin symbolized both the mutual interdependence of the two world leaders and also that neither needed to consult followers in other countries before taking a decision. Since then, there has been a double transformation in America's position. First, the world began to close in on the White House, sending frequent reminders that the flow of influence between leaders and followers is not a one-way flow.(1) This was made palpable in the Vietnam War. It was equally evident in the 1971 dollar crisis, when the United States was forced to suspend convertibility of the dollar. The taking of hostages in the American Embassy in Iran was another very public example that other countries could humble the leader of the free world. The fall of the BerlinWall and the collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of a demand for cold war leadership that presidents were ready to supply. In a 1990 speech to Congress, President Bush hailed the change as "a new world order ... in which the nations of the world, east and west, north and south, can prosper and live in harmony." The president's rhetoric left diplomatically vague the terms of the relationship. The Persian Gulf War of 1991 showed that if there is a perceived coincidence of national interests in the face of an immediate danger and if the president is prepared to invest time and political capital in building a domestic political coalition for action and/f the president will also do the same internationally, then it is possible for the White House to give a global lead that many countries will follow. But the concatenation of conditions necessary for this to happen increasingly appears the exception rather than the rule. Today, a second transformation is occurring: instead of closing in on the White House, the rest of the world is increasingly disengaging from it. In consequence, the appeals of the president to foreign governments may be unheard; they are, as it were, the sound of one hand clapping. This is not because of anti-Americanism but because structural changes in the world lead to other countries having foreign affairs in which American involvement is not relevant. The Changing World Outside the Beltway The transformation of the six-country European Community into a fifteen-country European Union (EU) means that Brussels, Frankfurt, and Luxembourg are now the chief cities in which leaders of European states contend for influence outside their own national capital. …


The higher vocational education in Jiangsu province has been developing rapidly, and now at the beginning of the new century is confronted with both opportunities and challenges. So we have to revise the old ideas and make clear our location. In order to make new contributions to the cause of modernization in Jiangsu province and serve the local economic development, we must further reform, mould our own specific characteristics, and perfect the system of higher vocational education.


ABSTRACT The article introduces the concepts of robustness and flexibility into the discussion on spatial quality to unpack the approach adopted by the Dutch province of Friesland in pursuit of their ambition to stimulate spatial quality. The analysis of how robustness and flexibility are manifested in Friesland, respectively the capacity to counteract negative impacts on spatial quality and the capacity to progress to more enhanced forms of spatial quality, reveals a multi-component, dynamic and selective approach. Multi-component refers to the combination of regulations, the building of purposeful organizations and teams and deliberate actions to influence spatial development projects and plans. It is dynamic because the approach is adapted to the dynamics of the multilevel governance system wherein the province and its actions are embedded. It is selective because spatial quality is reduced to a limited set of factors, decision-making is done by a selected set of actors and some measures tend to address a limited set of themes. The findings suggest that stimulating spatial quality strongly depends on how spatial quality is conceptualized and formalized in the arena of politics and planning, negotiated in multilevel decision-making processes alongside decisions on whether to make resources available for this purpose.


Alternative models of urban travel demand and the data used to estimate them are reviewed. The study focuses on the sampling error in origin-destination trip data and the impact that sampling error has on the estimation of a direct-demand travel model. High sampling errors in origin-destination trip data are found to significantly inhibit the performance of the direct-demand travel model. (Author)


The paper is a sequel to the paper on ?The Use of Bessel Functions for calculating the Self-Inductance of Single-Layer Solenoids? by Prof. E. B. Moullin, and its purpose is to calculate the change of inductance when a single-layer solenoid is placed coaxially inside a cylindrical screening can. The problem has been treated experimentally by A. G. Bogle, who obtained a simple workshop formula for the fractional change of inductance of a coil when it is screened. The results of the paper are compared with Bogle's formula and are shown to be in good agreement.


In 1980, out of 1457 new cases of tuberculosis diagnosed in Australia, 816 occurred in migrants, 343 of whom were Vietnamese refugees. Non‐pulmonary tuberculosis comprised about 20% of cases. About 14% of the patients presented first to their local medical practitioner.


In this paper we present a new poly-silicon gate process for AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT power transistors. Using a complete metal-free front-end processing of the gate module the process is fully CMOS compatible. Additionally, the gate reliability can be significantly increased. We used a three-step LPCVD SiN passivation fully enclosing the gate electrode made of polycrystalline silicon. As gate dielectrics LPCVD deposited SiN are used with a thickness of 20 nm and 120 nm. We compared these devices with MIS-HEMTs using Al as gate electrode. Constant current measurements have been performed that show with QBD, poiy, 20 nm = 714 C/cm2 and a MTTF0.5A/cm2 = 1293s significant higher charge pumping capability through the gate for the poly-Si gated devices compared to conventional metal gates.


With the rapidly increasing performance of information technology, i.e., computer hardware and software systems, as well as networks and communication systems, a new capability is being developed that holds the clear promise of greatly increased exploration capability, along with dramatically reduced design, development, and operating costs. These new intelligent systems technologies, utilizing knowledge-based software and very high performance computer systems, will provide new design and development tools, scheduling mechanisms, and vehicle and system health monitoring capabilities. In addition, specific technologies such as neural nets will provide a degree of machine intelligence and associated autonomy which has previously been unavailable to the mission and spacecraft designer and to the system operator. One of the most promising applications of these new information technologies is to the area of in situ resource utilization. Useful resources such as oxygen, compressed carbon dioxide, water, methane, and buffer gases can be extracted and/or generated from planetary atmospheres, such as the Martian atmosphere. These products, when used for propulsion and life-support needs can provide significant savings in the launch mass and costs for both robotic and crewed missions. In the longer term the utilization of indigenous resources is an enabling technology that is vital to sustaining long duration human presence on Mars. This paper will present the concepts that are currently under investigation and development for mining the Martian atmosphere, such as temperature-swing adsorption, zirconia electrolysis etc., to create propellants and life-support materials. This description will be followed by an analysis of the information technology and control needs for the reliable and autonomous operation of such processing plants in a fault tolerant manner, as well as the approach being taken for the development of the controlling software. Finally, there will be a brief discussion of the verification and validation process so crucial to the implementation of mission-critical software.


A series of six 7-substituted pyrrolo [2, 3-d] pyrimidines and two 9-substituted purines were prepared and evaluated for potential antiparasitic activity. All were inactive against P. berghei in mice. Six of the target compounds were also evaluated for antitrypanosomal activity against T. rhodesiense in mice. All six compounds were also inactive in this screen.


This paper examines the bank productivity growth and integration process for the 28 EU countries during three main phases of the financial crisis: the U.S. subprime crisis (2007-2008), the global financial crisis (2009-2010) and the sovereign debt crisis (2010-2012). We extend the Malmquist Productivity Index by applying an additive two-stage DEA model. This allows us to explore the sources of growth in different stages of production. Furthermore, we assess the integration of European banks by analyzing the β-convergence and σ-convergence of the twostage Productivity Index. Our results show a productivity growth during the U.S. subprime crisis, but a consistent decline during the global financial crisis. The loss of competitiveness of the European banking system is due to the drop of the performance stage and technical change. Finally, we find a strong convergence pattern during the financial crisis, mainly driven by the catch up process of some Eastern countries and the drop in performance of Western countries.


An explicit finite difference solver for the Euler equations was developed and used to calculate the flow past two of the AGARD standard aeroelastic configurations, an NACA 64A010 and an NLR 7301. The algorithm employed uses a modified four step Runge-Kutta time stepping scheme, boundary conditions determined from the time-dependent theory of characteristics and an unsteady automatic grid generation procedure. In general, the calculated results are in good agreement with available experiment. Moreover, they demonstrate the importance of using the Euler equations for super-critical airfoils and in situations where the transonic small disturbance theory results in poor agreement with experiment.


In this article, an experimental campaign devoted to analyzing the forced micro-convection features of heated gas flows through commercial stainless-steel microtubes having inner diameters of 172 μm and 750 μm is described. The experimental results obtained by heating the microtubes with an imposed uniform heat flux (H-boundary condition) at the external wall, in terms of Nusselt numbers, are compared to the predictions of the classical correlations validated for conventional pipes and to the correlations proposed for gas flows through microtubes under laminar and transitional conditions (100 < Re < 4,000). The cross-sections of the tested microtubes enabled the analysis of the effects of wall axial heat conduction on the Nusselt number. It was observed that the Nusselt number is strongly dependent on the Reynolds number in the laminar regime, and this fact is explained in the article with the effects of wall axial heat conduction and the difficulties in the experimental determination of the right exit bulk temperature of the gas flow, which cannot be ignored in the thermal analysis. The agreement between the Gnielinski correlation and the experimental Nusselt number is poor, especially for low Reynolds numbers, if one uses the average gas bulk temperature, obtained as the arithmetic mean between the inlet and outlet gas bulk temperature, in the definition of the experimental Nusselt number. On the contrary, the agreement with the Gnielinski correlation improves if the local wall-gas temperature difference near the exit of the microtube is used instead. The experimental results presented in the article demonstrate that the criteria for the design of accurate micro-convection tests can be quite different from those for the analysis of forced convection through conventional pipes.


Non-random time series of cosmic rays were searched for in air shower data of mean energy 1.1 x 10 15 eV, collected by the air shower array at Mitsuishi, Japan, during the period from January 1989 to October 1996. By clustering the arrival time of air showers, five occasions of rate elevation phenomena were found with an expected probability ≤ 0.05 (varying from 0.18 × 10 -2 to 4.0 × 10 -2 ) from a random distribution in 3651358 air showers. The arrival directions of these events are grouped in two regions on the galactic plane within the latitude ±25°, corresponding to a chance probability of 1.6% from a uniform distribution.


The "Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee 17 December 2020 Meeting Briefing Document", formulated by the FDA, reported three cases of swelling in areas previously injected with HA filler, introducing the possible relationship between a COVID-19 vaccine and adverse events in areas previously injected with HA fillers. The aim of this research is to report a case of an adverse event following a COVID-19 vaccine in a patient previously injected with facial filler. Furthermore, a scoping review on the same topic was performed. The research was carried out on the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus. The selection process identified four articles as eligible for inclusion in the review. Nineteen patients, including the described case report, who experienced an adverse event following a COVID-19 vaccine in areas previously injected with facial filler were identified. Adverse events following a COVID-19 vaccine in patients previously injected with facial filler appear to be rare. A high BDDE cross-linking rate and/or a low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid filler may have a higher tardive adverse event rate when triggered.


Catalogers and Library IT staff at the University of Iowa are comparing MARC data from Alma to PNX (Primo Normalized XML) records to optimize display, searching, browsing, and faceting of MARC bibliographic data in the discovery layer. We will discuss the scope, goals, and strategies of our ongoing project; describe resulting configuration changes for improved display and access; and share lessons learned during a process with many twists and turns. This project is creating new opportunities for collaboration among catalogers, systems, and public services staff.


Objective: To study the distribution characteristics of TCM four diagnostic information and syndrome of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome(ACS). Methods: The demographic data and TCM four diagnostic information of 300 eligible patients were collected through the clinical epidemiologic methods, and then hierachical clustering methods and frequency analysis methods were adopted for data analysis by STATISTICA 6 software and SPSS 12.0 statistical software. Results: Endogenous collateral wind was an independent syndrome of TCM chest pain; Qi deficiency was the main and facultative syndrome of endogenous collateral wind; Blood stasis syndrome had less correlation with endogenous collateral wind than Qi deficiency; Endogenous collateral wind syndrome also related to Yin deficiency. Conclusion: It is the preliminary evidence that endogenous collateral wind is the important pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome.


Modern agriculture is the era of 21st century. Competency is an indispensable in every aspect of delivering services to their ultimate users. Competency is integration of skills, knowledge, attitude and behavior that trigger to perform the delegated services in precise and methodical manner. The objective of this study was to identify important core competency required and its acquisition barrier for extension advisors of Nepalese agriculture extension service. Data were obtained using survey questionnaire from officers working at federal, state and local government offices of the selected 18 districts. The questionnaire was composed of open and close-ended questions based on 56 indicators of the nine core competencies. The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. The findings indicated respondent perceptions on its all nine core competencies- program planning, program implementation, communication skills, extension education and information technology, program evaluation, personal and professional development, diversity, subject matter expertise and emotional intelligence from important to very important ranges. Subject matter expertise was perceived most important and communication skills as least one. Subject matter expertise, extension education and information technology skills positively correlate with education. The limited training opportunities and high cost for acquiring training personally are major barriers to gain competencies.


We aimed to use simple physiological equations to show similarities and differences in blood fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) clearance in the liver (Ki) and distribution volume (V0) in the liver, respectively, generated from nonlinear least squares computer modelling and Gjedde–Patlak–Rutland graphical analysis of dynamic 18F-FDG PET. We show theoretically that when, as is usually the case, vascular fraction (fraction of liver occupied by blood, Vb) is included as a parameter in modelling but ignored in graphical analysis, the ratio of Ki values, respectively, generated by graphical anlaysis (GKi) and by modelling (MKi) is equal to 1−Vb. This theoretical prediction was then confirmed from dynamic PET data acquired in a clinical population of patients undergoing routine 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography and from a review of the literature in which it can be seen that GKi/MKi ranges from 0.47 to 0.98. When Vb is not included as a parameter in modelling, GKi is theoretically equal to MKi and to MV0·k3, and GV0 is equal to MV0. There are several attractions to normalising Ki to V0 with respect to liver. Thus, first, there is no need to correct imaging for photon attenuation. Second, it makes no difference whether uptake constant is expressed as blood or plasma clearance. Third, it circumvents the effects of hepatic fat, which, because it accumulates negligible 18F-FDG, physically dilutes the 18F-FDG signal and reduces both uptake constant and distribution volume.


The results of stability analysis for a steady state shock wave, formed in disk accretion on to a non-rotating black hole, are considered. The stability of such a shock in the framework of linear analysis is reduced to solution of Stourm-Liouville problem between the shock front and the sonic point with corresponding outer and inner boundary conditions. The results of an eigenvalue problem demonstrated the instability of the shock wave against azimuthal perturbations. Numerical 2D modelling shows good agreement with the result of linear semi-analitical analysis at the linear regime. At nonlinear stage the instability saturates at a low level and a strongly deformed asymmetric shock wave is formed.


It is shown that (i) for non-empty, compact, convex sets in $\R^d,\,d\ge 3$ with a $C^2$ boundary the Newtonian capacity is bounded from above by $(d-2)M(K)$, where $M(K)>0$ is the integral of the mean curvature over the boundary of $K$ with equality if $K$ is a ball, (ii) for compact, convex sets in $\R^d,\,d\ge 3$ with non-empty interior the Newtonian capacity is bounded from above by $\frac{(d-2)P(K)^2}{d|K|}$ with equality if $K$ is a ball. Here $P(K)$ is the perimeter of $K$ and $|K|$ is its measure. A quantitative refinement of the latter inequality in terms of the Fraenkel asymmetry is also obtained.


Palm oil is one of the plantation commodities that has a strategic role in Indonesia's economic development. Lack of employee knowledge about the types of diseases in oil palm seedlings resulted in errors in handling them. In the selection of seeds to be planted in plantations, sick will cause unstable palm growth and even die. This study aims to find the best solution according to experts when the emergence of pests or diseases is identified through the pattern and color of the leaves. The data used in this study comes from image data of PT.Gatipura Mulya which is conducting a nursery as many as 612 images of oil palm seedlings and can be divided into 4 classes. The method that can be used in this identification is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which can study objects in image patterns. The result of this research is that the accuracy of image recognition is very good. So that this research can be recommended in the introduction of oil palm image patterns.


New taxes aiming at tackling the challenges of this age are popular. Leading principles are Always somewhere and The Polluter has to pay. In order to tackle the challenges of Base Erosion Profit Shifting: Base Erosion Profit Shifting (diverted profit taxes in Australia (as from 1 July 2017) and the UK); the digital economy (an equalization levy (suggested by the OECD) in India); and climate change (Carbon taxes in Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland, Latvia, the UK, Portugal, Costa Rica, Japan, South Africa, Chili, Britis Colombia, City of Boulder, Colorado, San Francisco Bay Area, Montgomery County, Maryland and California, France (as of 2017) and most likely Canada (as of 2018). The Netherlands at the time of writing has no plans to introduce similar taxes. The new taxes disturb the level playing field (risk of double taxation), complicate the tax system and are not transparent as the legislation is generally not accessible at all and if so most times not in English on the Internet. Little information is available on the economic and juridical effects of the diverted profit tax and equalization taxes. Research on the economic effects of carbon taxes is available, but little attention has been paid thus far to the juridical aspects of these taxes. The author argues international organizations should provide more guidance.


We aimed to study the toxic effect of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on the morphology and the structure of the rat testis and to see if there is a potential recovery of the adverse effects of MSG. The study was performed on forty-eight young adult Wistar male rats (age 10 weeks). The animals were divided randomly into Control group (C) and Experimental group (E), each containing 24 rats. Each group were subdivided into four subgroups in a way that each subgroup contained six rats. Each rate was of similar age. The experimental groups received 4 ml/Kg body weight (b.w.) I.P (Intraperitoneal) injection of MSG daily for 14 days. By time of scarification, the right testis was processed for histological evaluation while the left one was processed for sperm and morphometric evaluation. Rats treated with MSG showed morphological and morphometric changes as decrease in testicular weight, decrease in tubular diameter, reduction in germinal epithelium height, decrease in the spermatic count and abnormalities of sperms morphology. There was significant gradual improvement after cessation of treatment with MSG. However, the normal structure of the testis was not regained even after six weeks of cessation of treatment.


The stability and control characteristics of heavy-duty truck combinations used in Canada were determined as an aid for the development of new regulations on the weights and dimensions of vehicles in interprovincial trucking. Truck combinations which are currently in use in Canada were first identified through a survey activity. Parameters describing these vehicles were evaluated and an extensive computerized analysis of dynamic performance characteristics was conducted. Full scale tests were run as a supplement to the computerized study for three of the selected vehicles. The results serve to classify the contrasting dynamic performance qualities of some 22 vehicle configurations, distinguished by the number and placement of axles, number of trailers, and type of hitching mechanisms. Also, the sensitivity of the dynamic behaviour of each configuration to variations in weights and dimensions, as well as certain component properties, is determined. Novel measures of performance were developed for characterizing: 1) the dynamic stability of roll-coupled trailer combinations and the off-tracking overshoot in a rapid path-change maneuver, and 2) the potential for low speed jackknife while towing a trailer with multiple wide spread axles around a tight turn. Generalized performance evaluation techniques are outlined for future use in examining prospective new vehicle combinations. This report contains the appendices to vehicle weights and dimensions study technical report number 1 (see IRRD 291075). (Author/TRRL)


Objective The examination of MRI combined with MRA,MRV and 3D navigator can improve diagnostic or treatment level of meningoma.Methods 43 cases of meningoma were reviewed for study group in MRI combined with MRA,MRV and 3D navigator, 78 cases were done for contrast group in MRI. Both of them (121 cases in all) were studied in contrast to surgical pathology. Results The results of both groups were as follows: the correct rate of diagnosis reached 100% in study group (43 cases),while it was 87.2% in contrast group (78 cases). There was significant difference in both groups(P 0.05). Conclusion It can provide accurate diagnostic data of meningoma in MRI combined with all above examinations. It will play an important role in guiding operation and decreasing operative complication.


Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) on the estimates of the main scattering center parameters, i.e., the position, intensity and geometry type, are presented in analytic forms. The resolution limit for wideband radar and the SNR threshold for the correct identification of the geometry type parameter of scattering centers are further deduced. Though the results are obtained from the CRB matrix for damped exponentials (DE) after many approximations and simplifications, their validity and adaptability for geometric theory of diffraction (GTD) based scattering center model have been verified both numerically and experimentally.