As a result of enrichment cultivation using ortho-phthalate, naphthalene or biphenyl as a selective factor, six aerobic bacterial associations were obtained. It was found that all associations, having reached a sta-ble composition, actively grow on a selective substrate. However, associations, isolated using ortho-phthalate as a selective factor, do not have the ability to use biphenyl as a carbon source. Associations R24, R63, R26 and R62 grow effectively in a mineral medoum with biphenyl, and also decompose com-mercial PCB mixtures by the classical pathway of biphenyl oxidation. The level of destruction of Trihlo-robiphenyl by these associations was 99.7 - 99.8%, and for Sovol - 99.6 - 99.8% in 8 days. At the same time, there was no significant difference in biodegradation indices between the R24 and R63 associations selected on biphenyl and the R26 and R62 associations isolated on naphthalene.


Doris Lessing's insistence on the importance of self-knowledge shapes all her novels. Her first novel, The Grass Is Singing (1950), records Mary Turner's failure to understand herself, a failure which leads her into an unwise marriage and an impossible situation with the blacks who work on the Turner farm. Mary's inability to adequately assess her own attitudes leads to her destruction; because she cannot come to terms with what she is, her death is as much a suicide as it is a murder. Retreat to Innocence (1956) shows young Julia Barr in a situa? tion which urges self-examination and personal growth, but Julia retreats from the opportunity, and chooses the easier path of following social convention. Like Mary Turner, she illustrates the negative results of the failure to explore herself. In contrast, Anna Wulf in The Golden Note book (1962) and Martha Quest in the Children of Violence series (1952 1969) are women whose lives are devoted to self-understanding; their quest is to know themselves and thereby to know their relationship to the world. Lessing is often labeled a feminist, or a writer about the racial question, or an ex-Communist political enthusiast, or most recently as an "inner-space" cultist with apocalyptic visions. Rather than fitting any one of these labels, Lessing absorbs them all under the unifying theme of the search for self-identity: through knowledge of the self one also dis? covers one's role in society. Gabriel Marcel, in The Philosophy of Existentialism, is only one of many who have pointed out that modern man has lost the awareness of the sense of the ontological, the sense of being. He says, "The individual tends to appear both to himself and to others as an agglomeration of functions."1 What, then, can be the inward reality of one who appears as a multiple of roles, even to himself? It is perhaps impossible to define adequately the self, the integrated self, being, but the terms do convey some meaning, enough to be useful in describing the search undertaken [252]


In 1990, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) published its revised technical assistance bulletin (TAB) on handling cytotoxic and hazardous drugs. 1 The information and recommendations contained in that document were current to June 1988. Continuing reports of workplace contamination and concerns for health care worker safety prompted the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to issue new guidelines on controlling occupational exposure to hazardous drugs in 1995. In 2004, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) issued the " NIOSH Alert: Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Health Care Settings. " 4 The following ASHP Guidelines on Handling Hazardous Drugs include information from these recommendations and are current to 2004. Purpose The purpose of these guidelines is to (1) update the reader on new and continuing concerns for health care workers handling hazardous drugs and (2) provide information on recommendations, including those regarding equipment, that have been developed since the publication of the previous TAB. Because studies have shown that contamination occurs in many settings, these guidelines should be implemented wherever hazardous drugs are received, stored, prepared , administered, or disposed. The primary goal of this document is to provide recommendations for the safe handling of hazardous drugs. These guidelines represent the recommendations of many groups and individuals who have worked tirelessly over decades to reduce the potential harmful effects of hazardous drugs on health care workers. The research available to date, as well as the opinions of thought leaders in this area, is reflected in the guidelines. Where possible, recommendations are evidence based. In the absence of published data, professional judgment, experience, and common sense have been used.


The first object of the present invention is to provide a flat tire excellent seal (seal) the castle insane and infusion. First embodiment of a tire puncture actual according to the present invention is containing a specific amine compound, a glycol and a rubber latex and / or a resin emulsion and a surfactant. The second object of the present invention is excellent not gender of generated bubbles, a liquid volume to provide a flat tire at least the actual indicating superior insane. Actual flat tire according to a second embodiment of the present invention contains a specific polyether-modified silicone, and glycols, and a rubber latex and / or a resin emulsion and a surfactant.


Based on various experimental results, M3+O(–Mn4+)2 clusters in (Fe, Co, Ni)-doped MnOx catalysts were identified as the principal active sites for the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural due to their special properties that make oxygen 'easy come, easy go'.


Recent reports have indicated that zinc ion(Zn2+) plays an important role in the mechanism of brain injury following cerebral ischemia.Large amount of Zn2+ is released from synaptic vesicles and accumulates in postsynaptic neurons following cerebral ischemia.In addition,oxidative stress and acidosis,both of which occur prominently in ischemia,can induce Zn2+ release from zinc-ligands such as metallothionein proteins.Intense cytosolic Zn2+ overloads can promote pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation to trigger necrosis,whereas milder cytosolic Zn2+ loads may augment apoptotic pathways.Further investigation of the contribution of Zn2+ to the mechanism of brain injury following cerebral ischemia will likely provide new preventive and therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.


Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that develops intelligent machines. In recent years, medicine has been contemplated with this recent modality to aid in the diagnosis of diseases in several specialties, including gastroenterology and gastrointestinal endoscopy. This new technology has superior ability to perform tasks mimicking human behavior and can identify possible pathological alterations, such as pre-malignant lesions and dysplasia, precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC), and support medical decisionmaking. CRC is among the three most prevalent cancer types, and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide; in addition, it is a leading cause of death in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD tend to have greater inflammatory cell activity in the intestinal mucosa, which can favor cell proliferation and CRC development. AI can contribute to the detection of pre-neoplastic lesions in patients at risk of CRC development, such as those with extensive IBD or when additional CRC risk factors, such as smoking, are present. In fact, AI systems could improve all aspects of care related to both the detection of pre-malignant and malignant lesions and the screening of patients with IBD. In this review, we aimed to show the benefits and innovations of AI in the screening of CRC in patients with IBD. The promising applications of AI have the potential to revolutionize clinical practice and gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially in at-risk patients, such as those with IBD.


This paper discusses the conceptual effects of telework usage on the work environment. Discussions focus on three perspectives: those of teleworkers, their colleagues, and their employers. Telework, in this paper, is defined as work that is carried out using some type of information technology (IT) at a distance from the traditional workplace. This paper argues that telework can alter understandings of work because it reshapes conventional perceptions of work location, time, and perceived values in organisational settings. From the viewpoint of non-teleworking colleagues of teleworkers, telework modifies understandings of equity and perceptions of work carried out in teams, due to decreased face-to-face interaction. From an employer viewpoint, telework alters understandings of hierarchy and organisational cultural norms. This paper is limited to discussions based on the available literature and does not support generalisation, but rather suggests areas for further empirical investigation.


Based on introducing the development process,targets and guideline of rural development support,it was pointed out that French new agricultural policies during 2007-2013 that submitted to European Parliament had some effects on the French agricultural development from the aspects of fund management and evaluation,the application principles and keystones of rural development support plan,and reflected some new characteristics.It is worth our reference to learn from.


Abstract The Pratyabhijñā system, elaborated in the tenth and eleventh centuries by the Kashmiri philosophers Utpaladeva and Abhinavagupta, presents a rational justification of the metaphysical principles contained in the Śaiva nondualistic scriptures. However, contrary to what one might expect, many arguments to which Utpaladeva and Abhinavagupta resort when defending their idealism belong to Buddhist rather than Śaiva sources. This article examines the profound influence, in this respect, of the Buddhist "logico-epistemological school" on the Pratyabhijñā system. But it also shows that Utpaladeva and Abhinavagupta are not unknowingly or unwittingly influenced by their Buddhist opponents: they systematically emphasize this influence, thus taking full responsibility for appropriating their rivals' concepts. Moreover, they highlight their fundamental divergence regarding the way consciousness manifests a seemingly external and diverse universe, most notably by replacing the Vijñānavādins' traditional analogy: according to the Śaivas, perceived objects should not be compared to dreamt objects, but to yogins' creations.


This type of research is Research Action class (Classroom action Research). While  the techniques and data collection tool that is the test, and observations. Mathematical literacy ability test percentage of students on a cycle I was 63% to 82% in cycle II. With the amount of the percentage increase in the students' mathematical literacy ability tests of 19%, activity levels of students learning math increases, it is retrieved from the percentage of 63% levels of math learning activities cycle I, and 82% in cycle II rose to 19% and the ability to manage teacher learning percentage of 74% in cycle I and 94% in cycle II, with an increase of 20%, and the results of this study showed that the model of learning Problem Centered Learning (PCL) can improve mathematical literacy ability of the students in class X IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 West Angkola. Keywords: Problem Centered Learning (PCL) learning model, literacy


This is a review article of a recently published guide to the philosophy of language, Przewodnik po filozofii jezyka (J. Odrowąz-Sypniewska (ed.), Wydawnictwo WAM, Krakow 2016). The article presents this publication against a background of other monographs and guides devoted to the topic of the contemporary philosophy of language which have been published in English. It aims at highlighting the main issues discussed by this philosophy, as well as its relation to linguistics.


SEA Semester is a highly successful semester-length academic program, providing undergraduate students with an in-depth knowledge of the oceans. There are a number of structural, program design, and other educational considerations that have contributed to SEA Semester's success. Key among these is a rigorous interdisciplinary curriculum, an educational program that combines theoretical learning and practical experience, and an environment of focused learning and intense personal and team challenges. Many of these beneficial characteristics can be incorporated to advantage in both field-centered and more traditional college campus settings, leading to enriched student learning and success in a wide variety of geoscience, earth and environmental science, oceanography and other educational programs.


This paper analyzes the situation of experimental teaching in distance education,expounds the characteristics of scaffolding instruction and its application advantages of experimental teaching in distance education,explores the specific application of scaffolding instruction in experimental teaching of distance education course whose name is Computer Networks.


Thank you very much for reading art in ancient palestine selected studies. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this art in ancient palestine selected studies, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their computer. art in ancient palestine selected studies is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the art in ancient palestine selected studies is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Harrington rod instrumentation with spinal fusion has proven to be of great value in correcting idiopathic scoliosis-which is not only physically unattractive but a cardiorespiratory crippler as well. The author details the pre-and intra-operative anesthetic considerations necessary for these cases, emphasizing such areas as positioning, fluid and blood replacement, and obtaining adequate muscle relaxation. The scoliotic child who presents for surgical correction by Harrington rod-spinal fusion is a poorer risk patient than most pediatric patients we routinely work with. They require an extensive preoperative work-up by the orthopedist, pediatric staff, and anesthetist. Intraoperative care must be precise and detailed. The first hours of recovery and early postoperative care are critical. Postoperative complications are many and need to be watched for. The purpose of this article is to discuss the various aspects of anesthetic management for the scoliotic child, his pathology, his preoperative preparation, course of anesthesia, and early post-operative concerns. Pathophysiology The orthopedic deformity of sco-liosis has been described and treated for many years. Hibbs began surgical treatment for scoliosis in children around 1914, and became a leader in its correction .' The pathology is prevalent in pre-adolescents and adolescents, with females having a four-to-one greater incidence than males. Idiopathic scoliosis, as its name implies, has no known cause. One must treat the resultant lateral curvature in idiopathic scoliosis while the vertebral column is still undergoing growth as the curvature tends to progress quickly during periods of rapid growth. 2 Donaldson defines scoliosis as "any lateral curve, tilt, or angular deviation of one or more vertebral segments of the spine from the normal straight position ." Scoliosis can be viewed as either functional, that is, a condition that the patient can correct and maintain without intrinsic spinal involvement, or structural, that is, with intrinsic involvement of spinal segments. According to Cobbs' classification, structural scoliosis can be grouped as (1) osteopathic, (2) neuropathic, (3) myopathic, and (4) idiopathic. 8 Knowing the etiological factors in your patient's condition permits a quicker initial treatment whether it be frames, turnbuckle casts, body casts, or surgical instrumentation. It is beyond the focus of this article to go into detail on the various known etiologies, their impact on correctability, and courses of therapy in their amelioration.


Considering the uncertainty and complexity in actual decision-making environments,a grey target decisionmaking model with multi-objective,multi-index and multi-target situation is proposed.Firstly,the target evaluation values under corresponding situations are assembled as a combined effect value,which simplifies the complex multi-levers decisionmaking problem.Then,a new comprehensive target-eyes distance is proposed,which integrates the distance between the different situations to the positive and negative clouts.A non-linear optimization model is constructed to solve the optimal objective weights while taking the minimization of the comprehensive target-eyes distance as the objective function.Finally,an example of the green parts of a product supplier selection is studied to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the multi-objective grey target decision model based on the positive and negative clouts.


An insurance policy involves, in general, two parts: The insurance Company and the insured, who may be most of the times the same parson that's going to receive a compensation. In matters of the damage insurance, there's a law that says that the insurance contract will end if the thing that was insured, is no longer property of the parson who contracted at the beginning, not informing in the ten following days to the insurance company. The Insurable interest is the real deal at the moment an Insurance company has to pay, and in cases were the insurable risk Is the same or even less than before, and the new owner continues to achieve the obligations the first owner had, it shouldn't be an excuse for the company to reject the payment of a compensation.


Background: Pinopodes are suggested as biological markers of uterine receptivity, but their molecular components are unknown.
Objective: Co-expression of galectin-3 and ?v?3 integrin at human pinopodes has been examined in this study to propose a role for them during adhesion phase of embryo implantation.
Materials and Methods: Biopsies were obtained from early and mid luteal phase endometrium of 12 fertile women with regular menstrual periods (25-35 days) and the mean age of 37 years (range 25–45). Then, they were examined under light and scanning electron microscopy for detection and dating of pinopodes. Using immunofluorescent staining and immunogold electron microscopy, the expression of galectin-3 and ?v?3 integrin in human endometrium and pinopodes was detected. Further, statistical analysis was performed using immunogold electron microscopy to investigate the expression and subcellular distribution of these, before and during the frame of implantation window.
Results: The results demonstrated that pinopodes of luminal epithelial cells exhibited immunoreactivity for both galectin-3 and ?v?3 integrin, which was increased statistically significant (pl 0.05) at the time of implantation window. Furthermore, area-related distribution of these proteins was found higher in pinopodes compared to the neighboring apical membrane without pinopode.
Conclusion: Temporal and spatial expression of galectin-3 and ?v?3 integrin at pinopodes proposes a role for pinopodes in the adhesion of embryo and the involvement of galectin-3 as a binding partner of integrins in the human utero-fetal complex.


Putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.) and pacar kuku (Laswonia inermis L.) leaves can be used as diuretic agent. This research aimed to find out the diuretic effect of combination of putri malu and pacar kuku leaves ethanol extract as the effective dose on Wistar male rat. The tested animal used consisted of 35 rats, divided into 7 groups: furosemida positive control (1,44 mg/200 g BW), negative control CMC 0.5%, extract of putri malu leaves (20 mg/200 g BW), extract of pacar kuku leaves (50 mg/200 g BW), combination of putri malu and pacar kuku leaves ethanol extract (10 : 25 mg/200 g BW; 5 : 37,5 mg/200 g BW; 15 : 12,5 mg/200 g BW). Observation was conducted every hour for 6 hours, and then at 12 and 24 hours. The diuretic effect was obtained by estimating cumulative urine volume and AUC (Area Under The Curve). The data was processed using oneway variance analysis followed by Tukey HSD test. The result of research the combination of putri malu and pacar kuku leaves ethanol extract has a diuretic effect. The extract combination had diuretic effect higher than the single extract. The combination of putri malu and pacar kuku leaves ethanol extract dose of 5 mg/200 g BW : 37,5 mg/200 g BW and 15 mg/200 g BW : 12,5 mg/200 g BB had diuretic activity compatible to the positive control.


Your country knows that it is no light sacrifice that she demands of you … If you do not go willingly to-day, you and your children and your children's children may have to go unwillingly to wars even more terrible than this one. Recruiting advertisement, Daily Express , 10 February 1915 Spectators A cartoon in The Passing Show in June 1915 shows a young man about town, monocled and smoking a cigarette through an exaggerated holder, standing in front of a shop window. The window carries a poster of soldiers going into battle and, underneath, the slogan 'Don't stand looking at this, Come and Help.' The caption, referring to the young man, is: 'Who's looking?' It was a complicated joke. The poster exhorts the move from spectatorship to participation, yet the 'knut' is not even engaged as a spectator. The line between spectatorship and participation could be blurred. In May 1915, the weekly issued a heavily ironic 'Six don'ts for patriotic civilians'. Advice included: 'be phlegmatic … The Press Bureau will tell you when to get excited: till then forget there is a war on'; when troops go by, 'don't take your hat off … it is liable to distract attention from shop windows'; civilians shouldn't cheer: 'Cheering is only permissable at horse races, football matches, strike meetings and in the trenches'; civilians shouldn't go out 'without a plentiful supply of White Feathers'; they should 'cultivate an upright and military bearing', so that even if they were not in the volunteer reserve, people would think they were.


This article discusses the naming of German nationals recorded in historical documents of the largest Kėdainiai of the 16th–18th centuries, reflecting the unique characteristics of this anthroponymic system. Notably, a portion of German men have two given names and a surname.


In automotive development, electronic control units (ECUs) in test vehicles generate large amounts of data that need to be analyzed efficiently. Usually, this data is evaluated afterward in a data center (off-board). Due to increasing data volumes, it is becoming more challenging to analyze this data in a timely manner, as required by reports for further development. For this reason, additional on-board systems are used that analyze the data while the vehicle is in motion. These on-board systems usually do not have full access to all data of the vehicle and are also prone to errors, which leads to a lower quality of the systems. Therefore, the distribution of jobs must take into account both, the availability and the quality of the system. In this work, we develop the algorithm DQSflex, which optimizes the distribution of jobs and provides a flexible tradeoff between data quality and timeliness. We compare DQSflex against quality-based and deadline-based scheduling, which is currently used. Our simulations of systems with realistic workloads show that DQSflex offers the best compromise between data quality and timeliness. The presented algorithm helps to better meet the diverse requirements in data analysis for vehicle development.


TIME DEPENDENT TURBULENCE MODELING ANDANALYTICAL THEORIES OF TURBULENCER. RubinsteinInstitute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsionand Center for Modeling of Turbulence and TransitionNASA Lewis Research CenterCleveland, Ohio 44135AbstractBy simplifying the direct interaction approximation (DIA) for turbulent shear flow,time dependent formulas are derived for the Reynolds stresses which can be included in twoequation models. The Green's function is treated phenomenologically, however followingSmith and Yakhot (Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 4, 197 (1993)), we insist on the shortand long time limits required by DIA. For small strain rates, perturbative evaluationof the correlation function yields a time dependent theory which includes normal stresseffects in simple shear flows. From this standpoint, the phenomenological Launder-Reece-Rodi model is obtained by replacing the Green's function by its long time limit. Eddydamping corrections to short time behavior initiate too quickly in this model; in contrast,the present theory exhibits strong suppression of eddy damping at short times. A timedependent theory for large strain rates is proposed in which large scales are governedby rapid distortion theory while small scales are governed by Koimogorov inertial rangedynamics. At short times and large strain rates, the theory closely matches rapid distortiontheory, but at long times it relaxes to an eddy damping model.


Abstract The revitalization of mining dumps in the Silesian agglomeration is a very difficult and complex problem. It has a substantial impact on the concepts of sustainable urban development. Other than the key areas including people, the environment and the economy, revitalization also refers to spatial management, and thus to a significant improvement in the functioning conditions of the local cities' communities. The article describes an algorithm assessing the possibilities of revitalizing a mining dump by one of the Polska Grupa Górnicza's mines. With legal status and location taken into account, several potential scenarios had been proposed, out of which one was chosen based on the adopted criteria. The chosen scenario had been subjected to further assessment using analyses such as SWOT/TOWS, FMEA, and QFD. The analyses had been carried out in order to acquire more effective and meaningful assessments, having taken social and economic aspects into consideration. In effect of the carried out analysis a recreational scenario was proposed. The adopted solution shows that the mine can continue its work in accordance with the principle of sustainable development as well as apply the concept of corporate social responsibility.


Cases of blood cysts of the spleen are extremely rare on the operating table (Finkelstein could collect only 28 such cases from the literature), even more rare on the sectional table (only 3 cases in Finkelstein) and exquisite-rare, in the order of correct preliminary recognition.


A two-dimensional (2D) free-swimming tadpole model is built in this study using the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. The tadpole is developed by connecting a passive elliptical head with a beating tail. This developed tadpole is capable of controlling the tail swing amplitude to change the swimming speed and achieve the desired swimming direction by attaching an angle offset on the tail axis. The hydrodynamics of the proposed tadpole model in swimming is investigated by regulating the width of the confined space. To be specific, three points are summarized below. First, a lower swimming speed will be produced in a narrower channel under the identical swimming pattern. Second, under the effect of a slight swing strength, a small-scale disturbance is triggered to the surrounding fluid, and a small swimming speed will be generated. Third, a relatively small or excessive swimming speed adversely affects the stability of its swimming. Moreover, a perception-response strategy for the tadpole is further formulated to achieve its autonomous locomotion control. A virtual perceptive field is proposed as the visual range, which is conducive to implementing tadpole motion control based on a set of mechanical response rules. With the above-mentioned improvements, the tadpole can effectively achieve obstacle avoidance in sophisticated obstacle array environments and tracking sine curve routines. Accordingly, this study can provide a valuable reference for the theoretical design of underwater bionic tadpole-like robots.


It is shown that a triangular perturbation signal provides increased position-detection accuracy over that provided by a sinusoidal perturbation signal [1]. Triangular perturbation is applied to a two-element photosensor receptor, resulting in perfect position detection within the dimensions of the receptor. It is also shown that perfect position detection can be obtained over as large a range as desired by using a many-element zero-deadband one-dimensional receptor subjected to triangular perturbation.


The maintenance of physical and cognitive functioning and the avoidance of disease are associated with well-being and quality of life (QoL) in old age, as poor health can lead to loss of control, autonomy and independence1,2. Traditionally, outcomes of treatment have been evaluated in terms of mortality or symptoms, but a more important outcome measure may be the patient's perspective, as symptoms may improve in one area while overall quality of life decreases because of the negative effects of treatment3. The emergence of QoL as a fundamental measure for evaluating and monitoring health outcomes in old age is attributed to the ethical and economic concerns associated with the ageing population and the concomitant increase in chronic illness and disability. Birren and Dieckmann4 identify three main areas of concern associated with this increase: (i) the impact on health service resources and the potential financial burden anticipated; (ii) the intrusive use of medical technologies; and (iii) the QoL for people in institutions. In chronic illness, people can suffer from both the disability and the treatment5. Moreover, treatment can often result in limited gains in terms of survival, or absence of cure, which changes the balance as to acceptable side effects. Aggressive interventions may have therapeutic benefits that are overshadowed by the negative effects, thus leading to reduced QoL overall. Any detrimental impact on QoL needs to be weighed against the advantages offered through treatment6. It is the individual's perception that predicts whether they seek help, accept treatment or regard themselves to be well and recovered, and therefore, should be part of any outcome measures7. Thus, subjective health measures can be used to help provide a fuller picture of the individual's health state.


The aim of this research is to understand how Corporate Governance affects investor's reaction in capital market by profitability as a moderating variable. This research uses secondary data obtained from Indonesian Stock Exchange. Investor's reaction is measured by Cumulative Abnormal Return, which happened around the time of annual report publication. Corporate Governance are measured by Institutional ownership, ownership by board of commissioner, audite commite, and independent commissioner. Profitability as moderating variabel is measured by Return on Asset. This research was done to 25 companies which were listed in Indeks LQ 45 in Indonesian Stock Exchange during 20152016. Data analysis techniques used in this research are regresion analysis and moderated regresion analysis (MRA). The result shows that corporate governance (Institutional ownership, ownership by board of commissioner, audite commite, and independent commissioner) negatively affect Cumulative Abnormal Return. Profitability as a moderating variable was able to explain the relationship of corporate governance (ownership by board of commissioner and audite commite) affect significantly to Cumulative Abnormal Return partially. Corporate governance does not have any impact to Cumulative Abnormal Return value, because of the implementation of corporate governance in Indonesia is not provide optimum results mean while in the process of considering corporate governance practices take time to know the benefits.


Here we derive the uniformly minimum variance unbiased (best) estimator and a strongly consistent, asymptotically normal, unbiased estimator of each of Gini index and Yntema-Pietra index of lognormal distribution . These estimators are in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions 1F2. Further, the variances of these estimators and the best estimators of variances of best estimators are found out. They are in terms of Kempe de Feriet's hypergeometric functions.


To provide the research community as well as the general public with easy access to the extensive information about transporters, web-based databases have been created. These include the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) (http://www.tcdb.org) which classifies transport proteins based on both function and phylogeny, and the TransportDB Database (http://www.membranetransport.org/) which surveys fully sequenced genomes for genes encoding transport proteins. In the latter database, the transporter profiles of each sequenced organism are available to view, search, compare, and download in an easy-to-navigate format. Extensive links and references are also provided on the site. This is the only active database dedicated to the comprehensive, comparative study of membrane transporters in different organisms with fully sequenced genomes. In the former database (TCDB), over 400 families of transporters are described, and functional data for representative wellcharacterized members of these families are provided. When possible, these families have been grouped into superfamilies that define the evolutionary relationships between individual families. Web-based search tools and useful bioinformatic software packages render TCDB user-friendly. There is also a major section devoted to poorly characterized families of transport or putative transport proteins where more studies are needed. TCDB and TransportDB are tremendous resources both for research scientists and for students and their teachers. Thousands of researchers visit these databases on the web regularly and have applied the information provided to their research efforts. The availability of these databases has inspired numerous laboratory studies on membrane transporters, promoting the rapid expansion of this area of research. Membrane transporters are the cell's equivalent of delivery vehicles, garbage disposals, and communication systems – proteins that span the cell membrane and form an intricate system of pumps and channels through which they deliver essential nutrients, eject waste products, and assist the cell to sense environmental conditions. Membrane transport systems play indispensable roles in the fundamental cellular processes of all organisms. Knowledge of the suite of transporters present in an organism sheds light on its lifestyle and physiological adaptations. Until recently, analyses of membrane transporters have been limited primarily to the examination of transporter genes in individual organisms. However, with the advent of the genomics era, comprehensive bioinformatic comparisons of predicted membrane transporters across a range of organisms in all three domains of life have become possible. New computational application of the phylogenetic profiling approach to cluster organisms together that appear to have similar suites of transporters provides an even more recent advance. For example, obligate intracellular pathogens and endosymbionts possess limited numbers of transport systems in spite of the massive metabolite fluxes one would expect between the pathogens or symbionts and their hosts. This is believed to be due to the relatively static nature of their intracellular environments which require minimal degrees of adaptation, particularly to stress conditions. Limited types of nutrients need to be taken up, which are provided by the host in nearly constant amounts. Because the host provides a homeostatic home, the bacteria can streamline their genomes and eliminate excess baggage. The consequence is a bacterium that can live only in one or a few host organisms.


The article discusses the nature of the EU's political conditionality in the Western Balkans, and the effort of the EU to manage the diversity of bilateral agreements in a small space with a mixed record of compliance. The Western Balkan region reveals special trends in the EU's handling of the strategy of political conditionality, and some creeping contradictions and dangers are beginning to reveal the changing nature and the limits of conditionality. More specifically, the EU (a) is adding further, yet necessary, political conditions and criteria to weaker or more reluctant partners and emphasizes the 'journey' rather than the outcome of accession, affecting the credibility of the strategy; (b) is blending together normative, functional and realpolitik claims in the choice of its conditions, affecting the clarity of its intentions; (c) is pursuing, in some cases, a rigorous assessment of compliance and, in other cases, a more adaptable and pragmatic assessment, affecting the consistency of the process. These Western Balkan trends are bound to become more pertinent in future cases, as the EU gets more involved with other more difficult states in its eastern and southern periphery, and where the carrot of membership will be either very distant or irrelevant.


Time dispersion is one of the most important characteristics of the wireless channel. The knowledge about the time dispersion of a channel can be used for designing better systems which can adapt themselves to the changing nature of the transmission medium. In this paper, algorithms for estimating the time dispersion (frequency selectivity) of the channel, which use the frequency domain channel estimates or the frequency domain received signal, are proposed. The proposed algorithms first estimate the power delay profile (PDP) from which the two important dispersion parameters, namely root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread and maximum excess delay of the channel, are estimated. It is shown that synchronization errors bias the performance of the estimators based on the channel correlation, and this bias is removed by obtaining the PDP using the magnitude of the channel estimates. The performances of the proposed algorithms are evaluated using computer simulations


It needed the calculation of the required tugboat's power to move the damaged vessel to the safe area for reducing the additional damages. In this paper, it was verified the theoretical calculation method on the required power of tugboat through the 93m real ship tests. From the experiments, it was considered that the theoretical calculation method was sufficient to estimate the required power of tugboat. The resistance of the locked propeller was relatively big portions compared with other static resistances such as air resistance, frictional resistance and residual resistance. And dynamic resistance induced by swing movement and yawing was continuously occurred and it also was great effects on the total resistance. In the future, the safety factor will be considered and the exact prediction of ship's resistance will enhance the efficiency of tugboat because of the minimization of safety factor.


Environmental problems have been considered as a serious situation in Hong Kong, in which waste management is pressing harder in comparing with the practices of air, water and noise pollution. Reuse, recycling and reduce the construction materials has been encouraged for many years; however, it is still not used for many construction site activities. In motivating the construction workers to implement the reusing, recycling and reducing construction materials, reward scheme is used for measuring the results in the implementation and encouraging the practices of it. Furthermore, with the proposing landfill-charging scheme for the construction environment, contractors will push to reduce the waste generated by training and education. This paper examines the cost benefit for the organization, in which to encourage the workers by Stepwise Incentive System (SIS) for measuring the cost saving on purchasing material and waste generation. The procedures in the SIS will be provided. In order to verify the wastage reduction after adopting SIS, a local case study is undertaken. It proved that SIS can help reduce wastage generation up to 23.60%. Some difficulties and recommendations had also been suggested.


0.995(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.005 BiMeO3 (Me = Mn, Ga, In, Y, Yb) were successfully prepared by conventional ceramic processing. The effects of low BiMeO3 concentration on crystal structure, dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of the KNN based ceramics were evaluated. The results show that by adding BiMnO3, BiGaO3, and BiInO3 to KNN the structure of the samples showed the orthorhombic phases as the pure KNN. However, by adding BiYO3 or BiYbO3 to KNN a different structure was observed. Adding BiMeO3 to KNN caused the variations of two phase transitions at Tt–o (the temperature at which the phase transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal occurs) and Tc (the Curie temperature). And the variations of P-E loops showed the different effects of BiMeO3 on ferroelectric properties.


This chapter reports a Spanish-American telecollaborative project through which students created blogs, VoiceThread presentations, and video chats for intercultural exchanges over the course of one semester. The chapter outlines the methodology for the project including pedagogical objectives, task design, selection of Web 2.0 tools, and implementation. Using qualitative data collection, the study explored the extent to which Web 2.0-mediated learning could contribute to learners' intercultural communicate competence (ICC) development. The findings revealed that students exhibited the skills outlined in Byram's ICC model. Students showed positive attitudes and curiosity towards the target culture, and gained new cultural knowledge. They also demonstrated skills of discovery and interaction that helped them build critical cultural awareness. The study suggests that learners' ICC can be assessed by the implementation of a well-designed telecollaborative exchange using Web 2.0 technologies.


Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/kerosene is a prospective bipropellant due to its high-energy content, high storage density, and environmentally benign properties. The possibility of making it hypergolic renders this option even more attracting. Self-ignitable H2O2/kerosene bipropellants were prepared by combining different candidate catalysts and promoters. Preliminary screening evaluations were conducted by using a dropping-test method. Propulsive performances of the combinations having passed satisfying dropping-test requirements were then investigated on a specially designed thrust engine. The results revealed that short ignition delay and reliable propulsion performances could be acquired in both steady-state and pulse-mode operations, and the combination of kerosene with additives and H2O2 of 90% concentration could still have good performances after 3 months storage time. It is expected that the combination of H2O2 and kerosene can be an efficacious alternative for storable toxic propellants used currently.


For particulate surfaces the slope of photometric phase curves must be zero at zero phase angle, otherwise the Maxwell equations are violated. In experiments such surfaces usually reveal sharp opposition spikes; however, we found samples that show tendency to have rounded phase functions. We also show that blocking of reciprocal trajectories at coherent backscattering could influence the rounding.


This paper analyzes the structure of post-deregulation contracting in the trucking industry from a transactions-cost perspective, focusing on the effects of frequent transactions, specific investment, and rate uncertainty. Contrasting the "filed rate doctrine" and "negotiated rates policy," it examines the "undercharge crisis" and the impact of the Supreme Court's ruling in Maislin v. Primary Steel. The paper concludes that Maislin failed dramatically to eliminate rate uncertainty, but despite the impassioned protests of shippers, the decision reduced only slightly the incentive for them to enter into long-term freight contracts.


ONE OF THE classrooms I regularly teach in has a document camera or an "Elmo" as they are often called. Teachers in my graduate classes often say how much they would like to have a document camera in their classrooms. Since such a camera typically costs about $800, it is unlikely that many teachers will have their wish come true. However, there is a simple solution: just make your own. A document camera is nothing more than a video camera mounted on a special stand, often with lights mounted on the side. My experience with document cameras leads me to believe that most of them feature very cheap cameras. That's why they need such good lights: the cameras are not made to work in low-light situations like most higher-quality cameras. Thus all you really need to make your own document camera is a stand and a camera. Of course, you also need a television to display the output. Most photographic studios, whether amateur or professional, have copy stands. Photographers mount a camera on a copy stand to take pictures of something placed on the stand's baseboard, such as an antique portrait or a small object. Doing a quick search of the Internet, I found a workable copy stand without lights for $52.50 (www.adorama.com/CECS1.html). Since I happened to have an old copy stand in storage, I decided to use it instead of a new one for my research on this column. Once you have obtained a copy stand, the second task you face in creating your own Elmo is to find a video camera that can be mounted on it. If you have a digital still camera and the "video out" cable that came with it, you can use that. Incidentally, the "video out" wire usually has a yellow end. You will probably also need to get a long extension cable with a male and female RCA jack on it so you can reach your classroom TV. You should plug this cable into the "video in" jack on the back of your classroom TV. If your TV doesn't have such an input, you can plug the cable from the camera into the "video in" jack on the back of your VCR. Remember to read your camera's instruction manual because there might be a button or setting you need to use for "video out." Generally speaking, it's best to connect the video cable to your camera before you turn on the camera. The only real drawback to using a digital still camera on a copy stand is that you will be running on batteries unless you have, or purchase, an AC power supply for your camera. An alternative to using a digital still camera is using an old video camera or camcorder. Camcorders have two main systems: the video camera and the video recorder/player. Since the recorder part is a mechanical device, it usually breaks before the video camera section does. Thus many broken cameras will still do the job, and you can probably get one for free from a local VCR/television repair store. The photo shows my old copy stand with a digital still camera mounted on it. The rig works better than most document cameras in the building since the resolution on a still camera is a great deal higher than that on a motion video camera. Using the macro or close-up setting on the camera lets you focus on objects as small as a deck of cards or a quarter. There are dozens of uses for a document camera in pre-K-12 classrooms. For example, little books can become big books. You will no longer have to make transparencies, since print on paper projects nicely. And document cameras are particularly useful when teaching science, since small apparatus and demonstrations can be enlarged to fill the television screen. A friend recently told me of a unique use of a video camera connected to a classroom television. It seems the enterprising teacher attached a large beanbag to the underside of her small video camera with Velcro(r). She then placed the camera on her shoulder and aimed it at the book she was reading to the class, providing a "bird's-eye" view of the reading process. You can probably get about the same results by mounting the camera on a tripod placed just behind your shoulder. …


. We study the decay of connectivity of the subcritical excursion sets of a class of strongly correlated Gaussian fields. Our main result shows that, for smooth isotropic Gaussian fields whose covariance kernel K ( x ) is regularly varying at infinity with index α ∈ [0 , 1), the probability that { f ≤ ℓ } , ℓ < ℓ c , connects the origin to distance R decays sub-exponentially in R at log-asymptotic rate c α ( ℓ c − ℓ ) 2 /K ( R ) for an explicit c α > 0. If α = 1 and R ∞ 0 K ( x ) dx = ∞ then the log-asymptotic rate is c 1 ( ℓ c − ℓ ) 2 R ( R R 0 K ( x ) dx ) − 1 , and if α > 1 the decay is exponential. Our findings extend recent results on the Gaussian free field (GFF) on Z d , d ≥ 3, and can be interpreted as showing that the subcritical behaviour of the GFF is universal among fields with covariance K ( x ) ∼ c | x | d − 2 . Our result is also evidence in support of physicists' predictions that the correlation length exponent is ν = 2 /α if α ≤ 1, and in d = 2 we establish rigorously that ν ≥ 2 /α . More generally, our approach opens the door to the large deviation analysis of a wide variety of percolation events for smooth Gaussian fields. This is the first in a series of two papers studying subcritical level-set percolation of strongly correlated Gaussian fields, which can be read independently.


The new species Paraclius japonensis sp. n. and Paraclius variegatus sp. n. from Japan are described. An identification key to all species of the genus Paraclius for Palaearctic region is also presented. Paraclius argenteus Negrobov, 1984 is indicated for the first time for Japan. Резюме. Описаны новые виды из Японии: Paraclius


One of the most important challenges of African countries is the effective use of information and communication technologies and its generalization in the different sectors (education, economic, political, and so on). This will have a great impact on different aspects of society and economic activities by making everyday procedures easier and more efficient. In this same context, we are interested in this article by the proposition of a decision support framework based on the use of data mining (DM) techniques. Using DM in e‐government is the process of translating data to appropriate knowledge which can be useful for decision‐making. We propose a framework whose goal is the generation of association rules (ARs) for better decision‐making. This framework includes two approaches: (1) the first approach applies different DM algorithms and (2) the second approach optimizes the first one by considering two different metaheuristics: the Genetic algorithm and the Cuckoo search algorithm. A new relevance measure called "Weighted Dominance" has been considered to evaluate the quality of the generated ARs. Extensive experiments have been conducted using different datasets. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of combining DM and optimization algorithms compared to the first approach. Finally, a case study related to an Algerian mobile phone company has been presented illustrating the use of our framework in the decision‐making process.


Charged D* mesons produced in e + e - annihilation at a center-of-mass energy of 29 GeV have been studied with the DELCO detector at the PEP storage ring. The selection criteria of D* candidates exploit the π/K separation capability in the momentum range from 2.6 GeV/c to 9.2 Ge VIc provided by the gas Cerenkov counter. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 147 pb -1 . We have measured the total production cross section of D* ± to be [0.16±0.02(statistical)±0.02(systematic)] nb [x ≡ P D* /(E 2 beam -M 2 D* ) 1/2 > 0.35], and (0.18 ± 0.02 ± 0.03) nb (x > 0) if the contribution from bottom quarks is subtracted. The branching fractions used are Br(D* + → D 0 π + ) = 64% and Br(D 0 → K - π + ) = 3%. The systematic errors due to the branching ratios are not included in the errors. With Br(D 0 → K - π + ) = 4.9%, which is a recent measurement by the MARK III group, the above two cross sections become 0.10±0.02±0.02 nb (x > 0.35) and 0.11±0.02±0.02 nb (x > 0 and after the subtraction of the contribution from b quarks). The charm fragmentation function is harder than that for light quarks, and the shape is found to be consistent with the prediction of the string model with a uniform string-breaking probability. Assuming the string model, the string-breaking probability is determined to be (0.019 ± 0.05 ± 0.09) GeV 2 . We have also determined the lifetime of D 0 meson which is detected in the D* decay, with the result τ D 0 = (5.3 ± 1.7 +0.6 -0.5 ) x 10 -13 sec. Together with the semileptonic branching fraction of D 0 measured elsewhere, the semileptonic decay rate of D 0 is estimated to be (1.4 ± 0.5) x 10 11 sec -1 , which corresponds to an effective charm quark mass of (1.54 ± 0.12) GeV/c 2 . Using part of the D* candidates, we have set an upper limit on D 0 -D 0 mixing: r ≡ P(D 0 → D 0 )/P(D 0 → D 0 or D 0 )


The purpose of the present study was to compare different contexts of distance assessment (virtual room vs. real room) at the level of perception of distances. It was also evaluated the fact of the presence (or not) of a virtual hand in the scenario of virtual reality in the feeling of presence. Thirty-six individuals (11 women and 25 men) were studied. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the perception of distances. The presence of a virtual hand negatively influences the feeling of presence in virtual contexts. We conclude that the use of virtual reality is an adequate means to train the perepcao / assessment of distances.


This paper presents a research on the bond anchorage mechanism of reinforced bar in mortar and the changes of the internal force of reinforced bar along the anchor length,in order to determine the anchor length of reinforced bar in the horizontal mortar joint of concrete porous bricks.By using the pull-out tests on 17 specimens and 51 reinforced bars and by changing one of the parameters while fixing the rest,this paper aims to analyze the impact of factors such as the diameter of reinforced bar,vertical normal stress,the intensity of mortar,the buried length of reinforced bar on the results of the tests.With the increase of normal stress,the length of boundary anchor becomes shorter gradually.When normal stress is 0,the length of the boundary anchor becomes longest,and its value is 390mm.Therefore,we suggest that the length of the reinforced bar in anchor in an actual project should be 400mm.The bonding strength of the reinforced bar in the horizontal mortar joint of concrete porous bricks drops greater than that of solid clay brick,which verifies that the length of masonry reinforced anchor is not suitable for concrete porous brick masonry structure in current regulations.


Aim of This paper Performance Analysis of controllers such as PID controller, fuzzy logic controller and G.A based PID for speed control of DC motor. Simulation results have established that the use of Self Tuned fuzzy logic and GA-PID results in a good dynamic behaviour of the DC motor, a great speed tracking with lowest overshoot, gives better performance and high forcefulness than those obtained by use of the other controller. The DC motor is broadly used in many applications like steel mills, electric trains, cranes and much more. In this paper a separately excited dc motor using MATLAB modelling has been outlined whose velocity might be examined utilizing the Proportional, Integral, Derivative (KP, KI , KD) addition of the PID controller. Since, established controllers PID are neglecting to control the drive when weight parameters be likewise changed The principle point of this paper is to dissect the execution of Optimization techniques viz. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) for improve PID controllers parameters for speed control of DC motor and list their points of interest over the traditional tuning strategies. The output speed error and its derivative as feedback damping signals. Through this simulation the performance of the GA-PID is compared with that of the Fuzzy Logic controller. The GA-PID optimized but FLC gives better performance in terms of delay time, peak time, steady state error.


A moment in the auto/biographical enterprise Judith Lütge Coullie, Stephan Meyer, Thengani H Ngwenya and Thomas Olver (eds). (2006) Selves in Question: Interviews on Southern African Auto/biography. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.


SCCS survey was done among 1000 college students.There were extreme difference in total scores of self consistency and congruence,self flexibility and self stereotype between volunteers and nonvolunteers of college students.The result showed the self consistency and congruence level of the 69.1% volunteers and 75.3% nonvolunteers was in the middle;the self consistency and congruence level of the volunteers and nonvolunteers from different backgrounds also varied a lot;the level of the female students was higher than that of the male students in self consistency and congruence.


Consumers are living within a media saturated environment, which limits the effectiveness of advertising. This has led to advertising clutter, most prevalent in traditional mass media. The advertising clutter has resulted in marketers moving their advertising focus toward less cluttered mediums, such as mobile advertising. Mobile advertising allows companies to specifically target the right consumers by looking at age, gender and geographic regions etc. Being able to advertise to such a specified target group is an advantage for companies, however the question remaining is how consumers perceive this form of specific targeting advertising. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the customers' attitudes toward mobile advertising and factors affecting their attitudes .Quantitative data has been collected through a questionnaire. The statements used in the questionnaire are based on previous studies and theories. The data retrieved through the questionnaire has been analyzed using SPSS and Amos. findings shows attitude towards advertising has great impact on attitude towards mobile advertising.


The Turkestano-Siberian Railroad, or Turksib, was one of the great construction projects of the Soviet Union s First Five-Year Plan. As the major icon to ending the economic "backwardness" of the USSR s minority republics, it stood apart from similar efforts as one of the most potent metaphors for the creation of a unified socialist nation. Built between December 1926 and January 1931 by nearly 50,000 workers and at a cost of more 161 million rubles, Turksib embodied the Bolsheviks commitment to end ethnic inequality and promote cultural revolution in one the far-flung corners of the old Tsarist Empire, Kazakhstan. Trumpeted as the "forge of the Kazakh proletariat," the railroad was to create a native working class, bringing not only trains to the steppes, but also the Revolution. In the first in-depth study of this grand project, Matthew Payne explores the transformation of its builders in Turksib s crucible of class war, race riots, state purges, and the brutal struggle of everyday life. In the battle for the souls of the nation s engineers, as well as the racial and ethnic conflicts that swirled, far from Moscow, around Stalin s vast campaign of industrialization, he finds a microcosm of the early Soviet Union."


Abstract An examination of the role of history in the South China Sea is dangerous ground. Contemporary discussions about sovereignty and jurisdictions in the Sea have become so politicized as to obscure historical insights. This essay considers the role of history in the South China Sea through the lens of three recent works on maritime Asia. While the Robert Kaplan's 2014 book offers an abstract account of rising states and ancient rivalries, the two other works by Bill Hayton and Bernard Cole offer more compelling explanations of the role of human agency in shaping the region's claims. The comparison of these works yields a commentary on the South China Sea disputes, and on the methodologies employed by those who study this consequential sub-region and its maritime past.


Abstract Data are presented on the influence of histologic grading on prognosis in 946 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth and pharynx. Relationships are shown between the tumor grade and the site of the primary lesion, the stage of disease, node involvement, and prognosis. Histologic grading of epidermoid carcinoma in this region is a factor to be weighed in planning therapy.


The effects of moisture sorption on physical properties of native and cross-linked starch films in the glassy state were studied. Water played a dual role as a plasticizer or an antiplasticizer, depending on the physical property measured. Plasticizing effects were clearly evident in the case of the calorimetric glass transition tempera- ture (T g ), tensile modulus, linear expansion, and water vapor permeability. In contrast, antiplasticization by water resulted in maxima in tensile strength, strain-at-break, and toughness of films that were observed at an intermedi- ate moisture content ranging from 4% to 8% (RVP 0.1 to 0.4). The seemingly contradictory effects of water on me- chanical properties associated with lower and higher deformation of starch films were reconciled by assigning dif- ferent roles to water operating primarily via opposite entropic/free volume effects. Relationships, if any, between


Context: Plant based antimicrobial represent a vast untapped source for medicines and further exploration of plant antimicrobial neeto occur. Evolvulus alsinoides (L) (Convolvulaceae) is a perennial herb is used in traditional medicine in East Asia, India, Africa and Philippines to cure fever, cough, cold, venereal diseases, azoospermia, adenitis and dementia. Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. alsinoides on some clinical microbial isolates. Materials and Methods: The ed thanolic and aqueous extracts of the whole plant (leaves and twigs) were analysed for alkanoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oil and resins. The determination of antibacterial activity was done using the agar well diffusion technique. Pure cultures of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus leutus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were used for antibacterial activity assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results : The ethanolic extract of the plant had MIC values ranging from 16 mg/ml to 512.5 mg/ml. The least MIC was 16mg -ml against Salmonella typhi while Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest MIC of 512.5 mg -ml . In the aqueous extract the MIC ranged between 512.5 to >1025 mg/ml. Salmonella typhi, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were not inhibited by the water extract. Phytochemical result showed ethanol to be a better solvent for the extraction of the bioactive agents in this plant which include: glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and volatile oil. Conclusion : In this study the gram-negative organisms had the lowest MICs and MBCs. This suggests their higher susceptibility to the extract of this plant. On the basis of the result obtained in this investigation it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Evolvulus alsinoides had significant in vitro broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Keywords : Evolvulus alsinoides; Phytochemical screening; Antibacterial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8769 JBS 2010; 18(0): 16-20


From the end of the 1980's at the beginning of the 1990's, the industrial sector located on the ABC Paulista has faced important changes resulting from the international crisis that affects the country by then and from the restructuration process of the industrial park region. This restructuration resulted in relevant changes concerning the ways of production organization and the adoption of new technologies reducing the rate of employment, forcing the region to suit itself to a new reality. The closing down of factories and the transfer of some of them to other places of the country (where the workers were cheaper and their unions not so active) worsened the unemployment, which had already started to worry the local government and the unions. The crisis caused by the industrial restructuration demanded changes in the ABC Paulista Metalworkers Union's way of acting. This had to be adapted to the new rules imposed by the market, the ones originated with the internationalization of the economy. This way, the union seeks to reformulate the strategies of action, its approach and goals. Its main point turns to the employment maintenance, the creation of new jobs and the efforts to minimize the high level of unemployment. The actions of this union concerning both life and work quality, and the employment maintenance can be observed through the politics developed during this period. The main strategy ceases to be the real fights and gives place to careful actions, and the negotiations with the businessmen and with the State become a plausible alternative. This article's objective is to propose a reflection about the measures adopted by the ABC Paulista Metalworkers Union during the 1990's in order to avoid the economical crisis that brought consequences not only to the ABC region, but to the whole national scenario as well.


This article analyzes the depictions disability embodies in the fantasy film series Star Wars. Fantasy as a genre is able to re-present our past and present values through visionary forms and can act as a mirror to the society that creates the image. Fantasy is powerful as it enables films the ability to conceptualize realistic viewpoints and current day culture in their images and themes. In terms of Disability Studies, fantasy plays a critical role in the analysis of disability representation since fantasy is known for exploiting and transforming disabilities into Sharon L. Snyder and David T. Mitchell's "narrative prostheses." Once transformed, disability is used for its representational power rather than its true nature. Utilizing Roland Barthes's research on myth-making and Martin F. Norden's established disability archetypes, I discuss the varying portrayals disabilities have throughout the disability-laden series Star Wars. I discuss how disability portrayals rely on archetypes such as Norden's "Obsessive Avenger," the myth formation of disability as related to a sliding scale for evil, and as a symbolic connection to themes pertaining to technology's dehumanizing effects on humans. However, I also discuss the standalone Star Wars film Rogue One which diverges in portrayals through its exploration of Tobin Siebers's theory of complex embodiment. These films can act as a larger metaphor for films with disabilities today: taking steps when it comes to the improvement of disability representations, yet still behaving as perpetrators of long-held stereotypes and archetypes.


Pregnancy-associated malaria remains a major risk to the pregnant woman, her foetus and infants in sub- Saharan Africa. Infection by Plasmodium falciparum significantly affects maternal, foetal and neonatal wellbeing. Maternal anaemia, low birth weight, preterm labour, spontaneous abortion, and maternal and neonatal mortalities are some of its consequences. It complicates maternal immunological response and possibly also selfishly pre-empt foetal immunological response by transplacental communications. Therefore, the impacts may extend well beyond the duration of pregnancy and the immediate period post-delivery. Effective case management and prevention continue to yield positive results, but challenges still remains especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The challenges of antenatal service provision, compliance with intermittent preventive treatment at pregnancy by sulfadoxinepyrimethamine (IPTp-SP), widespread SP resistance, and resistance to insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and insecticides continue to complicate efforts at PAM control in sub-Saharan Africa. Hopefully, the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030 will comprehensively consider these challenges and improve the prospect of every pregnant woman in sub-Saharan Africa.


The histiocytic syndromes are a rare and poorly understood group of diseases. They comprise a heterogeneous group of benign and neoplastic conditions, which are linked by the fact that the primary cell is of histiocytic or antigen presenting cell origin. Until recently, the classiŽ cation of the histiocytic syndromes was totally random, which added to the confusion about the syndromes. In 1987, the Writing Group of the Histiocyte Society published a new classiŽ cation of the histiocytic disorders that is now widely accepted and used. Nonetheless, the class II histiocytic disorders remain a confusing group of disparate or sometimes interrelated conditions. This book represents a wonderful pictorial display of the histiocytic syndromes, showing both common and rare presentations of the diseases and with illustrations of many of the very rare histiocytoses which the general dermatologist would only very occasionally see. It is disappointing that the nomenclature used in the book is outdated. In Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, the disease is still divided into Letterer Siwe disease, Hand Schuller Christian disease and Eosinophilic granuloma with no real attempt to use the modern classiŽ cation of single-system disease, multi-system disease and multisystem disease with organ dysfunction. The management of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is also rather confusing. The photographs of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis are, however, extremely good and demonstrate the spectrum of presentation of this condition in the skin. All the important histiocytoses are described in the book, with good chapters on juvenile xanthogranuloma, generalized eruptive histiocytosis, benign cephalic histiocytosis, xanthomata disseminatum, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, Rosai–Dorphman syndrome and reticulohistiocytosis. The major strength of the book is the wonderful illustrations of these rare diseases, which are of good quality and show the full spectrum of disease presentation. There is no attempt in the book to try to reclassify the histiocytic syndromes or to group them according to histological similarities. It is certainly mentioned in the text that some authors have suggested a close relationship between juvenile xanthogranuloma, generalized eruptive histiocytosis, benign cephalic histiocytosis and xanthomata disseminatum, but there has been no attempt in this book to develop the theory further. This book is an important atlas of the histiocytic syndromes and thus represents an invaluable resource for the dermatologist and paediatrician. It is certainly worth adding to the dermatology library for its clinical descriptions and illustrations of the diseases. This is not, however, a seminal work on the histiocytic disorders and it does little to remove the confusion about these diseases.


The revised edge-Szeged index of a connected graph $G$ is defined as Sze*(G)=∑e=uv∊E(G)( (mu(e|G)+(m0(e|G)/2)(mv(e|G)+(m0(e|G)/2) ), where mu(e|G), mv(e|G) and m0(e|G) are, respectively, the number of edges of G lying closer to vertex u than to vertex v, the number of edges of G lying closer to vertex v than to vertex u, and the number of edges equidistant to u and v. In this paper, we give an effective method for computing the revised edge-Szeged index of unicyclic graphs and using this result we identify the minimum revised edge-Szeged index of conjugated unicyclic graphs (i.e., unicyclic graphs with a perfect matching). We also give a method of calculating revised edge-Szeged index of the joint graph.


In the recent years, there is growing concern regarding the nutritive value of foods and to nourish the ever increasing population and the inadequacy of essential nutrients can be improved through fortifications. The findings from various studies revealed that content of minerals in plant foods can be altered by the application of fertilizers to the soil by balancing the with micronutrients. Although iodine is not essential element to plant, but iodine is an important essential micronutrient element for human being and animals. If require for synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxins and triiodothyroxin which are iodinated molecules of the amino acid tyrosine. The thyroid hormones regulate a variety of important physiological processes including cellular oxidation and protein synthesis in all cells. Iodine deficiency results in thyroid dysfunction, indicated by condition known as goiter in human being. In women it deficiency leads to pregnancy wastage in the form of abortion or still birth and in new born baby as mental deficiency and dwarfism. Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) constitutes a major nutrition deficiency disorder in India.


Filament winding pattern plays a key role in computer-aided filament winding, unfortunately there is no reliable method for non-axisymmetric filament winding pattern design. In addition, a substantial amount of data storage is an obstacle to non-axisymmetric filament winding. A filament winding pattern for elbows and a new data processing method are presented in this paper.


One who reads at all widely on education frequently encounters conjectures as to the recent growth and the present status of the junior college. The estimates usually pertain to the number of units of this new organization in operation, their enrolment, and the like. Some of the estimates are wild indeed, and few, if any, are based on actual recent counts. If one is to predict the future organization of American education and the place of the junior college in it, it is desirable from time to time to take some kind of inventory of the movement. It is the purpose of this article to report simply and briefly on the recent growth and the present extent of the movement. The materials reported have been drawn from two studies of the extent of the junior-college movement, one made for and during the year 1922' and the other for and during the year 1927. Thus, the data at hand apply to periods five years apart. In order to keep the data on comparable bases, the later study was made by methods as nearly identical with those used in the first study as possible. Essential elements in the procedures were (i) inquiries aiming to locate all junior colleges in operation and (2) inquiries to all junior colleges as to dates of establishment, enrolment by year and sex, auspices of control, etc. Inquiries of the first type were sent to all state departments of education, all state universities, and all junior colleges already on lists kept by the writer and secured in various ways. All three of these sources aided in the discovery of junior colleges recently organized. Wherever necessary to secure a response, second and third inquiries of the second type were sent to institutions not answering the first request. Even the third request did not elicit re-


In order for model-driven engineering to succeed, automated code generation from models through model transformations has to guarantee that extra-functional properties modelled at design level are ...


Pyridine and its derivatives are important compounds with tremendous applications. Pyridine derivatives, such as aminopyridine, have been widely investigated concerning their biological activity. It is reported that generally biological activities of the compound increased after complexation. Tetrakis-2-amino-5-methylpyridinecopper(II) chloride pentahydrate has been synthesized facilely in less than five minutes. It was formed by mixing CuCl2-2H2O and 2-amino-5-methylpyridine in 1:4 mole ratio in ethanol at room temperature. The complex was characterized to determine its proposed empirical formula and the structure. The forming of the complex was indicated by shifting of maximum wavelength (Amax) of UV-Vis spectra towards smaller than CuCl2-2H2O from 850 nm to 675 nm. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) measurement showed the content of copper to be 9.63 % corresponding to the theoretical value of copper content in Cu(2-amino-5-methylpyridine)4Cl2(H2O)x (x= 4, 5, or 6). Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA-DSC) showed a mass reduction of 13.02 % which was equivalent to the evaporation of five molecules of lattice water. The cation and anion charge ratio of the complex was 2:1. This four coordinated-complex was paramagnetic with an effective magnetic moment of 1.83 BM. The proposed empirical formula of the complex was [Cu(2-amino-5-methylpyridine)4]Cl2-5H2O.


In vivo utilization of the renotropic substrate alphaketoglutarate (α-Kg) is associated with a high RQ and augments the glutamate pool. The glutamate pool influences glutaminase-I activity and NH4 production. In vitro studies show that α-Kg may contribute to titratable acid (TA) formation, and to reneal gluconeogenesis (RGP). RGP has been coupled with ammoniagenesis. The present studies in man demonstrate that these several processes may be interelated through metabolism of α-Kg. Trans-renal extractions of α-Kg, glucose, oxygen and PAH with measurementz of inulin and PAH clearances, Na, NH4 + and TA excretions were measured in 6 children with acyanotic congenital heart defects and 4 children with normal renal functions, recovering from glomerulonephritis, during an infusion of Na α-Kg. The urinary pH rose from 5.2 to 6.1. α-Kg infusion increased RGP, fract ional Na reabsorption (RNa), and TA, but decreased NH4 + excretion. Statistically significant correlations were found for renal α-Kg utilization directly with RGP, RNa, QO2 and, inversely, with NH4 + excretion. RGP also was inversely correlated with NH4 + excretion. QO2 was correlated with RNa, but could account for only 60-80% of α-Kg utilized. Increased RNa was associated with increased glucose utilization. These observations indicate that the renal concentration and metabolism of α-Kg might regulate pathways leading to urinary acidification of Na reabosrption, as well as to RGP. The latter may be a metabolic control device for Na reabsorption. (Supported by NIH grant HD 168-03,04.).


An analog circuit design problem typically has many
acceptable solutions. However, within the very broad design space,
there will usually exist one optimal design that minimizes (or
maximizes) one of the objectives, given a constraint on the other
metrics. The rising complexity of the circuits and the absence of
closed-form expressions for certain metrics (like total integrated
noise) have led to a SPICE-simulation-based numerical approach to
analog circuit design and optimization, which is very slow for
circuits comprising more than a handful of transistors. The
research presented in this dissertation focuses on symbolic design
and optimization techniques for analog integrated circuits. These
techniques are based on computer optimization programs that use
closed-form symbolic expressions for all relevant performance
metrics of the analog circuit, bypassing the need to interface with
a circuit simulator. In the first part of this work, we deal with
the problem of computing total integrated noise in an analog
circuit. We demonstrate a technique to compute the total integrated
noise by visual inspection in linear, passive networks, and then
extend the technique to show how one can symbolically integrate a
general noise transfer function of any order to get closed-form
expressions for total integrated noise. Such expressions were not
readily available and had prevented the adoption of symbolic
analysis in the design and optimization of noise limited analog
circuits. Compared to previously known methods, this technique is
efficient in terms of computation cycles and memory requirement,
and provides the answer in a single step. We next present three
proof-of-concept examples that illustrate how symbolic analysis can
be applied to the design and optimization of representative analog
blocks. The presented techniques are general, and taken together,
can help provide a circuit designer with the best design, find
sensitivities to circuit parameters, and enable rapid design
portability to different sets of specification or process corners.
In the first example, we present a nested-Miller-compensated
three-stage operational transconductance amplifier for use in
high-speed switched-capacitor circuits. Simulation results show
that the 90-nm prototype amplifier achieves a 0.1 % dynamic error
settling time of 2.53 ns with a total integrated noise of 240
μVrms, while consuming 5.2 mW from a 1-V power supply. In the
second example, we present the design and optimization of
continuous-time active-RC and gm-C low-pass filters. Starting from
a given LC ladder-filter realization, we develop a systematic
method of choosing the right optimization variables and using
signal-flow-graph manipulations to convert a given LC ladder-filter
realization into the final analog circuit. This is done in such a
way that the symbolic expressions for noise, power and area turn
out to be posynomial functions, enabling the formulation of the
design and optimization problem as a geometric program (GP) that
can be quickly solved to get the globally-optimal…


Invasive nonindigenous plant species can have potentially serious detrimental effects on local ecosystems and, as a result, costly control efforts often have to be put in place to protect habitats. An example of an invasive problem on a global scale involves the salt marsh grass species from the genus Spartina. The spread of Spartina anglica in Europe and Asia has drawn much concern due to its ability to convert coastal habitats into cord-grass monocultures and to alter the native food webs. However, the patterns of invasion of Spartina species are amenable to spatially-explicit modeling strategies that take into account both temporal and spatio-temporal processes. In this study, an agent-based model of Spartina growth on a simulated mud flat environment was developed in order to study the effects of spatial pattern and initial seedling placement on the invasion dynamics of the population. The spatial pattern of an invasion plays a key role in the rate of spread of the species and understanding this can lead to significant cost savings when designing efficient control strategies. We present here a model framework that can be used to explicitly represent complex spatial and temporal patterns of invasion in order to be able to predict quantitatively the impact of these factors on invasion dynamics. This would be a useful tool for assessing eradication strategies and choosing optimal control solutions in order to be able to minimize future control costs.


The possible structures which could arise on assembly of identical subunits into oligomeric structures have been made by assuming (a) that these are closed structures, (b) that whatever conformational changes occur on association are the same for each subunit, and (c) that there is no a priori reason for preferring a particular type of binding domain. When such an analysis is applied to dimers, trimers, and tetramers, it is seen that structures with heterologous binding sites are as likely as structures with isologous binding sites if thermodynamic considerations alone are relevant. Proteins with mixed isologous and heterologous binding sites are also found to be possible under some circumstances assuming possible values for subunit interaction constants. An analysis of the quantities of trimers, dimers, and monomers produced on dissociation of a tetramer shows that certain limits can be placed on the amounts of the dissociated species based on the possible protein structures. These limits therefore provide possible diagnostic tests for exploring protein design.


: This paper summarizes contemporary water management issues as recognized by 19 U.S. organizations. Only the issues are identified herein. Individual organization stands are not presented. Most suggestions for action are those of the author. Addresses of all organizations whose documents were reviewed are included in the Reference section so that those desiring to learn more about an organization's stand can readily make contact.


............................................................................................................ii Prologue...............................................................................................................1 Chapter One: The Seed ................................................................................................................3 Chapter Two: The Soil.......................................................................................12 Chapter Three: The Roots...................................................................................26 Chapter Four: The Stem.....................................................................................39 Chapter Five: The Petals....................................................................................49 Chapter Six: The Seasons...................................................................................55 Chapter Seven: The Bloom..................................................................................71 Epilogue.........................................................................................................................................72 Appendix A................................................................................................... 73 Appendix B....................................................................................................................................76 Appendix C...................................................................................................90 Appendix D....................................................................................................................................97 Vita.............................................................................................................100


In the process of using hydrogen peroxide to produce hydrazine hydrate, the impurity was separated by the dividing wall column after the study on separation. Aspen Plus was used to simulation the process of isolation and purification of the components. The effect of factors such as feed location, feed temperature, reflux ratio and tower pressure were studied. The best process operating parameters were obtained to provide theoretical basis for the technology. The molar ratio of impurities to butanone collected from the top of the column was 0.0230.03, reaching the standard for recovery. After optimization, 14.1% and 10.8% of the energy consumption of condenser and reboiler was saved, respectively. The theoretical plate number of main tower and deputy tower was 42 and 14, respectively. The feed position was 13 boards and the reflux ratio was 7 under operation pressure of 0.101 MPa. The percentage of the methyl ethyl ketone azine from the bottom of the tower was 98.2%.


The recent discovery of materials hosting persistent spin texture (PST) opens an avenue for the realization of energy-saving spintronics since they support an extraordinarily long spin lifetime. However, the stability of the PST is sensitively affected by symmetry breaking of the crystal induced by external perturbation such as the electric field. In this paper, through first-principles calculations supplemented by symmetry analysis, we report the emergence of the robust and stable PST with large spin splitting in the two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric bilayer WTe[Formula: see text]. Due to the low symmetry of the crystal ([Formula: see text] point group), we observe a canted PST in the spin-split bands around the Fermi level displaying a unidirectional spin configuration tilted along the [Formula: see text] plane in the first Brillouin zone. Such a typical PST can be effectively reversed by out-of-plane ferroelectric switching induced by interlayer sliding along the in-plane direction. We further demonstrated that the reversible PST is realized by the application of an out-of-plane external electric field. Thus, our findings uncover the possibility of an electrically tunable PST in 2D materials, offering a promising platform for highly efficient and non-volatile spintronic devices.


Three Higher Education Institutions that underwent renaming are used to define and discuss: radical renaming, brand soul, Brand Flux™ and the eight principles of renaming in service organizations. A process model that depicts renaming decision-making and brand management activities that impact brand identity, image and thus brand equity is revealed.


ABSTRACT This study investigates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-positive macrophages in early recognition and clearance of pulmonary bacteria. TLR4 is a trans-membrane receptor that is the primary recognition molecule for lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria. The TLR4Lps-del mouse strains C57BL10/ScN (B10) and STOCK Abbtm1TLR4Lps-delSlc11a1s(B10 × C2D) are susceptible to pulmonary infections and develop pneumonia when naturally or experimentally infected by the opportunistic bacterium Pasteurella pneumotropica. Since these mice have the TLR4Lps-del genotype, we hypothesized that reconstitution of mice with TLR4-positive macrophages would provide resistance to this bacterium. A cultured macrophage cell line (C2D macrophages) and bone marrow cells from C2D mice were adoptively transferred to B10 and B10 × C2D mice by intraperitoneal injection. C2D macrophages increased B10 and B10 × C2D mouse resistance to P. pneumotropica. In C2D-recipient mice there was earlier transcription of tumor necrosis factor alpha and chemokines JE and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) in the lungs of B10 and B10 × C2D mice, and there was earlier transcription of KC and MIP-1α in B10 × C2D mice. In addition, the course of inflammation following experimental Pasteurella challenge was altered in C2D recipients. C2D macrophages also protected B10 × C2D mice, which lack CD4+ T cells. These data indicate that macrophages are critical for pulmonary immunity and can provide host resistance to P. pneumotropica. This study indicates that TLR4-positive macrophages are important for early recognition and clearance of pulmonary bacterial infections.


In this paper,the mechanism of strategic alliance evolution is studied with the resource dependence view.From the theoretical analyzing,it is concluded that the partners' investments in the specific asset,their different absorptive abilities on knowledge-based resources and the external conditions will have an impact on partners' interdependent relationship formed when the alliance established,and this will accordingly change their bargaining power on each other.The partner who gets more bargaining power may advance to renegotiate the cooperative contracts or agreements to get more control of the alliance and the alliance benefits.It is necessary for alliance partners to update and protect the resources they devoted in the alliance to remain depended on by their cooperative partner.


The current assessment reform movement in statistics encourages instructors to think more broadly about cognitive measures which assess student learning. In response, statistics instructors have begun incorporating innovative methods of assessment into their courses, the most common of these procedures being authentic assessment, performance assessment, and portfolio assessment. This paper will discuss areas to consider for assessment, problems with typical assessments, and statistical authenticity for understanding student learning.


The present invention is branched from the water supply pipe for supplying water from the outside, and a boiler for generating hot water by heating cold water flows from the cold water supply pipe, hot water and the cold water supply pipe coming from the boiler during normal operation mode, the cold water minutes to mix flowing out the water were mixed in a set the branch water rate through the engine control valve, one end being in communication with the outlet of the mixed control valve, the other end is the cold water branch pipe in the cold water supply line a is in communication with the front, the mixed and mixed delivery pipe for supplying mixture flowing out of the control valve to take place, are provided on the mixed distribution pipe, the normal operation mode when operation is stopped residual water circulation during start-up operation mode from the pump and a user that is using request information of the receiver can be mixed, no inflow of cold water through the cold water supply line In that state, there is provided a hot and cold water control system comprising a control section for circulating residual remaining in the mixed distribution pipe. Thus, by normal environment, but operates in the normal operation mode if used in heating the house, and the user and a shower in the morning or in a hurry to use the number of mixing is to operate the control unit provided in each generation, the normal operation mode to the start-up operation mode, It will switch to a so when no inflow of cold water from the outside, to re-use without abandoning the residual difference between the updated, reducing the waste of water improves the user's convenience key.


Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional Cytokine. In-vitro , interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulated murine hybridoma B9 cell proliferation is well established. Cadmium inhibition of this response to IL-6 has been previously reported. Cell cycle analysis of IL-6 stimulated B9 cells in the presence or absence of cadmium (Cd) was performed in this study to examine the mechanism of Cd inhibition of B9 cell line proliferation. DNA stained cells were analyzed using electronically programmable flow cytometer. The results show a requirement for IL-6 signals in Go/G1 phase activation and transition out of S-phase of the cell cycle. Cd induced blockage of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle was observed when IL-6 stimulated cells were treated with 10μM CdC1 2 . Increasing the concentration of IL-6 from 3 to 100 pg/ml reversed the Cd-blockage of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. The ability of IL-6 (at high concentration) to reverse Cd-induced blockage of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle, suggests that IL-6 signal (s) required for transition of cells out of S-phase is a potential target for Cd. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 8 (2) 2004: 63-66


The ongoing reform of the domestic scientific potential has the purpose of increase of efficiency of activity of scientific organizations. However, the evaluation of scientific activity is a complex scientific and practical task, which fully and systematically till date not solved. In article attempt of the decision based on the new the methodological approach. The authors have developed a theoretically sound and mathematically formalized expert-analytical tools designed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of scientific activities. Proposed mechanism for the implementation of the toolkit. It includes a review of scientific results by qualified experts. Developed algorithms for selection of informative statistical data and calculate the integral assessment of the scientific organization of research results.


【Objective】In order to support the granting of Plant Breeders Rights(PBR) and improve the veracity and reliability of the DUS testing,the differences of characteristics between open cultivation and greenhouse cultivation were assessed in the distinctness,uniformity and stability testing(DUS testing) of melon varieties.【Method】According to the guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness,uniformity and stability-melon,comparing trial between open cultivation and greenhouse cultivation has been carried out to analyze the difference of the expression states in melon DUS testing.【Result】6 visual assessment characteristics(including green color of cotyledons,blistering of leaf blade,undulation of leaf blade margin,secondary colors of fruit skin,distribution of secondary colors of fruit skin,density of pattern of fruit cork formation) expressed clear difference;4 measured characteristics(including width of leaf blade,hypocotyls length,petiole length,width of flesh in cross section) had clear difference in numerical value.【Conclusion】It is very important that if the description of candidate variety comes from open cultivation or greenhouse cultivation when selecting the similar varieties.Be careful in the 6 visual assessment characteristics so as not to exclude the reference varieties in the variety collections,while the description of measured characteristics can be harmonized between open cultivation and greenhouse cultivation by corresponding the value scale with the expression states.