Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety of novorapid and novolin R in the treatment of patients with gestational diabetes.

Methods
From September 2014 to October 2015, the clinical data of 58 patients with gestational diabetes in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.According to the drug used, the patients were divided into two groups.The observation group was given novorapid, and the control group was given novolin R. Before and after treatment, the total effective rate, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), average blood glucose control time, body mass index (BMI), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN) and the frequency of hypoglycaemia, insulin dosage, the pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups.

Results
After treatment, the FBG [(5.14±0.39)mmol/L], 2hPBG[(7.06±1.25)mmol/L] of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=11.72, 5.67, all P 0.05). The total effective rate (93.10%), average blood glucose control time (3.06±0.43)d, insulin dosage (36.15±4.72)U/d of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (χ2=4.35, t=14.30, 4.92, all P<0.05). The incidence rates of pregnancy-induced hypertension (3.45%), amniotic fluid (6.90%), cesarean delivery (17.24%), macrosomia(3.45%), high blood bilirubin(3.45%) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(χ2=5.22, 5.50, 4.08, 9.09, 7.73, all P<0.05). Body weight [(70.6±3.09)g], BMI[(23.9±0.28)kg/m2] of the observation group were better than those of the control group(t=2.20, 12.19, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of hypoglycemic events in observation group(17.24%) was significantly lower than that of the control group(χ2=5.47, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Compare with novolin R, the treatment effect of novorapid for gestational diabetes is remarkable and has high security, it is worthy of clinical implementation.

Key words:
Diabetes, gestational; Insulin; Treatment outcomes


In this modern age, Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) as its derivatives have become one of the most popular and important technological advancements. In IoT, all things and services in the real world are digitalized and it continues to grow exponentially every year. This growth in number of IoT device in the end has created a tremendous amount of data and new data services such as big data systems. These new technologies can be managed to produce additional value to the existing business model. It also can provide a forecasting service and is capable to produce decision-making support using computational intelligence methods. In this survey paper, we provide detailed research activities concerning Computational Intelligence methods application in IoT WSN. To build a good understanding, in this paper we also present various challenges and issues for Computational Intelligence in IoT WSN. In the last presentation, we discuss the future direction of Computational Intelligence applications in IoT WSN such as Self-Organizing Network (dynamic network) concept.


A simple, sensitive and rapid analytical method has been developed for the determination of amino acids separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography after pre-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde. The separated amino acids have been detected using ultraviolet as well as electrochemical detection modes. The OPA derivatized amino acids have been separated on a 75 μm (internal diameter) fused silica capillary. UV detection has been performed at 220 and 335 nm respectively, while electrochemical detection has been done at 500 mV against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Optimum separation has been achieved using an applied voltage of 28 kV. Enhanced sensitivity is achieved with the electrochemical detection mode. The standard curve of amino acids is found to be linear in the range of 10 - 5 to 5×10 - 7 M. The % relative standard deviation for retention time is found to be less than 0.4 while for peak height and peak area it is within 1%.


The present invention provides a session key distribution method Gatekeeper across the range of a direct routing mode, the core of: allocating a session key between the calling and called DH negotiation between the master node, the home gatekeeper of the called node. The present invention requires only a main, home gatekeeper of the called node participating in the distribution process the session key, the session key so only the master home gatekeeper of the called node is visible, the message transmission delay is reduced, to avoid the session secret key insecurity in the transmission process, but also the aspect of the present invention is broader scope; thereby achieving the purpose of improving the safety message transmission, message transmission to improve efficiency.


This chapter explores data breaches, nation-state hacking, and epistemic closure. After being compromised in a data breach, personal information, such as financial records and health history, is offered for sale on black markets. Criminals buy that information and use it to commit crimes such as identity theft and fraud. Breach disclosure laws have two intended goals: to enable the people whose information has been compromised to become aware of that fact and to perform a kind of public shaming of the organization that experienced the breach. The nation-states have also become so accomplished at hacking that they have forced a restructuring of the entire field of information security. Meanwhile, stunt hacking is a striking manifestation of the epistemic closure within the field of information security because it ignores the root causes of security failures and instead places the focus on the surface manifestation of those root causes.


This paper reports on the laser emission properties of the BBQ dye in poly (methyl meth-acrylate)(PMMA). This host material combines the advantages of an organic environment for dye with the thermoptical mechanical properties of an organic dye. A BBQ dye solid solution in PMMA polymer. A nitrogen laser in untuned laser cavity has pumped thin films. We developed the concentration and the thickness to get high efficiency. The laser efficiency had been increased from 7% at thickness 1.5 m to 16.5% at thickness 3.5m, and from 1% to 10% when concentration increased from 1x10 -5 M to 1x10 -3 M


A feature is a single measurable criterion to an observation of a process. While knowledge discovery techniques successfully contribute to many fields, however, the extensive required data processing could hinder the performance of these techniques. One of the main issues in processing data is the dimensionality of the data. Therefore, focusing on reducing the data dimensionality through eliminating the insignificant attributes could be considered one of the successful steps for raising the applied techniques' performance. On the other hand, focusing on the applied field, ovarian cancer patients continuously suffer from the extensive analysis requirements for detecting the disease as well as monitoring the treatment progress. Therefore, identifying the most significant required analysis could be a positive step to reduce the emotional and financial suffering. This research aims to reduce the data dimensionality of the ovarian cancer disease and highlight the most significant analysis using the collaboration of clustering techniques and statistical techniques. The research succeeded to identify twelve significant analysis out of forty-four with a total of fourteen significant attributes for ovarian cancer data.


When evaluating the efficiency of equipment procurement, qualitative analysis is mainly used while lack of quantitative analysis. To solve this problem, a new method based on fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and multi-level fuzzy analytical process is put forward. By setting up a system of procurement efficiency evaluation and using the synthesis of fuzzy math and analytical hierarchy process, we have learnt how to get the eigenvalue of comprehensive evaluation indicator, membership function and its weight and set the secondary fuzzy analytical process. It has been proved that the mode can quantitatively analyze whether the procurement efficiency of equipment budget is good or not and it has a guiding significance to improve the evaluation method of equipment purchase.


Abstract Few industries in the UK are directly subject to profit regulation by central government. One such industry is the pharmaceutical industry supplying drugs to the NHS, which has had its profits regulated since 1969. Yet only in May 1996 did the government produce its first annual report on the regulatory scheme, and even then the report fails to cast much light on the scheme. In particular, there are seven major problems with the regulations and the way they are negotiated: they lack robust reasoning, a theoretical basis, an empirical basis, transparency, accountability, due process, and an analysis of their impact. Moreover, patients and health professionals are excluded from the bargaining process. All these problems could be resolved if the political will to debate them emerges. Key points To a degree profits are a stimulus for companies to produce new and better products Drug profits on sales to the NHS have been regulated by central government since 1969 In May 1996 the government produced its first annual report on the profit regulations Most patients and healthcare professionals are disenfranchised from the regulatory bargains There are additional problems with the regulations and report: a lack of robust reasoning for the regulations; a lack of theoretical basis; a lack of empirical basis; a lack of transparency; a lack of accountability; a lack of due process and a lack of impact analysis These problems can be resolved but only if the political will exists


The present invention relates to an electron emission device, which comprises a plurality of strip-shaped first electrodes and second electrodes intersecting the plurality of stripe-shaped and spaced, the plurality of strip-shaped first electrodes spaced from each other and extending in a first direction, the plurality of stripe-shaped second electrodes spaced from each other and extending in a second direction, an insulating layer is provided between the first stripe electrode and the second electrode strip is positioned at the intersection where the first electrode is a strip-shaped a carbon nanotube composite structure, the carbon nanotube composite comprising a carbon nanotube structure layer and a compound semiconductor stacked layer, a semiconductor layer is provided between the carbon nanotube layer and the insulating layer. The present invention relates to a method for preparing an electron-emitting device and a display using the electron emission device.


Scholars have come to understand Thomas Wyatt's poetry strictly within the social context of the English court. Yet the fluid relationship between the coterie manuscript practices and wider print readerships that came into contact with Wyatt's paraphrase of the penitential psalms helps to situate his work within a broader interpretive milieu. The Penitential Psalms themselves bear out this context by dramatizing a desire to reach readers and listeners beyond the monarch. Wyatt's poem fashions an interlocutory, adaptable mode of address that displaces David's own voice and opens it to communal reception.


ABSTRACT This paper documents the identification and selection of substances to mimic illicit drugs for a sequence of interviews used to document the preparation methods of PWID. In a sequence of interviews, PWID were asked to demonstrate the preparation of their drug of choice. The preparation of drugs including heroin, crack cocaine, methamphetamine, 'homebake' morphine and various oral preparations (including morphine tablets and capsules, methylphenidate tablets and capsules) were documented. In place of the drug, inert 'fake' drugs were used to ensure safety and security. To ensure the robustness of the research the fake drug material needed to have a similar appearance and physical properties to the real drug. This paper presents the range of materials used in order to aid other researchers who may have a need to mimic illicit drugs.


Objective
To explore the effect and complication of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV) combined with pressure support ventilation(PSV) and targeted tidal volume(TTV) in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).

Methods
Fifty-three neonates with severe NRDS between Jan.2010 and Dec.2012 were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to the ventilation mode: SIMV+ PSV+ TTV group(n=27), and assist/control group(A/C group)(n=26). The oxygenation status, the durations of oxygen exposure and ventilation and the incidence of complications were observed.

Results
The oxygenation status arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F), arterial oxygen partial pressure /alveolar O2 tension(a/APO2) in the SIMV+ PSV+ TTV group were significantly improved at 6 h after ventilation(t=9.393, 4.856, all P 0.05).

Conclusions
Compared with A/C, SIMV+ PSV+ TTV can improve the oxygenation status more quickly, and decrease the incidences of air leak syndrome and VAP in neonates with severe RDS.

Key words:
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation; Targeted tidal volume ventilation; Assist/control ventilation; Respiratory distress syndrome; Neonate


TikTok—the world's most downloaded app since 2020, has become a place for more than silly dancing and lip-syncing. TikTok users are increasingly turning to TikTok for news content. Meanwhile, news publishers are embracing TikTok to reach a younger audience. We aim to examine the content strategy adopted by the most-followed news publishers on TikTok and how effective their TikTok strategy is in spurring audience engagement in terms of liking, commenting, and sharing. This study retrieved 101,292 TikTok news videos as of November 22, 2022. With the help of computer vision, natural language processing, and sentiment analysis, we found that TikTok news videos containing negative sentiment and more second-person view shots are associated with significantly higher audience engagement. In addition, this study demonstrated that the TikTok video features and engagement levels differ between the news publishers and other TikTok creators. Moderator analysis shows that both the effect of negative sentiment on engagement and the effect of the second-person view on engagement are moderated by the TikTok account type. The impact of negative sentiment and second-person view on engagement behaviors becomes smaller or even insignificant for news publisher TikTok videos. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this study.


According to the "lost year" theory of sea turtle development, hatchlings swim offshore in a frenzy until they reach floating weed beds where they live in relative safety for the first few years of life. Direct observations of post hatchlings in nature have been rare, so we utilized very young captive hatchlings presented with open water or artificial weed bed habitats (Experiments 1 and 2). Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricate) hatchlings congregated in the weed bed, but green (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings did not. Green hatchlings that were slightly older and presented with sargassum continuously did show more tendency to gather in the weeds, particularly at night (Experiment 3). The young green turtles oriented towards the open ocean and congregated in the end of the tank closest to the ocean and actively avoided weeds (Experiments 4 and 5). When hatchlings were given simulated predation experience the loggerheads and hawksbills remained immobile following prediction, but the greens actively swam away (Experiment 6 and 7). These results suggest that the lost year theory of sea turtle development must be refined to take into account species differences and that different species of post hatchlings in nature may be found in different microhabitats, and reacting differently to potential and actual threat of predation.


Understanding that there is a significant presence of extracellular polymeric substances at the biofilm/wastewater interface and that the primary constituent of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in domestic wastewaters is organic particulates, this research describes the kinetics of particulate removal in a pilot-scale trickling filter (TF) and the role of bioflocculation in the removal process. Recent research has described the role of bioflocculation on particulate COD (PCOD) removal in suspended growth biological wastewater treatment systems. However, no research pertaining to PCOD removal by bioflocculation in attached growth systems was identified prior to this study. For this study, experiments were conducted using both bench- and pilot-scale biofilm reactors and provided evidence that the removal of organic and inorganic particulate matter in a TF bioreactor follows a first-order bioflocculation rate equation. The statistical analysis of data obtained from the pilot TF fits the dispersion model to suspended solids and PCOD remaining in the pilot TF.


Software developers use information and knowledge to create, alter and correct programming source code. The collective ways of dealing with information, informational culture, are embedded in organizational culture. Although organizational culture is unique to each company, it is influenced by shared perspectives on a profession and a niche market, the professional culture. Informational practices deal with the interconnection of subjective and collective factors in the relationship of subjects with information and knowledge. This paper aims to analyze the informational practices of software developers at the intersection of professional, organizational and informational cultures, distinguishing the informational values of each company and those pertaining to the professional culture. It also aims to identify the appropriate values for the effectiveness of the work and problems in this regard. As methodological procedures, it is employed a multiple cases study through interviews with managers and programmers of two companies. For data analysis and interpretation, categorical content analysis and Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology are used, elucidating underlying collective aspects in individual discourse. As a result, the cultural elements in common among organizations emphasize the informal socialization of information and knowledge, and it is difficult to register them in software documentation, the primacy of Internet as information source, among other aspects. Managers are advised to make employees aware of the importance of information recording, the use of reliable sources, and to establish policies to encourage personal interaction for information sharing.


It is shown that the attractive electron-electron interaction arising from the exchange of intravalley and intervalley phonons can be larger than the repulsive Coulomb interaction in many-valley semiconductors and semimetals and can cause these materials to exhibit superconducting properties. The impontance of observing a superconducting transition in these materials and the properties required of a semiconductor or semimetal to maximize its superconducting transition temperature are discussed. (auth)


(E)-Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound in plants with a variety of widely studied health benefits. The bark of Northern American, Canadian, and Northern European conifer species, which is an underutilized by-product generated by forest industries, is a source of (E)-resveratrol, providing a potential value-added product for these industries. Bark may serve as a good alternative to the invasive plant Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), which currently is the leading commercial source of (E)-resveratrol. This work describes a method to extract and purify (E)-resveratrol from conifer bark with high yield and high purity and investigates the relationship between the amount of (E)-resveratrol and the total phenolic contents in the bark of common conifer species. In this work, barks of four conifer species were extracted and the total phenolic contents were determined by Folin–Cicoalteu's assay. The (E)-resveratrol content was determined by HPLC-MS. A purification method that utilizes solvent extraction and column chromatography was developed to isolate (E)-resveratrol in high yield from black spruce (Picea mariana) bark. The quantitative analysis of bark samples suggests the presence of (E)-resveratrol in black spruce (Picea mariana) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), in comparable amounts to Japanese knotweed. Based on HPLC-MS and HPLC-UV analyses, the purification method isolates the compound with a yield of 84% and purity of 99%. Hence, our method extracts and isolates (E)-resveratrol from conifer bark in high purity and high yield. The results do not support any correlation between the total phenolic content and the amount of (E)-resveratrol.


Noise present in the digital mammograms directly influences the capability and competence of a classification task which makes de-noising a challenging problem. In the literature, few wavelets like daubechies db3 and haar have been used for de-noising medical images. Nevertheless, wavelet filters such as sym8, dB3,dB4,haar and Coif1 at certain level of soft and hard threshold functions have not been taken into account for mammogram images. Therefore, in this study two wavelet filters namely: sym8 and daubechies db3 at certain level of soft and hard threshold functions have been considered for classification of mammogram images. Meanwhile, in terms of mammogram images classification using data mining methods review on literature showed that no work has been done using fuzzy soft set based similarity measure for classification of mammogram images. Therefore, the positive reviews produced from past works on fuzzy soft set based classification have resulted in an attempt to use fuzzy soft set for mammogram images classification. Thus, the proposed methodology involved five steps namely MIAS dataset, images de-noising using wavelet hard and soft thresholding, region of interest identification feature extraction and classification. Hundred and twelve images (68 benign images and 51 malignant images) were used for experimental set ups. Experimental results show better classification accuracy in the presence/absence of noise in mammogram images where the highest classification rate occurs with db3 (level 4) with accuracy 62.12 % (soft threshold) with cpu time 0.0026sec and classification rate without noise 63.64%.


A new method, visualized method GIS-based, for computing glacier variation is put forward. The Glacier No.1 at the headwaiers of theUrumqi River, Tianshan Mountains, is taken as an example. By tradition. pole method was widely used,whose substance is estimating mass balance for a whole glacier from a few typical and discrete records.Therefore calculated result depends on sampling number, accuracy and representative. The visualized method continuously simulates the change of glacier surface through grid data of DEM and computes glacier variation in a certain duration. The method needs digitized glacier map in different duration or remote sensing data or direct measurement using Global Position System (GPS). As compared with traditional polemethod and calculation method (isoline method), the visualized method has quick, visual and economic advantages and may be realized through remote sensing (RS) and GPS technique. In this paper the principle,process and computing program of the visualized method are discussed. A satisfied result is obtained as applying this method to the Glacier No.1 at the headwaiers of the Urumqi River. The computation result is compared with measured mass balance. In the compared duration from 1980 to 1986, the height of glacier surface and ice volume computed by the visualized method decreased about 1 653 mm and 2.87×106 m3 and those by traditional method decreased 1961 mm and 3.61×106 m3. If measured specific mass balance is corrected based on glacier area change, then the height of glacier surface and ice volume computed by traditional method should decrease 1849 mm and -3.30×106 m3. It is also found that there is a close relation between the visualized method and pole method. The causes of error have been analyzed. Most of error come from measurement and calculation of mass balance. Partial error is caused by digitized DEM and visualized computation. In general, this study is concerned with the application of 3S technique to glaciology. The purpose is now focused on methodology. The method provides a route for study of glacier variation using 3S technique.


Turbine manufacturers have been concerned about efficient utilization of limited energy resources and prevention of environmental pollution. For steam turbine power plants, a higher efficiency gain is necessary to reduce the fuel consumption rate. Blade configurations have been studied for reductions of profile loss and endwall loss that lead to decreased steam turbine internal efficiency, by applying recent aerodynamic technologies based on advanced numerical analysis methods. This paper discusses increase of pitch-chord ratio by 14% (reduction of rotor blade numbers by 14%) and increased blade aerodynamic loading without deterioration of performance. A new rotor cascade is found which improves blade performance, especially at the root section where the reduction in the energy loss coefficient is about 40%. This rotor blade also provides lower manufacturing cost.


Sedentary living is a major health problem and is a contributing cause of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and a host of other health problems. Active living is the solution, and Active Living Every Day provides a revolutionary approach to getting people off their couches and onto their feet. This book is not just another exercise book; it is the text for a 20-step program to help adults live enjoyable, active lives. It follows a "behavioral change" approach used by the world-renowned research team at The Cooper Institute in Dallas, Texas.Active Living Every Day presents a 20-week self-paced program, using charts, checklists, four-color illustrations and photos that make the information clear and easy to use for adults of all ages. The book is the text for Active Living courses offered at health and medical education agencies across the country and is supported with additional interactive exercises on the Internet. This book will receive extensive publicity and long-term promotional support through Active Living Partners.


Overviews efforts carried out to sensitize and educate the community residing near the recently restored historic park, the Real Bosco di Capodimonte, in order to re-introduce it as a form of 'cultural heritage' deserving of responsible and respectful use. The ultimate goal of the project was to increase the surrounding neighborhood's poor quality of life through the presence of the park and to ensure that the community maintained a sense of ownership after the restoration. Activities conducted by the Superintendency in an effort to reach these objectives included the open sharing of information on the restoration and enhancement program, and the organization of cultural events in the park, such as art exhibitions and children's programs. Funds received from outside grants allowed for additional actions: the creation of an historical video, the publication of a guide book, the introduction of free guided tours, and the establishment of an Observatory of Historic Gardens as a sort of living museum.


Resultant resin from copolymers is highly crosslinked and completely aromatic. Procedure develops polyaryoxysilane structure in situ after the substrate has first been coated with a prepolymer. Resins are useful as protective coatings for metals, ceramics, glass, and other materials that accommodate relatively high curing temperatures.


The cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) follows a highly regulated sorting itinerary to deliver hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to lysosomes. Cycling_ of CI-MPR between the TGN and early endosomes is mediated by GGA3, which directs TGN export, and PACS-1, which directs endosome-toTGN retrieval. Despite executing opposing sorting steps, GGA3 and PACS-1 both utilize a CK2-phosphorylated acidic cluster trafficking motif to bind the CI-MPR. But how CK2 coordinates these opposing roles is unknown. This thesis shows that an acidic cluster on PACS-1, which is highly similar to acidic cluster sorting motifs on cargo molecules, acts as an autoregulatory domain that controls PACS-1-directed sorting. Biochemical studies show Ser278 adjacent to the acidic cluster is phosphorylated by CK2 and dephosphorylated by PP2A. Similar to our findings for PACS-1, GGA3 binding to the phosphorylated CIMPR is also controlled by the CK2 phosphorylation of an autoregulatory domain. However, whereas CK2 phosphorylation of the PACS-1 autoregulatory domain promotes cargo binding, CK2 phosphorylation of the GGA3 autoregulatory domain inhibits cargo binding. Experiments performed in this dissertation test the hypothesis that an intimate association of CK2 with these trafficking molecules coordinates their sorting activity. Accordingly, we found that PACS-1 links GGA3 to CK2, forming a multimeric complex required for CI-MPR sorting. PACS-1-bound CK2 stimulates GGA3 phosphorylation, releasing GGA3 from CI-MPR and early endosomes. Bound CK2 also phosphorylates PACS-1 Ser278 , promoting binding of P ACS-1 to CI-MPR to retrieve the receptor to the TGN. These results identify a CK2-controlled phosphorylation cascade regulating hydrolase trafficking and sorting of itinerant proteins in the TGN/endosomal system.


Formation and development of Deng's scientific and technological theories have a solid philosophical basis owing to their production based upon scientific outlook and methodology of Marxism. They have three aspects: first, the basic point of Deng's theory relies upon productive power standardization of historical materialism; second, Deng's theory is the outcome of correctly applying and complying with the ideas of materialist dialectics; and third, Deng's theory originated and developed in practice. It is a product of persisting in epistemology of dialectical materialism.


The trace zinc was determined by 5-Br-PADAP-Emulser OP Spectrophotomitry. A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of zinc. The exprimental results shown in the best condition the apparent molar absorptivity of zinc in Dahuang was 3.24μg·g-1. The method is applied to the direct determination of zinc in Chinese traditional medicine of Dahuang with satisfactory results.


This paper discusses how a western design researcher applied co-design to create a situated learning environment within a Ghanaian community. The objective was to co-design a situation wherein a Ghanaian community could become engaged in on-going learning processes, based on local knowledge, skills and resources in order to ultimately enhance resilience of the community and form a counterforce to increasing youth unemployment. The design- research process was based on action research. The result took the shape of the Discover Area: an outdoor open workshop space where community members can facilitate or participate in experiential workshops based on local skills and knowledge and the use of waste- and natural materials. The workshops amplify the creativity, confidence and problem-solving skills of the participants and herewith enhance the community's resilience. The Discover Area was co- designed by intensive collaboration with the local community, building a stakeholder network of professors, teachers and craftsmen and setting up a local committee as well as a local successor for the Western initiator of the project in order to enhance sustainability of the platform. The Discover Area was situated on the roadside so that the workshop activities and results triggered curiosity within the community. It offered opportunities for up-cycling waste materials through demonstrating the value of craftsmanship and it stimulated youth employment through in-class projects and after school workshops.


Fish use coastal shallow waters, such as the Wadden Sea as nursery and are intrinsically tied on these systems as important predators on benthos and plankton but also as prey for other fish, birds and marine mammals. The composition of the fish community in the Wadden Sea varies not only with the season but also with many other environmental changes, as this unique landscape is constantly being formed and changed by various abiotic and biotic factors. As the Wadden Sea represents a very dynamic and open habitat, species might be easily introduced and by successful reproduction become invasive, which may affect native species and in the course of time the food web. If invasive species occur in high abundances and dense aggregations new habitats may be formed. The occurrence of these bioengineer species can cause changes in local habitat characteristics and may impact the whole ecosystem.
To investigate the impact of changing abiotic characteristics and the occurrence of invasive species on the ecosystem Wadden Sea, the following work plan was conducted. To uncover possible ongoing changes fish were chosen as the organismic subject group of the study. Fish are able to avoid unfavorable conditions by migration to other areas, indicating ongoing changes. They are also important as consumer components and links between different trophic levels in the food web of the Wadden Sea.


It is known that Diffuse Scattering (DS) modelling must be embedded into Ray Tracing propagation prediction tools to achieve realistic results. However, the extension of the common ray based approach to include DS phenomena results in an increased computational burden due to the distributed nature of DS, which supposedly requires wall-surface discretization and therefore a much higher number of elements to be considered in the visibility algorithm. In this work a fast DS model which doesn't require discretization is implemented into a Ray Tracing propagation simulator and performance is assessed in terms of CPU time and result accuracy with respect to more conventional DS models.


Aging related social work research structures are vital in demonstrating the effectiveness of social work services with the elderly population, especially with the current focus on cost-effectiveness of services. However, not much is known about strategies employed by schools of social work to engage in social work research in the field of aging. This study surveyed all accredited MSW programs in the United States and had a response rate of 62%. The survey explored curriculum issues and interest levels in aging at both Master's and Doctoral levels, formal aging research structures within schools of social work and identified strengths and limits of these formal structures. The study also identified strategies for developing social work research in the field of aging in graduate schools of social work.


20 In recent years 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed 21 tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has emerged as an important tool for the postoperative 22 management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and is widely used in 23 selected clinical situations.The most valuable role of FDG-PET/CT in clinical practice in 24 patients with increasing thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and negative 131I whole-body scan 25 (WBS) post-thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation is to obtain prognostic information. 26 FDG-PET FDG-PET/CT may also have a potential role in the initial staging and follow-up 27 of high-risk patients with aggressive histological subtypes, in the identification of patients 28 at highest risk of disease-specific mortality, in the management of patients with radioiodine 29 (RAI)-refractory disease, in clinical trials of novel targeted therapies in patients with 30 advanced metastatic disease and in the evaluation of thyroid nodules with indeterminate 31 fine-needle aspiration for cytology. 32 However, several controversies remain to be resolved, namely, the cut-off value of Tg for 33 the selection of DTC patients for FDG-PET/CT, whether FDG-PET/CT scanning should be 34 performed under thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation or suppression, and the clinical significance 35 of thyroid FDG-PET/CT incidentalomas.The aim of this article is to provide an overview of 36 the data about the molecular basis, clinical indications and controversies related to the use 37 of FDG-PET/CT in patients with DTC. 38 Page 2 of 47


JANE E. BURNETT, B.S., is Senior Research Specialist, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics (UMHC), Columbia. ETHAN R. BALKIN, B.A., is Graduate Research Assistant, Area of Pathobiology, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia; at the time of the study he was Senior Research Laboratory Technician, Department of Surgery, UMHC. Address correspondence to Ms. Burnett at the Department of Surgery, University of Missouri Hospital and Clinics, NW301 Medical Sciences Building DC096.00, Columbia, MO 65212 (burnettj@health. missouri.edu). Santarus, Inc., provided an unrestricted grant for this study, which included the authors' salaries. The authors acknowledge Jeffrey O. Phillips, Pharm.D., who served as a consultant during this study, and Pamela S. Cooper, Ph.D., who prepared the manuscript.


Provided is a polyurethane resin-forming composition with which polyurethane resin, having a good appearance and superior resistance to moisture and heat, can be formed. The polyurethane resin-forming composition is manufactured using at least a polyether polyol component (a) and a polyisocyanate component (b), said polyether polyol component (a) containing a polyether polyol (a1), which is created by adding butylene oxide to a polyol having three or more hydroxyl groups.


Ecological geochemistry is worried about the sources, dispersion and
associations of substance components in the framework rock–soil–water–
air–life. In this Special Issue, we might want to zero in on the investigation
of geochemical conduct of possibly unsafe components in various conditions
and the evaluation of estimation vulnerability. The surface climate, nearest to
man, has predominant significance.


The Kenya program beneficiaries detailed 15 significant achievements influenced by Africa Lead. The graphic below characterizes these achievements into thematic areas of focus, counting the frequency with which each of the six themes of agricultural transformation are cited within the achievement examples. Detailed definitions as well as findings and recommendations for each of the six themes can be found in the accompanying summary booklet.


This report describes several electronic communication instances used by Chilean librarians. Among the ones highlighted are our National Professional Association web site and their social bookmarks service, along with many professional and personal blogs and digital journals. Some aspects of E-LIS use, the visibility of librarians and libraries on the Press and the perception of user of Bibliotecarios listserv about their experience as members of it.


Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc‐dependent endopeptidases that degrade extracellular matrix components and play important roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes such as malignant tumor metastasis and invasion. In this study, we constructed carnosine–gallic acid peptide (CGP) to identify a better MMP inhibitor than carnosine. The inhibitory effects of CGP on MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were investigated in the human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell line. As a result, CGP significantly decreased MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression levels without a cytotoxic effect. Moreover, CGP may inhibit migration and invasion in HT1080 cells through the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)–uPA receptor signaling pathways to inhibit MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Based on these results, it appears that CGP may play an important role in preventing and treating several MMP‐2 and MMP‐9‐mediated health problems such as metastasis. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Modernization of power system grids plays a vital role in improving efficiency of power system network. This involves three stages smart generation, smart metering, and smart grid. This paper focuses on the modernization of grid known as smart grid. The modernization of grid can improve the quality, efficiency and reliability of existing transmitted electric power. For better implementation smart grid can be decomposed in to several smaller smart grids called Micro smart grids. These are also called local grids. There are four major components in MSG which are demand side management (DSM), Quality and Reliability (QR), Fault management (FM) and Security Management(SM). This paper focuses mainly on current advancements and technologies used in DSM for smart grid .There are number of DSM technologies in domestic, commercial and Industrial side. Our paper deals about Power factor correction, cogeneration, high efficiency motors and variable speed drives which are all the main alternate technologies in DSM.


Learning is an activity designed for the student learning process. Learning is a process of interaction between students and teachers by utilizing learning resources in a learning environment. One of the learning objectives is to build the character and character of students. In building character, it cannot be done once, but requires a long process. Character in other terms is said to be character or character. By implementing character education in inclusive schools, students are expected to have the same potential and do not feel that they are differentiated from normal children. Inclusive education requires a good environment so that students can emulate and habituate from childhood and provide reinforcement. The environment is the first and foremost shape of the child's character from the womb, birth, and until adulthood. Through parenting and the environment (family-community-school), the process of intervention and character habituation is formed. Inclusive education or children with special needs is very unique and special. In some aspects, adjustments, patience, and enthusiasm from the teacher are needed in guiding, guiding, and modeling. In this article, it is necessary to study character building, character education, types of character, inclusive education, and the implementation of character education in inclusive schools in order to get a clear picture for all parties.


Abstract The defects structure of He+-and H+-implanted LiNbO3 crystals have been investigated by micro-Raman scattering and IR-reflection spectroscopy. The analysis of these data allows us to conclude that: (1) the defects induced by He+ implantation have a non-point nature and might be assigned to large-dimension clusters, having a new crystalline structure with a very specific lattice vibration spectrum, (2) in case of the H+-implanted samples the predominant lattice defects are found as to be of point nature, including weak crystal disorder only.


precisely because Leibniz sees through Spinoza's system that he attempts to present a philosophical system that avoids its consequences (such as the moral neutrality of the world). It is precisely because he reads and understands Spinoza in the context of the seventeenth century that he is urged to enhance his own system as an alternative. Such an observation would surely not make the opposition between Spinoza and Leibniz less complex; rather, it would slightly modify the complexity Lærke has so convincingly exposed and would amend his somewhat imbalanced conclusion. Moreover, I also think that this modified conclusion only increases the interest and profit one can draw from Lærke's detailed analysis. After all, Leibniz' and Spinoza's remain the two great systems after that of Descartes. As Lærke's book shows, there is still much to be learned from a detailed comparison of their texts and the context of their opposition. If my review has not made this out, let me state explicitly that no Spinoza or Leibniz scholar can afford to ignore a book as informative and stimulating as this one.


An extensive body of research has revealed that criminal defendants who are convicted at trials are given harsher sentences than those who plead guilty. However, it remains unclear how legally relevant case characteristics might moderate this relationship. In Florida, each felony offender is assigned a comprehensive numerical score which simultaneously quantifies multiple aspects of the seriousness of the case at hand, and judges evaluate this score in reference to the prescribed sentencing guideline recommendations. Analyses of data on defendants sentenced under this system (N = 690,565) reveal that, for sentences to prison, trial-plea disparities are greatest in the middle range of case seriousness. For prison sentence length, however, these differences are most amplified among the most serious cases.


Central banking does not mean just rates cuts and rate rising. There are many decisions to be taken sometimes unpopular or hard-to-explain ones, to be made under conditions of extreme uncertainty. There are many reasons as to why we need an independent central bank. [St. Stephen's College, New Delhi].


This paper describes the nite domain system embedded in Oz, a higher-order concurrent constraint language with encapsulated search. The novel aspect of Oz described here is the integration of an eecient nite domain constraint solver with the cardinality operator and constructive disjunction in one programming system. This integration promises to be a platform for tackling combinatorial problems which is not available so far. Oz allows the user to program search strategies like best-solution search or resource-limited search (e.g. iterative deepening) and various variable labelling strategies. In-deterministic conditionals, disjunctions and reiied constraints, which mirror the validity of a constraint into a variable, are the key for user-deened constraints .


Head-mounted eye tracking offers remarkable opportunities for human computer interaction in dynamic scenarios (e.g., driving assistance). Although a plethora of proprietary software for the acquisition of such eyetracking data exists, all of them are plagued by a critical underlying issue: their source code is not available to the end user. Thus, a researcher is left with few options when facing a scenario in which the proprietary software does not perform as expected. In such a case, the researcher is either forced to change the experimental setup (which is undesirable) or invest a considerable amount of time and money in a different eye-tracking system (which may also underperform). In this paper, we introduce EyeRec, an open-source data acquisition software for head-mounted eye-tracking. Out of the box, EyeRec offers real-time state-of-the-art pupil detection and gaze estimation, which can be easily replaced by user implemented algorithms if desired. Moreover, this software supports multiple head-mounted eye-tracking hardware, records eye and scene videos, and stores pupil and gaze information, which are also available as a real-time stream. Thus, EyeRec can be an efficient means towards facilitating gazed-based human computer interaction research and applications. Available at: www.perception.uni-tuebingen.de


The sustained increase in global demand for cleaner fuels continues to drive the gas industry growth. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been a key enabler for this growth by making sizeable remote gas re-serves, which are unreachable by pipeline, accessible to the major and emerging gas markets. Every segment of the LNG supply chain has its own set of technical challenges. On the upstream side, many gas resources require significant pre-treatment before liquefaction, and the feed gas to the LNG facility is typically a mixture of various compositions from multiple sources; this composition mix evolves over the life of the project. The main challenge is development planning for the contributing reservoirs under the constraints imposed by the processing facility– managing reservoir deliverability, scheduling & sequencing of wells, and downtime management while maintaining the inlet stream specification. To aid with long-term planning for such assets, a virtual field management system is needed that can emulate a real-world hydrocarbon producing asset by capturing all operational constraints, resource lim-its, and complex operating logic.
 This paper describes a comprehensive field management framework that can create an integrated vir-tual asset by coupling reservoir, wells, network, and facilities models and provides an advisory system for efficient asset management. The field management component can replicate any operational logic, exercises holistic control over the sub-surface model, integrates with the surface network model, and provides optimization capabilities. This paper demonstrates this for a complex LNG asset that is fed by sour gas of different compositions from multiple reservoirs.
 We describe the different levels of constraints the asset needs to operate under, including treatment plant capacity, the LNG production capacity, the contractual LNG specifications, the disposal of gas impurities and imposes them on the model by utilizing a flexible and extensible logic framework. Con-straints applied at different levels can be mutually competing and their combination with recovery opti-mization goals increases complexity. The unified field management system uses a robust scheme to bal-ance the coupled system under these constraints while optimizing overall recovery. The optimization is enabled through the ability provided by the field management system to query and retroactively control flow entities during the simulation at the desired frequency.
 Customization through scripting was necessary to implement this advanced logic and was enabled by the extensible nature of the field management framework. This extensibility, along with native capabili-ties, ensures that any level of complexity can be captured, and the workflow described in this paper can be applied to any hydrocarbon producing asset for short-term and long-term development planning.


A tetrathionate-decomposing enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of tetrathionate into thiosulfate and sulfate was purified to homogeneity from tetrathionate-grown 1:hiobacitVbes thiooxiduns. The enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 104,OOO, and was composed of two identica] subunits {MW=58,ooO) as estimated by sodi"m dodecyl su]fate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had an isoelectric point at 9.6 and was most active at pH 3.0-3.5 and 400C. Enzyme activity was increased approximately 100-fold i" the presence of 400mM sulfate ion. The Michaetis constant of this enzyme for tetrathionate in the presence of 20, 50, and 2oo mM of su]fate ion was 2.4 mM. Mercllric and ferric ions comptetety inhibited the enzyme actiyity at 1 mM. Though cupric ion up to O.OlmM markedly stimulated the actiyity in the presence of 20mM sulfate ion, a higher concentration (1mM) rather strongly inhibited the actiyity. Ethy]enediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) strengly i"hibited the activity, but this inhibiton was completety restored by cupric ion.


AnswerBus News Engine1 is a question answering system using the contents of CNN Web site2 as its knowledge base. Comparing to other question answering systems including its previous versions, it has a totally independent crawling and indexing system and a fully functioning search engine. Because of its dynamic and continuous indexing, it is possible to answer questions on just-happened facts. Again, it reaches high correct answer rate. In this demonstration we will present the living system as well as its new technical features.


A time delay estimator for a multi-microphone speech enhancement system with 16 microphones is presented. It is based on a generalized cross-correlator and an improved peak detector. The problems associated with delay estimation in noisy speech signals are solved by performing a speaker localization and a plausibility check of the time delays derived from the speaker position. By applying these techniques to the time delay estimator, a significant reduction of the computational load is achieved, and the TDOA estimation errors are reduced.


1. The dilatation of the arteriovenous crus and the loop's width and the prolongation of the loop's length were seen in acute hepatitis and they bad the vicissitude with the course of symptom. The findings of serous exudation and hemorrhage etc. were not observed on the examined cases. 2. In acute hepatitis, the nodule formatiom was mostly found at the arteriovenous shifting region. 3. In chronic hepatitis, the width of arteriovenous crus was normal or short and the narrowness of blood vessel was remarkable with the prolongation of disease, and the formation of nodulus and the winding of the blood vessel were also observed. 4. In livercirrhosis, there were two group, i.e. the group showing the picture of blood vessel seen in acute hepatitis and the group showing the picture of blood vessel seen in chronic hepatitis, and there were many cases showing the dilatation of stellate capillary and the prolongation of leeding time in the former but a few in the latter. The changes of whole blood vessel's system in livercirrhosis could be understood by the above results. 5. In the cases of post hepatitic syndrome, the change of the blood vessel itself were scanty and the slight change of blood stream's condition was only observed.


Magnesium is demanded increasing in aerospace, electronics industry and medical field requires the surface treatment method. That allows increasing the corrosion resistance in order to put to practical use as products. The spark anodized treatment method in this study used was anodized depending on the various times to 1-4 minutes with a current density of 300 mA/cm2 in the constant-current mode that duty cycle is 50% and frequency is 125 Hz by a bipolar pulse power. And the characteristics of the film were evaluated. This treatment method is to obtain the uniform film by reducing the applied voltage on the surface by adding 0.1 M Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) in the mixed solution of 2.0 M Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.1M Sodium phosphate (Na3PO4). It aims to express brown or dark brown color by adding Potassium permanganate, and to improve the corrosion resistance. After anodization treatment, the surface characteristics were analyzed using SEM, XRD and illuminance meter, and Vickers hardness was measured. In order to evaluate of corrosion resistance, the corrosion potential and corrosion current were measured by potentiodynamic method in 3.5 wt. % NaCl electrolyte. The critical voltage required to generate the oxidized layer could be lower depending on the addition of (Na2SiO3) and (KMnO4). The size of a pore was reduced depending on the processing time, and the thickness of the film was grown in proportion to it. As the result of XRD, a new peak of Mg0.9Mn0.1O was formed, and the peak of parent metal was reduced by the increase of the oxide. By the potentiodynamic polarization behavior, the value of corrosion potential was increased and the corrosion current density was decreased and the corrosion resistance was improved.


This homomorphism is surjective since 0' < 1) = 1. It has kernel zero, since if 0' (X) = 0 then the sum X Ell < 1) Ell <-1) is isomorphic to a sum of copies of < 1) Ell <-1) by (4.3), and therefore X ~X Ell <1) Ell <-l)~O. TItuS two inner product spaces over Z have the same signature if and only if they belong to the same Witt class. Since the identity 0' < 1) = 1 implies that the bijection W(Z)-4 Z is a ring isomorphism, this completes the proof. 0 § 5. Spaces of Type II We will first prove the following. (5.1) Theorem. The signature of an inner product space of type II is necessarily divisible by 8. An example in which the signature is precisely 8 will be described in §6. To prove (5.1), we first consider an arbitrary inner product space X over Z. An element UEX will be called characteristic if for every x. (5.2) Lemma (van der B1ij). Every inner product space X over Z possesses a characteristic element. Furthermore, if u E X is characteristic, then u· u==O'(X) (mod 8). Proof Form the induced inner product space X ® F2 =X/2X over the field with 2 elements. If x denotes the image of x in X/2X, then the inner product x. yon X clearly gives rise to an F 2-valued inner product x. y = (residue class of x. y mod 2) on X/2X. The function x 1-+ x· x from X/2X to F2 is F 2-linear. Hence there is one and only one element uEX/2X which satisfies the equation U·x=x·x for all x. Choosing any preimage UEX, we obtain the required characteristic element. Next note that the residue class of u. u modulo 8 is an invariant of X. F or if u' is another characteristic element, then u' = u + 2 x, hence u'· u'=u· u+4(u· X+X· x)==u· u (mod 8).


Performance for visual search improves when subjects use passive, intuitive attentional strategies versus actively directed ones (Smilek & Enns, 2006). It has also been suggested that visual search tasks benefit from bottom-up mechanisms (Proulx, 2005). Smilek & Enns acknowledge that the passive advantage may not transfer to other cognitive domains and Pinto et al. (2013) suggested that attentional mechanisms might be independent in both top-down and bottom-up processing. In order to test this possibility we ran a battery of executive cognitive tasks that we predicted would be impeded by the passive attentional strategies that were shown to be beneficial for visual search. Two randomly selected groups of participants completed a pre-test comprised of a backward digit span task, followed by a subset of Raven's Progressive Matrices. Before repeating these batteries in a post-test, group 1 was instructed, in a manner similar to Smilek & Enns, to "actively direct" their attention (i.e., maintain active focus on the stimuli), and group 2 was instructed to be "as receptive as possible", using a passive, broad focus approach (i.e., using intuition and "gut-feeling"), allowing targets and answers to "pop" into their minds. Group 1 (active) scored significantly higher on post-test items while group 2 (passive) scored significantly lower. This showed that executive cognitive tasks benefit from actively directed attentional strategies, and while passive attentional strategies may be conducive to tasks reliant on visual tasks requiring bottom-up processing, they were found to be a hindrance for those requiring top-down processing. These findings suggest that visual search tasks require distinct cognitive processes compared to complex intelligence batteries, and also provide support for claims that these distinct processes may function with different attentional mechanisms. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.


We derive first- and second-order piezoelectric coefficients for the zinc-blende III-V semiconductors ${\mathrm{Al},\mathrm{Ga},\mathrm{In}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{N},\mathrm{P},\mathrm{As},\mathrm{Sb}}$. The results are obtained within the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid-functional approach in the framework of density functional theory and the Berry-phase theory of electric polarization. To achieve a meaningful interpretation of the results, we build an intuitive phenomenological model based on the description of internal strain and the dynamics of the electronic charge centers. We discuss in detail first- and second-order internal strain effects, together with strain-induced changes in ionicity. This analysis reveals that the relatively large importance in the III-Vs of nonlinear piezoelectric effects compared to the linear ones arises because of a delicate balance between the ionic polarization contribution due to internal strain relaxation effects, and the contribution due to the electronic charge redistribution induced by macroscopic and internal strain.


In spite of the problems of both specificity and sensitivity negatively conditioning their measurement for the diagnosis of cancer, in the last decades tumour markers (TM) have gained currency in clinical practice. But TM requests are often inappropriate regarding organ specificity or monitoring treatment, making their use unjustified. The aim of our study was to assess some of the most common TM (AFP, CEA, CA19.9, CA15.3, CA125, PSA) according to NABC guidelines in order to improve appropriate requests. The planning included the evaluation of: (1) quality and number of TM requests received by our laboratories in 2005 and 2006, and (2) changes pointed out in the second half of 2007 after the NABC guidelines transmission to clinics at the beginning of 2007. Before the NABC guidelines communication we observed: (a) 20% increased requests for each marker in 2006 versus 2005;and (b) inappropriate requests ranging from 31.1% (CA19.9) to 13% (AFP). After the NABC guidelines transmission, the appropriateness increased significantly, but the overall number diminished only about 8%. In conclusion, the best use of TM still shows a wide margin of improvement, but TM becomes an unnecessary expense if not adequately incorporated into a correct decision making process.


Objective To construct targeted drug carriers with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(anti-HER2) and doxorubicin,and to determine its anti-tumor effects in vitro.Methods Doxorubicin nanoparticles (DNPs) loaded with doxorubicin were prepared by using doable emulsion method,and their appearance,distribution characteristics of diameter,Zeta potential and in vitro drug release were asscsscd.Immunonanoparticles (INPs) were then formed by using coupling agents that combined DNPs with trastuzumab (Herceptin),the human anti-HER2 antibody.The immunologic activity was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and anti-tumour effects on SKBR3,the tumor cells with intense HER2 expression,via MTT method.Results The constructed nanoparticles appeared spherical or para-spherical,with a mean diameter of ( 198.2± 12.4) nm,Zeta potential of-41 mV,encapsulation ratio of 68.6% and 96-hour in vitro drug release of 50%,respectively.INPs were shown to be immunologically active to SKBR3 and SKOV3 tumor ceils,but not MCF-7,as indicated by ELISA.Additionally,comparison on SKBR3 snrvival rate suggested that INPs conferred remarkably higher tumor cell inhibitory effects than DNPs and doxorubicin (both P<0.05 ).Conclusion The immunologic activity and targeting characteristics of IN Ps may result in effective inhibition of the growth of tumor cells with highly spccialized HER2 cxpression.

Key words:
Drug carriers; Receptor,epidermal growth factor; Nanoparticles; Doxorubincin; Targeted


This paper discusses about redistributive impact of the individual income tax based on the Chinese financial investigation samples data: positive redistributive impact of recently individual income tax; unfairness caused by scheduler system of taxation; property tax has no significant negative relation of redistribution effect.


Abstract The normal mode instability of steady Wu-Verkley (1993) wave and modons by Verkley (1984, 1987, 1990) and Neven (1992) is considered. All these flows are solutions to the vorticity equation governing the motion of an ideal incompressible fluid on a rotating sphere. A conservation law for infinitesimal perturbations to each solution is derived and used to obtain a necessary condition for its exponential instability. By these conditions, Fjörtoft's (1953) average spectral number of the amplitude of an unstable mode must be equal to a specific number that depends on the degree of the solution in its inner and outer regions as well as on spectral distribution of the mode energy in these regions. Some properties of the conditions for different types of modons are discussed. The maximum growth (and decay) rate of the modes is estimated, and the orthogonality of the amplitude of each unstable, decaying, or non-stationary mode to the basic solution is shown in the energy inner product. The new instability conditions confine the unstable disturbances of the WV wave and modon to a hypersurface in the perturbation space and allow interpretation of their energy structure. They are also useful both in estimating the maximum growth rate of unstable modes and in testing the numerical algorithms designed for the linear stability study.


n everyday causal explanations of human behaviour, known generally as 'folk psychology,' the causal powers of the mental seem to be taken for granted. Mental properties such as perceptions, beliefs, and desires, are all called upon in causal explanations of events that are deemed intentional. Jaegwon Kim's exclusion principle has led him to deny mental properties causal efficacy unless they are metaphysically reduced to physical properties, but what of their causal relevance? By giving up the assumption of causally efficacious mental properties, has Kim put into question the explanatory value of explanations with mental descriptions? In other words, if a lower order neurological causal explanation involving a causally efficacious property is at hand, does it make the higher order mental explanation irrelevant and therefore redundant? If we are to save the explanatory importance of higher order predicates, and thus the causal explanations of the special sciences and folk psychology, we need an account of how such properties can be relevant as opposed to irrelevant in causal explanations, even though they may not be causally efficacious. Frank Jackson's and Philip Pettit's notion of program explanation tries to do just this. There are two ways to read Kim's causal exclusion principle, metaphysically as causal exclusion, or epistemologically as causal explanatory exclusion. The explanatory exclusion principle hinders the acceptance of two causal explanations for a single effect unless an acceptable relation exists between the two purported causes. In this paper I will concentrate on the epistemological version of the principle, including Kim's acceptable relations, and contrast it with a survey of Jackson's and Pettit's program explanations. My aim is to discover whether program explanations expound an acceptable relation already covered by Kim or present an additional way of understanding how two causal explanations of the same phenomenon can be accepted. Jackson and Pettit say: "The notion of a programming property does not just explain how an inefficacious property can be relevant to the causation of an event. It also shows how a program explanation can have a significance that remains in the presence of an explanation invoking the corresponding I


This paper presents a multilevel step-up dc/dc converter for dc-grid-based offshore wind energy conversion applications. The main features of the proposed multilevel converter are as follows: 1) the voltage stress of the power devices can be reduced, making it suitable for high-voltage applications; 2) the boost inductor can be reduced significantly, leading to the outstanding dynamic performance; and 3) high-voltage gain can be obtained and thus is well-suited for high-gain applications. Theoretical analysis was carried out for a four-level step-up converter, based on which, the converter can be extended to any arbitrary number of levels. The proposed four-level converter was verified by a simulation and evaluated by comparing with a conventional multilevel dc/dc converter in terms of the component stress and power device count. The developed topology was implemented on a 2-kW prototype converter to evaluate its feasibility.


The different Different ABSTRACT Studies indicate that the management of dental fractures might be challenging because many cases present with minor, hard-to-discover traumas, requiring extensive evaluation and diagnostic procedures. Accordingly, adequate management can only be achieved by establishing a proper diagnosis, drawing an adequate treatment plan, and conducting regular follow-up appointments. We have discussed the different causes, types, and treatments of dental fractures. The commonest causes include impaction by trauma, whether direct or indirect. Many traumatic events were reported in the literature, and age and carious lesions are important factors to consider. Many types of dental fractures were also reported in the literature, including root fractures, crown root fractures, enamel-dentin fractures with and without pulp exposure or crown fractures, enamel infractions, and fractures. Other types include avulsion, intrusion, extrusion, lateral luxation, concussion or subluxation, splinting, and alveolar segment fractures. The treatment should be integrated based on the fracture type, and adequate follow-up should be established to achieve the best predictive outcomes.


To increase the flexibility of the design, the present invention provides a coated directly on the tire surface of the tire comprising an ink composition decorative color material. Serving as the active energy ray-curable ink composition containing a coloring material is a cured film of the decorative print layer decorative tire of the invention is formed on the surface of the tire. The ink composition having a glass transition point of less than -30 ℃ monofunctional monomer, and a glass transition temperature of 0 ℃ polyfunctional monomer. Further, the monofunctional monomer preferably contains an alicyclic structure having a glass transition temperature of less than 110 deg.] C to 0 ℃. Further, the surface protective layer is preferably formed with a decorative surface layer protects the print on the surface of the decorative print layer, a primer layer is also preferably formed between the tire surface and the decorative print layer.


The foundation of university students' personality making in comtemporary days is to shape the students' psychological behavior pattern. Through the integrated use of knowledge teaching,group training,campus culture construction,and social practices,it can be helpful to fullfill the aim of perfect personality cultivation.


Earlier detection of individuals at the highest risk of developing diabetes is crucial to avoid the disease's prevalence and progression. Therefore, we aim to build a data-driven predictive application for screening subjects at a high risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the western region of Saudi Arabia. In this context, we designed and implemented a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study using conventional diabetes risk factors for studying the prevalence and the association between the outcomes and exposure (s). We used the Chi-Squared test and binary logistic regression to analyze and screen the most significant diabetes risk factor for T2DM risk prediction. Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), a class-balancer, was used to balance the cross-sectional data. We used the balanced class data to screen the best performing classification algorithm to classify patients at high risk of diabetes with a higher F1 Score. The best performing classifier's hyper-parameters were further tuned using 10-fold cross-validation for achieving an improved F1 Score. Additionally, we validated our proposed model with the existing models built using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset and Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) dataset. The results of the Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression showed that the exposures, namely Smoking, Healthy diet, Blood-Pressure (BP), Body Mass Index (BMI), Gender, and Region, contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to the prediction of the Response variable (subjects at high risk of diabetes). The tuned two-class Decision Forest (DF) model showed better performance with an average F1score of 0.8453 ± 0.0268. Moreover, the DF based model adapted reasonably well in different diabetes dataset. An Application Programming Interface (API) of the tuned DF model was implemented and deployed as a web service at https://type2-diabetes-risk-predictor.herokuapp.com, and the implementation codes are available at https://github.com/SAH-ML/T2DM-Risk-Predictor.


In this work, we propose a new time series prediction method based on complex network theory, named Data Fluctuation Networks Predictive Model (DFNPM). The basic idea of the method is: to first map the time series into data networks and extract fluctuation features of time series accordingly to the topological structure of the data networks, and then construct models with useful information extracted to predict time series. We compare our model with the traditional prediction models as Grey Prediction Model (GM), Exponential Smoothing Model (ESM), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF) using crude oil and gasoline future prices. We obtained that the accuracy of DFNPM is higher than that previously cited models.


A public good is produced if and only if a team of m or more volunteers contribute to it. An equilibrium-selection problem leads to the questions: will collective action succeed? If so, who will participate in the team? The paper studies the evolution of collective action: as part of a strategy-revision process, updating players choose quantal responses to existing play. With symmetric players, success depends upon the cost of contribution, the benefit from provision, and the critical team-size m; the relative variability of costs and benefits, and their correlation, are also critical. When players differ, successful teams consist of either the most efficient contributors, or those with the most idiosyncratic preferences. The addition of a single bad apple (for instance, an individual whose costs are particularly variable) to a population in which a successful team operates may result in destabilisation: over time, the bad apple might supplant an existing contributor, prompting a collapse.


The utility model provides an intelligent gateway platform towards thing networked control system helps improving whole thing networked control system security nature. The intelligent gateway platform includes: intelligent gateway, communication protocol conversion?module, security?module, smart machine, mobile terminal and cloud ware, the cloud ware is right through white list authentication mechanism security?module carries out safety certificate, if through the authentication, then integrated this security?module the smart machine and intelligent gateway trusts network deployment and communication, intelligent gateway still is used for binding the mobile terminal's that will visit this intelligent gateway cell -phone number to generate corresponding access key according to this cell -phone number, mobile terminal is used for the input gateway name, the cell -phone number of binding and corresponding access key are visited through the cloud ware intelligent gateway controls the smart machine in the system. The utility model is suitable for a safe technical field of thing networking.


T H E BIBLE is a gem of many facets. It reflects the light of heaven on every phase of human experience. It is the logbook of earlier voyagers on the sea of life who have been guided by the polestar of eternal truth. It is the Word of God, not because no voice but God's is heard speaking, but because the Spirit of God touches men in the experience which is recorded with the same divine instruction as that originally received. Our authority for preaching from the Old Testament is the example of Jesus. It was his Bible. Its words were on his lips in life and at death. Its Psalms were his hymns, its ritual was his foreshadowing, and he was its Wisdom incarnate.


Diarrheal stool specimens were inoculated intothefollowing media:alkaline peptonewater(APW), Bruce-Zochowsky medium(BZ),Campylobacter enrichment broth(CEB),Cantpy-thio broth(CT),and Skirrow blood agar (SK)plate. Allmediawere incubated at42°Cinmicroaerophilic conditions for24h. Afterwards, a new SKplate was inoculated fromeveryliquid medium.Campylobacterjejuni was isolated from 43ofthe259specimens whenCT was used, from45whenAPW was used, from46whenBZ was used,and from46whenCEBwas used; these totals include specimens that grew after enrichment only, on SKplates only, andbothafter enrichment andonSKplates. Nosignificant differences were foundbetween theisolates obtained withandwithout enrichment procedures. Plating on solid mediaisthestandard technique usedin mostclinical laboratories fortheisolation ofCampylobacter jejuni fromhumanstools. Previous reports(1,4,5,7,9) showedthatspecific enrichment mediaincrease thenumber ofCampylobacter isolates recovered. Inthepresentwork, we evaluate theefficiency offourenrichment mediaand comparethemwithdirect inoculation on awidely usedsolid medium. A total of259stool specimens were selected fromuntreated patients suffering fromacutediarrhea andhaving no underlying disease. Within a maximum of4hafter collection, a heavysuspension ofthesamples was madeinsaline solution. Threetofourdropsofthis suspension was inoculated into10mlofthefollowing media: alkaline peptone water(APW)(8), Bruce-Zochowsky medium(BZ)(5), which contains nutrient broth2 (OxoidLtd.,Basingstoke, England) supplemented with7% horsebloodand10mg of vancomycin, 2,500 IUofpolymyxin, and25mg oftrimethoprim perliter; Campylobacter enrichment broth (CEB)(7), whichcontains brucella broth(Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and333mg of5-fluorouracil, 32mg ofcefoperazone, and32mg oftrimethoprim perliter; andCampy-thio (CT) (2),whichcontains 10mg ofvancomycin, 2,500IU of polymyxin, 5mg oftrimethoprim, 2mg ofamphotericin B, and15mg ofcephalothin perliter. Onedropwas usedto inoculate a Skirrow bloodagar(SK)plate (10). Allmedia were incubated at42°Cinmicroaerophilic conditions (5% Or-10%C02)provided by a gas generating kitandan anaerobic catalyst (Oxoid) for24h.Afterwards, a new SK plate was inoculated fromevery liquid medium.Plates showing no growthwere incubated forup to48h.A Campylobacter strain was inoculated daily into al media usedforquality control. Themaximumstorage timeofplates andliquid mediawas 5days. Theresults areshowninTable1.A total of45specimens were positive whenAPW was used, 46were positive when BZ was used, 43were positive whenCT was used, and46 were positive whenCEB was used;thesetotals include


The evolving software and internet technology forces the processors of computers to process data faster than ever. This hardworking character of the recent processors implies the temperature fact to be handled well in order to avoid the malfunction and failure of the CPU. For this reason an effective cooling mechanism should be installed to the processors. For pointing out the most efficient mechanism, the methods such as heat sink, water cooling, heat pipe and thermoelectric module are experimentally observed and as a result of these experiments thermoelectric cooler method in addition to water cooling system is stated out as the best method due to the stability of temperature. This observation is based on a computer having a combined cooling system of thermoelectric module and water cooler, with a CPU forced to run at full performance. The stability of the temperature was tracked via a hardware monitoring software. Depending on the tracked values this article implies that, in comprehensive systems thermoelectric module additional with water cooling system is a more effective system for the CPU in the perspective of cooling. Keywords: Thermoelectric module, CPU, Cooling Systems


In the title compound, [PdCl2{P(OPh)3}2], the PdII centre shows slightly distorted square-planar geometry, with the two chloro ligands in cis positions.


The article deals with the historical development of the concept of a beneficial owner in international tax law. It is noted that in the Russian Federation, the concept of beneficial owner was introduced into the tax legislation only in 2014, but attempts to use this concept were undertaken before 2014. The author thoroughly analyzes legal acts adopted before the "de-offshore law" and approaches to interpretation of the concept of the actual right to income; the paper examines the modern concept of "beneficial owner" set forth in the Russian tax legislation. In general, the concept of beneficial owner has passed a long way of development both in international practice and in the Russian Federation. At the moment, there are still difficulties in interpreting the concept of beneficial owner of income, as well as in the process of forming a uniform law enforcement practice in relation to the concept under consideration.


The present investigation was carried out to determine the forecast model that best describes
the behavior of the income and expenses of Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Credito de Trujillo
S.A. period january 2013 - december 2018. The Box Jenkins methodology was used
(identification, estimation, examination of diagnostic and prognostic) and the Eviews 10
program. The forecast period was january 2019 - june 2019. The estimated model for the
income series of the Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Credito de Trujillo S.A. is an ARIMA(1, 1, 2) model, appropriate and with validity of prognosis.
Likewise, the estimated model for the series of expenditures of the Caja Municipal de
Ahorro y Credito de Trujillo S.A. is an ARIMA model (1, 1, 3) with an equation appropriate and with validity of prognosis.


The destructive earthquake of Sarpol-e Zahab (Mw=7.3, Depth=18 Km) lead to sever damages to manyof structures of the affected region. The first reconnaissance of the area showed that the structures damage distribution could be interpreted by the effect of local site conditions. Therefore, some microtremor measurements and geophysical surveys were performed to investigate this concern. The survey included totally 41 locations of microtremor measurements and 40 locations of geophysical refraction profiles, the distribution of which covered all over the city. The recorded motions were analyzed using horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method to determine the natural frequencies of the alluvium; primary and secondary waves velocitywere also measured as a complementarydata. The survey results concluded to the preliminary seismic site classification map for the city, which would be useful for future safe design of structures.


larger units of analysis. Messerschmidt (CA 24:357-58), on the other hand, suggests that the study of highland migrants to lowlands might produce some interesting insights. I would concur; I feel, however, in light of the incipient focus on the commonalities of mountains, that what is really needed at present is extension of the inquiry to other mountain areas such as Alpine Europe and Ethiopia. Both Malengreau and Messerschmidt mention the need, pointed to by earlier commentators, to include history, with Messerschmidt citing a specific case, that of the Thakali. To paraphrase my earlier response on this point, except for a general comment on the role mountain populations play in capital accumulation in agrarian states it was beyond the limits set by the questions I was asking to bring in particularistic historical or political economic factors. My aim was to try to isolate those factors peculiar to mountains to which any human population would have to adjust. Of course, in examining a peculiar case one can fruitfully bring in particularistic factors. With the Thakali, for example, the fact that they have maintained a long-distance trading orientation over several centuries suggests that they have been forced into such an adaptation by the nature of their local land base, which has remained rather constant over time. That they have "made changes in their corporate identity that reflect he social, political, and religious predilections of periodically changing trade associations" to the extent of "becoming more like the Nepalese" is certainly relevant to their cultural history but does not change their basic long-distance trading adaptation. Malengreau decries the lack of specification in my model of "the level of integration-family, community, chiefdom, or state. " This was purposeful: given the energetics orientation of the model, the concept of population seemed to be a closer fit to the questions I was asking than the rather confusing and muddled "level of integration." What I proposed was a set of environmental constraints to which human populations in montane settings must adapt and which help to predict social behavior. Montane populations must contend with the fact that they are located in fragile, low-yielding settings in which resources are vertically differentiated and unpredictable. Given these constraints and the environmental characteristics of a regional setting, one should be able to predict the extent to which specialized or mixed strategies will be called for. Specifying the social form a mixed strategy will take is beyond the limits of the model at present. Malengreau suggests that a mixed-strategy model is at least partly ideological. It is not clear what he means by this. Certainly, one can find the reflection in some manner of a society's underlying procurement strategy in its ideology, but this should come as no surprise. It does lead to some interesting questions, however, such as why verticality, found by many Andeanists at the level of ideology, seems not to be as important a part of Himalayan belief systems. I do not find latitudinality an especially illuminating aspect of mountain adaptations. Inasmuch as it is a feature of horizontal surfaces, it will influence any provisioning strategy that is dependent on resources differentiated along north-south gradients. Pastoral nomads in deserts who engage in long-distance treks also commonly move across latitudinal zones, but "latitudinality" has not been pointed to as an essential feature of pastoral nomadism, and I do not see it as a necessary element of montane adaptations either. East-west movement is more common than north-south movement in the Andes. I suspect that in any montane region a variety of complex climatic factors, including latitudinality, explain the direction and periodicity of long-distance movement. Pastoral nomads and traders engage in long-distance movement, however, because of the shortcomings of their local environmental setting given available technology. This is the reason pastoral nomads in the Andean puna and the high-altitude Himalayan zones engage in such movement. Vertical differentiation fproduction zones is a more convincing explanation of this pattern than latitudinal differentiation. Messerschmidt's remarks on the manner in which indigenous Himalayan ethnic groups circumvent caste are in line with my argument that social flexibility is built into montane adaptations. One could also include the extremely fluid approach to social organization of high-altitude Bhotiya populations. Failing to find any consensus on a definition of the term among Himalayanists, I purposely stayed away from the minefields of caste. I think there is some very interesting research to be done here and would love to have seen when I was preparing the paper a thorough comparative survey of Himalayan social organization, especially in comparison with North India. Lastly, Messerschmidt's intriguing comments on Himalayan fictive kinship should come as no surprise to Andeanists, who are continually finding new strategic uses of the compadrazgo system.


Cape Town, South Africa-Initial experience indicates wavefront-guided LASIK using the Technolas 217Z excimer laser and Orbscan II (Bausch &Lomb) provides significantly better visual outcomes than conventional LASIK, said Johann Kruger, MD.


W e live in a society where the production and handling of information has become increasingly important. For this reason alone it behooves us to ask what the relation if any is between the structure of an organization and the kinds of information or policy analysis activities it typically is able to support (9). If we go a bit further and conceive of information in its broadest and most generic sense as the product of some basic process of inquiry (5), then the most general question we can ask is what the philosophy of science can contribute to the study of organizations, i.e., to the development of organization theory. The purpose of this article is to raise precisely this question. More specifically, the authors feel that the current state of organization theory, particularly its relation to policy analysis, is in great need of some fundamentally new kinds of questions and challenges. Put slightly differently, the authors believe that the future course of policy analysis is in need of some radical new directions. Almost by definition, these "new" directions can only be gotten by stepping outside of the usual modes of thinking by going to fields of inquiry, like the philosophy of science, which traditionally have been conceived to be far removed from the concerns of both organization theory and policy analysis. If the success of any field is ultimately tied to the radical ideas and paradigms that it is willing to entertain, then the concern of this article is with the most speculative and wideranging hypotheses that can be formulated by looking at organization theory and policy analysis from some radically different perspectives. * This article argues for some new directions in policy analysis and organization theory. It notes that a fundamental aspect of all organizations are the kinds of inquiring or information activities in which they typically engage and support. Very different kinds of organizations and theories of organization are needed to support some fundamentally different kinds of inquiring or policy analysis activities. Above all, the article argues for an integrated whole systems perspective of organization theory, and particularly, a whole systems perspective with respect to a program of research on organization theory and its relation to policy analysis.


(57) Abstract: The clear epoxy casting resin in which a luminous material is mixed as a base, ultraviolet rays, for an electroluminescent device having a semiconductor body (1) which emits blue light or green light casting material for wavelength conversion (5). The general formula A


The price of domestic water for residents in Guangzhou City was taken as an example.The impact of public participation in water circular economy on the water price formation mechanism was analyzed.The analysis results show that because public participation is inadequate and decision makers and participators both do not do their duties,therefore,the price increase of water resources faces difficulties.In order to establish a harmonic water circular socioeconomic system and to specify the price system of water resources,it was suggested that government should promote the activity of public participation from 2 aspects:testimonial sessions for water price and public education.


A continuous supply system for an input connected to the N different and are individually connected to a power supply potential continuous network (R1, ..., R), where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The continuous power supply system comprising: means for switching / selection (16) of the power supply network of a network (R1, ..., R) are performed for the output voltage determined by said power supply system (Vout) means (18) adjusting, and means for switching to / selection (16) and means for performing (18) of the adjustable control unit (20). Said means for adjusting (18) includes N different boost inductor having a common output voltage (Vout) for - buck converter (C1, ..., C). Given boost - buck converter (C1, ..., C) is dedicated to each power supply network (R1, RN) to the input voltage determined by the corresponding power network (R1, ..., R) (V1, ..., basis V) of the pair (10) of the output voltage of the power supply system (Vout) is adjusted.


Kaolinite is an abundant submicrometer-sized "TO"type dioctahedral sheet silicate [Al2Si2O5(OH)4]. Its building units are the infinite 2D layers of corners shared SiO4 tetrahedra and edge connected Al2O2(OH)4 octahedra. Except of ZVYAGIN's (1960) oblique texture patterns based structure solution, X-ray and neutron diffraction methods were used on powdered samples. The structure of a kaolinite single crystal from Mád (Hungary) was solved using precession electron diffraction (VINCENT & MIDGLEY, 1994; OWN, 2005; AVILOV et al., 2007) and the newly developed technique of electron-diffraction tomography (KOLB et al., 2007, 2008). The data collection was carried out using a Tecnai GX transmission electron microscope equipped with a CeB6 gun operating at 200 kV and a tomography holder with a tilt range up to ±70°. We acquired intensities from 90° large wedge of reciprocal space within 0.8 Å resolution limit using a 4 Mb, 16 bits, Eagle CCD detector. Structure of kaolinite was determined in the SIR2008 (implemented in the Il Milione package; BURLA et al., 2007) and refined to R1 = 0.227, wR = 0.547 using 236 observed unique reflections in SHELX97 (SHELDRICK, 2008). As a result we described kaolinite in the C1 triclinic space group (a = 5.056 Å, b = 9.122 Å, c = 7.250 Å, α = 88.72°, β = 104.18°, γ = 90.25°). Largest deviations are within a ± 0.36 value in the differential Fourier-map. Authors thank the HAS CRC for financial support through OTKA grant No. 68562.


Tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactic acid, and glucose were measured in previously splenectomized mongrel dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock or to endotoxin shock. In the 13 hemorrhagic shock dogs, mean liver ATP dropped by 75% and small bowel ATP by 50%. There was little change in the corresponding mean ATP levels in the eight endotoxin shock dogs ( P =.01 to.02). Lactic acid was higher in all tissues in the hemorrhagic group, significantly so in muscle and liver ( P =.01 to .02). Glucose/glycogen in muscle and liver decreased to comparable levels in both groups. These findings suggest that anaerobic metabolism in tissues is a more important component of hemorrhagic shock than it is of endotoxin shock.


Workplace exposure may be an important cause of both new-onset occupational asthma and exacerbations of preexisting disease. In the paper, the risk factors and mechanisms of occupational asthma development are discussed.


Aim To describe the impact of interactions with health care professionals revealed by people's accounts of living and dying with cancer; to explore reasons for the observed effects; and thus, to consider the implications for practice. Background The importance of practitioner–patient interactions is enshrined within professional values. However, our understanding of how and why the consultation impacts on outcomes remains underdeveloped. Stories recounted by people living and dying with cancer offer important insights into illness experience, including the impact of contact with health services, framed within the context of the wider social setting in which people live their lives. From our recent study of distress in primary palliative care patients, we describe how people's accounts revealed both therapeutic and noxious effects of such encounters, and discuss reasons for the observed effects. Method A qualitative study with a purposive sample of 19 primary palliative care patients: (8 men, 11 at high risk of depression). In-depth interviews were analysed using the iterative thematic analysis described by Lieblich. Findings Living with cancer can be an exhausting process. Maintaining continuity of everyday life was the norm, and dependent on a dynamic process of balancing threats and supports to people's emotional well-being. Interactions with health care professionals were therapeutic when they provided emotional, or narrative, support. Threats arose when the patient's perception of the professional's account of their illness experience was at odds with the person's own sense of their core self and what was important to them. Our findings highlight the need for a framework in which clinicians may legitimately utilize different illness models to deliver a personalized, patient-centred assessment of need and care. The work provides testable hypotheses supporting development of understanding of therapeutic impact of the consultation.


Abstract This study investigated the effect of season on the endocrine and adaptive profiles of a Brazilian Creole goat population in a semi-arid region of Brazil during the dry and the rainy season. We considered physiological, morphological, biochemical, haematological, hormonal and anatomical profiles. The experiment used 80 adult goats (2- to 5-year-old) and lactating (160 ± 14 days of lactation length) goats, with an average daily milk yield of 500.9 ± 13 g. Physiological parameters (rectal temperature, RT; respiratory rate, RR; heart rate, HR; skin temperature, ST) were high (p < .05) in the afternoon in both seasons. There was a significant effect of season (p < .05) on anatomical parameters (hair diameter, HD; hair length, HL; coat thickness, CT). Haematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters were also significantly affected by season (p < .05). We measured the biochemical and hormonal characteristics changes during different seasons; metabolism was reduced during heat stress and accelerated during cold stress. These hormones facilitate the physiological parameters involved in the adaptation process. Our results confirm that the adaptive capacity of the animals cannot be described solely by RT and RR.