Keeping as theoretical horizon reference the new paradigm of complexity, the present work analyses the results of inter-disciplinary  research about the emergence of mind in the field of neurobiology, in order to go beyond  the molecular biology of Kandel's cognitive activities (which anyway is still anchored to a form of methodological reductionism) and computationalism. Thanks to such studies we can explain how, within science, complex phenomena as learning and memory cannot be explained by recurring to solely reductionist technologies or procedures. The main idea of this article is that conscience and memory are highly complex processes depending on particular arrangements of matter, even if they are not reducible to it. These considerations allow us to set the bases for the elaboration of a theory of self-organization able to go beyond the Cartesian hiatus between an immaterial mind which coordinates and a physical body which executes. Here we can recognize with certainty that particular intertwining of complexity, intentionality and emergence which characterizes the natural forms of the cognitive activity in every living system.


Abstract: " ANALYSIS OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN CANTIGI LEAF (Vaccinium varingiaefolium) BASED ON DISTANCE FROM PAPANDAYAN CRATER IN NATURE PARK PAPANDAYAN ". Plants that are found around the Papandayan Crater are cantigi ( Vaccinium varingiaefolium ). It is known that the height of the cantigi plant is increasing with increasing distance from the crater. This is due to the conditions around the crater with the amount of sulfur gas released from the crater. Thus, a study was conducted to determine the chlorophyll content of cantigi leaves ( Vaccinium varingiaefolium ) at different distances from the Papandayan Crater. The method used in this study is descriptive method, with leaf population of cantigi plants ( Vaccinium varingiaefolium ) in the Papandayan Nature Park. The sample in this study is leaves cantigi plant ( Vaccinium varingiaefolium ) which are in a radius or distance of 0-25 m (R1), 25-50 m (R2), and 50-75 m (R3) from the Papandayan Crater. Samples were taken randomly as many as 10 leaves from 10 trees in each distance category. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that the average levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll at a distance of 0-25 m are 3.60 mg / L, 2.80 mg / L and 6.50 mg / L respectively. At a distance of 25-50 m is 3.79 mg / L, 3.10 mg / L and 6.89 mg / L, while at a distance of 50-75 m is 4.00 mg / L, 3.90 mg / L and 7.90 mg / L. Based on the results of statistical tests it can be seen that there are significant differences. Thus it can be concluded that the distance from the Papadayan crater affects the chlorophyll content of the cantigi leaves, the farther of distance from the crater, the more chlorophyll content.. Keywords: Cantigi Leaf Chlorophyll Content, Distance from Papandayan Crater.


Choco Late is a beverage outlet in Panam Pekanbaru that sells drinks with various flavors that can be combined with various additional toppings. This study aims to determine the priority criteria for customers visiting the Choco Late beverage outlet using the Fuzzy AHP method. The AHP Fuzzy method combines the AHP method and the Fuzzy method. The AHP Fuzzy approach, especially the triangular fuzzy number approach with the AHP scale, must be able to minimize uncertainty so that the results are accurate. The criteria used in this study are service, goods sold, and the Choco Late environment. Based on the data calculation steps obtained by Fuzzy AHP, the respondent has a CR value = 0.0834, which means it is consistent because it meets the standards set CR < 0.10, and the main priority is service with a criterion weight of 0.7339


In this paper, a quantum chemical calculation of some monomers: 4-methylpentene-1, 4-methylhexene-1, 4,4-dimethylpentene-1 by the density functional DFT method is performed. The optimized geometric and electronic structure of these compounds is obtained. It was found that the studied monomers belong to the class of very weak CH acids (pKa = 28).


2 FOREWORD This report was undertaken by the Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE), and carried out in cooperation with the Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship. It was prepared for the second OECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for SMEs held in Istanbul 3-5 June 2004 and hosted by the Turkish Ministry for Industry and Trade The report sets out policy messages and recommendations from the work undertaken on this topic. These messages and recommendations provide material from which governments may draw in promoting innovative SMEs in the global economy. Initiative at the OECD]. It was initially issued under the code DSTI/IND/PME(2002)7/FINAL. This report is issued on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Organisation or its member governments. Information and communication technology (ICT) connectivity (PCs and Internet) is very widespread in businesses of all sizes. As is the case with all technologies, small businesses are slower than large ones to adopt new ICTs. Potential small business benefits and firm and sector-specific strategies drive the adoption and use of ICTs. Furthermore, sectors are increasingly global and dominated by large firms and the structure of their values chains and operations shape opportunities for small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). Principal reasons for non-adoption are lack of applicability and little incentive to change business models when returns are unclear. SMEs also face generic barriers to adoption including trust and transaction security and IPR concerns, and challenges in areas of management skills, technological capabilities, productivity and competitiveness. The issues for governments are to foster appropriate business environments for e-business and ICT uptake (e.g. to diffuse broadband, enhance competition), and target programmes to overcome market failures to the extent that they are needed in particular areas (e.g. skill formation, specialised information). Governments have a range of SME e-business and Internet use programmes. However commercial considerations and potential returns are the principal drivers of small business adoption and profitable use. The following points summarise the main policy directions derived from the analysis in the attached report. A healthy business environment is fundamental for firms to thrive and benefit from ICTs. This includes a transparent, open and competitive business framework, clear independent rule of law for all firms, easy set up and dissolution of businesses, transparent, simple and accessible corporate regulation, and equal and stable legal treatment for national …


In recent experiments with two wood-derived flash pyrolysis oils manufactured through the NREL and ENSYN processes, it was found that the NREL oil exhibited considerably better ignition characteristics than the ENSYN oil. An investigation was conducted to explore the relationship between pyrolysis production parameters and combustion characteristics, and to explain the observed differences between the ENSYN and NREL oils. This will help guide pyrolysis oil production. It was found that the most important parameters were water content and the severity of thermal cracking, with lower water content and greater cracking yielding better performing oils. The differences in volatiles collection and in physical properties were found to be less important.


Digital certificates form a basis that allows entities to trust each other. Due to different constraints, a certificate is only valid within a specific period of time. Coming from several threats, there are important reasons why its validity must be terminated sooner than assigned and thus, the certificate needs to be revoked. This paper provides a classification of revocation methods and gives an overview of the main methods like CRL, CRS, CRT, and OCSP. If and in which way a revocation method is suited must be analyzed in accordance to their purpose.


This paper proposes a procedure to investigate whether the statistical independence among the pixel images of a picture affects the statistical image segmentation. The results of investi-gation shows that ignoring this independence will degrade the quality of the segmented images: the more pixels which belong to the major image regions will be misclassified into the minor image regions, an artifact of statistical image segmentation. The procedure utilized in this in-vestigation can be used as an accurate statistical image segmentation technique .


The treatment of intrinsic urethral weakness (type III stress urinary incontinence) has traditionally been accomplished by the performance of a sling cystourethropexy, the placement of an artificial urinary sphincter, or periurethral injection. Herein we describe our experience using laparoscopy to perform a sling cystourethropexy.


To learn about the prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2(PCV-2)in Chongqing,swine samples collected from 2007 to 2013 were detected by real-time PCR,and 12 local PCV-2 strains were identified and isolated.Sequence analysis shows that all the strains belongs to PCV-2b,and all the full length of PCV-2 genome is 1767bp,the homology of these trains is 96.2%-99.7% with classical strain AF055394,which is 96.0%-98.4% with SH strain and 95.5%-95.8% with LG strain respectively.This study got the basic epidemiological data for the prevention and control of PCV-2 in Chongqing area,it can also help the choice of the right PCV-2 vaccine.


MusicWeb is a Web application for music artist discovery that provides a browsing experience using connections that are either extra-musical or tangential to music, such as the artists' political affiliation or social influence, or intra-musical, such as the artists' main instrument or most favoured musical key. The connections are further enhanced by thematic analysis of journal articles and blog posts as well as content-based similarity measures focussing on high level musical categories.


Abstract : The utilization of carbon nanotube arrays for field ionization in ion thrusters allows for a substantial reduction in thruster size and weight. The availability of miniature ion thrusters may enable the development of a suitable propulsion system for nano- and picosatellites, and can realize substantial weight, volume, and cost savings in existing satellite platforms. This research focuses on the design of a field ionization test chamber that can be used to determine a comprehensive performance metric for the carbon nanotube field ionization micro-ion thruster (CNTFIMIT). Using the knowledge gathered from two previously employed test chamber designs, a third generation apparatus with higher precision and improved capabilities is constructed. This new design incorporates a mass flow controller for propellant flow rate measurements, a high-voltage source-measure unit for ionization current measurements, and a linear shift with position feedback for adjusting the distance between the carbon nanotubes and the counter electrode during field-ionization. The design emphasizes user-friendly operation by simplifying the sample exchange and by reducing the chamber volume under vacuum for a faster turn-around time between experiments. The proposed design is highly modular, allowing for easy installation of additional analytic capabilities and other future upgrades.


The 2008 National Patient Safety Goal program, directed by the Joint Commission (TJC), mandated safety improvements for anticoagulation therapy. In response, an urban, not-for-profit, Medicare-certified hospital Home Health Department identified the need to evaluate the Home Healthcare anticoagulation standards, safety practices, and patient/staff educational processes and materials. This Home Healthcare entity shall be referred to as the Agency for the purposes of this article.


human, incarnate aspect and furnish us with a model of conduct, allowing us to realize our deepest nature. Committed to the theory that the human intellect depends on divine illumination, he denied that human beings can know anything for certain unless illuminated by the light of divine grace. Although unified in the person, he also held to the Franciscan thesis that a soul corresponds to each part of the human body so that, against Aquinas, he argued that Christ's nutritive souls remained uncorrupted during the Triduum and that Christ had no need of a new substantial form. Employing Anselm's argument from the Proslogion, he maintained that, because a God who would beatify His creation would be greater than one who did not, He has beatified the rational creature in the image by which he was created (311–312). Unfortunately, space limitations do not allow me to discuss the remaining nine articles in the volume. Although difficult, because of the highly diverse choice of authors, a chapter summarizing the concept of Christian humanism in the light of the articles would have been useful.


Quantifying time-on-task is important in many areas, but is of considerable importance to researchers considering the relationships between exposure and injury risk. This paper describes the method used to develop a generic data collection, storage and retrieval program for measuring time-on-task. The program uses hypertext markup language, javaScript and Perl to provide an easily navigated computer interface for recording exposure variables on a tablet style computer (laptop). This method allows for data collection in the field and provides several benefits over traditional methods of data capture. This utility may have application in a range of research areas including education and skill acquisition, in addition to providing a precise measure of exposure to high-risk environments.


In this short manuscript, we revisit the renowned contraction's of Meir-Keeler by involving the interpolation theory in the context of complete metric space. We provide a simple example to illustrate the validity of the observed result.


A digital banking platform enables banks to bring together new and existing processes as a means of offering the innovative d igital banking products and services that are critical to retaining and attracting consumers in an increasingly competitive market. Supporting open, unified and multichannel integration is an essential function because it enables you to focus synergies across all channels. Digital banking platforms need to provide a first-class customer experience by letting consumers manage their personal details without difficulty. A future-proof platform should also be capable of managing, visualizing, and logging your banking processes and handling customer on boarding, product or service maintenance, and compliance all in one place. a digital banking platform with a three-layer architecture is the most effective way to build a future-proof digital bank. It is more than just focusing on what the consumers see. You need a platform that digitizes the front, mid and back layers or as we describe them the presentation layer, the client and orchestration layer, and the product layer. In the banking industry, keeping your place in a competitive market, customer experience enhancement, meeting legislation requirements, and costs reduction are the main challenges. Making the switch to digital banking is essential to overcome these challenges. A digital banking platform is the basis of every digital bank and no digital bank can operate without application software.


Abstract : The double barrier resonant tunneling diode (DBRTD) is one of several devices currently being considered by the semiconductor industry as a replacement for conventional very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit technology when the latter reaches its currently perceived scaling limits. The DBRTD was one of the first and remains one of the most promising devices to exhibit a room temperature negative differential resistance (NDR); this non-linear device characteristic has innovative circuit applications that will enable further downsizing. Due to the expense of fabricating such devices, however, it is necessary to extensively model them prior to fabrication and testing. Two techniques for modeling these devices are discussed, the Thomas-Fermi and Poisson-Schroedinger theories. The two techniques are then compared using a model currently under development by Texas Instruments, Incorporated.


Part 1 The origins of Islamic law: the alleged debt of Islamic to Roman law, S.V. Fitzgerald Roman law and Muslim law, A. D'Emilia foreign elements in ancient Islamic law, J. Schacht. Part 2 The sources of Islamic law: generally - the sources and development of Islamic laws, S.M. Yusef the formal sources of Islamic law, Y. Linant de Bellefons the Quran - the collection of the Quran, J. Burto Al Nasikh wa al-mansukh - abrogation and its application in Islam, K.I. Semaan Sunna - the importance of tradition for the study of Islam, A.J. Wensinck Ijma - the basis of authority of consensus in Sunnite Islam, G. Hourani Qiyas - the principles of Qiyas in Islamic law - an historical perspective, A. Hassan minor sources - legal logic an equity in Islamic law, J. Makdisi Muslim custom and case law, N.J. Coulson Ijtihad - was the gate of Itjihad closed?, W. Hallaq. Part 3 The development of the Sunnit law schools and Sunni legal theory: Al-Shafii's role in the development of Islamic jurisprudence, A. Hassan the development of legal thought in Hanfi texts, Y. Meron Illa and Qiyas in early Islamic legal theory, N. Shehaby the development of logical structure in Sunni legal theory, W. Hallaq Abu Hanifa, champion of liberalism and tolerance in Islam, C. Adams Al-Shafi - founder of a law school, E. Bishop the Ibadhites, P. Smith the state and the individual in Islamic law, N.J. Coulson. Part 4 The development of Shii legal theory: Ali in Shiah tradition, W.A. Rice the Shiah doctrine of the Imamate, D.M. Donaldson the Ithna Ahari-Shii juristic theory of political and legal authority, J. Eliash sidelights on early Imamate doctrine, W.M. Watt accommodation and revolution in Imami Shii jurisprudence - Khumayni and the clasical tradition, N. Calder. Part 5 Islamic law in the modern world: the relevance of Muhammadan law in the 20th century, A.A.A. Fyzee law as a social force in Islamic culture and history, J.N.D. Anderson modernization and changing perception of Islamic law, D. Bondermann stability and change in Islamic law, H.J. Liebesay modern trends in Islam legal reform and modernization in the Middle East, J.N.D. Anderson problems of modern Islamic legislation, J. Schact codification in the Muslim world, J.N.D. Anderson the reinterpretation of Islam, A.A.A. Fyzee the contribution of modernist to the secularization of Islamic law, Aharon Layish.


In the earlier period the public's interest in dissident Russian literature and in the cultural developments of the *ODVQRVW period was intense, which in turn stimulated literary translators to use foreignizing translation strategies, bringing the (Russian) source text closer to the (Dutch) target public. With the rise of new genres (postmodernism and crime novels) in Russian literature and the changes in publishing policies this tendency diminished and the number of loanwords in translation decreased, which indicates a rise of domesticating translation strategies in Dutch culture in recent decades.


Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a form of spondyloarthritis associated with psoriasis and characterized by joint, entheses and spine inflammation. Numerous therapeutic molecules have appeared in the last decade following breakthroughs in the pathogenesis of the disease [1].The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and persistence of first-line biological treatment in PsA in a real-life setting.The study included retrospectively all the PsA patients initiated on biologics in a university single center real-life clinical practice between January 2018- December 2021, as reported in the Romanian Register of Rheumatic Diseases [2]. Differences of continuous variables among subgroups were assessed with Mann Whitney tests, while associations of categorical variables were assessed with χ2tests, considered significant if p < 0.05.The study included 38 patients with an average age at biologic initiation of 50 ± 16 years, of which 71.1% were women, 34.2% were obese and 10.5% were smoking. The patients had established disease, with an average PsA duration of 9 ± 9 years. Regarding treatment, 44.7% initiated tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and 55.3% interleukin 17 inhibitors (IL-17i). A fraction of 31.6% had biologic monotherapy. After the first 6 months of therapy, 55.3% reached the treatment target (Disease Activity in PSoriatic Arthritis - DAPSA < 14) with a drug persistence of 78.9%, while 65.8% reached target by 12 months with 68.4% drug persistence. There were no differences of DAPSA scores, target frequencies or persistence frequencies at 6 and 12 months between TNFi and IL17i (p > 0.05). An equal number of initiations was observed in the pre-pandemic period (2018-2019; 50%) versus the pandemic period (2020-2021; 50%).Observations in a real-life setting show good efficacy persistence of both TNFi and IL17i in PsA at 6 and 12 months after their initiation. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic did not influence the number of biologic initiations in PsA patients.[1]Wang SH et al.Pharmaceutics. 2022 Oct 8;14(10):2140.[2]Michelsen B et al.Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022 Jul;74(7):1205-1218.NIL.None Declared.


The case study explores transitions from the staindpoint of Romani children participation to preschool and primary school for their educational success.


This article describes expediency of using a graphics processing unit (GPU) in big data processing in the context of digital images processing. It provides a short description of a parallel computing technology and its usage in different areas, definition of the image noise and a brief overview of some noise removal algorithms. It also describes some basic requirements that should be met by certain noise removal algorithm in the projection to computer tomography. It provides comparison of the performance with and without using GPU as well as with different percentage of using CPU and GPU.


Groat (1941) called attention to the necessity of matching the refractive index of the tissue and clearer to obtain maximum transparency of in toto cleared specimens. Tissues that are refractively almost homogeneous, such as muscle, can be cleared after bleaching and dehydrating by placing in an oil of similar refractive index. Brain tissue, on the other hand, is composed of lipids and protein which have different refractive indices. Since protein forms the framework of the brain, it is, therefore, necessary to remove the lipids in order to have a tissue of a relatively uniform refractive index. The refractive index of brain tissue dehydrated in alcohol and extracted with ether, as determined on an Abbe refraetometer. is 1.560.


Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is typically treated with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a well‐recognized major complication of corticosteroid therapy. The characteristics of this serious complication in PV remain unknown.


Objective To develop a PCR method to distinguish Citrobacter freundii which agglutinate with O157 serum from Escherichia coli O157. Methods All the strains isolated were subjects for biochemical identification,test for agglutination with O157 serum and test for wzx gene by PCR. Results The wzx gene was detected in 25 strains of Citrobacter freundii which showed agglutination reaction with O157 serum,while no wzx gene was detected in 8 strains of Citrobacter freundii which showed no agglutination reaction with O157 serum. No wzx PCR product was detected in 20 strains of O157∶H7. Conclusion The wzx-based PCR is a sensitive and rapid method to distinguish Citrobacter freundii strains which agglutinate with O157 serum from Escherichia coli O157 strains.


1. Every purely periodical function is, as is well known, expressible by means of a series of constant coefficients multiplying sines and cosines of the independent variable with a constant factor and its multiples. This important truth was arrived at by an admirable piece of mathematical analysis, called for by Daniel Bernouilli, partially given by La Grange, and perfected by Fourier.


In recent years, the ever-increasing research interest in various aspects of the electricity pool-based markets has generated a plethora of complementarity-based approaches to determine participating agents' optimal offering/bidding strategies and model players' interactions. In particular, the integration of multiple and diversified market agents, such as conventional generation companies, renewable energy sources, electricity storage facilities and agents with a mixed generation portfolio has instigated significant competition, as each player attempts to establish their market dominance and realize substantial financial benefits. The employment of complementarity modelling approaches can also prove beneficial for the optimal coordination of the electricity and natural gas market coupling. Linear and nonlinear programming as well as complementarity modelling, mainly in the form of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs), equilibrium programs with equilibrium constraints (EPECs) and conjectural variations models (CV) have been widely employed to provide effective market clearing mechanisms, enhance agents' decision-making process and allow them to exert market power, under perfect and imperfect competition and various market settlements. This work first introduces the theoretical concepts that regulate the majority of contemporary competitive electricity markets. It then presents a comprehensive review of recent advances related to complementarity-based modelling methodologies and their implementation in current competitive electricity pool-based markets applications.


In the shaft-driven helicopter, drive-system reliability plays a large part in the safety of the helicopter. Drive-system reliability is established by extensive development testing and is maintained by quality control and production load runs. This paper describes in detail the transmissions and clutches of two types of tandem-rotor helicopters and the methods used for testing.


expressly that it wished the 2006 Act to bind the Crown. Moreover, no major aim of the legislation would remain unfulfilled were the Crown not to be bound, particularly as the Crown could voluntarily ban smoking in prisons. The case could therefore be distinguished from R. (Revenue and Customs Commissioners) v Liverpool Coroner [2014] EWHC 1586 (Admin), [2015] Q.B. 481, where a main aim of the statute – to ensure compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) – would not be achieved were the Commissioners exempt from providing coroners with historical occupational information. This could not have been achieved voluntarily; without the statutory obligation, disclosure of this information would breach duties of confidentiality. It may be tempting to see the Court's approach as one favouring the wording of legislation over its purpose; more formalistic than realistic. It is then a small step to see Black as joining the recent Court of Appeal decision in R. (Privacy International) v Investigatory Powers Tribunal [2017] EWCA Civ 1868, indicating a move away from the realistic approach's zenith in R. (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union [2017] UKSC 5, [2017] 2 W.L.R. 583, towards a more literal approach to statutory interpretation. More accurately, Black illustrates that statutory interpretation does not take place in a vacuum, requiring an evaluation of language, purpose and the practical consequences of changing the law. Trying to identify trends towards a more liberal or more conservative approach is fraught with potential misinterpretation. Black also shows that courts and legislatures can interact in a variety of ways. Whilst Lady Hale concluded that the Supreme Court was not bestplaced to change this presumption, she nevertheless invited Parliament to act. The question remains as to what, if anything, courts should do if this invitation is ignored; leaving the door open for a more detailed evaluation of whether this may justify prospectively overruling a principle of statutory interpretation.


In this article, a microstrip wideband bandstop filter (W‐BSF) with a stepped impedance resonator (SIR)‐based interdigital capacitor (IDC) is proposed. By using an SIR‐based symmetric IDC, a wide rejection of bandwidth of 4.27 GHz at the center frequency of 5.85 GHz can be achieved. The insertion loss (S21) and return loss (S11) were 17.89 dB and 0.22 dB at 5.85 GHz, respectively, in the measurement results, which also verified that the bandwidth can be widely tuned by increasing the length, d from the main transmission line to the SIR‐based symmetric IDC section. As a result, we achieved practically applicable simulated and measured S‐parameter responses. The overall dimension of the optimized W‐BSF was (13.80 × 10.98) mm2.


The technique of percutaneous injection of Teflon paste into a paralysed abducted vocal cord using a fibre optic laryngoscope to observe and control the effect is described. Its use in vocal cord paralysis caused by inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma and the results in 14 patients are discussed.


In this paper, a new multiscale texture segmentation method using contextual hidden Markov tree (CHMT) in wavelet domain is proposed. The hidden Markov tree models (HMT) describe persistence property of wavelet coefficients in multiscale images, but loses clustering property. The method is put forward to overcome the shortcoming of standard HMT by using extended coefficients without changing the wavelet tree structure and makes it possible to get a more accurate segmentation result. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for multiscale texture image segmentation.


The quantum groups of finite and affine type $A$ admit geometric realizations in terms of partial flag varieties of finite and affine type $A$. Recently, the quantum group associated to partial flag varieties of finite type $B/C$ is shown to be a coideal subalgebra of the quantum group of finite type $A$. In this paper we study the structures of Schur algebras and Lusztig algebras associated to (four variants of) partial flag varieties of affine type $C$. We show that the quantum groups arising from Lusztig algebras and Schur algebras via stabilization procedures are (idempotented) coideal subalgebras of quantum groups of affine $\mathfrak{sl}$ and $\mathfrak{gl}$ types, respectively. In this way, we provide geometric realizations of eight quantum symmetric pairs of affine types. We construct monomial and canonical bases of all these quantum (Schur, Lusztig, and coideal) algebras. For the idempotented coideal algebras of affine $\mathfrak{sl}$ type, we establish the positivity properties of the canonical basis with respect to multiplication, comultiplication and a bilinear pairing. In particular, we obtain a new and geometric construction of the idempotented quantum affine $\mathfrak{gl}$ and its canonical basis.


Generally, NGOs are the non governmental and non profitable social medium organizations, which endeavor for public welfare. The emerging of NGOs in the globe is not only the response to the market failure and government failure, which are disturbing us during social transformation, but also the organizational and institutional innovation in the history of the development of human society.


Industrial process data has the characteristics of complexity, variability and noisy, which brings challenges to data-driven production predictive modeling for industrial processes basing on the traditional extreme learning machine (ELM). Therefore, this paper proposes an improved ELM based on auto-encoder (AE) (AE-ELM). The AE can extract the main features with lower-dimension by eliminating the linear correlation among the original complex data. Then, the main features are used as the inputs of the ELM. For the purpose of verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method, the AE-ELM model has been experimented on the production prediction of the pure terephthalic acid (PTA). The experimental results prove that the AE-ELM is less sensitive to the structure of the traditional ELM and principal components extraction based robust ELM (PCE-RELM). Moreover, the modeling accuracy can be improved by 2.4%, which has certain guiding significance for process modeling and production prediction.


d it refl For p m, c bons, w er of t onyl c s ayed a t nect obt w ply m SI eq pling p s can s , MR spectra with a large spectral window in the double-quantum imension is presented. Using the dipolar recoupling sequence C7 o excite the double-quantum coherence under magic-angle spining, the technique involves incrementing the evolution period in ynchrony with the phase of the radiofrequency pulses in the C7 equence. The technique is demonstrated on a uniformly Cabeled amino acid and an extensively C-labeled protein to dentify C connectivity patterns for spectral assignment. © 1999


Cathodic protection in civil engineering (a brief explanation of the principles, application and costs of cathodic protection illustrated by descriptions of three recently engineered schemes, viz: a water supply trunk main, a natural gas pipeline in the oman, an airport hydrant refuelling system).(a) for the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 812503.


Membrane separation facilities are operating at both the Sun and Chevron CO/sub 2/ processing plants of the Sacroc tertiary oil recovery project in West Texas. Membrane gas separation at both facilities began in December 1983. The Sacroc project has proven that membranes can be commercially successful for large scale CO/sub 2/ removal. Membranes have a broad range of applications, but each potential application should be studied individually. With membrane technology in the early stages of development, advances in material and module configuration should lead to a wider range of membrane opportunities and more competitive economics.


Cardiac lesions are created to act as barriers which prohibit the transmission of cardiac myocyte contractile activity from one side of the lesion to the other. Testing for conduction block is the main way to acutely confirm the effectiveness of this therapy. There are two general methods used to test for conduction block. These methods are called: 1) "exit block testing" and 2) "entrance block testing." In this study, two different devices were used on n = 3D5 swine to determine if the method of lesion assessment (exit vs. entrance block testing) affected the ability to correctly identify if acute conduction block was achieved. No significant difference was found between conclusions drawn from either method of lesion assessment. However, the most robust lesion assessment will occur when both methods are employed so that the physician has the most information available for analysis.


The invention provides an illuminator which can decrease the range of spacing distribution and angle distribution of illuminating light to acquire illuminating light with high light and excellent symmetric intension distribution. In the illuminator (1) of the invention, a first light source (2) and a second light source (3) are disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to an illumination optical axis L, wherein each of the first and second light sources includes an illuminating tube (4), a first reflector (5) disposed to surround part of the entire space around the optical axis of theilluminating tube (4) for reflecting the light emitted from the illuminating tube (4) toward an object to be illuminated, and a second reflector (6) disposed on the opposite side of the optical axis of the illuminating tube (4) to the first reflector (5) for reflecting the light emitted from the illuminating tube (4) toward the first reflector (5). The invention further provides a projector.


The overall objective of this study is to gain understanding of the variation among E. faecalis strains between different reservoirs (farm animals, water sources and hospital patients) and its possible impact on epidemiology and disease severity. This study contributes to a better understanding of the characteristics and genetic variation among E. faecalis strains from different sources including farm animal feces, water sources and UTI patients in Malaysia. The collective findings of our work and that of recent studies could be useful for future studies to analyze the persistence of E. faecalis in the environment or even develop more specific methods in examining the health significance of potentially virulent strains in environmental and clinical sources.


Author(s): Kaukeinen, Dale E.; Rampaud, Michel | Abstract: In this extensive review, we note that brodifacoum has been successfully evaluated against most small mammal pests around the world, and in a variety of both commensal and agricultural situations. Brodifacoum offers reduced rodenticide requirements to lower costs and hazard, and makes new baiting strategies, such as pulsed baiting, practical for large-scale use. Broad spectrum activity enables effective control with mixed-species infestations and against those normally tolerant of other anticoagulants, such as house mice. Useful against warfarin-resistant commensal rodents, brodifacoum gives effective control in urban and other situations where first-generation anticoagulants have previously been extensively used. It has the same mode of action and antidote (vitamin K) as other anticoagulants, providing the advantages of delayed action. We include exhaustive appendices of brodifacoum's toxicity to a wide diversity of rodents worldwide, as well as listings of previous published research on this new compound.


Three cases of unplanned and emotionally at risk pregnancies will be presented. The stages of psychological processing and preparation, using the prenatal stimulation model, to facilitate a healthy acceptance of the pregnancy, will be discussed. A framework of the stages of psychological preparation from acceptance of the pregnancy through an optimal integration of the experience of the past with the reality demands of the present will be explored.


Using Na 2CO 3 as modification reagent to improve the CEC (Cation Exchange Capacitence)of Guangfeng bentonite was studied.The effects of the factors such as pulp density,recaction temperature,reaction time and addition quantity of alkali on the Guangfeng bentonite's CEC were discussed.The bentonite with high CEC of 132.0mmol/100g could obtained at the best experiment conditions.


The data handling and processing in using synthetic aperture radar as a satellite-borne earth resources remote sensor is considered. The discussion covers the nature of the problem, the theory, both conventional and potential advanced processing techniques, and a complete computer simulation. It is shown that digital processing is a real possibility and suggests some future directions for research.


Subject
 EU money-laundering concerns.

 Significance
 On 5 April, Swedbank Chairman Lars Idermark resigned, following criticism of how the bank has handled allegations of money laundering. The allegations follow similar revelations relating to Danske Bank last year. In addition to raising further questions about the integrity of the Nordic banking sector, it also highlights the EU's continued exposure to money laundering.

 Impacts
 Money-laundering scandals suggest that the international standards set by the Financial Action Task Force are inadequately upheld.
 Such scandals could increase suspicion among voters that national governments and the EU serve the interests of the elite.
 Further cases of money laundering could undermine the EU's new foreign direct investment screening programme.
 Addressing the proportional divergence in the transparency and rules of national regulatory regimes is high on the EU's agenda.


An important motivation for the study of variability in size and reproductive output in plant populations is its potential relation to natural selection. However, very few data are available to assess the genetic component of fitness-related traits in competing plant populations, or the differential performance of plant genotypes at different densities. To address these issues we conducted an experiment using 25 genotypes of a colonizing herbaceous annual, Polygonum pensylvanicum. These genotypes were randomly sampled from a natural population and cloned by axillary meristern enhancement. Cloned plants were grown in a glasshouse at three densities spanning the range encountered in the natural population (from individually grown to 850 individuals/i2). The growth and fate of a total of 1400 individuals were followed over the course of a 10-wk growing period. Variability in size and reproductive output (as measured by the coefficient of variation of vegetative and reproductive dry mass) increased with density. Early plant size measures were positively correlated with subsequent relative growth rates in dense populations, but not among individually grown plants. These observations indicate the likely importance of asymmetric or "one-sided" competition in the dense populations. The proportion of variance in final size and reproduction explained by genotype was generally higher for individually grown plants than for plants grown under crowded conditions. We suggest that this may result from asymmetric competitive interactions working to amplify early size differences resulting primarily from environmental and developmental "noise." The same genotypes were not superior across all densities. Qualitative ("cross-over") interac- tions for fitness-related characters were observed in comparing genotype performance be- tween the individually grown vs. the low and high density treatments. Genotypes with an early size advantage were predictably favored in dense populations, but the genetic cor- relation between early and final performance was weaker among individually grown plants. In sum, density increased relative variation in fitness correlates such as reproductive bio- mass, but decreased the heritability of these traits. The response of selection is the product of these two opposing forces. Applying our results to some elementary quantitative genetic models suggests that the potential for natural selection would increase with population density, while the potential for genetic drift would decrease. Such patterns may be of particular evolutionary importance in colonizing annuals, whose life histories imply an alternate exposure of genotypes to high and low densities.


The establishment of teacher's cooperative culture can help teachers cultivate a group working spirit and share teaching skills and specialities.Teacher's cooperative culture is the requirement of improving teachers' quality,establishing specialistic school,reforming curriculum.Careful consideration must be given to the advantages and disadvantages of the management for its establishment.In order to concern and guide teachers' non-official group activities,school administrators should give priority to organizing study groups and creating an environment in favor of establishing cooperative culture system.


ABSTRACT To measure the velocity of molten steel in continuous casting mould conveniently, a new method is proposed in this paper. The relationship model between thermoelectric force and velocity is established by using the Seebeck effect and the relationship between convective heat transfer and velocity. This model and method can be applied in more continuous casting production to realize the real-time measurement of molten steel velocity in mould.


A design of 28L-26 14PR low profile agricultural tire with deep tread pattern was described.In structure design,the following parameters were taken:overall diameter 1 595 mm,cross sectional width 724 mm,width of running surface 680 mm,bead diameter at rim seat 663 mm,pattern depth 89 mm,block/groove ratio 16.5%,with the design of R-2 chevron pattern block.In construction design,the following processes were taken:two-formula and five-piece extruded tread,4 layers of 1400dtex/2V1 and 2 layers of 1400dtex/2V2 nylon 6 cord for carcass ply,2 layers of 930dtex/2V3 nylon 6 cord for breaker ply;using semi-flat building machine to build tire,and using capsule vulcanizer to cure tires.The inflated overall dimension,physical properties and cord property of finished tire met the requirements in the relative standards.


A fundamental traffic parameter for the design of a network supporting the Video-on-Demand service is the connection holding time. This holding time is usually characterized by its average value and, possibly, by its probability density function (pdf). In this paper, a model is proposed for this density, consisting of a mixture of Gaussian pdf's, whose parameters are estimated through the combination of the K-means algorithm and of a recursive likelihood maximization procedure. The model has been applied to a data set extracted from a video catalogue. Exponential and log-normal models have been fitted to the same data set by comparison. For all three models, the chi-square statistic and the Akaike Information Criterion result to be much lower for the mixture model than for the other two. In addition, the shape of the mixture pdf resembles more closely the multimodal characteristic of the empirical data. This results have been obtained with a mixture of limited complexity, being made up of a small number of Gaussian components (three or four). © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


We have used the dynamic method to calculate the frequency dependence of the localization length in a disordered medium, using the amplitude change and the redshift of the spectral density of the propagating incident pulse. The frequency dependence of the localization length in an effectively one-dimensional disordered medium is computed in terms of the strength of the disorder. The results obtained with the dynamic method are confirmed by computing the same results using the transfer-matrix method.


A novel technique for the generation of a true random bit sequence is demonstrated. This technique could find application in measuring the performance of very high bit rate (> 10 Gbit/s) optical communication systems where conventional methods may prove impractical.


Telomerase activation may be associated with the expression and regulation of telomerase activation catalytic subunit.Telomerase activation is influenced by various kinds of factors,such as telomere binding protein,telomerase activator and telomerase inhibitor etc.They regulate telomerase activation through different pathways.Telomerase is very important for cell proliferation,cell insenecence,tumor diagnosis and tumor therapy.The investigation of Telomerase activation will have a very good perspective.


Abstract Polymers derived from renewable sources which are additionally subject to degradation processes are currently an interesting alternative to conventional polymers of petrochemical origin. One of such polymers is poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which can be used in the packaging, textile and also medical industries. Its great advantage is the susceptibility to biodegradation and the nontoxicity of the degradation products. Because of high brittleness and stiffness, the modification of PLA is necessary to improve its plastic deformability, which can expand the new application possibilities. As part of the research work, the modification of PLA by plasticisation was undertaken to improve its plastic deformability properties. The low molecular mass esters from the citrate group and glycerol triacetate were used. The samples extruded from plasticised polymer were characterised using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Gel Permeation Chromatography/Size Exclusion Chromatography (GPC/SEC). The mechanical properties and melt flow rate after modification were determined. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the structure of a plasticiser and its ability to reduce the interactions in the polymer chain in order to develop an optimal polymer-plasticiser arrangement. Based on this research, there was no relationship between the efficiency of the plasticisation process and the increasing molecular mass of the plasticiser. The additional chemical (acetyl) group in the plasticiser also does not increase the efficiency of the PLA plasticisation process. In the next steps of the research, functional forms will be produced, i.e. fibers, films, and fittings from the selected polymer-plasticiser systems.


This contribution reviews the extent of science teachers' awareness of some selected innovative teaching strategies and their application at secondary school level in Benue State, Nigeria. The extent to which the mean utilization differs across teachers' age, experience and professional background on subject basis was also determined. A sample of one hundred and sixty teachers from a teacher population size of 986 responded to 19 selected teaching strategies used as questionnaire items in this study. The study found that the level of teacher awareness of innovative strategies was high but that only a few of the strategies were being effectively utilized by the teachers. Recommendations were made based on the findings, which include effective teaching of application techniques of the various innovative strategies to student teachers in training and organizing workshops on the effective use of these strategies to science teachers by experts across the state.


Purified water, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, sodium tree to process sulfate, PEG-150 distearate, ampo sodium acetate laurate, cocamidopropyl hydroxyl procedure octane, sodium laureth -13 carboxylate, sodium chloride , PEG-15 Coco polyamine, polyhexamethylene biguanide, potassium sorbate, 1,2-hexanediol, and essentially consisting of a car to ruffle reel glycol ophthalmic composition. The composition may be applied to the knitted fabric for use as a pad eyelid cleanser, knitted fabric pad is wetted by the composition is pre-packaged for use. Further, the compositions can be used in the kit for the treatment eyelid for convenient combination therapy can improve the overall treatment of the eyelid and eyelid hygiene circulation.


This research proposes three research questions and analyzes responses from a questionnaire survey of 137 researchers, 402 engineers and 195 technical staff members. The first set of question items is to determine if there are different motivators working among the three groups surveyed. The purpose of the second question items is to reveal if there is an evidence of a positive relationship between one's reference group and achievement. The last question investigates the relationship between one's reference group and motivator factors.The research findings are the following:(1) despite of similar motivators for each job category there are some critical differences existing among the three groups, (2) there is a positive relationship between being cosmopolitan and local, and the individual level of achievement, (3) each reference group demonstrates critical differences in their relations to motivators. The overall facts reveal that the different job category of workers need different approaches to HRM practices.


With more and more photovoltaic (PV) panels, energy storage devices and other small generators being put into service, it is necessary to integrate them into power systems. Grid integration provides a reliable means for customers to use renewable energy such as solar at its maximum and to use other sources as backup. Inverters are widely used as interfaces for these distribution resources. In this paper, impact of unbalance on grid connected PV panels will be first investigated. Then detailed models of PV systems with inverter interfaces and control structures are formulated and built in PSCAD, a commercial software package for digital simulation. Computer simulations will be followed to verify the analysis. Further, countermeasures will be sought to mitigate the impact.


We have developed a stand-alone TTC emulator system. This system simulates relevant TTC signals and their sequences needed for the ATLAS TGC electronics. Almost all functionalities are packed in an FPGA chip, which is mounted on the same board as one of TTCrx test board developed by CERN EP/mic group. The signal pin allocation is also the same as the TTCrx test board. Hence, instead of the test board, if the emulator board is mounted, TTC signals are generated and distributed consistently with this board without any modification of the mother board electronics system.


Numerical simulation is presently considered impractical for several relevant plasma kinetics problems due to limitations of computer hardware even with the use of supercomputers. To overcome the existing limitations it is suggested to develop algorithms which would effectively utilize the computer memory subsystem hierarchy to optimize the dependency graph traversal rules. The ideas for general cases of numerical simulation and implementation of such algorithms to particle-in-cell code is discussed in the paper. This approach enables the simulation of previously unaccessible for modeling problems and the execution of series of numerical experiments in reasonable time. The latter is demonstrated on a multiscale problem of the development of filamentation instability in laser interaction with overdense plasma. One variant of the simulation with parameters typical for simulations on supercomputers is performed with the use of one cluster node. The series of such experiments revealed the dependency of energy loss on incoming laser pulse amplitude to be nonmonotonic and reach over 4%, an interesting result for research of fast ignition concept.


A recombinant plasmid carrying the azide resistance (Azi R ) determining marker (azi) was isolated from the genomic library of R. leguminoarum Rld164. It was recovered from a Azi R colony selected from among the products of conjugational cross between R. leguminosarum Rld7 (Azi S Leu − Nod − ) recepient bacteria, E. coli HB101 donor bacteria carrying in them the gene bank of R. leguminosarum Rld164 on pLAFR1 vector and E. coli HB101 (pRK2013) helper bacteria. The Rld7 (pLAFR1::azi) bacteria had Azi R Nod + Leu − phenotype


The U.S. Department of the Interior plans to remove Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams on the Elwha River near Port Angeles, Washington to restore anadromous fish and the natural ecosystem. Elwha Dam was completed in 1913 and forms Lake Aldwell. Glines Canyon Dam was completed in 1927 and forms Lake Mills. These dams will be removed in controlled increments over a two to three-year period, beginning in 2011. During the middle of dam removal, reservoir sedimentation is projected to be 21 million yd 3 . The sediment release impact period associated with dam removal is anticipated to last 3 to 5 years. The sediment effects of dam removal have been predicted based on the 1994 Lake Mills Drawdown Experiment, numerical modeling, and physical laboratory modeling. These predictions have been used to help design mitigation measures for water quality and flood protection, including water treatment plants, new wells, a new surface water intake, raising the height of existing levees, and the construction of new levees. These two dams will be the largest removed in North America. Although there is convergence in the predictions from field tests, numerical modeling, and physical modeling there is still uncertainty. An adaptive management plan for sediment has been developed to reduce uncertainty of the predicted results and ensure that the planned mitigations work properly. The adaptive management plan relies on real-time monitoring to verify if actual results agree with predictions within a certain tolerance. If necessary, additional actions would be taken to ensure that sediment impacts remain at an acceptable level. Localized impacts would be identified and treated locally where necessary. System wide impacts would be addressed by slowing or temporarily halting dam removal until impacts have reduced to tolerable levels. Monitoring would initially focus on the sediment erosion within the two reservoirs and on turbidity downstream from the two dams. Measures would be taken to ensure that the reservoir deltas are not incised by a single erosion channel along the reservoir margin. If necessary, delta erosion channels would be encouraged to erode and redistribute the delta sediments within each reservoir at the pace of dam removal. This will help ensure that sediments still in the reservoir after dam removal will be left in a stable condition. Monitoring of downstream riverbed aggradation would begin once sand and gravel-sized sediment have eroded from the reservoirs.


A survey for small mammals was done at two sites within the Forest Department of Sarawak's Planted Forests Project in the Bintulu Division. Sampling was carried out in Bukit Sarang, a flooded swamp forest, and in Samarakan forest, an area of mixed 6-7 year old Acacia mangium blocks interspersed with remnants of disturbed logged forest. A total of twenty-two chiropteran species was recorded from these sites, including the first confirmed Sarawak records of Hipposideros bicolor and Myotis montivagus, and two bat species possibly new to science. In addition, sixteen species of small mammals were recorded at both sites. A short taxonomic discussion including the regional significance is given for each species collected. The annotated checklist from these two areas revealed that certain mammal species do survive within Acacia plantings, while mammal species richness was high in designated conservation zones such as Bukit Sarang.


We would like to emphasize the importance of the idea of making a historical review about the origins of the humankind. Along the XIXth and the XXth centuries we can see an important growing of the both ideological and fossil corpus with regards to the origins of the human genus. This situation will produce interesting debates which we can see besides the scientific propositions made in the previous centuries. eVOLUCION 7(1): 31-43 (2012).


Asset Liability Management (ALM) models for housing corporations work on the basis of stochastic scenario models for important risk and return drivers such as interest and inflation rates, construction costs and sales prices of houses. Given the situation of the housing corporation (current real estate portfolio, asset management strategy, loan portfolio, etc.), these variables directly influence the risk and return profile of these organizations at both short and long horizons. The scenario characteristics are usually based on long term historical time series of relevant indices. For sales prices of houses, different indices exist with different specification levels. House price indices are available at both a national and a local level. And different house price indices can be used for different house types (from apartments to detached). In this paper we analyze the impact of the choice of the specification level of house price indices on the risk - return profile of housing corporations. And we draw some conclusions on the optimal specification level.


The properties of maleinized polybutadiene modified DAIP was investigated.The toughness and saline resistant of DAIP were improved significantly by maleinized ploybutadiene.The impact strength of DAIP with 20% maleinized ploybutadiene is about 9.2 kJ/m~2.This is about 298% of the value as measured for pure DAIP.Maleinized ploybutadiene also has great effect on the saline resistance.The mass change of DAIP with 20% MPB is only 40% compared with pure DAIP after immerging into 10% NaCl for 7 days.The change of dielectric dissipation factor of MPB/DAIP is 18.9% of pure DAIP.The heat resis-(tance) and dielectric properties of MPB/DAIP are slightly reduced.


In this paper, air flow around a model wind turbine and the NREL offshore 5-MW baseline wind turbine is simulated using different rotor modeling techniques/methodologies. The actuator line (AL) method of modeling the rotor is compared with the fully resolved rotor simulation. The aerodynamic forces for the AL method are computed using an open source code, FAST, from NREL. An in-house code, Tenasi, is used to carry out the CFD simulations. Validation of the computational methodology is carried out by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data for the model wind turbine. Since the NREL offshore 5-MW baseline wind turbine is notional, experimental data is not available for validation. The simulation results are verified using the results from other studies.


We present an efficient model for simulating distortions imposed by DACs in high-speed optical links. Theoretical stand-alone and experimental system-level validations ensured consistency of simulations with theory and experiments from our testbed.


Today, chromatography is the foundation of separation of components used for further analysis. In
chromatography we have different instruments being used which further depends upon the mobile phase which is usually
either gas or liquid. The paper targets at the usage of gas chromatography over liquid chromatography under specified
conditions. We are also using a calibration component whose mass is known to us. This paper also gives a lucid approach
as to why gas chromatography is used.


Drawing upon earlier research on the post failed coup survival of political leaders, we offer an ex ante in sample estimate of the likely political survival of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan following the fail coup of 2016. Depending on the assumption made about when he entered office, we conclude that his tenure is likely to endure until 2026, a result that was reached before his recent call for a snap election and its implications. We conclude with a brief discussion of the policy implications of President Erdogan's likely length of tenure.


Biomass alternative fuels have been around the world attention. This paper studies the characteristics of bio-diesel, bio-diesel by analyzing the physical, chemical properties, comparative bio-diesel and military advantages and disadvantages of diesel fuel come to bio-diesel is a diesel engine available in alternative fuels. In order to verify the heavy-duty off-road vehicles and light army vessel used biodiesel economy, power and reliability, we use the MAN-B & W6L20(27) diesel engine on the practical application of bio-diesel experiment results showed that: the security, power, oil consumption, emissions and reliability of all the available fuel to reach the target, it can be used as a safe alternative fuel use in diesel engines.


This essay presents a case study of the recently renovated and reopened MoMA. In addition to representing itself as a rhetorically new, post-modern and non-linear institution, the new museum is a generic model that is increasingly being implemented globally, and discussion of the renewal of MoMA offers the opportunity to encourage critical analysis of the models of discourse and architecture that are employed in the production of this effect of newness. As such, this essay explores the paradoxical image of a highly theoretical newness that has been embraced by MoMA – as a comforting modernist stalwart on the one hand, but also as a contemporary, postmodern museum space that is required to confirm with certain characteristics now generally accepted to signify the 'new museum'.


Due to fine pitch BGA chips, acquiring high quality joints without detrimental effects on other components of chip needs accurate alignment of the unit in packaging technique. We developed an integrated laser-soldering system which combines a computer vision. Based on the analysis of experimental data, we find that lens distortions and assembly angular errors of X-Y stage play a distinct role in introducing positioning errors. For the sake of satisfying positioning accuracy of end-effector and precision specification of packaging technique, an algorithm based on straight line method is built to abate distortions of image, and a compensation algorithm for calibrating positioning of the non-vertical X-Y positioning stage is also developed. Finally, experimental results and comparative data to evaluate the performance of these approaches are reported


This article explains the physiological response of the specific potato species upon infection by the specific nematode species. This article is interesting enough to initiate the research on specific stimulus and response, however it fails to do so due to the luck of controls. For example, first, two species of plant roots are measured by their voltage change upon nematode infection. The author attempts to identify if this physiological response comes from physical stimulus or chemical stimulus. Both cases of stimulus don't show similarity to initial response. The authors claim that it is because the plans might have developed a defense mechanism. However, they fail to show any evidence that the initial and secondary physiological response are specific to Nematode species.


e12547Background: Higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk of developing hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal women, but its relationsh...


The development of autonomous vehicles garnered an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The interest for automotive industries is to produce safer and more user friendly cars. A common reason behind most traffic accidents is the failure on the part of the driver to adequately monitor the vehicle's surroundings. In this thesis we address the problem of estimating the collision risk for a vehicle for the next few seconds in urban traffic conditions. Current commercially available crash warning systems are usually equipped with radar based sensors on the front, rear or sides to measure the velocity and distance to obstacles. The algorithms for determining the risk of collision are based on variants of time-to-collision (TTC). However, it might be misleading in situations where the roads are curved and the assumption that motion is linear does not hold. In these situations, the risk tends to be underestimated. Furthermore, instances of roads which are not straight can be commonly found in urban environments, like the roundabout or cross junctions. An argument of this thesis is that simply knowing that there is an object at a certain location at a specific instance in time does not provide sufficient information to asses its safety. A framework for understanding behaviours of vehicle motion is indispensable. In addition, environmental constraints should be taken into account especially for urban traffic environments. A bottom up approach towards the final goal of constructing a model to estimate the risk of collision for a vehicle is presented. The simpler case of "free" motion is first presented. The thesis then proposes to take collision risk estimation further by being more "environmentally aware" where environmental structures and constraints are explicitly taken into account for urban traffic scenarios. This thesis proposes a complete probabilistic model motion at the trajectory level based the Gaussian Process (GP). Its advantage over current methods is that it is able to express future motion independently of state space discretization. Driving behaviours are modelled with a variant of the Hidden Markov Model. The combination of these two models provides a complete probabilistic model for vehicle evolution in time. Additionally a general method of probabilistically evaluating collision risk is presented, where different forms of risk values with different semantics can be obtained, depending on its applications.


A flight control law based on simplified robust adaptive dynamic surface control is proposed.The complex problem in the traditional backstepping design which is caused by repeated differentiations of virtual control is eliminated by the dynamic surface control method.Neural networks are used to approximate the aerodynamic parameters uncertainties and external disturbances.Simplified adaptive laws only need the number of on-line update parameters to be equal with the number of uncertain terms.All signals in the close loop are guaranteed to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded.Simulation results for post-stall maneuvering flight demonstrate that,considering aerodynamic parameters disturbances and external disturbances,the control law can still accomplish post-stall maneuver very well and guarantee a simpler controller structure and good robustness.


This article contributes to this discussion by arguing that women's empowerment takes place when women challenge the existing social norms and culture, to effectively improve their wellbeing. The required information for the study has been collected from both the primary and secondary sources. A Random sampling method has been followed. Average and percentage analysis was carried out to draw meaningful interpretation of the results. Chi– Square test used to find out whether the two attributes are associated or not. Garret ranking technique used to find out the reasons for joining the Self help group. A general model is estimated by employing appropriate techniques to treat the ordinal variables in order to estimate the impact of the Self Help Group (SHG) on women's empowerment. The results demonstrate that there is a significant increase in the empowerment of women by micro finance in the SHG members group. No such significant change is observed however, for the members of the control group. The elegance of the result lies in the fact that the groups of SHG participants show clear evidence of a significant and higher empowerment, while allowing for the possibility that some members might have been more empowered than others.


We present experimental results for the performance of selected voice codecs using the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) with TCP-Friendly Rate Contro l (TFRC) congestion control mechanism over a satellite link.We evaluate the performance of both constant and variable data rate speech codecs (G.729, G.711 and Speex) for a number of simultaneous calls, using the ITU E-model and identify problem areas and potential for improvement. Our experiments are done on a commercial satellite service using a data stream genera ted by a VoIP application, configured with selected voice codecs and using the DCCP/CCID4 Linux implementation. We analyse the sources of packet losses which are a main contributor to redu ced voice quality when using CCID4 and additionally analyse the effect of jitter which is one of the crucial parameters contributing to VoIP quality and has, to the best of our knowledge, not been considered previously in the published DCCP performan ce results. We propose modifications to the CCID4 algorithm and demonstrate how these improve the VoIP performance, withou t the need for additional link information other than what is already monitored by CCID4 (which is the case for Quick Start). We also demonstrate the fairness of the proposed modificatio ns to other flows. We identify the additional benefit of DCCP when used in VoIP admission control mechanisms and draw conclusions about the advantages and disadvantages of the propose d DCCP/ CCID4 congestion control mechanism for use with VoIP applications.


The achievement of adequate hydration status is essential for mental and physical performance and for health in general, especially in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known about hydration status of this population, mainly due to the limited availability of research tools; thus, the objective of the current study was to adapt and validate our hydration status questionnaire in a Spanish adolescent-young population. The questionnaire was validated against important hydration markers: urine colour, urine specific gravity, haemoglobin, haematocrit and total body water and involved 128 subjects aged between 12–17 years. Water intake was also estimated through a three-day dietary record and physical activity was assessed through accelerometers. Participants completed the questionnaire twice. Water balance and water intake were correlated with urine specific gravity and with total body water content. Water intake obtained by the questionnaire was correlated with results from the three-day dietary record. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated moderate concordance between both recordings and the Cronbach's alpha revealed high consistency. The Bland and Altman method indicated that the limits of agreement were acceptable to reveal the reliability of the estimated measures. In conclusion, this is the first time that a questionnaire is valid and reliable to estimate hydration status of adolescent-young populations.


This paper shows that the term "modified Proper Name", which comes from a particular logical theory (Burge), is not actually relevant to describe Proper Names from a linguistic point of vue. It is first pointed out that the use of this term is not clear, as we never know whether it reflects a syntactic or a semantic level of description. The main idea brought out is that the interpretation of a Proper Name within a sentence is regularly accounted for by combining the definition of that Proper Name in the lexicon with the meanings of the other constituants of the Noun Phrase. Denominative interpretations are a special type of constructions, because the combination with the indefinite article leads to delete the identification instruction in the definition of the Proper Name; the terms "modified Proper Name" could possibly be used, in a strictly semantic acception, to caracterize that special type of constructions.


This paper presents the qualitative results and discussion from an experimental investigation of passive enhanced flash boiling of R-22 (an HCFC) from a small vessel. A bench-top experimental apparatus was used to conduct enhanced flash boiling tests with 5.0 mm diameter steel and glass spheres placed at the base of the glass vessel. Sixty-second experiments were conducted with initial refrigerant amounts of 0.23 kg and 0.68 (0.5 lbm and 1.5 lbm), exiting orifices of 1.59 mm and 5.56 mm in diameter (0.063 in. and 0.219 in.), and with an initial pressure of 840 kPa (122 psia). The experiments were designed to simulate the flash boiling process that occurs within the refrigerant accumulator of air-source heat pumps during the reverse-cycle defrost. Results from the visualization study include a complete description of the flashing process with added steel and glass spheres. It was also shown that the enhancement method significantly increased the rate of total vapor production by 24--55% when exposed to a rapid depressurization.


might well prevent retention of calcite or epidermal protein and thus avoid the serious sequelae of chronic inflammatory reaction. The use of antibiotics for control of bacterial infection should be gauged on the same general principles applicable to other types of wounds. The problem of fusiform swelling of a finger, particularly about the middle or proximal interphalangeal joint, is a common one. Usually examination will show limited joint motion, and laxity or crepitation within the joint may be noted. There is usually some local redness and heat which goes along with the swelling. Early x-ray films are often not revealing but later will show joint narrowing and areas of decalcification on either side. In the presence of pain or instability, splinting of the affected joint generally gives prompt relief of symptoms and a chance for the lesion to abate if it is of a self-limiting nature. Failure of favorable response under a reasonable trial of conservative therapy is an indication for surgical exploration and biopsy of the joint synovium or of bone if involved. A specific diagnosis may be made thereby, and specific treatment rendered. If the disease leaves the joint so disabled or painful as to be nonfunctioning, then surgical arthrodesis in approximately 45° of flexion can generally restore reasonably good use of the digit.


A singular perturbation analysis of the partial cheap control of the linear time-invariant regulator is presented, in which some but not necessarily all of the control inputs have arbitrarily small cost weighting. In the limit, the m 2 initial cheap control inputs arc impulsive, while the outer solution asymptotically approaches a singular are associated with a dynamical system and matrix Riccati equation, both of order n – m 2. A two-time-scale decomposition of the regulator problem yields a slow control and a composite control that provide near-optimal performance. Further, the partial cheap control results are used to solve the dual almost singular optimal linear filtering problem.


Romantic activity is a social psychological phenomenon. Gender, race, and peer networks are key contexts for understanding the social construction of this behavior as gender- and race-based norms structure feelings and behaviors that define "appropriate" romantic activity and peer networks serve as incubators of this activity. With a nationally representative sample of adolescents (N= 8510) drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study explored the linkages among peer networks, conceptions of idealized romantic relationships and actual romantic relationships, and the ways in which gender and race moderate these associations. Several characteristics of peer networks predicted adolescent attitudes about romantic behaviors as well as actual romantic behavior. Moreover, the linkages among peer networks, romantic attitudes, and romantic behaviors varied by race.


A vertex $w$ resolves two vertices $u$ and $v$ in a directed graph $G$ if the distance from $w$ to $u$ is different to the distance from $w$ to $v$. A set of vertices $R$ is a resolving set for a directed graph $G$ if for every pair of vertices $u, v$ which are not in $R$ there is at least one vertex in $R$ that resolves $u$ and $v$ in $G$. The directed metric dimension of a directed graph $G$ is the size of a minimum resolving set for $G$. The decision problem Directed Metric Dimension for a given directed graph $G$ and a given number $k$ is the question whether $G$ has a resolving set of size at most $k$. In this paper, we study directed co-graphs. We introduce a linear time algorithm for computing a minimum resolving set for directed co-graphs and show that Directed Metric Dimension already is NP-complete for directed acyclic graphs.


Digital media give the public a voice to discuss or share their thoughts about political and social events. However, these discussions can often include language that contributes to creating toxic or uncivil online environments. Using data from Reddit, we examine the language surrounding three major events in the United States that occurred in 2020 and early 2021 from the comments and posts of 65 communities identified for their focus on extreme content. Our results suggest that social and political events in the U.S. triggered increased hostility in discussions as well as the formation of a set of shared language for describing and articulating information about these major political/social moments. Findings further reveal shifts in language toward more negativity, incivility, and specific language surrounding non-White outgroups. Finally, these shifts in language online were found to be durable and last after the events occurred. Our project identifies that negative language is frequently present on social media and is not necessarily exclusive to one group, topic, or real-world event. We discuss the implications of language as a powerful tool to engage, recruit, and radicalize those within communities online.


High-speed ferries are now widely used for transporting passengers and cars or only passengers. These ferries are built of various types eg, catamaran, monohull, hydrofoil, air cushion, surface effect, foil assisted catamaran, and small-waterplane-area-twin-hull (SWATH), etc. Not many SWATHs are built in comparison with the monohull or catamaran type. SWATH has definite advantages in specific routes where seakeeping qualities are of high priority. This paper is a record of the study carried out on the methodology of preliminary design of high-speed SWATH ferries. A mathematical model is developed for rapid prototyping to determine the principal design parameters at the preliminary design stage minimising resistance, minimising lightship weight and maximising quasi propulsive coefficient and net present value index of the operation. Seakeeping and structural analysis are not included in the model. To find solutions, the Decision Support Problem Technique (DSPT) is used. This method was used successfully by the author for preliminary design of other various marine vehicles. The model is validated for a set of owner's requirements and operating conditions (500 passengers, 50 vehicles, 15 crew and one way distance of 155 nautical miles, and 38 knots). Sensitivity analysis was also carried out varying speed and payload. Results are shown in graphical forms and discussed.


Laminated flooring planks include decorative motifs, mechanically embossed-in-registration surface textures, recessed perimeters, and locking mechanisms. Adjacent planks substantially aligned allow embossed-in-registration patterns to be substantially continuous across adjacent flooring panels. The recessed perimeter prevents the edges of the flooring panel from prematurely wearing. Individual planks within the flooring system may comprise at least one partial sub-panel having a decorative motif and/or embossed surface texture (i.e., pattern) that is complementary with a pattern of a neighboring partial sub-panel or plank. Each plank may include edge patterns adjacent a portion of an edge of the plank and at least one bulk pattern adjacent the edge patterns. The decorative motif may include stripes or slanted strips of wood, the strips aligning across adjacent planks to from a continuous, uninterrupted strip pattern.


The problem of two-phase flow of gas-1iquid in industry practice of flue gas desulfurization by wet scrubbing,utilizing waste heat of exhaust gas,separation of partilies from air and gas by wet scrubbing are analyzed in the paper. Aimed at separation characteristics of small size water drops in the gas current. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of the current carrying small size water drops,both the inertia separation mechanism of the water drops and the effect of each factor on separation efficiency and flow resistance are analyzed in detail. The experimental results are that-the flow resistance with trough-type or angular-type separation equipment is very low,the maximum value is not more than seventy pascal . Visual analysis of the orthogonal experiment results are carried out. Compared orthogonal experimental results with theoretic analysis,the each factor on separation efficiency and flow resistance is discussed. The experimental results can be used in the design of the separation equipment with low flow resistance of the small size water drops from gas-liquid flow.


In a series of papers, Radzicki [1988, 1990a, 1990bl and Radzicki and Sterman [19931 have argued that system dynamics computer simulation modeling and institutionalist pattern modeling are strikingly similar and hence should be combined to form a more powerful institutional dynamics approach to socioeconomic analysis. Although these papers put forth the theoretical case for a marriage between the two perspectives, they did not present an actual institutional dynamics pattern model. The purpose of this paper is to fill that void. In addition, this paper will discuss how the institutional dynamics modeling process can add value to indicative planning at the local level.


The electronic structure and magnetism of LiFeO$_{2}$Fe$_{2}$Se$_{2}$ are investigated using the first-principle calculations. The ground state is N$\acute{e}$el antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mott insulating state for Fe1 with localized magnetism in LiFeO$_{2}$ layer and striped AFM metallic state for Fe2 with itinerant magnetism in Fe$_{2}$Se$_{2}$ layer, accompanied with a weak interlayer AFM coupling between Fe1 and Fe2 ions, resulting in a coexistence of localized and itinerant magnetism. Moreover, the layered LiFeO$_{2}$ is found to be more than an insulating block layer but responsible for enhanced AFM correlation in Fe$_{2}$Se$_{2}$ layer through the interlayer magnetic coupling. The interplay between the magnetisms of Fe1 and Fe2 introduces a control mechanism for spin fluctuations associated with superconductivity in iron-based superconductors.


A new continuous flow synthetic method for preparing indole and its derivatives are successfully developed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional batch methods, such as low conversion rates, long reaction times, and amplification effects. The method represents a sustainable and efficient preparation of indole and its derivatives without the need for additional catalysts. By investigating the effects of the reaction temperature, the solvent, the equivalence ratio, and the residence time, high conversion rates and excellent yields were simultaneously achieved within 20 min under optimized conditions. For the template reaction, DMSO/H2O/AcOH = 2:1:1 is used as the solvent, the reaction temperature is 110 °C, and the ratio of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride to cyclopentanone is 1:1.05. Indole and a wide array of its derivatives are synthesized to verify the universality of the method, and most of the reactions exhibit satisfactory conversion rates and high yields are obtained. This new continuous flow method is more suitable for industrial scale-up relative to traditional batch methods.


Objective To provide nurses with humanistic management,in order to improve the qualify of nursing.Method As a head nurse,the following measures were carried out,such as practicing happy management integrated with strict management,creating happiness under the heavy stress,utilizing en- couragement system rationally,showing respect,understanding,concern and trust to nurses.Results This practice created relax and harmonious working environment tor nurses,which enhanced nurses' working and learning enthusiasm.As a result,patients' satisfaction increased from 90% in year 2003 to 96% in year 2006.Conclusion It is suggested that nursing managers should adapt themselves to the new situation,improve their own diathesis to devel- op and practice humanistic happy management.


The legend of St. Thomas a Becket in the Middle English South English Legendary offers succinct reflection on the ongoing debates about the validity or possibility of talking about perceptions of the nation or expressions of national identity in the Middle Ages. As a vernacular work featuring the process of Englishing, the South English Legendary positions itself in the tradition of anti-Norman/foreign discourse and embeds its national impulses in the substantial proportion of English saints amidst the frame of saints' lives and events of the church. The climactic inclusion of the long legend of St. Thomas Becket not only addresses the tension and intersection of national and religious identities but also exposes the implications of Englishness and foreignness by reconfiguring a complex English identity beyond the rigid ethnic divide. While both Becket and Henry testify to the fact that the idea of Englishness is subject to change and redefinition, the fatal conflict between king and archbishop maps out different conceptions of English identity that paradoxically conjoin to envision a multivalent configuration of the English nation. Moreover, the legend's valorization of the element of foreignness in the positive accounts of the French king and the Roman pope promises the imagination of a progressive national identity transcending stiff xenophobia. The legend of St. Thomas Becket thus proves to be a double narrative of English identity, for it reinvests the tradition of Englishness with potential inclusiveness and dramatizes the growing sense of a new English nation in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.


A study is described of the kinetics of reactions in which the complexes trans-IrX(CO)(PPh3)2, where X = Cl, Br, and I, are used for the catalytic homogeneous hydrogenation of olefinic bonds. Catalytic activity is enhanced in coordinating solvents such as dimethylacetamide. The rate law is complex, showing between zero and first order in each of iridium, substrate, and hydrogen concentrations, and the mechanisms proposed show the importance of a dissociation step in making available a coordination site on the transition metal complex. The dependence of rate on the halogen followed the order I > Br > Cl. Quite remarkably, traces of oxygen in the system enhance the hydrogenation rate considerably.


As part of an effort to find an improved anti-icing additive for jet aircraft fuel the anti-microbial activity of five glycol ether compounds was examined and compared with the currently used additive, 2-methoxyethanol. Cladosporium resinae, Gliomastix sp., Candida sp., and Pseudo-monas aeruginosa were used as assay organisms. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and triethylene glycol monoethyl ether had approximately the same biocidal and biostatic properties as 2-methoxyethanol and appear to be suitable jet-fuel additives as far as the antimicrobial function is concerned. A relatively higher biocidal potency was shown by 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol, possibly because of their greater surface activity; however, nonbiological considerations preclude their use as fuel additives. (GRA)


In order to increase the involvement of local actors in forest management the article proposes a sociological analysis of the perceptions and actions engaging residents in relation with their local forest. The present case studies of alpine communities in Switzerland and France show how conflicts, values and ways of interaction vary according to the actors and depending on the relative importance of the service sector of the territories in question.


Objective:To evaluate the mobilization and hematopoietic reconstitution effects of improved CVP mobilization regimen plus rhG-CSF in 41 autologous peripheral blood stem cells transplantation(APBSCT)patients with hematological malignancies and solid neoplasms.Methods:Forty-one patients aged 39.6 years(range,18~67 years)(32 with hematological malignancies and 9 with solid neoplasms)were included from March 2001 to March 2006.The mobilization regimen was improved CVP regimen plus rhG-CSF.Mononuclear cells(MNC)harvest was performed when WBC recovered more than 4.0×109/L,and the MNC and CD34+ cells were counted.MNC was reinfused 48~72 hours after preconditioning of high dose chemotherapy.Results:WBC and PLT decreased to 1.0×109/L(0.1×109/L~0.8×109/L)and 40×109/L(4×109/L~36×109/L)respectively after mobilizing chemotherapy in all patients.Thirty four patients completed collection with a single apheresis,and 7 patients(5 patients with double APBSCT)underwent twice.The number of MNC and CD34+ cells obtained were 0.9×108/kg~8.3×108/kg(2.8±2.0×108/kg)and 1.1×106/kg ~9.4×106/kg(3.2±2.6×106/kg).No severe toxic reactions were observed.After conditioning,WBC recovered to 1.0×109/L at a median time of +11.3d(range +8~+16d),and PLT recovered to 50×109/L at a median time of +16.8d(range +13~+22d)except 3 patients.With a follow-up of 5 to 65 months after transplant,19 patients achieved complete remission(46.3%),13 patients partial remission(31.7%)and 9 patients no effects(22.0%).Conclusion:Improved CVP combined with rhG-CSF was a safe and effective regimen for the mobilization,which can be used in APBSCT with satisfying outcomes.


D eterm ination o f the first structure o f a chain-like polysulfane w ith five sulfur atom s in the chain has been attem pted. B is(triphenylm ethyl)pentasulfane form s m onoclin ic crystals con  taining disordered solvent m olecules preventing an accurate solution o f the structure. The (Ph3C )2S5 m olecules consist o f a helical C S S S S S C backbone (all torsion angles o f sam e sign) and triphenylm ethyl groups o f norm al conform ation. The analogous (P h3C )2S6 form s triclinic crystals; the m olecular conform ation o f the C S 6C chains is not helical, but the m o tif o f torsion angles is + H--------K In both com pounds the C S bonds are considerably longer (191 pm ) than com parable C S single bonds as in cyclo-C 2H 4S7. The latter forms m onoclin ic crystals consisting o f ring m olecules o f C, sym m etry which can form ally be derived from the crow n-shaped S8 ring by substituting one sulfur atom by a C2H 4 group o f approxi m ate C2h sym m etry.


The Middle East appears set to become a major source of petrochemicals in the coming decade. Opinions differ, however, about the magnitude of the effect on established producers in Western Europe and elsewhere. "The increasing involvement of the Middle East in the European petrochemical scene is likely to be one of the most significant happenings of the next decade," observes Stuart H. Wamsley, chemical industry marketing analyst with Hedderwick Stirling Grumbar in London. "With European growth rates likely to be on the low side, it will be up to western and Middle Eastern producers to take all possible steps to ensure that common sense prevails." On the other hand, Tony Church of Kidder Peabody's London office states, "In our opinion, Middle East exports, once they begin to arrive in West Europe, will not cause massive disruption. We believe that the Middle East threat will materialize only over a much longer term and even then will ...


The change In shape o f th e NMR free induction decay (FID) in so lid s i s c a lc u la te d fo r th e case o f th e p o in t d e fec t induced quadrupo le in te ra c t io n . The c a lc u la tio n agrees in form w ith th e r e s u l t o f Fedders and p re d ic ts an FID o f th e form V (t) e x p ( K t ^ ) , where V (t) i s the FID w ith no quadrupole in te ra c tio n (a p e rfe c t c r y s ta l ) , and K i s p ro p o rtio n a l to the d e fec t d en sity . Three experiments were con ducted using t h i s r e s u l t . We f i r s t adapt t h i s theory to analyze FID d a ta taken on th e th ree iso to p es in GaAs. The theory gives accu ra te f i t s to the d a ta , and defec t d e n s itie s a re c a lcu la te d from th e f i t param eters fo r se v e ra l therm ally damaged sanples and one doped sample. The d e n s itie s found fo r the damaged sanples agree w ith the p re d ic tio n o f a thermodynamic c a lc u la tio n , fo r the sm alle r d e n s i t ie s . S ig n if i  cant d ev ia tio n s occur a t d e n s i t ie s la rg e enough th a t approxim ations made in the l in e shape theory begin to b reak down. The magnitude o f th e dev ia tio n s i s la rg e r th an expected from th e breakdown o f theory a lo n e , and considered in l ig h t o f a rec en t c a lc u la tio n by Van Vechten i s now thought to be the r e s u l t o f a p h y sica l e f f e c t . The d e fec t d en sity measured fo r the doped sanple i s an o rder o f magnitude le s s than the charge c a r r ie r concen tra tion . This f a i lu r e may be due to th e breakdown in th e theory o r to donor c lu s te r in g on d is lo c a tio n s . The pseudodipolar and exchange coupling constan ts were measured fo r GaP and GaAs. The constan ts fo r GaP a re derived from measurev i merits o f the second moment o f 31p FIDs . The l in e shape theory i s used to e lim ina te th e quadrupolar co n trib u tio n s to th e second moments o f P ID 's in GaAs and sim plify measurement o f the coupling constan ts in th a t m a te ria l. R esu lts a re d iscussed w ith refe rence to th e o re t ic a l p re d ic tio n s based on an ex tension o f th e bond o r b i ta l model o f t e t r a h e d ra lly coordinated so lid s . Atomic displacem ent damage in GaAs s in g le c ry s ta ls by ^C o gamma ra d ia tio n was measured using c a lc u la tio n s based on th e l in e shape 1 ll theory . Charged d e fec t d en s ity in c reases o f (2 .6 + 1 .0 ) x 10 cm and (2 .8 + 1 . 1 ) x lO-^cm-3 were measured fo r garnna exposures o f 1 .4 l x 10-^cnT2 and 1.31 x 10-^cnf2 re s p e c tiv e ly . These r e s u l ts compare favorably w ith c a r r ie r removal r a te d a ta and th e o r e t ic a l c a lc u la tio n s o f d e fe c t d e n s i t ie s . Data were taken using a two p u lse sequence th a t reduces p ie z o e le c tr ic d is to r t io n of th e f re e induction decay.


The paper considers the issue of effective formation of a representative sample to train a neural network of a multilayer perceptron (MLP). As it is known, the key problem of MLP training is the factor space division into the test, validation and training sets. To solve this problem, an approach based on the use of clustering and a Lipschitz constant estimate is put forward. Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM) prove to be an effective clustering method. Based on such maps, the factor spaces of different dimensions are clustered and a representative sample is formed. Special software on C# programming language to calculate Lipschitz constant is developed. It allows Lipschitz constant calculation and subsequent clarification of factor space clusterization. To evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested approach, two training procedures are applied to the MLP neural network — with and without the use of clusterization with an estimate of Lipschitz constant. It is concluded that the approach under consideration influences the increase of the entropy as well as the decrease of the mean square error of the training set and, as a result, leads to the quality improvement of MLP neural network training with the small dimension of the factor space. Also, based on Lipschitz constant estimation, it is concluded that the training set entropy is not the only factor that has the main impact on the MLP training result.


The widespread existence of men's houses in Highland New Guinea raises the question as to the existence of the nuclear family in this area. We know that in some cases (e.g. the 'Sambiah') a married couple co-reside, despite the fear of the woman's alleged pollution. In others there may be symbolic isolation of the nuclear family, e.g. by subclassification in kin terminology. The matter is especially important in current kinship studies, wherein Marxist and 'radical' feminist models of sociality, which tend to see the nuclear family as a sort of Western aberration, abound.