Photoelectron-Auger electron coincidence spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the investigation of Auger decay processes with different core-ionized intermediate states. In this paper we describe an investigation into the Auger decay of the O2 molecule, with the purpose of bringing new insight into the dynamics of the core hole decay mechanism. Using a novel experimental approach to measuring such coincidence spectra we report the highest resolution Auger spectrum of O2 recorded hitherto. In our approach, we have combined the advantages of these coincidence spectra with the high resolution and excellent signal-to-noise ratios of non-coincident Auger spectra and a state-of-the-art fit analysis. In this way we derived information about the potential energy curves of the final states W 3 u, B 3 g, and B' 3 u and concluded that the corresponding Auger transitions are formed to a big part by strongly overlapping vibrational progressions. The present findings are compared to earlier results reported in the literature confirming some theoretical predictions. In addition, several new features are observed, which are attributed to autoionization of neutral doubly excited states.


Chloroacylation and bromoacylation of carbonyl compounds II. Structure of the by-products

The structures of the by-products formed in the reaction between paraformaldehyde and acetyl chloride as well as between acetaldehyde and acetyl chloride are elucidated. Optimum conditions for a high yield of the (α-chloroalkyl) ester 1 were obtained by variation of structure and reaction parameters. A speculative reaction scheme of the formation of by-products is discussed.


The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence African American parents' involvement in their children's middle school experiences. Two focus group interviews were conducted with African American parents. While the participants viewed parent involvement as important, they reported that family structure and socioeconomic status, school personnel's expectations of parents, and the practices and policies of middle school personnel influenced their level of involvement. The participants suggested that: setting higher expectations for African American students, establishing flexible meeting locations, offering workshops for homework help at home, and creating cultures that believe parents care would likely increase African American parent involvement. Parental involvement is strongly associated with the academic achievement among African American students (Educational Testing Service, 2007; Epstein, 2001; Hill & Craft, 2003; Jarrett & Burton, 1999). Collaboration between parents and schools has become increasingly more important as society has recognized that schools alone cannot educate students (Epstein & Sheldon, 2006; Machen, Wilson, & Notar, 2005). Racial biases within schools have, however, dissuaded many African American parents from folly participating in their children's academic experiences. Typically, school personnel view African American parents as being uneducated and as a result interact with them in a negative manner (Lareau & Horvat, 1999). Accordingly, many African American parents have become critical of the school's agenda and unwilling to support or respect its goals and objectives (Williams & Baber, 2007). Teachers' responses become those of apathy and distrust when parents approach them to discuss these goals and objectives with regard to their children. Thus, when African American parents do try to become involved, teachers reject their efforts, further widening the divide between African American parents and the school (Lareau & Horvat, 1999). The tendency to criticize schools and teachers is more prevalent among working-class and poor African American parents than middle-class and affluent African American families. In addition, middle class African American parents are generally pleased with their children's education, while working-class African American parents tend to be more dissatisfied, often perceiving schools as being resistant to their involvement (Diamond & Gomez, 2004). Research suggests that typically African American parents are less engaged in their children's academic experiences than their White counterparts (Abdul-Adil & Farmer, 2006). Consequently, many educators do not believe that African American parents care about their children's education (Thompson, 2003). However, Field-Smith (2005) found that although many "teachers often perceive African American parents as uninvolved and disinterested in their children's education" (p. 130), they "valued the education of their children and made it a priority in their lives" (p. 133). Parents have the potential to increase school performance (Bowen & Bowen, 1998a, 1998b; Hango, 2007). Parents who talk with their children about school generally score higher on reading and mathematics tests (Bracey, 1996; Jeynes, 2005). Gutman and McLloyd (2000) found that parents of high-achieving African American students used various strategies to assist their children at home such as tutoring, additional academic work, and close monitoring of their children's homework schedule. They also held high expectations for their children's academic performance, supported their academic aspirations, were actively involved in their children's schooling, and maintained contact with school personnel. High-achieving African American parents also ensured that their children were actively involved in various types of community-based activities such as dance, art, music, and religious groups. …


Background. The study of the tactics of managing patients with pulmonary embolism in the hospital period allows to find new approaches to treatment to reduce mortality. At the same time, it is known that the risk factors for death in patients of different age categories differ.
Aim. To study the features of the course of the disease and risk factors for a fatal hospital outcome in patients with pulmonary embolism in different age groups of participants in the All-Russian registry, which was named SIRENA (RusSIan REgister of pulmoNAry embolism).
Material and methods. The study included 570 patients with pulmonary embolism (database of the SIRENA multicenter registry in 20182019), who underwent a standard examination. They were divided into two groups according to age: the first group was 1869 years old inclusive (n=369), the second group was 70 years and older (n=201). Differences in clinical history, laboratory and instrumental parameters in the studied groups of patients were assessed. Statistical comparison of data was performed using the MannWhitney test, Pearson test, and Fisher's exact test. For a quantitative description of the closeness of the association of a sign with the outcome of the disease, the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was determined.
Results. In the group of patients aged 1869 years, deaths occurred 3 times less frequently than in the group of patients aged 70 years and older (8.9 vs 26.3%; p 0.0001). The risk of death increases in the presence of atrial fibrillation by 2.6 times (p=0.032), anemia with hemoglobin 113 g/l by 4.3 times (p=0.0002), chronic kidney disease by 5.5 times (p=0.001), increase in blood creatinine 125 mmol/l 5.8 times (p 0.001). Additional risk factors in patients aged 70 years and older are ischemic heart disease (p=0.02), a history of stroke (p=0.003), and immobilization for 12 months prior to hospitalization (p 0.0001).
Conclusion. In patients aged 1869 years, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and impaired renal function are fatal risk factors; at the age of 70 years and older, along with these, previous immobilization and comorbid cardiovascular pathology have an adverse effect.


Purpose
This paper aims to present a longitudinal and visualizing study using scientometric approaches to depict the historical changes in the academic community, intellectual base and research hotspots within the business domain.

Design/methodology/approach
Two mapping methods are used, namely, co-citation analysis and co-occurrence analysis. Both the co-citation analysis and co-occurrence analysis in this study are conducted using CiteSpace, a Java-based scientific visualization software.

Findings
This paper detects changes in academic communities in 24 business journals chosen by the University of Texas at Dallas as leading journals (UTD24) and identifies the research hotspots such as corporate governance, organizational research and capital research. Many authors and academic communities appear in two or even three periods, which indicates the lasting academic vitality of scholars in this field. This paper determines the evolution of scholars' research interests by identifying high-frequency keywords during the entire period.

Originality/value
This paper reveals a systematic and holistic picture of the developmental landscape of the business domain, which can provide a potential guide for future research. Furthermore, based on empirical data and knowledge visualization, the intellectual structure and evolution of the business domain can be identified more objectively.


We call two Engel structures isotopic if they are homotopic through Engel structures by a homotopy that fixes the characteristic line field. In the present paper we define an isotopy invariant of Engel structures on oriented circle bundles over closed oriented three-manifolds and apply it to give an isotopy classification of Engel structures on circle bundles with characteristic line field tangent to the fibers.


In this paper we show how to use two‐colored pixels as a generic tool for image processing. We apply two‐colored pixels as a basic operator as well as a supporting data structure for several image processing applications. Traditionally, images are represented by a regular grid of square pixels with one constant color each. In the two‐colored pixel representation, we reduce the image resolution and replace blocks of N × N pixels by one square that is split by a (feature) line into two regions with constant colors. We show how the conversion of standard mono‐colored pixel images into two‐colored pixel images can be computed efficiently by applying a hierarchical algorithm along with a CUDA‐based implementation. Two‐colored pixels overcome some of the limitations that classical pixel representations have, and their feature lines provide minimal geometric information about the underlying image region that can be effectively exploited for a number of applications. We show how to use two‐colored pixels as an interactive brush tool, achieving realtime performance for image abstraction and non‐photorealistic filtering. Additionally, we propose a realtime solution for image retargeting, defined as a linear minimization problem on a regular or even adaptive two‐colored pixel image. The concept of two‐colored pixels can be easily extended to a video volume, and we demonstrate this for the example of video retargeting.


cyclotetraphosphazene derivative having eight chains was synthesized from octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, which was employed along with cholesterol for the preparation of vesicles. The resulting vesicles were characterized by TEM and encapsulation efficiency. The stability of the vesicles was enhanced in the presence of dihexadecylphosphate


In wireless applications the antenna pattern is shaped so a to cancel interfering signals and produce strong beam towards the wanted signal. Such antenna system is called smart antenna system. Smart antenna solves the problem of forward path in mobile communication in particular. For getting information of direction of signals many methods are in practice. Mathematical calculations are tedious in most of the methods. This paper presents a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm (MPSO) to optimization the tap weights of the steering vector smart antenna system. For reducing mathematical burden we consider a reference signal similar to desired signal. The fitness (relative) error is compared with original particle swarm algorithm (PSO). The results show that proposed method is better by optimizing at faster rate than PSO.


The utility model relates to a die which comprises a cutter rest, a fixing haft and a male die; wherein the replaceable male die is mounted at the front end of the cutter rest and the male die is mounted on the cutter rest by a fixing device. The utility model has the advantages of that the male die can be replaced if the male die is damaged, the original cutter rest can still work and unnecessary waste is reduced.


Various optical nonlinearities are examined from the viewpoint of applications to all-optical ultrafast optical switching elements (OSEs). It is pointed out that optical nonlinearities in the usual configurations, in which the pump and signal photon energies are both close to the band gap energy, do nol satisfy some basic requirements for the nonlinear materials for the ultrafast OSEs. A general configuration, the two-photon-absorption-free inverse Raman process, is suggested as an possible configuration which satisfies all the basic requirements. The optical quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) in quantum-well structures (QWSs) corresponds to this configuration. It is pointed out that we can achieve practical ultrafast OSEs by using the optical QCSE in a high-quality GaAs/AlAs QWS with thin wells ("" 40 ,l).


The manuscript introduces Neighborhood Base Matched Morphological Filters (NBM-MF) by fusion of linear lowpass filtering process into the mathematical morphology structure of the operators. This internal cross-fertilization is gained via the deployment of a dynamic structuring element that adaptively matches itself to the neighborhood base of the signal/image. The neighborhood base is indeed the base-line/base-surface of the signal/image approximated by linear lowpass filtering called hereafter 'base'. This cross-fertilization enables NBM-MF for modifying geometrical features of the signal/image more adaptively to the local geometry, and thereof having stronger filtering efficiency and less side effects of disturbing the original structure of the signal/image. The morphological smoothing is deployed for the efficiency evaluation of NBM-MF compared to the classical MF. Using three different numerical evaluation criteria, the morphological smoothing of signals with different noise and different base structure approves the higher efficiency of NBM-MF with respect to the classical one.


f -Tochopherol transfer protein ( f TTP), a 32 kDa protein exclusively expressed in liver cytosol, has a high binding affinity for f -tochopherol. The factors that regulate the expression of hepatic f TTP are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated whether or not exposure to hyperoxia (>95% O 2 for 48 h) could alter the expression of hepatic f TTP. We also examined the association between the expression of antioxidant enzymes (hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD)) and the expression of hepatic f TTP. The levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in both plasma and liver were significantly higher after rats were exposed to hyperoxia for 48 h when compared with the levels in control rats. Northern blotting showed a decrease in the expression of f TTP messenger RNA (mRNA) after hyperoxia, although the f TTP protein level remained constant. Expression of Mn-SOD mRNA and protein, as well as the expression of GPX mRNA, were stable after hyperoxia. These findings indicate that mRNA for hepatic f TTP, rather than Mn-SOD or GPX, may be highly responsive to oxidative stress.


Abstract : A numerically stable, accurate, and robust form of the exponential characteristic (EC) method, used to solve the time-independent linearized Boltzmann Transport Equation, is derived using direct affine coordinate transformations on unstructured meshes of tetrahedra. This quadrature, as well as the linear characteristic (LC) spatial quadrature, is implemented in our transport code, called TETRAN. This code solves multi-group neutral particle transport problems with anisotropic scattering and was parallelized using High Performance Fortran and angular domain decomposition. A new, parallel algorithm for updating the scattering source is introduced. The EC source and inflow flux coefficients are efficiently evaluated using Broyden's rootsolver, started with special approximations developed here. TETRAN showed robustness, stability and accuracy on a variety of challenging test problems. Parallel speed-up was observed as the number of processors was increased using an IBM SP computer system.


To the Editor: —In going over the reply to the inquiry on this subject (The Journal, February 6, p. 437), it seems to me that your answer is somewhat confusing. I was particularly interested in it, as the quotation from Tice's Practice of Medicine evidently is not taken from the last edition. The dosage given in the quotation is not intended for use in the tuberculin test but in treatment. In the last article on pulmonary tuberculosis, which Dr. Hayes and I revised, a different dose is suggested. I am inclined to believe that your quotation from Koch refers to a typical reaction occurring in a patient who has definite tuberculosis and not the reaction that might possibly occur in a normal and healthy person. If the normal and healthy person is young, no reaction whatever will, of course, occur even to 1 cc. of tuberculin. Koch, I think, states


In our view of the market of data, data should be sold at an agreed price, opened for free, or shared under agreed conditions after negotiation in order to increase, rather than decrease, data providers' business opportunities, as a result, decision makers and data analysts can be provided with data needed. In addition, knowledge and skills related to data analysis should be shared among data users in order to make better use of provided data and animate the market. For such a market, we recognize the necessity to design or redesign the market of data where data providers and users understand the value of data through active communication such as discussion on the scenario of data use and negotiation for deal conditions. At the same time, we also recognize that such communication are likely to happen in an ideal market environment. Thus we introduce Innovators' Marketplace on Data Jackets (IMDJ) to create scenarios of data use as well as share data analysis skills. Innovators' Marketplace (IM) is a creativity support process on the metaphor of a marketplace, which features not only design for aiding innovative thinking and communication but also tools for data visualization. It has been applied to cases of decision making in real business. Data Jacket is a meta-data format we introduce to update IM to IMDJ, where scenarios of data use are created and proper data and analysis methods are specified without exposing the full contents of data sets.


Individual social deprivation (ISD) can have significant impact on the life conditions. However, few studies explored the impact of ISD on the preventive behaviors adopted by pregnant women (PW) in relation to exposure of chemicals.

 This study aims to describe the link between ISD and the perception of chemical and environmental risks.

 A cross-sectional survey was performed among PW present in maternity hospitals in Auvergne (France). Face-to-face interviews with a standardized questionnaire were used to collect anonymously the data (socio-demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, perception of environmental risks (PER Score based on Likert scale ranking from 0 to 10), individual social deprivation (by EPICES score)). Statistical analysis (univariate analysis - logistic regression) was performed with Modalisa® 8.0 (Kynos, Paris).

 300 PW (29±5 years old) were included. The majority of PW reported being aware of the risks associated with chemicals. The PER Score is estimated at 6.3±1.8. It was significantly associated with parity and trimester of pregnancy, and inversely linked to age of PW. The EPICES Score was 19.9 ±17.8 (rank: 0-85). With a precariousness threshold of 30, only a quarter of the PW were in a precarious situation. The EPICES Score was inversely related to age, smoking behaviors, and environmental risks perception. The criterion of choice of everyday products was linked to the EPICES score. 'Organic products' were mainly used by PW with EPICES Score < 30 (not precarious).

 The weight of social determinisms on environmental sensitivity highlights the need for targeted prevention. The role of health professionals in prevention and environmental health promotion is essential, especially to detect women of low socioeconomic status who may not be sensitive to media messages and prevention campaigns disseminated by health authorities.

 Perinatal health professionals must have a major role in environmental health promotion, especially for pregnant women with individual social deprivation. Perception of chemicals and environmental risks was inversely linked to the individual social deprivation (EPICES score) in this French PW population.


ESOUNDMAPS is an ongoing research program that aims in developing a wireless audio sensor network (WASN) and deploying it at the surrounding environmental area of the Technological Institute of Piraeus in Attica, Greece. The proposed WASN will be used for the environmental monitoring of the area and aims to be used in the future for assessing the impact of human generated noise to the wildlife. Collected sound samples will be forwarded by the sensor nodes to a central server where they will be automatically evaluated with respect to their identity; environmental sound maps will be generated based on the evaluation of these sound samples. High-level sound classification is defined herein as the act of classifying a sound sample to three broad categories namely anthropogenic, biophysical (other than human) and geophysical sounds. In this paper we present an integrated platform that includes sound sample denoising using wavelets, feature extraction from sound samples and Gaussian mixture modeling of these features, and a powerful two-layer neural network classifier for the automated high-level classification of incoming sound samples. Classification results, obtained using digital sound samples, exhibit outstanding classification accuracy (sometimes reaching or exceeding 98% correct vs. incorrect estimates), thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach in realistic environments.


The giant magnetostrictive actuator( GMA) has some advantages,such as fast response,large magnetostrictive strain,high electromechanical transformation efficiency and so on. However,the GMA exhibites nonlinear characteristics of magneticelastic coupling and frequency-dependent hysteresis,which severely hinders the accuracy of GMA's output displacement as well as its further applications. In order to design and use the GMA effectively,a suitable hysteresis nonlinearity model should be established. A Preisach-based numerical model for describing the nolinear hysteresis of GMA was derived on the study of the classic Preisach model, and the Preisach restrict plane was discretized into Levels uniformly,and a lot of experiment data were carried to identify the parameters of Preisach-based numerical model. The results reveal that the hysteresis nolinear model can well describe the practical situation. It has guiding significance for improving the positioning precision of GMA.


While the question of men and/in feminism has long been
subject to different (and often opposed) views and opinions, the
more specific issue of men in feminist literary criticism remains
largely unexplored. Nevertheless, the question of men in
feminism is not exactly the same as the question of men in
feminist literary criticism. As Toril Moi indicates, "while the latter
is an interesting and relevant problem in its own right, it is
strange, to say the least, not to find a single discussion of the
difference between these two questions." This paper thus sets out
to address the particular subject of men and/in feminist literary
criticism. While acknowledging the diversities within -and
disagreements between- male and female feminisms, it posits that
men can and should get involved in feminist literary theory,
arguing that (female) feminism could be widened and enriched by
new male feminist critical perspectives.


In order to obtain mutant strains with high wall polysaccharide production,84 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from cabernet.Wall polysaccharide production of these yeasts strains were analysed rate by phenol-sulfuric acid method.Among mutant strains,four strains with higher wall polysaccharide production than the control were selected.The characteristics of vinification properties,tolerance to low-temperature,alcohol and sulfur dioxide of the four strains were investigated.From the analysis,strain K73 was obtained for higher wall polysaccharide production rate and the satisfactory comprehensive fermentation characteristics.


The debate between self discipline and heteronomy of music hasnt reached a conclusion so far,which is due to the incorrectly traditional thinking method of dualism. The double essence to music can be obtained when we do away with the thought of dualism and start with the two fundamental attributes of nature and society contained in music.


We first came together because of Undercover, and we got to know each other through this common interest. Undercover brought us together here, and even though it has made us sad, it has also strengthened our happiness. I began browsing the "Making Fun of Undercover" bulletin board the very first day it started. It became compulsory reading for me, and eventually I joined the discussion myself. Here, I found joy and friendship that helped me forget my unhappiness and the pain of my illness. My fellow "net bar" posters have sacrificed a lot of their time to pour out their emotions here. . . Numerous children of the '80s and '90s have enthusiastically participated after completing their homework, and judging from their responses, it's clear they have deep and sincere affection for our whole bulletin board family. And net friends who are already working have managed to squeeze out time in the midst of their work and family duties to post contributions and add to our joy. . . . I am deeply moved by all of this enthusiasm. A few days ago, when I was preparing some statistics on the 1 I would like to thank the organizers at the School of Journalism, Chinese University of Hong Kong, for inviting me to attend a workshop on Chinese language television drama and for generously sponsoring a one-month visiting scholarship, during which this paper was conceived. I particularly benefited from inspiring exchanges with Anthony Fung, Joseph Chan, Eric Ma, Lili Zhu, Ruoyun Bai, and Zhi'an Zhang. Pal Nyiri, Faye H. Xiao, and Yi Zhou also gave useful suggestions after reading my first draft. I also thank the two anonymous readers for their insightful and constructive questions for revision and Kirk Denton for his careful editorial work. Finally, I would like to thank Colin Hawes, my first reader and at-hand editor for his generosity and patience during the writing process.


Background and Aim: The maintenance of pregnancy in livestock requires specific metabolic and functional changes between conception and the end of gestation, mediated through the interplay of hormones. The objectives of this study were to delineate the changes in plasma progesterone, estradiol, triiodothyronine (T 3 ), thyroxine (T 4 ), insulin, and cortisol concentrations during periparturient period in black Bengal goats and to elucidate the interrelationship between T 4 and cortisol in building up of the estradiol prior to parturition. Methods: The blood samples were collected on days −25, −20, −15, −10, and −5 with respect to the date of expected kidding, on the day of kidding (day 0) and also on days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 postpartum. Plasma was separated and stored at −20΀C until assay of hormones by radioimmunoassay. Results: Plasma progesterone concentration declined from day − 25 abruptly to the day of kidding and remained at basal level up to day 25 postpartum; whereas, plasma estradiol concentration declined abruptly from the day of kidding to a lower level than that of prepartum. Plasma insulin concentration declined ( P th postpartum. Plasma T 3 and T 4 concentrations decreased from day 25 prepartum to the day of kidding which increased by day 25 postpartum. Conclusion: Plasma estradiol was positively correlated with cortisol and T 4 indicating that changes in cortisol and T 4 levels contribute to increase in estradiol prior to delivery and therefore may directly influence the process of parturition.


In order to depress the embrittlement induced by grain boundary segregation of arsenic in steel, the effect of Ce addition on the formation of arsenious inclusions and arsenic concentration at grain boundaries were systematically investigated in iron melts. The results showed that different types of arsenious rare earth inclusions were formed with different Ce content. As Ce content increased from 0.037 to 0.095 wt%, the dominant inclusion in the melt was changed from the Ce‐S‐O inclusion fully coated by Ce‐S‐As inclusion to the Ce‐S‐As inclusion completely covered by Ce‐As inclusion. Simultaneously, the single Ce‐S‐As and Ce‐As inclusions were also detected when Ce content was more than 0.055 wt%. The amount and average size of inclusions increased with increasing Ce content. Transmission electron microscope analysis indicated that the Ce‐As inclusion was the CeAs phase, which was formed during solidification process. Furthermore, concentration of arsenic on grain boundaries after adding Ce was decreased to the level of the matrix.


Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) was inoculated with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita to investigate the anatomical abnormalities in the affected roots. Soon after inoculation the second-stage juveniles (J2) entered at or near the root caps and migrated intercellularly towards the zone of vascular differentiation. Discrete giant cells were observed after three days of inoculation. The nematode induced hypertrophy and hyperplasia near the giant cells. After six days, the juveniles moulted to their third stage (J3). At the same, time giant cell size and density of giant cell cytoplasm increased. The continuity of vascular strands remained unaffected. Between 12 and 24 days of inoculation the giant cells enlarged several times and became multinucleate and enclosed dense and granular cytoplasm. The nematodes became almost pyriform 18 days after inoculation. The orientation of vascular strands changed, due to hypertrophy, hyperplasia and enlargement of the nematode. After 30 days of inoculation the nematodes developed into mature females and started egg laying. A large amount of parenchyma transformed into abnormal xylem.


Low-spin states built on the $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}\ensuremath{\nu}{h}_{11/2}$ configuration in ${}^{134}\mathrm{Pr}$ have been studied using a ${}^{119}\mathrm{Sn}{(}^{19}\mathrm{F},4n)$ fusion-evaporation reaction. A planar low-energy photon spectrometer along with a low-$Z$ target chamber was utilized in an array of five high-purity Ge detectors for the purpose of measuring low-energy $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays. A 39.3-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray was discovered as a new transition at the bottom of the band. The transition was found to have an $M1$ multipolarity, determined from the internal conversion coefficients evaluated from the missing transition intensity. The new bandhead was assigned and was identified as an isomeric state with a mean lifetime of $\ensuremath{\tau}=4.6(1)\mathrm{ns}.$ This bandhead decays by a 306-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transition that was found to have an $E1$ multipolarity through the analysis of the angular distribution asymmetry.


Multi-bit memory cell data readout device and method, the device has a reference voltage generating part generating a plurality of reference voltages, from the portion of the control gate of the memory cell plus a plurality of successive portions of the reference voltage switch, when each of the reference voltage applied a clock signal control section of the data storage unit recorded with a reference value read out the comparison section, for controlling an external main clock signal and a signal reading section highest reference voltage selection signal of the logical operation, the switch control section and generates a reference voltage applied to the continuous the highest reference voltage control section generates a clock signal control section and the latch section latching the control data portion of the data clock signal to a clock signal control section.


Background: A person with weak A antigen expression is presented. Objectives: The study aimed to reveal weak A antigen by different methods applied in laboratories. Materials and methods: The reaction of adsorption, agglutination, and inhibition of agglutination were performed at 4 °C, 10 °C, 13 °C, 20 °C, and 37 °C for 1-13 hrs and one-day incubation. The complement of the guinea pig was added to the heated serum to reveal hemolysis. Results: A person's red blood cells reacted with commercial anti-B sera. Whereas anti-A and anti-B (reactive at 37 °C) antibodies were found in the serum. The person demonstrated anti-A antibody adsorbing ability at 4 °C. The plasma of the person inhibited agglutination of A and B RBCs by polyclonal sera. The blood culture was positive for Proteus vulgaris infection. Conclusion: The presence of weak A antigen was detected the best by the adsorption method at low temperatures with polyclonal sera from the O blood group.


Networks and territory: IIRSA in focus In recent decades, geographers are facing the genesis of a new research field and professional action: the territorial development planning. That is the ambit where the debate on integration processes for territorial development is located, particularly those associated with the initiative process for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA). The South America Strategic Vision (VESA) becomes the main focus of this initiative, and the Indicative Territorial Planing Method is the central methodological tool to implement this vision and thus trigger sustainable development processes in the territory. We aim to unravel the relationship between the Brazilian territorial development strategy approach of and VESA. We note also some elements that should be taken into consideration so as to improve the methodological tool. In this sense, we start with the strategic vision to arrive proposing a new methodological and more integrative approach of the territory. The elements that connect one point to another pass through the methodological analysis of the proposal itself, the Integration and Development Axes, the study of relationships between networks and territories, as well as assessing the need for a proposed South American urban system. Such a system, we believe, should be the basis on which to support the whole structure of the integration process for the sustainable development of South American territory, including the IIRSA´s Axes and the necessary investments in the urban centers of the network and its hierarchy and functionality.


We present a heuristic search algorithm for solving first-order MDPs (FOMDPs). Our approach combines first-order state abstraction that avoids evaluating states individually, and heuristic search that avoids evaluating all states. Firstly, we apply state abstraction directly on the FOMDP avoiding propositionalization. Such kind of abstraction is referred to as first-order state abstraction. Secondly, guided by an admissible heuristic, the search is restricted only to those states that are reachable from the initial state. We demonstrate the usefullness of the above techniques for solving FOMDPs on a system, referred to as FC-Planner, that entered the probabilistic track of the International Planning Competition (IPC'2004).


Laurel Brunner and illustrator Zoran Jevtic show how the Internet has created an environment for new forms of social interaction, and provided free information access on all manner of topics from AIDS research to atomic bomb construction. This lively, fully illustrated work also investigates the moral issues which have come to the fore, including freedom of speech, copyright and censorship.


Based on ADAMS/CAR software, a rigid axle suspension model was established through using the method of ; flexible multi-body dynamics, and the simulation of kinematical characteristics of the rigid axle suspension was carried out. The varying regularity of the parameters and the influence of the suspension on handing stability are analyzed. The results provide a basis for the suspension design. Compared with traditional methods, the rigid-flexible coupled modeling technique can improve the simulating precision of rigid axle suspension.


One of the most important data requirements for pavement management systems is pavement condition, including such aspects as surface distress, profile, structural response, and skid resistance. Pavement distress includes characteristics of pavement fracture, distortion, and disintegration. The pavement crack is one of the most important distress types. However, there is no widely accepted measure for cracking in pavements. Presently, the most widely used distress detection method is by manual inspection. This approach serves well and is simple to implement. However it possesses many shortcomings. The most obvious ones are the inefficiency of time and labor. In addition, the safety of raters is endangered due to high-speed traffic on highways. Inconsistent rating also complicates the reliability of field surveys. During the last few years, a number of automated distress measuring devices have been developed using advanced image processing techniques. New image processing algorithms are still being introduced, and the automated devices are continuously being improved with respect to their performance. These automated image processing techniques have the following merits: (1) Both time and labor are saved; (2) Raters are not exposed to traffic because the detection is done in the lab; and (3) Consistent ratings are obtained as a result of using the same set of algorithms. This paper discusses the development of a pattern recognition model for pavement distress by utilizing artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. The discussion is focused on the development of distress image-processing algorithms, which determines the type of distress pattern on a pavement. The types of distresses used in the model are alligator, longitudinal, transversal, block and diagonal cracks and the ANN typology used is the back-propagation method. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E204151.


-Deficiency of drinkable water is the major trouble facing by the world for saving the human beings because very less amount of clean/pure water for consuming is available on the earth almost 1% .to fulfill this need we have to develop new technology, new concept, new ideas to enhance the output of distillation. By using solar distillation with advanced mechanism. Considering this things into brain, we have designed distillatory to convert more dirty/ unclean water into cleaned/drinkable water using sun's energy (e.g. sun radiation) by feeding externally pre -heated water to the basin of solar still. This modified design produces maximum clean water as output and enhances efficiency of the distillation.


Objective To explore the expression of p53 and Cyclin E in gallbladder carcinoma tissue and their significance. Methods The expression of p53 and Cyciln E in gallbladder carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical technique and 50 cases of chronic cholecystitis tissues were collected as control. Results The positive expression rate of p53 and Cyclin E was higher in gallbladder carcinoma than that in chronic cholecystitis tissues. It was also higher in mid-low differerentiated gallbladder carcinoma than that in high differerentiated tissues. The expression of p53 had no significant difference between the early stage gallbladder carcinoma(Nevin I and II) and advanced stage(Nevin III-V) in while Cyclin E had. The lymphatic metastasis was not related with the expression of p53 and Cyclin E. The 1-year survival rate was not related with the expression of p53, but it was higher in patients whose Cyclin E were negative than positive ones. Conclusion Analysis of expression of p53 and Cyclin E is helpful to the early diagnosis and prognostic indication of gallbladder carcinoma.


(57) ABSTRACT The invention proposes a method for configuring a network, wherein the network comprises a plurality of network Sec tions, the method comprising the steps of accessing (S2) data from network Sections; forming (S3) groups of network Sections using a clustering method by using at least part of the accessed data as input data; and processing (S4) param eter on network Section group level. By this method, the operation load during optimising a network consisting of a large number of cells can be greatly reduced. The invention also proposes a corresponding network optimising System.


With the application of aerial plant protection technology in field spraying, how to intuitively and quickly obtain the impact of propeller downwash flow field on droplet deposition has become an important aspect of field management. The unstructured grid is used for the propeller rotation area, the structured grid is used for the surrounding fluid domain; After the mesh generation, use Fluent software to iteratively calculate the propeller-fluid domain mesh model until the calculated residual values converge, In this way, the aerodynamic parameters of the propeller and the discrete grid value distribution of the surrounding fluid domain are obtained; In the OpenGL environment, use SPH method to establish the physical attribute particle model of the droplet, Create a mixed space domain of octree and KD tree at the same time, import pre-calculated grid numerical distribution data, and initialize the octree and KD tree in the fluid domain; Finally, the hybrid structure index algorithm is used to obtain the changes of the flow field around the particles, and the motion is solved based on Newton's law to obtain the multi-particle flow field motion trajectory with high frame rate.


Cleveland has a rich history in the development of modern dance. Because dance is mainly experienced in the here and now, the collective knowledge and artistic skills of many dance artists are mostly shared with viewers of their live performances or those who they mentor. This project uses video documentation to explore the approaches and insights of a choreographer and dancers in the creative process. The resulting piece of videography will inform the design of a future digital archive of many dance artists associated with CSU and the greater dance community. Videographers Rafeeq Roberts and Danielle Davis filmed Amy Miller, Associate Artistic Director of Gibney Dance, NY and former Northeast Ohioan during the CSU Summer Dance Workshop as she taught technique and creative process, and choreographed a dance for CSU dance students. The four dancers collaborated with her in the creation of the work. Providing a varied perspective on the creative process, three other influential dance artists with connections to Northeast Ohio were also recorded sharing their experiences in teaching, rehearsing, and performing. The final digital work is a creative product that serves as an aesthetic and informational resource. Through its creation, insight for developing a future digital archive preserving many dance artists' visions has been initiated.


Abstract Background The role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection and HCV-RNA in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) in HIV-positive persons remains unclear. Methods Poisson regression was used to compare incidence rates of DM (blood glucose >11.1 mmol/L, HbA1C >6.5% or >48 mmol/mol, starting antidiabetic medicine or physician reported date of DM onset) between current HIV/HCV groups (anti-HCV-negative, spontaneously cleared HCV, chronic untreated HCV, successfully treated HCV, HCV-RNA-positive after HCV treatment). Results A total of 16 099 persons were included; at baseline 10 091 (62.7%) were HCV-Ab-negative, 722 (4.5%) were spontaneous clearers, 3614 (22.4%) were chronically infected, 912 (5.7%) had been successfully treated, and 760 (4.7%) were HCV-RNA-positive after treatment. During 136 084 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; median [interquartile range], 6.9 [3.6–13.2]), 1108 (6.9%) developed DM (crude incidence rate, 8.1/1000 PYFU; 95% CI, 7.7–8.6). After adjustment, there was no difference between the 5 HCV strata in incidence of DM (global P = .33). Hypertension (22.2%; 95% CI, 17.5%–26.2%) and body mass index >25 (22.0%; 95% CI, 10.4%–29.7%) had the largest population-attributable fractions for DM. Conclusions HCV coinfection and HCV cure were not associated with DM in this large study. The biggest modifiable risk factors were hypertension and obesity, and continued efforts to manage such comorbidities should be prioritized.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the changes in tensile strength properties of artificially punctured chorioamniotic membranes after sealing the defect with fibrin glue, a tissue sealant.

STUDY DESIGN
Chorioamniotic membranes were obtained from 30 term, uncomplicated pregnancies immediately after delivery. Adjacent, same-sized strips were cut from each membrane sample. After baseline tensile strength properties were obtained, identical size holes were made on each strip, and fibrin glue was applied onto half the specimens. Following adequate stabilization of fibrin, tensile strength properties--rupture tension, strain to rupture and work to rupture--were measured.

RESULTS
Membrane puncture decreased the tensile strength characteristics, indicating weakening of the chorioamniotic membranes: Rupture tension (g/cm) dropped from 153.1 +/- 12.3 to 76.8 +/- 15.7; strain to rupture (%) from 193.9 +/- 29.9 to 152.6 +/- 36.8; and work to rupture (g x cm) from 560.8 +/- 51.8 to 239.0 +/- 65.5 (P < .05). Significant increases were noted in rupture tension (116.0 +/- 19.6), strain to rupture (173.5 +/- 30.8) and work to rupture (394.3 +/- 91.3) after application of fibrin glue; however, all three measurements remained less than prepuncture values (P < .05).

CONCLUSION
Fibrin glue effectively improved the structural integrity of artificially punctured chorioamniotic membranes.


The nuclear mean-field potentials obtained in the Hartree-Fock method with different choices of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction have been used to study the equation of state (EOS) of the neutron star (NS) matter. The EOS of the uniform NS core has been calculated for the npe{mu} composition in the {beta} equilibrium at zero temperature, using version Sly4 of the Skyrme interaction as well as two density-dependent versions of the finite-range M3Y interaction (CDM3Yn and M3Y-Pn), and versions D1S and D1N of the Gogny interaction. Although the considered effective NN interactions were proven to be quite realistic in numerous nuclear structure and/or reaction studies, they give quite different behaviors of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter at supranuclear densities that lead to the soft and stiff scenarios discussed recently in the literature. Different EOS's of the NS core and the EOS of the NS crust given by the compressible liquid drop model have been used as input of the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations to study how the nuclear symmetry energy affects the model prediction of different NS properties, like the cooling process as well as the gravitational mass, radius, and moment of inertia.


Cognitive-behavioral group counseling was studied with students that exhibited externalizing behavior. A total of 24 male students (12 control and 12 experimental) who exhibited externalizing behavior participated in this study. The intervention resulted in clear and salutary changes in the behavioral adjustment of students. The intervention demonstrates that school counselors can play a substantial role in remediating and preventing disruptive behavior in schools.


Background: The premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is a controversial issue in midwifery thatprevention efforts cannot be done because the exact etiology has not been acknowledged. The PROM maylead to infection to mother and baby, hence may increase the morbidity and mortality of mothers andbabies.Objectives: To investigate the etiology of premature rupture of membrane ( PROM) viewed from gemelly,polihidramnion, distency of uterus, and fetal stress factors.Methods: The study was a descriptive research and used documentation study method. The samples usedwas 111 records in 2013 at Panembahan Senopati Bantul Hospital.Results : The etiology of the PROM in Panembahan Senopati Bantul Hospital were fetal stress (45%),distency of uterus (41,4%), polihidramnion (10,8%) and the least was gemelly (2,7%).Conclusion : The most frequent etiology of the PROM at Panembahan Senopati Bantul Hospital in 2013 wasfetal stress (45%).Keywords: Premature Rupture of Membrane, Pregnancy


OBJECTIVE
To observe p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) expression and its possible role after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rat.

METHODS
Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to spinal cord injury. To explore the pathological and physiological significance of PAK6, the expression patterns and distribution of PAK6 were observed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

RESULTS
Western blot analysis showed PAK6 protein level was significantly up-regulated on day 2 and day 4, then reduced and had no up-regulation till day 14. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expression of PAK6 was significantly increased on day 4 compared with the control group. Besides, double immunofluorescence staining showed PAK6 was primarily expressed in the neurons and astrocytes in the control group. While after injury, the expression of PAK6 was increased significantly in the astrocytes and neurons, and the astrocytes were largely proliferated. We also examined the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and found its change was correlated with the expression of PAK6. Importantly, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that cell proliferation evaluated by PCNA appeared in many PAK6-expressing cells on day 4 after injury.

CONCLUSION
The up-regulation of PAK6 in the injured spinal cord may be associated with glial proliferation.


With more electric aircraft (MEA) development, the power electronics power rating for the MEA power system is increasing. As a result, the number and power rating of the constant power loads (CPLs) in the system is gradually rising. However, the negative impedance characteristics of the CPLs may cause the system to be unstable. The impedance model of the variable frequency AC three-stage generator (VFAC-TSG), the main power supply of the MEA variable frequency AC power system, is required to analyze the stability of the MEA variable frequency AC power system. This article proposes a small-signal impedance model of the VFAC- TSG in the synchronous d-q frame. In addition, the terminal characteristics of the VFAC- TSG in open-loop and closed-loop modes are also analyzed, respectively. Finally, the proposed impedance model and analysis are verified by experiments on the hardware-in-the-loop platform.


When given orally in combination with l‐cysteine, 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine (DFUR) brought about a significant reduction in the growth of adenocarcinoma 755 and a significant prolongation of life‐span in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma without increased toxicity to the host as compared with DFUR alone, though l‐cysteine alone did not show an appreciable antitnmor activity. Moreover, the combination of DFUR and l‐cysteine resulted in a marked retardation of growth of human colon tumor LS174T transplanted into nude mice. Thus, the potency of DFUR was increased by l‐cysteine. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that after DFUR administration, plasma DFUR and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) levels rapidly declined, but that, in the combination with l‐cysteine, the plasma clearances of DFUR and 5‐FU were slowed down considerably. In the tumor, DFUR and 5‐FU levels were similar to those in the plasma. Such a prolongation of DFUR and 5‐FU levels in plasma and tumor may produce the enhancement of antitumor effect seen with the combination of DFUR and l‐cysteine.


PURPOSE: An organic electro luminescence device containing novel carbazole derivative, hole injection layer and/or hole transport layer is provided to improve driving power, light emitting efficiency and lifetime. CONSTITUTION: A condensation carbazol derivative is denoted by chemical formula 1 or 2. An organic light fluorescence device comprises light emitting layer, hole injection layer, and hole transport layer between anode and cathode. The hole injection layer or hole transport layer contains the condensation carbazol derivative. The device additionally comprises electron transport layer or electron injection layer between the light emitting layer and cathode. The electron transport layer contains tris(8-hydroxyquinolinoato)aluminum.


An approach to the control of an onboard computer network based on the principles of control theory is proposed. The state space of network and the set of controls divided on subsets, allowing for configuration and operational control of the network.


The onset of convection in double diffusion with equal and opposite thermal and solutal buoyancy forces is studied. Numerical linear stability analyses and integration of the full Boussinesq equations are performed in an infinite vertical fluid layer and in closed rectangular cavities bounded by rigid walls. Detailed study of the subsequent nonlinear evolution is carried out for Le=1.2 and Pr=1. In the infinite vertical layer, the onset of convection is found to correspond to a subcritical circle pitchfork bifurcation. The finite-amplitude branch of steady states in turn loses stability to traveling waves via a supercritical drift pitchfork bifurcation. In a square cavity the bifurcation is transcritical and the full branch of stable and unstable solutions is constructed. With increasing cavity aspect-ratio, we observe alternating transcritical and pitchfork bifurcations, depending on the symmetry of the most unstable eigenvector.


A method is described for determining the static ultimate strength of longitudinally stiffened plate girder panels subjected to a combination of shear and bending. The method is appl~cable to symmetrical, unsymmetrical, homogeneous and hybrid girders. Compatibility of the deformations is maintained between the two web subpanels into which the web is subdivided by the longitudinal stiffener. It is assumed that the ultimate strengths of the web plate subpanels and the plast~c strength of the frame-formed by the longitudinal stiffener, flanges and transverse stiffeners can be computed separately and that the ultimate strength of the whole panel is the sum of the strengths of these components. A continuous interaction relationship is obtained between shear and moment producing the ultDnate condition· of the g,irder panel. Comparison of the computed loads with available test results indicates that the proposed approach provides a reliable means for computing the ultimate strength of longitudinally stiffened plate girders. Iprofessor of Civil Engineering, Fritz Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. 2Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, formerly Research Assistant at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.


Silicide direct bonding has been accomplished between silicon PtSi coated wafers and both PtSi coated and uncoated silicon wafers. Successful bonding occurred when the PtSi surface was rendered hydrophilic by a hot aqua regia selective etching and cleaning process. The PtSi provides bondable, relatively low resistance paths which provide electrical interconnections between circuit elements on the bonded pair of wafers.


Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can provide the change of ohmic resistance (Rs), charge transfer impedance (Rct) and diffusion impedance (Zw) in the different charging/discharging states, which is a powerful tool to evaluate the application state of the battery. This paper tested EIS of 60 Ah C/LiFePO4 power battery in different SOC and SOH states, and analyzed the variation tendency of Rs, Rct and Zw with the change of SOC and SOH states. The experimental results showed that Rs value keeps stable while values of Rct and Zw increase apparently at both ends of SOC (0∼25% and 75∼100%) at different SOC states. For different SOH states, the values of Rs, Rct and Zw keep stable in the range of 100∼95% SOH. But when SOH decreases to 90%, it is found that the capacity of 60 Ah battery decreases while the resistant value increases obviously. Therefore, EIS parameters can reflect partially the polarization state of the internal battery, so as to predict the degradation state of the storage lithiumion battery.


Introduction A pediatric athlete who presents to a sports medicine clinic may complain of a variety of signs and symptoms surrounding an injury of the knee, including the mechanical symptoms of clicking, catching, and locking. The sensation of snapping to the medial aspect of the knee is uncommon in the general population and is even less common in the pediatric athlete population. The majority of causes of knee snapping have been linked to the lateral knee in both children and adults. These cases include tendon abnormalities and intra-articular pathology (2,5,14). Adult case reports discuss the association of medial snapping of the knee with masses around the pes anserine bursa (16), bony pathology, including a bone fragment from trauma and residual bony prominence after total knee arthroplasty (8,17), intra-articular tumors (14), and tendinous etiologies (1,3,7,11). Reported cases in the pediatric population are associated with bony abnormalities, specifically osteochondromas, and bone spurs (6). An intra-articular discoid meniscus is a unique cause of knee snapping in the pediatric athlete population. The discoid meniscus in the younger pediatric athlete typically presents with the sensation of snapping of the knee with movement (9). Snapping was associated with a torn discoid lateral meniscus in 56% of patients in one pediatric study (18). The following case report discusses a pediatric athlete who presents to a sports medicine clinic with symptomatic snapping from posttraumatic tendon subluxation at the posteromedial corner of the knee.


Left intra-atrial myxoma was first diagnosed and demonstrated during life by Steinberg and Dotter 1 and left intra-atrial thrombus by Soloff and Zatuchni. 2 Both groups used the technique of intravenous angiocardiography to demonstrate a filling defect within the left atrium. Thrombi are usually attached to the posterior wall or lie free within the left atrium, whereas myxomas are usually attached to the atrial septum near the fossa ovalis. 3 Nevertheless, the one cannot always be differentiated from the other; nor is this technique of angiocardiography always infallible. Fortunately, differentiation is not necessary because both require surgery under direct vision for cure. Such cures are being reported with increased frequency since the advent of the pump oxygenator. 4 Recently Fish, Takaro, and Crymes 5 described a left intra-atrial pressure curve which they considered characteristic of left intra-atrial myxoma. Our purpose is to report another instance of such a tumor with


Beamforming is a property of smart antennas that provides improvements on all sorts of wireless communications but it still requires studies. Generally, Least Means Squares (LMS) algorithm provides good adaptive beamforming and target tracking capability for an array of antennas since a reference signal is known. However, Genetic Algorithms (GA) have proven to perform very well in global optimization tasks, including blind DOA estimation. This works investigates the use of GA for beamforming on a CDMA environment under different Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR), considering a reference signal is known. Computational experiments on static targets have shown that, when compared to LMS, GA allow dramatically reducing the threshold SNR of performance for both correlated and uncorrelated interfering sources. On the other hand, LMS provided zero Root-Mean-Square-Errors (RMSE) at high SNR. Additionally, the performance has shown to be acceptable even for moving targets.


In order to enable the development of smart services, many IoT platforms were proposed to securely and reliably connect IoT devices to the Internet and to each other. Examples are IoTivity from Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF), AllJoyn from AllSeen Alliance, Weave from Google and HomeKit from Apple. However, such fragmentation of IoT platforms has made the development of IoT applications very difficult as it requires each IoT device and application support many protocols in order to connect to an available platform. To resolve this problem, we propose to use oneM2M International standards as the middleware for IoT protocols integration. The oneM2M technical specifications have defined how oneM2M can be used to interwork with IoTivity and AllJoyn based on Interworking Proxy Application Entity (IPE). In this paper, we propose how to design and implement such an IPE based on the oneM2M specifications for bridging oneM2M and IoTivity/AllJoyn. In particular, we address the mappings of device management functions among these platforms where standard specifications are still lacking. Via actual implementation, we evaluate two interworking designs for device management in order to identify the best one for protocol integration.


IN the notice of this seminar it was suggested that I review the recommendations on policy which have emerged from the several governmental task forces with which I have been associated and that I discuss the problems and potentials surrounding the reliance by the federal government on special ad hoc task forces to formulate public policy in health. There are at least two different kinds of governmental task force. One is the internal task force or work group, composed almost exclusively of agency staff-civil servants. These groups are created usually without fanfare or publicity, and operate on specific tasks of programming or management. Their objectives and membership always cut across lines of the programs operated by bureaucracies in what Alvin Toffler has called the "ad-hocracy."l These kinds of groups take many shapes, forms, and sizes, and are composed of varying levels of officialdom. I do not plan to discuss these internal groups in the present essay. Internal task forces serve quite a different function from groups of the second type, the external groups. It is on this second type that I should like to concentrate in this paper. The external group is a prestigious collection of part-time nongovernmental consultants assembled usually in an environment of crisis and pressure and with much publicity. It operates over a set period of time and ultimately publishes a final report on a subject of broad federal policy.


Applications supporting businesses, smart systems, social networks, and advanced video applications such as eXtended Reality (XR) require large amounts of data processing to be provided in real-time. Therefore, the processing speed of big data systems is more important than ever. On the other hand, protecting a big data system is not easy, as various types of nodes and clusters are supported by various wired and wireless networks. Commonly security procedures slow down the response time of big data networks, and therefore, enhanced security and performance speed techniques need to be co-designed into the system. In this paper, a trusted streaming adaptive function (TSAF) is proposed that uses a trust management scheme to identify malicious nodes in Spark big data systems, exclude them from job/task processing, and calculate the number of nodes that can satisfy the process's object completion time. The TSAF scheme shows an improved processing performance when there are attacks on the big data system compared to other existing real-time big data processing schemes. For the case of no security attack, the results show that the processing time of TSAF is faster by about 1 ~ 2% compared to the existing big data processing schemes when the process completion object time is set to 0.5 s. Even when the ratio of malicious nodes performing security attacks on worker nodes reaches 0.5, the results show that TSAF can satisfy over 75% of the tasks within the object time, which is significantly higher compared to the existing big data processing schemes.


The consumption-type VAT transformation reform has been implemented in China since 2009.Compared with other hydropower stations in Guizhou,small hydropower stations do not get any benefits on taxation from the reform.This paper proposes that effective measures be urgently taken in the context of energy-saving and emission-reduction.


A series of polyimide (PI)/silica hybrid films were prepared by sol–gel method, using hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane and poly amic acid-imides (PAA-Is), which were different imidization degree controlled by chemical imidization method. The imidization degree was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and their corresponding morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that there are two kinds of silica particles and their formative morphology obeys the double phase separation mechanism. According to the increase of PAA-I imidization degree, amount of nano silica particles decreased and the diameter of macro silica particles increased in the hybrid films. Tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal mechanical analysis results show that, according to the amount of nano silica particles increasing, the hybrids have the higher the mechanical properties, glass transition temperature (Tg), and thermal expansion coefficient. Through controlling PI/silica hybrid films microstructure, its mechanical properties can be controlled. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


"Selling Paris" explores the cultural, economic, and spatial parameters of private construction in the French capital at the turn of the twentieth century. In contrast to the state-centered accounts that currently characterize our understanding of Paris as a capital of modernity, this project looks to private property owners, real estate brokers, and speculative developers, as well as the moral economy in which their projects took place, in order to understand the elaboration of the built landscape of the modern metropolis. I argue that new classes of market intermediaries—namely estate agents, market-oriented architects, and small-scale joint-stock firms—emerged in this period to build and market residential spaces, establishing apartments and buildings as merchandise and tenants as clients. Focusing on the activities of these commercial actors reveals the existence of a French culture of commerce centered on speculation and risk-taking, a business culture that profoundly affected the production of residential space during of one of the city's greatest periods of expansion. Thus, in contradistinction to scholarly accounts of both French entrepreneurialism and Parisian urban development, this project reconstructs the activities of a dynamic capitalist class whose uncoordinated projects were the main authors of the capital city's urban fabric. Tracing the manner in which housing and property operated as a commercial object during a crucial period of urbanization, moving between and among the economic activities of investment, speculation, production, and consumption, this project seeks to present a research agenda for both the cultural history of markets and the economic history of cities.


Abstract : It has been demonstrated that heteordyne optical strain sensing can be used to measure both static and vibratory strains to a range of 2000 microstrain with a sensitivity approaching one microstrain and an accuracy approaching one percent. The theoretical and experimental work undertaken to develop a heteordyne optical strain sensing system, as described herein, includes: 1) the fabrication of a prototype device; 2) a system evaluation study; and 3) application to a beam, turbine blade and crack detection. In addition to a detailed discussion of the results, the principles of heterodyne optical strain measurements, as originally conceived at the United Technologies Research Center, are presented. (Author)


The kinetics and mechanism of substitution of chl oride ion in trans -dichloro-bis- (ethylenediammine) cobalt(III) chloride, {trans-(Co(en) 2(Cl) 2)Cl} with phenylalanine in aqueous media at ionic strength of 0.01M NaNO 3 is reported. Shifts in IR peaks from 1555.44 to1571cm -1 and1301.29 to 1050 cm -1 were indicative of complexation of the phenylalanine with the complex via the carboxylate group. The reaction was monitored under pseudo first-order conditions using spectrophotomet ric method. The reaction followed a total of second order kinetics; first order with respect to each of the reactants, with the rate equation; -d( trans -(CoCl 2(en) 2)Cl)/dt = k 2(trans-(Co(en) 2Cl 2)Cl)(A) . The value of k 2 was obtained as 2.97 ◊10 -1 ± 0.0337 dm 3 mol -1 s -1 . Values of activation parameters, �H* and �S* were evaluated as 96.63 kJmol -1 , 15.71 Jmol -1 K -1 , respectively. The positive value of the entropy of activation ( �S*) implies a dissociative mechanism for the substi tution reaction.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical refractive results of phacoemulsification and intraocularlens implantation in high myopia .Methods: 81 cases (89 eyes) of high myopia were undergone phacoe-mulsification in whom 36 cases with pharmacia 812C nonfoldable IOL implantation,38 cases with Acrysoffoldable IOL and 15 cases without implantation. Results: 87 eyes succeed .There were iris injury in 3 eyes(3.4%), posterior capsular rupture in 2 cases (2.2%) and postoperative corneal edema in 5 caese(5.5%). Half year later, the incidence of postoperative secondary cataract in implanted eyes was signifi-cantly lower than unimplanted eyes. At one weak after operation, in patients with bare eye or correct visualacuity of 0.5 Acrysof group was more than Pharmacia group, and at one month after operation, implantesgroup was more than aphakia group .Conclusion: Under topical anesthesia, the transtemperal side clearcorneal tuneal phacoemulsification with implantation of foldable IOL is a more safe, simple and with goodfacility for patients with high myopia.


The construction of Mapper has emerged in the last decade as a powerful and effective topological data analysis tool that approximates and generalizes other topological summaries, such as the Reeb graph, the contour tree, split, and joint trees. In this paper we study the parallel analysis of the construction of Mapper. We give a provably correct algorithm to distribute Mapper on a set of processors and discuss the performance results that compare our approach to a reference sequential Mapper implementation. We report the performance experiments that demonstrate the efficiency of our method.


This paper discusses the application of concept based on teaching method in "Signal and System" course with the examples of linear and time-invariance,impulse signal,the spectrum and system function.The method takes the concept as the center to carry out classroom teaching,and makes the students grasp the concepts and course content by deepening the understanding of the concept and expanding the extension of a concept step by step.Practice shows that this method can effectively improve teaching effect.


With increased design challenges and complexity, late metal ECOs (Engineering Change Order) have become a critical and integral part of the solution cycle for tape-ins which require faster turnaround time and reduced re-spin cost. Metal ECO is a process widely adopted by major IC design houses to solve the last-minute functional and timing failures. Challenges like the limitation of pre-injected resources, high manual efforts, and turnaround time make it difficult to implement practically in real-time designs. This paper presents a novel technique that deals with the automation of the metal ECO process to reduce the ECOs implementation cycle time by almost 10X, enabling the tape-in to be done at the earliest and making it a candidate of interest. In this paper, three phases of automation method are discussed which give an end-to-end solution for the metal ECO implementation addressing every possible corner case. This method has been successfully implemented for multiple designs and for all the designs a reduction of at least 10x is observed in turnaround time. For the efficacy of the method implemented, timing checks were done to ensure the required timing fixes and have been addressed with minimal manual efforts and turnaround time. These implementations reflect the actual problems faced by the designers, and obtained results show a promising solution to the problem.


Based on introducing the eco-ethical ideas of Marx and Engels,the basic principles of eco-ethics construction were discussed.The path of solving eco-ethical crisis was put forward.


Abstract The third harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser is used to photodissociate Fe(CO)3L, where L = C4H6 or Q6H8. The resulting emission is analyzed and observed to originate from high lying states of atomic iron. Iron ions are concurrently produced at laser energies as low as 20 μJ pulse‐1. The nature of the emission spectrum is dependent upon the total pressure and the nature of any added background gas. The photochemistry is analyzed using an RRKM treatment, which indicates that the absorption of two photons by Fe(CO)3L leads to production of FeL with a small excess energy. Ground state Fe production occurs upon absorption of an additional photon. In competition with this process would be the absorption of additional photons leading to the observed Fe atomic levels with "intermediate"; energy. High energy states observed in the emission spectrum could be accessed by absorption of three photons by FeL. In all three reaction channels, the atomic states could be populated by multiple curve crossings. Such high...


The present paper contributes to the literature on dynamic games with strategic complementarities, in two interrelated ways. First, we identify a class of dynamic complete information games in which intertemporal complementarities and multiple equilibria can be fruitfully analyzed. Second, we extend the analysis to an incomplete information framework, where results from the literature on global games can be applied to select a unique Markov perfect equilibrium in monotone strategies.


A comparison of the environmental regulatory framework on the production of shale gas in the European Union and the United States


The EMPA‐REG OUTCOME® trial demonstrated benefits of empagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), on cardiovascular, renal outcomes and all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. The EMPRISE study program evaluates how these effects translate in a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical care across countries.


Based on the classification of trade timber species based on the Decree of the Ministry of Forestry No. 163 of 2003, wood species originating from the genera Palaquium, Payena, and Ganua/Madhuca are categorized as Nyatoh wood. The three genera most commonly found in the Indonesian timber trade are wood from the genus Palaquium. The utilization of wood and its economic value can be determined by looking at the characteristics of its anatomical structure. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the anatomical structure of the genus Palaquium wood. Observation of the anatomical structure of wood using the book "Microscopic Characteristics for Identification of Broadleaf Wood" by the Committee of the International Association of Wood Anatomists showed that Nyatoh wood has large fiber sizes with thin walls. In addition, there are prismatic crystals in the parenchyma canals. The prismatic crystal is a latex known as gutta-percha, which can be processed into a good electrical insulator. Another use is for raw materials for pencil rods and veneer raw materials. In assessing the beauty of wood, Nyatoh wood can go up to the commercial beautiful class I, according to the trading timber group assessment system developed by the Forest Products Research and Development Center.


Background: The importance of meniscal preservation has become widely accepted, and meniscal repair techniques have evolved over recent years. With new techniques come new complications, which are critical to recognize. Purpose: To describe a new complication of foreign body reaction from a nonabsorbable suture anchor associated with improper placement of the all-inside meniscal device. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of 3 patients who developed pain associated with a foreign body reaction from a misplaced all-inside meniscal device. Results: All patients had a delayed diagnosis (6 months to 8 years) and negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnostic ultrasound identified the misplaced suture with foreign body reaction and was used to guide a diagnostic injection of local anesthetic prior to surgical intervention. Intraoperative ultrasound guidance was utilized to precisely localize and excise the suture material and associated reactive tissue. Conclusion: Foreign body reaction from a misplaced all-inside meniscal device is a previously unreported complication. Diagnosis is challenging as MRI and arthroscopy can be unrevealing. Diagnostic ultrasound was able to identify the foreign body reaction, confirm the diagnosis by facilitating diagnostic local anesthetic injection, and guide surgical excision. Sonographic evaluation should be considered in patients presenting with ongoing knee pain after all-inside meniscus repair.


Aesthetic education,which has specific character of iconicity,imagination and independence,is essential in building the adequate personality and optimizing the life.Enhancing the education of training aesthetic appreciation,using original artistic sensibility and the humanistic spirit to develop apperceive ability and edify the creative thinking among students are the tasks that time gives the education.


Unfortunately, the production of cement impacts pessimistically on environments since it emits CO2—a principal Green House Gas (GHG)—encouraging the earth-heating dilemma. Moreover, it necessitates not only high temperature produced by the devouring of narrow natural mineral coal resources to obtain very high amounts of energy, but it also gulps down natural limestone deposits as a raw material that is found confined in nature to obtain intense energy. Quite recently, geopolymerisation—an exothermic process, through which geopolymeric binders can be produced by synthesis of a pozzolanic precursor rich in Alumina and Silica, for an instant, Fly Ash, with alkali solution for activation in an alkali medium at a low temperature and low operational energy—is recognized as a brilliantly promising alternative to conventional cement. That means, no elevated temperature and higher energy consuming reactions are essential any more as found associated with contemporary cement production. This research paper moves towards fulfilling the performance evaluation of durability studies viz., water permeability, sorptivity, sulphate resistance, acid resistance, salt resistance, chloride diffusion, drying shrinkage, and corrosion of fly ash based user and eco-friendly rubberized (containing rubber tyre fibres) geopolymer concrete. Comparisons of the outcomes have been made with its counterpart, which has unearthed that Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete proved to better concerning all the above-mentioned parameters than Rubberized OPC-Concrete.


— The objective of this paper is to design applications that can be used to detect fraud committed by gas station management. The design was developed based on the Product Design and Development methods. There are seven stages in developing a product. However, in this paper only analysis until the fourth stage is presented, namely choosing the concept of the product to be developed. Input data as a basis for analyzing consumer needs was obtained through questionnaires to 300 respondents. The result is that the majority of consumers are not aware of the fraudulent action that is supported by the absence of an evidence methods that can be carried out by consumers. According to the results, the application called MAITEC is designed based on android systems with the aim of comparing the amount of fuel filled into the tank with the data written on the purchase note. This application is developed with Waterfall Model based on consumer needs analysis and target specifications that were able to identify three types of fuels, namely Premium, Pertalite, and Pertamax.


The habitat distribution and reproductive habit of Motacilla alba in the campus of Yangtze Normal University from March to June of 2008 was preliminarily studied.The results showed that Motacilla alba distributed ground grassplot habitat(57.41%),water area(19.44%),building peak(16.67%) and brushwood(6.48%).ground grassplot habitat had been the most important foraging area.The common clutch size of Motacilla alba was four,with mean clutch size of(4.00±0.32),hatch period of(10.20±0.37) d,fledglings number of(3.60±0.25),fostering period of(13.60±0.51) d.There were significant positive correlation between clutch size and hatch period(P=0.034,R2=0.757),which accorded to a power function relationship,and no significant effects between clutch size and fostering period(P=0.166,P=0.550).Motacilla alba had strong adaptation to habitat in campus.


Pb0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (PST) thin films were deposited on high resistivity silicon substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. A pure perovskite phase was obtained at a low post annealing temperature of 650 °C. The relative dielectric constant, loss factor, tenability, and figure of merit were determined over a large frequency range of 1 GHz to 60 GHz. A large tunability about 60% and a relatively low loss of 16% at 60 GHz were obtained. PST is an alternative material for microwave agile devices integrated with silicon and this is discussed from the standpoint of monolithic integration with a low thermal budget.


Background: propofol is known as a good and a safe anesthetic induction drug. It
has rapid onset, rapid recovery from anesthesia and minimum nausea and vomiting
effects. Its advantages are decreasing mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and cardiac
output. The reduction of the dose of the drug by a combination with fentanyl has a stable hemodynamic effect after anesthetic induction because the combination works
synergically.
Objective: this study was aimed to find out an effective dose of propofol for
anesthetic induction that results in lighter change in heart rate and mean arterial blood
pressure (MAP) if are compared to their changes from etomidate.
Method: the used method was a doble-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT).
The subjects were 168 patients and divided in two groups, which were group A (propofol 1 mg/kgbw iv) and group B (etomidate 0.3 mg/kgbw iv). Each of them used anesthetic co-induction of fentanyl 2 µg/kgbw iv. The inclusion criteria were men or women of 18-50 years of age, the physical status of ASA I and II, elective operation procedure under general anesthesia, and BMI >20 and <30 kg/m2. The exclusion criteria were neurosurgery, cardiac surgery and caesarian section, hypovolemic, hypothermia, hyperthyroid, histroyof allerty to fentalyl, propofol and etomidate. Systole and diastole blood pressure, arterial blood pressure, heart rate and saturation were measured before the anesthetic induction and 3 minutes after negative eyelash reflect. The data ware analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square (p<0.05).
The results: the decreased of the mean arterial blood pressure in the propofol
group was 12.30 ± 5.93 mmHg (13.64%) and the etomidate group was 18.20 ± 6.60
mmHg (19.02%) (p = 0.007). The decrease in the heart rate of the propofol group was
13.17 ± 7.52 x/minute or 14% and etomidate group was 13.66 ± 7.50 x/minute or 14.28% at p = 0.606.
Conclusion: Under co-induction with fentanyl 2 µg/kgbw iv, the anesthetic
induction with propofol 1 mg/kgbw iv resulted in slighter decrease of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) than that with etomidate 0.3 mg/kgbw iv (12,30 ± 5,93 mmHg vs. 18,20 ± 6,60 mmHg) (p = 0.007), while the changes in the heart rate were not significant between two groups (13,17 ± 7,52 x/minute vs. 13,66 ± 7,50 x/minute) (p = 0.606).


The smallness of neutrino masses provides a tantalizing allusion to physics beyond the standard model (SM). Heavy neutral leptons (HNL), such as hypothetical sterile neutrinos, accommodate a way to explain this observation, through the see-saw mechanism. If they exist, HNL could also provide answers about the dark matter nature, and baryon asymmetry of the universe. A search for the production of HNL at the LHC, originating from leptonic W boson decays through the mixing of the HNL with SM neutrinos, is presented. The search focuses on signatures with three leptons, providing a clean signal for probing the production of the HNL in a wide mass range never explored before at the LHC down to 1 GeV, and up to 1.2 TeV. The sample of pp collisions collected by the CMS detector throughout 2016 is used, amounting to a volume of 35.9/fb. Separated into two parts, the search is respectively optimized for finding HNL of masses above and below that of the W boson. The final results are presented in the plane of the mixing parameter of HNL to their SM counterparts, versus their mass, and are the first such result at a hadron collider for masses below 40 GeV and the first direct result for masses above 500 GeV. Presented at Moriond/EW2018 53rd Rencontres de Moriond 2018 Electroweak Interactions and Unified Theories Search for heavy neutral leptons with the CMS detector Willem Verbeke On behalf of the CMS Collaboration Department of Physics and Astronomy, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium The smallness of neutrino masses provides a tantalizing allusion to physics beyond the standard model. Heavy neutral leptons (N), such as hypothetical sterile neutrinos, accommodate a way to explain this observation, through the see-saw mechanism. If they exist, N could also provide answers about the nature of dark matter, and the baryon asymmetry of the universe. A search for the production of N at the LHC, originating from leptonic W boson decays through the mixing of N with SM neutrinos, is presented. The search focuses on signatures with three leptons, providing a clean signal for probing the production of N in a wide mass range never explored before at the LHC: down to 1 GeV, and up to 1.2 TeV. The sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS detector throughout 2016 is used, amounting to a volume of 35.9 fb−1. The results are presented in the plane of the mixing parameter of N to their SM counterparts, versus their mass, and are the first such result at a hadron collider for masses below 40 GeV and the first direct result for masses above 500 GeV, more than doubling the probed mass range. 1 Heavy neutral leptons Through the observation of neutrino oscillations, it has been established that neutrinos have non-zero, albeit very small, masses. This finding, and other unexplained phenomena, such as dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the universe, strongly hint at the existence of physics beyond the standard model (SM). The introduction of heavy neutral leptons (N), otherwise known as sterile neutrinos, could solve several of these outstanding problems. Through the seesaw mechanism their presence could explain the smallness of neutrino masses, while a lighter N might be a dark matter candidate, and heavier N could simultaneously provide enough CP violation to explain the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry [1, 2]. A search for N production is performed using the CMS detector at the LHC [3]. The data were collected in proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 [4]. 2 Search in the trilepton final state This search focuses on the production of N through the leptonic decay of W bosons, W (∗) → N` (` = e, μ), where N promptly decays to W (∗)`. With a subsequent decay of the last vector boson to `ν, this leads to a final state with three leptons and a neutrino, as depicted in Fig. 1. The presence of the neutrino makes it impossible to reconstruct the full N mass, and thus to hunt for a mass peak. While reconstructing the N mass is possible in final states where the last W decays hadronically, the trilepton final state has the distinct advantage that it facilitates the Figure 1 – Feynman diagram of N production in a leptonic W decay, leading to a final state with three charged leptons and a neutrino. probing of very low N masses, through the possibility to reconstruct soft leptons, down to 5 (10) GeV in pT for muons (electrons). When V`N and mN become very low, the N will start getting a significant lifetime, leading to the two leptons from the N decay being displaced w.r.t. the primary interaction vertex. In this analysis the focus lies on prompt N decays, requiring the presence of leptons compatible with the primary interaction vertex.


The cost-effective reclamation of contaminated land and/or water resources requires a detailed knowledge
of the current state of contamination and an understanding of the natural background to which the site may
be most appropriately returned. Within this context, the British Geological Survey is in the process of
completing a systematic national geochemical survey of the UK surface environment based on the
collection of stream sediments, soils and stream waters to produce a series of geochemical maps which can
be integrated with other environmental information to produce valuable baseline and benchmark data for
both rural and urban environments.


The growing feature and process of Llisha elongata were studied.It is showed that Llisha elongata keeps growing during 1~5years old.I t grows faster before 2years old than after 2years old.Its growing process can be described by Von Bertalanffy' s equation.The age of turning point was calculated to be 2.6.At this age,it will be 303.03mm in the body length and 393.38g in the body weight.


A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of aluminium, based on the formation of a ternary complex with chromazol KS (CALKS) and cetylpyridinium (CP) bromide in aqueous solution in the presence of 25–40% of ethanol. The pH range for the formation of the ternary complex is 5.8–6.7, and the wavelength of maximum absorbance is 625 nm. The ternary system obeys Beer's law for between 0.02 and 0.32 µg ml–1 of aluminium. A high molar absorptivity of Iµ= 1.02 × 105 l mol–1 cm–1 and a Sandell's sensitivity of 0.00026 µg cm–2 have been obtained. The complex has the composition Al(OH)(CALKS)2(CP)6, as established by Job's method of continuous variation and the equilibration shift method. The method has good selectivity and so can be applied to the direct spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of acid-soluble aluminium in steel.


The push for politically correct language may be well intentioned enough, but its consequences are often appalling. It can rob us of one of the most important of all human freedoms: the right to use words to mean what we want them to mean.


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We describe a system for off-line production and real-time playback of motion for articulated human figures in 3D virtual environments. The key notion are (1) the logical storage of full-body motion in posture graphs, which provides a simple motion access method for playback, and (2) mapping the motions of high DOF figures to lower DOF figures using slaving to provide human models at several levels of detail, both in geometry and articulation, for later playback. We present our system in the context of a simple problem: animating human figures in a distributed simulation, using DIS protocols for communicating the human state information. We also discuss several related techniques for real-time animation of articulated figures in visual simulation.


A measurement system, utilizing a runable acoustooptic filter as a smart spectroscopic sensor, has been designed and operated to determine composition and temperature of combustion gases. The system quantitatively measures infrared absorption integrated over a linear path through the combustion products on several lines of a vibration-rotation band of each gas component, after which, data analysis yields the composition and gas temperature. The computer controlled system is spectroscopically self-calibrating and is suited for process control applications. The system has been tested on CO and CO/sub 2/ produced in a flat-flame burner in which methane-air mixtures are burned. Proof-of-Principle has been demonstrated. Additional theoretical work has been done to deal with the condition of spatially non-uniform gas mixtures, which will occur closer to the combustor, knowledge of which could be significant in many process control applications. Spatially resolved data on gas temperature and composition can be obtained from multiple line-of-sight absorption measurements coupled with suitable inversion methods. The inversion problem is related to the x-ray tomographic technique but differs because the gradients in temperature and composition can be assumed to be small. The inversion work has focused on numerical and theoretical aspects of the problem. Two distinct inversion methods have resulted more » from this effort. « less