Objective To evaluate compliance and complication of patients wearing RGPCL.Methods Following-up was performed on patients with RGPCL in Peking University Optometry Ophthalmology Center.A total of 183 subjects were involved in this study.Aftercare frequency(1 week,1 month,3month,6month,one year),replacement frequency of RGPCL,as well as the incidence of complication were analyzed.Special examinations of optometry(A-scan examination,Endothelial cell examination)at 6month,computer-aid corneal topography examination(3month and 6month)were performed.The change of average cell density,cell size,CV,6A% and corneal thickness of pre-and 1y,2y,more than 2y were observed.Results The aftercare frequency(1 week,1 month,3 months,six months,one year)of Beijing patients was 80.2%、72.5%、57.1%、61.5%,57.1% respectively,that of the other area patients was 35.4%、43.1%、54.5%、57.0%、54.9%,The wearers have a aftercare every 2~3months and lens were replaced every 12~15 months.The incidences of corneal staining:there were 22 cases(12.1%)of Beijing patients while 7 cases(3.8%)of other regions;For Beijing patients,the rate of A-scan examination was 83.5%,endothelial cell examination 86.8% at 6month;the rate of computer-aid corneal topography examination was 91.2% at 3 month、36.3% at 6 month,For the other regions patients,the rate of A-scan examination was 89.9%,endothelial cell examination was 92.4% at 6month;the rate of computer-aid corneal topography examination was 96.2%% at 3 month、41.8% at 6 month;There were no statically significant difference between pre-and post wear for corneal endothelial and corneal thickness.Conclusion All patients with RGPCL have a good compliance under the strict medical control.The incidence of complications is low and without serious cornea complications.


Infants experience pain similarly and probably more intensely than older children and adults. Pain management in young babies has been largely neglected in more clinical settings, despite subjecting them to painful procedures. Also, invasive procedures has done a lot during neonates and infancy period and it is to believed that the non-pharmacological methods as administration of oral glucose before and during procedures may relieve the infants pain and provide a safe way to analgesia. This review article will help us in assuring the effectiveness of oral glucose on pain response in infants during invasive procedures.


Background: Measurable data on plastic surgery outcomes are scarce. In recent years, ques tionnaires to measure quality of life have been used globally. In Brazil, there are no questionnaires validated and adapted in the Brazilian population that specifically assess quality of life after breast surgery. The aim of this study was to translate the Breast Evaluation Questionnaire (BEQ 55) into Portuguese, and culturally adapt and validate the translation for use in Brazil. Methods: Two translations, two revisions by a multidisciplinary group, and two back translations of the questionnaire were performed. Cultural adaptation was performed by applying the questionnaire to groups of 20 patients from the plastic surgery outpatient clinic. The questionnaire included relevant modifications for better understan ding of the questions. To test the questionnaire's reproducibility and validity, 20 patients were interviewed on two separate occasions. On the first occasion, they were interviewed by different interviewers, and on the second occasion (after 7 days and after 14 days), by only one. In addition, the Short-Form 36 was applied during the first interview. Results: During cultural adaptation, questions were modified to fac ilitate the patients' understanding.


Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the spice plants found in Indonesia that is useful as a drug, containing secondary metabolite compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and essential oils that are antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to find out the comparison of the effectiveness of red ginger extract and ginger emprit against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study is an Experimental Laboratories study using true experimental design with the design of Post Test Only Control Group Design. Where extracts of red ginger and ginger emprit are obtained by the maceration method which is then varied into several concentration treatments namely 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% as well as positive control of ciprofloxacin and dmso negative control, followed by disc diffusion methods to test antibacterial activity, analyzed statistically using the One Way Anova test. The results showed that red ginger extract and ginger emprit were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with weak to moderate activity. The final results showed a value of p<001 so that at least there was a meaningful average between the data groups of red ginger extract and ginger emprit. The conclusion of this study was that at a concentration of 100% red ginger extract was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a bland zone of 17.83 mm compared to emprit ginger extract with a bland zone large of 17.16 mm. The advice we give that red ginger more quickly inhibits bacteria so it is very well consumed and becomes an alternative non-pharmacological treatment.


The purpose of zakat is to develop socio-economic value, and it will be hard to be achieved if there is no active role from the organizer (amil) whom is expected to be professional and innovative in organizing the zakat funds. The objective of this research is to know how the zakat productive empowerment in Islamic law perspective. This research used Library Research. The researcher gathered from the books, journals, magazines, and some reports related to the study. Scientific investigation is a form of qualitative research as it pertains to Islamic science that comes from al-Quran and al-Hadith. Generally, there are three instruments known in the data collection, namely observation, interviews and documents study or literature review. This research used only the documents or literature review. Therefore, Data collection methods used to obtain information related to zakat productive in Islamic law perspective is only based on the documentation method. Documentation is inscribed objects that can provide a wide range of information. To meet this method, data is collected based on information obtained from libraries and documents related to the problems of this study. The result of this research is Productive zakat empowerment according to Islamic law is justifiable, as long as pay attention to the basic needs for each mustahiq in the form of consumptive urgent to be addressed immediately.


It is said that the horse power of recent marine propulsion diesel engine corresponding to their ship's sizes has been reduced comparing with former ones. In transient operational condition, such engines with reduced power tend to work to the utmost of their power due to relatively enlarged inertia force of ships. Such being the case, it might be necessary for reconsideration of nowaday practice of design of propulsion system in view of strength. To meet this possible demands, the measuring have been made concerning to the torque acting on actual ship's propulsion shaftings. Through the measurement unexpected increases of the maximum torque from the normal value were observed during ship's crash astern operation, the increase rates of which spread out up to 1.6. In this paper, we will report the measuring results with additional breif study on the behaviour of propulsion diesel in transient condition.


In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for removing flare artefacts from images using a two-stage method. Flare is a phenomenon that occurs when a strong source of light hits the lens of the camera. The converging light rays are scattered due to imperfections in the lens, creating a glare or halo effect in the image. This degrades the image quality and can make it challenging to extract useful information from the image, making it problematic for industries such as autonomous driving and medical robotics that rely heavily on image processing algorithms. To solve this problem, we utilize a flare removal model based on a conditional generative network. This model is trained on a dataset created using computer vision techniques. The dataset creation process involves scraping internet images of different scenes under various lighting conditions without the presence of flare. These images are then pre-processed to extract the flare-corrupted images, which serve as input for the flare removal model, which produces flare-free output. However, in order to make the model more generalizable and able to handle real-world data, we incorporate the flare removal module in a self-supervised setting along with a flare addition module. This allows us to fine-tune the flare removal model using real images and improve its performance. The flare removal module achieves an SSIM score of 0.916, which was previously 0.887. Our approach can be used in a variety of applications, such as autonomous driving and camera photo optimization, and has the potential to be further improved by incorporating a flare mask detector module.


Objective:To study the value of loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP) in treating cervical erosion.Methods:348 patients with cervical erosion Ⅱ ° admitted in our hospital during January 2006-March 2008 were randomly divided into observation and control groups.187 patients in LEEP group underwent Leep procedure,while 161 of control group underwent microwave procedure.Both groups were given reexamination 4,8,and 12 weeks after operation.Recovery of cervix surface was closly observed.Results:12 weeks after operation,the surface recovered once and for all.179 patients in LEEP group were cured in 12 weeks with a cure rate of 95.71% and 187 patients improved with an effective rate of 100%;while in the control group,144 were cured with a cure rate of 89.45 and 153 improved with an effective rate of 95.0%,showing statistical difference(P0.01).Conclusion:LEEP treatment of cervical erosion is better than microwave treatment.


To maintain the same company running efficiently, and more so, for a increasing performance it is necessary to adapt to the changes occurring in the environment in which it operates. Such adaptation requires permanent changes in the company to be set, known, analyzed and managed . Risk identification is the first and most important phase of management, it consists in identifying hazards that exist within the entity. Hazard identification work is done to detect, if possible, all existing risk factors . The advantage of identifying risk factors is reflected both in creating treatment conditions and analysis in an efficient way as they are known, and the establishment of latent risks . This paper aims to analyze the risks that may affect and influence the performance of organizations, often leading to a financial crisis. In this respect, a presentation of the theoretical risk typology was made, and the case study illustrates the risk exposure in organizations through the application of analytical models that emphasize this. Key-Words: performance, risk, risk management, profitability, assessment, micro risks, control.


Abstract We investigate the effects of electron- phonon and Rashba spin–orbit couplings on the electronic spectrum of pristine graphene charge carriers. We introduce a Fröhlich-type Hamiltonian describing the electron–phonon interaction in spin–orbit-coupled graphene, and propose a diagonalisation procedure to solve this Hamiltonian based on the Lee–Low–Pines theory which includes two successive unitary transformations. By means of these transformations, our results show that, in spin–orbit-coupled graphene, electron– phonon interaction lifts the degeneracy of two zero-gap branches and enhances the existing gap between other two branches. It is also found that the magnitude of the splitting in ungapped branches depends on the strength of spin–orbit interaction, and thus the emerging gap can be tuned by spin–orbit interaction.


This study examined the impact of a Family Math Night on preservice teachers' perceptions of low-income parents and their engagement in their children's education. Participants were enrolled in an elementary mathematics methods course; one section served as the treatment group. Participants were required to aid in the planning and implementation of a Family Math Night held at a school serving a predominantly African American, high-poverty community. Results of a pre- and post-survey analysis indicate that the treatment group had more positive perceptions of parental involvement overall. These results were not sustained 1 year later, suggesting important implications for mathematics teacher educators.


This paper diseusses authentic identification of bank's mortgage in enterprises' bankruptcy cases and puts forward some precautions against mortgage risks.


ABSTRACTBuildings are responsible for more than 40% of global energy consumption and as much as one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions in both developed and developing countries. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a cost-effective home energy monitoring and control system based on ZigBee technology composed of a gateway, a base station, and sensors. Specifically, a new hardware platform for power sensor nodes is developed to perform both local/remote power parameter measurement and power on/off switching for electric appliances. The experimental results show that this system can monitor energy usage with high accuracy and can be used for monitoring energy consumption, long-term energy conservation planning, and the development of automated energy conservation for residential applications.


In this paper, we propose a high-performance on-chip bus for system-on-chip design. The proposed bus is made up of two channels which allows simultaneously transactions to occur. Each channel has separate read and write buses and can also perform concurrent read and write transactions. The arbiter is designed to grant access based on the availability of the channel and the target slave. The proposed bus is designed at RTL with Verilog HDL using Xilinx ISE 14.7 and simulated with Modelsim and tested on HBE-SoC-IPD board equipped with Virtex-4 FPGA. Various tests are performed and the results are compared with AMBA AHB.


The demands and features of biomass power plant have been investigated and analyzed by several researchers. However, the procedures and information flows of supply logistics in biomass power plants still require analysis. In this paper, the authors put forward a multi-objective model for vehicle scheduling, which is used in biomass power plant supply chains. In addition, a related algorithm for use in uncertain environments is provided. An efficiency plan with the lowest calculated transportation costs will be proposed.


Introduction 1. Economic reforms and economic growth: efficiency and politics in Latin America Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira 2. Politics and policy: economic reforms in Southern Europe Jose Maria Marawall 3. Economic reforms, public opinion, and political institutions: Poland in the Eastern European perspective Adam Przeworski Conclusion Author index Subject index.


Shape is the characteristic surface configuration of a thing such as an outline or contour. It can also be described give a particular form to create. The objective of this project is to design a system that can detect same shape even though in various size. The input of the system will be an image which can be any type of files containing many shapes with example circle, square, rectangular and others with multiple sizes. This project is mainly concern with shape classification using image processing technique. The proposed methods can be extended to various purpose especially in speeding up the processing time to search the shapes in the image. The system will be developed using MATLAB. For example in industrial, wafer dicing is the process by which die are separated from a wafer of semiconductor following the processing of the wafer. The die created may be any shape generated by straight lines, but they are typically rectangular or square shaped. The program developed may be used to check the accuracy of the die been created


Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) are largely underpriced in short term. This underpricing phenomenon has been well recognized in nearly all the stock markets in the world. Recent evidence suggests that underpricing is higher in a buoyant stock market. Most studies in the field of IPO have only focused on developed countries. Little is known about underpricing and it is not clear what factors influencing underpricing in developing country. Unlike in developed markets, this study analyzed the existence of underpricing issue of Malaysian IPOs listed in Bursa Malaysia from 2000 to 2008. This study then examines the impact of different use types of proceeds on IPO underpricing. In particular, four main influencing factors of underpricing including IPO size, market volatility, underwriter status and reciprocal of IPO price are investigated. A sample of 102 IPOs was selected and analyzed. Results show that the average market adjusted initial return is 9.4%. A regression analysis was conducted which resulted in positive impact of IPO size, market volatility, underwriter status and reciprocal of IPO price on underpricing. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective to analyze the underpricing problem by focusing on the multiple elements. Keywords : IPO, underpricing, underwriter, Malaysia


A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of factor and to obtain the optimum configuration of Kraft paper honeycomb. The factors considered in this study include density of paper, thickness of paper and cell size of honeycomb. Based on three level factorial design, two-factor interaction model (2FI) was developed to correlate the factors with specific energy absorption and specific compression strength. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factor on responses and the optimum configuration was identified. After that, Kraft paper honeycomb with optimum configuration is used to fabricate foam-filled paper honeycomb with five different densities of polyurethane foam as filler (31.8, 32.7, 44.5, 45.7, 52 kg/m3). The foam-filled paper honeycomb is subjected to quasi-static compression loading. Failure mechanism of the foam-filled honeycomb was identified, analyzed and compared with the unfilled paper honeycomb. The peak force and energy absorption capability of foam-filled paper honeycomb are increased up to 32% and 30%, respectively, compared to the summation of individual components.


Discussion of the effect of TRA '86 on choice of business entity. Traces the growth in S corporation returns filed (17.5 percent per year from 1986-90), and considers implications that smaller firms have achieved their own integrated corporate tax. Outlines the changes in the incentives facing these firms and describes several trends that have emerged in business organization and activity.


Objective: To investigate the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the oligodendroglioma, and to analyze their roles in the tumor cell anaplasia. Methods: Immunohistochmistry was used to detect the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-14, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the oligodendroglioma. Results: MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-14 were expressed in oligodendroglioma of all the 12 cases, MMP-1 was mainly located in nucleus, MMP2 in cytoplasma and nucleus, while MMP-14wasidenfified in membrane and intercellular matrix, MMP-7 was expressed in the fumur of 7 cases with a slight positive expression in cytoplasma, but MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were expressed only in the tumor of a few cases. There were distinctive differences of MMP-1 expression between non-anaplastic and anaplastic groups, and of MMP-1 and MMP-7 expression between non-anaplastic and anaplastic tumor cells. Conclusions:There were MMPs expression and TIMPs deficiency in oligodendroglioma and they were probably involved in the development, invasive growth and anafolasia of the tumor cells ertain MMPs expression might be differend between non-anaplastic and anaplastic tumor cells.


The growth of well-defined regular columnar macropores under front-side illumination on medium doped n-type silicon has been investigated. The various morphologies observed, with branched or columnar pores, differ from those reported so far on substrates of both higher and lower resistivities. Unlike stated by the macropore growth model, current density is found to influence the pore growth rate. These observations indicate that, under the conditions used in this work, the pore growth is at the border between meso- and macroporous mechanism. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Resistant dextrin is a new type of water soluble dietay filber. It has a unique physiological function, good processing characteristics and application in various fields of the modern food industry.The physiological functions and characteristics of resistance dextrin the paper were comprehensively introduced. The research progress of resistant dextrin in recent years was reviewed, the market situation and prospect of resistant dextrin at home and abroad were pointed out.


This paper analyzes the SDL(specification and description language),and introduces the basic construction of the SDL system.The background of the Simulation of Display and Control system and the method of simulation are introduced.It studies the architecture of the display and control system,and gives the design of the display and control system using SDL.


For a smooth family $V \to U$ of polarized manifolds with semi-ample canonical sheaves, we show the following result: any entire curve must be contained in the fibers of the classifying map from the base space $U$ to the moduli space. This settles the Relative Isotriviality Conjecture, \cite[Conjecture 1.5]{DLSZ}.


What might become if teachers were asked to view themselves as curators? And, in turn, in what ways might curatorial work draw attention to how analytic spaces are continuously created as teachers and teacher educators move through pedagogical and research processes? This paper extends an invitation for readers to engage with curatorial impulses (Hofsess, 2015, 2016, forthcoming) and co-curatorial moments (Thiel, forthcoming) as living/aesthetic analysis by remixing a series of constructs and technologies explored by a cohort of preservice teachers. Finding inspiration in Nordstrom's (2017) antimethodology, the authors grapple with how curating might set up "conditions of possibility" (Barad, 2007) that offer a new way to engage in the theoretical work of qualitative inquiry—a way that begins to invite the student, the art material, the political, the affectual, etc., into the entanglement of theorizing from the start because they were always, already there to begin with.


Objective Evaluation of recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine (the hepatitis B vaccine) in Weifang City in primary and secondary school students in the effects of large-scale vaccination.Methods Stratified multi-stage clus-ter sampling was used to select 1 829 students between 6 and 1 8 years old from a middle school and a primary school of KuiWen District;ELISA was applied to determine serllm HBsAg-anti-HBc and anti-HBs of the students 1 year after vaccination with gene recombining hepatitis B vaccine.Results There wa$notable statistical significance between pre-immunization and after-immuniza-tion in the positive rate of HBVM (PO.01).The positive rate of anti-HBs after immunization was significantly higher than that before immunization(PO.01 J.No statistical significance Was found in the total infectious rate of HBs and anti-HBc.Conclusion The efect of massive gene recombining hepatitis B immunization among middle school and primary school students has been proved to be fine;the low-age population should be considered as the priority for massive hepatitis B vaccination.


Most emergency departments evaluate and treat patients who are insured by managed care plans. One of the ways in which insurers manage care is by


Electrodynamic particles have an exclusive physical property that distinguishes them from all other physical systems. This property is the electrodynamic mass that allows accelerated particles to emit or to absorb energy quanta. Stable particles have a lower speed than the critical speed, when they are accelerated they lose electrodynamic mass and emit energy in the shape of quanta while when are decelerated they absorb energy quanta and electrodynamic mass. Unstable particles on the contrary have higher speeds than the critical speed; they absorb energy and negative electrodynamic mass when they are accelerated and lose energy and electrodynamic mass when they are decelerated. Muon and tauon are the main unstable electrodynamic particles and they have the physical property to emit the delta radiation on the decay.


To establish a method for determination of nitrites in sausage by high pressure liquid chromatography. Chromatographic Condition: ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) was used. Acetonitrile∶ phosphate( 0. 03 mo L / L KH2PO4,p H 3. 3) = 10∶ 90 was used as mobile phase with flowing rate 1. 0 m L / min,column temperature at 25℃. A DVD detector was used and the determination wavelength was set to225 mm. Results: There was good linearity between the peak area and the content of nitrites in the range of 0. 02 ~ 20. 00 mg / L( r = 0. 999 21).The determination limit was 0. 1 mg / kg. The recovery of the method was88. 0% ~ 101. 0%,and the relative standard deviation was 1. 5% ~ 4.8%. The method was accurate,sensitive,and simple,and can be used to quantify nitrites in sausage.


Abstract The impact of platinum contamination on the breakdown properties of gate oxide is reported. Wafers were intentionally contaminated with 1×1013 to 4×1014 at/cm2 Pt after a 7.5 nm gate oxide growth, 300 nm poly-silicon deposition and subsequent phosphorus doping. Breakdown characteristics were evaluated using a voltage ramp method. The current-voltage curves of MOS capacitors show very few low field breakdown events, and the main field breakdown occurs at 12 MV/cm. If compared to clean wafers, platinum does not increase the defect density seriously. It is found from the E-Ramp results that platinum contamination up to 4×1014 at/cm2 does not have a pronounced effect on the gate oxide integrity if the contamination occurs after front-end-of-line processing of device fabrication.


This work represents a modification of the Context Conditional Generative Adversarial Network as a novel implementation of a non-linear gap reconstruction approach of missing satellite-derived chlorophyll a concentration data. By adjusting the loss functions of the network to focus on the structural credibility of the reconstruction, high numerical and structural reconstruction accuracies have been achieved in comparison to the original network architecture. The network also draws information from proxy data, sea surface temperature, and bathymetry, in this case, to improve the reconstruction quality. The implementation of this novel concept has been tested on the Adriatic Sea. The most accurate model reports an average error of 0.06mgm−3 and a relative error of 3.87%. A non-deterministic method for the gap-free training dataset creation is also devised, further expanding the possibility of combining other various oceanographic data to possibly improve the reconstruction efforts. This method, the first of its kind, has satisfied the accuracy requirements set by scientific communities and standards, thus proving its validity in the initial stages of conceptual utilisation.


It is an effective tool for initiation and development of fractal geometry to investigate the prosperity of Euclid system. We describe characteristic of oil and gas flow and well-test analysis by this tool. On the conditions which are the supposes and definitions in the classic seepage flow dynamics are suitable to fractal oil and gas reservoir, and the mechanic laws in the fractal oil and gas reservoir are same formally with those in the classic seepage flow dynamics, based on the resolution of fractal oil and gas reservoir for single media, infinite strata and unstable flow by Tong dengke, we take use of Laplace transformation and attain the resolution for Laplace space. Then according to Stephest's numerical inversion, we get the numerical resolution for time domain of fractal oil and gas reservoir for single media, infinite strata and unstable flow. Depending on the mapping principle of traditional model curves and thinking about combining parameters and transforming coordination of typical curves, we get fractal Mckinley curves, investigate the character of these fractal Mckinley curves and use the practical test data of well A, The parameters we get are more reasonable, which is instruction for oil and gas exploration. In accordance with the above results, we concluded that the reservoir connected to well A is a complicated fracture network and has poor connectivity. What's more, fluid flow into well A not only from horizontal plane but also from direction paralleled to wellbore. Therefore we can see the flow of well A is not so simple. In additional, the well A is highly polluted. All of these results are consistent with those from the analysis of core and explanation for well-log.


Teaching visualization courses typically requires some kind of small-scale software project in which the students collaboratively create a software product with the goal to practically apply visualization concepts. This software focuses on providing an interactive solution to a given dataset scenario supporting the detection of insights based on users' tasks at hand. However, while creating such a tool several software development stages have to be taken into account, with requirements engineering as one of the major repeating stages. In this paper we describe three different visualization project-based teaching strategies TS_H, TS_M, and TS_L depending on the degree of freedom for the student groups. Moreover, they differ in the way how requirements engineering is an inherent ingredient in order to design, implement, test, deploy, evaluate, maintain, and evolve a certain software product. We experienced with more than 1,000 students in a total of 9 courses running over 8 weeks each, in approximately 2 years of time. All of the three teaching strategies have their own benefits and drawbacks, however, requirements engineering is considered more or less important, mostly depending on the degree of freedom the student project groups got during the courses. As a major outcome we consider the courses successful, not only because we learned the importance of requirements engineering for teaching project-based visualization courses, but also because many students passed the courses, the student evaluation was quite positive, and the written reports showed that they had an immense learning effect.


In recent years, Rotating Detonation Engine (RDE) has been wisely studied in the world due to its inherent advantages. In the process of the application of RDE, the stable and reliable performance of the engine is always what researchers pursue. In the process of the research on RDE, a phenomenon called Low Frequency Instability (LFI) has been widely found. But so far, the exact mechanism behind LFI hasn't been really revealed yet. In this paper, a numerical investigation of LFI was performed. In the numerical study, Euler equation with source terms was chosen as the governing equation, ignoring viscosity, thermal conduction, and mass diffusion. The Strang's operator splitting method, the fifth order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme (WENO) and the second order total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta method were used. With the methods mentioned above, the mechanism behind LFI and the whole detailed process of shock waves causing this phenomenon were finally revealed. It is shown that near the inlet wall there exist some reverse shock waves(propagating in the opposite direction to the rotating detonation waves), which will interact with the inlet wall and therefore generate some Injet Blocking Point (IBP)in the fresh gas layer which will make the fresh gas layer periodically irregularly distributed. The irregular fresh gas layer will cause the distribute of the pressure on the detonation front changes periodically. With the positions where the IBPs are generated moving slowly along the inlet wall, the distance between the sampling point and the last IBP will gradually changes, and this will lead to that every time the rotating detonation wave meet the sampling point, the pressure of the place where the detonation front contacts with the inlet wall (and so contacts with the sampling point) is different from the last time. Therefore, the peak pressure at the sampling point oscillates at a low frequency and in another word, a so called Low Frequency Instability is formed.


: This study was conducted during the growing season of 2016 in a private orchard at AL-Abbasyia, Najaf Governorate on the local fig cv. Aswod Diala . The trees were spraying with amino acids (Amister and Gusto) at concentrations of 500 mg / L each other, Bleed of grape 100% and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum at concentrations of 4% in single way or in combination at 1April, 1May and 1 June in 2016 . Results showed that spraying trees with amino acids ,bleed grape and seaweed extract treatments and their interactions caused a significant decrease percentage disease of Alternaria tenuis , Alternaria fici, Penicillium expausum, Aspergillus niger , souring , total decay, percentage of weight loss, respiration rate and increase total soluble solids ,vitamin C and fruit firmness after 7 days of the storage compared to control treatment . There was a significant effect between treatments. Treatment of spraying (Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs ) gave a significant effect and the best results for the year of experiment.


In the research community there exists a large amount of high quality wireless protocols and physical layer algorithms. However, single layer performance improvements are decreasing compared to cross-layer optimizations. These optimizations have more degrees of freedom and therefore allow for greater improvements. Sadly, there are no platforms that allow easy prototyping of these cross-layer optimized systems. To tackle this problem we present CLAWS (Cross-Layer Adaptable Wireless System), which combines a powerful FPGA based SDR with a fully standard compliant IEEE 802.15.4 stack. Combined to form a very flexible platform with easy access to all layers of the network stack. To show its performance we have developed a demonstrator that shows how CLAWS can interoperate with a network of off-the-shelf wireless sensor nodes. Moreover, using this powerful and easy to use platform, we've implemented a cross-layer improvement, where all nodes are able to send on different frequencies at the same time to the CLAWS node.


Image caption evaluation is a crucial task, which involves the semantic perception and matching of image and text. Good evaluation metrics aim to be fair, comprehensive, and consistent with human judge intentions. When humans evaluate a caption, they usually consider multiple aspects, such as whether it is related to the target image without distortion, how much image gist it conveys, as well as how fluent and beautiful the language and wording is. The above three different evaluation orientations can be summarized as fidelity, adequacy, and fluency. The former two rely on the image content, while fluency is purely related to linguistics and more subjective. Inspired by human judges, we propose a learning-based metric named FAIEr to ensure evaluating the fidelity and adequacy of the captions. Since image captioning involves two different modalities, we employ the scene graph as a bridge between them to represent both images and captions. FAIEr mainly regards the visual scene graph as the criterion to measure the fidelity. Then for evaluating the adequacy of the candidate caption, it high-lights the image gist on the visual scene graph under the guidance of the reference captions. Comprehensive experimental results show that FAIEr has high consistency with human judgment as well as high stability, low reference dependency, and the capability of reference-free evaluation.


In the surgical treatment of drooping skin on the underside of the upper arms, the running W-plastic technique gives a less conspicuous scar than the standard technique involving longitudinal fusiform excision.


Newman noted long ago that although Aristotle was witness to the rise of Macedonia "[f]or all that appears to the contrary in its pages, the Politics may have been written while Thebes was still the leading power. Not a particle of Aristotle's attention is diverted from the pÒliw to the ¶ynow."1 The pÒliw remained central to his thought. As a result, Aristotle bequeathed to his followers in the world after Alexander, and especially in the centuries which saw the rise of Rome, a number of difficult philosophical and practical problems. While remaining central in many ways to the cultural and social life of Greeks (and of other peoples) it became increasingly difficult to make a convincing case for the political and social centrality of the pÒliw as maintained in Aristotle's philosophy of the state. Apart from challenges from the world of politics and international affairs, there were also philosophical and purely social challenges that needed to be met. Stoicism, in particular, with its doctrine of social ofike¤vsiw, the theory explaining the relationship of individuals to family, kin, fellow citizens and the rest of humankind, offered an attractive alternative to Aristotle's restricted emphasis on the pÒliw. Already in the works of Theophrastus and in the pseudo-Aristotelian Oeconomica we can see a shift in doctrine. Our sources for Aristotelian political theory in the period after Alexander are extremely limited, and it is not before the age of Augustus that we have anything like an overview. From this time there is the Epitome of Peripatetic Ethics and Politics found in the florilegist Stobaeus, authored by Augustus' court philosopher and confidant, Arius Didymus.2


A novel, simple fiber-optic acoustic sensor consisting of a self-mixing effect based laser source and a ring-type interferometer is presented. With weak external optical feedbacks, the acoustic wave signals can be detected by measuring the changes of oscillating frequency of the laser diode, induced by the disturbances of sensing fiber, with the ring-type interferometer. The operation principles of the sensor system are explored in-depth and the experimental researches are carried out. The acoustic wave signals produced by various actions, such as by pencil broken, mental pin free falling and PZT are detected for evaluating the sensing performances of the experimental system. The investigation items include the sensitivity as well as frequency responses of the sensor system. An experiment for the detection of corona discharges is carried out, which occur in a high-voltage environment between two parallel copper electrodes, under different humidity levels. The satisfied experimental results are obtained. These experimental results well prove that our proposed sensing system has very high sensitivity and excellent high frequency responses characteristics in the detections of weak, high-frequency acoustic wave signals.


Objective:
To enhance working memory in high-functioning adults with autism
Background:
Impaired working memory (WM) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often underlies core deficits in cognition and social functioning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can enhance WM in healthy adults, but its efficacy in ASD is unknown. We predicted that active bifrontal tDCS would improve WM performance compared to sham stimulation and that enhancement would generalize to an untrained task.
Methods:
Twelve high-functioning adults with ASD engaged in a battery of working memory tasks that included backward spatial span, backward digit span, spatial n-back and letter n-back. While engaged, 1.5 mA bifrontal stimulation was applied for 40 minutes over the left and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC). Using a crossover design, each participant received left anodal/right cathodal stimulation, right anodal/left cathodal stimulation, or sham stimulation, in counter-balanced order on three separate days. Following tDCS, participants again engaged in letter and spatial n-back tasks before taking a brief test of attention (BTA). Repeated-measures ANOVAs, t-tests, Friedman's tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare composite z-scores for the WM battery and for online and offline measures.
Results:
Both left DLPFC anodal stimulation (t11=5.4, p=0.0002) and right DLPFC anodal stimulation (t11=3.57, p=0.004) improved overall working memory performance compared to sham. Left anodal stimulation (t11=3.9, p=0.003) and right anodal stimulation (t11=2.7, p=0.019) enhanced online performances. Enhancement transferred to an untrained task 50 minutes after right anodal stimulation (z11=2.263, p=0.024). The strongest effects were on spatial span backward (z11=2.39, p=0.017; Cohen's d = 1.3) and BTA (z11=2.263, p=0.024; Cohen's d = 0.51).
Conclusions:
In high-functioning adults with ASD, active bifrontal tDCS given during working memory training improves performance. TDCS also was associated with enhanced performance on an untrained task shortly after stimulation, suggesting broader benefits. Disclosure: Dr. van Steenburgh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Varvaris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schretlen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vannorsdall has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gordon has nothing to disclose.


This paper presents non-Darcy mixed convective flow of an incompressible and viscous fluid in a differentially heated vertical channel filled with a porous material in the presence of a temperature dependent source/sink. The analytical solution of fourth order non-linear ordinary differential equation for temperature field, which is formed by eliminating velocity field from system of governing equations in non-dimensional form, is obtained by using new modified Adomian decomposition method (NMADM) in terms of various parameters. In order to illustrate the interactive influences of governing parameters on the temperature and velocity fields, a numerical study of the analytical solution is performed with respect to three categories of transport processes i) when forced convection is dominated, ii) when forced and natural convection are equal and iii) when natural convection is dominated. Analysis of all categories has revealed that the temperature and velocity profiles are increasing function of modified Darcy number while decreasing function of Forchheimer number.


Hydroxymethyl-porphyrins were prepared by modifying tetraarylporphyrin possessing a p-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group at the meso-position and octaethylporphyrin. The synthetic alcohols reacted with carboxylic acids by the use of coupling reagents, to give the corresponding esters quantitatively. Due to the porphyrin dye moiety, the esterification was easily monitored on thin layer chromatography, and the resulting esters were highly soluble in most organic solvents and easily handled. The esters were readily cleaved by the action of an acid to give the original carboxylic acid and hydroxymethyl-porphyrin. Separation of the two species was performed by simple filtration: the carboxylic acid was soluble (filtrate) and the porphyrins were precipitates in methanol. These protective groups for carboxy groups were useful for peptide synthesis in the liquid phase.


Abstract A hyperfinite von Neumann algebra satisfies the condition that every o.d. homomorphism is a normal operator if and only if it is a factor of type In.


Despite the impressive developments that materials
science has achieved in the last decades, there are
still much more challenges to be solved, and
chemical, physical, and biological phenomena to be
understood in the field. This has the main goal of
creating environmentally-friendly, more efficient
and cheaper materials, and processes for their
production; materials science will always offer
endless opportunities for research and development.
Nowadays, it is thought that ionic interactions are
key factors for understanding many fundamental
phenomena in materials science. Thus, this work
discusses practical applications of emerging and
classic ionic systems -ionic liquids and ionic
polymerizations- in the development of new materials
and efficient processes for their fabrication. The
discussed topics are illustrated with potential
and/or established applications. The novel and
efficient methods proposed herein permit the
preparation of new functional polymers, smart
materials, and systems based on ionic interactions.
These new methods and materials might certainly have
a positive impact on the society and its constant
search for new and better materials.


The paper introduces a new type control and prevention system for the pollution of the hydraulic system.The system consists of the body, gasbag, and control valve with sensor or without sensor, and is con- nected with the vent valve belonged to the oil tank of the hydraulic system by the pipeline, the press in the oil tank of the hydraulic system could be regulated by contraction and expansion of the gasbag, which effectively isolates the contact between the oil in the tank and the air, decreases the pollution to the hydraulic system, increases the reliabi- lity of the hydraulic system


X-ray computed tomography and serial block-face SEM have provided detailed three-dimensional reconstructions of electrical trees for the first time. The application of finite element analysis (FEA) to the analysis of electrical fields in an epoxy block containing a tree is considered. Illustrations are provided by way of a number of case studies. It is shown that the limitations of FEA do not arise from the discrete nature of the meshing: rather uncertainties are more concerned with material properties in high fields on the micrometer scale, the limitations imposed by the pixel size of the imaging technique, and the discrete nature of the image reconstruction technique. For a dynamic model of tree growth space charge dynamics on the same physical scale need also to be modelled. A meshing strategy is used, calibrated against the charge simulation method, to ensure accurate but manageable computations in critical parts of a tree such as branch tips. Examples of field values are given using geometric constructs and low-field material characteristics as illustrative values. The field variation around a conducting tree structure, including the maximum field direction as a branch starts to bifurcate, is determined as an example. These yield values in excess of those expected if space charge movement was considered, but consistent with analytical calculations.


Summary Among a wide variety of nitrogen heterocycles that have been exploited to develop pharmaceutically important molecules, out of which pyrazole and oxazolidinediones are clinically used potential drug candidates showing oral hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities. Here we achieved the synthesis of some pyrazole derivatives of oxazolidinedione 9 for exploring their oral hypoglycemic activity by condensing pyrazole 4 with 5�(4 ׳ � flurobenzyl)�2, 4�oxazolidinedione 8 in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR and NMR studies, and were screened for oral


Considering the importance that the curriculum (and here books and teaching materials are included) exert in the process of training subjects, anchored in scholars, such as Butler (2010), Louro (2001; 2010), Paraiso (2004; 2010), among other authors, based on my own master's research (De Melo, 2020), which analyzed notices from the National Textbook Program (PNLD) and gender relations in Portuguese Language (LP) textbooks (LD); and, also, the research by Cardoso (2018), which analyzed the same relationships in the science curricular materials, this article intends to observe how the didactic collections of LP are structured, to pay attention to how they fit the BNCC guidelines, and what were the possibilities of problematizing gender relations in the guidelines for students present in these LD.


On 18–22 October 2021, the Irving Fisher Committee on Central Bank Statistics (IFC) and the Bank of Italy co-organised, with the support of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), a workshop on "Data science in central banking" that focused on machine learning (ML) applications. This event was an opportunity to take stock of how central banks are deploying ML across a variety of use cases. It also illustrated the importance of these new techniques in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their related operations, including by increasing their availability to deal with larger and new sources of information in a more automatised way.


To date, most assessments of the pain and distress caused by dehorning of calves and castration plus tail docking of lambs have employed changes in plasma cortisol concentrations. Although this approach can aid selection of the most appropriate methods in animal welfare terms, the use of cortisol as the sole physiological index allows conclusions to be drawn only about those features of acute responses to treatment which are reflected in plasma cortisol concentrations. Accordingly, in addition to the well-established cortisol responses to these treatments, that last hours, we now report on adrenaline responses that last minutes, and noradrenaline responses with an intermediate duration are described. Blood pressure, heart rate, adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses to ring castration plus tail docking of lambs are described, and their relative sensitivity as indices of low-grade pain as the acute responses to treatment wane are considered.


An efficient procedure for the Knoevenagel condensation of various aryl aldehydeswith active methylene nitrile compounds using sodiumascorbate as an efficient, green, inexpensive, and commercially available catalyst in water is reported. The advantages of this work are clean, easy work-up, high yields, and the use of water as environmentally benign solvent.


Levamlodipine besylate is a new kind of calcium channel blockers.Without the dextrorotatory part,the adverse reaction has declined greatly.The permanence and stabilization of levamlodipine besylate is better than other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.At present,levamlodipine besylate has been one of the common drugs in the treatment of hypertention.Furthermore,the combination of levamlodipine besylate and other drugs is also an optimal choice.Levamlodipine besylate can control the blood pressure effectively and placidly,regulate circadian rhythm,and improve vascular endothelial function to decrease the damage to important organs such as heart,brain and kidney to lower the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.


Design and reconfiguration approaches for high harvest rates and parallel on-wafer diagnosis of linear arrays are described. The defect-tolerant designs use multiplexers to switch intercell connections and guarantee that the wire length between any two logically adjacent cells is constant, independent of fault distribution. The designs are appropriate for implementing linear arrays of wafer-scale memory and processor architectures. The harvesting of fault-free cells into a linear array is a percolation process; there exists a critical cell yield such that the harvest rate drops to zero (approaches 100%) if the cell yield is below (above) the critical value. Finding a maximum-size linear array for a given set of fault-free cells is polynomial time solvable if only the interconnections between fault-free cells are utilized, but is NP-complete if the interconnections between all cells are utilized. A heuristic reconfiguration algorithm utilizing the interconnections between all cells is presented. Application of boundary scan to parallel testing and on-wafer diagnosis of the arrays is described. >


The US fetal images may be diagnosed either subjectively or objectively. In subjective diagnosis, physicians based on their knowledge and expertise in the field interprets the content of fetal region and concludes the fetal category. Obviously such decisions are susceptible to intra and inter expert variability, this makes diagnosis fallacious. An alternative may be the objective methods wherein the interpretations are made with assistance of computing procedures that are built on certain mathematical concepts. Such type of diagnosis offers consistent result and does not depend on the intra and inter-experts variability.


Introduction:
 Increased expression of TNAP (tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) in macrophages exacerbates atherosclerotic calcification in a mouse model. However, whether or not TNAP is necessary in the progression of calcification, or for proper cardiac function has yet been studied.

 Objective:
 The purpose of this study was to test the effect of TNAP ablation in macrophages on atherosclerotic plaque calcification and cardiovascular physiology, and compare it to a wild type situation.

 Methods:
 Macrophage-specific WHC-mTNAP knockout (KO) mice were produced in our colony by intercrossing floxed
 alpl
 transgenic mice (
 alpl
 gene encodes TNAP) and macrophage-specific CRE recombinase mice, in which CRE was expressed under the control of the lysozyme gene promoter. The macrophage TNAP KO strain was developed on the background of homozygous WHC ("wicked high cholesterol") mutation in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene. WHC-TNAP KO (n=10) and their WHC littermates (n=9) were placed on an atherosclerosis inducing diet at 8 weeks of age. The mice were maintained on the diet for 44 weeks, or until they turned 52 weeks. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) analyses of calcification in the aortic roots and arches were performed
 ex vivo
 . Echocardiographic studies were performed to assess cardiac structure and function at 52 weeks of age. Data were analyzed via a 2-way ANOVA to calculate the effect of TNAP ablation on calcification and cardiovascular physiology while adjusting for sex.

 Results:
 CT data showed no significant difference in calcification levels between the two genotypes. Cardiac parameters such as left ventricular (LV) mass, LV diameter and wall thickness, ejection fraction, fractional shortening and cardiac output also showed no signifgant difference between the two genotypes.

 Conclusion:
 Our data suggest that, despite TNAP expression in macrophages being sufficient to induce calcification of atherosclerotic plaques, it is not necessary in the calcification process. To the extent of our study, the ablation of TNAP in macrophages does not appear to have any consequences in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.


Thirty-four states and two U.S. territories have criminal statutes that specifically impose criminal liability for HIV transmission, exposure, or nondisclosure. With possible sentences ranging up to thirty years, these statutes have even provided the basis for convicting HIVpositive individuals who never actually transmitted the virus. To address the unreasonable prosecutions of these individuals, Representative Barbara Lee of California introduced the Repeal Existing Policies that Encourage and Allow Legal HIV Discrimination Act (REPEAL Act) to the U.S. House of Representatives on September 23, 2011. If passed, the REPEAL Act would require a systematic review of these statutes and the development of new federal guidelines to guide nationwide HIVcriminalization reform. This Note investigates the federal government's previous attempts at setting national guidelines for HIV criminalization and offers recommendations for improvements that could be made under the REPEAL Act. In particular, I argue that HIV-specific statues should be reformed, not repealed. To that end, I urge Congress to adopt new federal guidelines that provide clearer notice of scientifically established modes of HIV transmission, set adequate procedural safeguards to prevent unfair prosecutions, establish guidelines for proportionate sentencing, and guarantee adequate federal funding for reform. AUTHOR—J.D., Northwestern University School of Law, 2013; B.A., Oberlin College. Sincere thanks to Professor Janice Nadler for her thoughtful assistance; to my colleagues Zarine Alam, Laura Kolesar Gura, Trevor Lee, Andy Meerkins, Sam Scarcello, Yosef Schwartz, Liz Uzelac, Jeff VanDam, and Hillary Warren for their help throughout the writing and production process; to Scott Schoettes for introducing me to this issue; to Dr. Michael Newman for his curiosity, engaging feedback, and invaluable criticism; and to Beth Rogers for her patience and support. All views and remaining errors are my own. N O R T H W E S T E R N U N I V E R S I T Y L A W R E V I E W 1404 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1404 I.  THE REALITY OF HIV/AIDS IN THE UNITED STATES ........................................... 1408 II.  A CRITICAL HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL ENDORSEMENT OF HIV CRIMINALIZATION ....................................................................................... 1411 A.  The Presidential Commission Report of 1988........................................... 1412 B.  The Ryan White CARE Act of 1990 ........................................................... 1416 III.  THE NATIONAL LANDSCAPE OF HIV CRIMINALIZATION ...................................... 1417 A.  Public Health Problems ............................................................................ 1417 B.  Proof Problems ......................................................................................... 1423 C.  Proportionality Problems ......................................................................... 1424 IV.  THE ROLE OF FEDERAL GUIDELINES IN PROMOTING NATIONAL HIV-CRIMINALIZATION REFORM ........................................................................ 1427 A.  Repealing HIV-Specific Statutes Is Not a Viable Solution ........................ 1427 B.  Alternative Approaches for Reforming Federal HIV-Criminalization Guidelines ............................................................... 1428 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 1436


I n spite of the more widespread application of minimally invasive ("keyhole") surgical techniques and the availability of rapid and short-acting anesthetic, analgesic, and muscle relaxant drugs, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a common problem after surgery (1,2). In the ambulatory setting, PONV can delay discharge (3) and is a leading cause of unanticipated hospital admissions for both pediatric (4) and adult (5) outpatients. In addition, the occurrence of nausea after general anesthesia can prolong the stay of inpatients in the recovery room (6). Orkin' reported that when prospective patients were asked what they would most want to avoid after surgery, more than 70% listed emetic symptoms as their primary concern. These subjects were willing to accept a variety of tradeoffs (including dysphoria, increased cost, decreased mental acuity, and even increased pain) to avoid PONV. In considering approaches to minimizing PONV, most clinical investigations have focused on the use of prophylactic antiemetic drugs [e.g., phenothiazine (7) and anticholinergic drugs (8), as well as dopamine (9) and serotonin (10) antagonists] and anesthetic techniques associated with a low incidence of PONV [e.g., propofol-based sedative and anesthetic techniques (11,12), as well as avoiding opioid analgesics (13,14), nitrous oxide (15,16), and reversal drugs (17,18)]. Of interest, other important factors which can also influence the incidence of PONV are often ignored [e.g., hydration status (19), adequacy of pain control (20)]. Concerns regarding the side effects associated with the use of traditional antiemetics (21,22) and the high


INTRODUCTION: Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare, highly aggressive pediatric tumor of the central nervous system with a dismal prognosis. Although there is sufficient literature on brain AT/RT, spinal AT/RT continues to be a rare entity with lumbar location even less frequently reported. We report a recently diagnosed case of a lumbar spinal AT/RT in an African American child in our institution. CASE REPORT: A 30-month-old African American male child with multiple comorbidities presented with the inability to ambulate, encopresis and urinary dribbling. MRI showed an intradural extramedullary mass extending downwards from L3-4 level. He underwent L3-S2 laminoplasty. The surgically resected mass was marked by sheets of cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The tumor cells stained with antibodies to synaptophysin and CAM 5.2 and showed an absence of immunoreactivity to INI-1 antibody. A diagnosis of a WHO grade IV AT/RT was rendered. There was no mutation detected in the SMARCB1 gene on comprehensive analysis of blood. Patient is currently being treated according to the Medical University of Vienna ATRT-protocol (MUV-ATRT) with no evidence of tumor recurrence 8 months after surgery. DISCUSSION: Although not observed in all the cases, mutations of hSNF5/INI1, also known as SMARCB1 gene on chromosome 22q11, is pathognomic for AT/RT. Recent studies have suggested that the inactivation of INI1 might be associated with a poor prognosis. It is not known if spinal AT/RTs routinely have the chromosomal 22q abnormality frequently seen with brain AT/RT or if the two entities even have a different prognosis. More cases need to be reviewed to differentiate spinal from brain AT/RT to determine an effective prognostic marker and treatment strategy for patients with this rare tumor.


The intra-daily efficacy of interventions by the Swiss National Bank (SNB) is examined for the 1986–94 period. The paper extends results from earlier studies because it uses the actual intervention exchange rates and all SNB interventions are known to the market. Our test of the signalling hypothesis, which distinguishes between interventions and customer transactions, is similar in spirit to US studies that exploit the informational differences between reported and unreported interventions. A key finding is that only initial interventions matter; customer transactions and subsequent interventions have no influence.


Nowadays the Ukrainian communist party is that second important communist party among the country of Community of Independent States countries next only to?communist party of the Russian Federation,After the collapse of the Soviet Union,the Ukrainian communist party has become the most conspicuous political force among the large number of political parties which was reconstruction and newborn.In a short span of ten years,it has experienced the stages of development: prohibited,reconstruction,prosperity,power failure and so on.The gain and loss of the party's self-construction is the crucial factor which affects its prosperity and failure.It will have an important meaning of reference and enlightenment for the self-construction of Chinese Communist Party by analyzing and summarizing the experience and lessons learned from the party's construction of the second important communist party among the country of Community of Independent States countries.


Robins, L. N. (1992). The role of prevention experiments in discovering causes of children's antisocial behavior. In J. McCord & R. E. Tremblay (Eds.), Preventing antisocial behavior. Interventionsfrom birth through adolescence (pp. 3-18). New York: Guilford. Ruhl, K. (1985). Handling aggression: Fourteen methods teachers use. Pointer, 29, 30-33. Sciarillo, W. G., Alexander, G., & Farrell, K. P. (1992). Lead exposure and child behavior. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 1356-1360. Shapiro, E. S., & Lentz, F. E. (1985). A survey of school psychologists' use of behavior modification procedures. Journal of School Psychology, 23, 327-336. Shaw, S. R., & Braden, J. P. (1990). Race and gender bias in the administration of corporal punishment. School Psychology Review, 19, 378-383. Skiba, R., & Raison, J. (1990). Relationship between the use of timeout and academic achievement. Exceptional Children, 57, 36-46. Tingstrom, D. H., & Silver, N. C. (1989). Acceptability of schoolbased interventions: A replication with a Black sample. Journal of Psychology, 124, 587-589. Tucker, J. A. (1980). Ethnic proportions in classes for the learning disabled: Issues in nonbiased assessment. Journal of Special Education, 14, 93-106. Wang, M. C., Reynolds, M. C., & Walberg, H. J. (1986). Rethinking special education. Educational Leadership, 44, 26-31.


The dispersion equation of a coaxial arbitrary-shaped-groove slow-wave structure is derived by means of an approximate field-theory analysis,in which the continuous profile of the groove is approximately replaced by a series of recta ngular steps,and the field continuity at the interface of two neighboring step s and the matching conditions at the interface between the groove region and central region are employed.The simulation results by CST MWS are in good agreement with the numerical calculation results of the dispersion equation.We have calculated the dispersion characteristics and the coupling impedance of the slo w-wave structures with some special groove shape.It shows that the dispersion c haracteristic of the triangle-groove structure is the weakest and the coupling i mpedance of it is the least, while the dispersion characteristic of the inverted -trapezoid-groove structure is the strongest and the coupling impedance of it is the largest.


The formation of identity presents an ambiguity of which lies uncertainties which I will explore within this essay. There is a preconceived notion that once an identity has been formed it is fixed. What I aim to show is that identity is fluid. It reorganises, modifies and transform in relation to the need of the individual. Psychologists recognise there are many sociological factors which affect the construction of an identity; however, no singular aspect can be solely contributed to the creation of the self. Hitlin maintains that 'identity refers to a focus on the commonalities among people within a group and differences between people in different groups' (2003, p120). It is these commonalities and differences I will examine through the use of literature in the formation of identity.
The three primary texts I will be using are Neil Gaiman's American Gods (2012), Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) and J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone (1997). I chose these works as they all comment and explore the formation of identity through dispelling myths and traditions. I will be discussing these in relation to the theories on the formation of identity by Abraham Maslow, Eric Erikson and Steven Hitlin.
These novels and theories have influenced my own artefact as I considered how we as individuals have developed in a progressive and modern world while navigating the conflicting ideals of tradition and mythology. It is how we react to these conflicts that will, and can and impact our own identities.


The use of chlorine dioxide as a bleaching agent is one step toward that goal. It is a very effective chemical with several advantages over chlorine. It is more "selective" and thus more gentle to wood fibers. Smaller amounts of it are needed to achieve the same quality of finished product. And, it produces 90 percent fewer byproducts of the type that may bioaccumulate in aquatic environments. Thus, chlorine dioxide is a positive step on the way to "noeffect" operations.


Objective: Belonging to a social group is important for one`s psychological well-being (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Nevertheless, people sometimes ostracize others without hesitation. Although previous research has demonstrated that ostracism harms psychological well-being, it is not clear why viciousness of ostracism is likely to be underestimated among people who ostracize others. We hypothesize that people underestimate the viciousness of ostracism when: (a) they judge a target of ostracism as a typical deviant (i.e., a person of inability and antinorm; Marques & Paez, 1994) and (b) they judge ostracism as legitimate (Legate et al., 2013). Methods: A total of 104 undergraduates completed a questionnaire including one of four different scenarios about a target X in a virtual company. In each scenario, X was presented as a person of (1) incompetent, and antinorm, (2) incompetent, but pro-norm, (3) competent, and anti-norm, or (4) competent, and pro-norm. After reading a scenario, participants estimated the degree of viciousness if X was ostracized under each situation, and judged legitimacy of ostracism in general. Results: A 2 (X`s ability: inability, capable] × 2 (X`s norm orientation: anti-norm, pro-norm) × 2 (participant`s legitimacy judgments of ostracism: high, low) between-factorial ANOVA was conducted on viciousness estimation of ostracism. A three-way interaction of X`s inability × X`s anti-norm × participants` legitimacy judgments of ostracism was significant, F (5, 56) = 2.277, p < .05, η 2 = .169. Analysis of simple interaction effects revealed that, when X was a person of inability and anti-norm, participants estimated viciousness of ostracism toward X as lowest among the four scenarios. In addition, this tendency was bolstered when participants rated ostracism as legitimate. These findings support our predictions.


OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected Brazilian patients and to assess the correlation of several factors with the periradicular status. METHOD: One hundred full-mouth periapical radiographs were evaluated. A total of 2,214 teeth were evaluated for the presence of periradicular lesions, caries lesions, coronal restorations, pulp cavity exposure and endodontic treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions was 46%. There were no significant differences between individuals with or without periradicular lesions with respect to their socio-demographic status, habits, laboratory data and route of HIV infection. However, the presence of a periradicular lesion was statistically correlated with the number of teeth with endodontic treatment (p = 0.018), inadequate endodontic treatment (p = 0.025), images suggesting pulp cavity exposure (p = 0.002) and caries lesions (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected individuals was 46% and was not related to HIV infection.


Scaling is getting challenging with every technology node. Implant process requirements for defining conformal junctions in 3D device are very stringent. In addition, defining gate over topography is limited by lithography. Our solution to these problems is a novel junction-less FiNFET like transistor. Unlike conventional FiNFET the gate definition in this device is lithography independent. The fabricated NMOS and PMOS shows good transistor characteristics: I ON =52.3 uA/um, ION/IOFF ratio = 10 7 , SS = 92mV/dec for NMOS and ION =15.4 uA/um, ION/IOFF ratio = 10 5 , SS = 90mV/dec for PMOS. We also show inverter VTC characteristics fabricated using this NMOS and PMOS.


Abstract The moisture content of carbon black should be kept approximately constant if maximum accuracy in rubber testing is to be attained. In this laboratory we have found it convenient to equilibrate blacks at about 30 per cent humidity, under which condition most rubber channel blacks adsorb 1.5 to 2.0 per cent water. In the case of most of the properties of tread stocks, this precaution decreases the average deviation from the mean value in any series of experiments. In the case of extrusion tests, the effect of adsorbed moisture is so great that the use of a standard moisture content, or at least the determination of moisture content at the same time as the black is milled for extrusion, is necessary if reproducible results are to be expected.


One of the most far-reaching studies of the current state of Latin American agriculture, The Agrarian Question and Reformism in Latin America, was published in 1981 by Alain de Janvry. De Janvry, a French-born economist who has studied the Latin American agricultural situation for many years, examines the totality of that situation based on raw data for the region as a whole (generally up-to-date through 1974) and based on closer examination of selected individual countries. He concludes that Latin America faces a structural food crisis, characterized by production shortages and skewed consumption patterns, and that the situation is likely to worsen. The purpose of this study is to look at the food and hunger problems in Latin America by reviewing de Janvry's data and analysis as they relate to the food question, updating his figures where possible and filling gaps in them where apparent. By examining this, one of the most thorough studies of the question to date, we should be better able to identify the underlying causes of the food problem in Latin America, certainly a precondition for determining what can be done to alleviate it. Clearly, we have to look beyond national statistics that frequently hide serious nutritional deficiencies. We have to ask specific and probing questions in order to identify the underlying causes of the widespread hunger and undernourishment that we see in most Latin American countries. Is there an actual shortage of food due to an inability to produce, or is the problem due simply to widespread poverty, which leaves a large part of the population without the means to buy the food that they need? Is the displacement of the Latin


Correspondence: Gh Soltani Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-511-8525307 Fax: +98-511-7277749 Email: email@example.com Since the first report of percutaneous retrieval of intravascular foreign body in 1964, it has been accepted as a favorite approach for intravascular foreign body removal. Various instruments such as snares, biopsy forceps, dormia basket or tip deflecting wires are available for this approach. Herein, we report percutaneous retrieval of a dislodged guide-wire by dormia basket. The Patient was a 98-year-old female who was admitted in the Intensive care unit due to confusional state. The physian incharge left the guide-wire in her subclavian vein during central venous catheter insertion. He realized his fault immediately, so he started anti-coagulation therapy and requested surgical consult. Because of the patient's high risk of surgery, the surgeon referred the patient to cardiologist for non-invasive guide wire removal. The guide wire was apprpached through femoral vein by a dormia basket (4/6 F) and it was removed without any difficulties or complications. Utilization of baskets for intravascular foreign body removal is frequently reported and has been successful with low complication rates; In addition, the low cost of the device makes it less of a burden to the patient and the hospital.


The reliability of machine-building industry technological systems of is determined by the risks of hazardous events: failures of technological equipment, production items, executors of specified technological processes. The paper proposes the use of the G. Heinrich pyramid, built on the basis of the risks of technological system failures, which include primary failure, secondary failure, initiated failures, multiple failure, necessary to determine the significance of the influence of failure risks on the possibility of dangerous events. This is necessary for the organization of safe working conditions for workers through risk management of hazardous events based on a three-planimetric model for managing the reliability of technological systems. The authors have developed a three-planimetric model for managing the reliability of technological systems. The incident management process takes place on the first contour. According to the analysis of the statistics of incidents, the failure factors are managed on the second contour of the model. The third contour is process functionality management. The contours use the "Analytics" database, updating it and the database of possible options for technical solutions with the subsequent adjustment of operating conditions or methods for managing failure risks. Based on the obtained statistical information databases, solutions are being developed to manage the indicated risks of dangerous failures of technological systems. The control contour is closed in the cycle of technological system functioning and its risk management. Automation of the management process can be achieved through the use of resources of a machine-building organization and the development of an information management system for a unified technical condition monitoring system (UTCMS) based on the use of the three-planimetric control system.


Optical wireless communication is an attractive solution to the "last mile" bottleneck problem with additional benefits of having rapid deployment, enhanced security, protocol transparency, and unlicensed transmission bandwidth. However, atmospheric turbulence induced signal fading is a major performance degrading factor for any outdoor optical wireless communication systems. Since the atmospheric turbulence induced fading varies slowly, adaptive transmission is an effective fading mitigation solution for an outdoor optical wireless communication system. In this thesis, we primarily focus on the performance analysis of optical wireless communication systems employing different adaptive transmission schemes. We first study the average symbol error rate for a nonadaptive subcarrier intensity modulated optical wireless communication systems employing general order rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation. We consider three different turbulence channel models, i.e., the Gamma-Gamma channel, the K-distributed channel, and the negative exponential channel with different levels of turbulence. Exact average symbol error rate expressions are derived using a series expansion of the modified Bessel function. In addition, detailed truncation error analysis and asymptotic error rate analysis are also presented. Numerical results demonstrate that our series solutions are highly accurate and efficient. Next we investigate a variable-rate, constant-power adaptive subcarrier intensity modulation employing M -ary phase shift keying and rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation for optical wireless communication over the Gamma-Gamma turbulence channels. The adaptive schemes offer efficient utilization of optical wireless communication channel capacity by adapting the modulation order according to the received signal-to-noise


Pternopetalum latipinnulatum (Shan) J.B. Tan & X.J. He, previously known as an endemic species of China is now reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh. Detailed information about its description along with photographic illustration and a species key to related species of Pternopetalum Franch. in India are provided.


Summary. We report the first record of Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon in Colombia, the north-westernmost documented record of this species during its non-breeding season. In addition, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of the species' distribution based on a compilation of available records. Documented records evidence that this raptor either moves further north-west than was previously assumed, or that vagrants reach north-western Amazonia, suggesting that further ornithological research into austral and intra-tropical migrants in southern Colombia is needed. Differences between patterns of documented and undocumented records of this species suggest the need for multimedia evidence to substantiate data generated by citizen science initiatives.


This paper presents research funded by European Space Agency (ESA) / European Space Research and Technology Engineering Centre (ESTEC) into the development of technology to incorporate security functions into spacecraft flight software. The security functions are derived from the time and space partitioning mechanism within the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) concept. ESA is establishing a software reference architecture for future avionics that consists of a layered architecture with defined interfaces and functionality, and abstraction levels per layer. The lower level layers handle the computer issues and each progressively higher layer adds increasing functionality and services up to the implementation of the flight software applications. This approach is complementary to the Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS) concept. The security components are added at the lowest layer in the form of a separation kernel which is responsible for enforcing the time and space partitioning of the flight software. The security components complement the safety critical elements of a separation kernel with measures to enforce the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data. The research study used the EBIOS method to establish a set of security objectives and functional requirements for flight software. Two separation kernels were selected, one commercial and the other open-source, and successfully ported to the LEON3 spacecraft processor. An attempt was then made to verify the kernels against the security functional requirements. The verification was incomplete because the kernels did not support all of the security mechanisms specified in the requirements. However the technology has been established and can be upgraded to fully provide the security functions for future flight software.


This article analyses two different approaches to defense sector reform (DSR) in the Western Balkans. It explores the role of NATO in the reform process in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as well as Norway's involvement in Montenegro. Based on this, the article then compares and contrasts the two processes, and looks at the factors that have influenced their success or failure. The analysis show that both BiH and Montenegro have taken significant steps towards Euro-Atlantic integration, and that NATO and Norway have succeeded in part of their work to assist this effort. However, it also suggests that certain key factors for success in SSR have been less than optimal, such as donor coordination and the principle of local ownership. Both actors are also limited by the lack of a conceptual framework or guidelines for their work on DSR.


This paper presents an efficient time domain macromodeling algorithm for distributed lossy multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs) based on the method of characteristics (MoC). A key feature of the proposed algorithm is that the curve fitting depends only on the per-unit-length (p.u.l.) parameters and does not on the discretization of the macromodel. Thus, with the knowledge of the rational functions formed by the p.u.l. parameters, the proposed macromodel can be formulated in a closed form manner for any line length


This study was analyzed to predict the heat release rate for the effect of ventilation in fire by the railcar of reduced scale. the railcar of reduced scale with a thickness 15 mm gypsum plaster board length 1.9 m, wide 0.29 m and height 0.23 was made by 1/10 of real scale railcar. the interior material of 3 mm corrugated was used and ignition sources considering the growth rate of the fire wad located at the corner in the scale model. the HRR were measured using the ISO 9705(room corner). the ventilation condition of experiments were applied in the opening door of one direction according to scenario of emergency evacuation. From the results, the time to reach the HRR max were delayed in the area of ventilations and the HRR max depending on the size of the ventilation area was increased.


'Landscape editing' means the manipulation of virtual landscapes based on a combination of various techniques. Planners from different disciplines can test and discuss planning scenarios at a workbench. Such a workbench provides a virtual landscape that is visualised in a 3-D real-time rendering environment. Those involved in a planning process can transform, add, move and delete by direct manipulation of geo-objects. For every planning scenario, the system analyses the modified model and detects the changes. This is the basis to deduce measures that should be carried out to achieve the specified objectives in the real world, e.g. the improvement of the ecological conditions. The deduction process is based on a knowledge based approach. For such a system, it has to be assessed properly which data have to be captured and which special requirements have to be considered concerning the knowledge-base. One way to assess these issues is to define a concrete use case. We describe a use case from catchment management, namely floodplain planning. Based on the use case, we describe data requirements for various editing functions and the knowledge base for the deduction of measures. The discussion relates to the scale, positional and semantic accuracy, generalisation, and issues of data quality and data availability. For missing types of data we describe a way of data provision.


The goal of the present research was a study of the accumulation effect in transparent glasses and crystals under multishot irradiation by femtosecond pulses. The laser damage durability of optical components is important in the case of femtosecond pulses because of their wide application with high repetition rates for material treatments. It is concluded that, we have found existence of "cold" damage before plasma formation is reached.


We attempted to test the hypothesis that heatstroke causes arterial hypotension by modulating left ventricular performance in rats. Sprague‐Dawley male adult rats, under general anesthesia, were subjected to severe heat loss (43 °C for 70 min) to induce heatstroke. A 1.2F catheter‐tip pressure transducer was inserted into the left ventricle to record hemodynamic in the closed chest with pressure‐volume module data recording and analysis system. At the time point of heatstroke onset, compared with normothermic controls, rats with normal levels of cardiac HSP72 had significantly decreased end‐systolic pressure, decreased end‐diastolic pressure, decreased stroke volume, increased end‐systolic volume, decreased cardiac output, decreased ejection fraction, decreased stroke work, decreased arterial elastance, and increased time constant of fall in ventricular pressure by Glantz‐methods. With the overexpression of cardiac HSP72 by mild heat preconditioning (43°C for 30 min), a significant protection against heatstroke‐induced suppressed left ventricular performance was observed. Heatstroke causes hypotension by decreasing both cardiac mechanical efficiency and arterial elastance, which can be attenuated by the pre‐induction of cardiac HSP72.


The objective of this thesis was to design and implement a scalable and load efficient back-end system for web game services. This is of interest since web applications may overnight gain a signifi ...


Glial activation with the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators is a major driver of disease progression in neurological processes ranging from acute traumatic injury to chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Posttranscriptional regulation is a major gateway for glial activation as many mRNAs encoding pro‐inflammatory mediators contain adenine‐ and uridine‐rich elements (ARE) in the 3′ untranslated region which govern their expression. We have previously shown that HuR, an RNA regulator that binds to AREs, plays a major positive role in regulating inflammatory cytokine production in glia. HuR is predominantly nuclear in localization but translocates to the cytoplasm to exert a positive regulatory effect on RNA stability and translational efficiency. Homodimerization of HuR is necessary for translocation and we have developed a small molecule inhibitor, SRI‐42127, that blocks this process. Here we show that SRI‐42127 suppressed HuR translocation in LPS‐activated glia in vitro and in vivo and significantly attenuated the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators including IL1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, iNOS, CXCL1, and CCL2. Cytokines typically associated with anti‐inflammatory effects including TGF‐β1, IL‐10, YM1, and Arg1 were either unaffected or minimally affected. SRI‐42127 suppressed microglial activation in vivo and attenuated the recruitment/chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes. RNA kinetic studies and luciferase studies indicated that SRI‐42127 has inhibitory effects both on mRNA stability and gene promoter activation. In summary, our findings underscore HuR's critical role in promoting glial activation and the potential for SRI‐42127 and other HuR inhibitors for treating neurological diseases driven by this activation.


Between 1907–1916, Lenin developed a programme for the capitalist development of the Russian countryside which was intended 1) to prepare the material and social foundations for socialism, and 2) to provide an alternative to the tsarist regime's pro‐capitalist efforts. During this period, he hoped for a Marxist‐led bourgeois revolution. In his view, a petty bourgeois peasantry inspired by archaic fantasies of social justice and a realistic hatred of gentry privilege and liberal compromise, were crucial to any Marxist success.


Max Weber was the first Western thinker to explain effectively the influence of religious sentiments on economic behavior. He proposed his bold thesis that protestant ethic played dramatically a central role in the generation of capitalism's revolutionary psychology. The objective of this study is an analysis of economic implications of the religious precepts of Jainism in the light of Weber's thesis. This paper tries to achieve its objective in two sections. The first section deals on Weber's thesis within a general framework of religion and economic development. The second section concentrates on Jainism and entrepreneurship, wherein an attempt is made to discover the elements in Jainism that have possibly contributed to the economic development of Jains


Factor analysis of stream-sediment geochemical data proved a useful technique for defining different lithologic units and characteristic trace-element suites resulting from various hydrothennal processes. The analysis showed similarities between rock types that may reflect source provenances for the sedimentary rocks (for example, Co-Cr-Ni in Proterozoic Y and Proterozoic X rocks). Finally, the analysis indicated that some of the characteristic "ore" elements (for example, Mo, Sn) occur in rock-forming minerals as well as in the sulfide-mineral deposits. INTRODUCTION The Highland Mountains, Silver Bow and Madison Counties, Montana (fig.1), have been the site of frequent mining activity for over a century, for the most part concentrated in five districts: Rochester, Silver Star, Highland (Fish Creek), Moose Creek, and Upper Camp Creek. There are several types of mineral deposits in the Highland Mountains including complex-sulfide precious-metal and base-metal veins, contact metasomatic, stockwork, replacement, syngenetic(?) sulfide and oxide, and sedimentary phosphate. Commodities include gold, silver, copper, chlorite, chrome, tungsten, and phosphate. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a statistical analysis of trace-element data from rocks and stream sediments collected as part of the geochemical evaluation of the mineral resources in the Dillon, Montana-Idaho, 1° x 2° quadrangle. The Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle is a part of the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) of the U.S. Geological Survey.


Ethiopia is a developing African country with a population of more than 110 million. Visual impairment and blindness are among the public health problems in the country. The development of the eye health sector is promising although not adequate to fully address the existing problems that are relatively serious. The country is making an effort towards reaching VISION 2020, the right to sight initiative. For successfully accomplishing this goal, training primary eye care providers like optometrists plays a key role. This article provides an overview of the journey of 13 long years of the training programme in optometry in Ethiopia.


Three typical high mole fraction CO shift technologies in Shell pulverized coal gasification process were presented,which include high water/gas ratio(mole ratio),low water/gas ratio and low water/gas ratio combined with medium water/gas ratio CO shift technology.The process parameters including steam consumption,maximum CO shift temperature,and methanation side reaction in these technologies were comparatively analyzed.After making a survey of practical chemical industry and the present status,the advantages and disadvantages of the three technologies were outlined.It concludes that low water/gas ratio technology has low energy consumption,which is not only mature and reliable but also suitable for the enterprise when it is short in steam supply;low water/gas ratio combined with medium water gas ration technology integrates the advantages in high and low water/gas ratio technologies,and is suitable for revamping the existing high water/gas ratio technology.Meanwhile,the suggestion on the development of high mole fraction CO shift technology in Shell pulverized coal gasification process was put forward.


To the Editor.— We read with great interest the report of the Worcester Heart Attack Study by Goldberg et al.1We agree with the authors of this elegant study that it is critical that population-based epidemiologic data be collected and analyzed to determine the major reasons for the substantial decline in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in the United States in the past two decades. In this study, the incidence and in-hospital and out-of-hospital casefatality rates for CHD were collected for the Worcester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area for three years (1975, 1978, and 1981), during which time there was a steady decline in age-adjusted mortality from CHD. The authors conclude that the "recently observed declines in the mortality rates of CHD may reflect decreases in out-of-hospital coronary deaths and improving trends in the in-hospital survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction." While it is true that the in-hospital


The purpose of this study was to determine trends in dental caries prevalence and severity in children 5-59-months-old living in Diadema Brazil. In June 2004 an epidemiological oral health survey was carried out and socio-economic status assessed. The prevalence and severity results of this study were compared to other four cross-sectional studies carried out with the same methods and criteria in Diadema in 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2002. In all the surveys, participants were selected from all children attending a National Day of Children's Vaccination. Calibrated dentists carried out the clinical examination and parents completed a questionnaire about their socio-economic status. Caries trends were assessed by time-lag, cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal analysis based on Knutson and dmfs indexes. Time-lag analysis showed a marked and statistically significant decline in the prevalence and severity caries between 1995 and 2004. Quasi-longitudinal analysis showed a significant increase in both prevalence and severity between 1995 and 2004 studies for children from the same birth cohort. A significant association was found between socio-economic status, as measured by the salary income, educational level and work schedule of the father and mother, and the caries prevalence and severity for 5-59-months-old children in Diadema. The new generation of children in Diadema is having a better oral health


The curriculum is the most important element in the educational process. The curriculum is constantly changing in order to find the perfect formula to improve the quality of education. The change is not only caused by the development of science and technology, but social aspects or even a disaster can also be the factors for changing curriculum. Such as non-natural disasters, which have attacked Indonesia since March 2020, namely the COVID-19 Pandemic. The pandemic demands that education managers in each institution to innovate in compiling a curriculum that can be implemented effectively and efficiently. Such as the child-friendly curriculum implemented in MI Barokah At-Tahdzib. The study aims to explain the implementation of the child-friendly curriculum at MI Barokah At-Tahdzib during the Covid 19 Pandemic. The method used is a qualitative method with interactive model data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the child-friendly curriculum is implemented by 1) implementing offline learning while still paying attention to health protocols 2) Creating study groups consisting of a maximum of 12 children to reduce social and physical distance with a learning duration of 1.5-2 hours 3) Assessment Learning cognitive and psychomotor aspects carried out in a network via Whatsapp and google form, the cost of sending affective aspects is carried out by observation techniques when face-to-face group learning


Lamellar gel networks based on mixtures of cetostearyl alcohol and a cationic surfactant, cetyl-trimethylammonium chloride, were studied using a combination of rheometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) velocimetry. Experiments were conducted in a stress-controlled rheometer with a parallel plate geometry. Each formulation was found to exhibit a yield stress and thixotropy. The shear start-up behavior in response to a constant stress was directly observed using OCT velocimetry. Close to the yield stress, the velocity had a power law behavior with time after an initial period of transience. At larger stresses, the velocity undergoes two successive increases in power law scaling with time. When sheared at low, constant, shear rates 1–5 s−1, the fluids exhibit plug flow with strong wall slip at both rheometer plates. At rates of 10–150 s−1, the fluids separate into a distinctive three shear band morphology while the wall slip reduces. These rheological properties can be explained by a multilamellar vesicle to planar lamellae transition.