Verilog Netlist contains information about the inputs, outputs and interconnects. Microwind is a software tool which is used for CMOS IC layout design. The gate level design is created in schematic editor and simulator tool DSCH. The transistor size in the last few decades is shrinking drastically with the rapid advancement of VLSI technology to integrate more number of transistors on a single IC chip. This will indirectly affect the complexity in the placement and routing of the logic devices. And for any tool it is always a challenging task to make an efficient placement and routing of the cells. One of the EDA tool for CMOS design is MICROWIND, which uses a verilog net list generated by a schematic editor DSCH. This paper focuses on another improvement in Microwind tool by implementing a logic optimization method for rearranging verilog net list according to interconnect wire nodes and number of logic cells like CMOS inverter, NAND, NOR etc. gates using MOS at 120nm technology and using FINFET at 14nm technology. This paper describes the study of rearrangement techniques that can be applied for optimization of CMOS IC layout area, interconnect delay and power dissipation. The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the CMOS IC layout area and power.


This paper presents the results of analysis for the actual situation of information distribution and evacuation activity in the wake of the tsunami warning in September 2007 in Sri Lanka. This study aims to identify the issues for improving the tsunami early warning system of Sri Lanka. The analysis, focusing on the decision-making process, information contents and appropriateness of information distribution, was done both at the government and community level based on the participant observation by the first author, a questionnaire survey of the residents in coastal area and newspaper articles. As conclusions, the tsunami information was properly transferred to the residents and most of the people who received the information evacuated to the safer locations; however, some shortcomings are pointed out for further improvement.


Cervical cancer was formerly the second most common cancer killer of women worldwide. Following widespread adoption of Papanicolau cytologic screening (Pap test) for cervical cancer in the 1950s, this began to change. Today, advanced cervical cancer is rare in screened populations. Although an uncommon disease in developed nations, internationally about 500,000 women annually are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and about half of those women will die of their disease. In global terms, this ranks second only to breast cancer as a cause of cancer-specific mortality. Over the past three decades the scientific community has witnessed spectacular advances in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of cervical cancer, with the most profound discovery being in 1983 of the identification of the human papillomavirus (HPV) within cervical cancer (a discovery that earned Harold Zur-Hausen, M.D the Nobel prize for Medicine and Physiology in 2008). A viral etiology for cervical cancer implied that it may be possible to eradicate cervical cancer through vaccination. This promise was partially fulfilled in 2006 when the United States Food and Drug Administration approved an HPV vaccine for the prevention of HPV-induced cervical dysplasia and/or cancer. These advances, profound though they are, have yet to eradicate cervical cancer. Furthermore, due to the pervasiveness of HPV infection and the timeline of disease progression, it will be a few decades before we will be able to determine the impact preventive practices are having on cancer incidence and prevalence. In addition, those for whom preventative measures are not a solution, including HIV+ individuals as well as women already infected with HR-HPV, await an answer.


The Texas Department of Transportation has been using a variety of materials and procedures to improve durability of bridges structures. Epoxy-coated reinforcement has been used since 1981 with no obvious distress noted to date.


The reactions of superoxide with (Ru(NH/sub 3/)/sub 5/isn)/sup 2 +/ and (Ru(NH/sub 3/)/sub 5/isn)/sup 3 +/ have been investigated in aqueous solution (..mu.. = 0.1 M (formate buffer) at 23 +- 2/sup 0/C with use of pulse radiolysis). The radical HO/sub 2/ oxidizes Ru(II) with a rate constant of 9.07 x 10/sup 6/ M/sup -1/s/sup -1/, and O/sub 2//sup -/ reduces Ru(III) with a rate constant of 2.18 x 10/sup 8/M/sup -1/s/sup -1/. These values are in good agreement with those deduced from a study of the reaction of O/sub 2/ with (Ru(NH/sub 3/)/sub 5/isn)/sup 2 +/, and this agreement confirms many of the conclusions about the reaction mechanism arrived at from the latter study. Outer-sphere reductions of HO/sub 2/ to HO/sub 2//sup -/ are shown to be anomalous from the perspective of the Marcus theory. Approximate values have also been obtained for the specific rates governing the reactions of Ru(III) with OH, H, e/sub aq//sup -/, CO/sub 2//sup -/, and HC(OH)/sub 2/ and of Ru(II) with OH.


This paper researches in the field of social networks paid more attention on "real" relationship.However,Ghost Ties as "virtual" relationship was not yet concerned.Only combined virtual situation with realities,it is systematically revealed that the internal mechanism and the dynamic evolution of the social networks.


Impacts of the tourism industry on climate change are not negligible as indicated in various studies implemented so far. The eco-effectiveness of this industry can be assessed taking into account its carbon emissions combined with the tourism-generated income. The carbon intensity of the tourism industry in the island of Crete, Greece has been compared with the tourism-related carbon intensity in other tourist territories and countries as well as with the corresponding value of the Greek economy. Existing data in published literature have been used for comparison. Various measures resulting in the decrease of the carbon intensity of the tourism industry in Crete have also been examined. It has been found that the tourism-related carbon intensity in Crete is in the same range of values reported in other tourist territories. However, it is higher than the corresponding value of the whole Greek economy. If however the emissions due to international flights of tourists to Crete are excluded from the estimations, the resulting carbon intensity of this industry is significantly lower compared with its initial estimations. It is also lower than the value of the whole Greek economy as well as the required carbon intensity for achieving global sustainability.


Three-dimensional numerical simulation on free surface flow of spillway tunnel in Jinping hydro project is performed. The k-e model is adopted to describe the turbulence flow and VOF method is applied to track the free surface of the flow. The rational range of the equivalent roughness value and its effects on numerical results for different spillway are analyzed and discussed. The pressure distribution,water flow depth,cavitation number,sectional averaged velocity and water head variation are calculated for both two types of spillway tunnels which are inclined the elbow part of tunnel is near the intake and the other part is near the outlet. The result shows that the latter of two types of spillway tunnels has a high anti-risk capability in the view point of risk analysis,while the former has a better performance for cavitation mitigation,and is helpful to the energy dissipation and avoiding scour of the downstream riverbed.


The Air Force Phillips Laboratory has developed a small-scale supersonic Chemical Oxygen- Iodine Laser (COIL) test stand (VertiCOIL) in order to acquire COIL performance data quickly and inexpensively. The VertiCOIL device has demonstrated a chemical efficiency of 26.7%, the highest efficiency ever reported for a supersonic COIL. VertiCOIL uses a continuously-cooled basic hydrogen peroxide flowing loop which allows run times of greater than one hour.


The PANTHER-IPF trial was a turning point in treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (#IPF) highlighting the importance of randomised controlled trials in determining treatment strategies, even for rare diseases and/or potentially fatal acute events https://bit.ly/3Oi0KwD


K. MITRA AND H. C. MITTRA have been engaged on a chemical analysis of Indian foodstuffs. Among these are red ants, which, under the name of tuiu, find a ready sale at a comparatively high price in some of the village markets in Bihar, India. They are often eaten raw, and they are regardedas a delicacy. Mitra and Mittra have found that hau has a protein contentof 13·38 and a carbohydratecontentof 9·12 grammesper 100 cubic centimetres. They have recently extended their observationson this interestingarticle of diet by feeding it to young rats with the object of determining its value in available protein.' Rats were given a diet that was almost nitrogen-freefor a period, during which the nitrogen content of their urine and freces was estimated. They were then given an ordinary diet for a week, at the end of which time they were given food containing hau in the proportion of 10% and 15%, respectively,as the only source of protein. The relative digestibility coefficient and the relative biological value were then calculated by the tormulee devised by Chick et alii. The relative digestibility coefficient proved to be about 65% and the relative biological value 55% to 58%. It would seem, therefore, that the protein of red ants has a food value. The whole investigation seems , almost fantastic at first glance. But there are stranger foods than ants. For example, Melanesianseat head lice and sometimes bed bugs; the Australian aborigine eats ants and grubs. In these days of food rationing it is comforting to learn that when our meat supply becomes inadequatewe may turn with some hope of survival to ants. cathetercausessuch dyspnoeaas to necessitatetermination I of the procedure. In such a case bronchospirometryis , scarcely necessary;for the patient is obviously unfit for thoracoplasty. Again, one or both of the channels may becomeblocked by secretions. In such a caseit might be necessaryto repeat the procedureon another day, after bronchoscopicaspiration. Because of the possibility of blockageof the channels,it is always advisableto perform a preliminary bronchoscopicexamination. Finally, leakage of the apparatusmay result in untrue findings. Steele describes three cases to illustrate the value of bronchospirometry. In the first of these the patient was having treatment by artificial pneumothoraxon the left side, the degreeof collapse being about 50%. Diseaseof the right lung was advanced. The vital capacitywas 1,000 cubic centimetres. Bronchospirometryrevealed that the right lung was practically functionless. Thoracoplasty was thereforeperformedon the right side. If it had been found that the functional capacity of the right lung was equal to that of the left, thoracoplastywould not have been performed; for it would have caused too great a reduction in the vital capacity. In the second case, a woman having treatmentby artificial pneumothoraxto the left side had a vital capacity of 900 cubic centimetres. Thoracoplasty was contemplated for the treatment of diseaseof the right lung. As bronchospirometryrevealed that the oxygen consumptionof the right lung was almost equal to that of the left lung, the operationwas not undertaken. The third patient was a woman, aged forty-nine years, whose vital capacity was 1,000 cubic centimetres. She had a large cavity in the apical portion of the left lung. Bronchospirometryrevealed that the left lung was practically functionless. Drainage of the cavity was carried out by the Monaldi method,and later thoracoplasty was performed. Much can be done for the sufferer from pulmonary tuberculosis. It is doubtful whether many medical men know the value of the various active measuresof treatment even in these enlightened days. There is still a tendencyto allow the often wilful tuberculoussubjects to drift. One of our objects in drawing attention to Steele's article is to arouse the clinical conscienceof those who have not yet developed an appreciation of the modern methods of therapy in tuberculosis. BRONCHOSPIROMETRY. '!Luttent '!Lomment.


A series of aryl-substituted β-diketonate adducts with 5,5′-di(heptadecyl)-2,2′-bipyridine has been synthesised. All the compounds exhibit a mesomorphic (smectic) behaviour. It has been shown that the metal ion does not drastically influence the mesophase type and the transition temperatures. A thin film of Eu(III) complex shows more effective luminescence in the aligned state.


A novel method combining RAFT polymerization with pulsed-laser initiation for determining chain-length dependent termination rate coefficients, k t , is presented. Degenerative chain-transfer in RAFT enables single-pulse pulsed-laser polymerization (SP-PLP) traces to be measured on systems with a narrow radical distribution that remains essentially unchanged during the experiment. SP-PLP-RAFT experiments at different polymerization times allow for determining k t as a function of chain length via classical kinetics assuming chain-length independent k t .


Bolivia's "revolutionary nationalism" epoch (1952–1964) saw a remarkable upsurge in the number, scope, and variety of state-sponsored folkloric music-dance events involving criollo-mestizo, cholo-mestizo, and indigenous performers. It was also in the years of MNR rule that Bolivia obtained a state-funded folkloric ballet company and fully operational Department of Folklore. The 1952–1964 MNR era thus represents not only a time of momentous political, social, and economic change for Bolivia, but also a critical juncture for the national folklore movement. This chapter analyzes the major musical folklorization initiatives that state-affiliated entities launched in La Paz city from 1952 to 1964, with special attention given to their connections with MNR projects and agendas, in particular the party's panacea of cultural mestizaje (ethnic-cultural fusion). As this chapter shows, MNR-sponsored musical folklorization initiatives at times contradicted official party ideology, and in some instances articulated to a greater extent with indigenismo than with mestizaje.


Michael Sandel's The Tyranny of Merit: What's Become of the Common Good? is the latest in a number of recent works that pose the question: What happened? How did Donald Trump win the presidency in 2016? How did a self-identified billionaire with a degree from an Ivy League university convince working-class voters that he represented them in their fight against the "elites" who had left them behind? Sandel argues that conventional explanations—those that explain Trump's rise to power in terms of "animus against immigrants and racial and ethnic minorities or . . . anxiety in the face of globalization and technological change"— are woefully incomplete. For Sandel, an essential part of the story includes a reckoning with meritocracy. In Sandel's view, the problem is not that the nation is a failed meritocracy. That is, Sandel rejects the idea that Trump won the hearts and minds of a substantial minority of the electorate because the country purports to be—but, in reality, is not—one in which everyone has an equal opportunity to compete and those who are most talented can rise through the social ranks (and accumulate the most wealth along the way). Sandel instead proposes that Trump supporters voted for him because they—and the rest of the country—have not rejected the idea ofmeritocracy itself. Meritocracy, according to Sandel, is morally indefensible. And politically dangerous. In a meritocracy, those at the top of the social hierarchy are there because they are more talented, have more valuable skills, and work harder than those below them. This


Persistent sneezing of weaner and grower-finisher pigs is reported at the veterinary clinic of University of Nairobi, Kenya [date not given]. The pigs were from a medium scale piggery system composed of 15 sows, 1 boar, 74 grower-finishers, 16 weaners and 11 piglets. Physical inspection of the premises revealed that the pigs were housed in dusty pens with low partitions of stone walls. While the main clinical signs observed in the affected pigs were sneezing, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, tear staining of the hair on the medial canthi of the eyes, coughing, emaciation, lateral deviation of the snout, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge and nasal bleeding of one grower-finisher. Nasal swabs were obtained from few affected animals for laboratory isolation of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida. After sampling, the acutely affected animals were treated with oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg, i.m., Tetroxy, Bimeda, UK) which was repeated after 7 days. The treatment reduced the number of sneezing pigs and the severity of sneezing but did not eliminate the sneezing completely until the pigs were slaughtered. It was observed that normal pigs had mean carcass weight of 75.0±4.11 kg while the sick pigs had a significantly lower (P<0.05) carcass weight of 63.6±4.86 kg. It is concluded that the clinical progressive atrophic rhinitis has a negative effect on growth weight gains and so can be of economic importance in open and continuous system of pig farming. The result of the treatment indicates that treatment of acutely sick pigs may be beneficial to farmers.


Under internal and external forces, the Bolivian universities have begun to walk the road of change. Signs show that this change will be different from previous ones because it affects the way of teaching that had been fixed for a long time.The transformation experience started on 2005 and the evaluation done four years later shows aspects that have to be taken into account for the continuity of this process. This article analyzes the reasons why change, in some cases, moves forward, and in others, stops or moves back. This analysis is based on a referential framework defined by Louis (2008), which is based on Rogers (1995).


Gordon Parker has been at the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, for some 30 years, being Head of the School for 20 years, and for some 15 years was Clinical Director of Psychiatry at The Prince of Wales and Prince Henry Hospitals in Sydney. He has had a long interest in research, with a focus on examining concepts and models in psychiatry, and has sought to develop revisionist models in a number of domains. In his early research career, he sought to re-examine the non-specific view that implicated parenting as a determinant of most psychiatric conditions. He developed the Parental Bonding Instrument, which argued for two principal parental dimensions (of care and over-protectiveness) and then examined the relevance of those parental experiences to quite disparate psychiatric disorders – demonstrating a possible causable contribution to some, that some parental responses were more a consequence of disorder in the child rather than a causal antecedent, and the relevance of a parenting contribution to many other disorders. In more recent years, he has sought to model the personality disorders, separating out descriptors of personality style and those of disordered personality functioning. Analyses (as reported in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica recently) indicated two higher-order dimensions for disordered personality functioning – low cooperativeness and low coping . He is currently focusing on a model distinguishing bipolar I and bipolar II disorders from each other and from mood swings experienced by those with true unipolar disorders. Over the last two decades, he has particularly focused on attempting to derive a sub-typing model for the unipolar depressive disorders. In studying distinctions between melancholic and non-melancholic depression, he has argued for the primacy of observed psychomotor disturbance in those with melancholia, and both developed the CORE measure of psychomotor disturbance and pursued the etiological meaning of this phenotypic marker. In more recent years, he has sought to distinguish meaningful expression of the non-melancholic disorders, and has therefore developed a model weighting the separate contribution of life event and personality style (and their iterative synergies) and again sought to explicate their phenotypic expression. This work has recently been summarized in a Cambridge University Press monograph (Parker and Manicavasagar. Modeling and Managing the Depressive Disorders: A Clinical Guide, 2005). In seeking to pursue such studies and a range of secondary objectives, he established the Mood Disorders Unit in 1985, assembling a team of clinician–researchers, and with that team making a significant international contribution to research into the mood disorders. In 2002, the New South Wales State Government established the Black Dog Institute, subsuming the Mood Disorders Unit. The Black Dog Institute (with the title respecting Winston Churchill's description of his own mood disorder) has four key components. In addition to a large research team, there are depression, bipolar disorder and perinatal clinics, education and training components, and an active consumer and community resource center, which manages the website (http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au) for both consumers and health professionals. The research activities of the team, and most of the research instruments developed by the team over the last three decades, are available freely on that website.


PURPOSE: A reserve point linked virtual character raising game system and a method thereof are provided to improve interest and to give benefit to the life of a user. CONSTITUTION: A method of a reserve point linked virtual character raising game system is as follows. A virtual space is selected from a user terminal. Virtual character purchase is requested in the user terminal. The reserve point corresponding to the purchase payment of the virtual character is deposited to a user virtual account. According to the purchase payment from a member store, a reserve point is reserved in the user virtual account. The display of a virtual character is varied in the virtual space. The sale of the virtual character raised in the virtual space is selected. The sold virtual character is disappeared from the virtual space. The amount of money corresponding to the sold virtual character is deducted from the reserve point reserved in the virtual account and remaining money is received to the bank account of a user.


Abstrak Language is one of media for people to communicate. We can use language to express our feeling, emotion, and ideas by using language. Language can help us facing and solving the problems in our lives, language also can show the character of someone. Up to now, we do not realize that where and when we know language such us uneasiness, frustration, self-doubt, unconfidense, etc. it is called by language anxiety. In other words, language anxiety can be covered by how the teacher and peer students actually react verbally and non-verbally to the efforts an individual makes in order to learn, assimilate knowledge and perform. What and how the situational anxiety which appears only under certain circumstances. In a language classroom, these circumstances include what and how everything happenas in and between the participants in the classroom. There are some reasons why the language anxiety and language dynamic can happen in our cl;assroom, they are: being judged in the classroom, feeling isolated in the classroom, feeling loss of control in the classroom, dose starting late mean "too late"?, a successful learning environment, caring and sharing in the foreign language classroom, clear sense of direction, sense of fun. Key word: Language Teaching, Adult Learner, Language Anxiety, Classroom Dynamic


Based on literature review and present situation of Chinese enterprises'innovation the paper analyzes the importance of the path from technology-introduction and adaptation to innovation.And the paper constructs a framework of innovation system from path of tech- nology obtaining,resources,endeavor of enterprises and policies.Finally some conclusions and suggestions are put forward.


Effective 2000, Canada's thin capitalization rules required firms to limit their debt-equity ratio at 2:1 from the previous 3:1. This measure was justified by the Department of Finance as better reflecting actual leverage of Canadian firms across all industries. Using both conservative and broad measures of leverage, this study examines the extent to which the new rules reflect leverage ratios of Canadian firms. Results show that industry is a statistically significant determinant of leverage under both definitions of leverage. Under the conservative definition of leverage, which more closely resembles the technical definition in the Income Tax Act, the mean debt-equity (or leverage) ratio was 1.06:1. Of the 64 industries (as classified by two-digit SIC code), only the real estate industry was found to have a leverage ratio (for tax purposes) exceeding 2:1. Under the broad (less conservative) definition of leverage, the mean leverage ratio was 2.66:1, with 32 industries reporting mean leverage ratios exceeding 2:1. The evidence suggests that the 2:1 threshold (or benchmark) in Canada`s thin capitalization rules seems reasonable. Firms in the real estate industry seem to have had the greatest difficulty responding to the ratio change.


This research is entitled "Analysis of Plot In Punke's "The Revenant" written by Michael Punke. The purpose of this research is to determine the elements of plot, order of plot, and the type of plot in the novel "The Revenant." There are two problems in this research, namely: What are the plot elements in the punke the revenant novel?, and how the sequence of plot stories in the novel "The Revenant" makes it interesting and turned into a film. Meanwhile, the source is taken from the novel entitled "The Revenant." The method used in this research is the qualitative method. The theory used in this study is the theory of Kenney, How to Analyze Fiction (1966). This theory is used to analyze the plot structure. Overall this novel has a theme of revenge, of course, and The results of this study indicate that the novel "The Revenant" is divided into two parts. First, character recognition, potential conflict. Which contains the conflict, climax and resolution of the story. therefore, the plot that appears is progressive.


Objective: To develop an exact and fast identification approach by using the frontal sinus.Methods: The morphological characteristic of the frontal sinus of 114 skull radiographs was observed.The characteristics of the frontal sinus were indexed by digital codes.The set of digital codes that described morphological characteristics of the frontal sinus were used to identify skull radiograph.A total of 22 kinds of the morphological characteristics of the frontal were developed for identifying,and 14 kinds of new morphological characteristics were developed for the first time.Results: There was no statistic difference in these morphological characteristics between the male and female.The characteristics of frontal sinuses of 114 samples studied were digitally indexed.Each sample brought a unique set of digital codes describing the frontal sinus.Conclusion: The code system of frontal sinus can be applied to identification of forensic anthropology.It is the better approach to digitally index the characteristics of the frontal sinus,and this approach is simple,fast and useful.


The development of skills and the rationale behind scientific thinking has been a major goal of science education. Research has shown merit in teaching the nature of science explicitly and reflectively. In this chapter, the author discusses how research in a self-regulated learning theory has furthered this finding. Self-regulation frames student learning as cycling through three phases: forethought (cognitive processes that prepare the learner for learning such as goal setting), performance (employment of strategies and self-monitoring of progress), and self-reflection (evaluation of performance with the goal). Because students have little interaction with the inherent guidelines that drive the scientific enterprise, setting goals toward more sophisticated scientific thinking is difficult for them. However, teachers can help students set goals for scientific thinking by being explicit about how scientists and science function. In this way, teachers also explicitly set a standard against which students can self-monitor their performance during the learning and self-evaluate their success after the learning. In addition to summarizing the research on learning and teaching of self-regulation and scientific thinking, this chapter offers recommendations to reform science teaching from the field of educational psychology.


Psychiatric ethics has emerged as a distinct academic medical discipline. The publication of the third edition of the Oxford University Press textbook Psychiatric Ethics in 1999 and Oxford's publication of An Anthology of Psychiatric Ethics in 2006 have helped to establish psychiatric ethics as a discipline in its own right and to identify core issues facing the field.1,2 These issues include those relating to confidentiality, professional boundaries, informed consent, involuntary treatment, managed care, and health resource allocation. While these areas remain essential for deliberation, research, and education in contemporary psychiatry, the scope of psychiatric ethics has been continually widening to include other important domains of our field. This special issue of the Harvard Review of Psychiatry aims to showcase some, but by no means all, of both the long-standing and the novel subjects facing psychiatric ethics in the twenty-first century. The articles in this issue make clear that contemporary psychiatric ethics must draw upon traditional principles of biomedical ethics but supplement these principles with diverse new considerations, approaches, and forms of reasoning. Nowhere is the need for fresh ethical reasoning more essential than in biological psychiatry. The genomics revolution in biomedical research, in general, has had a profound impact on the focus and tasks of psychiatric research, in particular. With an explosion of research on genetic contributions to psychiatric illness and early success in identifying important candidate genes, the urgency of ethical reflection on this form of investigation has intensified. Recent articles in the medical and public health literature have addressed the multifaceted ethical challenges associated with


In this study, species compositions, distributions, and diversity patterns of fish assemblages were investigated at 50 sampling sites in the Weihe River and its two largest tributaries, the Jinghe River and the Beiluo River, under high- and low-flow conditions in 2017. For every condition tested and in the all rivers tested, Cyprinidae was the richest family, containing 17 of the 39 identified fish species. Carassius auratus was the most common species, accounting for 11.3% of the total individuals. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) revealed that fish species composition differed significantly among rivers (p < 0.05), with dissimilar species assemblages found in the different rivers. Variation was influenced by a combined effect of habitat conditions, environmental factors, and human impact. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified variables explaining the variation in fish species (p < 0.05), and elevation contributed the most under both flow conditions. Alpha diversity decreased with increasing elevation within rivers as a result of changing environmental conditions, especially for wetted width. Alpha and beta diversities of rivers increased with increasing drainage area, which is related to habitat heterogeneity. The decrease in alpha diversity and the increase in beta diversity with increasing elevation can be explained by variations in habitat and geographic features.


Max is a teacher who is passionate about the conservation of the Morwell River wetlands in Australia. Through initiatives such as a Community Frog Census, his place-based science teaching champions the importance of protecting and understanding the dynamic relationship between humans and the wetlands. In the preface to the book, Somerville and Green profile the work of Max and vignettes like this one characterise the nine chapters which address Somerville's and Green's sustainability learning research with primary school children (aged 3–12 years) and environmental educators within Australia. Rich descriptions of pedagogical approaches appear throughout a series of research case study chapters associated with sustainability learning programmes in schools. Central to them is a discourse on children's active participation and 'voice' within research and sustainability education. There is a strong emphasis on affirming children's views and engaging them in decisions about projects. Key questions driving Somerville's and Green's approach are:


Copyright: © 2012 Baker JS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Although originally used with able-bodied healthy subjects, high intensity cycle ergometry can be used in conjunction with specific populations to assess subjects with chronic disease or physical disability. The rationale for such an application has been that the factors limiting physical performance may be muscular or neurological in nature, rather than cardiorespiratory [1]. Therefore, testing their peripheral function may have diagnostic and prognostic value. However, important questions remain about the feasibility and reliability of high intensity cycle ergometry when subjects with a physical disability perform the test. Problems of standardisation arise because of the marked variation in ability, fitness levels and active muscle mass that may be independent of resistive force selection [1].


A solvent-free process was used to synthesize high-purity zeolite Y from fly ash. Different from the traditional two-step method, fly ash was activated efficiently by mixed alkali of NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 at 750 ◦ C for 2 h. For prepared zeolite Y, the composition, phase structure, morphology, specific surface areas and ammonium adsorption were evaluated comprehensively. The results show that a single phase zeolite Y with octahedral structure and an average diameter of 2.5 µ m is obtained. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area is as high as 503.34 m 2 /g. Ammonium adsorption isotherm model on obtained zeolite Y was more consistent with the Langmuir model ( R 2 > 0.99). And the maximum adsorption capacity is 18.6 mg/g. It can be concluded that the study provides an economic process to utilize fly ash for the synthesis of zeolite Y, which is an excellent adsorbent to remove ammonium. In addition, this study provides an eco-friendly approach to synthesize low-cost zeolite Y from solid waste, which is of excellent adsorption for ammonium removal.


This paper extends a New Keynesian model with features of endogenous growth. This allows temporary shocks to have persistent effects, which in turn feeds back to short run demand and thus changes both the short and medium run response of the economy. The first major finding is that the model explains consumption crowding-in. Furthermore, monetary policy affects long run output, and the paradox of thrift can occur. Finally, the analysis is extended with a zero bound on monetary policy. Besides causing a long run loss in output, the loss of power of monetary policy causes a more severe short run de deflationary spiral in the presence of endogenous growth. Additionally, fiscal policy becomes much more powerful.


Objectives To determine how many General Practice (GP) Registrars in the London Deanery taught medical students during their final year of training. For those who did teach, to evaluate their experiences and for those who did not, to identify perceived barriers to teaching. Design Cross sectional survey of GP Registrars in the London Deanery completing their training in August 2010. Setting Online survey of GP Registrars sent after completion of training via the London Deanery GP Vocational Training Scheme (VTS) programme administrators. Participants GP Registrars in the London Deanery completing their training in August 2010. Main outcome measure The proportion of London Deanery GP registrars completing training in August 2010 who taught medical students during their registrar year. Results Over half of respondents were involved in some form of medical student teaching during their registrar year. Most of those who taught felt it enhanced their training, and the majority of those who did not teach would have liked to. Commonly cited barriers to teaching were: students not attached to the practice; not being given the opportunity to teach; and not having time to teach. Conclusions This evaluation demonstrated that GP registrars are either already involved with undergraduate teaching or want to get involved and the majority who teach feel that it enhances their training. A UK-wide study investigating the experiences and views of both GP registrars and GP trainers is warranted and qualitative work using focus groups or semistructured interviews would be valuable to develop the questionnaire for wider dissemination.


Using neural networks, Belokurov, Evans & Le Du showed that seven out of the 29 microlensing candidates towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) of the MACHO collaboration are consistent with blended microlensing and added Gaussian noise. We then estimated the microlensing optical depth to the LMC to be 0.3 x 10 -7 ≤ τ ≤ 0.5 x 10 -7 , lower than the value τ = 1.2 +0.4 -0.3 × 10 -7 claimed by the MACHO collaboration. There have been independent claims of a low optical depth to the LMC by the EROS collaboration, who have most recently reported T < 0.36 x 10 -7 . Griest & Thomas have contested our calculations. Unfortunately, their paper contains a number of scientific misrepresentations of our work, which we clarify here. We stand by our application of the neural networks to microlensing searches, and believe it to be a technique of great promise. Rather, the main cause of the disparity between Griest & Thomas and Belokurov et al. lies in the very different data sets through which these investigators look for microlensing events. Whilst not everything is understood about the microlensing data sets towards the LMC, the latest downward revisions of the optical depth to (1.0 ± 0.3) x 10 -7 is within ≤2σ of the theoretical prediction from stellar populations alone. Efficiency calculations can correct for the effects of false negatives, but they cannot correct for the effects of false positives (variable stars that are mistaken for microlensing). In our opinion, the best strategy in a microlensing experiment is to eschew a decision boundary altogether and so sidestep the vagaries of candidate selection and efficiency calculations. Rather, each lightcurve should be assigned a probability that it is a bona fide microlensing event and the microlensing rate calculated by summing over the probabilities of all such lightcurves.


Acknowledgements CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................8 Introduction Methodology Roadmap CHAPTER 2: RISK, DANGER, AND RISK PERCEPTION............................24 CHAPTER 3: SETTING AND INSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND..................33 Recent political history of Nepal Non-governmental organizations in Nepal Disaster risk management (DRM) NSET: Foundations for DRM work CHAPTER 4: RELATIONSHIP WITH THE GOVERNMENT........................48 NSET's relationship with the government Expanding contingent expertise CHAPTER 5: RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER NGOS.................................63 Organizations working on DRM in Nepal NSET's relationship with other NGOs Funding: Partnership with USAID Critique of other organizations Possibilities for collaboration CHAPTER 6: NSET IN THE COMMUNITY...............................................79 NSET and community-led disaster risk management committees NSET's Baliyo Ghar program (2015-2020) Baliyo Ghar Implementation in Baruwa, Dolakha District Social mobilizers Funding Equity Sustainability CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION................................................................117 Key terms, Organizations, & Translations Appendix A: Selected photos from Baruwa Works cited


Key Points Question How is normal-weight central obesity associated with risk of mortality compared with other anthropometric phenotypes? Findings In this cohort study of 156 624 postmenopausal US women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative study, normal-weight central obesity was associated with higher risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality compared with normal weight without central obesity. The magnitude of this association was similar to that of obesity with central obesity and higher than that of other anthropometric phenotypes defined by body mass index and waist circumference. Meaning Normal-weight central obesity is an underrecognized, high-risk phenotype for mortality.


The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is enzymatic amplification of specific regions of DNA while the inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) is used for obtaining flanking regions of unknown sequences without utilizing cloning techniques. The template for the reverse primers is a restriction fragment that has been ligated upon it to form a circle. The base changes and sequences of DNA can be amplified by using labeled substrates in polymerase chain reaction and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels, the electrophoretic mobility of single-stranded nucleic acid depends not only on its size but also on its sequence. Mobility shifts have used to determine single base changes up to 200-base fragments. A comprehensive statistical analysis called χ2 test has done in order to evaluate the sample of 200 individuals of both experimental group and control group. The blood tests reports with detailed history was collected with the help of clinicians in NORI and entered in the Performa. The current study will determine various types of thyroid cancer with respect to genetic alterations in aforementioned populations.


INTRODUCTION 1256 I. CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS OF LAND DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS 1258 A. Substantive Due Process Claims 1258 1. "Arbitrary and Capricious Substantive Due Process" Claims 1259 2. "Substantive Due Process Takings" Claims 1261 B. Regulatory Takings Claims 1262 C. Other Claim s 1264 II. THE CIRCUIT SPLIT OVER THE GRAHAMDOCTRINE: WHERE CAN SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS BE USED TO CHALLENGE LAND DEVELOPMENT REGULATION? . 1265 A. The Graham Doctrine 1267 B. Armendariz and the Circuits Applying the Graham Doctrine to Takings Claims 1268 C. Circuits Applying the Graham Doctrine to SDP Takings Claims, but Not Arbitrary and Capricious SDP Claims 1270 D. Circuits Imposing Heightened Ripeness Requirements for Substantive Due Process Claims in Lieu of the Graham Doctrine 1272 E. Circuits Ignoring the Graham Doctrine 1274 F. The Seventh Circuit's Rejection of Substantive Due Process in Land Development Cases 1275 III. POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF THE GRAHAM DOCTRINE ON CHALLENGES TO LAND DEVELOPMENT REGULATION 1276 A. Procedural Differences 1276 1. Ripeness 1276


INTRODUCTION. The incidence of cervix cancer in Cuba has not decreased. In 2006, 1512 cases were diagnosed and 473 females died due to this disease. The diagnosis should be made and the treatment should be applied during the preinvasive stage. The present study was aimed at evaluating the cervix conization as a diagnostic and therapeutic conservative method in patients with intraepithelial cervix neoplasia and at knowing the results obtained with this therapeutic modality. METHODS. A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted with the medical histories of patients undergoing cone biopsy with cold blade at the gynecology service of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from January 2000 to December 2003. The minimal follow-up was 3 years, with serial colpocytology every six months and with an adequate sample for the diagnosis by Papanicolau's method. The investigated variables were age, gynecoobstetric history, anatomopathological diagnosis, and result of the follow-up by Papanicolau's test. RESULTS. In 28 % of the patients the disease recurred within the first 2 years of the control follow-up and the lesions were considered as high degree, according to Bethesda's classification. CONCLUSIONS. It was concluded that the cone is an efficient, useful and effective diagnostic method to treat low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, and that its efficiency decreases as the lesion degree increases.


The article tells about essence and prospects of socioeconomic and environmental conditions for the agribusiness deve- lopment in Ukraine. It also describes priority basis revitalization of business processes on the basis of large-scale agro-industrial units cooperative type.


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Epithelial cell (top) meets fibroblast (bottom).

Bonder/NAS

The cytoskeleton of an epithelial cell is converted to a fibroblast-like morphology upon contact with a fibroblast. So say Edward Bonder (Rutgers University, Newark, NJ) and colleagues, who present what they


Many important problems in extremal combinatorics can be stated as certifying polynomial inequalities in graph homomorphism numbers, and in particular, many ask to certify pure binomial inequalities. For a fixed collection of graphs $\mathcal{U}$, the tropicalization of the graph profile of $\mathcal{U}$ essentially records all valid pure binomial inequalities involving graph homomorphism numbers for graphs in $\mathcal{U}$. Building upon ideas and techniques described by Blekherman and Raymond in 2022, we compute the tropicalization of the graph profile for $K_1$ and $S_{2,1^k}$-trees, almost-star graphs with one branch containing two edges and $k$ branches containing one edge. This allows pure binomial inequalities in homomorphism numbers (or densities) for these graphs to be verified through an explicit linear program where the number of variables is equal to the number of edges in the biggest $S_{2,1^k}$-tree involved.


The main goals of chronic hepatitis B treatment should be the long‐term suppression of viral replication to minimize disease progression and the risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment end‐points, depending on surrogate markers alone, in particular hepatitis B e‐antigen seroconversion, may not be ideal for patients who acquire the disease early in life.


The author discusses the applicability of a recently proposed strategy for the effective calculation of steering controls for a real analytic, controllable system without drift. The approach uses an approximating nilpotent system to compute the controls. These controls provide an exact solution of the original problem for nilpotent systems and for systems which can be made nilpotent by a feedback transformation. For a general system without drift, an iterative algorithm is used. The procedure can also be applied to systems which are obtained from systems without drift by a dynamic extension.<<ETX>>


Dwindling public funding as well as greater competition for grant dollars create a challenge for Extension. For Extension to remain a financially viable organization, educators have to be able to produce substantive, measurable program outcomes and impacts. Evaluative data can inform program development and delivery, and helps administrators report how funding is being allocated and the result of that allocation. Evaluative data can be shared with the public and other stakeholders as a means of garnering organizational support. The objective of this article is to highlight a multi-phase, multiple program year evaluation process resulting in substantive program outcomes and impacts.


Today (22/10/2012) , my colleague Charlotte Gage, policy officer at the Women's Resource Centre (WRC), is in Geneva as part of a small group of women from the UK addressing the United Nations (UN) Committee on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). She will be highlighting the problems impacting on women's equality in the UK and guiding the Committee on what women's organisations believe our Government must be questioned on, and held to account over, by the UN. This is a unique opportunity for women to raise with the UN the key issues that we are facing in the UK today.


A supply and demand control device 12 connected via the charge and discharge control device and a communication network for controlling charging and discharging of the power storage device connected to the distribution line of the distribution system area managed plan load power load and the power generation amount a load power generation amount prediction unit 231 that predicts the amount planned load power generation amount and the charge-discharge control device based on the storage amount of the charge and discharge command amount and the power storage device in controlling the charging and discharging of the power storage device, power purchase costs When the self-discharge loss cost, and battery life cost, and power transmission loss cost, and the first evaluation function calculating unit 232 to calculate the value of the first evaluation function is a sum of the charge and discharge loss cost, the first evaluation function It includes a planned discharge command calculator 233 calculates the charge and discharge command amount to minimize the purchased power plan output section 234 to create a power purchase plan based on charge and discharge command, the.


Currently,pursuit of high definition and qualitaty of image and sound effect bacome a hot spot of cellular game market.Hence,superiority of mobile phone game engine basically decided the superiority of game itself.This article is to analyze the key technology in current cellular phone game engine design through the graphics architecture of SymbianOS and its now popular functions related to games.


Students' preference for the medium of academic reading texts has been diversified in the modern era. Some students' preference for attaining information and knowledge has been confined only to print media, some are found to be attracted to electronic media and some prefer to use both electronic and print media for their academic purposes. This article is based on the cross sectional survey carried out at nine campuses across Makawanpur district, Nepal in the Academic Year 2018-2019. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Bachelor of Business Studies students' preference regarding electronic and print media of reading texts. The researcher adopted simple random sampling to select 526 students from the population of 798 students. To collect data, the researcher used a questionnaire regarding the students' preference for electronic and print medium of the reading texts. Frequency and percent statistics of students who preferred print medium of reading texts; and the frequency and percent statistics of students who preferred electronic medium of reading show that more students in the research study preferred the print medium of reading texts versus the electronic medium. The chi-square test of independence Ç2 (1) = 0.631, critical value = 3.841 and p > .05 show that statistically, there was no significant association between gender and the preferred medium of the academic reading texts.


The European directive 2003/10/EC poses a challenge to opera houses. The directive stresses the reduction of noise related risks at their point of origin, which for the opera is the orchestra pit. The execution of classical means of noise reduction is impossible without compromising the opera as a cultural heritage and the artistic freedom of the art form. The approach given here is to gather room acoustical as well as general requirements and use them as an input for wave based and geometry based room acoustical simulation models. With these models a set of constructional changes that improve the situation in the orchestra pit without impairing the room acoustics of the auditorium shall be developed. The project was initiated by the Deutsche Oper Berlin. This contribution gives a report on the work that has been done to consult this venue on the implementation of the directive. First results allow for the tentative definition of solutions.


PART I. INTRODUCTION TO CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT FOR ALL TEACHERS: EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE Chapter 1. Classroom Management and Evidence-Based Practice PART II. PLANS FOR REDUCING OR ELIMINATIVE DISRUPTIVE AND RULE-VIOLATION Chapter 2. The Good Behavior Board Game Chapter 3. Behavioral Contracting Chapter 4. Individual Disruptive Incident Barometer Chapter 5. Signal Time-Out for Minor Disruptive Behavior Chapter 6. Removal Time-Out for Severe Disruptive and Aggressive Behavior Chapter 7. Positive Compliance Momentum PART III. PLANS FOR KEEPING ON TASK AND COMPLETING ASSIGNMENTS Chapter 8. The Beeper System Chapter 9. Task Engagement Program (TEP) Chapter 10. Grandma's Rule for Increasing In-Seat Behavior Chapter 11. Response Cards Epilogue. Appendix A: Using Powerful Reinforcers in Your Classroom Appendix B: Providing Behavioral Consultation to School Personnel References.


Network public opinion leaders play an important role in food safety internet public sentiment guidance,and the netizens' trust on network public opinion leaders is an important factor affecting public opinion guidance. Study on the factors affecting the netizens' trust on network public opinion leaders through the questionnaire and multinomial logistic model in food safety internet public sentiment has been made. The results show that loss resulted from dishonest behavior,platform checks or examine system,authority,information interaction,information from reading,legal constraints and microblog viewing are factors affecting the netizens' trust on network public opinion leaders. Based on the results,suggestions have been proposed on policies guiding and supervising food safety Internet public sentiment.


The singular value eigenvectors are often used to recognise the different kinds of mineral oil. The eigenvectors are obtained by the Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEM) factorization from the three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. They are complicated and not easy to be recognised by the simple formula. A new type neural network-wavelet neural network (WNN) was introduced. The singular value eigenvectors were used to be the input of the WNN. The mapping relation was obtained by the WNN between the singular value eigenvector and the species of the mineral oil. The WNN realized the recognition of the different kinds of mineral oil. The experiment result indicates that the right of the distinguish rate is 95%. The WNN has much higher resolution and less training times than BP networks.


The more we learn about language, the more ignorant we find we are. The transformational explosion in the past decade has generated an incredible amount of research into English exceeding both in quantity and quality that of any two earlier decades. But the result has been to make grammarians uneasily aware of vast quantities of linguistic facts, generalizations, properties, rules which cannot easily be subsumed within any neat grammatical framework. So the apparently glib mention of "universals" in the title of this paper may seem somewhat presumptuous. Perhaps I should have used the term "linguistic tendencies." But since all the evidence is never in and since exceptions are hard if not impossible to find for the ones I shall discuss, the term "universals" does not seem too risky. The two fairly secure universals discussed here may appear rather obvious, but their consequences have been little explored or exploited in the teaching of English as a second language. The discussion involves considerable use of meaning not only as a route for determining deep structure but as being almost if not completely identical to deep structure. That is, semantics and syntax are treated as fundamentally interdependent. Chomsky's early claim that grammar is best formulated as "a self-contained study independent of semantics" now appears more of a holdover from the heydays of structural linguistics than a useful tenet underlying present work in transformational linguistics. McCawley 1 has claimed that selectional restrictions have little or no independent status in linguistics. These seem to be semantic constraints on the set of possible messages. Thus it is pointless to claim that a paranoid who says


T SHE Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations was established by the Privy Council in August, I937. The purpose of this action was a "re-examination of the economic and financial basis of confederation and of the distribution of legislative powers in the light of the economic and social developments of the last seventy years." In particular, the Commission was instructed i. to examine the constitutional allocation of revenue sources and governmental burdens to the Dominion and provincial governments; 2. to investigate the character and amount of taxes collected .... in the light of legal and constitutional limitations ....; 3. to examine public expenditures and public debts in general, in order to determine whether the present division of the burden of government is equitable, and conducive to efficient administration, and to determine the ability of the Dominion and provincial governments to discharge their governmental responsibilities within the framework of the present allocation of public functions and powers, or on the basis of some form of reallocation thereof; 4. to investigate Dominion subsidies and grants to provincial governments.


A process and apparatus is disclosed for providing access to the interior of a vacuum deposition chamber in a vacuum deposition apparatus (10) without exposing residues, such as chlorosilane residues, within the chamber to moisture and/or oxygen-containing gases. The process comprises first placing over the upper surface of the vacuum deposition apparatus (10) an enclosure (40) which has a bottom opening large enough to completely cover the top opening to the chamber, and which is capable of being filled with one or more non-reactive gases. One or more non-reactive gases are then flowed into the enclosure (40) to purge moisture and/or oxygen-containing gases from the enclosure. After the enclosure (40) has been mounted on the apparatus (10) and purged by the flow of non-reactive gases therein, the vacuum deposition chamber may be opened, while continuing the flow of non-reactive gases into the enclosure (40). After servicing, the vacuum deposition chamber may be resealed, the flow of non-reactive gases shut off, and the enclosure (40) then removed from the apparatus (10). In a preferred embodiment, the flow of non-reactive gases into the enclosure (40) is positioned to flow down from the top of the enclosure (40) at a right angle to openings (44) in the sidewall (43) of the enclosure (40) provided for accessing the vacuum deposition chamber, to thereby provide a gas curtain of non-reactive gas flow across the openings (44) to inhibit ingress of moisture and/or oxygen-containing gases, as well as particulate impurities, into the enclosure (40).


The title of the research is Analysis of Cocoa and Coconut Intercrop Farming on Production Centers in Central Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the benefits of Intercrop Cocoa and Coconut for farmers. Central Sulawesi government has divided four centers of cocoa and purposive sampling researches, focused on two (2) superior centers, i.e Sentra I, includes: Donggal, and Sigi. Meanwhile, Sentra II includes: Moutong Parigi District, Poso District, and Tojo Una-Una District. Results of research descriptively explained that Cocoa and Coconut Intercrop Farming indicates good intercrop, measured from the distance between coconut – cocoa, i.e approximately 3.5m in average. However, some overlaps are still found in some locations. There are still other crops found among Cocoa and Coconut Intercrop, thus the growth of Cocoa and Coconut is not maximum. Another benefit of the cultivation of cocoa under coconut trees is it can improve the efficiency in the use of land and sunlight. In addition, Coconut can indirectly help to control Helopeltis palm plant biologically as black ants (Dolichoderus thoracicus) prefer to nest in palm tree, which will destroy Helopeltis.


Bad weather such as rain and haze will lower the visibility and contrast of captured images and often occur at the same time, which makes the situation worse. Existing CNN-based methods can achieve impressive results when processing each condition individually. But few works consider removing rain and haze under a unified framework. Besides, these models will experience degraded performance when the distribution of the data changes. In this work, we attempt to find a method that can remove all bad weather without switching between single task models and paired training data for driving scene applications like pedestrian detection. In specific, we adopt a disentanglement strategy to obtain weather layer from subtraction. The statistic distance is calculated between two weather layers from each pipeline. In addition, the weather layer serves as information guidance and input to the reconstruct generator. Experiments on mixed dataset from RainCityscapes and Foggy Cityscapes show that the effectiveness of pedestrian detector is improved. Finally, we contribute a new dataset called Realistic Driving Scene under Bad Weather (RDSBW), which contains over 70K real bad weather images.


Bovine respiratory disease (BRO) remains a major economic problem for both the beef and dairy cattle industries in the U.S. (1 ). Recent estimates of the losses due to BRO exceed a billion dolars annually which is greater than all other diseases combined (2) . The most common sequel observed in BRO is a fulminating fibrinonecrotic pleuropneumonia called shipping fever or pneumonic pasteurellosis. Although BRO is a multifactorial disease involving interaction between a number of environmental factors, various viruses and bacteria, Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A serotype 1 (A 1) also called serotype 1 (ST1) has been established as the primary agent involved in the pathogenesis of the pneumonia (3). P. hae,110/ytica ST1 can be isolated in pure culture from typical pneumonic lesions of the disease (4).


Based on design ideas of reconfigurable modular robotic arm, a reconfigurable modular robotic arm satisfying the strategic mission of China's space station is studied. Based on the manipulator configuration of the space screw operation task, the kinematics and dynamics models for the non-redundant 6-DOF configuration and the redundant 9-DOF manipulator configuration containing linear modules are established, and the linear type is compared and analyzed. The influence of the linear module on the kinematics and dynamics of each manipulator configuration is compared and analyzed.


A linear-phase FIR filter with more than two bands, designed by employing the Parks-McClellan algorithm, may exhibit an undesirable gain response in the transition band. In this paper, a practical FIR filter solution to such undesirable results is proposed, whereby a modified sampling kernel and the complementary filter concept are utilized. In particular, the proposed approach provides a closed-form design of type-1 linear-phase FIR filters satisfying the given filter specification.


We consider here the effect of inhomogeneous surface admittance upon the performance of a planar array. We compare an acoustically "rough" array, where the interstices between adjacent transducers present a different acoustic admittance to the medium than do the transducer faces, with a "smooth" array, similar but characterized by a uniform surface admittance. Incident sound waves are scattered by the inhomogeneities of the rough array, changing its sensitivity compared with that of the smooth array. Similarly, the strong spectral components with wavenumbers ranch greater than the acoustic wavenumber ω/c, which characterize turbulent‐boundary‐layer wall‐pressure fluctuations are partially scattered into lower‐wavenumber components to which the array is more sensitive. Consequently, the self‐noise of the rough array is greater than that of the smooth array. Computational results are given, comparing the response of rough and smooth arrays to acoustic signals and boundary‐layer noise. [Work sponsored by Nav...


This paper is based on research about learning in which the students still obtain learning from the teachers only and the students did not contribute during the learning process mostly. It is because the teacher did not implement innovative, creative, and diverse models. The research aims to describe how Integrated Thematic learning assisted by Time Token model in Class V at SDN 16 Enam Lingkung in Padang Pariaman can improve students' learning outcomes. The research approach is Classroom Action Research. The research subjects involved 18 teachers and students in class V. Data collection was carried out through observations, documents, tests, and non-tests. The research was conducted in two phases, Cycle I and II. In Cycle I, according to the lesson plan's findings, the average percentage was 83.33% (excellent), conversely, in Cycle II, the average percentage was 94.44%. (excellent). In Cycle I, according to the teacher, the average percentage was 82.81% (good), conversely, in Cycle II, the average percentage was 93.75%. (excellent). Students' average learning outcomes in Cycle I were 75.9% and the student's average learning outcomes in Cycle II were 89.13%. Thus, the Time Token technique in integrated thematic learning indicates students' learning outcomes produce an improvement.


Seventy-six percent of men and 71% of women over the age of 55 in the United States are considered overweight or obese, and the numbers are expected to rise especially since the population is aging. Aside from various metabolic comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease, overweight and obesity are also linked to decreased mobility and increased rate of falls in elderly, all of which may lead to premature death. Furthermore, adults over the age of 65 have 339% greater obesity-related medical expenses compared to younger adults (18-30 years old), thus strategies to promote weight management are needed. Belonging to the group of fiber, prebiotics are selectively fermented non-digestible food ingredients that have a favorable impact on the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Specifically, inulin-type fructans (ITF) including inulin, oligosaccharides, and fructooligosaccharides have been generating interest in the prebiotic area in the past two decades. A lot of attention has been directed at weight management, since ITFs are known to stimulate the excretion of anorectic gut hormones glucagon like peptide-1 and peptide YY upon fermentation in the colon. Research done to date has included samples with wide age and BMI ranges, various doses of inulin, as well as different study designs. More investigations are needed in specific populations, such as older adults who might have age-related alterations in gastric emptying. This pilot research study investigated the effects of short-term pre-meal inulin consumption (10 g, mixed into 500 ml water) on energy intake (EI) and appetite sensations over a 24-hour period, in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults (n=7, 55-67 years old), in order to determine the potential role of prebiotics in weight loss and weight management. A randomized crossover design was used, with participants completing both pre-meal inulin and control (500 ml water alone) conditions. There were no differences in EI, gram weight, nor energy density of foods consumed between the inulin and control conditions. However, observed subgroup differences suggest variances in response to the inulin preload related to gender, habitual fiber consumption, cognitive dietary restraint, and BMI status. Influence of pre-meal Inulin consumption on Energy Intake in overweight and obese middleaged and Older Adults: a pilot study Katarina Smiljanec GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT The United States population is expected to grow older during next few decades. Three fourths of adults in the United States over 60 years of age are considered overweight or obese, which is not only associated with conditions, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease, but also with decreased mobility and increased rate of falls in elderly, all of which increase medical costs and can lead to premature death. These statistics call for weight loss strategies applicable to middle-aged and older adult population. Recently, prebiotics, and specifically inulin, have been introduced as a potential aid in weight management. Inulin is found in foods such as bananas, garlic, onions, wheat, oat, leek, and asparagus, and is usually extracted from chicory root or Jerusalem artichokes for supplemental use. Upon ingestion, inulin passes undigested through gastrointestinal tract and is fermented in the colon. Compounds resulting from fermentation may stimulate the release of hormones glucagon like peptide-1 and peptide YY, which may influence food consumption. Research on the role of inulin in eating behavior has been scarce and needs more focus on specific populations, such as middle-aged and older adults, who may have altered gastrointestinal processes due to aging. Hence, this research study investigated the influence of short-term inulin consumption on food intake and appetite sensations over a 24-hour period, with the goal of exploring a possible weight management strategy in overweight and obese middle-aged and older adults. There were no differences observed in food intake between the inulin and the control condition, however, mixed results among subgroups suggest differences in response to inulin consumption related to gender, usual dietary fiber consumption, dietary restraint, and weight status.


Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of methanol extracts of three herbal plants namely garlic, Glycyrrhiza and Neem against three local Mycoplasma gallisepticum () isolates were determined using micro dilution method. A constant number (10 8 CFU/ml) of three MG isolates were used after confirmation through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 50 mg/ml concentration of each extract was maintained in first well and then two folds serial dilutions were made. Mean values of MICs of glycyrrhiza and neem extracts were 6.25±0.000 against all of the three isolates showing non-significant differences statistically. While, garlic extrac t showed MIC 3.125±0.000 against two isolates and 6.25±0.000 for third isolate showing significant difference (p ≤0.05). It was concluded that garlic is more effective than glycyrrhiza and neem in controlling the growth of MG and can be used as therapeutic agent in poultry to control MG infection, although field trials are needed.


The explanation of the relation between religiousness (being religious; doing according to one's religion's recommendations) and extremism depends on the different types of religiousness. Religiousness in terms of its religious theme can be divided into four types: (1) religiousness with an epistemological theme, (2) religiousness with a moral theme (virtue-oriented behaviours and habits), (3) identical religiousness with a religious-identification theme and (4) ritual religiousness, with the theme of religious rituals. Islamic religiousness is a combination of all four types. This religiousness is based on episteme. These elements, as mentioned sequentially, are based on each other, and the layer beneath is epistemological religiousness. Lack of one of the three types makes a person tend towards reductionist religiousness, but lack of episteme makes an individual tend towards extremism. Epistemological religiousness is based on self-knowledge. Religiousness that is based on self-knowledge is the main reason for internal and external moderation; religiousness of extremism is the result of self-ignorance and covering up one's ignorance.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Thyroglobulin (Tg), Thyroglobulin Antibody (TgAb), Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPOAb) and the benign and malignant thyroid nodules before operation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of serum TSH, Tg, TgAb and TPOAb levels, sex, age, tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis in 1434 patients with thyroid nodules who were admitted to the Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Shanghai First People's Hospital from June 2011 to May 2016 was carried out, and to explore the relationship between TSH, Tg, TgAb and TPOAb and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Result: Postoperative pathological diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules in 915 cases, 519 cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. There were 426 male patients, including 152 DTC patients and 274 BTN patients; 1008 female patients, including 367 DTC patients and 641 BTN patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of thyroid cancer between the two groups. The average age of DTC patients (46.925 ± 13.98 years) was less than that of BTN patients (53.936 ± 11.956 years), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean serum TSH level of DTC patients before operation (2.4885 ± 1.5772) uIU/ml was not significantly different from that of BTN patients (2.4586 ± 2.6947) uIU/ml (P=0.79), but the proportion of thyroid cancer increased with the increase of TSH level (even within the reference value range) (P<0.05). Tg level and positive rate of Tg in DTC patients were lower than those in BTN patients (all P<0.05), positive rate of TgAb and positive rate of Tg combined with TgAb were higher than those in BTN patients (all P<0.05), but positive rate of TPOAb was not different between the two groups (P=0.12). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of DTC was negatively correlated with age (OR=0.96, P<0.0001) and Tg level (OR=0.302, P<0.05), positively correlated with TgAb positive (OR=2.224, P=0.0002), no correlation with sex (OR=1.036, P=0.7817), elevated TSH (OR=1.110, P=0.05549) and positive TPOAb (OR=1.115, P=0.6459). Conclusion: Elevated serum TSH, decreased Tg, positive TgAb, younger age, and female may be indicators of predicting the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer, but further large-sample prospective trials are needed to confirm this.


Volcano-sedimentary environments are characterised by an intimate relationship between volcanic and clastic sedimentation that gives rise to particular facies associations that demonstrate the contemporaneity of volcanism and sedimentation. Examples of such type of processes are common in sub-aerIal and marine environments, particularly in relation to volcano-tectonic basins developed in extensional and strike-slip settings. A tectonicallycontrolled subsidence, volcanism, erosion, and sedimentation are the main geological processes controlling the dynamics of such particular type of tectonic basins and, together with the particular climate conditions in each case, will determine the characteristics of the depositional successions that will infill them. The Permo-Carboniferous Erill Castell basin, in the Catalan Pyrenees, offers an excellent example of volcanotectonic basin in which sedimentation was controlled by the continuous interaction between volcanic, including a caldera collapse events, and epiclastic processes that were strongly influences by changing climate conditions. From base to top, the infill sequence records progressively the following stratigraphic units: 1) an up to 200 thick intra-mountain molasses breccia deposited at the borders of the original basin (Fm Aguiró), 2) a 1000 m thick intra-caldera succession of dacitic ignimbrites and andesitic lavas (Fm Erill Castell), 3) a 300 m thick volcano-sedimentary succession of pyroclastic and epiclastic deposits with interbedded coal beds and lacustrine sediments, formed in a humid environment (Fm Malpàs), and 4) a several hundreds of meters thick succession of red beds dominated by massflows, stream floods and braided channels, organised in poorly developed alluvial fans, characteristic of a continental arid environment, with interbedded pyroclastic deposits. This sequence is eroded at its top by the transgressive Lower Triassic sediments. The continuous interaction between volcanism and continental sedimentation during the whole history of the Erill Castell basin, under different climate conditions, combined with a highly variable subsidence rate, gave rise to a wide diversity of paleosedimentary environments and volcano-sedimentary facies associations that clearly show the complexity of sedimentation in active volcanic environments and posses the question on how the interaction between volcanic and epiclastic sedimentation may produced mixed deposits in which the responsible depositional mechanisms are not always easily identified. In this presentation we will examine the main characteristics of the volcano-sedimentary succession of the Erill Castell basin and discuss about the main transport and depositional mechanisms responsible for such variety of deposits, as well as the influence of climate on the epiclastic processes, and on how the study of paleostratigraphic successions may help to understand modern ones.


I Must needs account myself very happy, in that I partake so constant and fresh Intelligence of the Matters of the World; and that from so active a Hand, as that I know no Example of greater Exactness and Industry any where than what is with you.


Downsizing is a current 'hot-button' issue confronting many organizations and enticing researchers alike. This case study explored the complex nature of these change initiatives, through both macro-environmental antecedents and non-financial organizational consequences. The adoption of downsizing was conceptualized through an institutional theory lens, and an organizational identity perspective to downsizing outcomes was applied, paying particular attention to the alignment of post-downsizing activities with the organization's mission. The case study examined the events leading up to the implementation of a downsizing initiative at a major university and then the post-implementation restructuring aftermath. It is demonstrated how organizational change can result in less-than-expected outcomes if the planning and implementation phases receive inadequate attention. Suffering from severe fiscal stress, decision makers mimicked a popular downsizing initiative without a thorough diagnosis, ultimately creating an environment for ineffectiveness. Specifically, a severe miscalculation in the number of faculty retirees resulted in academic chaos: a decrease in the classes offered; loss of administrative and student services; and loss of faculty achievements along with university name recognition. Most notably, a majority of retiree research endeavours were eliminated; a shocking outcome that conflicts with the mission of a major research university.


Abstract:Although Newman's Fifteenth Oxford University Sermon is often considered a precursor to An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine (1845), the following essay views this Sermon as an expression of Newman's personal struggle from 1839 to 1845: in the midst of confusion, he pondered; against the threat of liberal skepticism, he defended truth; in the face of doubt, he reaffirmed his relationship with God.


This article considers the output feedback controller design for a multi-level dc-to-dc buck power converter structure. This converter is used as an inverter in an arbitrary bounded output voltage reference signal trajectory tracking task. The multi-level output feedback controller design is accomplished via a suitable combination of the Generalized-Proportional-Integral (GPI) feedback controller design technique along with a multi-level generalization of the sliding mode-based Sigma-Delta (Σ - Δ) modulator. Simulations and physical implementation on a five Level Σ - Δ modulator, as well as the buck multi-level inverter prototype, depict the performance of the proposed output feedback controller scheme.


The invention discloses a method of measuring an outer diameter tolerance and the ovality of a thin-walled loop. A measuring table (2) is horizontally fixed above a base (1) through a sunk screw (3). A gauge frame (6) is linked with a gauge support (5) and used for fixing a measuring gauge (4) through screw bolts (7). Two moving fulcrums (8) are initially adjusted to supporting stations based on the outer diameter of a standard thin-walled loop and a measuring head of the measuring gauge is directed at zero. The measuring range of the gauge is adjusted within 0 to 2h. The standard thin-walled loop is taken out and replaced by the to-be-measured loop (9) which is rotated along the lateral fulcrum direction and the vertical fulcrum direction by at least two laps. The maximum value A and the minimum B are read out from the gauge. If (A+B)/2<=h and A-B<=h1, errors of the measured outer diameter tolerance and the measured ovality of the measured thin-walled loop are in compliance with the machining requirement. The errors of the outer diameter tolerance and the ovality of the measured thin-walled loop can be measured once and the method of measuring the outer diameter tolerance and the ovality of the thin-walled loop is suitable for thin-walled loops with large and small outer diameters.


The ultimate goal of the pension system is to improve social welfare. Foreign literatures focus on income distribution function and the economic growth effect( savings and capital accumulation) mainly using the general equilibrium method,But depth studying on maximizing welfare subjected to present constraint conditions is not enough in China,. Developmental welfare theory offers a new perspective of future study and policy arrangement.


Because of the time and expense involved in the calculations and, particularly, in model tests, seakeeping behaviour has received little consideration during ship design. However, a set of data ready for use and describing the behaviour of a systematically-varied family of hull forms, together with a simple interpolation-program, can quickly and easily provide the characteristic data required to enable seakeeping behaviour to be used as an additional quantitative criterion for design decisions. A set of such data, consisting of almost 252,000 items arranged in over 300 tables has been produced by the HSVA, together with a simple interpolation-program (in Fortran) used in the dialogue mode (manual interpolation is possible, but takes too much time). This Author presents a description, abridged from HSVA Report No. 15-5, of the structure and operation of this design aid which in addition to providing an additional design criterion, can furnish useful information for establishing scantlings and on the increase in resistance in a seaway. Some examples of its use are included. Order from: BSRA as No. 48,332.


It elaborates the designing resources of Western and Eastern culture by Antengzhongxiong.Taking the example of Wind of Churches,it discusses the time and space degree constructed by strong and simple figure.It also makes use of light,water,wind and soil to form the positional style.The article analyzes the works of Anteng,in order to exploit the inner spirit and culture.


It is a paradox, as Cheikh Babou points out in Fighting the Greater Jihad, that there are a plethora of studies of the Muridiyya, the Sufi Brotherhood founded by Amadu Bamba Mbacke in Senegal, but there is a paucity of biographical studies of the founder himself. Analyses of the Muridiyya have by and large adopted a sociological approach to the Brotherhood, focusing on its rapid and phenomenal growth in the early twentieth century, its association with peanut cultivation, and the political co...


An interview study was made in the central research laboratory of a large electronics company on problems in recruiting and integrating scientists into the laboratory. The recruiting procedure is described. The mutual expectations of recruit and organization are discussed. Several patterns of career development are traced, including: dedication to scientific research; initial orientation toward administration within the company; later interest in administration after a successful scientific career due to 1) financial and prestige attractions, or 2) competitive pressure in research.


A printed-circuit-board (PCB) based atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) capable of uniform processing over a large area was constructed consisting of two parallel plates. The first perforated plate is comprised of four layers: a RF powered metal layer, a polymeric dielectric layer, a floating metal grid and another dielectric layer. The second, grounded, plate was fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass plate with surface of 100  ×  100 mm2 and thickness of 2 mm. The PCB based atmospheric pressure DBD was characterized by (a) measuring electrical characteristics of the device using derivative I–V probes, (b) ICCD imaging and (c) optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Optical and electrical characteristics, as well as plasma uniformity were measured by changing He flow rate and input power, while keeping the gap between the PCB and the FTO glass plate ground electrode constant at 2 mm. The plasma uniformity strongly depends on the applied power and on the flow rate of the buffer gas. When increasing the flow rate, the intensity of the nitrogen-dominated emission drops, while emission of helium and oxygen lines increases. The source allows low temperature, uniform plasma operation over a wide area of 100  ×  100 mm2, which could be essential for numerous applications. Examples of etching rate and hydrophilization are demonstrated.


Based on practical work, the ground excavation and monitioring of South Xi Zang Road Station of Shanghai M8 line are introduced and discussed. This paper systematically introduced the supporting protection method of deep foundation pit and the informative monitoring system under complex geological conditions. During the construction, the whole excavation stage are monitored and the monitored data are analyzed. The data shows that the deformation of foundation pit are controlled within the tolerances and the excavation of foudation pit keeps small influence on neighboring environment.


Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology which builds a map in a pose graph has high accuracy but low memory utilization and limitations in handling full memory. This paper proposes a keyframe decision-making method based on the visual SLAM framework and deep reinforcement learning. The keyframe selection instruction is given to the mapper, and the map size is controlled to achieve map modeling. Furthermore, the map increment obtained by 3D reconstruction can obtain the intersection relationship between keyframes. We use a self-defining reward function to create the network learning policy to maximize map coverage and minimize memory usage. Experiments demonstrate that our method can perform accurate map modeling without affecting the quality of the mapping, thus reducing memory requirements.


The unique properties of quantum dots (QDs) result from quantum confinement effect. QDs are more efficient luminescence material as their emission spectra are narrow, symmetric and tunable. This further depends upon particle size, material and its composition. The goal of this work is to synthesis glutathione (GSH) capped and uncapped ZnS: Mn nanoparticles and comparison of their optical and morphological properties. The optical and morphological studies were done using UVvisible spectrophotometer, spectoflurometer, FTIR, XRD, TEM and EDS.


THE late Ernest William Barnes, sometime Bishop of Birmingham, had, in the opinion of some evangelicals, much to answer for of an unpleasant nature. Let it at least be counted to his credit that, albeit unwittingly, he brought Professor Bruce and me together in author/publisher relationship, a good deed which, thank God, was not 'interred with his bones'. It happened this way. In 1947, Bishop Barnes published a book entitled The Rise of Christianity. In this book, which went through four impressions in two years, he virtually discarded the supernatural in the Christian story and reduced it to a collection of myths of doubtful authenticity. So great was the outcry from those who respected the integrity of the New Testament that I felt that a book should be published telling the true story. Accordingly, I wrote to Professor Bruce and asked if he would write for me a book entitled The Dawn of Christianity. I evidently felt that it was necessary to let a little light into a very dark place! To my surprise and pleasure the reply came back, 'Yes, I will write the book you ask for, and the typescript will reach you on the 30th June'. I had received letters like that before from different authors, but on this occasion, mirabile dictu, the manuscript did arrive, not on the date when the author said, but the day before! Which was so unusual that I recognised at once that here was an author worth having, and this first impression was more than confirmed when I read the manuscript. First, it was meticulously prepared-! could have sent it to the printer without reading a comma in it. Second, it was written with scholarship, a warm humanity, humour and spiritual purpose. I realized that my original approach to Professor Bruce had been guided by a greater wisdom than my own. That was the beginning of a co-operative effort in the affairs of the Kingdom of God that has increased in spiritual capital gains and worldwide spiritual dividends ever since. As I write, I have before me the proofs of yet another reprintthe twelfth in English, with a translation in Japanese and another in Hindi. This little book was followed in the two succeeding years by two others, The Growing Day and Light in the West, now combined with The Dawn of Christianity as The Spreading Flame, which became the first and most frequently reprinted volume in The Paternoster Church History. We now have seven substantial volumes by Professor Bruce, all very much alive, in our current catalogue, and others in preparation; all this, apart from books that have been published under other imprints, notably that of the InterVarsity Fellowship, who have done and are doing such splendid work. To publish for Professor Bruce is to have the privilege of sharing in a joint ministry of Christian literature in which the author-partner not only prepares his MSS with the knowledge and skill of a professional writer, not only always keeps his promise as to time, but also never lets his partner down by introducing some quirk of exegesis or opinion which will at best detract from the value of the book, and at worst will arouse a storm of


By one-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, the propagation and stability of relativistic electromagnetic (EM) solitary waves as well as modulational instability of plane EM waves are studied in uniform cold electron-ion plasmas. The investigation not only confirms the solitary wave motion characteristics and modulational instability theory, but more importantly, gives the following findings. For a simulation with the plasma density 1023 m−3 and the dimensionless vector potential amplitude 0.18, it is found that the EM solitary wave can stably propagate when the carrier wave frequency is smaller than 3.83 times of the plasma frequency. While for the carrier wave frequency larger than that, it can excite a very weak Langmuir oscillation, which is an order of magnitude smaller than the transverse electron momentum and may in turn modulate the EM solitary wave and cause the modulational instability, so that the solitary wave begins to deform after a long enough distance propagation. The stable propagation distance before an obvious observation of instability increases (decreases) with the increase of the carrier wave frequency (vector potential amplitude). The study on the plane EM wave shows that a modulational instability may occur and its wavenumber is approximately equal to the modulational wavenumber by Langmuir oscillation and is independent of the carrier wave frequency and the vector potential amplitude. This reveals the role of the Langmuir oscillation excitation in the inducement of modulational instability and also proves the modulational instability of EM solitary wave.


In this paper, a heterogeneous Au-Ag nanostructure consisting of a rod and concentric square ring-disk is pro-posed to generate intense plasmonic Fano resonances. And the Fano resonance in plasmonic nanostructures is produced by the coupling between broad bright mode and narrow dark mode, causing a Fano dip in the scattering spectrum. One of the main characteristic of the Fano dip is the line width which can be reduced to 0.0135 eV in this nanostructure, and the local electric field enhancement factor can reach 64, which enables its promising applications in biosensing, detecting and surface-enhanced Raman scattering.


ABSTRACT Porous titanium oxide layers, which are important features for improving the biological activity of Ti implants with bone tissues, have been obtained through the technique of micro-arc oxidation (MAO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the micromorphology and crystalline structure of these oxide films, and the chemical compositions were measured by electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). TiO2 layers presented the crystalline phases of rutile and anatase. During the micro-arc oxidation treatment, Ca and P ions were incorporated into the oxide layer, and incorporation of Ca and P with the Ca/P content (%) of around 1.38 is similar to that in the human body. Nb2O5 was also identified in the treatment samples. The corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation curves. In the electrochemical corrosion tests, the treated samples presented lower values of corrosion current density than untreated Ti, indicating a better corrosion resistance. Diffusion phenomena were present in the process of corrosion.


Obtaining formation permeability using pressure build-up method is one of estimating the formation permeability methods according to RFT logging data. In order to study the influences of some factors such as test depth, the invasion of mud filtrate, the compressibility of the fluid in formation tester, etc. on the accurate calculation of the formation permeability, the causes forming the influences are analyzed based on the basic principle of acquiring the formation permeability using the pressure build-up method, and some problems are presented which should be considered during reading logging data and logging interpretation. By analyzing, it is held that the formation tester can only reflect the permeability of the movable fluid within test range; time should lag a little in reading the pressure of logging curve; the pressure increase must be taken into account which is caused by the invasion of mud filtrate into the formation near holebore in calculating the permeability of low permeability formation.


The utility model is an improvement of the utility model of supporting conformation of a rotor, the patent number of which is No. 99205731. The original case comprises a ceramic shaft tube, at least a ceramic bearing, a sheath and a cover. The basic conformation of the utility model is almost the same as the original case, however, on the aspect of the rotation fit of a ceramic shaft tube and a ceramic bearing, in the utility model, a ceramic shaft tube external wall or a ceramic bearing internal wall forms a non-cylindrical face alternatively, so as to reduce the contact area of the ceramic shaft tube and the ceramic bearing, so that the ceramic shaft tube can smoothly rotate even a clearance between the ceramic shaft tube and the ceramic bearing is less than 8 microns. Moreover, a connection part of the ceramic shaft tube and the rotator forms a ring notch or an axial notch, so as to strengthen the binding force of the shaped rotator and the ceramic shaft tube.


"A grain saved is a grain produced". Agriculture, which is contributing to the source of livelihood for over 70 per cent of the population in India is the backbone of the nation's economy.


Self-made butyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer dispersing agent was used to the surface modification of CaCO3,in which CaCO3 was the filler for PP composite.Scanning emission micrograph instrument was used to analyze the morphology of the dispersed filler.The influence of the copolymer content and the mole ratio of the two monomers on the mechanical properties of the composite were investigated.The results showed when the mole ratio of butyl acrylate to acrylic acid was 1∶1 and the mass fraction of the copolymer was 3%,the tensile strength of the CaCO3(20%)/PP composite increased from 18.20 MPa to 25.2 MPa,notched impact strength from 3.7 kJ/m2 to 4.8 kJ/m2,and elongation at break from 8.7% to 12.2%,showed better effects as compared to silane coupling agent.


We propose a systematic derivation method of the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) equation and nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation for nonlinear waves in bubbly liquids on the basis of appropriate choices of scaling relations of physical parameters. The basic equations are composed of a set of conservation equations for mass and momentum and the equation of bubble dynamics in a two-fluid model. The scaling of parameters is related to the wavelength, frequency, propagation speed, and amplitude of waves concerned. With the help of the method of multiple scales, appropriate choices of the parameter scaling allow us to derive various nonlinear wave equations systematically from a set of basic equations. The result shows that the one-dimensional nonlinear propagation of a long wave with a low frequency is described by the KdVB equation, and that of an envelope of a carrier wave with a high frequency by the NLS equation. Thus, we establish a unified theory of derivation of nonlinear wave equations in bubbly liquids.