An inflatable airbag cushion comprising: a bag having a front portion and a rear portion, formed from a first layer (30) of fabric and a second layer (32) of fabric, each being defined such first and second layers of fabric by a plurality of warp threads polymers, extending in the warp direction interposed by a plurality of threads of polymers frame extending in the weft direction substantially transverse to said warp direction; said bag further comprising a plurality of woven-in joints (16), said woven to define a barrier (14) against flow between said front portion and said rear portion junctions, so being arranged that when introducing a gas into said bag, the oxygen flow within the bag is limited by said woven-in joints, and restraining the gas in locations where inflation is desired and restricting inflation of said bag at locations where said woven-in joints are present, characterized in that: said bag has a woven construction type dobby, consisting all such woven in joints essentially of one or more straight line segments extending in the warp direction or the weft direction between said face portion and said rear portion being each formed by a woven pattern change Dobby weave through the union joint; and at least one of the woven-in joints forms at least one of a closed edge and an end between the face portion and the rear portion to prevent gas from escaping from the airbag cushion upon the introduction of gas therein.


We provide a natural simple argument using anistropic flows to prove the existence of weak solutions to Lutwak's $L^p$-Minkowski problem on $S^n$ which were obtained by other methods.


Cretamygale chasei, a new genus and species of spider, is described from a single specimen preserved in amber of early Barremian age from the Isle of Wight. This is the oldest (and second Cretaceous) amber spider to be described, and the first record of a Mesozoic spider from Britain. It belongs to the group Bipectina of the infraorder Mygalomorphae, and is tentatively referred to the family Nemesiidae. It is the oldest bipectinate, extending the record by around 90 myr, the only known fossil nemesiid, and the second oldest fossil mygalomorph.


For more than a decade, the discovery of liquid–liquid phase separation within living organisms has prompted colloid scientists to understand the connection between coacervate functionality, phase behavior, and dynamics at a multidisciplinary level. Although the protein–polysaccharide was the first system in which the coacervation phenomenon was discovered and is widely used in food systems, the phase state and relaxation dynamics of protein–polysaccharide complex coacervates (PPCC) have rarely been discussed previously. Consequently, this review aims to unravel the relationship between PPCC dynamics, thermodynamics, molecular architecture, applications, and phase states in past studies. Looking ahead, solving the way molecular architecture spreads to macro‐functionality, that is, establishing the relationship between molecular architecture–dynamics–application, will catalyze novel advancements in PPCC research within the field of foods and biomaterials.


In a two-year clinical study of dental caries conducted in six institutional homes for children, two experimental dentifrices were used. Slightly different combinations of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium n -lauroyl sarcosinate effected a statistically lower incidence of dental caries than the control toothpaste. The rates of incidence of dental caries were comparable for the children who used the two experimental dentifrices.


AIM To identify differentially expressed proteins in the plasma that may be used as biomarkers for heroin addiction through a two-dimensional(2-D) gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry approach.METHODS Following removal of albumin and IgG,the plasma from 5 heroin abusers and 5 normal controls was separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis using immobilized pH gradients 4-7 drystrip and PAGE.Gel images were analyzed using ImageMaster Elit 5.0.Differential proteins were selected and analyzed through tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS Average number for samples was 350±21 protein spots.In them there were 5 spots that differed by more than 1.5 fold between the two groups obtained through image analysis.Through tandem mass spectrometry above spots were identified as fibrinogen γ(increased by 5 fold),human α1-B-glycoprotein(decreased to 1/1.8 of control group),uncleaved α1-antitrypsin(increased by 2.5 fold),chain of transthyretin(decreased to 1/2 of control group) and ceruloplasmin(increased by 6.6 fold).CONCLUSION There are differences between heroin abusers and normal controls in the blood plasma proteome.Some proteins may have a role in the damage to central nervous system through heroin abuse.Such proteins may provide novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targeting,as well as clues for understanding the mechanism of heroin abuse.


The article tells in detail about the work of the public figure, the first Kazakh historian Mohammed Haydar Dulaty. Various genres were explored that were written in the direction of poetry in the famous work of the thinker and scientist «Tarih-i Rashidi» («The history of those who are on the way to the Almighty»). Also, poems written in the rubai genre are analyzed in depth. Each of them is differentiated from a meaningful, artistic point of view. Rubai is a one-syllable type of verse. The peculiarity of the genre is that even one verse has a deep meaning. Ancient philosophers, sages, and ruling bi-orators conveyed their wise thoughts through this genre. The article focuses on the etymology, and specifics of the development of this genre. Poems by M.H. Dulaty are systematized by content in several forms and examples are given, and his poems by construction, content, meaning are also analyzed in depth. Many literary genres are reflected in the classical work of the great scientist. Absolutely each of the works will give a person joy and warmth. The poetry itself in this work of the poet is partially divided into several contents. Rubayats of M.H. Dulaty are written in two big motifs. The first motif is philosophical, the second is lyrical. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of these areas.


CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN VIBRIO CHOLERAE ISOLATED FROM SHIPS' BALLAST AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES Frank Kornegay Thomson, III Old Dominion University, 2009 Director: Dr. Fred Dobbs Ships' ballast has been implicated as a vector in the dispersal of invasive species into new environments. Numerous cases have been documented for the introduction of macroorganisms via ballasting operations, but what is less known is the role of ballast water and residuals in the spread of potentially harmful microbes, especially with reference to novel genotypes. Of particular interest are the genes encoding for various forms of antibiotic resistance, many of which are carried on mobile genetic elements. A four-year sampling effort has yielded over 300 putative isolates of Vibrio cholerae from ships' ballast tanks and various environmental sources, of which 208 have been profiled for antibiotic susceptibility using twelve diverse antibiotics. The results demonstrate widespread resistance to P-lactam antibiotics (67%), especially in nearshore isolates as compared to those isolates derived from ships' ballast tanks. Plasmid extractions and restriction enzyme analyses have shown evidence of plasmids of approximately 38 and 23 kbp in many of these isolates, suggesting the potential for horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Additional work using restriction fragment length polymorphisms and PCR for specific antibiotic resistance genes has yet to reveal the genetic source of the observed antibiotic resistance. Knowledge from this study and future microcosm experiments will help to ascertain the potential for HGT in a ballast tank setting.


Successive UK governments since 2010 have adopted policies of austerity characterized by public spending and social security cuts. There has been little qualitative research exploring the effects of these policies on inequalities in mental health. This article presents findings from a case study of Stockton-on-Tees, a local authority in the North East of England with exceptionally high spatial and socio-economic inequalities. Qualitative interviews were undertaken with people experiencing mental health problems in different areas of the local authority, alongside interviews with key stakeholders. The findings offer an insight into spatial inequalities in people's lives, and the impact of deprivation on mental health. They suggest that austerity measures are having a damaging impact on individuals and communities in the most deprived areas of this unequal place, whilst leaving those from less deprived areas relatively unscathed—with the exception of increased job insecurity. The cuts in social security are impacting on health through both material and psychosocial pathways including increased financial hardship and chronic stress. The intrusion of the state into people's everyday lives was such that the notion of the "home as an asylum" was broken, giving many no respite from the draining day-to-day experiences of poverty. The findings are discussed in relation to the continuing program of welfare changes and public spending cuts in the United Kingdom, including avenues for further research and key recommendations for policymakers.


A review of pooling and servicing agreements from large subprime securitization programs in 2006 reveals that about 10% of the contract ban loan modifications altogether. The other 90% do not seem to forbid win-win loan modifications (defined as modifications that benefit the borrower and increase the present value of cash flows to the trust), although their terms are open-ended enough that reluctance to make such modifications is understandable. If the subprime universe as a whole looks similar to the contracts we have reviewed to date, mass clarification of contracts rather than mass abrogation either through special legislation or through the creation of a special bankruptcy process may be appropriate.


This study evaluates the flood reduction functions of five forested basins of the Yoshino river system covered with Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress. The functions are compared with that of the Meya dam basin covered with beech forest. The distributed runoff model is used, to eliminate the storage effect of the river channel that causes overestimation of the function. The functions of these basins are evaluated by the index of flood reduction function that considers resistance property of surface runoff and storage depth under the ground surface estimated by the model.The indexes of flood reduction function evaluation of the forested basin of the Yoshino river system are higher than that of the Meya dam basin. The difference between basins appears in the equivalent roughness coefficient of surface runoff in the runoff model.


An elongated body portion having a distal end, the elongated comprises a fixedly with mounted on the main body portion from the distal end of the elongated body portion and a cutting member extending distally, surgery to remove a portion of tissue It discloses an apparatus. Cutting member, the exposed conductive distal end to form a cutting surface for electrosurgery, adapted to donates electrical energy to the tissue. When the device is advanced through the tissue, the cutting member to excise the tubular region from the tissue, excised tissue extends into the opening of the cutting member, it is kept inside the elongated body. As one example, the cutting member is free to shrink. .FIELD 1


The population of hammer-headed bats, Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen, 1861, in the District of Plateau in Abidjan has been studied from August 2003 to July 2004. Vocalization recognition and roost counts of bats males have been used in order to identify mating calls sites and to determine the variations of population size. Results show that the hammer-headed bats have demonstrated a high preference for reproduction site dominate by Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae). The population size varied with the site, the tree species and season.


Rice is the most important and extensively grown food crop in India. It is the staple food crop for more than half of the world. Rice is grown on about 44 per cent of the total area under cereal crops and  contributes about 45 per cent of the total cereal production in India. In Gujarat state, district Kheda is ranked first in area and production with 0.095 million ha and  0.23 million ton production. The present study was undertaken in Matar Taluka of Kheda district with the specific objectives of studying the socio-personal characteristics and knowledge level of rice growers about the improved cultivation practices of the crop and find out the knowledge gap. Majority of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about improved cultivation practices of rice. About 64 per cent of the respondents had medium,  whereas, 24 per cent  had low level of knowledge about improved cultivation practices. Majority of the respondents knew the practices viz suitable soil type, land preparation, improved varieties, seed rate, area of nursery needed for one ha of selected cultivation and age of  nursery plants  appropriate for transplanting. The practices viz latest varieties recommended by researchers, recommended doses of fertilizers in nursery, disease control methods in nursery, application for seed treatment, seed treatment by bio-fertilizers, application of nitrogenous fertilizers, chemical weed control, knowledge about the beneficial insects in rice crop were least known to the rice growers.


This guide points to the test preparation resources available for free through the CCCC Libraries. Learn how to approach the research process.


The mechanically-induced phase-shifted long period fiber grating(PS-LPFG) is formed by pressing a single mode fiber from double sides with two identical periodically phase-shifted grooved plates.The influence of pressure applied on the fiber and the number Nof the π phase-shifts on the transmission spectrum of the PS-LPFG is investigated experimentally.The results show that the depth of the notch of the PS-LPFG can be determined by adjusting the pressure,and a peak transmission loss of-30 dB for LP12 mode has been achieved.And the separation between the two loss-peaks depends on the number Nof the π phase-shifts.The proposed method is simple and easy to control,which makes the fabrication of PS-LPFGs more flexible.


The invention provides an environment-friendly single-dose and double-color galvanized trivalent chromium passivation agent, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 5-30g of chromic chloride, 6-10g of fluoride, 3-6g of sulfate, 5-10ml of nitric acid with the mass concentration of 98%, 0.01-0.1g of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and the balance being water and impurities in per liter. The environment-friendly single-dose and double-color galvanized trivalent chromium passivation agent disclosed by the invention is simple in components, fewer in materials, and low in cost, and can be obtained by a single dose, the production cost can be saved, the manufacturing procedure is simplified, the work efficiency is improved, the formed passivation coating does not contain a noxious substance of hexavalent chromium, and pollution of the harmful hexavalent chromium is avoided from the production process of the passivation agent. The generated wastewater does not contain hexavalent chromium and is small in content of trivalent chromium, the wastewater treatment process is simple, environment-friendly and low-carbon, and the history that harmful hexavalent chromium seriously pollutes the environment is completely avoided.


Based upon resent research achievements in environmental geotechnical engineering filed this paper analyzes the evolution, development situations, definition, features, research subject and contents of environmental geotechnical engineering science. In the end new generalization is made.


This article aims to evaluate improvements in opportunities for research partnerships focused on innovation, considering the ISO 56003 guidelines, Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) concepts, and the experiences of the authors of this article, who are researchers in various areas (ex post facto). The results presented arise from structured debates and discussions. As a result of the analysis and reflections carried out, some improvement opportunities in most of the partnerships established among research groups can be visualised. Partners in a research group often debate aspects related to technical knowledge associated with the research and contractual procedures in detail; however, they do not equally emphasise other important partnership management aspects, such as the analysis of the research impacts on all stakeholders, the definition and adoption of a governance policy to better conduct the interaction among members, and other actions that can enhance the partnerships. This article can be characterised as a synthesis of lessons learned, in addition to a presentation of guidelines mentioned in the literature. This knowledge can be useful to other researchers in planning new partnerships or evaluating existing ones. For deciding whether to enter into a partnership or withdraw from it, the information presented here is of great value.


The effects of intertube additional atoms on the sliding behaviors of double-walled carbon nanotubes(DWCNTs) are investigated using molecular dynamics(MD) simulation method.The interaction between carbon atoms is modeled using the second-generation reactive empirical bond-order potential coupled with the Lennard-Jones potential.The simulations indicate that intertube additional atoms of DWCNT can significantly enhance the load transfer between neighboring tubes of DWCNT.The improvement in load transfer is guaranteed by the addition of intertube atoms which are covalently bonded to the inner and outer tubes of DWCNT.The results also show that the sliding behaviors of DWCNT are strongly dependent of additional atom numbers.The results presented here demonstrate that the superior mechanical properties of DWCNT can be realized by controlling intertube coupling.The general conclusions derived from this work may be of importance in devising high-performance CNT composites.


Functionalization of the surface of biosensors with biomaterials such as proteins and DNA has been widely employed to establish a specific selectivity and high sensitivity to target molecules. As for sensing materials, a group of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), e.g., MoS2 and WS2, has attracted much attention due to their superior optoelectronic properties as well as its atomically flat surface. Single-layer MoS2 has shown strong photoluminescence (PL) under photoexcitation, and the PL is largely affected by surrounding environments, such as molecular adsorption and solvent [1,2]. Thus, MoS2 can be a good candidate for an optical biosensor under physiological condition due to its high sensitivity to the environments. To this end, it is necessary to investigate the optical response of MoS2 to various aqueous conditions of pH and ions. However, despite of intensive studies, the MoS2 PL under aqueous solution is poorly investigated.


As the Journal of Diabetes Investigation (JDI) was launched as the official journal of the Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) in 20101, it will enter its 7th year of publication in 2016. It has also been almost 2 years since our journal became an Open Access journal in 20142, 3. As the background of our shift to an Open Access journal was mentioned in my previous Editorial in JDI in 20153, I won't repeat its history. It has been a short‐term experience, but our efforts seem to have been a success for the following reasons. After the first printed issue of JDI in 20101, the first impact factor was released with the evaluation of 1.881 in 20112, 3. Then, the impact factors in 2012, 2013, and 2014 were 1.770, 1.496 and 1.825, respectively. The number of citations in other journals and downloads of the articles that appeared in our journal grew steadily after the shift to an Open Access journal. In the case of downloads, as shown in Figure 1, the number markedly increased after the shift to an Open Access journal. As the data in 2015 are up to September, it is as clear as day that the total number of downloads could increase by approximately 30% by the end of 2015. In addition, JDI was accepted for inclusion in MEDLINE/PubMed in October 2015. Furthermore, it is a great pleasure for us to know that some articles in our journal were reported on famous global websites, such as "DiabetesPro SmartBrief" by the American Diabetes Association, just 2 weeks after their acceptance. All this evidence suggests that, like a snail, JDI is making slow, but steady, progress. As the disadvantage, there are the letters to inform us of the withdrawal of manuscripts by authors during review or after acceptance. The reasons come from the expensive charge for article publication. As one of its causes, the information including the expensive charge for article publication after the shift to an Open Access journal is not widespread throughout the whole world. It cannot be helped, because it has been a short time since becoming an Open Access journal. We are very sorry about this. However, this problem has resolved as time has passed.

Figure 1

In the case of our journal, the Journal of Diabetes Investigation (JDI), the change in the number of downloads before (2012 and 2013) and after (2014 and 2015) the shift to an Open Access journal. The bar graph with the blank in 2015 shows the value of ...

Recently, two interesting articles for researchers were published in the journals, Cell Metabolism 4 and Nature 5. I would like to discuss the current situation of JDI based on what was discussed in these two articles. Their information seems to be important for all researchers to keep in mind. At Cell Metabolism 4, readers and potential authors are informed, "We emphasize having a detailed experimental section in our papers so that anybody reading the paper can rigorously assess how the experiments were conducted and have enough information at hand to repeat the experiment". Then, the writers emphasize the following point: "We and reviewers examine the figures during editorial and peer review and, if need be, requested raw data from authors. We strongly encourage our authors to streamline the Results section so that only key information is included in the figures, which makes it easier to evaluate. We also take a close look at statistical analyses." Although these basic measures are not always unique to Cell Metabolism 4, it might be hard for every journal to put them into practice, but we must endeavor as thoroughly as possible from the viewpoint of both the maintenance of high quality for the journal and the education of researchers, contributing to the development of science, including diabetology. When we look at our journal in its infancy at the present time, there are so many elementary problems in the articles being submitted for publication. The most common reasons for rejection for publication come from the following silly things. In addition to no detailed description in Methodology and lack of proper Analyses mentioned in Cell Metabolism 4, the major criticisms by reviewers of our journal are as follows: poor study design (i.e., no control group, short‐term observation etc.); small sample size for the purpose of study; no certification of ethnic community; insufficient explanation of the results in the Discussion; discrepancy between purpose and conclusion; difficulty in finding a novelty; beyond the scope of our journal, and so on. Whenever there are interesting manuscripts with a new view among the papers evaluated for rejection, I recommend the authors change their articles to a Short Paper or Letter to the Editor from full Original Articles. Also, some authors are advised to reconstruct the manuscript completely and submit it again as a new manuscript to JDI. In each of these situations, it is the rule that I discuss the matter with the Associate Editor in charge of the case and then make a decision. I am sure that our approach of revising a manuscript to a new structure and text based on reviewers' comments will help to disseminate new ideas and observations, and it will make it easier for readers to understand the ideas and observations. It will also be beneficial to authors (especially young authors) to learn how to write a manuscript correctly. There are such fundamental errors in some manuscripts being contributed to our journal, because the journal is still young and developing. Therefore, as Editor‐in‐Chief, I read over all manuscripts evaluated for rejection myself, and read through the comments raised by reviewers. Then, I add some comments to the authors about my impressions, contributing to the authors providing and/or brushing up a new manuscript in the future. It is hard work for me, because the acceptance rate of our journal is only about 24% among approximately 400 articles per year that are submitted for publication. However, it is enjoyable.

Under the title of "Team Science" in the recent issue of Nature 5, it is reported that, "Interdisciplinarity has become all the rage as scientists tackle society's biggest problems. But there is still strong resistance to crossing borders." Furthermore, it is written, "As an academic movement, interdisciplinarity caught on during the 1970s and has been growing ever since." It is true that scientists need to collaborate with people in different areas to establish both good fundamental or clinical work to keep up with the remarkable progress of science. Although it depends on the circumstances, the reasons come from the necessities of wide and deep knowledge, fine skillful techniques, expensive equipment, large sample size, and so on. These phenomena are the same problems in the field of diabetology. However, when research was a collaborative work by a number of different institutions and researchers, the question of "who will be the corresponding author" arises, and is troublesome in some cases. In the case of our new journal, the number of articles submitted with multiple corresponding authors has recently increased. However, I regret that the reliability is doubtful in some cases. In cases with unclear reasons, these submissions to our journal are not accepted. It seems to be a common abuse of collaborative research. Thus, in new journals, it is necessary for the editor to check the application by authors before allowing the manuscripts into the regular reviewing system, keeping a high quality of publications and correcting the attitude of researchers. There are so many handicaps for new journals that we must overcome. All of them are an education for promising scientists.

"Othello" is one of the famous tragedies among the literary plays by William Shakespeare (1564–1616). The following excerpt is by Iago (Act I, Scene III): "Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners." On reconsidering the matter of JDI, "Our journal (JDI) is our gardens, to the which our editors and reviewers are gardeners." Thus, I really hope all editors and reviewers for JDI will keep this in mind. The mission of the JDI Editor, Editorial Board and reviewers is to show care for the journal, which is still new and developing, and to support younger researchers with the same care.


In this work, a game-theoretic analysis of a video exchange application in which two users exchange their video streams over a satellite channel using Quality of Experience (QoE) driven rate adaptation is studied. In such an interaction, users aim at maximizing the Quality of Service (QoS) and QoE of their received video while minimizing their individual cost incurred by their video transmission, which is modeled as a repeated game. Given the payoff model of the users, it is shown that adaptive video exchange between selfish autonomous nodes for a deterministic time will not be sustained. However, if video is exchanged over an unlimited or indeterminate period, the nodes have an incentive to cooperate and exchange video streams with QoE-driven rate adaptation based on the trust they build among themselves. Our simulation results show that a tradeoff exists between the QoS and the QoE of the perceived video. Furthermore, it is shown that the expected interaction length has a high impact on such tradeoff.


Water extracts of fresh and dried garbanzo beans were effective feeding stimulants for larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Both materials were as effective as a commercial cottonseed-base stimulant in enhancing larval mortality when mixed with virus and applied to cotton leaf disks. Virus-water extracts of garbanzo bean leaves and pods were no more effective in producing larval mortality than was virus mixed with water alone.


A fully compressible multispeed lattice Boltzmann model is introduced and numerically demonstrated to simulate compressible thermal flow. The equilibrium distribution functions are derived by a nonperturbative algebraic theory in coordinate symmetry product form to avoid complex polynomial expansion of the Maxwellian function and Gauss-Hermite quadrature. An important characteristic of the proposed model is that it can be easily extendied to a multidimentional model with factorization symmetry. For compressible flows, Sod shock tube, Couette flow, and high-Mach double-reflection compressible flow are carried out to validate the present model for compressible flow and heat transfer. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical solutions of fluid flows.


Large-aperture telescope with its high spatial resolution and high light gathering capability plays an important role in military, astronomy and other fields. The demand for large aperture imaging telescope is increasingly urgent, the aperture becomes larger and larger, and the splicing main mirror has become the development trend of large-aperture telescope which brings great challenges to the optical processing and testing. This paper proposes phase-diversity phase retrieval technology which can provide a strong basis for the online testing of the future larger diameter astronomical telescope optical system and solve the difficulties in the detection of optical systems in large-aperture telescopes. Therefore, this study has important practical significance and application value in the online testing of the large-aperture telescope optical system.


To the Editor:Recently, we provided anesthetic care for a 6-mo-old, 8-kg child during craniofacial reconstruction. Because of the 10 degrees head-up position used intraoperatively, a precordial Doppler probe was placed over the right atrium and checked for appropriate position by rapid infusion of i


The article reveals the linguosynergetic basis of the pedagogical workshop technology in teaching language and speech. This technology was tested within the educational project of the Don State Technical University (Children's University). The pedagogical workshop is interpreted as a technology for enhancing the speech, thought and language activity of students and also as a complex system with all synergistic properties. The stages of the pedagogical workshop are described using linguistic synergetic terms. The technological map of the workshop "Law Above All" is presented on the example of working with film text (the animated film "Prince Vladimir"). The following logic of work on the speech development is proposed: from a word to a phrase, a sentence and, more broadly, a text. The ways of activating the speech-thinking activity of students are formulated: the method of associations, drawing up reference schemes, the mechanism of predication. The conclusion is made that the systematic and holistic approaches to the methods of teaching language and speech are fully embodied in the pedagogical workshop.


This volume offers a selection of essays from The Tatler and The Spectator (1709-1714), together with documents that have been carefully chosen to put these periodical papers into the social and historical contexts of Joseph Addison's and Richard Steele's eighteenth century. Including excerpts from other periodicals such as The Guardian, The London Spy, and The Female Tatler, advertisements from The Tatler and The Spectator, and selections by Defoe, Ward, Flecknoe, Gay, Mandeville, Pope, and Swift, the documents focus special attention on the market of public opinion, commerce and finance, fashioning taste, and fashioning gender.


Because of the relationship of entrusting and agent,the governmental administrative sectors are in the inferior position of information to the regulated institutions.So this will work on the supervising effect for the governmental administrative sectors to the regulated institutions.This paper analyses the supervising effect from the view of information asymmetry,and takes the over-treatment which is caused by the disabled supervising behavior of medical administrative sectors as an example to analyzing it.It turns out that the over-treatment is the result of both profit-driving and disabled supervising of medical administrative sectors.At last,this paper gives some advice to improve the supervising effect of the governmental administrative sectors to the regulated institutions from the view of building symmetrical relationship of information.


We use Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey data for 170 deg2, recalibrated and transformed to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ugri photometric system, to study the distribution of near-turnoff main-sequence stars in the Galactic halo along four lines of sight to heliocentric distances of ∼35 kpc. We find that the halo stellar number density profile becomes steeper at Galactocentric distances greater than Rgal ∼ 28 kpc, with the power-law index changing from ninner = −2.62 ± 0.04 to nouter = −3.8 ± 0.1. In particular, we test a series of single power-law models and find them to be strongly disfavored by the data. The parameters for the best-fit Einasto profile are n = 2.2 ± 0.2 and Re = 22.2 ± 0.4 kpc. We measure the oblateness of the halo to be q ≡ c/a = 0.70 ± 0.01 and detect no evidence of it changing across the range of probed distances. The Sagittarius stream is detected in the l = 173° and b = −62° direction as an overdensity of [Fe/H] ∼ -1.5 dex stars at Rgal ∼ 32 kpc, providing a new constraint for the Sagittarius stream and dark matter halo models. We also detect the Monoceros stream as an overdensity of [Fe/H] > -1.5 dex stars in the l = 232° and b = 26° direction at Rgal ≲ 25 kpc. In the two sight lines where we do not detect significant substructure, the median metallicity is found to be independent of distance within systematic uncertainties ([Fe/H] ∼ -1.5 ± 0.1 dex).


We consider a model of quantum particles coupled to a massless quantum scalar field, called the massless Nelson model, in a non-Fock representation of the time-zero fields which satisfy the canonical commutation relations. We show that the model has a ground state for all values of the coupling constant even in the case where no infrared cutoff is made. The non-Fock representation used is inequivalent to the Fock one if no infrared cutoff is made.


Scandium (Sc) is a critical metal with wide applications in modern industrial applications. Consequently, the enrichment of Sc at earth surface has been of great interest in resource geology. It has been reported that laterite enriched with nickel (Ni laterite) contained significant amounts of Sc (about 80-100 ppm). The vertical profile of Ni laterite mainly consists of bed rock, saprolite, and limonite layers from bottom to the top. Generally speaking, Ni remobilized downward during weathering processes leads to the enrichment of Ni in the saprolite layer, while maximum Sc enrichment is found in the limonite layer mainly consisting of goethite. However, distribution and speciation of Sc in the limonite layer are not clear at present, which was examined by μ-XRF mapping and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy in this study. In addition, similar information such as abundances and speciation was obtained also for other rare earth elements including yttrium (REY) to compare geochemical behaviors between Sc and REY. Micro-XRF analysis revealed that Sc and Y are distributed to goethite in the limonite layer. Sequential extraction revealed that Sc remains in the residual phase which goethite is still present even after the treatments by reducing agents and aqua regia. XANES and EXAFS analyses for Sc in the limonite layer and its comparison with synthetic samples of Sc coprecipitated with goethite and Sc adsorbed on goethite revealed that Sc was incorporated within the goethite structure replacing Fe 3+ site. This result is reasonable considering the similar ionic radii (6 coordination number) of Sc 3+ (0.75 Å) and Fe 3+ (0.65 Å). On the contrary, EXAFS for the Y samples synthesized similarly to Sc showed that Y cannot be incorporated within the goethite structure, possibly due to its large size (ionic radius of Y 3+ : 0.90 Å) compared with Fe 3+ . The sequential extraction showed that most of Y was present as ion-exchangeable species or Y in amorphous Fe and Mn oxides, which are consistent with the fact that Y is mainly present as adsorbed species on goethite. These results clearly explain fractionation of REY and Sc in limonite layer, with steep increase from Yb 3+ to Sc 3+ when we plot Sc at right of Lu in REY pattern. The high concentration of Sc in Ni laterite is caused by (i) high concentration of Sc in the original rock (peridotite) and (ii) effective fixation of Sc 3+ within goethite by substitution of Fe 3+ site by Sc 3+ during intense weathering to form laterite.


A simple, accurate, rapid and precise isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Aspirin, Amlodipine and Atenolol in capsules. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Cosmosil packed C18-MS-II(4.6 I.D.x250mm; 5μ particle size) with a mixture of acetonitrile: ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.6 adjusted with 30%v/v acetic acid (80:20, v/v) as mobile phase; at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. UV detection was performed at 233 nm. The retention times were 4.415, 3.688 and 3.001 min. for Aspirin, Amlodipine and Atenolol, respectively. Calibration plots were linear (r2>0.998) over the concentration range 1–6 μg/ml for Amlodipine, 5–30 μg/ml for Aspirin and 2.5–15 μg/ml Atenolol. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and sensitivity. The proposed method was successfully used for quantitative analysis of capsules. No interference from any component of pharmaceutical dosage form was observed. Validation studies revealed that method is specific, rapid, reliable, and reproducible. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the method for routine determination of Aspirin, Amlodipine and Atenolol in bulk drug and capsule dosage form.


Abstract: Recent developments in the field of machine learning have changed the way it operates for ever, especially with the rise of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). There is no doubt that these biologically inspired computational models are capable of performing far better than previous forms of artificial intelligence in common machine learning tasks as compared to their previous versions. There are several different forms of artificial neural networks (ANNs), but one of the most impressive is the convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN's have been extensively used for solving difficult pattern recognition tasks using images. With their simple yet precise architecture, they offer a simplified approach to getting started with ANNs. The goal of this paper is to provide a brief introduction to CNN. It discusses the latest papers and newly formed techniques in order to develop these absolutely brilliant models of image recognition. This introduction assumes that you already have a basic understanding of ANNs and machine learning. Keywords: Pattern recognition, artificial neural networks, machine learning, image analysing.


Objective To establish a mouse model for human breast cancer spontaneous lung metastasis.Methods A human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-435s was inoculated orthotopicly into exposed thoracic second mammary fat pads of 20 anesthetized SCID mice,2×105 cells per mouse.Mice were sacrificed 17 weeks after inoculation,and lung metastases were evaluated under both macroscopic and microscopic observations.Results Of the 8 mice survived within the experimental period,4 (50%) had macroscopic lung metastases,1-3 macrometastases per mouse,1~2 mm in diameter.Under microscopy,all 8 mice showed lung metastases.Conclusion A mouse model for human breast cancer spontaneous lung metastasis can be established by orthotopic inoculation of MDA-MB-435s cells into SCID mice.


During the holy month of Ramadan the quality of food and eating patterns changed and drinking will be stopped for at least 10 to 16 hours on the basis lunar calendar. The effects of exercise and fasting solely or combined on metabolic and hematologic responses well established. The purpose of the present study was to study the effects of Ramadan fasting with or without weight-lifting training on vascular volumes and selected hematological indices in young male weight-lifters. Blood samples were taken at 24h before and 24h after the last day of holy Ramadan fasting period and weight-lifting training for determination of the selected red and white blood cells compositions. The Vascular volumes (Blood, Red cells, and plasma volumes) were determined and calculated by using both hemoglobin and hematocrit estimations before and after Ramadan fasting with or without weight-lifting training. The results indicate that red cell volume and MCHC were significantly decreased and increased in fasting group (P higher and significant platelet count was found in training group. The present data indicate that weight-lifting training during the holy Ramadan in compare to fasting had no impact on red and white cells composition exception on platelet count and Hematocrit. A decrease in Hematocrit might be due to the incomplete dehydration period which amplified by stop drinking and nutritional habits during the holy Ramadan.


We introduce a method for estimating regional connectivity in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) based on a fluid mechanics model. We customize the Navier-Stokes equations to include information from the diffusion tensor and simulate an artificial fluid flow. The velocity vector field of this fluid construct is then used as a connectivity metric. We generate probable connection paths by maximizing the fluid velocity along a path between two regions of interest while constraining its bending energy. Our method is based on a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) and incorporates local anisotropy and similarity measurements into a viscosity term, which extends previous linear first-order methods. We tested our algorithm on a digital DTI phantom. Our method was able to correctly segment the structure of the phantom with various levels of noise, despite local distortion of the image pattern. We applied our method to DTI volumes from a normal human subject. Seed points were chosen along the corticospinal tracts, white matter regions with well-known connectivity. Our method produced paths that were consistent with both known anatomy and directionally encoded color (DEC) images of the DTI volumes. Applying our method to a digital phantom that simulates discrete white matter lesions, we also demonstrate that the fluid velocity field around areas of simulated localized white matter disruption becomes dampened and turbulent compared to the heat flow field from a first order PDE method. This provides a means for identifying lesion position from the fluid velocity field


Latin American countries not only developed their own covid vaccine prototypes but also rolled them out. Martín De Ambrosio reports on a region taking its first steps towards vaccine security


Abstract The melting behaviours of poly(ethylene oxide)/polyacrylate (PEO/PAc) and PEO/PAc doped with LiClO4 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The equilibrium melting temperature and the crystallinity of PEO show no significant variation with the addition of PAc but are suppressed by the incorporation of LiClO4. The deformed structure of PEO spherulite resulting from disrupted crystallisation is observed in salt doped PEO and its blends. Conductivity as a function of salt concentration is studied using the power law. Lower ion mobility and correlation of ions for PAc corroborate with its lower conductivity as compared to PEO. Despite a reasonable amount of LiClO4 being solvated by PAc, the conductivity of the solid solutions of PEO/PAc blends is primarily governed by PEO.


Recent advances in technology propelled the development of resource constrained tiny devices and the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). Potential applications spanning various fields of science from environmental to medical have been emerged. Different architectures, routing protocols, performance issues and goals have been suggested. In this work, we review fundamental concepts, recent developments and critical design factors under IoT-specific constraints and objectives such as energy efficiency and environment protection.


Napoleonaea imperialis P. Beauv. (Family Lecythidaceae) is a medicinal plant predominantly found in South-Eastern Nigeria. Essential oil (1.92 g, 0.4%) was extracted from the rind of N. imperialis via hydro distillation using a Clevenger-apparatus. Thirteen compounds constituting 99.96% of the overall components were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Monoterpenoids (geranial, neral and citronellol) made up 53.46% of the total constituents. (Z,Z)-3-hexenyl-3-hexenoate (10.56%) and (Z)-9, 17-octadecadienal (7.75%) were also identified as major constituents of the essential oil. The methanol crude extract of the rind was partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol to yield n-hexane fraction (7.4%), dichloromethane fraction (23.7%) and methanol fraction (68.7%). GC-MS analysis of the dichloromethane fraction showed the presence of thirty-five compounds constituting 98.0% of the total constituents with oleic acid having the highest percentage (28.04%). n-Hexadecanoic acid was identified in both essential oil and dichloromethane fraction of the rind. Fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acids and glycosides were also present in the dichloromethane fraction of the rind. Phytochemical screening of compounds in the three fractions were carried out using thin layer chromatography with different spray reagents. Anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid spray reagent produced purple, violet and grey spots confirming the presence of terpenoid, saponins and steroids respectively in the fractions. Ferric chloride spray reagent showed green spot indicating the presence of tannins in n-hexane extract while sulphuric acid-methanol spray reagent revealed five spots in n-hexane fraction, four spots in dichloromethane fraction and three spots in methanol fraction.


Objective: The aim of this study is to STEAM arts education in the development of teaching materials. Background: STEAM is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics. Method: Music convergence education using algorithmic composition and probability. Fine arts convergence education use han-gul and typography. Results: This study Developed teachers guide book, power point, Afterschool homework, activities and theory of reference. Conclusion: This teaching material is suitable for STEAM convergence education. Application: The results of this study are available in school.


Fermilab experiment E-731 is designed to measure the 'direct' CP violation parameter t'/t of the 2~ decays of the neutral kaon system. More than 3.5 x lo5 K,2a0, lo6 KL T+Tand three times the corresponding Ks decays were collected during the 1987-88 Fixed Target Run period. A combined statistical and systematic error of 27 x on t'/t is expected from this data sample. Current status of the analysis could be found elsewhere.' The same data sample offers opportunities for rare kaon decay search and the following sections describe some of the more interesting ones. We report here a basic description of the E-731 detector, the physics and search status of some decay modes, and finally a summary of a new Fermilab proposal2 with the primary goal of a high sensitivity search of rare kaon decays during 1990-92.


This study deals with the PROBLEM of whether or not there exist significant differences regarding to the reading comprehension of a group of students working with the direct teaching didactic strategy and another group of students who do not work with such strategy of the School of Initial Education of the Faculty of Education at the University of San Cristobal de Huamanga.
The HYPOTHESIS stated is: There exist significant differences regarding to the reading comprehension level of a group of students working with the direct teaching strategy and another group not working with such strategy.
The study POPULATION involved 42 first Cycle students being the average age 18; 36 females who have never been taught with this strategy, having little reading habit, and with a low reading comprehension level.
A reading comprehension TEST was administered using a pretest_ postlest DESIGN and a control group designating randomly the 42 subjects population into two groups: one experimental and the other being control group.
Two POLLS were also applied. One applied to the whole population and another to 10 Faculty of Education professors who have been lecturing the most related courses to the teaching of reading comprehension such as Methods of Intellectual Work, Spanish and Literature for the last past years.
The RESULTS show that the initial punctuation marks on reading comprehension of the population under study were very low since most of the students (83.34%) got marks between 2 and 7. After the experimental treatment it was observed that there were statistically significant differences on the reading comprehension level of the group of students to whom the "direct teaching strategy" treatment was applied compared to the group not receiving such strategy since the significance level between these two groups was 0.009 which deserves to be stated that the Control Group After had a numerical average of 7.19 whilst the Experimental Group After had 9.10; i.e., the latter was 2 marks greater than the first one (1.91). It can be seen that the experimental group had a better reading comprehension performance.
CONCLUSION: Direct teaching strategy has significantly improved (both statistically and pedagogically - didactically) the first Cycle of the School of Initial Education students' reading comprehension of the Faculty of Education at the University of San Cristobal de Huamanga.


This paper presents the design of multiple-element printed inverted F-antenna (PIFA) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a system operating at Ka-Band frequency which operates at a high frequency. Frequency of 28GHz is used in this proposed design which is suitable for future millimetre-wave (mmWave) fifth generation (5G) and specifically designed for wireless communication applications. First antenna is designed with dimension of ground plane 15mm length and 5mm width. It consists of three element PIFA MIMO antenna with the study of specific position towards each other. Second antenna is designed with same dimensions as the first one but with an additional of parasitic elements. Both of the design show good minimum isolation more than 10dB, gain achieved more than 4dB and large range of bandwidth. The antennas were designed, optimized and the results are simulated by using CST 2016.


Robert Alter writes in his The Pleasure of Reading that 'all writers are forced to enter into a dialogue or debate with their predecessors, recycling bits and pieces of earlier texts, giving them a fresh application . . . [and] a radical new meaning' (114). He names 'Homer and Genesis' as 'the first texts . . . which themselves become questions for successive generations of answers' (115). In this paper, 'the first texts' are Paul's and Erasmus's, and perhaps unexpectedly, Apuleius's The Golden Ass. It has long been accepted that A Midsummer Night's Dream alludes to Paul's 1 Corinthians 2:9-10 in Bottom's soliloquy (4.1.207-10). However, there are references to not only 1 Cor., but also 2 Cor. 12:1-6 (at 4.1.201-07), as Chris Hassel Jr. points out (54). Interestingly, Erasmus's The Praise of Folie reworks the very same verses of 1 and 2 Corinthians, as A Midsummer Night's Dream does. Therefore, the play not only alludes to Paul directly but also indirectly through Erasmus. The phrase 'in the body' in the title here is in 2 Cor. 12:2 and 3, and is also repeatedly used in The Praise of Folie (120-28). Why does the play allude to Paul's two epistles? Alter writes that 'a cited text may be deliberately recast or distorted in order to produce a particular effect' (12). The state of Bottom's 'The eye of man hath not heard' seems to imitate and parody the 'ecstatic manifestations' (Käsemann 2), which were a state of a spiritual enthusiasm encouraged in the Gnostics within Paul's Corinthian church. For them, the religious and spiritual state of being 'out of the body' is the most desirable. Exaltation of the spirit is predicated on denial of the flesh. Bottom's passion appears to be religious and spiritual when he cites Paul's two epistles while recalling his experience. A Midsummer Night's Dream also draws on classical tradition. Pyramus 'Felicity' 'in the Body': Allusion to Paul, Erasmus, and Apuleius in A Midsummer Night's Dream


Objective: Preeclampsia (preE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. We reported the suppression of circulatory renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in a rat model of preE. Urinary angiotensinogen has been considered as an indicator of intrarenal angiotensin status in hypertension. Little is known about the urinary angiotensinogen in preE. This study evaluates the level of urinary excretion of angiotensinogen in preE to assess the RAS status. Methods: Normal pregnant (n=57) and preE (n=32) patients were recruited from Scott & White Hospital and had their blood drawn between 21 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. Criteria for diagnosis of preE included blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg and proteinuria >300 mg of protein/24h. Two groups of rats were used: normal pregnant (n=10) and preE rats (n=10) which were given weekly injections of desoxycorticosterone acetate and 0.9% saline to drink. Urinary angiotensinogen levels and the plasma AngII levels were assayed by ELISA. The kidney expression of (pro)renin receptor, AT 1 receptor, AT 2 receptor, and renin for the two groups of rats was measured by western blot. Results are expressed as means with SD and comparisons made using Student's t test with p Results: In preE patients, the mean urinary excretion of angiotensinogen (2.0 ± 1.1 ng/mg creatinine) differed (p 1 receptor was upregulated (p=0.01) in preE rats compared to NP. However, the kidney expression of AT 2 receptor (1.0 vs 1.1) and renin (1.0 vs 1.4) were similar in NP and PDS rats (p=0.63 and p=0.12, respectively). Conclusions: We demonstrated that urinary excretion of angiotensinogen is reduced in both patients with preE and in a rat model of preE. The kidney expression of RAS components was either downregulated or remained unchanged in preE rats. This finding indicates that preE is an Ang-II independent form of systemic hypertension.


To investigate the effects of a selective type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor, IC486051, on bladder activity in normal rats and those with and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), as inhibition of PDE4 leads to elevation of intracellular cAMP levels and relaxation of smooth muscle.


A system, comprising: a control unit and circuits. Said circuit comprising: a clock input connected to the control unit receives a clock from the signal; a first output connected to a clock for providing a clock signal to said first memory means; and a second clock output is connected to a second the storage unit provides the clock signal; a control connected to the control unit receives from the control signal. Said circuit further comprises: a multiplexer circuit connected to the clock input connected to a first clock and the second connection and the control connection. The multiplexer circuit is configured to provide the clock signal or the second storage unit to the first storage unit by a control signal from the control unit to react. In other words, the clock signals are multiplexed, so that only one memory cell receives a clock signal. This has the effect that, in a system having two or more storage units, each providing access to a single memory cell.


Scholars have persuasively presented that Isaiah 1-2 and 65-66 share close linguistic and thematic connections. Brevard Childs, in his Isaiah commentary, continuing Claus Westermann`s observations, argues that the initial sections of the so-called Third Isaiah also share close linguistic affinity with Isaiah 1-2. This study will examine this claim further with close attention to the intertextual connections between Isaiah 1-2 and 54-57. The study will enlist and investigate the cases of intertextual correlations and, sub sequently, assess what kind of inner-biblical exegetical work is evident in these two interrelated units as well as within 54-57. Then we will assess how this analysis may shed further lights on the compositional complexity of Isaiah 40-66 as well as literary, social, and theological implications concerning the book of Isaiah as a whole.


A novel application lets users create panoramic images in real time on a mobile phone and annotate the physical environment using an augmented-reality interface. Annotations can be accurately mapped to the correct objects, despite varying user positions.


An adaptive feed-forward power supply noise cancellation technique for low-dropout regulator (LDR) which requires no switches is proposed in this paper. By utilizing replica, transconductances (gm, gds) of the large pass transistor are linearly reproduced to construct a load-current-depedent ratioed feed-forward path from supply to gate of pass transistor. The power supply rejection (PSR) capability is enhanced by adaptively feeding compensation charging current to gate parasitic capacitor of the pass transistor, which is effective in a wide load range. The idea of the PSR enhancement technique is implemented in an output capacitor-less LDR in a standard 65-nm CMOS process. The total on-chip capacitance for compensation and low-pass filtering is 40pF. The output is 1.0V and delivers a maximum current of 50mA at 200mV drop-out. Simulations verify that the PSR is further enhanced in mid-frequency range (~100kHz-10MHz) compared with conventional techniques, without feed-forward ratio selection via switches, and it generates ignorable effects on stability and 200-ns full load transient response.


unheard stories of sojourning White teachers in China, some of which might reflect poorly on ELT professionals, even including herself. Despite the book's strengths, there are several concerns. The study includes only a small number of site visits for ethnographic work, and the voices of local students, teachers, and/or administrative-level staff are limited. It also does not include Black teachers, who might have different experiences in Chinese society, as participants. Another concern is an overemphasis on the negative portrayals of the teachers as constructed through Chinese discourses without considering their potentially positive influences on Chinese students, colleagues, and the institution, which might cause a generalisation or stigmatisation of Western teachers in China and other similar contexts. As a Korean ELT professional, I have witnessed what Stanley reported in Korean college settings, but I also believe that having a local lens is imperative to have a balanced understanding. I suggest that readers learn from Chinese scholars' different perspectives toward ELT and L1 English teachers in China (e.g. Huang, 2018). It would also be encouraging to see further studies that examine race and racial injustice in China and elsewhere (see Vessup, 2017). Although this book was published in 2013, it discusses the enduring problems generated by desire for Whiteness and Western cultures through its robust presentations and discussions of the complex realities of White foreign teachers and their experiences teaching English in China.


We performed comparative optical spectroscopic studies of the excitonic spectrum in self-organized InAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As and InAs/GaAs quantum dots. The exciton excited states were revealed by either measuring photoluminescence spectra using different excitation pump powers or by carrying out selective resonant excitation of the quantum dot photoluminescence through the excited states. As a result, we evaluated average energies of the excitonic transitions and elucidated dominant mechanisms of exciton relaxation from the excited states to the ground one for both types of quantum dots.


produce respiratory depression in light stages of anesthesia, which could require controlled respiration. This should offer no particular problem to the well-equipped and capable dentist anesthesiologist. Also, it is probably advisable not to use halothane in combination with epinephrine. An intravenous agent which has made deep inroads into ambulatory anesthetic practice is methohexital, which has rapid onset and recovery features. In general, it acts very much like thiopental, which has been an old stand-by in dental offices for about fifteeen years. The newest agent, about which there is much inquiry today, is methoxyflurane. This gaseous agent is probably the most potent anesthetic available. Early evidence suggests that it may not meet the standards that have been set by halothane as an ambulatory anesthetic agent. It produces a slightly slower induction than halothane, causes slightly greater irritability, and has a longer recovery time; but it can probably be used with greater safety with epinephrine than halothane and has somewhat greater ability to produce jaw relaxation. Editor's Note: This column will be continued occasionally by Drs. Monheim and Douglas. If there is a particular subject you would like discussed or question answered, please send it to the office of the Editor of the Journal of the A.D. S.A., 513 North Linn Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52240.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study is investigated on endogenous variables inclusive of green growth by developing the concept of inclusive green growth in Indonesia. The objective of the current study was to describe the conditions of inclusive green development in each province in Indonesia, which is due to the unavailability of data describing the conditions of inclusive green development. METHODS: This study used time series data from 2011-2019, and cross section data of 34 provinces, which were analyzed using panel data regression research methods. The novelty of this study is the use of environmental quality variables to replace environmental degradation in calculating the composite variable of inclusive green growth. The determinants of inclusive green growth used in this study were inclusive human development, regional independence, infrastructure, crime, industrialization and natural disasters. FINDINGS: The important study findings were inclusive human development, regional financial performance, infrastructure and natural disasters have a significant positive effect on inclusive green growth in Indonesia. On the other hand, industrialization had a significant negative effect on inclusive green growth in Indonesia, while crime did not have a significant effect on inclusive green growth in Indonesia. Simultaneously, inclusive human development, regional independence, infrastructure, crime, industrialization and natural disasters had a significant impact on inclusive green growth in Indonesia. CONCLUSION: The second hypothesis in this study proved to be accepted. Meanwhile, the first hypothesis is not entirely accepted. Therefore, it is highly recommended for the provincial government in Indonesia to intervene on the variables of inclusive human development, regional financial performance, infrastructure, industrialization and natural disasters to increase inclusive green growth. Meanwhile, for future researchers, it is recommended to find other variables that contribute in achieving inclusive green growth.


The major objective of the study is to find out the environmental awareness among the secondary school students and their attitude towards the environment. No research has been made till now to compare secondary school students of two states viz., Tamilnadu and Kerala that share common traditions, customs and belief. The coefficient of correlation obtained (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) is significant at 0.01 level of significance. Hence, it can be concluded that there exists significant positive relationship between Environmental Awareness and Attitude towards Environment among Secondary School Students. The value of shared variance (SV=27.04) indicates that 27.04 percent of Attitude towards Environment among Secondary School Students is determined by their Environmental Awareness. Boys and Girls at Secondary School level possess comparatively same Environmental Awareness and the level of awareness is least or not affected by the type of management (Government and Private Schools) at all. This study reveals that higher the level of awareness of secondary school students, higher the level of their attitude towards environment and the girl students possess significantly higher Attitude towards Environment than boys. Also, it can be concluded that the Private School Students possess significantly higher Attitude towards Environment than Government School Students. Further, Kerala State reflects comparatively little higher gender parity compared to that in Tamilnadu with female respondents constituting 40.3% (with respect to 59.7% boys) of the population compared to 46.4% (with respect to 53.6% boys) in Tamilnadu.


Between 1690 and the end of the American Revolution, colonial newspaper printers developed a fairly standardized writing style in trying to provide readers useful, informative, and entertaining news in as little space as possible. A long history of newsletters, government publications, English newspapers, apprenticeships, and news clipping as well as shortages of supplies and a fear of censorship, helped shape this style. Printers recognized that readers wanted to know at minimum the basic information—who, what, when, where, why, and how—of a news story, and when space permitted, a few longer pieces, usually written in chronological order, included more details, background information, and dramatic introductory sentences. Overall, however, writers based their newswriting on fundamental storytelling.


Projector-based augmented reality techniques are expected to become a practical display solution for hand-held devices in the near future. A new problem in the new environment is that neither a projector nor a projection surface is fixed in space . This means that calibration between the two coordinate systems of a projector and a camera will have to be no more a one-time setup procedure but a dynamic process. The best solution will be to remove the need for calibration from the beginning by having a projector and a camera share the same lens system. The iProCam is a projector-camera system that realized this idea using a beam splitter and a time-multiplexing scheme. Sharing the same lens system also makes it possible to keep a projector in focus by keeping a camera in focus. This paper presents the implementation details of an iProCam prototype and the results of experiments conducted to verify the concept.


ABSTRACTThe objectives of this work are to demonstrate methods for the collection and incorporation of contact-specific surface area measurements in dermal exposure assessments and illustrate the potential difference in resulting dermal and non-dietary ingestion estimates using this type of surface area data. Continuing the work of Stanford's Exposure Research Group, categorical surface area data contained in children's sequential microlevel activity patterns were converted into quantitative coordinates, which in turn provided a foundation to map data on the skin surface. Programs were constructed to establish an accounting system of spatial coordinates, governed by categorical surface area data, to map exposure estimates or activity statistics on the skin. An illustrative example is provided that estimates the spatial variability of chlorpyrifos on the palm of a hand using contact-specific surface area data. Results show a maximum value of 14.6 ng on the fingertips and no chemical exposure along the edge...


We presented a model of large elastocreep deformations. Separation of Almansi strain tensor is determined by the quadratic form of reversible and irreversible components. We consider spherically symmetric deformation of a hollow sphere in the steady creep process. Numerical solution of boundary-value problem was obtained. A method for determining loading force on the deformed state was proposed. Functions of the external loading force according to the laws of a given change in the displacement field were constructed.


LCs presented viral antigen (9). Similar findings were seen when HSV was inoculated to mouse flank skin (10). This apparent contradiction to the model of antigen presentation underscores the need for further investigation of this complex process. Finally, keratinocytes, although commonly thought to be solely brick-like components of a static barrier, actually make up a dynamic tissue providing physical and chemical resistances against infection. Phagocytosis by keratinocytes had originally been shown by experiments in which keratinocytes engulfed latex beads (11). This process was later shown to be regulated by serine protease activity (12), but whether this ability imparts antimicrobial protection remains to be seen. Varied external stimuli such as radiation and microbes induce keratinocyte cytokine production. UV radiation has been shown to stimulate keratinocyte expression of interleukins and tissue necrosis factor a capable of crossing the basement membrane where they can elicit an inflammatory response (13,14). Exposure to staphylococci (15) and HSV (16) has also been associated with the induction of cytokines from keratinocytes. While cytokine expression and release demonstrate an indirect influence of keratinocytes on skin immunity, keratinocyte production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) reflects a more direct role against microbial pathogenesis. Keratinocyte expression of AMP is induced by sterile insult and bacterial infection (17). Knockout mice lacking the murine cathelicidin, mouse cathelin-related antimicrobial peptides (mCRAMP), in their skin display a significantly greater susceptibility to bacterial skin infection compared with controls (18). Furthermore, the recent design of a transgenic mouse with K14-driven expression of a porcine AMP has furthered our understanding of the role of AMP in keratinocytes (19). Additional expression of a xenobiotic cathelicidin in keratinocytes conveyed an enhanced protection against skin infection compared with mice with only their native cathelicidin expression. This model mimics other mammalian species that have evolved to express multiple cathelicidin genes likely conferring greater protection against microbial invasion. The capacity of keratinocyte to phagocytize, release cytokines and directly confer antimicrobial protection via AMP production complements the fortified physical barrier of the epidermis. These recent discoveries in the study of skin immunity have markedly furthered our understanding of this enigmatic system. The study of cd T lymphocytes has revealed their role in monitoring for danger signals, rather than being purely effector cells. Also surprising is the finding that LCs are not necessary for initiating CHS or viral antigen presentation and may actually suppress the immune response in certain settings. Recent characterization of the keratinocyte and its arsenal of AMP support our opinion that it is the predominate cellular group in skin immunity. From the point of view of the microbe, the combination of the physical barrier and chemical weapons intrinsic to the epidermis makes it the most formidable obstacle to a successful infection.


The capacitive charge transient measurement technique generates laterally resolved two-dimensional resistivity topograms of wafers with diameters up to 150 mm. The method is applicable to semi-insulating substrates with resistivities between 10/sup 6/ and 10/sup 9//spl Omega/cm. The range and characteristic lateral patterns of homogeneity variations in substrates of different vendors will be addressed, including LEC GaAs, VB GaAs and LEC InP. The effect of annealing treatments and interrelations between electrical and optical topograms will also be discussed.


Abstract In Brazil, pastures of Brachiaria grasses are often attacked by the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Biological control of this pest insect is rarely used, in part because of a lack of diversity in commercialized pathogens effective against such pests. However, fungal infection of M. spectabilis has been noted in some tropical silvopastoral systems, which rarely have problems with pest insects. This study surveyed the fungi found in association with M. spectabilis in a silvopastoral system in Brazil and made a preliminary assessment of their virulence. Infected spittlebugs were collected in a silvopastoral system in Brazil, from which 5 types of fungi were isolated and identified by morphological analysis. Conidia of each wild fungus and a commercial strain of Metarhizum anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (Clavicipitaceae) were diluted in a 1% NaCl solution at a concentration of 1×104 conidia per mL. In the laboratory, eggs and nymphs of M. spectabilis were placed in acrylic boxes within a climate-controlled chamber at 25 °C. In a non-acclimatized greenhouse, eggs and nymphs were placed on potted Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Poaceae). Solutions of the 6 fungi and a control (pure saline) were applied to M. spectabilis in both conditions (acrylic box in laboratory and potted Brachiaria in a greenhouse). The most virulent fungi (UFMG 11443 and 11444) caused more than 90% of unviable eggs and mortality of nymphs. Other fungi tested (UFMG 11440, 11441, and 11442) were equally or more effective than the commercial M. anisopliae, causing over 50% unviable eggs or nymph mortality. All isolated fungi showed potential for use as biological control agents against M. spectabilis.


This paper presents some modifications and novel applications of Kane's energy checking function which was originally proposed to test the accuracy of numerical integration of dynamical equations. First, we modify Kane's checking function to extend its use to equations of motion in which constraint forces appear explictly. Secondly, we simplify the computations required to form the checking function by removing terms that were added and subsequently subtracted in the original checking function. Next, use of the checking function in moderating a variable step integrator is considered for the numerical solution of the differential equations of motion. Finally, we present a procedure for forming a checking function for linearized dynamical equations. Application of each of these ideas is shown, including examples from the dynamics of large overall motion of flexible structures.


This article presents the first foldable thick-origami based antenna array made of a single nonflexible (rigid) printed circuit board (PCB), which can be easily fabricated using a standard milling machine. The foldability of the design is achieved using a surrogate hinge architecture that allows the array to fold in a range of almost 360°, without showing any mechanical or electromagnetic (EM) failure even after 5000 folding cycles of complete angular deflection (±180°). The proposed physically reconfigurable antenna array consists of four patches that are differentially fed and a surrogate hinge at its center. As the array changes from its planar to its non-planar state, it shows improved beam steering capabilities for scan angles greater than 35°. The array is designed on a 1.5 mm thick, low-cost FR4 substrate with overall dimensions of $250\times102$ mm and an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz.


In the present work, a laccase biosensor was investigated for determination of the oleuropein concentration that is the biological active component of olive leaf and contributes dominantly to the total antioxidant capacity. The biosensor was prepared by immobilization of laccase from Trametesversicolor by addition of cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde, into the carbon paste electrode. The best biosensor performance was determined for biosensor having glutaraldehyde amount of 12.03 % and 5 mg/ml of laccase enzyme. The scan rate of 10 mV/s was decided to be the optimum for the amperometric detection of oleuropein based on the fastest response and maximum reduction current. Biosensor performance was also investigated for olive leave extract fractions varying in their oleuropein amounts. Therefore, biosensor performance was investigated for fractions containing different types of phenolic compounds. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), total phenol content and antioxidant capacity analyses of the fractions were also carried out for comparison with biosensor results.


Background: Reconstruction of complex three-dimensional defects following composite mandibular resections is a challenge. Dual skin paddle fibula flap, double free flap, chimeric scapula flap, iliac flaps have been described for reconstruction of these defects. The combination of supramalleolar flap along with fibula flap in a chimeric fashion was less explored and its feasibility to use when harvested from an ipsilateral leg was never studied. We aimed to assess this feasibility. Material & methods: Chimeric free fibula lateral supramalleolar flap (CFSMF) harvest was attempted in 15 patients by the first three authors. The study was conducted between November 2020 and May 2021 (6 months). The study feasibility was analyzed based on defined criteria. Result: The flap could be harvested successfully in 12 patients. The mean age of the study population was 47.5 years (range: 25-59 years). There were 12 male and 3 female patients. The mean distance of the skin perforator from the lateral malleolus was 6.2 cm (range 48 cm). All the chimeric flap components survived except two lateral supramalleolar artery perforator flaps (SMF). There were no other complications. None of the patients had donor site complications. All flaps could be successfully used for the intended purpose. Conclusion: Utilization of CFSMF in day-to-day practice is feasible with certain modifications. It a good choice for the reconstruction of selected composite mandibular defects. The flap combination has several innovative applications as described, a study with a larger sample size would show wider perspectives on this chimeric flap.


This study identified the effects of storytelling art activities on children's creativity and its subfactors. The research questions were posed: Do storytelling art activities effect on children's creativity? A sample of 40 children aged 5 years in a daycare center located in Gangwon Province. An experimental group and a control group were respectively made up of 20 children. The experimental group engaged in storytelling art activities for 12 sessions from August 24 to October 5, 2015, and the control group engaged in routine expression-centered art activities during the same period. The results of the study are as follow. first, the storytelling art activities had a positive impact on the improvement of creativity. There was significant difference between the experimental and control group in creativity scores after the storytelling art activities were conducted. Second, the storytelling art activities had a positive influence on the improvement of the creativity subfactors that were sensitivity, originality, fluency, and flexibility. There was significant difference between the experimental and control groups in sensitivity, originality, fluency, and flexibility. Finally, the storytelling art activities proved to have positive effects on the improvement of children``s creativity; sensitivity,originality, fluency, and flexibility. Therefore storytelling art activities are expected to be widely conducted in early childhood education to boost the creativity.


Two sets of decadal prediction experiments were performed with Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 1.1 (BCC-CSM1.1) with different initialization strategies. One experiment is relaxing modeled ocean temperature to the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis data (SODAInit). In the other (EnOI_ HadInit) experiment, the modeled ocean temperature were relaxed toward the assimilated ocean data, which were generated by assimilating sea surface temperature (SST) of the Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) data to the ocean model of BCC-CSM1.1 using Ensemble Optimum Interpolation (EnOI) method. Comparisons between EnOI_HadInit and SODAInit hindcasts show that EnOI_HadInit is more skillful in predicting SST over the North Pacific, the southern Indian Ocean, and the North Atlantic. Improved prediction skill is also found for surface air temperature (SAT) over South Europe, North Africa, and Greenland, which is associated with the skillful prediction of the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation in EnOI_HadInit. EnOI_HadInit and SODAInit are both skillful in predicting East Asian SAT, which is related to their skillful predictions of the tropical western Pacific SST. The result indicates that assimilated data generated by the ocean model of BCC-CSM1.1 Corresponding author: Qingquan Li, Beijing Climate Center, Zhongguancun Nandajie No.46, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com J-stage Advance Published Date: 1 April 2019 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Vol. 97, No. 3 734


Purpose of the study is to empirically examine the hypothesis; either public spending stimulates economic growth in the context of emerging economy like Pakistan.  Government expenditures studied in this paper includes capital expenditure, education expenditure and interest payments. All these explanatory variables were regressed on economic growth; the proxy used for economic growth is GDP growth. Thirty years data is used in this study from 1980 to 2010; it was passed through unit root tests to check stationary of the data which was found stationary at level. The results found consistent with some previous studied, there were found negative link between the spending on the education sector and economic growth. In the current study no significant link is found between development expenditure and economic growth. However the findings of the study reveals that interest rate negatively affect economic growth. Keywords: Keynesian Hypothesis, Capital expenditure, interest payments, economic growth


The free and comprehensive development is the highest value of the socialist goal.But it is since the reform and opening up that the free and comprehensive development of the masses really starts.On the one hand,the socialist market economy plays an important role in promoting the free and comprehensive development;on the other hand,the latter is the driving force for the free and comprehensive development.The socialist market economy is an important stage that the people come to the really free and comprehensive development.


In this paper,characteristics of the data structure course,according to the characteristics of the students and the current problems in teaching,analyzing the deficiencies of traditional teaching model is given how to implement the process of teaching methods to improve the teaching effect.


This paper aims to understand how the first phase of exit from the pandemic has changed the temporality of everyday life and produced an affective atmosphere characterized by a positive attitude towards the future. I will start by analyzing the link between utopia and everyday life: on the one hand, as a privileged area of prefigurative practices in the different versions of utopian realism, and on the other, as trapped in the present in the theories of presentification. I will then examine some emblematic cases of a 'need for the future' that emerged in the first exit from the pandemic in the spring-summer 2021. Finally, starting from the affective and temporally complex nature of the present as conceptualized by Berlant (Berlant, 2011; Berlant, 2008) and Coleman (Coleman, 2020b; Coleman, 2020a), I will try to account for the push toward the future that the partial exit from the pandemic has perhaps brought out.


In male patients with low rectal cancer undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR), successful dissection of the anterior anorectum is key to reducing the risk of circumferential resection margin involvement, intraoperative bowel perforation, and local recurrence, but it is challenging. To overcome difficulties dissecting the anterior anorectum, we present a safe and feasible procedure using a transperineal endoscopic approach during APR (TpAPR).


Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) are uniaxial materials that have hyperbolic dispersion curves. There are two types of hyperbolic metamaterials, type I that is described by a permittivity tensor with ε|| > 0 and ε┴ > 0, and type II that has ε|| > 0 and ε± < 0. Planar waveguides with hyperbolic materials have been mostly studied with propagation direction along the principal axis of the dielectric tensor only. Such studies showed that modes feature anomalous ordering in such a way that cut-off appears for lower order modes as light frequency increases. Interestingly, stopped light featuring null group velocity at specific wavelengths has been predicted for modes near cut-off in type II HMMs planar waveguides with optical axis (OA) oriented along the propagation direction [1]. Here, we theoretically study light propagation in type II HMMs planar waveguides for any orientation ϕ of the OA contained in a plane parallel to the waveguides interfaces. The results shows that a change in the wavelength only changes the OA direction ϕ at which stopped light exist. The process is a consequence of the lack of mode cut-off and it is caused by a mode spectroscopy transition from hyperbolic modes with anomalous order propagating along the OA (ϕ = 0°), to modes with normal order, propagating orthogonally to the OA (ϕ = 90°).


The storage abstractions proposed by TEP 103 are implemented on a platform-dependent basis. A version of BlockStorage, ConfigStorage, and LogStorage were created from the ground up for both the AT45DB and ST M25P80 flash chips. Looking forward into the further growth and development of hardware, rebuilding each of these storage layers for every new flash chip will be time consuming and cause compatibility issues. We propose a layer of abstraction to reside between a chip-dependent flash chip implementation and platform-independent storage implementations. This abstraction layer should provide methods to perform basic flash operations (read, write, erase, flush, crc), as well as provide information about the physical properties of the flash chip. Efficiency concerns are mitigated by the fact that each platformindependent abstraction is implemented in a platform-dependent manner, allowing it to exist on different types of memory such as NAND flash, NOR flash, and EEPROM. This abstraction layer should allow one implementation of each storage solution to operate across many different platforms.


Many animal species do not respond markedly to the somatic antigens of Brucella or Salmonella until several weeks of age (1). Smith (2) found that only 1 of 58 human infants receiving typhoid vaccine at 1 to 30 days of age produced agglutinins against somatic antigen, although 46 of the 58 responded to the less complex flagella antigen. Passive transfer of antibody has been shown to inhibit immunization (3, 4), and maternal antibody may negate immune response in the neonate. Other evidence suggests that late maturation of immunocompetence is responsible for the non-reactivity toward the somatic antigens of Gram-negative bacteria. Silverstein and coworkers (5) have found that although the fetal lamb responded fully to several types of antigen at various times during fetal life, it did not produce antibody to Salmonella typhosa at any time in utero or by 6 weeks of age.


Abstract Wound healing is a complex process affected by several factors. In the present work, novel biocompatible PLGA–curcumin microparticle-embedded chitosan scaffold was fabricated for wound-healing application. Process variables involved in the preparation of microparticles were optimized using design of experiment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the porous nature of scaffold with embedded microparticles. A maximum release of 14% of the encapsulated curcumin was observed at 12th hour. Modified tube dilution method showed that scaffold significantly (p < 0.05) reduced multiplication of Staphylococcus aureus. More than 50% of the excised wound in rats healed in 4 days with an epithilization period of 18 days.


There is robust observational evidence that the troposphere is warming and the stratosphere is cooling in response to the radiative forcing of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Temperature changes directly influence the vertical structure of the atmopshere. Numerous studies have analysed the thermal expansion of the troposphere, in particular the tropopause rise and its interaction with the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC). Stratospheric cooling, however, reduces the upward shift of pressure levels with increasing altitude so that it reverses sign at some height, leading to a downward shift of the middle to upper stratosphere. This "stratospheric shrinkage“ effect is a strong and robust feature of climate change and it is well documented through observations. Still, literature on this effect is relatively sparse and its impact on stratospheric dynamics is generally neglected.

In this study, we report and quantify the uncertainty in residual upward velocity (w*) trends that arises from the implicit neglection of stratospheric shrinkage in the data model request for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative part 1 (CCMI-1). Tropical w* is often taken as a proxy for diagnosing the BDC strength. In the data request, a constant scale height is assumed for conversion of w* from Pa/s to m/s . However, the scale height significantly decreases over time in the climate simulations as a result of stratospheric shrinkage.

We show that stratospheric cooling enhances the w* trends if the unit conversion is made with constant scale height, which can be misinterpreted as BDC acceleration. We quantify this effect to account for around 20% of the w* trend across the 21st century, consistently among the CCMI-1 climate projection simulations. Past studies that based w* trend analyses on these data therefore made a 20% error. Moreover, we call attention that other dynamical diagnostics are affected by the neglection of stratospheric shrinkage too and also the data requests of other multi-model assessments use the constant scale height assumtion for unit conversion in climate change simulations.


. The contribution of this paper is to produce national smoothed growth indicators that describe the behaviour of economic activity at a monthly frequency, while utilizing a wide range of economic time series. New Eurocoin indicator, that is published monthly by the Bank of Italy, provides a summary index of the medium to long-run component (MLRG) of the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate and only for the entire aggregate Euro area, by using the Generalized Dynamic Factor Model. The innovation of this research are some procedures, based on Eurocoin approach, to estimate MLRG in countries belonging to Euro Area. `a la zone Euro. through New Eurocoin, they develop a method to obtain smoothing of a stationary time series so as to avoid the occurrence of end-of-sample deterioration and short-run fluctuations. In the dynamic factor model approach, a vector of " n " time series is decomposed into two mutually orthogonal components: a common component characterized by few common factors or latent shocks, and a component "idiosyncratic", led by n specific shocks (one for each variable in the panel). These models allow a net reduction of the cross-sectional size of the dataset. We develop monthly smoothed growth indicators for the main Euro Area economies that can utilize a wide range of economic information in real time. We build these national indicators, by the projection of national or Euro Area GDP on European and national factors. Therefore, we build two types of "common factors"(Altissimo


The second half of the 20th century witnessed many changes in the U.S. health care system. Importantly, an employer-sponsored health insurance system emerged that was supplemented in 1965 by national programs (Medicare and Medicaid) to guarantee coverage to elderly, disabled, and lowincome populations, sparking an explosion of health care costs. Although federal cost containment efforts began as early as the Nixon administration and continued in various forms through the Clinton administration, these Washington-based solutions have failed to produce sustained reductions in the growth of health care spending. This failure opened the door for many health care consumers to rely on marketbased solutions for cost containment, which ultimately highlighted the need for additional attention


Mobile robots traveling on rough terrain need several algorithms to overcome obstacles. In this paper, we propose the step-type obstacle traversal algorithm to adapt the mobile robot with six arms and wheels to travel on rough terrain. Obstacle traversal is composed of two different stages: planning and control. In planning stage, the required joint torque of each arm as well as the interference between the wheels and the arms are analyzed to guarantee traversing obstacles. Control stage includes such steps as checking distance to obstacle, determining the height and length of obstacle, performing arm motion according to sensed torque data, and evaluating safety at every instance. The proposed algorithm is designed and implemented for CALEB 1 six legged robot developed in the laboratory and verified by simulation and experiment in outdoor environment.


In recent years,the process of urbanization continues to accelerate,driven by the construction industry gained rapid development,a substantial increase in all types of construction.Frame shear wall construction project is more commonly used in the form of a structure,in order to ensure the overall quality of construction works,we must understand and master the techniques of construction frame shear walls.Based on this point,Taking a construction project as an example of the construction technique of frame shear wall structure are discussed.


antimycotic potential of Datura metel (syn. Datura alba Nees.) was investigated in vitro against Ascochyta rabiei, the cause of chickpea blight disease. The pathogen was exposed to various n-hexane concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4% w/v) of shoot and root extracts of D. metel using poisoning food technique. All the employed concentrations of both root and shoot extracts significantly suppressed the growth of the target fungal pathogen. There was 28-34% and 23-41% reduction in colony diameter of A. rabiei due to different concentrations of n-hexane shoot and root extracts of D. metel.


Detailed measurements of reflectivity of gold, which is used for X-ray mirror for X-ray telescope onboard "Suzaku" satellite was performed in the synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8 BL15XU. We measured reflectivity of the mirror, which uses total reflection of gold thin layer. Grazing incidence angle is 0.5 degree and incident X-ray monochromatized in the energy range from 2.2 keV to 3.5 keV, where M-edge structure of gold appears. We used double crystal monochrometer using Si(111) crystal, (ΔE/E ~ 10-4) to monochromatize the incident X-ray. Energy calibration was performed using L-edge of molybdenum (2530.2 eV) and K-edge of argon (3205.9 eV). From the results, that the energy of M-V and M-IV edge of gold is different from optical constant table, and almost same as the value reported by Graessle et al.(1992).1 It is important to study the optical constants of gold or other mirror material for X-ray astronomy. This results will be feed back to the response function of the X-ray telescope of Suzaku satellite. It is very important for X-ray spectroscopy in X-ray astronomy.


Objective To observe the effects of amniotic membrane transplantation on the expression of TGF β 1mRNA in corneal matrix after rabbits' corneas were severely burned by alkali.Methods 18 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups at random,each having 6 rabbits.The models of severe corneal alkali burns were set up in all rabbits,then left eyes were transplanted with amniotic membrane(AM group) and right eyes were served as control (control group).They were observed for 1 month,2 months or 3 months.Results At the first month,it was found the expression of TGF β 1mRNA in corneal matrix of AM group was lower than that of control group.But at the second and third month,the expression of TGF β 1mRNA in corneal matrix in two groups were alike.Conclusion In early period,for severe corneal alkali burns,the transplantation of amniotic membrane is an effective method for reducing the expression of TGF β 1mRNA in corneal matrix and maybe it can reduce stromal infiltration.


Mutations in Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) have been reported to protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents. However, their prognostic significance in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of Keap1 gene mutations on survival and disease‐free interval using resected primary NSCLC tissue.