31 AUGUST 1913 * 6 AUGUST 2012WITH THE PASSING OF Bernard Fovell, the world has lost one of the great astronomy pioneers of the last century. He was born on 31 August 1913 in the village of Oldland Common, Glouces- tershire, where his family life largely involved church and playing for the village cricket team. This upbringing greatly influenced him, as he re- mained an ardent churchgoer, playing the organ for the church in the village of Swettenham, and was captain of his local cricket team. He had an interest in radio, building increasingly sophisticated wireless sets as components be- came available and even an illegal two-way radio system so that his father could communicate with his brother!At first, his school work was not outstanding, but he became inspired when, aged fifteen, he went on a school trip to Bristol University to attend a lecture by Professor A. M. Tyndall on the electric spark. His grades improved rapidly, particularly in mathematics and science, and he gained good results in the Higher School Certificate, which gained him a scholarship to study physics at Bristol. Here he gained a first-class honours degree in 1934 and went on to take a Ph.D. studying the properties of thin magnetic films. He submitted his thesis in 1936 and then became an assistant lecturer at the University of Manchester, initially continuing his work on thin films.But when Professor P.S.M. Blackett came to Manchester in 1937 he was able to switch his research to cosmic rays, designing the magnet for a cloud chamber, and published work on the newly discovered mesons with D. R. Hartree, F. Janossy, and J. G. Wilson. At the beginning of August 1939, Fovell was about to take cosmic ray observing equipment across to the Pic du Midi observatory in the French Pyrenees, but aborted his trip when warned by Blackett about the situation in Europe. Blackett was on the Tizard Commit- tee overseeing the development of radar. As World War II neared, Fovell and others from Manchester were sent on a course on radar. Then, for six weeks, he was posted to a Chain Home early warning station at Staxton Wold near Scarborough.Here, he became aware of sporadic radar echoes whose origin was un- known and thought that they might be due to reflections from cosmic ray air showers. Following up this thought had to wait for several years, as he was asked to work on the development of airborne radar systems. In this role he led the team that developed the H2S radar, for which he was awarded the OBE. But, finally, as the war came towards an end he was able to return to Manchester, and he acquired an army gun-laying radar to investigate the enigmatic echoes. To avoid interference from trams in Manchester, he set up his equipment in a field at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire used by the university's botany department.Starting in December 1945, Fovell was soon detecting echoes, but it was not long before he realised that they came from the trails of ionised gas pro- duced as meteors enter the Earth's atmosphere and that radar would provide an excellent tool for their study. This work flourished, and the university acquired the adjacent field, which became known as the Jodrell Bank Exper- imental Station. Lovell was able to attract a superb staff of young scientists and decided to build a large (218-foot) antenna, one of whose major achieve- ments was to make a crude radio map of the great galaxy in Andromeda- the first time that a radio source had been identified as outside our galaxy. In recognition of this work, Lovell was appointed to the first chair in radio astronomy at the university in 1951 and elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1955.This antenna was located on the ground and was thus able to observe only the regions of the sky that passed overhead. Lovell realised that a radio telescope of at least this size that could observe in any part of the sky would be a major asset. The engineer, Charles Husband, developed his concept and designed what was to become known as the Mk 1 telescope at an estimat- ed cost of £60,000. …


Home-prepared diets for dogs On behalf of Just Food For Dogs LLC, I would like to express concerns with the recent study by Stockman et al regarding their evaluation of the nutritional adequacy of a large number of recipes for homeprepared maintenance diets for dogs. Many dog owners, for a wide variety of reasons, have elected to seek alternatives to commercial pet foods and are choosing to cook for their pets. As veterinarians, I believe we have an obligation to these owners to help them ensure that the meals they feed are healthy and balanced. As such, there is good reason to examine the nutritional adequacy of the recipes that these owners may be using. However, I believe that the authors should be more circumspect in their conclusions. There are two established ways to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of pet foods: comparing nutrient profiles with published standards and longitudinal feeding trials. Feeding trials are considered superior to evaluation of nutrient profiles because feeding trials can provide data on palatability, acceptability, digestibility, and bioavailability. Understandably, the authors did not perform feeding trials of the 200 diet recipes they evaluated and, instead, compared estimated nutrient profiles with established standards. However, because of this, the deficiencies identified by the authors may not ever translate into clinical deficiencies when these recipes are used. In addition, in developing their nutrient profiles, the authors used their own proprietary software program and relied on information from publicly available and proprietary databases of nutrient analyses of recipe ingredients. Without more information regarding the validity of the proprietary software program and proprietary nutrient analysis database, it is hard to know how reliable their results are. The authors did attempt to address this by comparing results of their computer-based nutrient analyses with results of laboratory analyses of nutrient content. However, only 15 of the 200 recipes were selected for laboratory analysis, and even for these 15 recipes, only a few nutrients were analyzed because of cost constraints. Nevertheless, nutrient concentrations obtained by means of laboratory analysis differed by 0.21% to 62.10% from those obtained by means of the authors' computer-based analyses. We are in an exciting time in pet nutrition, and the study of pet diets should remain as objective and unbiased as possible because our pets' quality of lives and health are at stake. Oscar E. Chavez, DVM, MBA Just Food For Dogs LLC Newport Beach, Calif


No-fluorine superhydrophobic modified silica sol was prepared based on n-dodecyltrimethoxysi- lane and tetraethoxysilane by sol-gel technique at ambient temperature.The prepared silica sol was applied on pure cotton fabrics by dip-pad-cure method.The particle size measurement result indicated that the obtained particles were mainly distributed between 5 nm and 8 nm.The silica element was detected on the treated cotton fabric surface by energy dispersive spectroscopy.Contact angles were measured and the water contact angle of the treated cotton fabric was 151°for 5μL water droplet compared with 0°of the untreated fabric.The result of the scanning probe microscope showed that the roughness of the treated cotton fiber was drastically increased compared with the original cotton fiber.The increased roughness and the introduction of low surface energy chemicals account for the superhydrophobicity and this wetting was in accord with Wenzel model.


The determination method of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in tin concentrate by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is established.In the established method,the characteristic concentration of CaO and MgO were 0.087μg/mL and 0.0034 μg/mL respectively;the detection limit were 0.022 μg/mL and 0.0028 μg/mL respectively;The linear correlation coefficient of standard curve were more than 0.999;the determination range were 0.050%~ 7.50% and 0.010%~ 2.00% respectively;11 representative samples and 2 standard samples were researched,and the accuracy were 0.7%~ 11.1% and 2.5%~ 10.5% respectively;the recovery of standard addition of samples were 91.5%~ 102.7%,98.6%~ 102.7% respectively.


Zimbabwe as an independent state continue to use, thereby perpetuate colonial systems especially in education where the government controls the formulation of policies. The study seeks to examine and understand the extent of the influence of colonial legacies in education from the headmasters' viewpoints. The findings from the study put it clear that colonial legacies continue to influence policy. If there is a change, it is only in name as the implementation, methods, and results are the same as those previously used in colonial periods. There is, however, a gap in the discussion as for whether the continued use of colonial systems in independent Zimbabwe is of benefit to the country or to people as individuals. It is the recommendation of this study to empower teachers to become transformational leaders and agents of development through a combination of local systems as well as foreign ones to produce a hybrid system. Examination and understanding of the science behind post-colonial theory is significant in the adoption of policies to run the education sector thus this research offers an alternative way of looking at the post-colonial theory in the eyes of the administrators.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a game means capable of easily performing various touch operations without looking at a hand. SOLUTION: The game device includes a touch panel and prescribed processing is executed when deciding that a prescribed touch operation is performed. For instance, an LCD 12 for displaying a virtual space image is provided with a virtual image area 402. When the touch operation is detected, the corresponding position of a touch position in the virtual image area 402 is calculated and a cursor 406 is displayed. The guide image 404 of a user operation can be displayed in the virtual image area 402 and the image 404 can be the reduced image of a guide image 400 displayed on an LCD 14 under the touch panel. The guide images 400 and 404 can be images corresponding to a selected operation kind, and a display form can be changed according to the decision of the operation or the display form may be changed as the display of a decided result. Further, a decision corresponding to the change of the display form of the images 400 and 404 to be a guide can be performed. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


Detailed desriptions of their sort anatomies are prouided for two Osnacoda r subulata (Rugieri, 1954) and Cytherella vulgatella Aiello, Barra, Bonaduce 6{ Russo, 199C Rugieri, 1978 are indicated by description of P. subspiralis (Brady, Crosskey & Robertson, ) (Seguenza, 1880) and Paracytheridea depressa Miiller 1894 are abo described, with discusst anatom! of Polycopsis compressa (Brady 6{ Robertson, t A69 is detailed with discussion o Chavturopsis new genus, hauing the type species Chavturopsis pacifica (Chautun 1977).


The present invention relates to a yield ratio and excellent flexibility, lightweight, high-strength austenitic steel and its preparation method, and more particularly, relates to an automobile for manufacturing an inner panel, outer panel or other structure high strength steel parts and their preparation. The present invention provides: having a yield ratio and excellent flexibility, lightweight austenitic high strength hot rolled steel sheet, cold rolled steel sheets and plated steel sheet and which contains (in weight%) 0.6% to 1.0% carbon, 0.1% to 2.5% silicon, 10% to 15% manganese, not more than 0.02% phosphorus, not more than 0.015% silicon, 5-8% aluminum, from 0.01 to 0.20% titanium, no more than ratio of 0.02% nitrogen, and balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein a specific gravity not greater than 7.4g / cm3 and a Mg / Al of between 2 to 3; and its preparation method. According to one aspect, the present invention has a lower specific gravity and higher compared to the yield ratio high-strength steel sheet of the prior art (e.g. AHSS) and having excellent flexibility, so that it effectively maintain the hardness and structural element significantly applicable to the compression process and can not therefore lighter weight automotive parts, so that the various components may be integrated into a single component and thus has the advantage of simplified processing.


:We reported the usefulness of liquid-based cytology for oral mucosal lesions, based on the Bethesda system (Oral Bethesda system). In November 2015, the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology published new guidelines for oral cytology, and recommended a new report format for oral cytodiagnosis based on the Bethesda system. In this article, we report the clinical validity of this new format compared to the conventional class classification format in our hospital. Materials and Methods: We obtained biopsy and excision specimens of one hundred and nine patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma in our hospital, over a 3-year period between November 2013 and May 2017. We performed cytodiagnosis, and evaluated the site of lesion, sensitivity, and false-negative rate of diagnosis. Results: Cytodiagnosis revealed SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma) in 60 cases (56%), HSIL (High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) in 27 cases (25%), LSIL (Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) in 15 cases (14%) and NILM (Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy) in 7 cases (6%). The sensitivity and false-negative rate using the new reporting format were 94% and 6%, respectively, indicating that the new format is more useful than past criteria. Conclusion: We strongly suggest that liquid-based oral cytology using the new report format based on the Bethesda system is a clinically useful screening diagnostic system, and has clinical value in oral cancer screening.


To the Editor:— The case report, "Ventricular Fibrillation of Long Duration Abolished by Electric Shock," by Beck, Pritchard and Feil (The Journal, Dec. 13, 1947, p. 985) describes a rare and remarkable accomplishment in operating room therapeutics. It is also, however, a clear example of the misuse of a cardiac glycoside in the operating room. There has long been great need for better understanding of the value and effects of digitalis preparations in the patient undergoing anesthesia and operation. Their abuse in the treatment of peripheral circulatory failure is notoriously common as part of the "medical last rites." So is their application for resuscitation during any type of anesthetic accident. But the case reported is the first I have encountered in which a digitalis preparation has been used to decrease a tachycardia under anesthesia with the result that a near fatal ventricular fibrillation was produced by the cardiac glycoside, lanatoside


Past reports that humans can, in complete darkness, sense with their fingers the colors objects would have if illuminated, have understandably been received with skepticism. A previously proposed hypothesis, based on differential rate of absorption of infrared radiation by different layers of the skin, is inconsistent with the thermodynamics of the situation. Quantitative analysis of the system consisting of a roomtemperature surface juxtaposed to the higher temperature skin, however, leads to the conclusion that large differences in emissivity of different room-temperature surfaces almost certainly could be detected by the associated effects on skin temperature. Easily repeatable demonstrations show that this is true, and a few simple temperature measurements confirm the theoretical identification of the mechanism.


Surgical robots have been widely adopted with over 4000 robots being used in practice daily. However, these are telerobots that are fully controlled by skilled human surgeons. Introducing "surgeon-assist"—some forms of autonomy—has the potential to reduce tedium and increase consistency, analogous to driver-assist functions for lane-keeping, cruise control, and parking. This article examines the scientific and technical backgrounds of robotic autonomy in surgery and some ethical, social, and legal implications. We describe several autonomous surgical tasks that have been automated in laboratory settings, and research concepts and trends.


The optimization of lubricated sealing systems with respect to the stick-slip effect requires a friction model that describes the complex friction behavior in the lubri-cated contact area. This paper presents an efficient dynamic friction model based on the Stribeck curve, which allows to investigate the influencing parameters through finite element (FE) simulations. The simulation of a tribometer test using this friction model proofs that the model correlates well with the tribometer test results. It is shown that the system stiffness has a significant influence on the stick-slip tendency of the system.


This study contributes to the debate over the potential of film as a pedagogical aid. It argues that integrating film production into the assessment of undergraduate modules secures advantages for student learning: students connect their ideas more explicitly to "real world" examples; new voices and understandings are introduced to communication, and broader skills in storyboarding, narration and digital technologies are developed. The use of film also emphasizes the need for a holistic marking strategy to capture the creativity encouraged by this medium. The study suggests that integrating film into assessment offers a "eureka" moment in the student learning experience.


Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic disease of the oral cavity. Changes in the serum lipid profile have long been associated with malignancies as Lipids play a key role in maintenance of cell integrity. Aim: To evaluate the alterations in extended lipid profile parameters in patients with OSMF. Materials and Method: In this hospital-based study, 30 clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven patients of OSMF and 10 healthy controls were compared. In these groups, serum lipids including: (i) total cholesterol (TC), (ii) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), (iii) low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (iv) triglycerides and (v) very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) were analyzed. Results: A significant decrease in all the lipid profile parameters was observed in OSMF patients as compared to the controls. Thus, an evidence of alterations between plasma lipid levels and OSMF was found. There was an overall correlation of serum lipid profile and histopathological grading. As the histopathological grading increased there was progressive decrease in all the parameters of lipid profile. Conclusion: The lower levels of plasma cholesterol and other lipid constituents in patients might be due to their increased utilization. There was an overall significant correlation of serum lipid profile and histopathological grading.


The high-yielding techniques of water bamboo in marina saline-alkali land were introduced from the following aspects, including land reclamation, species selection, reasonable density, timely planting and field management. The results provided references for production of water bamboo.


The taxonomic relationship of two supposed species of Geomys in northern Kansas was assessed using morphometric, bacular, karyotypic, and electrophoretic analyses. Only morphometric analysis proved useful in differentiating between the taxa. No evidence of morphometric intergradations was found in Kansas even though the taxa were sampled within three mile of one another. Populations of the same taxa in a zone of contact in Nebraska were distinct morphometrically, karyologically, and electrophoretically, but all three methods suggested introgression between the taxa. The number of specimens collected in the zone was insufficient to determine if there was concordance among methods in defining introgression. Potential inability for morphometrics and standard karylolgy to assess the degree of introgression in Nebraska and the lack of correlation between zones of contact in Kansas and Nebraska suggest the two taxa should be regarded as subspecies of G. bursarius rather than distinct species.


Novice driver training has become an important issue in China with the quick increase of vehicle population. However, the training school mainly provides only operation skill training, which seems insufficient for novice driver training. To help novice drivers develop higher-order perceptual and cognitive skills safely and quickly, a prototype model of driver training platform is proposed. The system allows many networked drivers to interact with other drivers as well as the environment. Some typical road hazards were designed for drivers to experience. Potential impact may include improved training efficiency and safety for higher-order perceptual and cognitive skills. It also provides a means of education to improve publicity of road hazards.


Clouds have a major impact on the Earth radiation budget and differences in the representation of clouds in global climate models are responsible for much of the spread in predicted climate sensitivity. Existing cloud climatologies, against which these models can be tested, have many limitations. The CALIOP lidar, carried on the CALIPSO satellite, has now acquired over two years of nearly continuous cloud and aerosol observations. This dataset provides an improved basis for the characterization of 3-D global cloudiness. Global average cloud cover measured by CALIOP is about 75%, significantly higher than for existing cloud climatologies due to the sensitivity of CALIOP to optically thin cloud. Day/night biases in cloud detection appear to be small. This presentation will discuss detection sensitivity and other issues associated with producing a cloud climatology, characteristics of cloud cover statistics derived from CALIOP data, and applications of those statistics.


A research process is described which is based on the premise that the manner in which the public uses public space can be determined by observing its use in a systematic way. This involves a multidisciplinary approach bringing together sociological, architectural, planning, transportation engineering, geographical and filmmaking elements. Individual projects are carried out in order to produce visible, site-specific examples of how public spaces can be better designed and managed. In the approach described here, the site is selected and a team spends several days familiarizing itself with the site's problems and a structured approach to the task is then developed. Several projects are described to illustrate how the process is applied. The cumulative experience gained from 14 projects has provided valuable information about the implications of the process for designers, planners, and managers of public spaces.


Introduction: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) 9 and 13 are to "collaborate as a member of an interprofessional team" and to "identify system failures thereby contributing to a culture of safety and improvement." Addressing EPA 9, an interprofessional initiative was begun using a project team between two university programs: medical education and health systems engineering. Addressing EPA 13, this team set out to provide diagnostic analytics for Length of Stay (LOS) delays in the Emergency Department (ED).Methods: This project was performed in 2018 at an ED with 42 beds, an annual census of 70,000, and a 38% admission rate. Two healthcare systems engineering students and a medical student performed on-site observations to identify specific bottlenecks that could contribute to ED LOS. This data and data generated from the electronic medical record were analyzed and correlated with observations. Factors (44) that affect ED processes were analyzed, including time interval metrics such as arrival to triage, arrival to admit, disposition to departure, and bed request to admit. Results: Patients had an average LOS of 5.9 hours. A total of 4,940 adult, non-psychiatric cases presented; 1,599 (32.4%) of these were admitted. Process evaluation (Figure, mean and median minutes) showed differences between day (7a-7p) and night (7p-7a) flow patterns. These quantitative results (EPA 13) were determined by the interprofessional collaborative work efforts of the students (qualitatively, the outcome of EPA 9).This project demonstrated a synergistic educational experience that allowed the blending of medical education with process engineering, ultimately improving knowledge gaps of both. This unique process allowed for diagnostics to be performed that were necessary for the ED and simultaneously provided a stronger foundation for QI undertakings for both engineering and medical students.Conclusion: Medical students can benefit from working alongside systems engineers, allowing them to see the value of using tools (simulation modeling, statistical analysis, process flow mapping, etc.) to uncover evidence-based improvements to a variety of medical processes. Healthcare systems engineering students can gain valuable experience in a complex medical environment. Looking for solutions to the disparity between flow during the day and night is an opportunity for future study.


We prove new L(R) bounds on Stein's square function for p ≥ 3.25. As an application, it improves the maximal Bochner-Riesz conjecture to the same range of p. The main method we used is polynomial partitioning.


In this paper, the general new approach for the ISS Operations Service will be presented which is provided by the Industrial Operator to the European Space Agency (ESA) covering all ISS operations preparation and exploitation activities. The overall ISS Operations Service is made up of several sub services, of which the Training Sub Service will be described in more detail as an exa mple. Training of both the ISS Flight Crews and Ground Support Personnel (GSP) is an essential part of increment preparation and execution to ensure safe and effective operation of the European contributions to ISS: ATV, Columbus module and ESA payloads. This paper gives an overview of the process of training development and implementation, introduces the various training tools, levels of simulations and facilities used and explains how ISS crew and GSP is finally certified. The advantages of such an integrated end-to-end service will be highlighted.


The work of Hellem (1960) and of Gaarder, Jonsen, Laland, Hellem, and Owren (1961) has made it clear that red blood cells are a potent source of adenosine diphosphate of consider able importance in determining the adhesiveness of platelets in vitro. Caspary (1965) showed that the presence of even 2% haematocrit red cells was enough to confer a normal degree of stickiness on platelets suspended in plasma. The implication of this finding, brought out in correspondence which followed the publication of the latter paper (Caspary, 1966), is that platelet stickiness might depend in some measure on the readi ness with which erythrocytes yield adenosine diphosphate, and a similar suggestion has more recently been made by Harrison and Mitchell (1966) and Hampton and Mitchell (1966). Atten tion had been drawn to abnormality in size of red blood cells in multiple sclerosis by Plum and Fog (1959), and the present work indicates that they are also more osmotically fragile.


The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Na heparin and Na2EDTA on blood of Piaractus mesopotamicus (360.7±42.4g, 26.4±1.0cm). Twenty fishes were sampled in two experiment trials, ten for erythrocyte fragility analysis and ten for hematologic and plasma biochemical study. The blood collected by venous-caudal puncture was fractioned and stored in anticoagulants solution: Na2EDTA 10%, Na2EDTA 3%, Na heparin 5000 IU and Na heparin 100 IU. Plasmatic levels of calcium presented in the Na2EDTA stored samples were about 80% lower than both heparin groups. Blood samples of P. mesopotamicus stored with Na2EDTA demonstrated increase in the hematocrit and MCV, and decrease in MCHC. The dose-response effect was observed in this study. The results are reinforced by the higher levels of plasmatic protein and hemolysis presented in the Na2EDTA 10% stored blood, confirming the deleterious effect of this anticoagulant treatment on the quality of blood samples. Na2EDTA is not indicated to store P. mesopotamicus blood samples, but sodium heparin at 100 IU is the most recommended anticoagulant, since this treatment presented the lower rate of alterations in the stored blood.


10.1 The neural control of speech Physiologists and psychologists who study motor control aim to understand how the brain controls movement. We know that waves of neural activation cascade down complex neural pathways to the motoneurons that activate muscle tissue, and that the contraction of these muscles applies forces to limbs. We know, too, from elementary physics that force is proportional to acceleration, and that if we study the acceleration of some body part, we are getting close to seeing how this remarkable control mechanism produces the movement that we see and feel. Our capacity for speech is remarkable. In conversation, we can easily pronounce 14 phonemes per second, and this rate appears to be limited by the cognitive aspects of language rather than by the physical ability to perform the articulatory movements. Considering the muscles of the thoracic and abdominal walls, the neck and face, the larynx and pharynx, and the oral cavity, there are over 100 muscles that must be controlled centrally. Does the brain plan sequences of speech movements as a group, or does it just control each movement in turn without regard to preceding or following phonemes? In speech production, the concept of coarticulation implies that the characteristics of each phoneme are adjusted to accommodate aspects of what is coming up ahead. We can gain some insight into coarticulation by studying the lower lip. The lower lip plays a modest role in speech articulation, but is easily acces


A clear contrast in fluorescence signals from malignant and normal tissue is of great importance in the research for early cancer detection methods that make use of tumour-selective photosensitizers. Contrast is blurred by spatial variations in optical properties of the tissue, its intrinsic fluorescence and geometrical parameters of the fluorescence measurement setup. A method using two wavelength excitation and two wavelength detection that corrects the measured fluorescence signal for these artefacts has been developed. Evaluation of this method was done by in vitro and in vivo measurements using a optical fibre setup. The method corrected the measured signals for the influence of variations in absorption, scattering and setup geometry, leaving a result depending only on the photosensitizer concentration. In the imaging system using this method movement artefacts that occur during measurements are corrected for by simultaneous projection of the four resulting fluorescence images on a CCD-chip.


PWGL[1] has stood out, since its introduction in Electronic Music clas ses, as an important tool for the development of the musical creativity of students at the "G.Verdi" Conser vatoire. The uses of PWGL are manifold: other than being a great teaching aid for rebuilding the composition of historical pieces, it offers new opportunities in the creation of original pieces and the application of several techniques of sound synthesis. I've concentrated on the need to c r ate functional links between PWGL and Csound, in order to integrate the processes of algorit hmic composition with those of sound synthesis. A piece is usually written with using thousands of lines of instruct ions. However, most musicians do not compose pieces writing note by note, but use programmes to produce scores. Such programmes, known as score generators [2], aim at relieving the composer of the repetitive task of typing long lines of code . PWGL, a programme of algorithmic composition based on Common Lisp [3], c an be employed as a score generator and interfaced with Csound, a widespread s ound renderer based on the C language; it can also become a powerful driving force of synthesis [4]. PWGL enables an unskilled programmer, without the support of external l ibraries to do the following: produce electronic gestures with full control of the sound parameter s involved in the sound"composing" process: instrument, attack, note, amplitude, frequency, pan, reverb, delay etc .; make a quick rendering in Csound, to repeat processes and correct PWG L patches; implement , by using simple algorithms, several techniques of synthesis.


Coordination of locomotion in a complex environment requires information about the instantaneous self-motion. Visually oriented animals, including man, may exploit 'optic flow' that is generated in the eyes when moving through structured surroundings. Optic flow fields are composed of local velocity vectors. They depend upon a set of motion parameters: (i) direction of gaze, (ii) the rotatory and (iii) the translatory component of the instantaneous seif-motion; the translatory component depends additionally on the distance between visual objects and the observer (Koenderink, 1987).


A mathematical model is identifiable if and only if there is a unique relationship between each parameter value and the input-output behavior of the model. If a model is not identifiable, there is no unique solution to the parameter estimation problem, regardless of the number and type of experiments that are performed. A method for testing the identifiability of linear time-invariant (LTI) differential-algebraic equation (DAE) systems, based on differential algebra, is presented. In the proposed approach, the LTI DAE system is treated as a set of linear mappings in the input, output, and state variables. The proposed treatment allows the input-output representation of the system to be obtained by combining and differentiating elements of this set. The identifiability of the system is tested by checking whether the relationship between the model parameters and the coefficients in the input-output representation of the system is one-to-one. One benefit of the proposed method is that it readily produces a simplified realization of the system that is identifiable even when the original LTI DAE model is not identifiable. Necessary and sufficient conditions for local and global identifiability are presented, and the application of the proposed method is illustrated using a simplified gas-phase reaction model.


The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a novel copolymer diene with high rates of phosphorous functions by radical grafting of a polymer poly (phosphorus) bearing as chain end a thiol group on a diene polymer according to the following steps: a) bringing into contact with stirring at least one diene polymer in solution and at least one poly (phosphorus) having a chain-end thiol function in solution, b) heating the homogeneous reaction mixture obtained in the preceding step at temperature grafting reaction, and c) adding the radical concomitantly with one initiator steps a) and b), or once the temperature of the grafting reaction reached.


A full-field-thermographic technique for imaging stress patterns in dynamically loaded structures using general purpose IR imaging and image processing hardware is described. The inspection technique is based on the thermoelastic effect. A simple geometry is examined, and the experimentally determined values for the stress invariant are shown to be consistent with theoretical and numerical calculations. The application of full-field-thermographic measurement would ensure that the observed stress field has a common sampling period, thus allowing the observation of rapidly occurring stress anomalies such as the propagation of a fatigue crack. Fatigue crack propagation in two consecutive thermoelastic stress images from an aluminum sample is shown.


The efficient and accurate approximate nonlinear filters have been widely used in the estimation of states and parameters of dynamical systems. In this paper, an adaptive divided difference filter is designed for precise estimation of states and parameters of micromechanical gyro navigation system. Based on the investigation of nonlinear divided difference filter the adaptive divided difference filter(ADDF) was designed, which takes account of the incorrect time-varying noise statistics of dynamical systems and compensation of the nonlinearity effects neglected by linearization. And its performance is superior to that of DDF and extended Kalman filter(EKF). Simulation results indicate that the advantages of the proposed nonlinear filters make them attractive alternatives to the extended Kalman filter.


In his little book on D.H.Lawrence Frank Kermode says that Lawrence's novels do not have a design on us. There are, to be sure, dogmas in them, the dogmas of Lawrence's treatises and letters; but, says Kermode, in the novels the ideas are made to submit to life. Lawrence himself said that the novel is the highest form of human experience precisely because the novel is 'so incapable of the absolute... in a novel there is always a tom-cat, a black tom-cat which pounces on the white dove of the Word'. Iris Murdoch, philosopher and novelist, said this (in a novel): 'If a truth is complicated, you have to be an artist not to utter it as a lie'.


The capacitance of sub-module capacitor has a great impact on the cost, size, and operation of the modular multi-level converter (MMC). However, the capacitance selected by the existing methods does not always meet the requirement in practice. To find out the reasons for this improper selection, the existing selection methods are analyzed in this paper. Based on the analysis, a new capacitance-selection method is proposed. In the new method, the problems of the existing methods are solved, and the calculation of capacitor voltage is based on a proposed capacitor-voltage model whose calculation error can be smaller than 0.1%. Furthermore, the Secant Method is used in the capacitance selection to quickly calculate the required capacitance. The new capacitance-selection method can be applicable to the MMC not having a circular operating region. In addition, this paper found that the capacitor voltage and the capacitor-voltage ripple reach their maximum values when the power-factor angles of the MMC are –π/2 and π/2, respectively, and the dc component in the capacitor voltage changes according to the operating condition of the MMC. Finally, the proposed selection method and theoretical analyses are verified by both simulation and experiment.


High Resolution X‐ray computed tomography is commonly used to study internal structures of fossil skulls. CT allows inference about the structure of brain surface morphology, the inner ear, and internal bony elements such as turbinates. Computed tomography data is frequently published in figures as isosurface renderings of either the segmented endocranial volume or of the surface of the specimen. Here I demonstrate how CT improves upon superficial anatomical understanding of fossils in a Late Triassic early mammal relative from the Ischigualasto Formation in Argentina. When the specimen, PVSJ 882, was first discovered and initially described, it was assumed to be closely related to mammals on account of the perceived absence of two circumorbital bones, the prefrontal and postorbital. It was not until the specimen could be viewed non‐destructively in cross section that the prefrontal and postorbital were identified to be present. However, other derived early mammalian features grew apparent, including a fusion of the prootic and opisthotic to form the petrosal, as well as cochlea housed within a bony promontorium. The discovery of primitive orbital elements in a specimen with such a derived ear is new to mammal paleontology. The superficial morphology of other derived mammal relatives is encouraged to be studied with CT. Furthermore, I demonstrate how adjusted volume renderings can more accurately communicate the morphology of the specimen in question, while isosurfaces can be misleading for the same reasons that photos of the specimen in rock matrix can be misleading. While isosurface renderings have advantages in figures depicting CT data, they should not be used to the exclusion of volume renderings when volume renderings can depict subtle sutures, unprepared foramina, and deep, delicate bone buried under rock matrix.


The utility model discloses a rehabilitation instrument special for treating eyes beaten by electricity. The rehabilitation instrument comprises glasses which are attached to the outside of the rehabilitation instrument and two plastic bags which are capable of receiving water, wherein the plastic bags are designed into a water inlet and a water outlet. The rehabilitation instrument is characterized in that: the water inlet is connected with prepared tap water or a suspension bottle, so that the glasses are wrapped with the water-filled plastic bags and are coated on the eyes, heat of the eyes is taken away under the flowing action of water, and the swelling and pain of the eyes are slowed down until rehabilitation.


Based on the idea of evaluating the distribution of the 'odds of death' of a lifetime variable, the odd Weibull distribution proposed by Cooray has recently been shown to be useful for testing the goodness of fit of the Weibull and inverse Weibull distributions. The model is also very versatile in modelling lifetime data in that its failure rate function can be increasing, decreasing, constant, bathtub shaped, and unimodal. In this paper, a detailed parametric characterization of the statistical properties of this distribution is carried out. The shapes of the Weibull probability plot with different model parameters are presented and the graphic parameter estimation steps are iterated. Burn-in and useful period-related issues of the bathtub-shaped failure rate curve are discussed. An application example is shown to illustrate the parameter estimation procedure and the superior fit of the model for some real data to the two-parameter Weibull distribution and some other three-parameter Weibull-related distributions.


A multi-regional model is developed for the global spread of an emerging and re-emerging infectious disease. Intra-regional interventions and inter-regional interventions are incorporated into the model. Optimal control theory is applied to the formulation of a prevention and control strategy against diseases. The conditions for existence of an optimal control are derived by using Pontrayagins maximum principle. Numerical results show that optimal control strategy preforms effective. A briefly study on the impact of different levels of hygiene precautions on the formulation of an optimal control strategy is investigated. Simulation result further reveals that that intra-regional intervention and exit screening at the border of an region remains the best choice for an infectious disease, but entry screening should be given less priority or even abandoned in the entire optimal control program.


Despite its small size, the brain consumes 25% of the body's energy, generating its own weight in potentially toxic proteins and biological debris each year. The brain is also the only organ lacking lymph vessels to assist in removal of interstitial waste. Over the past 50 years, a picture has been developing of the brain's unique waste removal system. Experimental observations show cerebrospinal fluid, which surrounds the brain, enters the brain along discrete pathways, crosses a barrier into the spaces between brain cells, and flushes the tissue, carrying wastes to routes exiting the brain. Dysfunction of this cerebral waste clearance system has been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, diabetes, and stroke. The activity of the system is observed to increase during sleep. In addition to waste clearance, this circuit of flow may also deliver nutrients and neurotransmitters. Here, we review the relevant literature with a focus on transport processes, especially the potential role of diffusion and advective flows.


Based on the data(during the years between 2000 to 2007) from the commodity trade statistics database of United Nations Statistics Divisions,by computing trade intensity index,external comparative advantage index and trade complementary index,this study empirically verifies the difference of comparative advantage for ten kinds of commodity trade between China and Singapore.The complementary relationship of trade between China and Singapore is revealed,and the trade situation between China and Singapore is inspected from the perspective of intra-industry trade.Finally,this paper gives several policy recommendations to accelerate the development of the trade between China and Singapore.


A SiO without suppressing the size of a lithium secondary battery characterized in that the initial charge capacity used in the anode 30 is significantly improved by the defect of its initial efficiency is low. To improve the cycle characteristics. As a cathode active material layer 32 in order to realize them, to form a thin film of silicon oxide formed by vacuum deposition or sputtering on the surface of the current collector (31). Preferably, to form a thin film by the ion plating. Silicon oxide is The vacuum deposition source as using SiO precipitated body or less weight reduction (rattle multiple values) of the multiple test rattle is 1.0%. When the vacuum deposition, and without exposing the surface of the collector 31 is washed in an inert atmosphere or in vacuum processing to the next, an air atmosphere to form a thin film of silicon oxide.


While numerous academic studies sufficiently bond the emergence of (radical) innovations to macroeconomic growth (Plosser (1989); Freeman and Perez (1988); Mansfield (1983); Mensch (1979); Jovanovic and Lach (1997); Giedeman and Simons (2006)), the competitive mechanisms that influence small firm innovation activity are under-theorized and empirically under-represented (see Heger (2004)). Moreover, policy-maker tend to assume a "one-size-fits-all" stimulus agenda can be implemented nation-wide to enhance innovation activity in small firms, i.e. suggesting that supportive policies for the macroeconomic climate will have the same effect on all industries, while in reality, firm and industry innovativeness results in different effects from the macro-economy. Therefore, our main research question asks to what extent and how do macroeconomic dynamics affect product innovations. We take a quantitative approach by examining innovation survey responses from small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) from 1999-2009 in the Netherlands. Methodologically, we utilize logistic regressions on the pooled cross-section dataset to examine statistically significant effects at an aggregate, innovativeness, and sector level using macroeconomic indicators such as Real GDP, domestic consumption, unemployment rates, and long-term interest rates. Findings suggest that innovativeness of firms and industries results in varying significant effects from the macroeconomic condition. Policy should account for sector specifics and innovativeness when considering future innovation stimulus objectives.Length:


The evolution of texture in commercially pure (CP) titanium during uniaxial tension and compression through VPSC(Visco-plastic self-consistent)simulation is reported in the present study. Cp-titanium was subjected to both uniaxial tension and compression up to 35% deformation. During uniaxial tension, tensile twin of{1012} type and compressive twin of {1122} type were observed in the samples. However,only tensile twin of{1012} type was observed in the samples during uniaxial compression. Volume fractions of the twins were increased linearly as a function of percentage deformation during uniaxial tension.Whereas, during uniaxial compression the twinning volume fraction was increased up to 20% deformation and then decreased rapidly on further increasing the percentage deformation.During uniaxial tension,the general t-type textures were observed in the samples irrespective of the percentage deformation. The initial non-basal texture was oriented to split basal texture during uniaxialcompression of the sample.VPSC formulation was used for simulating the texture development in the material. Different hardening parameters were estimated through correlating the simulated stress-strain curve with the experimental stress-strain data. It was observed that, prismatic slip {1010} operated as the primary deformation mode during uniaxial tension whereas basal slip {0001} acquired the leading role during deformation through uniaxial compression. It was also revealed that active deformation modes were fully depending on percentage deformation,loading direction, and orientation of grains.


Nutrition education programs often assume that African Americans follow a Southern or Soul Food dietary pattern. Little evidence exists on the actual dietary intakes of African Americans in Arizona. We collected baseline dietary intake information as part of the development of a heart disease risk reduction intervention from a convenience sample of 307 African Americans aged 18–60 years. Participants completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) about their general dietary patterns and intakes of Soul Foods (Jackson Heart Study FFQ) and Hispanic foods. Additional questions were asked about heart disease knowledge and risk factors. A majority of the sample was overweight or obese. Fifty‐one percent of men exceeded dietary recommendations for fat intake compared to 30% of women. Few met dietary guidelines for fruits and vegetables (17%), legumes (9%), or fiber (15%). In contrast to qualitative statements, few people reported eating Soul Foods regularly, except for greens or fried fish which were consumed at least 2–3 times per month by 50% of the sample. Participants did not report regular consumption of Hispanic foods either. These findings suggest actual dietary intakes should be assessed before using Soul Foods as examples of modified recipes in nutrition education outreach. Funding was provided by St. Luke's Health Initiatives and the Arizona Department of Health Services.


Mangrove ecosystem, a very specialised environment in the natural transition zone between the land and the sea, have gained momentum recently as it plays important role in protecting and extending coastline by trapping sediments, supporting fishery by developing detritus-based food chain and also controlling the regional climatic condition. Studies on the floristic structure of Indian mangrove forest have well been documented by Blatter (1905), Banerjee (1964), Ahmad (1972), Blasco (1975, 1977), Berry (1963, 1972), Sidhu (1963), Sasekumar (1974), Dwivedi et ale (1974), Joshi and Shinde (1979), Mukherjee and Mukherjee (1978), Choudhury (1979), Untawale et a1. (1973) and Untawale (1980). After the works of Roonwal (1954a, b) a number of studies have been carried out on the faunal community of this ecosystem by Subbarao and Mukherjee (1975), Murty and Rao (t977), Radhakrishna and Janakiram (1975), Choudhury et ale (1980) and Bhunia and Choudhury (1981).


Article history: Received March 1, 2011 Received in Revised form July, 14, 2011 Accepted 15 July 2011 Available online 20 July 2011 Advertisement plays an important role on increasing sales and organizations normally spend significant amount of cost in an attempt to increase profitability. A productive advertisement normally involves various factors and we need to determine the most important ones, very carefully. In this paper, we use a questionnaire-based survey to find the most important factors influencing advertisement. In this paper, we focus on gathering information from the advertisement providers to assess each advertisement plan. The proposed study of this paper uses factor analysis to determine 15 most important factors, which include 42 variables. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


We are developing KBIM Submission system which supports the submittal process of the building administrative permission procedures of South Korea. In Korea all the e-documents for permission have to be submitted through SEUMTER, Korean government architectural permission system. KBIM Submission uses as much information gathered as possible during the design process based upon Open BIM environment to minimize user's additional inputs and other endeavors. Through this system, participants of the project can easily submit project information and documents to SEUMTER to enhance the efficiency of the process. KBIM Submission consists of two major modules. The first one is a project information checking module which confirms the status, correctness, omissions and errors of the project information and documents. The second one is a submission module which sends the information and document files checked to SEUMTER automatically. We have designed the system interfaces and developed the prototype system to testify the effectiveness of the system during the building design process.


For the case of grouped data, the ratched scan statistic has been introduced as an alternative to the continuous circular scan statistic. Because the computation of the exact distribution of the circular ratchet scan statistic becomes infeasible for large sample sizes, a normal approximation for its upper percentiles has been proposed. This article derives upper and lower bounds of degree two for the upper-tail probabilities of a generalized circular ratchet scan statistic.


The three interrelated foci of this chapter are (i) our ways of working in teacher education to develop their pedagogical practices for (ii) growing children's global mindedness and (iii) the role of multimodal text production in this pursuit. In our work in initial and inservice teacher education, we often introduce our adult learners to case studies of classroom practice. Case studies ground the content of professional learning in reality. We then work with the adult learners through a pedagogy of metalogue (Willis & Exley, 2016; Willis, Grimmett, & Heck, 2018) to identify key theoretical principles that underpin pedagogic practice for growing children's global mindedness. We also focus on the importance of language and literacy as socially and textually produced practices (Janks, 2010) so that children can more fully explore topics that build their global mindedness. Language and literacy are, after all, the means of communication for children receiving input and expressing their developing ideas. As Dooley, Exley, and Comber (2013) assert, without the capacity to receive and express ideas through language and literacy across a range of modes and media, children remain limited in their participation as learners and citizens of the here-and-now and into the future.


The research results of magnesium alloys and their applications to the special components are introduced. A new kind of coat system of magnesium alloy was studied, and its conversion film is chromium-free favourable to environment. The base coat and top-coat with good properties were made with special anticorrosive pigments and fillers. The IPN technology was utilized. The coat sy stem passed salt spray test of 700 hours. By microplasma oxidation coating as foundation bed, the fl uoropolymer is indrafted through hot-dip and second electrolyzation. By vacuum heat treatment the wear-resistant,corrosion-resistant,hard synergistic coating is formed. Its thickness is 15 25μm, har dness is 340 370HV0.05 The strain and stress change of deformation in different original textures, the microstructure evolution in deformation of high temperature and low temperature are analyzed. The strengthing by texture was testified. By isothermal forming, casting,etc, some special compone nts are deformed and manufactured, such as water pipes, cartridge receiver, cover plate, filter shell e tc. By putting components in the typical natural environment testing fields the adaptability to environment was studied. Some special components such as cabin framework have been tested.


This article discusses the nature of causativity based on a set of Mandarin Chinese sentences where various lexical verb forms exhibit a unified semantic meaning of cause. We demonstrate that the sentences express a Cause/Causee relation in which only two internal semantic primitives, transition and force, are identified. We argue that the primitive meaning of force associated with Cause of these sentences is a process or activity rather than an entity. This indicates that Cause may present a pre-existing process or activity which constitutes the force of a causative event. This further leads us to the conclusion that causativity needs to be defined in a domain beyond the sentential boundary. We provide evidence to show how discourse information helps to interpret causative relations. The significance of our analysis lies in the claim that causativity is a dynamic relation which in certain languages needs to be defined on the basis of the inclusion of relevant discourse information. Our discussion also illustrates that causativity is a lexical-conceptual notion rather than a syntactically derived notion, hence an interface approach to the observed linguistic phenomena is justified


Electrocautery in pediatric penile procedures is modeled with the finite element method. Both the electromagnetic power deposition and heat transport due to thermal conduction and blood flow are considered. Anatomical geometry in the region of interest is derived from MR scans of a pediatric penile case. Penile tissue property parameters and variables associated with the electrocautery procedure are varied to study the range of possible responses to the thermal load engendered. Results suggest that electrocautery in the pediatric penis is safe if properly applied. Temperature elevations along the urethra from the tip to the base of the penis do occur, and are influenced most strongly by the power setting, the number and duration of electrocautery events, and their repetition rate. Cross-sectional dimensions of the penis are also important. However, even under relatively extreme conditions, temperature rise is relatively short-lived. Thermal dose estimates suggest that the area of significant thermal damage is confined to the superficial portion of the penis proximal to the site of electrocautery. Further, the model contains a number of simplifications which conspire to over-predict the temperature elevations produced. Hence, the results presented here may be viewed conservatively as worst-case estimates in terms of the safety of the procedure vis-a-vis the induction of thermal injury distal to the site of electrocautery in the pediatric penis.


This paper deals with the experimental characterization of discharges propagating over pressboard of different thicknesses immersed in mineral and vegetable oils, under AC and DC voltages using a point-plane electrode arrangement. It's shown that the thickness of pressboard and the type of oil significantly influence the characteristics of creeping discharge and especially the stopping length Lf and the density of branches □. For a given thickness, Lf increases with the voltage; it decreases when the thickness increases. For a given voltage and thickness of pressboard, Lf is longer under AC than under DC whatever the oil type. And under DC, Lf is longer with positive point than with a negative point. However, the characteristics Lf(U) in presence of vegetable oil and mineral oil are very close except for thin pressboard.


Overview In 1996 there were approximately 14,500 children in out-of-home care in Australia (Bath 1997). When compared with overseas, Australia has a low placement rate, the US rate being between two to four times higher than the Australian rate (Bath 1997). There is great variation in the extent of research and discussion of child protection decision making in the literature. In the past there has been considerable research that has focused on decision making at the 'front-end' or intake phase of the child protection process, while the placement decision making process has been seriously under-researched. While research interest in placement issues as a whole is increasing, investigating questions such as 'which form of placement is better for which child?', there is not, as yet, enough evidence available to guide placement decision making. Further, where research has been done, there does not appear to be much of an attempt to tailor the findings for practitioners' use. Some risk assessment instruments (now common in Australia and the US) have been developed to aid practitioner's decisions about whether a child is at sufficient risk of maltreatment such that it is necessary to remove a child from their home and place him or her in out-of-home care. While in the UK, rather than developing checklists, there has been a move to provide a more comprehensive assessment process (framework for action, see Department of Health 2000) as the basis for more informed child protection intake and placement decision making. The system Placement decision making in Australia is based on a number of guiding principles. These include an emphasis on family preservation and re-unification (where possible), the importance of permanency planning for a child and the Aboriginal Placement Principle (see Briefs 4 & 12). How principles may be operationalised is demonstrated (to an extent) in the following study. Arid (2001) notes that most decisions about removal of a child in the US are associated with the worker's beliefs about the ability of the parents to provide a quality of life. Thus, he notes that children who are poor, criminal and who suffer from physical and mental illness, are more likely to be removed than children who are healthy and well off. However, he found this was not the case in Israel, where it appeared that the decision to remove a child was not based on the same criteria as the assessment of risk to a child. …


The study of secret sharing schemes was independently initiated by Shamir and Blakely in 1979. Since then several other secret sharing schemes were introduced. Many of those schemes are (n,k) threshold systems. In this work we give a survey on secret sharing schemes using linear codes. We analyze Shamir's scheme with an emphasis on the access structure. We explain Massey's linear secret sharing scheme and mention its superiority to (n,k) threshold systems.


The Norrish II photoreactions of trans-1-(4-heptanoylphenyl)-4-heptylcyclohexane (2a) and trans-1-heptyl nonanoylphenyl)cyclohexane (2b) have been examined in their isotropic, smectic B, and solid phases. The smectic phases have been characterized by optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Solid and smectic phase order, probed by deuterium NMR spectroscopy of 2 deuteriated at the methylene a to the carbonyl group, is correlated with the photochemical results


Babies born in Britain to women of South Asian ethnic origin are lighter on average than the offspring of women of European origin. The causes have been incompletely elucidated but nutritional factors, low socioeconomic status and maternal pre-pregnancy weight have been implicated. This health inequality has received little policy prioritization in Britain. As further research clarifies reasons for this differential, appropriately targeted preventive strategies need to be implemented.


To assess the environmental feasibility,the technical process of biomass-fired cogeneration plant as well as its advantages and disadvantages compared with coal power plant were analyzed.Assessment of effect of biomass-fired generation on atmosphere was conducted.The results predicted that the emission concentrations of soot,SO2 and NO2 would be 11.63mg/m3,200.3mg/m3 and 378.7mg/m3 respectively,which were all far below that of coal power plant.The daily and hourly average concentrations of SO2 and NO2 at different conditions and at different locations were also much lower than that of coal power plant.It shows that biomass-fired power plant has an obvious advantage in environmental friendship.


In this paper we give some precise estimations about the sums of the defects of f~((n)) where f is a meromorphic function.The main result is ■ From here,■ is an immediate corollary.


Mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea development Dae-wui Yoon, Chol Shin Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine Sleep Disorder Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major public health problem, the pathogenesis of OSA is not fully understood. According to recent studies, development of OSA generally depends on the followings : (1) upper airway anatomy, (2) the ability of upper airway dilator muscle to respond to stimulation, (3) loop gain, (4) arousal threshold. These factors determine upper airway patency and ventilatory control stability. Thus, abnormalities in these systems lead to a narrowed, more collapsible pharyngeal airway and ventilator control instability, which lead in turn to development of OSA. OSA is a heterogeneous disorder which can develop as the result of a variety of physiologic characteristics, and may differently respond to therapeutic approaches based on the predominant abnormality. Therefore, the treatment of OSA must be individualized to the cause of the development of OSA.


In recent years, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or Microcontroller has been widely used for implementing the digital motor control algorithm in the motor drive industry. Application spans widely from a low performance appliance AC inverter drive to a high performance servo drive. Today's digital AC drive consists of the implementation of torque control by means of regulating the motor current which requires very high speed computation in the range of tens of microseconds, and speed control which requires relatively moderate computation intensity in the range of hundreds of microseconds. All these functions have been implemented in one DSP or one microcontroller with/without a separate motion ASIC which performs much faster tasks such as the PWM (Pulse Width Modulated waveform generator), encoder signal interface, etc. This popularity has been due partly to availability and flexibility of desired algorithm implementation. However, as the performance envelope is further expanded and application is further diversified, new issues arise to satisfy the need for new performance challenges. 1) Traditional DSP and microcontroller have the fixed motion peripheral hardware logic and communication ports. Constraint on these fixed hardware logics inside a DSP and microcontroller imposes limit on the adaptation of different types of feedback devices and network connectivity, and unique customization of motion peripheral hardware logics. 2) Inadequate performance due to a lack of computation power for highend servo torque control results in a multiple DSP or microcontroller implementation mixed with specific motion peripheral ASIC(s); One for torque control and the other for other controls. This creates additional complexity associated with functional partitioning and interconnectivity among split modules/functions. 3) Impeded process and challenge to meet faster time-to-market development. Exponential effort in programming is already inevitable in today's drive development process. A Specific coding technique is often used to meet demanding challenges, and to satisfy new computational speed requirements. Code maintenance ability is further deteriorated if a cryptic assembly language is used as opposed to a high level language, such as C, in order to meet the speed requirement. In reality, the torque control algorithm is particularly written in the dedicated assembly language, which adversely affects programming productivity. In order to solve the arising problems stemmed from the traditional DSP and microcontroller approach, a new method of hardware control has been developed. International Rectifier recently introduced the Accelerator design platform for a flexible high performance servo drive system. The system is based on the latest generation of the FPGA which recently became affordable for implementing complicated closed loop current control and velocity control with desired motion peripheral and communication ports. Review of the today's servo drive digital control architecture and functional partitioning Today, most servo motor drive systems are implemented by digital closed loop control


There is increasing concern that the current structure and organization of primary care delivery based around the general practitioner is unable to cope, with recent reports suggesting that some GPs are refusing to accept any more patients on their lists. More effective use of all qualified health practitioners will become increasingly important if care delivery targets are to be met.


Introducing non-volatility into CMOS circuits is a promising solution to overcome the standby power dissipation due to leakage, which has become a major challenge of today's VLSI. Stateful logic inherently realizes non-volatile logic-in-memory circuits with zero-standby power and opens the door for a shift away from the Von Neumann architecture. To ensure a correct logic behavior in all input patterns, the reliability of the conditional switching in the stateful logic gates is the most important design objective. In this work the goal is to efficiently calculate the reliabilities in TiO2-based and spintronic stateful implication (IMP) logic gates with the aid of compact but sufficiently accurate device models. It is demonstrated that in order to avoid a state computation error in the TiO2-based IMP gate, refreshing is required after a limited number of logic steps as the state drift errors accumulate. Due to the magnetic bistability of the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ), spin-transfer torque (STT)-MTJ-based IMP logic gates eliminate error accumulation and thus are inherently suited for digital computing. A modified SPICE model is presented to optimize the circuit parameters of the STT-MTJ-based gates for providing a reliable conditional switching behavior.


The procedures involved in the various phases of chromosome substitution in common wheat are briefly outlined and explained. Complications encountered with reciprocal translocations are clarified. The following subjects are discussed: development of chromosome-deficient series in other varieties, transfer of single chromosomes from donor varieties to chromosome-deficient lines to develop substitution lines, alien substitutions, and combination of two chromosome substitutions into a single line. There is a brief discussion of the value of the chromosome substitution method especially in the study of gene dosage and interaction as affecting certain characters.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of stronger neo-minophagen C injection in treatment of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with pregnancy and the newborns and its effect on immune response of hepatitis B vaccine(HBVac) and hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG) in the newborns.METHODS A total of 100 chronic hepatitis B patients with in late pregnancy were collected and randomly divided into two groups: the group A and the group B.The cases in group A were treated with stronger neo-minophagen C injection(the experimental group),while the cases in group B were treated with ademetionine injection(the control group).A course of treatment was four weeks,and the alanine aminatransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and total bilirubin(Tbil)were tested regularly.The neonatal weight and length were measured,and the Apgar score was calculated.HBVac 20μg,10μg,10μg were injected into the neonatal hips anterolateral muscle after the birth of 12 hours,a month and six months correspondently,while the HBIG 200 IU were respectively injected into the neonatal hips anterolateral muscle after the birth of 12 hours and a month.At the age of one,the influence of combined immunization in the newborns were assessed by hepatitis B surface antibody assay.RESULTS There was no statistical difference in the maternal age,gestational weeks,and the neonatal weight,length or apgar score between the two groups.The nomalization of ALT was 82.0% in the experimental group versus 60.0% in the control group(P=0.027),the experimental group was better than the control group,and so was the nomalization of AST(88.0% vs 68.0%,P=0.028).The difference in the pre-treatment level of TBil between the two groups was not statistically significant,and so was the level of TBil after the treatment.The positive rate of the hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb) was 92.0% of the group A and 94.0% of the group B,the difference was not statically significant.The average anti-HBs titer was(553.9±72.35)mIU/ml in the group A and(537.6±53.54)mIU/ml in the group B,the difference was not statistically significant;the combined immunization of the newborns in the two groups was similar.CONCLUSION The stronger neo-minophagen C injection can improve the liver function of the chronic hepatitis B patients with late pregnancy,without the combined immunization of the newborns being affected.


The Anabaptists are generally, and correctly, described as "New Testament Christians." I well remember my one meeting with Harold S. Bender, the dean of Anabaptist/Mennonite studies, in the summer of 1961, at the Mennonite Historical Library in Goshen, Indiana. It was clear to him that the so-called "Anabaptists" of the regime that ruled Miinster in Westphalia from February 1534 to June 1535 were not "true Anabaptists," because, unlike genuine Anabaptists, they gave heavy significance to the texts and precedents of the Old Testament. There was solid ground for the Bender position that sixteenth-century Anabaptists were New Testament Christians. For all Anabaptist groups, to state the obvious, the books of the New Testament were canonical. But none of them took the position of the ancient Marconites, that only the New Testament was inspired.(1) Recent Mennonite scholarship has modified any notion that the southern Anabaptism of Switzerland, south Germany, and Moravia entirely rejected the Old Testament, (2) or the Apocrypha, (3) for that matter. John D. Roth has pointed out that the major early texts of Swiss Anabaptism--including the letter of Conrad Grebel and associates to Thomas Miintzer of September 1524, Felix Mantz's protestation to the Zurich Council of December 1524, and the concordance found in the possession of the Anabaptist preacher Hans Krusi in eastern Switzerland in the early summer of 1525 (a collection that seems to have originated with Conrad Grebe')--all contain references to the Old Testament as well as the New. The notion that the early Swiss Anabaptists rejected the Old Testament originated in the polemics of Ulrich Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger as an inference from the fact that the Anabaptists declined to accept the Reformed theologians' contention that New Testament baptism was a continuance of Old Testament circumcision. Bullinger insisted in 1532 in the preparation for the Zoffingen religious disputation that the Anabaptist disputants must be required at the start to agree that contested points "be decided and clarified with Holy Scripture of the Old Testament and the New Testament." This put the Anabaptists at a disadvantage, because they were more interested in ecclesiastical and ethical issues than in defining the relationship between the Old and New Testaments.(4) The one university-trained theologian on the Anabaptist side in 1525 was Balthasar Hubmaier, the pastor of Waldshut in the Black Forest. His views have traditionally been regarded as unrepresentative of early Swiss Anabaptism, because he did not share the classical view of Anabaptist nonresistance, as expressed in the Seven Articles of Schleitheim of February 1527. However, recently Arnold Snyder has made a very convincing case that there was no consciousness on either side of basic disagreements between Grebel and Hubmaier in 1525.(5) In 2013, Graeme R. Chatfield published a study of Hubmaier's hermeneutics that has very important implications for the early Anabaptist understanding of the relation between the Old and New Testaments. While in Waldshut, Hubmaier's writings focused on the incarnate Christ in such a way as to significantly diminish the weight of the Old Testament. Anticipating the later work of Leupold Scharnschlager and Pilgram Marpeck, Hubmaier held that the Old Testament patriarchs lived in Sheol in hope of salvation by Christ, who would descend to save them as affirmed in the Apostles' Creed. In other words, the Old Testament was authoritative only to the extent that it contained the promise of the incarnate Christ.(6) Such a delineation of the relation between the testaments was greatly elaborated upon in the context of the controversy between Marpeck and Caspar Schwenckfeld in an 836-page text, Explanation of the Testaments (Testamentserletaterting), published in 1547. The Old Testament covenant was that of "yesterday," which contained the promise of the New Testament covenant of "today."(7) When Hubmaier moved to Nikolsburg in Moravia in the summer of 1526 he became the leader of an Anabaptist magisterial Reformation committed to a literal interpretation of the New Testament, including the baptism of adult believers. …


Objective To analyze the pathogen distribution of specimens causing fungal infection in cancer patients after chemotherapy and chemotherapy and the risk factors that induce fungal infection,so as to effectively prevent and control the fungal infection Methods A total of 120 samples of sputum effusion,urine,feces and blood,submitted from Sep 2009 to Agu 2011 were performed the fungal culture and the results of drug susceptibility testing were analyzed.Results Check out a total of 120 cases of patients with 33 strains of fungi,the positive rate was 27.5%,of which Candida albicansis most common,accounting for 78.8%,followed by a smooth read cocci 9.1%.All fungi showed high resistance rate to various antifungal agents such as nystatin,miconazole,itraconazole,Especially for nystatin and miconazole the resistance rates were as high as 15.81% and 12.26%.The resistance rates to itraconazole was 9.32%.Conclusion To rationally use antifungal agents according to the results of drug susceptibility tests,prevent the abuse of antibiotics and control cancer patients caused by needles during the treatment and drug resistance of pathogens can guide the rational application of antibiotics in clinics.


Abstract In this article, a new topology of a distribution static compensator is proposed for power quality improvement in a three-phase four-wire distribution system. A three-leg voltage source converter based distribution static compensator is integrated with a T-connected transformer for the compensation of reactive power for voltage regulation or for power factor correction, along with load balancing, elimination of harmonics currents, and neutral current compensation at the point of common coupling. The T-connected transformer is used for providing a path to the zero-sequence current in a three-phase four-wire distribution system. In order to reduce the voltage rating of the voltage source converter, the T-connected transformer is designed to have secondary windings for integrating the distribution static compensator. This transformer connection provides the selection of an "off-the-shelf" voltage source converter for this application, and it also provides isolation for the voltage source converter system. The kVA rating of the transformers in the T-connected configuration is comparable to that of a similar zig-zag transformer, and there are only two single-phase transformers required in the T-connected configuration. This reduces the complexity and also cost of the distribution static compensator system. The performance of the proposed distribution static compensator system is validated through simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Power System Blockset toolboxes.


It is shown that, since the finite dimensional representations of the super‐rotation algebra are characterized by the superspin j and the parity λ of the representation space, all features of the Racah–Wigner calculus: Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, recoupling coefficients as well as the Wigner and Racah symbols depend on both j and λ. However, it is noticed that the dependence on the parities of the Wigner and Racah symbols can be factorized out into phases so that one can define parity‐independent super S3−j and S6−j symbols. The properties of these symbols are analyzed, in particular, it is shown that the S6−j symbols possess a symmetry similar to the Regge symmetry satisfied by the rotation 6−j symbols. Analytical and numerical tables of the symbols are given for the lowest values of their arguments.


Supramolecular structures were developed by the graphene and carbon quantum dots (GQD and CQD) and poly[benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthothiadiazole] (PBT‐DNT) short/long chains. The pre‐developed quantum dot (QD)/conjugated polymer‐based supramolecules were used as promoting agents of efficacy and stability in the PBT‐DNT:[6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) photovoltaics. Air aging experiments were carried out in 38% humidity at 36°C within the time periods of 0 to 90 days with 1 month intervals. The CQD and GQD nanoparticles and their associated structures by PBT‐DNT long backbone did not conspicuously alter the performance and stability of PBT‐DNT:PC71BM systems. Within 3 months aging, the power conversion efficiencies fell down from 3.81% to 0.18% for CQD/PBT‐DNT long chain and from 4.33% to 0.17% for GQD/PBT‐DNT long chain‐based systems. In contrast, the patterned GQD/PBT‐DNT short chain and CQD/PBT‐DNT short chain supramolecules properly played their roles and reflected the best non‐aged (5.57% (342 Ω cm2) and 4.59% (486 Ω cm2)) and 90‐day aged (2.01% (764 Ω cm2) and 1.00% (835 Ω cm2)) photovoltaics. Shorter backbones had a better chance to be arranged onto the QD nanoparticles. The GQD‐based nano‐hybrids acted better than the CQD‐based ones. It could be assigned to the flat and disc‐like structure of GQDs, which facilitated assembling of the conjugated chains via π stacking.


According to the research results on metallic powder materials used for direct selective laser sintering (DSLS) at China and abroad,the research progresses of three types of metallic powder materials were detailed introduced and the effect of mixed ratio,physical characteristic et al of metallic powder materials on the mechanism of the three types of metallic powder materials was analyzed. Linking to the existing problems on the metallic powder materials,the development direction of the further study on metallic powder materials was discussed.


Taking 201 graduate students from some universities in Anhui and Shaanxi as the research objects, using the method of the questionnaire survey, this paper analyzes the realistic characteristics and influencing factors of the academic competence of graduate students. At the same time, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward from the individual level and the school level, and the corresponding research conclusions are expected to provide the reference for improving the academic ability of graduate students.


Russia leads the list of countries in which most flaring occurs, with an estimated 15-37 BMC of associated petroleum gas (APG) being burned in Siberian oil fields annually. In view of the environmental impact of flaring and ineffective use of energy resource, fees for flaring are being increased from 2012. Significantly increased fines pose a challenge for oil producers, which have focused only on oil production. A number of solutions for utilizing APG are currently used in Russia: processing of APG in gas processing plants, re-injection of gas back into the oil field, and production of heat and power for the needs of the oil industry. These commonly used options for APG utilization are analyzed and discussed in this paper, taking into account the specific features of the Russian oil and gas market and barriers presented by monopolies in the gas export and gas processing industry. Analysis of the utilization options indicates the appropriateness of APG as a fuel for effective power production within Russia's reformed electricity market.


Radio galaxies are intensively discussed as the sources of cosmic rays observed above about 3 EeV, called ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Here, the key issues from a recent investigation are summed up, where the individual characteristics of radio galaxies, as well as the impact by the extragalactic magnetic-field structures up to a distance of 120 Mpc has been taken into account. It is shown that the average contribution of radio galaxies taken over a very large volume cannot explain the observed features of UHECRs measured at Earth. However, we obtain excellent agreement with the spectrum, composition, and arrival-direction distribution of UHECRs measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory, if we assume that most UHECRs observed arise from only two sources: The ultra-luminous radio galaxy Cygnus A, providing a mostly light composition of nuclear species dominating up to about 60 EeV, and the nearest radio galaxy Centaurus A, providing a heavy composition dominating above 60 EeV. Here we have to assume that extragalactic magnetic fields out to 250 Mpc, which we did not include in the simulation, are able to isotropize the UHECR events at about 8 EeV arriving from Cygnus A.


The paper considers the idea of detecting security incidents and anomalies in physical access control systems (PACS) based on combined use of different types of user identification. As an example, an implementation of PACS is considered that performs identification by RFID cards and face recognition. The architecture of such system is introduced. A BPMN diagram for RFID identification of employees by entry and exit to the organization premises is built. A basic data model is proposed for storing information about users, devices, and events. Situations that can be interpreted as anomalous in the considered system are described and classified. The theoretical contribution of the work consists in enhancing the approaches to modeling user behavior in cyber-physical systems, especially in case when this modeling is performed on the basis of heterogeneous data collected from sources of different nature.


Paradoxically, it is precisely where the gap between Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Pascal is widest that Rousseau's interpretation of the Pensees of Pascal proves highly fertile. Philosophically speaking, the self-love is described as that which constitutes the "human self" in Les Pensees morales published by Port-Royal. Pascal deems this concept unjust in itself whereas Rousseau considers it always good; in fact, Rousseau draws upon it so as to reverse its axiological assessment. Read by Rousseau, Pascal is not Fenelon; nor is he Nicole; he must thus be read beyond the distinction between the good amour de soi (self-love) and the bad amour-propre (pride) which is so commonplace among moralists. This, at least, is what Rousseau suggests that we do: by retaining as he does from Pascal's moral thoughts the notion that only self-love can enable one to know oneself. Consequently, only the knowledge of the principle of union which "the love that one owes oneself" can enable one to set the self-love that will constitute the just mode of the self, that is, "the common self."


Abstract Original termination of the detonation nanodiamond (DND) was changed by active chemical media interaction. Oxidation in boiling chloric acid, by hydrogen and chlorination by carbon tetrachloride vapor was applied. FTIR, TGA, and photoluminescence techniques revealed the DND functional termination changing. At hydrogenation treatment monofunctionally of the surface demonstrated. The totality of presented results demonstrates the possibility of substantial and controlled changes in the DND functional properties, for their subsequent use in the self-organization processes, at nanocomposites preparation and for other aims.


Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite globally infecting a wide range of species, including humans. Felids are the only known hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts into ecosystems. In boreal regions, Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) are sought by hunters primarily for their fur, and they are occasionally eaten. We examined carcasses salvaged from trappers from boreal regions of eastern (n = 97) and western (n = 357) Canada. We detected T. gondii antibodies in fluid from thawed heart tissue using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DNA in brain and heart via magnetic capture and real-time PCR assay, and presence of DNA in feces using a real-time PCR with melt curve analysis. We detected antibodies against T. gondii and DNA in tissues in 24% and 19% of lynx, respectively. One lynx was positive for DNA of T. gondii in feces, which could indicate intestinal infection and potential for shedding oocysts. Our results indicate that lynx may be a useful sentinel species for monitoring environmental circulation of T. gondii in northern boreal regions and may pose a risk for transmission to other wildlife and to people handling or consuming lynx.


In this article, we discuss the relation of unsplittable shortest path routing (USPR) to other routing schemes and study the approximability of three USPR network planning problems. Given a digraph D = (V,A) and a set K of directed commodities, an USPR is a set of flow paths P  *(s,t) , (s,t) ∈ K, such that there exists a metric λ = (λa) ∈ Z  +A with respect to which each P  *(s,t) is the unique shortest (s,t)‐path. In the Min‐Con‐USPR problem, we seek an USPR that minimizes the maximum congestion over all arcs. We show that this problem is NP‐hard to approximate within a factor of O(|V|1−ϵ), but polynomially approximable within min(|A|,|K|) in general and within O(1) if the underlying graph is an undirected cycle or a bidirected ring. We also construct examples where the minimum congestion that can be obtained by USPR is a factor of Ω(|V|2) larger than that achievable by unsplittable flow routing or by shortest multipath routing, and a factor of Ω(|V|) larger than that achievable by unsplittable source‐invariant routing. In the CAP‐USPR problem, we seek a minimum cost installation of integer arc capacities that admit an USPR of the given commodities. We prove that this problem is NP‐hard to approximate within 2 − ϵ even in the undirected case, and we devise approximation algorithms for various special cases. The fixed charge network design problem FC‐USPR, where the task is to find a minimum cost subgraph of D whose fixed arc capacities admit an USPR of the commodities, is shown to be NPO‐complete. All three problems are of great practical interest in the planning of telecommunication networks that are based on shortest path routing protocols. Our results indicate that they are harder than the corresponding unsplittable flow or shortest multi‐path routing problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009


Copper accumulating in surface (0–15 cm) soils (red sandy clay loam) of grape growing orchards was fractionated into water soluble plus exchangeable, weakly held on inorganic charge sites, organically bound, occluded by oxide materials and residual form present in mineral structure. The average contents of the respective fractions were 0.96, 3.4, 33.3, 16.5 and 33.6 ppm, constituting 1.3, 4.5, 40.0, 19.7 and 42.7% of the total copper. The levels of total and individual fractions of copper were much higher than those reported for field soils. While the various fractions were mutually related, their contents were governed by pH, organic carbon, clay and oxides of iron and manganese in soils. Stepwise regression analysis showed that water soluble plus exchangeable Cu and that bound to inorganic sites were influenced by pH, organically bound fraction by organic carbon, occluded form by oxides of Mn and residual mineral and total Cu by organic carbon and clay.


The cutting insert comprises a polygonal plate-like insert body (1) having a pair of polygonal surfaces (2) and a plurality of side surfaces (3, 4). The insert body (1) is a reversed symmetrical contact surface (8) is formed with a pair of planes on each polygonal surface (2), these abutment surfaces (8), the insert mounting seat ( and is contactable to the pair of the contact surface formed on the bottom surface (14) of 13) (19). Two virtual extension plane obtained by extending the pair of abutment surfaces (8) intersects the cross-sectional inverted V-shape ridge line (L). Among the side surfaces of the insert body (1), the long side facing the direction of the two directions intersecting edge line (L) extends (3) is to be skilled formed in one wall of the insert mounting seat (15) capable of contacting the contact portion, the contact portion is formed.


Heart diseases have an abundant pact of attention in medical research due to its impact on human health. Heart diseases are amongst the nation's prominent cause of death. Data mining has developed as a vital approach for computing applications in medical informatics. Numerous algorithms connected with data mining have considerably helped to recognise medical data more evidently .In this work, supervised machine learning algorithms namely SVM, KNN and Naive Bayes are used to predict the heart diseases. The machine learning algorithms are implemented using R programming language. The performances of the algorithms are measured in terms of accuracy. The functionality of the algorithms are examined and the outcomes were deliberated.


Tb2Ti2O7: The cubic pyrochlore Quantum spin liquid reveals a sharp metal like to semiconductor transition (MIT) at 600 K, due to the empty 3d orbitals of Ti along with the interactions of O and Tb ions. Electric modulus plot, Nyquist plot and variations in relaxation time confirm the transition which is of second order. A broad change in magnetic moment, evident from the first-order derivative graph of M vs T without any magnetic phase transition is a behaviour typical in this family of compounds. Heat capacity measurements and their mechanism were discussed which supports MIT observed in Tb2Ti2O7, a phenomenon which is seldom observed in an empty d orbital pyrochlores. Metal Insulator Transition in vacant 3d orbital Quantum Spin Liquid: Tb2Ti2O7


The Science and Technology Art Festival has been exhibiting since 2014 the contemporary production of Ibero-American artists and their established and emerging researches from recent years, through a shared curatorial. For each edition of the FACTORS, the curatorial argument has as a challenge a transdisciplinary conception, such as digital art, computer art, art and robotics, art and nature, art and sustainability. The event collaborates to think about the political notion of cultural belonging, local and global, in the field of contemporary art.


An epoxy formulation developed for a photoimaging application was found to exhibit poor clean-out in the developing solvent depending on the lot of one of the base resins. Size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) analysis of the residual material showed it to be a high molecular weight (Mw) fraction of the base resin EpiRez SU-8. The resin was fractionated, and it was demonstrated that removing the high Mw fraction from the formulation enhanced its developability. Lower Mw versions of this resin were evaluated and found to be unsuitable. However, blending one of these resins (EpiRez SU-6) with the SU-8 resulted in a formulation that exhibited excellent developability. Mathematical relationships were calculated that enabled blends to be made, resulting in a defined molecular weight regardless of the lots of resins used.


Abstract The baroclinic instability of a broad zonal flow on the β-plane is studied in the case in which the β-effect renders the flow stable except within a narrow latitude belt where sloping topography reverses the sign of the potential vorticity gradient in the lower of the model's two layers. An exact solution of the problem and simple asymptotic representations of that solution demonstrate that the flow is destabilized by the radiation of Rossby waves into the locally stable far field. The radiation-induced instability persists for all values of the ratio of the width of the locally supercritical region divided by the deformation radius. Even for small values of this ratio, an infinite number of radiating meridional modes are found. The largest growth rate occurs for the gravest mode. The instability has relatively strong growth rates when the potential vorticity is uniform in the far field. We speculate that locally supercritical zones embedded in otherwise homogenized zones of uniform vorticity can...


This paper shows that in the same way that information from social networks has been used to extract certain specific events; for example, the acceptance of a product in the market, political preferences, health events, among others. Similarly, there are investigations, which use this data to detect various malicious events or acts that could put cyberspace at risk. Therefore, this work identify the areas of opportunity that may exist for the development of future research of this type, from the comparison of results obtained by each of these works. Likewise, it demonstrates how natural language processing tools, and deep and


Given the recent hypotheses relating longterm trends in tropical cyclone (TC) activity and global warming, there is a growing need for consistent reanalyses of the historical TC data. The hurricane satellite (HURSAT) data set provides a basis for consistent analysis. The initial version of HURSAT-B1 data provided 3-hourly observations centered on global tropical cyclones with ~8km spatial resolution (Knapp and Kossin, 2007). This data was used to perform a re-analysis of tropical cyclone intensities during 1983-2005 (Kossin et al., 2007). However, more information on tropical storms is available from other satellite instruments. In particular, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) provides finer spatial resolution and the Special Sensing Microwave Imager (SSMI) provides information on atmospheric structure below the cloud top. The characteristics of each data set are summarized in Table 1. All HURSAT data are provided in NetCDF format. This allows users with experience in nearly any programming language to work with the data. The data are stored according to the Climate and Forecasting (CF) netCDF convention, which means that many software (e.g., IDV and GrADS) can read and process the data directly. Additionally, all HURSAT imagery is also provided via Keyhole Markup Language (KML) for viewing with Google Earth.