Engineering educators, researchers, and practitioners have recognized that a capacity for systems thinking is necessary for successful design of large scale, complex engineered systems. While early efforts have been made to classify behaviors, tendencies, and competencies of systems thinkers, there exist little rigorous understanding of the cognitive processes and skills in systems thinking. This paper establishes a connection between the concept of engineering systems thinking and well-studied processes from cognitive psychology. The eventual goal is development of a deeper understanding and a formal methodology for systems thinking. © 2016 Greene and Papalambros.


The impact echo method uses transient stress waves for evaluating subsurface conditions. This method creates a transient stress wave in the object under test by means of mechanical impact, while a suitable transducer detects wave reflections on the surface. Processing of the reflection signals enables deductions to be made concerning the subsurface conditions. Details concerning the design of a high-fidelity piezoelectric transducer specifically constructed to detect impact echoes on a concrete surface are described. Processing and analysis of the surface displacement signals are discussed. Results of preliminary laboratory studies designed to detect voids in various concrete specimens are presented. Cylindrical voids in plates up to 15 in thick have been reliably found using a discrete Fourier transform signal processing method.<<ETX>>


Abstract Single edge notched weld joint specimens were tested at different stress levels to study the long fatigue crack growth behaviour of a ferritic steel (nuclear grade SA333 Grade 6 steel) weld metal at two stress ratios R of 0·1 and – 1. A two slope behaviour was noticed in the crack growth rate versus stress intensity factor range plots at both stress ratios. Different parameters were employed to generalise the load ratio effect on fatigue crack growth rate.


Environmental adaptation is essential for maintaining a building's indoor environmental quality and performance. This paper is focused on heritage regeneration research of the sustainable paradigm of Fujian Tulous in China. These earthen dwellings were built hundreds of years ago and were proven to be conventional green buildings today. However, few researchers have clarified or specified regenerative approaches for Tulous in response to realistic demands and sustainable concerns. Our study surveyed 10 non-world-heritage Tulou cases in Nanjing County, Fujian Province, China. Environmental adaptation in the Tulou archetype was analysed through an intensive review and field investigation to explain how they interacted with local climatic conditions. This article analysed the green effects of building components on five passive design strategies—thermal comfort, solar shading, natural lighting, ventilation, and waterproofing—and then proposed conceptual design strategies based on three aspects: reshaping building envelopes, reorganising spatial layouts, and using innovative construction materials and techniques. The conclusions indicated that, to realise the sustainable generation goals of non-world-heritage Tulous, environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural issues have to be considered, among which environmental adaptation should be a primary approach.


In this paper I show that on closer inspection, implementing a cartographic approach to clausal architecture as a derivational minimalist analysis proves to be problematic. I propose an alternative analysis of the C-domain as a single CP with multiple specifiers; ordered merge operations result from hierarchy-driven handling of the feature hierarchy of C o . Some seeming counterevidence comes from languages in which left-peripheral heads seem to be overtly marked. I present arguments in favour of the view that these markers are not syntactic heads, but affixes on the displaced constituent. Furthermore, I argue that clause-initial complementisers followed by C-material are best analysed as a morphophonological phenomenon at the CP edge. They are dealt with within the framework of Distributed Morphology. Cross-linguistic variation in the phonological realisation of C-markers is accounted for by means of optimisation.


Based on its process and forms, differentiation of flower buds in Cinnanmomum micranthum was divided into 5 stages, i.e. vegetative growth, formation of reproductive growth cone, formation of perianthial promordia, formation of stamen primordia and formatuion of pistil primordia. The whole process of differentiation occurred at axillary buds and lasted about 3 months under the climatic conditions of Mount Nanshan in Chongqing, starting in early February and ending around the end of April.


As already mentioned, the earliest written sources about Baduy music, other than the Old Sundanese manuscripts, date from the beginning of the 19th century. The information in these reports cannot always be taken at facevalue. The angklung (now a set of 9 bamboo idiophones, which are shaken) is mentioned by almost all 19th century visitors to the area: Blume (1993[1822]: 32), Spanoghe (1838: 303), Van Hoëvell (1845: 429), Koorders (Meinsma 1869: 331), Jacobs and Meijer (1891: 24). However, it is not always clear whether the remarks concern the Inner or the Outer Baduy, or even the surrounding Sundanese. For instance, Jacobs and Meijer (1891: 24) report that the Baduy only have angklung and kacapi and that they are not allowed to have other instruments. I presume that these authors refer to the Inner Baduy, but even then this seems to be wrong. Inner Baduy have always had the karinding Jew's harp, and the tarawélét (or taléot) and kumbang flutes as well, as far as we know. Jacobs and Meijer (1891: 24) also mention that the Baduy angklung consists of four instruments and that is very different from the nine instruments that are used nowadays in every ensemble in Kanékés. Without further evidence it seems likely that Jacobs and Meijer made a mistake. These authors classified the pantun stories under 'language and literature' and discussed it in a special section of their book, written by Meijer (Jacobs and Meijer 1891: 111– 175). That the Baduy recite pantun stories that are known in the whole of West Java was also mentioned by several other 19th century authors as will be further explained in Chapter 6 that is based on Van Zanten 2016a (see also Van Zanten 1989: 18– 21; 1993: 144– 148). In his article Van Hoëvell (1845: 411– 427) discusses the sung fourline poems, called susualan or sisindiran in Sunda (and pantun outside Sunda – see Van Zanten 1989: 68– 70). Van Hoëvell presents several verses in Sundanese and Dutch translation. Chapter 7 will discuss some Baduy susualan that I recorded. None of these 19th century authors mention a keromong (gamelan) in the Outer Baduy area, and it may be that this is a relatively recent addition to the Outer Baduy instruments. However, the word goong, currently used for gong and also another word for Sundanese gamelan, is frequently mentioned in the pantun stories and it may stand for the king and/ or the kingdom. In Section 6.5, Table 13, I mention a Baduy pantun text about a gamelan/ goong that is out


Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating and unpredictable gastrointestinal disease with a high mortality rate in premature infants. Currently, no predictive or diagnostic biomarkers exist for NEC. Clinical intervention is reactive to the overt manifestations of disease resulting in high levels of morbidity and mortality. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underpin NEC, we have undertaken a high resolution genome wide epigenomic analysis using solution phase hybridization and next generation DNA sequencing of bisulfite converted DNA. Our data reveal a broad and significant genomic hypermethylation in surgical NEC tissues compared to non-NEC controls. These changes were found to be far more pronounced in regions outside CpG islands and gene regulatory elements, which suggests that NEC-specific hypermethylation is not a non-specific global phenomenon. We identified a number of important biological pathways that are dysregulated in NEC and observed a clear association between NEC methylation changes and gene expression. Significantly, we found that the same patterns of global methylation identified in surgical NEC tissue are also detectable in stool samples from affected infants. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a methylomic signature that is both associated with NEC and detectable non-invasively. These findings point towards a new opportunity for the development of novel screening, diagnostic and phenotyping methods for NEC that could be deployed in the NICU for improved detection of this devastating disease.


— Women require special dietetics and supplements during each reproductive stage of her lives. During pregnancy the mother's nutrition is considered to be an inevitable factor for the development of foetal growth. A combination of Ahara, Vihara, Vichara and Aushadha have been given great significance in Ayurveda during pregnancy called as Garbhini Paricharya. The first trimester of pregnancy is very crucial for a pregnant women. The Masanumasika paricharya explained by acharyas pave a great role in overcoming the physiological symptoms of first trimester pregnancy and also helps in the proper maturation of foetus. Ksheera, Ghrita, Navaneeta, Madhu, Siddha ksheera processed with drugs according to Ayurvedic acharyas has been critically evaluated in detail which ensures healthy progeny through a healthy motherhood


Introduction: The broaden-and-build theory of Fredrickson (2001) suggests that positive emotions broaden the attention, ideas and actions and build the physical, cognitive and social resources. These effect leads to the experience of other positive emotions causing upward spirals that improve the well-being of individuals (Fredrickson, 2001). In this study the broaden-and-build theory will be studied in the daily life of individuals. The focus in this study is on the positive experiences. In the literature are few studies available about this theory and upward spirals in combination with the focus on experiences in the own life of individuals. This study contributes on an easy way of improving the well-being. An app based on the broaden-and-build theory will be used to focus on positive emotions. The app is used, because the use of mobile health applications is worldwide growing through smartphones. An app is a good integrated piece of the life, which will be used in this study. The app will also be studied on persuasiveness under the participants to study in which extent it contributes to the reinforcement, change or shaping of the focus on positive emotions.
Method: In total 53 participants completed the study with an average age of 21 years (SD=2,488). Participants used an intervention, the app Momentum – the Journey, for four weeks that focused on positive experiences. Beforehand a questionnaire was conducted about the well-being (MHC-SF) and positive and negative affect (PANAS). After the use of the app a second questionnaire was conducted about the well-being (MHC-SF), positive and negative affect (PANAS) and the perceived persuasiveness (PPQ).
Results: It appears there is no difference between the well-being, positive emotions and negative emotions before and after using the app. This suggests there is no evidence found for the broaden-and-build theory and upward spirals. In addition, the persuasiveness was high rated on the construct perceive effort and low rated on the construct dialogue support and use continuance by the participants. The remaining constructs were average rated. This suggests that there is not enough evidence for the persuasiveness of the app on the different constructs.
Conclusion: The broaden-effect, build-effect and upward spirals did not occur in this study. Because the use of the app did not lead to the advance of positive emotions. The broaden-and-build theory of Fredrickson (2001) is not supported in this study. Using the app is effortless (perceived effort), but the app appears not to encourage (dialogue support). As a result, the participants are less prepared to use the app (use continuance). Further study with an app that also focuses on the causal explanation of positive emotions such as the 'three good things' with a persuasive system design is needed to explore the relation of the broaden-and-build theory and upward spirals in the daily life.


This paper introduces the conception of asset,threat and vulnerability which are the three factors of risk in electric power commcuication network.The relationship between the three factors and riskis expatiated,and how to calculate the risk value by the three factors is expained.For an external risk calculate result,it analyses several risk calculate methods of existing and gives their advantages and shortcomings.In the process of risk calculation,this paper takes the relation of the three factors of risk into account,proposes an improved risk calculation method of electric power commcuication network,and test its effectiveness with examples.This model applyied agility,it can be used in single factor risk caculate and integrated factors risk calculation.


The tropics and the subtropics are home to numerous and widely distributed islands, that often closely follow patterns of volcanoes and coral reefs. However, there are also islands which consist of not volcanic rocks but of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks, such as the Amami and Ryukyu Islands. Coral reefs have developed on igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in these tropical and subtropical islands. Moreover, in the large islands, wide alluvial plains have developed and formed numerous terraces as a result of variations in sea level and upheavals in the Pleistocene. The climate of the tropical and subtropical islands is generally characterized by high temperatures and high humidity. However, there are numerous islands that are influenced by monsoons, which have different directions in summer and winter, and with severe dry seasons. Since the climate is not uniform, in addition to variations in geology and topography, the soils are more varied. These different soils arid climates have a major influence on local agricultural practices, and have led to various different farming systems. I describe here the various soils, agriculture and soil management measures for ordinary upland cultivation in the Amami and the Ryukyu (Okinawa) Islands and the Philippine Islands, which are characteristic tropical and subtropical islands.


Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in eight patients with brain abscess (BA). The aim of this study was to see the difference in the relationship between intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) expression and DTI metrics measured in vivo in the wall and cavity of BA and its possible explanation vis‐à‐vis histology and immunohistochemistry. Neuroinflammatory molecules (NMs) were quantified from BA cavity aspirate of the patients and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed for ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1 in the BA wall, showing maximal positive staining and correlated with DTI metrics. The fractional anisotropy (FA) significantly increased while mean diffusivity and spherical anisotropy significantly decreased in the BA wall compared to the BA cavity. In the BA wall, FA and linear anisotropy (CL) showed a significant positive correlation with ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1 expression whereas FA and planar anisotropy positively correlated with NMs quantified from aspirated pus respectively. Higher FA values in the BA wall compared to BA cavity, even when ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1 were expressed only in the macrophages and not in the collagen fibers, suggests that a combination of both concentric layers of collagen fibers as well as neutrophils and macrophages provide structural orientation and are responsible for increased FA. In the BA wall, increased CL was found compared to the cavity, indicating the presence of concentrically laid collagen fibers responsible for the diffusion of water molecules in the direction parallel to the collagen fibers. We conclude that in the BA, different mechanisms are operative for the changes in the DTI metrics in the wall and cavity; these conclusions are validated by histology and immunohistochemistry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The Qur'an is the perfect medicine and antidote for all diseases of the heart and body, as well as the diseases of this world and the hereafter. But not everyone is able and has the ability to do healing with the Koran. If the healing treatment is carried out properly for the disease based on trust and faith, full acceptance, definite belief, and fulfilled the conditions, then no single disease can fight it. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Ruqyah Syar'iyyah Alternative Medicine in Gowa Regency.
The type of research used by the researcher is qualitative research. This research was conducted by the Heart Rehab Foundation of Gowa Regency. The approach used is a psychological approach, guidance and da'wah. The instrument used was an interview guide that was conducted by the researcher directly. Deductive to inductive data analysis. The result of the research is that the community can carry out the implementation of Ruqyah Syar'iyyah Alternative Medicine independently at home. The stages of implementing rugyah are in addition to rugyah the patient is given an understanding of getting closer to the Koran and delivering material about tazkiyyah an-nafs. The technique of implementing syar'iyyah ruqyah treatment carried out by the Heart Rehab Foundation in Gowa Regency, namely through the preparation stage, the implementation stage of ruqyah, the practices of care after ruqyah and consumption of sunnah herbal medicines.


A methodology is presented which couples expert systems to neural networks for the purpose of monitoring and diagnostics of large complex systems such as nuclear power plants. In order to provide timely, concise and task-specific information about the many aspects of the system's processes and to determine the state of the system based on the interpretation of potentially noisy data a model-referenced approach is utilized. In it a rule-based system performs the basic interpretation and processing of the data using heuristic reasoning. Having access to a set of pretrained neural networks that typify general classes of the system's state the expert system is able to perform diagnostic functions. It compares on-line data from the plant's sensors to the results of neural computations. This allows the diagnostic function to be performed with a speed comparable to that of the temporal evolution of the system. Hence corrective action can be taken by an operator. The set of pretrained neural networks provide implicitly a generalized model of the system which includes normal and off-normal states. Neural Networks are trained either by actual data or by data produced by a simulator. Coupling them to a rule-based system is a way of taking advantage of the best features of both. The speed and pattern recognition capabilities of the pretrained neural networks and the reasoning and interpretative power of symbolic computations. Information granules are used as the basic propositions that constitute the power plant's description in the knowledge-base of the expert system. They have the canonical form g = X is G is X, where X is a random variable described by a probability density function, G is a qualification or elastic constraint on the values of X; and X is a qualification of the proposition "X is G". This formulation encompasses two types of data: Data referring to observables or measured quantities from the system's sensors and calculated data coming from models of the plant such as from pretrained neural nets. Both the expert system and the neural networks are implemented in C and run in a VAX cluster.


Sexual violence (sexual injustice, incestuous acts, prostitution, etc.) are habitual phenomena recognized and tolerated by social agents. This article attempts to find answers to the problem of children suffering from sexual injustice in Misiones, Argentina due to the concealment of situations where abuse is perpetrated by the policy of social agencies. Social workers develop procedures within a social space created by their own regulations. This "habitus" is a de facto social area constructed by the inadequate interpretation of regulations by social agencies. Analysis of a delinquent tolerance toward sexual injustice due to these faulty constructs attempts to reveal the causes of the obviously inadequate response. Elitist attitudes prevalent in the interpretation of state legislation in regard to situations involving social violence need to be altered. Argentina has included the International Convention on the Rights of Children in the national constitution. However, the authorities do not act in accordance with the principals of these laws. (Law 3820, a state law for the protection of children) has become for all purposes dead letter. Data on informal interviews between government officials and social workers is included in this study which reveals official delinquency, deliberate concealment and negation of existing sexual violations. The conclusions offer means to bring this issue onto the agenda in the interests of social justice.


1 We have cloned, sequenced, and expressed the gene encQding a pyrophosphate (PPi)Jdepenclentphosphofructokinase (PFK) (EC 18.104.22.168), designated PgPFK, frorn Poipt)lop,romonas gingivalis 381. The PgPFK gene consisted of 1 ,650 bp which coded for a protein of 550 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 61,044 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of l'gPFK exhibited a significant similarity to the 62 kDa PPi-PFKs from Bonelia burgdoderi and 7)fiepone,na Pallidum PFKfi-subunit. Most of the amino acid residues shown or assumed to be involved in substrate binding in other PPi-PFKs were conserved in PgPFK, Recombinant PgPFK was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The purified enzyrne was found to be enzymatically active when it was expressed in Eschen'chia coli and was not regulated by classical effectors of ATP-dependent PFKs (ATP-PFKs) (EC 126.96.36.199) such as ATP, ADP, or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate like the known PPi-PFKs, Reverse transcriptase polyrnerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the PgPFK gene was expressed in P, gingivalis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the long sequence type grQup ef PPiPFKs inc!uding PgPFK formed a coherent cluster like the ATP-PFK family. These results suggest that PgPFK is one of the most typical of PPi-PFK functioning in R gr'ngivalis, MoreQver, it seems that this organism might not have any fructese 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). From these results we propose that PgPFK serves as a FBPase in the gluconeogenic direction.


This dissertation is intended to unite the concerns of business history and labor history. Even though labor and management could not exist without the other, scholars in these subfields seldom venture onto each other's tuxf. Heavily influenced by the structuxal-functionalist pproach of Alfred Chandler, business historians tend to treat workers as if they were invisible or at least just another factor in production. It is outside their realm of concern, as Chandler himself readily admits [Chandler, 1988, p. 451]. The study of labor history once had a tradition of focusing on employer-employee relations, but since the 1960s its pracfioners have primarily concentrated on local studies of working-class community and culture. When hbor historians consider employers in any depth, they tend to treat them as single-minded profit-maximizers, out to squeeze every penny from worker's paychecks so as to line their own pockets. It is this monolithic depiction of business and business leaders in most American labor history that got me interested in the mechanics of business decision making, specifically labor policies. I wanted to study why American employers have fought unions so fiercely over the years. I chose the steel industry as an example of this phenomenon because it was the most anti-union industry I knew of at the time I selected my dissertation topic. The men who ran the American steel industry at the turn of the century had a particular worldview that greatly affected the way they managed thefix workers and made them especially hostile to organized labor. My work portrays labor policy decisions in the steel industry as being influenced by a combination of both economic and cultural factors. I do not intend to suggest that culture was more important han economics in business decision-making, although sometimes steelmakers implemented labor policies which appear economically irrational in hindsight. My primary argument is that in a marketplace in which perfect information about any decision was unobtainable, culture influenced the choice of which seemingly rational labor policy decision a company might make.


By exploiting different sources for both reagents, the state-specific excitation function was deduced for the title reaction for the first time. It was found that for reactions with the ground state Cl(2P3/2) atom, the rotation of the H2 reagent has little effect on reactivity at low collision energies, but plays a beneficial role in promoting the reaction at higher Ec's; in contrast to a recent QCT prediction on the G3 surface. Evidence was presented for non-negligible reactivity from the spin-orbit excited Cl*(2P1/2) atom. The ratio of the cross sections for a rotating H2 to a nonrotating one appears to be larger for reaction with the ground state Cl than with the excited Cl*, σ(j>0)/σ(j=0)>σ*(j>0)/σ*(j=0).


Water quality deterioration of Tunggak River is the impact of rapid industrialization at Gebeng, Malaysia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality of the river using the application of WQI. To achieve the objectives 180 water samples were collected and comprehensive physicochemical analysis was done using APHA & HACH standard methods of analysis. The WQI was calculated using DOE-WQI based on the concentration of DO, BOD, COD, SS, pH and NH3-N. Results showed the sequence of monitoring stations 7<5<3<2<6<4<8<10<1<9 based on WQI value; where the first 7 (mid-stream) stations were categorized as class IV
(highly polluted) and the last 3 were classified as class III (polluted). It was mainly because of low concentration of DO and high concentration of BOD, COD and NH3-N in the mid-stream due to the industrial activities. According to the INWQS, Malaysia water of the river cannot be used except irrigation.


(1) Background: Empathetic communicative skills are the first step in establishing a good therapeutic relationship. The purpose of this study is to understand the effectiveness of improving the empathetic communicative skills applied to obtain accurate and precise information from patients via compound stimulus-drama in education. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional, one-group, pre- and post-test design was used for this study. In the two-day workshop, four clinical physiotherapists acted as tutors for the "Compound Stimulus-Drama in Education" module and assessed students' performances. The Standard Patient Rating Scale (SPRS), Objective Structured Clinical Examination Scale (OSCES), Professional and Communication Self-Assessment Scale (PCSS), Patients' Information (PI), and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) were used to assess the students' empathy scores and communication skills, before and after the course. (3) Results: Fifty-seven students participated in this study. The results showed that there were significant improvements in the SPRS, OSCES, PCSS, PI, and JSE (p < 0.05). Both the quantitative data and the participants' reflection feedback suggest that this novel module was more helpful than traditional clinical practice courses for improving clinical empathy communication skills. (4) Conclusions: This study provided an innovative teaching model and assessment tools for learning clinic empathetic communicative skills in future education training.


It has long been argued that tenants tend to overexploit land, but this conventional wisdom has been derived largely without consideration of landlords' actions. We examine what happens when landlords can invest in durable conservation measures in addition to choosing rental contract terms. When tenants are risk neutral, landlords overinvest in conservation under cash rental contracts but can achieve first best levels of output and protection against land degradation when conservation investment is combined with share rental. When tenants are risk averse, the first best is unattainable. In this case, conservation investment combined with share rental results in output levels below the first best, while equilibrium conservation investment may be greater or less than the first best. These results suggest that contract form and conservation investments are likely made simultaneously, so that econometric studies of conservation practice adoption that treat rental status as exogenous are likely subject to bias. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.


In its early days, the biotech industry was almost entirely science driven, but it has since expanded from a laboratory environment to a sophisticated and dynamic manufacturing environment. As technological discoveries are increasingly translated into commercial products, biotech companies are realizing that they must generate a stronger return on assets.


Collisionless flows expanding into a vacuum from a circular slit are investigated using the gaskinetic theory. Both accurate and approximate expressions to the plume fields along a centerline and a constant radius are obtained, including the density, velocity components, and translational temperature. Special non-dimensional parameters such as the exit semi-opening angle, gas speed ratio at the exit, and positions are included in these expressions. Particle simulations with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method are performed to validate the above results. These expressions are complex and may need computers for evaluations, however, the cost is minor when compared to particle simulations. With the assumptions of a high or low exit speed ratio and small exit angle, simple explicit expressions for properties along the centerline and a constant radius are obtained. The investigations also find out that the cosine law relations can provide fast and crude estimations, but it is not recommended to use the cosine law relation to compute collisionless plume flowfields with a large exit speed.


A study of the development models and shapes of aircrafts component that undergo refinement process over time, must go through the analysis phase. The analysis can be solved by computation method which is supported by the development of numerical method. One important component of aircraft is airfoil. Airfoil is a part that influences the lifting force on the wing of the aircraft. Therefore, in this study should be conducted a study of three different forms of airfoil, about the behaviour of the fluid flow around it, numerically. The approach to fluid flow behaviour can be done using the Navier-Stokes equation. The airflow velocity around the airfoil is the fluid flow behaviour to be analysed, so the numerical solution can be obtained through Finite Element Method (FEM), then it is simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a software. Thus, the simulation results will show the interrelations between the angle of attack (α) which varies with the maximum velocity distribution on each airfoil surface, and can be seen the most stable maximum velocity distribution among the three airfoil forms.


It has for some time been apparent that there is little consistency of approach in the United Kingdom to the question of low level outlet capacity or valve arrangements. The author suggests a new formula for low level outlet capacity for higher category earthfill dams in the United Kingdom which may also be of use for small reservoirs with earthfill dams overseas. The question of fitting upstream valves and/or lining of pipes is also discussed.


Elephantopus scaber is a common used of herbal tea in Taiwan and also an ingredient of Kwanton cooling tea. Traditionally it also is used as folk medicine for cooling, detoxicification, secretion and has been used for the treatment of urocystitis, hepatitis and leukemia. It has been reported that Elephatopus scaber extracts can protect liver from damage of CCl4 (Lin et al., 1991; Rajesh et al., 2001). Pharmacological research has shown that some anti-tumor compounds have been isolated from Elephantopus scaber (Hayashi et al., 1999; Haruna et al., 1985; Kupchan et al., 1969; Lee et. al, 1975A; Lee et. al, 1975B). Elephantopus scaber have potential to isolate hepaprotective compound. We have isolated the fractions from Elephantopus scaber that have the function for free radical scaveging and detoxification by tracing NAD (P) H: quinine oxidoredutase-1 (NQO-1)) activity. Structures of nature compounds were identified by NMR. In this study we have identified fraction 1 and fraction 7 with the activity to activate NQO1 enzyme. Isodeoxyelephantopin, deoxyelephantopin, isoscabertopin, scabertopin were isolated and determined as the major and exclusive nature compounds from Elephantopus scaber. 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, pcoumaric acid, protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid also be isolated as index compounds.


A detailed procedure for the quantitation of human plasma kallikrein, using the synthetic substrate α-N-Benzoyl-L-Proline-L-Phenylalanine-L-Arginine-P-Nitroana-lide (PPAN) is described. Several activators were tested: (a) water soluble dextran sulfate, (b) kaolin, (c) ellagic acid, (d) acetone. The activations were carried out at 0°C and at 25°C. Best results were obtained with dextran sulfate, a high plasma di lution (1:162) and at 0°C. The low temperature and high plasma dilution minimized the effect of inhibitors (C1 inactivator) on the generated kallikrein. The assay is specific in that Factor XII and Cl s do not hydrolyze the substrate, and although plasmin does, under the conditions described, insignificant amounts of plasmin are generated. This is supported by the absence of activity in Fletcher trait plasma (with a normal plasminogen level). A survey


Foundation trusts (FTs), as part of healthcare decentralisation reforms, enjoy considerable financial and governance autonomy. This study aimed to better understand how the trusts balanced the quality, volume and costs of medical services to achieve the best performance by examining the gross association between selected performance measures. It also examined whether actual FT performance was in line with the assumption that implementation of clinical governance measures would lead to improved results. From a sample of 55 trusts, we found a significant positive correlation between the quality and volume of care, as well as between quality and trust financial performance. Better quality of care was associated with higher volumes of services and better financial performance. However, the actual number of high performing trusts in the sample did not differ significantly from the chance predicted number.


The Litopterna is a group of endemic South America ungulates that lived from Late Paleocene (Itaboraiense) to Late Pleistocene (Lujanense). The order is divided in two large groups based on dental features: the Bunolipterna, in which the Protolipternidae is placed, is composed by taxa with primitive bunodont teeth; and the Lopholipterna, grouping taxa with derived lophodont teeth. In both the postcranial morphology is derived and uniform since the early forms. The Itaborai Basin, located at Sao Jose district, Itaborai city, Rio de Janeiro state, is filled with different kinds of limestones, cut vertically by fissure fill deposits, where most of the fossils were collected. Protolipterna ellipsodontoides was described in 1983 based on dental features, but later postcranial bones were associated to this species. The main goal of this article is to infer the foot posture of P. ellipsodontoides. The material studied consists of femora, astragali, calcanea and metatarsals III, comprising 165 bones. All fossils were deposited in the fossil mammal collection of Departamento Nacional da Producao Mineral, in Rio de Janeiro state, Brasil. The methodology employed consisted of 15 linear and curvilinear measurements, which were submitted to a multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis -PCA and Discriminant Function Analysis -DFA). The results suggested a digitigrade posture to P. ellipsodontoides. Other morphological features of the skeleton, associated with a digitigrades posture, are suggestive of a cursorial locomotion, but with probable saltatory habits.


The invention relates to a ballastless track structure, which aims at effectively meeting the requirements of a high-speed railway on the smoothness and the comfort of the ballastless track, facilitating the construction of track slabs, reducing the maintenance and repair of the track structure and prolonging the service life of the track structure. The ballastless track structure comprises a bearing layer (10), track slabs (20) lengthwise paved along a line and an adjustment layer positioned between the bearing layer (10) and the track slabs (20), wherein the adjustment layer is a self-compact concrete layer (30), the track slabs (20) and the self-compact concrete layer (30) are connected into a whole by connecting members, and the bearing layer (10) is provided with a spacing structure acting on the self-compact concrete layer (30).


A method of obtaining information about a communications network comprises: placing at least one network testing device in a coverage area of the network; downloading call criteria to the or each network testing device; determining, in the or each network testing device, based on the downloaded criteria, when calls should be made over the network; initiating the calls over the network; measuring a network quality parameter during the calls; measuring a position of the network testing device at a time of each of the network quality parameter measurements; and transferring the measured network quality parameters and the measured positions to a central data store.


Background and Aim: To investigate the frequencies, numbers and function of circulating dendritic cell (DC) subsets in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we assayed the circulating precursor DC subsets (including pDC1 and pDC2) and their ability in patients at various stages of HBV infection in vitro.


For virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) to become effective learning modalities, they must be considered in the context of experiential or constructivist learning which could disrupt traditional instructional and educational practices given their interactive quality. How might educators assess these applications and their implementation to determine their learning potential for online instruction? By applying the studio thinking framework (STF) and the presence pedagogy (P2) model, unique insights may be gained in terms of virtual reality's value to the learning process. Current research shows many similarities between the skills taught in studio art classes and opportunities to learn the same skills in virtual educational applications, while the P2 model has demonstrated its effectiveness in applying pedagogical strategies to collaborative VR environments. Tactics to prepare, apply, assess, and evaluate (PAAE) this technology in educational programs for teachers and school leaders provide a guide for implementation.


Volatile profiles and hydrolytic enzyme production by one non‐mycotoxigenic and three mycotoxigenic strains of Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, grown in vitro for up to 96 h on a grain medium at 25 °C/0·95 water activity, were examined for differentiation of isolates. After spore lawn inoculation, measurements were made after 48, 72 and 96 h by sampling the head space above cultures with an electronic nose system using a 14 sensor surface polymer array, and by extraction and quantification of hydrolytic enzymes. There was good reproducibility of volatile patterns between replicates of the same treatment. Principal component analysis indicated that discrimination could be achieved between the uninoculated controls, the non‐mycotoxigenic strain and the mycotoxin‐producing strains for both species after 48 h. The total and specific activity of three out of seven enzymes (β‐d‐glucosidase, α‐d‐galactosidase and N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase) were found to increase significantly in the non‐mycotoxigenic when compared with the toxigenic strains of both species after 72 h. Activities of the others (β‐d‐fucosidase, α‐d‐mannosidase, β‐d‐xylosidase and N‐acetyl‐α‐d‐glucosaminidase) were not significantly different between strains. The study has shown for the first time that it is possible to differentiate between mycotoxigenic and non‐mycotoxigenic strains of such spoilage fungi based on their volatile production patterns using an electronic nose system. These results have significance in the development of methods for the early detection of toxin‐producing spoilage moulds in the food industry.


In samples of employees from two firms, women are segregated in low-pay occupations and therefore receive lower returns on their (similar) educational qualifications than men. In the primary-sector, capital-intensive, unionized firm, all wages are much higher. In the secondary-sector firm, rewarding qualifications and experience at the rates found in the primary firm would increase earnings (including fringe benefits) by about 80%, much more than the usual firm-size or industry differential.


Let G  be a graph with | V ( G )| vertices and ψ :  V ( G ) → {1, 2, 3, ... , | V ( G )|} be a bijective function. The weight of a vertex v  ∈  V ( G ) under ψ is w ψ ( v ) = ∑ u  ∈  N ( v ) ψ( u ).  The function ψ is called a distance magic labeling of G , if w ψ ( v ) is a constant for every v  ∈  V ( G ).  The function ψ is called  an ( a,d )-distance antimagic labeling of G , if the set of vertex weights is a , a + d , a +2 d , ... , a +(| V ( G )|-1) d . A graph that admits a distance magic (resp. an ( a,d )-distance antimagic) labeling is called  distance magic (resp.  ( a,d )-distance antimagic).  In this paper, we characterize distance magic 2-regular graphs and ( a,d )-distance antimagic some classes of 2-regular graphs.


This study aimed to identify the science concepts in the dyeing process of Ulos woven fabrics that will be used as a science learning resource for junior high schools. An ethnoscience study by exploring the original science contained in a community group based on scientific science. This study used a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach through the process of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The location of research was carried out at the Ulos Batak By Gallery at Manjunjung Hutabarat, Jl. Major General. Y Samosir No, 76, Partalijulu Village, Tarutung District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The instruments used were observation sheets, interview guidelines, and questionnaires. Collecting data through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. To test the validity of the data using triangulation techniques (source, technique, and time). Based on the results of the study, it is known that the natural dyeing process in the manufacture of Ulos fabric includes the preparation of materials (plants), the plant processing stage, the dissolving stage of natural dyes, the dyeing stage, the drying stage, the fixation stage, the washing stage, and the final drying stage. The science concepts in the curriculum 2013 are in accordance with the process of coloring Ulos cloth, and namely plant classification, solid pressure, heat transfer, physical changes, energy in living systems, separation of mixtures, boiling points, temperatures and their changes, chemical changes, elements, compounds, mixtures. It can be concluded that the manufacture of Ulos woven fabric in this study is a learning resource that can integrate learning materials in various fields of science fabrics (physics, biology).


According to a three-satellite constellation distributed parallel test system, aiming at the characteristics of respective test phases of three satellites, prior three sets of test equipment for completing ground electrical support equipment architecture for three-satellite are integrated to form an integral test system with a plurality of links and a plurality of channels through the measurements that centralized control on networks is unified and distribution enforcement modes of various equipment is unified. A ''main-sub network architecture'' mode is employed, the centralized control function of main nodes is guaranteed, dynamic management and distribution are carried out for sub-nodes, sub-nodes can join in or withdraw from the integral test system according to satellite states and test phases, and thereby four test modes are formed as following: three-satellite synchronization parallel test, constellation linked test, three-satellite asynchronous allopatry test and three-satellite distributed parallel thermal test. According to the test system provided in the utility model, reasonable configuration and dynamic scheduling of test resources are realized, the test flow is optimized, the test efficiency is raised, and the test quality is enhanced.


Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on blends of the new low band gap donor–acceptor copolymer, poly(N-(dodecyl)-3,6-bis(4-dodecyloxythiophen-2-yl)phthalimide) (PhBT12), and fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were systematically investigated. The PhBT12/fullerene blend films were found to exhibit a crystalline nanoscale morphology with space-charge-limited mobility of holes as high as 4.0 × 10−4 cm2/Vs without thermal annealing, leading to moderately efficient devices. The performance of the solar cells varied significantly with PhBT12/fullerene composition, reaching a power conversion efficiency of 2.0% with a current density of 6.43 mA/cm2 and a fill factor of 0.55 for the 1:1 PhBT12/PC71BM blend devices. However, thermally annealed (120 °C) PhBT12/fullerene blend devices had negligible photovoltaic properties due to micrometer scale phase separation of the blends which is attributed to the long side chains. We expect that better photovoltaic performance can be achieved by modifying the polymer side chain length and the device processing as well. These results show that phthalimide-based donor–acceptor copolymer semiconductors, exemplified by PhBT12, are promising low band gap materials for developing efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells.


Summary Airgun arrays are a standard marine seismic source. These arrays typically have a large number of individual airguns that are activated simultaneously. Allowing the activation times of individual airguns within an array to vary over an extended time period allows a greater flexibility in their use. This distribution of the activation times over time may create notches in the source signal spectra, but the sparse inversion method proposed here can restore these notches in the spectra by using information from nearby traces. If several patterns of individual airgun initiation times that do not share the same spectral zeros are used, the signal generated by a conventional source may be reconstructed with a high degree of accuracy. This method offers a significant operational advantage over other alternatives in that it uses existing equipment with minor modifications to distribute the individual airgun activation times. Among the advantages of this method is the possibility of reducing the peak amplitudes of airgun sources. In the modeled example shown here, the peak amplitude of the output signal is reduced by a factor of 10. This method may be used not only for airguns but also for other types of land and marine seismic sources. Even for airguns, the need for impulsive sources is eliminated (Ziolkowski, 1982) as long as other nearby shots contain all the desired frequencies that may be weak or missing in any one shot. This technique also allows modifications to present airgun designs and the incorporation of other seismic sources into seismic surveys to fashion source configurations that are more efficient and of better quality than present sources allow.


Nanostructured colloids are materials with at least one dimension in the nanometer range (<100 nm). Such materials find multiple and exciting applications in various areas of food science, and can lead to development of new and innovative food products and ingredients. Nanostructured colloids can be naturally present in food or they can be synthetically manufactured and added during different stages of food production and packaging. The building blocks of nanostructures in food consist of organic molecules (proteins, lipids, saccharides), inorganics (metal and metal oxides, carbon-based materials, clays) and com- bined organic and inorganic compounds. Some examples of nanostructured colloids naturally occurring in food include fat globules in homogenized milk, casein micelles, β lactoglobulin fibers in milk. Synthetically manufactured colloids (artificial and engineered) include nanoemulsions, nanomicelles, nanocapsules, nanofoams, nanoliposomes, nanogels, nanofibers, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Synthetically manufactured nanostructures are normally added in food to enhance solubility, improve bioavailability, protect the biolog-ically active compounds from degradation, increase the shelf life, color, flavor, and add nutritional value. Exciting fields of applications of nanostructured colloids in food science comprise: functional food ingredients, food additives, food supplements, food packaging and nanosensors. vitamins,


Nearly all the work in multiuser detection for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-DCMA) assumes that the active channels are known. Previous attempts to solve the active channel detection problem assume short codes and use subspace methods that treat the multiple access interference (MAI) as noise. We consider forward link IS-95 asynchronous long code multiuser receivers and design an active channel detector that estimates the MAI as an intermediate step. The resulting algorithm subsumes multiuser detection in that we estimate symbols, amplitudes, and active channels jointly. The detector iteratively estimates and removes the MAI using an approach combining order statistics and constant false alarm rate thresholds on mixture densities. The performance of the new detector is compared to a conventional active channel detector which uses only the matched filter sufficient statistic. The new detector provides much higher probability of detection as a function of both capacity (number of active users) and SNR for cases of uniform and geometric power distributions. The new detector is shown to achieve nearly perfect probability of detection even in the near-far case with a moderately loaded system and just a few symbols.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of spiral CT enhancement scan and ultrasound in differential diagnosis of benign or malignant polypoid lesions of gallbladder.Methods Comparative study of the 18 patients whose imaging findings and pathology results had been recognized as polypoid lesion of gallbladder with the above techniques.The scope included benign lesion(cholesterol polypus,inflammatory polypus,thick-wall cholecystitis,adenomyomatosis of gallbladder,adenoma of gallbladder tumor) and malignant change(adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder,carcinoma of gallbladder).Results Among 18 cases of polypoid lesions of gallbladder,malignant accounted for 7 cases,benign accounted for 11 cases.Enhanced spiral CT scan diagnosis of malignant lesions of gallbladder had 6 cases,with qualitative accuracy of 85.71%(6/7).Ultrasound diagnosis of malignant lesions of gallbladder had 5 cases,with qualitative accuracy of 71.43%(5/7).Among 11 cases of benign lesions,7 cases' spiral CT enhancement scan and pathological diagnosis were consistent,with accuracy of 63.64%(7/11),while 10 cases' ultrasound examination and pathological diagnosis were consistent,with accuracy of 90.91%(10/11).Conclusion Spiral CT enhancement scan is advantagous in diagnosing malignant lesions of gallbladder and better than ultrasound diagnosis,neither of which can categorize the histologic type of malignant changes.However,ultrasound diagnosis is superior to spiral CT enhancement scan in distinguishing benign lesion of polypoid lesions of gallbladder,contributing more on diagnosis of cholesterol polypus.


A recent documentary showed the media and politicians gunning for hardworking, stretched professionals. They may have made mistakes, but they didn't kill Peter Connelly, writes Emma Parish


The present invention, the vehicle (12), particularly effective lane marker (38 from 42; 56, 58) using a camera system (16) of a road vehicle to a method and apparatus for determining the. Several images by the image of the front region of the vehicle (12) (30,54,66) includes a camera system (16) of the camera are captured continuously using a (17) The individual images as a series of images ( image data matching the 30,54,66) is made. At least a portion of the image data of the image (30,54,66) of the series of images are processed, and at least one first lane marker (38, 40), different one from the first lane marker second lane marker (56, 58) are detected at least one image of the sequence of images. Vehicle traveling ahead of the vehicle (12) (34) is detected at least two successive captured image (30, 54), relative its position in the first lane marker (36 from 42) (P1 relative its position P4) and the second lane marker (56, 58) (P1 from P4) is determined from. Depending on the image (P4 from P1) position of the front running vehicle which is determined using (30, 54) (34), the detected lane marker (36 from 42; 56, 58) one of It is selected as an active lane marker (56, 58). .Field


Various ornaments of Indonesia come from the ethnic groups from all over the archipelago. Ornament is a tangible culture which has specific meaning and purposes. Its meaning does not change throughout the ages. Betawi culture has become cultural roots for most people in Jakarta which also as the capital city of Indonesia. Betawi culture is seen in a wide variety of dance, batik, decorative ornaments, and culinary. Betawi ornament can also be seen in the architecture and public areas since the geometrical shape is very easy to apply as interior element. The application of Betawi ornaments in a restaurant interior represents the idea of dining area in Betawi house. The study of Betawi ornaments was conducted by documentation of decorative elements in a restaurant as a public space. Objective of this research is to preserve various ornaments of Betawi culture. So that, the data can be valuable as an inspiration for designing restaurant interior with Betawi style. Generally, value of the ornaments has specific purposes related to Betawi's cultural and social customs. Therefore, the application needs to consider more about the purpose of the symbol of the ornament.


Electricity industry is a natural monopoly industry to some extent which cause information asymmetry between regulator and regulated enterprise.By studying the current electricity industry regulations electricity industry regulatory institutions,and especially historically reviewing the past,it applies the model of regulation on the condition of asymmetric information to analyze China electricity industry regulation,which may be good reference to the reform of Chinese electricity industry.


properly with psychophysics, the hundred-year-old discipline con cerned with the responses that organisms make to the energies of the environment. We live in a restless world of energetic forces, some of which affect us and some of which, like radio waves, impinge upon us and pass unnoticed because we have no sense organs able to transduce them. But we see lights, hear sounds, taste substances, and smell vapors; and it is these elementary facts of psychophysics that stir our interest in the anatomy and physiology of the mechanisms that make sensation possible. An orderly and systematic account of sensory communication must include a delineation of what is perceived as well as an explanation of how perception is accomplished. In this sense, psychophysics defines the challenge : it tells what the organism can do and it asks those who are inspired by such mysteries to try, with scalpel, electrode, and test tube, to advance our understanding of how such wonders are performed. It must be confessed at the outset that psychophysics has often failed to do its part of the job with distinction. Its task is not easy. For one thing, long-standing prejudices, derived in great measure from a chronic dualistic metaphysics, have triggered a variety of stubborn objections whenever it has been proposed that sensation may be amenable to orderly and quantitative investigation. You cannot, the objectors complain, measure the inner, private, subjective strength of a sensation. Perhaps not, in the sense the objectors have in mind, but in a different and very useful sense the strength of a sensation can, as we shall see, be fruitfully quantified. We must forego arguments about the private life of the mind and ask sensible objective questions about the input-output relations of sensory transducers as these relations are disclosed in the behavior of experimental organisms, whether men or animals. Another difficulty is that psychophysics had an unfortunate child hood. Although Plateau, in the 1850's, made a half-hearted attempt to suggest the proper form of the function relating apparent sensory intensity to stimulus intensity, he was shouted down by Fechner, who saddled the infant discipline with the erroneous "law" that bears his


In this study, the total radiative effect of black carbon (BC) in both the atmosphere and seasonal snowpack across the snow-covered area has been investigated over the Northern Hemisphere. Our...


We have used the novel technique of absorption detected magnetic resonance (ADMR) to investigate the photoexcitation properties in conducting polymers and fullerene C60 films. In conducting polymers we have identified both charged and neutral long-lived photoexcitations with distinct different properties in polymers with degenerate (trans polyacetylene; t-(CH)x) and nondegenerate (polyparaphenylene vinylene; PPV) ground state backbone structure. In t-(CH)x the photocarriers are charged solitons and the neutral photoexcitations are spin ½ soliton pairs, whereas the photoexcitations in PPV form charge bipolarons and triplet excitons. The neutral photoexcitations in C60/polystyrene "glass" are triplet excitons identified in ADMR through the triplet "powder-pattern" around g = 2.003.


Objective To investigate the different value of expression of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) between in the fibrocystic disease of breast (FCD) and in breast cancer. Method EGFR were determined in 44 cases of FCD which was subdivided into 3 grades according to Page's criterion, 28 case of invasive ductual carcinoma of breast (IDC) by immunochemical method, and their DNA content was determined by Image analysts technology (IAT) . Results The rate of expression of EGFR was highest in FCD3 (80. 00% ), the rate was reduced gradually in order of FCD grade 2, IDC and FCD grade 1, the lowest in human normal breast tissue (NMB) (20.00% ). Among them, there was no statistically difference in the rate of expression of EGFR between NMB and FCD grade 1. In the cases of FCD, the mean DNA level in the cases of EGFR positive was significant higher than in the cases of EGFR negative. Conclusion The results suggest: ( 1) In patients with FCD, expression of EGFR might be a maker of adenosis with atypical hyperplasic. (2)The epithelial cell of EGFR Positive has a higher potential of hyperplasic.


In the design of upper limb rehabilitation robots, critical issues to be considered are large workspace with minimum singularities to cover enough patients' upper limb range of motion and higher manipulability for the patients to easily and freely move their arm with applying almost the same force to every direction in a given posture. This paper presents an analysis of the suggested kinematic design considerations of five-bar planar mechanism according to the actuator locations. A comparison between two different five-bar linkage types is given. Finally, several open challenges for the applicability of five-bar planar mechanisms are discussed from the kinematic point of view to upper limb rehabilitation robots.


We describe a rigorous argument establishing infrared asymptotic freedom and other related properties (e.g., scaling with logarithmic corrections) of the weakly coupled massless lattice phi/sup 4/ model in four Euclidean dimensions. Our method combines the block-spin renormalization-group analysis with the technique of convergent high-temperature expansions. It should also extend to the ultraviolet asymptotically free models such as the negative-coupling continuum phi/sub 4//sup 4/ theory.


The experiments from which this database contains the recordings, were conducted with the aim of the analysis of human interaction, in particular mimicry, and elaborate on the theoretical hypotheses of the relationship between the occurrence of mimicry and human affect. The recorded experiments are designed to explore this relationship. The corpus is recorded with 18 synchronised audio and video sensors, and is annotated for many different phenomena, including dialogue acts, turn-taking, affect, head gestures, hand gestures, body movement and facial expression. Recordings were made of two experiments: a discussion on a political topic, and a role-playing game. 40 participants were recruited, all of whom self-reported their felt experiences. The corpus will be made available to the scientific community.


Abstract We crosslink hemoglobin (Hb), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and carbonic anhydrase (CA) to form a soluble polyHb-SOD-CAT-CA nanobiotechnological complex. The obtained product is a soluble complex with three enhanced red blood cell (RBC) functions and without blood group antigens. In the present study, 2/3 of blood volume was removed to result in 90-min hemorrhagic shock at mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 30 mmHg. This was followed by the reinfusion of different resuscitation fluids, then followed for another 60 min. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA maintained the MAP at 87.5 ± 5 mmHg as compared with 3 volumes of lactated Ringer's solution, 43.3 ± 2.8 mmHg; blood, 91.3 ± 3.6 mmHg; polyHb-SOD-CAT, 86.0 ± 4.6 mmHg; poly stroma-free hemolysate (polySFHb), 85.0 ± 2.5 mmHg; and polyHb, 82.6 ± 3.5 mmHg. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA was superior to the blood and other fluids based on the following criteria. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA reduced tissue pCO2 from 98 ± 4.5 mmHg to 68.6 ± 3 mmHg. This was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than lactated Ringer's solution (98 ± 4.5 mmHg), polyHb (90.1 ± 4.0 mmHg), polyHb-SOD-CAT (90.9 ± 1.4 mmHg), blood (79.1 ± 4.7 mmHg), and polySFHb (77 ± 5 mmHg). PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA reduced the elevated ST level to 21.7 ± 6.7% and is significantly (< 0.05) better than polyHb (57.7 ± 8.7%), blood (39.1 ± 1.5%), polySFHb (38.3% ± 2.1%), polyHb-SOD-CAT (27.8 ± 5.6%), and lactated Ringer's solution (106 ± 3.1%). The plasma cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level of polyHb-SOD-CAT-CA group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of all the other groups. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA reduced plasma lactate level from 18 ± 2.3 mM/L to 6.9 ± 0.3 mM/L. It was significantly more effective (P < 0.05) than lactated Ringer's solution (12.4 ± 0.6 mM/L), polyHb (9.6 ± 0.7 mM/L), blood (8.1 ± 0.2 mM/L), polySFHb (8.4 ± 0.1 mM/L), and polyHb-SOD-CAT (7.6 ± 0.3 mM/L). PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA can be stored for 320 days at room temperature. Lyophilized poly-Hb-SOD-CAT-CA can be heat pasteurized at 68F for 2 h. This can be important if there is a need to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus, Ebola virus, and other infectious organisms.


Abstract : The significance of this research and development to the Air Force is that it is now possible with only a single camera to take pictures at frequencies ranging from the vaccum ultraviolet to the near infrared, and at distances from 50 meters to infinity, without sacrificing quality. This will increase the number of optical experiments which can be performed in situations of limited weight and volume, such as manned space flights and airborne reconnaissance and surveillance experiments. The lens to be used with this camera is composed of four front surface mirrors, one of which is plano and merely folds the optical axis. The mirrors are specially coated to exhibit high reflectivity from 1216 Angstroms to 10,000 Angstroms. Three of the mirrors are general aspherics with deformation coefficients up to the 8th order. The lens mirror system has two focal planes---a primary mirror which images an infinite scene to its inferior focus, and a cassegrainian system which relays this scene to a final corrected focus. Fabrication of each mirror in the cassegrainian relay required the use of null optics. The primary mirror was figured using the figured relay lens as a nulling device. The criteria of attainment of correct surface figure was judged by a knife edge testing. Specified lens image quality is defined in terms of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). Because of a pressing time schedule it was not possible to complete these MTF measurements at an outside testing facility. It is anticipated that eventual Air Force testing of the lens will confirm its performance in this area. (Author)


Objective To explore the effect of bridging the peripheral nerve defect by pre-constructed-lateroterminal neurorrhaphy of the sciatic nerve acellular extracellular matrix. Methods Pre-constructed 10mm,15mm,20mm tissue-engineered acellular extracellular matrix 2weeks with peripheral nerves lateroterminalneurorrhaphy,then we developed a novel tissue-engineer scaffolds by bridging 15mm long gap of sciatic nerve in SD rats, while evaluation and examination by scanning electronmicroscope(SEM),RT-PCR,Horseradishperoxidase(HRP)at2weeks, 12 weeks after surgery. Results The cellular elements of tissue-engineered acellular extracellular matrix were eliminated completely,while the original three-dimensional structure and bio-activitive were preserved.No significant different was observed between the experiment groups and the control groups(P0.05) were checked up.Conclusions This new pre-contructed paradigm offers a potential solution to repairing a long gap of peripheral nerve.


Carbon templates were prepared by kraft papers impregnated with phenol resin,and after laminated,drying and carbonization,packed with silicon powder and heated to 1 400 ℃ in N2 atmosphere.They were heated to 1 550 ℃ in vacuum for 60 min,and the subsequent reaction resulted in a laminar SiC/Si composite with a density of 2.20 g/cm3 and strength of 435 MPa.The laminated SiC/Si composites were retreated under nitrogen atmosphere and vacuum separately at a temperature of 1 400 ℃ for 30 min.The results show that during retreatment in N2 atmosphere,with the diffusion of Si and C,more SiC formed,and the density and bending strength of the retreated composite increase to 2.32 g/cm3 and 455 MPa,respectively.The density and bending strength of the retreated composite in vacuum are 2.21 g/cm3 and 430 MPa,respectively.This is because,in addition to the diffusion and reaction of silicon and carbon,the Si evaporation in vacuum can cause a loss of mass,and the open porosity increases distinctively,so the density and bending strength of the composite decrease slightly.


Improper and incorrect period intercultivation operation affect the crop yield and the loss in crop yields due to weeds in upland crops varying from 40 to 60 per cent and in many cases cause complete crop failure. Utilization of hand tool technology is one of the major problems of poverty in the rural areas. Hand hoe weeding would find difficult since this tends to perpetuate human drudgery, risk and misery. Efforts were made still on to reduce the drudgery in weeding operation for poor famers by designing new low cost hybrid power Modified three row Weeder using SOLID EDGE software. Later the assembly file is imported in ADAMS software to check its functional virtual simulation and determined critical areas by applying Flexible body dynamics concept. Checked the model in ANSYS software for deformation, stresses and strains. Results were compared with both soft wares which are in acceptable limit. Finally validated Virtual Prototype Modified three row Weeder model is fabricated and tested for field performance. It is mainly used for soil Preparation, Cultivation, Levelling off uneven fields, Inter Row Weeding etc. Its cost is Rs 30,000 only and operates at a depth of 15 to 25 mm with field capacity of 0.15 to 0.24ha/hr. Hence results in reduced weeding cost by 60 percent and labour requirement by 78 percent as compared to hand hoe weeding.


In modern conditions, ensuring regional de-velopment is becoming a strategically im-portant task for the state. The regional Gov-ernment, in turn, develops and implements measures that contribute to socio-economic development. At the same time, currently, under the influence of economic, geopolitical and other factors, unforeseen risks arise that negatively affect the conduct of fiscal policy, which requires adjusting the planned implementation plan and finding new opportunities to increase the collection of tax and non-tax budget revenues. The article uses the example of the Chechen Republic to reveal the impact of the implementation of fiscal policy on the socio-economic develop-ment of the region. The analysis of indicators reflecting economic growth, improvement of quality of life and development of infrastructure of the republic is carried out. Measures have been identified to increase the level of collection of tax and non-tax revenues of the consolidat-ed budget of the Chechen Republic. A set of interrelated problems that hinder the devel-opment of the region has also been identi-fied and ways to solve them have been iden-tified.


Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and levelized avoided cost of electricity (LACE) are, respectively, estimates of the revenue required to build and operate a generator over a specified cost recovery period and the revenue available to that generator over the same period. This paper presents average values of LCOE and LACE for electric generating technologies entering service in 2022, 2025, 1 and 2040 as represented in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) for the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook 2020 (AEO2020) Reference case. 2 The costs for electric generating facilities entering service in 2025 are presented in the body of this report, and those costs for 2022 3 and 2040 are included in Appendices A and B, respectively. Both a capacity-weighted average based on projected capacity additions and a simple average (unweighted) of the regional values across the 25 U.S. supply regions of the NEMS electricity market module (EMM) are provided, together with the range of regional values. Both simplifications


In order to investigate the effect of loading frequency on stress-strain-temperature relationship in pseudoelastic behavior of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), tensile tests of TiNi-SMA wire at loading frequencies ranging from 0.001 Hz to 1 Hz were performed, and the stress, strain and temperature of wire were measured simultaneously. Using our proposed thermo-mechanical analytical model of SMA, those pseudoelastic behaviors were simulated numerically as well. Results showed that the loading frequency strongly affects temperature change of the wire and the stress-strain hysteresis loop. The analytical model could predict the time history of stress-strain-temperature relationship with accuracy, and thus the validity of the model has been confirmed. Moreover, by examining the variation of each term of the heat balance equation, the thermo-mechanical mechanism of the pseudoelastic behaviors was also clarified.


After the World War II,Britain's industrial relations were determined in large part by the economic,political and social environment.The industrial relations in Britain remained relatively peaceful at the beginning.However,with Britain's continuing long-term decline as a world economic power in the period between 1964 and 1970,the British Government interfered in the industrial relations,which led to the complicated interactions among the British Government,employers and the trade unions and the changes of the industrial relations from cooperation to conflict in Britain during this period.


The reliability qualification test is essential in order to ensure the life time of the product under the normal operation conditions when a new product is developed. The reliability qualification test period has an important impact on the development time of new product. Therefore, some researches to reduce the test time of reliability qualification test have been actively studied. Generally, accelerated life test is well known as one method that can save the test time of the reliability qualification test. This test is conducted under the higher stress condition than normal condition. So we need to investigate what factor affects to the higher stress condition. This paper shows the relationship between the acceleration factor and reliability qualification test period. Especially, we focused on the method to obtain effective acceleration factors under the high temperature condition. Through some experiments for a refrigerator`s compressor, we were able to confirm how to increase acceleration factors and how to reduce the reliability qualification test period with minimum samples.


Walkabout Resources Ltd managing director Alan Mulligan used his time behind the lectern at Africa Down Under to dispel the myths surrounding the current coal market.


Sandy soil, one of the most abundant soil types in the world, often has lower crop productivity because of poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the new soil conditioner DewEco (fermented organic material consisted mainly of salt of L-lysine and citric acid) on sandy soil quality and plant growth. Serial dosages of DewEco and nitrogen (N) fertilizer were mixed into sandy soils and planted maize in a greenhouse. DewEco application increased large soil particle composition and decreased small soil particle composition. Soil porosity and the liquid phase increased as the DewEco dosage increased. DewEco also decreased soil pH and increased soil electrical conductivity, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen and available potassium. DewEco significantly enhanced the soil water-holding capacity and soil effective water content although it also increased the wilting coefficient. Finally, DewEco markedly promoted maize growth while improving water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In addition, there was an interaction effect between DewEco and nitrogen fertilizer, such that the combined effects of DewEco and N exceeded the sum of their respective effects promoting plant growth. Thus, DewEco application can significantly enhance soil water content and nutrient levels by alleviating sandy soil's physical and chemical properties, thereby promoting plant growth, WUE and NUE. This study indicates that DewEco is a useful eco-friendly sandy soil conditioner for arid and semi-arid regions.


Yield and layout are two important but often ignored issues in the design of fault tolerant VLSI systems. The authors present a framework for the systematic analysis of yield and area-efficient layout of fault-tolerant architectures. A multiple level redundancy tree is considered as a target architecture to demonstrate their analysis technique.<<ETX>>


The article presents the phenomenon of forming the culture of future teachers' safe use of information environment through the selection of emotional and motivational content. The emotional and motivational contents enabling the formation of the culture of a safe use of the information environment should be aimed at taking into account the personality of the future teacher, the tendencies and state of the modern information technologies, students' interests and needs. Modern realities point to a gap in educational materials which do not keep step with the rapid development of information and communication technologies, which decreases future teachers' motivation to form the information culture and the culture of safe use of the information environment in particular. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to select emotional and motivational content to form the culture of future teachers' safe use of information environment and to highlight the positive impact of the emotional and motivational contents on the process. The objectives of the study were as follows: theoretical analysis of the scientific literature regarding the peculiarities of the content of emotional and motivational directions in the process of forming the culture of the future teachers' safe use of information environment; clarification of priority content-centred topics aimed at developing the culture of the future teachers' safe use of the information environment. In view of the specification of the tasks, in the research there have been used theoretical analysis of the scientific and pedagogical literature which made it possible to find out the modern approaches of researchers to the formation of the culture of the future teachers' safe use of the information environment through the selection of emotional and motivational content. Some methods of empirical research have been used, including questionnaires, in order to clarify future teachers' wishes and interests regarding the filling of the thematic content of the safe use of the information environment.
The results of the study allowed revealing the topics that were of interested for the future teachers in terms of the safe use of the information environment: the efficiency and safety of navigation in the information environment, the impact of the irrational use of the information environment on physical and psychological health and ways to overcome it; information hygiene.
Keywords: culture, safe use of the information environment, emotions, motives.


On the basis of the results of laboratory studies of the mineral part of Beresovo and Irsha-Borodino coals, bench-scale experiments, and industrial tests, it is demonstrated that the slagging properties of these fuels differ significantly because of differences in the composition of their internal ash.


We study directional scattering (Kerker effect) in a super-Mossian dielectric $\text{FeS}_{2}$. Its refractive index exceeds the traditional Moss rule by 40%. By exciting multipole lattice resonances near the first-diffraction-order Rayleigh anomaly, we observe behavior similar to electric and magnetic dipoles with Kerker condition fulfilled.


The coastal zone constitutes an important livelihood for women engaged in fishing activities. However, oil disasters that press the marine environment are becoming more frequent. This fact highlights the socio-environmental risks faced by groups of women with a high dependence on the marine environment. In this context, this doctoral thesis examines the catastrophe provoked by the oil tanker Prestige in the Galician coastal zone of Spain in 2002, and the Galician shellfisherwomen affected by it. The objective of the study is to analyse the Prestige disaster through a gender perspective, identifying the elements that have affected Galician shellfisherwomen, as well as their role in the recovery of the shellfishing zones.


317 Background: Overexpression of c-Met signaling has been associated with development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored the prognostic role of tumor c-Met expression in patients with advanced HCC. Methods: Patients who had received sorafenib alone as first-line therapy for advanced HCC and had available archival tumor tissues were enrolled. Expression of total c-Met was determined by immunohistochemical staining using CONFIRM anti-total c-MET (SP44) rabbit monoclonal primary antibody (Ventana) on the BenchMark ULTRA staining platform. We evaluated c-Met expression by H scores and by a clinical score as defined in the table. Results: The study enrolled 62 patients, all with Child-Pugh class A status. The HCC etiology was hepatitis B in 48 patients, and hepatitis C in 12 patents; 57 had BCLC disease; 40 had extrahepatic metastasis, and 37 had macrovascular invasion. Clinical scores of c-Met were 0 in 30 (48%) patients, 1 in 31 (50%) patients, 2 in 1 (2%) patients, and 3 in 0 pa...


Understanding consumers' choice regarding purchase of any goods and services is a difficult task. The task becomes even harder when it comes to consumer durables. So it is important to know the factors affecting brand preference of consumer durables. The present study has been conducted in Tinsukia town taking 371 households as the sample. Quota sampling technique is adopted for study.


The influence of the period of male exposure on the reproductive capacity of Supputius cincticeps (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) females in laboratory was studied. The experiment was conducted at a temperature of 25.0 ± 2.0"C, relative humidity 60.0 ± 10.0% and photoperiod 12 h. Females of 5. cincticeps were exposed to the male for mating during their entire lifetime (Tl), until laying the first egg mass (T2) and without male exposure (T3). The variables observed were number of egg masses, number and viability of the eggs and longevity of the female. The number of egg masses was similar between Tl and T2 (5.5 ±0.88, and 4.9 ± 1.09 per female respectively), and higher than T3 (1.8 ±0.34). The number and viability of eggs of S. cincticeps were also similar between Tl and T2, (61.0± 10.74 and 49.9 ± 11.97 eggs, and 62.2 ± 3.59% and 65.1 ±4.09%, respectively). Bugs that did not mate (T3) laid fewer eggs per female (12.5 ±2.70) and these were not viable. Longevity of females of S, cincticeps was similar among treatments with values of 28.0 ± 2.25 (Tl), 24.4 ± 3.48 (T2) and 26.9 ± 2.54 (T3) days, showing that this biological characteristic is independent of mating. In terms of mass rearing, the females and males of S. cincticeps can be maintained in production for twenty to twenty five days old because during this period the bugs achieved more than 80% of total egg production.


In this paper,the images of the othonormal basis for Hilbert space under different operators are mainly investigated. By using the previous results and considering the special properties of the othonormal basis, we show that the identity for Parseval frames holds by the mean of operator theory.


Over the past few decades, there have been considerable interests in developing biomaterials e.g. micro- or nano-particles and micro-or nano-gels as effective drug delivery carriers. Various polymers e.g. synthetic and natural polymers, have been used in developmental of the drug carrier. Recently, in Malaysia, a group of nuclear scientist from Malaysian Nuclear Agency and University Putra Malaysia had successfully developed micro- and nano particles from natural polymer i.e. vegetable oils product using radiation-induced initiator method [1-3]. This vegetable oil product is known as acrylated vegetable oil (AVO) consists of crosslinked nanostructure when subjected to ionizing radiation sources i.e. gamma ray and electron beam was successfully utilized using the local radiation facility for the formation of micro-and nanoparticle carrier based vegetable oil product. Due to this, in this present study, the acrylated vegetable oil nanostructure was used as drug delivery system (DDS) for the incorporation of the bioactive material i.e. Thymoquinone. The work included study on the process for production of the thymoquinone-loaded AVO nanoparticle using radiation-induced method, physiochemical of the product and evaluation of its application in controlled-drug-release applications. The present study obtained varied sizes of the thymoquinone-loaded AVO micro- and nanoparticle (Table 1). Size of the thymoquinone-loaded AVO micro- and nanoparticle is in the range of nanometer and submicron as determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) (Nanophox, Sympatec). The size of the particle was increasing when the irradiation dose increasing. As a result particle sized is in the range of 150 nm to 220 nm after irradiation at 1 to 25 kGy, respectively (Table 1). Decrease in mean diameter of the AVO micro- and nanoparticle indicates a strong shrinkage of the polymer coils resulting from the crosslinking in the AVO macromolecule structure [1-3]. This crosslinking polymerization leads to the formation of smaller particles, due to the intraparticle crosslinking and to the hampered diffusion of monomer molecules to the macromolecule structure [1-5]. Furthermore, Figure 1 shows the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) (Shidmazu, Japan) chemical structure of the thymoquinone-loaded AVO micro- and nanoparticle before and after irradiation. The irradiation sensitive functional group i.e. carbon double bond (C=C, acrylic functional group) was found disappeared after the sample was irradiated at wavenumber of υ= 1410, 1620 and 1637 cm-1 which revealed that the sample was undergone crosslinking. Besides that, the thymoquinone functional group i.e. dimethyl-p-benzoquina at wavenumber 1240-1250 cm-1 is still presence in the AVO micro- and nanoparticle after irradiation (Figure 1). It shows that the thymoquinone was successfully incorporated in the AVO micro- and nanoparticle. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Jeol, Japan) image obtained showed that, the thymoquinone-loaded AVO micro- and nanoparticle is spherical in shape as shown in Figure 2. The study also showed that the AVO micro- and nanoparticle can retain and controlled the release rate of the thymoquinone, see Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the release percentage of the thymoquinone in the 0.2 mol/L of phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) at 37°C as determined using Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer (Shidmazu, Japan). The study also revealed that such smaller particles can retain the active substance to longer period compared to that larger particle (Figure 3). This study showed that the AVO nanoparticles have successfully incorporated the thymoquinone by radiation-induced initiator method in the microemulsion system. The results obtained showed that, crosslinked nanostructure of the AVO nanoparticle contributed in the incorporation and controlling the release rate of the thymoquinone. Besides that, this crosslinked nanostructure property may help protecting the thymoquinone substance to undergo hydrolysis in the physiological environment. The radiation-induced initiator method that we proposed in this study is especially well suited for biomedical applications because the process is free of monomers, initiators and any other additives [1-5].


This paper investigates the rheological and printability characteristics of PVA fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. To fabricate 3D printable strain hardening cementitious mixtures, ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, fine sand, water, and a polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer are used. The effects of a modified starch-based viscosity modifying agent and nano clay on the rheological properties of these mixtures are explored. A shear rheometer with a building materials cell and vane motor is used for rheological tests. First, stress-growth tests are conducted to determine the static yield stress evolution curves for the PVA fiber-reinforced cement composites. A constant low shear rate is applied to minimize the viscous contributions to yield stress. Then, structural recovery tests are conducted by applying three different shear rates that mimic initial rest, extrusion, and after deposition conditions of printable mixtures and the change in apparent viscosity is observed. Next, structural build-up of PVA fiber-reinforced cementitious composites is assessed through constant shear rate rheology tests at different rest intervals. Finally, the buildability of the PVA fiber-reinforced cementitious composites is evaluated using a 3D concrete printer equipped with a 15 mm diameter nozzle and screw pump.


Chushou of Three Courts is the significant thing of political matters in Northern Song dynasty, and its system is gradually tightened up from Shumi Department taking the power in the early stage, to the Prime Minister and Shumi Department cooperating in conference after the initial draft of Shumi Department, and Sicong and Taijian sort of high level civil officials also has right to participate in such matters. The emperor can directly issue an imperial edict to appoint the officials of Three Courts; or offering his views on the name list by the Prime Minister and Shumi Department in various ways to execute his supreme right of decision.


Gas-phase infrared emission measurements made with the use of a new, specially designed, electrically heated furnace or a small hydrogen/air flame have shown that oxidation of a variety of carbon-based analytes to CO2 over the catalyst hopcalite prior to vibrational excitation in the furnace or flame markedly improves the response of the FIRE radiometer. Calibration curves obtained with the use of the furnace alone were generally nonlinear, while those obtained with the flame alone had slopes that were compound dependent. By the use of hopcalite in conjunction with the furnace, conversion to CO2 was significantly improved, and the FIRE response to pure acetone, benzene, dichloromethane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, heptane, methanol, and toluene became directly proportional to the number of moles of carbon introduced. In the case of the flame, as little as 0.1 g of hopcalite was sufficient to give a single, linear calibration curve (based on moles of carbon) for injection volumes of 0.2–1.0 μL of a test mixture composed of equal volumes of acetone, benzene, hexane, propanol, and tetrahydrofuran. With the use of hopcalite at its experimentally determined, optimum operating temperature of 380°C, an air flow rate of 45 mL min−1, and a furnace temperature of 600°C, the detection limit for hexane was found to be 518 ng C s−1. The use of hopcalite in conjunction with the flame (900°C) improved this detection limit by two orders of magnitude, due to the combined effects of an increase in excitation temperature and a decrease in source background noise. Injection of chlorinated compounds was found to temporarily poison the hopcalite, resulting in soot formation and loss of catalytic activity for periods of approximately ten minutes.


In molecules of the zwitterionic Meisenheimer complex 4-(N-pyridiniomethyl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-spiro-1'-2',4',6'-trinitrocyclohexadienide (C 14 H 12 N 4 O 8 ), the nitro groups do not possess equivalent geometries. The C-N bond to the nitro group para to the saturated C atom is shorter than those of the others, and bond lengths vary considerably between the two unsaturated sections of the six-membered ring. These observations indicate a significant contribution from a resonance form in which the six-membered ring has a 2,5-diene geometry and the para nitro adopts the aci resonance form.


The present invention relates to an LED lamp pipeline processing machine, comprising a feeding device sequentially disposed, the injection means, cooling means, the drying means and winding means, the cooling means includes a cooling chamber the cooling tank, the cooling bath was allowed to cool and the means circulating coolant reusable, both ends of the cooling grooves are defined in the tubular body is provided with a plastic donor pressing the plastic tube to the pressing mechanism in the cooling fluid through the cooling fluid inlet and outlet, a cooling tank, the cooling bath in the outlet was inclined downward toward the inlet is provided below the cooling tank provided with an adjustment angle adjustment mechanism. With the above embodiment, the present invention provides a method capable of automatically feeding a metal wire, injection molding, cooling, drying and winding and cooled LED light better pipeline processing machine.


: The study examines the extent to which Islamic banks rely on Istisna'a to build theirinvestment portfolio based on return and risk. The use of optimization functions in the financialstatements of Al Baraka Bank for the years 2006 to 2012 shows that the Bank tends to allocatehigh rates of margin formulas, Although Istisna'a has a high rate of return, but its high risk hasled Al Baraka Bank to reduce its financial allocation.


Adults of the rose chafer were collected from grape blossom buds in a sandy area near North Kingsville, Ohio, just prior to bloom. These insects were brought to O.A.R.D.C. to test their susceptibility to a broad range of insecticides. They were held 24 hr at the holding conditions indicated below, prior to being treated. Methoxychlor had given poor results in the area of collection. Stock solutions (1%) of all materials tested were prepared from technical grade materials using a mixture of acetone and olive o i l , 19:1 (vol/vol), as the solvent. Two replicates of 10 beetles each, selected at random, were anesthetized with ether and placed on filter paper in 9-cm glass petri dishes. Each replicate was sprayed with 5 ml of the insecticides at one of the concentrations in a Potter spray tower. Checks consisted of 2 sets of 10 beetles each sprayed with the solvent. Treated beetles were removed from petri dishes and placed in paper cups with a moist wick of 5% honey-water and covered with a glass petri dish and held at 24° t 1,5°C and 6 0% RH. Treatments were made on June 17 and mortality readings were made 24 hours later.


Pedagogical Embodied Conversational Agents (PECA) that autonomously behave in mixed reality environments, respond to muti-modal input across computer networks, interact with human learners using context aware intelligence, and apply proven pedagogical techniques during instruction have the potential to improve and accelerate human learning performance anytime, anywhere, and at any-pace. This paper discusses the PECA Product Line Architecture (PPLA) model for building interactive pedagogical agent systems and discusses a prototype system from the architecture.


This paper focuses on the issues of effectiveness of the urban plans in the context of the contemporary European cities, considering mainly the subject of physical transformation of public space connected with building development. The comparison between Turin and Skopje aims to highlight the possible role of the urban design tools and planning (especially diachronic visioning), in the future of a sustainable growth of the urban European systems. The strategies of visioning of the urban plans require, to become effective, a strong liability coming from the political power and the economic feasibility: how can we consider the production of plans when this liability is going to lack? The crisis of the building sector in recent years along Europe has underlined some weaknesses of this approach to plans which had been a good instrument in a perspective of economic and physical growth. This paper assumes that the urban plan will continue to be a fundamental instrument for managing the future transformations of our cities, if we will be capable of rethinking it as a device for reassembling and including many other implications, beyond those which are usually considered by drawing the material shape of things. The paper will finally attempt to describe some strategies for rethinking the urban plan visioning from a methodological point of view.


We define the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the fault activated during the Mw = 6.3, 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake, from the modeling of Envisat and COSMO‐SkyMed (the first ever X‐band interferogram inverted for a coseismic dislocation study) DInSAR interferograms. Our best‐fit solution for the main shock is represented by a normal fault ∼16 km long and ∼12 km wide, with a small right‐lateral component, dipping 47°SW with a maximum slip of ∼90 cm. Although the seismic dislocation probably ended at 1 km depth, the updip projection of the fault plane corresponds to the northern segment of the mapped Paganica–S. Demetrio fault, where alignment of surface breaks was observed in the field. The absence of this fault in existing seismic source catalogues suggests that an improved approach, involving detailed surface and subsurface geological and geophysical investigations, is needed for a better assessment of the seismic hazard at the local scale.


Chapter Two takes as its subject the New Mexican poet Peggy Pond Church. Although Church is not a canonically recognised writer, this chapter reveals that her poetry and prose writings contain innovative depictions of an infinite, ecological Nature that is even capable of containing the new nuclear threat. Church's biography places her at the centre of the story of the nuclear Southwest; her family was evicted from her father's Ranch School when the US government repossessed their land to make way for the Manhattan Project in 1942. The main body of this chapter reads Church's poetry alongside an exploration of her interest in Pueblo Native American thought, revealing the degree to which Church drew on the Pueblo worldview in forming the ecological vision of the human relationship to Nature that defines her writing. The final section of the chapter explores the relationship between Church's writings and those of her neighbour and correspondent, the atomic physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, exposing the synergies between both writers' contemporaneous depictions of ecology.