Considering the importance of the knowledge of the values for the absorption cross-sections of ozone at the mercury lamp wavelengths, specially for the calibration of relative measurements, a critical review of data given by previous workers is presented: it shows a good agreement for the results obtained at 289.36, 296.73 and 302.15 nm, and it needs to reconsider the result generally used up to now at 253.65 nm (about 3% too high) Cette etude montre une bonne coherence entre les resultats connus a 289,36; 296,73 et 302,15 nm et conduit a reviser le resultat generalement admis a 253,65 nm (baisse d'environ 3%)


Objective: To determine the benefi ts of post-partum vitamin D supplementation on striated muscle strength. Methods: This is a pre-post quasi-experimental study on postpartum vitamin D3 supplement provision in primiparous women with vitamin D3 defi ciency. The effect of vitamin D3 supplement was assessed through the measurement of pelvic fl oor muscle strength before and after 3 months of vitamin D3 supplementation. Thirty-three primiparous postpartum women with spontaneous vaginal delivery who met inclusion criteria participated in this study. Serum vitamin D3 level, basal tone, and maximum levator ani contraction were measured by perimetry prior to and after vitamin D3 supplementation. This study was conducted in the Obstetric Clinic and Clinical Serology Laboratory of Clinical Pathology Department, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran from March 1 to May 31, 2018. Results: Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed an increase in serum vitamin D3 level and a basal tone strength after vitamin D3 supplementation with a P-value of <0.001. However, the maximum strength of levator ani muscle contraction did not increase (P-value <0.829). Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation increases basal tone strength.


Abstract Background: A family is a functional unit that comprises of a set of individuals that provide each other with a sense of belonging, identity and a secure environment for its members, allowing them to support each other emotionally, financially and socially. A disability in the family has the potential to disrupt the proper functioning of a family. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to know the mental and emotional condition of parents of children with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) and to show the common view of parents towards the condition in their children. Methods: The study was conducted based on two levels. The first level involves one to one interviews with parents of 53 children attending a special school in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu state in India and was followed by a second level of the study which involved group discussions. Results: Among all the IDDs only Down syndrome can be recognized at the birth. Parents of a mentally disabled daughter have their fears further compounded. Due to such fears, parents have reported covering their daughter's identity in public and have thought about the removal of their daughter's reproductive organs. Conclusion: To avoid mismanagement of the child's condition, basic medical training of the parents becomes imperative and they should be educated on the reproductive rights of daughters. Hence a holistic approach involving addressing the psychological, medical and financial issues facing affected families is necessary to bring about the healthy development of the IDD child.


Introduction: It is well documented in previously conducted studies that higher education is very stressful and medical education is even more stressful as compared to other professional students. In India, getting into the medical school is considered to be very prestigious, but the accompanying challenges of being in medical school are largely overlooked. Early identification and necessary interventions targeting the alleviation of modifiable stressors might result in a less stressful academic life for students, which in turn could enhance their academic performance and skill development as medical graduates. Material & methods: Present study was conducted in Government Medical College, Gondia during Nov 2017 to Jan 2018. To collect the data, medical students" stress questionnaire (MSSQ) was used. Results: In our study, first year study subjects were 98 (52.13%) while 90 (47.87%) were studying in second year. Majority of study subjects 129 (68.62%) were in the age group of 19-20 years. Out 6 domains academic related stress was found to be highest (1.85 + 0.71). Males and Ist year study subjects showed more stress as compared to their counterpart. Conclusion: A significant number of study subjects in our setting suffer from moderate level of stress. Academic related stressor was the source of stress and thus most often contributed to overall stress scores.


The singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose tell us that singularities are common place in general relativity. Singularities not only occur at the beginning of the Universe at the Big Bang, but also in complete gravitational collapses that result in the formation of black holes. If singularities - except the one at the Big Bang - ever become "naked", i.e., not shrouded by black hole horizons, then it is expected that problems would arise and render general relativity indeterministic. For this reason, Penrose proposed the cosmic censorship conjecture, which states that singularities should never be naked. Various counterexamples to the conjecture have since been discovered, but it is still not clear under which kind of physical processes one can expect violation of the conjecture. In this short review, I briefly examine some progresses in spacetime singularities and cosmic censorship conjecture. In particular, I shall discuss why we should still care about the conjecture, and whether we should be worried about some of the counterexamples. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather to give an introduction to the subject, which has recently seen an increase of interest.


Flipped classroom is a new teaching form supported by information technology. The application and study on flipped classroom show that learners are the dominants in flipped classroom. Teacher, content of courses and adaptability of the learners should be taken into account. It is necessary to select suitable teaching content and according to the characteristics of learners, to design the teaching in class and out of class to guide the learners' study demand, construct reasonable learning values, and mobilize learning enthusiasm of learners. Flipped classroom pays attention to the individual difference to cultivate innovative talents.


Analysis and interpretation of 2D gel images is a very important task in proteonomics study. The nonlinearties in the gel formation and image acquisition process leads to distortions, overlapped protein spots, saturated spots, faint spots, nonlinear intensity and uneven background in the gel images. As a result, pre-processing steps are important before image-analysis. De-noising is one of the most important preprocessing steps, and the overall accuracy of protein spot detection and analysis depends crucially on how effectively the 2D gel images have been de-noised. Non-separable processing methods, due to their inherent ability to be able to better represent directional information, seem to be promising for the processing of 2D gel images. In this paper, we explore approaches based on quincunx non-separable filter-banks for image de-noising, and show the overall effect on the protein spot detection accuracy.


Species differences in characters involved in reproductive isolation are
candidates for factors that caused speciation. It is not easy to understand whether
the species differences that we can detect have been actually involved in
speciation, because most species pairs have been accumulating genetic
differences since the speciation process was completed often developing multiple
reproductive isolating mechanisms. In Hipparchia species and in many taxa of
Satyrine butterflies, both sexes have evolved complex genitalia that can
mechanically impede the copulation between different species while males have
scent located in patches or dispersed on their wings, probably pheromone
releaser. Surprisingly, in spite of a growing amount of information on
morphology and rearing methods of several species, only the works of Tinbergen
on H. semele and some recent research specifically deal with mating behaviour
of the genus Hipparchia. Courtship is an important character linked to fitness
and can evolve in response to female mate choice, to ensure sex identity and
quality of a potential mate. It can also be a major pre-mating isolating
mechanism in butterflies and many other species. The aim of this work was to
study in detail the reproductive behaviour of two sibling species, Hipparchia fagi
and H. alcyone in order to understand which species -specific, visual, behavioural
or chemical stimuli are involved in courtship. These two species are sympatric
and syntopic at 800 - 1000 m of altitude; adult flight periods overlap in July and
August and take place in similar habitats; the two butterflies have very similar
wing patterns and sometimes it is very difficult to recognise the species without
the exam of male and female genitalia structures. The behavioural study was
conducted daily, both in the wild and in captivity, during the reproductive
seasons in some areas near Vallemare (1,100 m a.s.l.) in the Central Appennines
(Rieti, Italy). The observations were carried out with captive and reared
individuals inside a large outdoor "flight cage" built in the same locality and in
the garden of the Laboratori di Ecologia Sperimentale ed Acquacoltura
(University of Roma Tor Vergata).
In this study, different aspects of the butterfly reproductive behaviour are
described. First, the ethogram and the sequential structure of courtship are
showed; second, various parameters of each courtship step are measured; third,
the results in H. fagi are compared with the behaviour of the species H. alcyone;
fourth, the mating system of each species is described. Moreover, the male
chemical patterns were detected by the application of the Electronic Nose and the
results in H. fagi were compared with those of H.alcyone. The study reveals
general patterns of sexual behaviour in H. fagi and in H. alcyone, that are mainly
identical in both species: perching strategy, flight pursuit and courtship.
Likewise, the two species show a similar polygynous mating system, with female
monandry. In both species, the results revealed a highly stereotypic courtship
that consists of six steps (Fanning, Circling, Bowing, Antenna orientation,
Copulation attempt e Clasping) leading to the copulation. Courtship most likely
follows up to the end, once the male has started with the sequence. However, the
development of the courtship seems to respond to the female behaviour,
reflecting the complexity of the male -female interaction during the whole
sequence. In both species courtship sequence seems to mostly be the outcome of
the female's reaction: her interruptions can produce fragmented sequences and,
more interestingly, can induce the repetition of the sequence around a specific
point, with the male persisting in courting the female. Male can mate after
displaying the courtship sequence once, but mostly repeats the whole sequence
or part of it more than once, restarting from Bowing or previous steps, likely
waiting for female signals. The behavioural sequential analysis also showed that
a male displays the initial and the final phases of the sequence only once, while
he can repeat Bowing and Antenna orientation a lot of times in the same
sequence. The comparison between H. fagi and H. alcyone showed quantitative
interesting differences. The frequency of Bowing is the unique behavioural
character that allows to tell apart the two study species , as H. alcyone shows a
greater frequency than H. fagi. In satyrine butterflies, male androconia provide
the necessary cue, probably of chemical nature, for a successful courtship, and
the display of Bowing is likely of primary importance for the production of male
pheromones. During Bowing the male repeatedly bashes or strokes the female's
antennae against the androconial scales on his forewing dorsal surface. Bowing
could convey chemotactic information to the female, and its repetition within a
sequence could represent a mechanical stimulation for her, with the secretion
from androconial patches on the male's forewings. This phase could be of great
importance, as a persistent male could drive a female at first unreceptive to
eventually mate. Scents and visual stimuli could have an essential role in mating
communication: they could operate synergistically and help the female in her
decision of acceptance or rejection of a specific male; they could function as sexspecific
signals facilitating sexual identification during courtship. The detection
of the butterfly smell by Electronic Nose revealed a similar male chemical
pattern in both species. In insects and especially in butterflies, pheromones are
chemical signals whose composition varies enormously between species and
they typically comprise more than one active component. Frequently sympatric
species show the same pheromone components, but in different combinations or
ratios. In absence of experimental crossability tests between species, it is not
possible to be investigate if different visual (i.e., different performance of a male
action) or chemical stimuli would change the female response and impede crossmating.
However, the behavioural differences observed in H. fagi and H. alcyone
could act as important discordant cues, in case of encounters with heterospecific
females, and could reflect the presence of different chemical cues (not yet
identified) between the two species.


Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) are one of the most commonly used methods of reducing the risks associated with major accident hazards in the process and other sectors. They can be found in various systems such as emergency shut down, fire and gas and machinery protection. A single SIS normally provides protection against a single hazard, and this poses a dilemma for designers when they are trying to fulfil the overall requirements for reducing risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) (see Figure 1), since the concepts of ALARP are concerned with the total risk from all likely hazards to workers or the public. However, SIL determinations for safety instrumented systems are processed on a hazard by hazard basis. Thus these SIL risk assessments are all based on protective functionality for single hazards and not the total risk posed by all likely hazards corresponding to ALARP. Obviously the residual risk for any single hazard must still be tolerable but additional allowances must be made to ensure that the combined risk from all likely hazards will meet the ALARP concept. This paper makes proposals for calibrating and using various risk assessment methods to achieve levels of tolerable risk, associated with any single hazard, to try to meet the principles of ALARP. The paper discusses the determination of safety integrity levels for safety functions where failure results in injury/fatality of workers and also the societal risk aspects when members of the public could be injured due to failure of the safety function. It develops further some of the topics and issues raised in 'Determination of Safety Integrity Levels Taking into Account ALARP-Cost Benefit Analysis', 20061 presented at the Hazards XIX conference earlier in the year. The following methods will be included in the context of setting tolerable risk levels: l Fault Tree Analysis l Risk Graphs l Risk Matrices l Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA)


Historically speaking, the occurrence frequency of the natural calamities in the areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir is on the increase in the historical development. The natural calamities in this area mainly resulted from changes of the natural climate as such and human interference, particularly the population pressure and the expansion of "hilly paddy - field" agricultural economy are the dominant factors contributing to the deterioration of the physical eco - system around the areas in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Thus the influences of historical factors should be taken into account while the eco - system around the reservoir areas in contemporary era is harnessed.


Abstract : This thesis analyzes performance of the vision-based target-tracking system developed at the Naval Postgraduate School using the Monte Carlo method. Specifically, sensitivities of the target position estimation algorithm to various sensor errors are computed and analyzed. Furthermore, dependence of this algorithm on the performance of the target-tracking control system is established.


This research was performed to analyze the influence of debt equity ratio
(DER), investment opportunity set (IOS), managerial ownership, board of director
and audit committee on firm value
Sample of this research was companies listed in the Indonesian Stock
Exchange and include in the LQ45 index for the period of 2004-2006. Data was
collected from annual reports recorded in the 2007 Indonesian Capital Market
Directory (ICMD) and was analyzed using regression model.
The result of this research showed that DER and IOS positively affected firm
values. But this research shows that board of director and audit committee didn't
have influence to firm values. Meanwhile, managerial ownership negatively influence
to firm value.


Research has shown time and again that parents hold significant power in supporting learning. With the Curriculum for Excellence calling on schools to actively engage parents about their child's education, Geoff Jones offers some advice.


Risk Management The need to undertake consultation as part of the preparation of the Local Plan is required under Regulations pursuant to The Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2012 The consultation undertaken sought to bring the preparation of the Local Plan to as wide an audience as possible to ensure that those with an interest in the Local Plan have an opportunity to comment and so minimise the risk of challenge later on in the process of preparing the Local Plan.


The Imam (Al-Muqri Al-Jid) is considered one of the scholars of the MalikiFiqhSchool, which made every effort in his service, especially in the field of jurisprudence rules, where he worked through his groups to formulate jurisprudence in the form of precise rules to facilitate its use and facilitate reference to it. Although it is one of the most important sources of jurisprudence with abundance, benefit and simplicity of its style, it has not received much attention from students of this science and its followers, in the past and present. Therefore, I intend in this article to explain the contributions of the imam, may God have mercy on him, in the field of rules of jurisprudence, which enriched the Maliki Fiqh library, in the first part of the search, I got to know Imam al-Maqri, including the era which he lived, and in relation to the second part: I spoke about the subject of jurisprudence rules as a stand-alone science, then I spoke about his contributions at the end of the research, I followed in this research the descriptive method, as it is consistent with this type of studies, with regard to the description of Imam al-Maqri, as well as his works in the field of jurisprudence.


The innovation of physical education course types in higher vocational colleges is a requirement of the age.The malpractice of present Physical Education course types was analyzed.An innovation was proposed,which is to give basic and optional courses for fresh students,optional and professionally specific courses for students of the second and third year,and selective courses for students of all grades.Finally,countermeasures to achieve the remodeling objective were put forward.


Replacement of the sounder filter wheel in one of the clones of the GOES I-M satellite series with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) interferometer would improve retrieval performance and could be a pathfinder for technology employed in the next generation GOES series. Based on examination of an earlier proposal, NOAA decided to pursue the feasibility of such a FTIR replacement. The FTIR interferometer is to be as nearly a 'plug-in' replacement for the sounder filter wheel as possible. THis imposes some interesting and challenging optical, mechanical, and electronic constraints on the design and fabrication of the interferometer. This overview describes a brassboard design for a replacement FTIR interferometer and provides the background and the status of GHIS brassboard work-in- progress at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.


The ability to discriminate, characterise and purify biological cells from heterogeneous population of cells is fundamental to numerous prognosis and diagnosis applications; often forming the basis for current and emerging clinical protocols in stem cell therapy. Current sorting approaches exploit differences in cell density, specific immunologic targets, or receptor-ligand interactions to isolate particular cells. Identification of novel properties by which different cell types may be discerned and of new ways for their selective manipulation are clearly fundamental components for improving sorting methodologies. Biophotonics sensor developed by our team are potentially capable of discriminating cells according to their refractive index (which is highly dependable on the organelles inside the cell), size (indicator to cell stage) and shape (in certain cases as an indicator to cell type). The sensor, which already discriminate particles efficiently, is modified to acclimatize into biological environment, especially for stem cell applications.


The developing history of polymer materials tells that the invention of novel polymers with excellent performance is generally originated from the synthesis of new polymerizable monomers. Among kinds of monomers, benzocyclobutene (BCB) has attracted much interest because of its unique molecular structure and polymer properties (1-2). The structure of BCB is shown as following with the numbering system, the CA name of which is bicyclo[4,2,0]octa-1,3,5-triene. In terms of the four-membered ring structure, BCBs are able to transform into the reactive o-quinodimethane, also known as o-xylylene, upon heating at around 200 oC. This very reactive specie readily undergoes interand intramolecular DielsAlder reaction with various dienophiles to produce polycyclic compounds with high stability, such as cyclooctadiene. On the other hand, the polymerization of oquinodimethane similar to that of 1,3-diene would give linear polymers. Additionally, the reaction of BCB does not require any catalyst and release any small molecules, thus hardly introducing any impurities into materials. These features undoubtedly offer BCB based materials several superiorities in several specific applications, such as microelectronic applications, optic applications, electrical applications, etc.


To estimate breeding value, correlation and heritability in rice, two parental lines of rice, Mushk Budji and DHMAS 70Q 164-1b were crossed to generate F1 plant that was subsequently backcrossed to raise 29 BC1F1 plants. The best performing single BC1F1 plant was selected and selfed to raise BC1F2 population. The selected 14 BC1F2 plants were advanced to raise 104 BC1F2: 3 individuals. The observations were recorded on parents, BC1F1, BC1F2, BC1F2: 3 individuals for 13 agronomic and quality traits. The line SKUA-485 27–47 recorded high breeding values for all the traits. This line is expected to yield progenies having high grain yield and contributing traits. The parent offspring regression (rOP) is a direct measure of heritability in broad sense and was worked out using BC1F2 and BC1F2: 3 progenies and PH recorded high positive b-value of 0.75. The grain shape as measured by kernel length: breadth ratio showed high h2 (0.58). The highest correlation was recorded between traits grain yield and effective tillers per plant (r=0.760). Milled rice length recorded significant positive correlation with kernel length: breadth ratio and kernel length after cooking, while it showed negative but significant correlation with elongation ratio. Backcross generations particularly from genotype SKUA-485-27-47 were expected to recover progenies with more number of effective tillers per plant, high grain yield and short bold grain type.


Objective A total of 102 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis for over 3 months in our dialysis center were asked to complete the SF-36 scales.They were also assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD17).Univariate analysis was performed to determine the impact of factors such as age,gender,employment status,education,mental status and dialysis status on their quality of life.Methods The 102 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis for over 3 months in our dialysis center completed the SF-36 scales with self-administration,and they were also assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD17).Univariate analysis was performed to determine the impact of variables such as age,gender,employment status,education,mental status and dialysis status on the quality of life in patients.Results The scores of PF,RP,BP,GH,VT,SF,RE and MH in patients were significantly lower than those in the normal controls(P0.01).Univariate analysis demonstrated that depression,gender,employment status and history of other diseases were negatively correlated with the PCS and MCS(P0.05).Clinical correlation analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with PF,VT,SF and MCS(P0.05).Conclusion The quality of life of patients on maintenance hemodialysis is markedly lower than that of the general population.Depression,female gender,unemployment,history of other diseases and older age are significant factors of the quality of life for patients on maintenance hemodialysis.


1. Ozawa has proved some unicity theorems for entire functions in [7]. His main interest lies in the following problem: How does the distribution of zero-one sets affect the unicity in the case of entire functions ? In this paper we shall be concerned with the same problem. If two entire functions / and g have the same α-points with the same multiplicities, we denote this by f=a^g=a for simplicity's sake. And we denote the order of / by ρf. With this notation, we may state two unicity theorems in [7] as in the following manner.


Even though the general orientation of policy has been faultless, the ECB is still trailing behind state-of-the-art transparency. Previous MECB Reports have already pointed this out and some progress has been achieved but more remains to be done. At a time when euro area inflation expectations are ringing alarm bells, ECB credibility is sliding down. Since late 2005 the ECB has removed its highly accommodative stance, but inflation could have been lower even with the same path of interest rate decisions had not financial markets taken a long time to understand its aim. With the policy rate now close to 'neutral', financial markets face greater uncertainty about the next policy move, including its direction. This shows how important it is for the public to understand the reasoning behind the ECB's policy decisions. In a democracy, central bank independence must be constantly defended and the only defence is popular support. This is why central bankers must account for their decisions and why they cannot ignore public opinion. Support can be eroded by determined politicians, as evidenced by the declining trust in the ECB among French citizens. Such a development may tempt more politicians to earn popular support by criticizing the ECB and the repetition of largely misguided attacks may succeed in denting the reputation of the central bank. It should not be so. The solution is better communication, and not just toward the financial markets. Communication, in turn, must rest on a clear strategy and a high degree of transparency.


After studied the scientific concept of development,the author thought about the current situation and future development trend,aimed at the exam status at the present time,how to increase the examination result of theory of machines and mechanisms and educate the innovation capability person,brought up the following suggestions: update the creation spirit,multi-means examination and diversify education measures.


Roulette wheel method is often adopted in traditional genetic algorithm to improve evolution speed and solution quali-ty.Jobs with high production flexibility will lead to much more process plans and enhance the difficulty of scheduling problem.The optimality of job shop scheduling depends on the result of process planning.Symbiotic Evolutionary Algorithm(SEA) is a good alternative for dealing with the problem usually.A complex job shop scheduling problem is selected as the test-bed problem for symbiotic evolutionary algorithm to test and compare the performance of two parents selection operations,random and roulette wheel methods.The experimental results show the ineffectiveness of roulette wheel method selection both in accelerating evolution speed and improving solution quality.To improve SEA performance,"Worst strategy"is proposed to adjust the evolution process and shows better performance for different test-bed problems.


Hormesis is stimulation by low doses of any agent. Whole body exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation reduce total cancer mortality rates. Internal sources include plutonium, radium and radon. Information about the effects of low doses of external radiation is seven million person-years with contaminated and control nuclear workers. Both internal and external sources significantly reduce total cancer mortality rates. Human data confirm results previously obtained with experimental animals. Cancer mortality is of both personal and national concern. This country would have 200,000 fewer premature cancer deaths each year if the population received safe radiation supplementation equivalent to that of exposed nuclear workers. The thrust of international and national agencies must change from death, risk and protection to health and prolonged life. The $trillion saved in waste management would provide a $billion for safe radiation supplementation. Raising radiation limits would improve health for individuals and efficiency for the national economy. INTRODUCTION High and low doses of ionizing radiation elicit opposite reactions. Stimulation by low doses is called "radiation hormesis". This is proven by statistically significant results with microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, experimental animals and humans (1, 2). Excess radiation is considered to be harmfull; the opposite effect, induced by low dose irradiation, is beneficial. Major physiologic functions (Table 1) are benefitted. TABLE 1 RADIATION HORMESIS IN PHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS


A hollow vortex core in shallow liquid, produced inside a cylindrical reservoir using a rotating disk near the bottom of the container, exhibits interfacial polygonal patterns. These pattern formations are to some extent similar to those observed in various geophysical, astrophysical and industrial flows. In this study, the dynamics of rotating waves and polygonal patterns of symmetry-breaking generated in a laboratory model by rotating a flat disc near the bottom of a cylindrical tank is investigated experimentally. The goal of this paper is to describe in detail and to confirm previous conjecture on the generality of the transition process between polygonal patterns of the hollow vortex core under shallow water conditions. Based on the image processing and an analytical approach using power spectral analysis, we generalize in this work – using systematically different initial conditions of the working fluids – that the transition from any N-gon to (N+1)-gon pattern observed within a hollow core vortex of shallow rotating flows occurs in an universal two-step route: a quasi-periodic phase followed by frequency locking (synchronization). The present results also demonstrate, for the first time, that all possible experimentally observed transitions from N-gon into (N+1)-gon occur when the frequencies corresponding to N and N+1 waves lock at a ratio of (N-1)/N.


Since Mao's death and the demise of the radicals in late 1976, the fiscal system in China has undergone major structural changes, especially from 1980-84.1 This paper examines the effects of these reforms on central-provincial relations, in particular the degree of a) provincial compliance with central fiscal targets; b) interprovincial equality in the provision of social services; and c) central-provincial political conflict. Analysing provincial data on revenues and expenditures, public health as well as education services, and elite turn-over from 1979-86, preliminary findings suggest that these major reforms have enhanced provincial fiscal effort and reduced the level of central-provincial elite conflict, without significantly increasing the level of interprovincial variations in social service outputs. In the pages that follow, I will first describe the main features of central-provincial fiscal relations, before assessing the results of these reforms.


ABsmAcT. This paper has three purposes. The first is to present a direct example of a quotient of an injective space that is not itself injective. The second is to demonstrate that Theorem 3 in [2] is false. An s-dense subspace S of a free space F is not free by virtue of F/S having only values that are cofinal with w. Finally, we furnish a valid proof, independent of the aforementioned Theorem 3, that a subspace V of a free space is free if V satisfies Fuchs' countability condition.


The method of identification of the Nonlinear Choke Parameter (NCP) identification via a Modified artificial Recurrent Neural Network (MRNN) has been proposed and researched. The method makes it possible to use knowledge about the object for the synthesis of an MRNN structure and the computation of their coefficients from measured instantaneous values of currents and voltages in the circuit. NCP in the proposed MRNN were realized by expanding the input signal space of the network, using the normalized signals of polynomial terms. The proposed method can estimate MRNN structure to meets with NCP accuracy requirements. The NCP approximation in the one and a few function forms were also provided. The proposed method of NCP identification is based on the weighted MRNN coefficients. A comparison is made of the accuracy of identification of NCP for different MRNN structures and previously known measurement object data. An accuracy estimation for the models NCP in the form of a MRNN was made on mathematical models and on a real object.


The article analyzes the popular driving modes for batch-type cooling conveyor in aluminum ingot casting machines,based on comparisons among the modes,and researches the typical mode's stability. Finally it puts forward optimum driving mode and practical application situation.


This paper presents research and development of a WLAN-based, indoor, positioning system for dynamically and transparently recording medical residents location and time spent in each location. The developed system is prototyped using an increasingly popular wireless technology: IEEE 802.115 that is currently deployed in the hospitals where OU residents are trained. This paper discusses the positioning methodology, overall system architecture, and the developed software algorithms. It describes in detail the developed and prototyped system, including mobile software, positioning server, middle tiered software, and Web monitoring application. The prototype is implemented utilizing received signal strength intensity (RSSI) technique to instantaneously determine the positions of a mobile station. The developed system features many advantages: real-time information, low cost, low power consumption requirement, and transparency to the users.


We previously showed that the calcium channel blocker diltiazem raises cytosolic Ca2+ and inhibits PTH release in bovine parathyroid cells. To investigate further possible mechanisms underlying these effects, we examined the effects of the more potent diltiazem analog TA‐3090, which is a Ca2+ channel antagonist in vascular smooth muscle, on several aspects of the function of dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. Like diltiazem, TA‐3090 (10‐6‐10‐4) produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of immunoreactive PTH release at 0.5 mM Ca2+ and raised the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by 25‐50% in fura‐2‐loaded parathyroid cells in the presence but not in the absence of extracellular Ca2, suggesting that it activated rather than inhibited Ca2+ channels. To determine whether this compound affects other aspects of parathyroid function, we examined its effects on the inhibition of cAMP accumulation by Ca2+, a process we recently found to involve inhibition of cAMP generation by G1 through a receptorlike mechanism, which is independent of changes in cytosolic Ca2+, TA‐3090 (10−4 M) inhibited dopamine‐stimulated cAMP accumulation by up to 75% (from 663 to 166 fmol per 105 cells), with a higher apparent potency at greater extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Moreover, the addition of 10−4 M TA‐3090 potentiated the inhibitory effects of both Ca2+ and Mg2+, decreasing the concentration of the divalent cation necessary to produce half‐maximal inhibition of cAMP accumulation by about twofold. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, however, TA‐3090 had no effect on the stimulation of cAMP by dopamine or on the inhibition of dopamine‐stimulated cAMP accumulation by PGF2a, which also regulates cAMP via G1. Finally, the effects of TA‐3090 on the inhibition of cAMP by Ca2+ were totally abolished following preincubation with pertussis toxin for 20‐24 h. These data suggest that TA‐3090 not only modulates the function of bovine parathyroid cells at the level of Ca2+ channels per se but also may affect cAMP metabolism by potentiating the effects of high extracellular Ca2+ concentrations at or near the putative Ca2+ "receptor" or "sensor."


[Abstract] Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues of histone and non-histone proteins play vital roles in regulation of gene transcription. In plants, HDACs can be grouped into three families, including RPD3-type, SIR2-type and plant specific HD2-type HDACs. Here we describe a method to determine plant HDAC enzymatic activity. This protocol includes expression, purification and enzymatic activity assay of recombinant plant HDACs expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana).


In this study, TiO2-based ceramic nanofiber membranes in the system of TiO2–SiO2–Al2O3–ZrO2–CaO–CeO2 were synthesized by combining sol–gel and electrospinning processes. In order to investigate the thermal treatment temperature effect, the obtained nanofiber membranes were calcined at different temperatures ranging from 550 to 850 °C. Different characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were conducted on the obtained membranes to investigate the structural and morphological properties of the nanofibers. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the nanofiber membranes was very high (46.6–149.2 m2/g) and decreased with increasing calcination temperature as expected. Photocatalytic activity investigations were determined using methylene blue (MB) as a model dye under UV and sunlight irradiation. High degradation performances were achieved with the calcination temperatures of 650 and 750 °C because of the high specific surface area and the anatase structure of the nanofiber membranes. Moreover, the ceramic membranes showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli as a Gram-negative bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus as a Gram-positive bacterium. The superior properties of the novel TiO2-based multi-oxide nanofiber membranes proved as a promising candidate for various industries, especially the removal of textile dyes from wastewater.


Bacterial and other microbial contamination of fresh vegetables from the farm or garden to the market and to the final consumer remain a problem worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate the various possible bacterial species responsible for the contamination of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) in the Korle-Bu vegetable garden and Agbogbloshie market in the Accra Metropolis, Ghana. Sixty (60) cabbage samples were collected and investigated bacteriologically using standard Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) total aerobic plate count methods.Cabbage samples from the vegetable garden were found to be more contaminated than the market with a total mean colony count of 2.43×106 CFU/g and 1.53×106 CFU/g respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant bacteria isolated with a high percentage occurrence of 51% followed by Escherichia coli (28%), Bacillus sp. (12%), Streptococcus sp. (5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%). From the study, bacterial contamination of cabbage grown at the Korle-Bu vegetable garden and the Agbogbloshie market were all above the recommended standard levels especially E. coli which should be less than 10 bacteria per gram. Therefore it is recommended that these vegetables be thoroughly washed with safe water or saline solutions before processing and consumption especially where they are not going to be heated or cooked before consumption.

 Key words: Vegetables, Cabbage, Staphylococcus, Escherichia.


Adventure learning (AL) is an approach for the design of digitally- enhanced teaching and learning environments driven by a framework of guidelines grounded on experiential and inquirybased education. The purpose of this paper is to review the adventure learning literature and to describe the status quo of the practice by identif ying the current knowledge, misconceptions, and future opportunities in adventure learning. Specifical ly, the authors present an integrative analysis of the adventure learning literature, identify knowledge gaps, present future research directions, and discuss research methods and approach es that may improve the AL approach.


Optical tracking systems have become state-of-the-art in radiation therapy. Nevertheless, they still cannot cope with the properties of soft tissue. We are developing a non-invasive method to automatically detect the cranial bone's surface using only infrared laser light. Here, we present simulations to describe the influence of increased incident angles of the laser ray on the forehead's surface caused by replacing the original robotic setup by galvanometric scanning mirrors. We show that the usable area on the forehead (angles below 45°) will decrease, but that successful scanning is still possible when the scanning distance is increased from 300 to 500 mm. These results are confirmed when comparing optical scans acquired with the robotic setup and the scanning mirror assembly. Additionally, we could determine the needed depth of field for three subjects (based on high-resolution MRI scans). At a distance of 500 mm, it ranges from 37 to 86 mm.


This study focuses on the significance,necessity,feasiblility and relevant measures of putting emotion education into high school physical education,starting from general concepts.


Extensive research has been carried out on intersection classification to assist the navigation in autonomous maneuvering of aerial, road, and cave mining vehicles. In contrast, our work tackles intersection classification at pedestrian-view level to support navigation of the slower and smaller robots for which it is too dangerous to steer on a normal road along with the usual vehicles. Particularly, we focus on investigating the kind of features a network may exploit in order to classify intersection at pedestrian-view. To this end, two sets of experiments have been conducted using an ImageNet-pretrained ResNet-18 architecture fine-tuned on our image-level pedestrian-view intersection classification dataset. First, ablation study is performed on layer depth to evaluate the importance of high-level feature, which demonstrated superiority in using all of the layers by yielding 77.56% accuracy. Second, to further clarify the need of such high level features, Class Activation Map (CAM) is applied to visualize the parts of an image that affect the most on a given prediction. The visualization justifies the high accuracy of an all-layers network.


The aim of this study was identification and characterization of highly efficient Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) producing bacteria in activated sludge. Among 74 isolated bacteria, 20 EPS-producing bacteria were obtained from wastewater treatment plant of Bojnourd. EPS extraction was performed using absolute ethanol after glucose-enriched culture. Dry weight, concentration, and the ratio of carbohydrate to protein for the EPS of each isolate was then determined. Molecular identification of four bacteria with the highest EPS production was carried out using 16S rRNA gene amplification. The results showed that these bacteria are belonging to the genus Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. EPS productions were studied in different conditions (carbon and nitrogen sources, different levels of glucose and yeast extract and temperature) for the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas.The production of EPS was observed highest while in the presence of 2.5 to 3% glucose and 0.5% yeast extract at temperature of 30 to 37°C.


As a representation of relational data over time series, longitudinal networks provide opportunities to study link formation processes. However, networks at scale often exhibits community structure (i.e. clustering), which may confound local structural effects if it is not considered appropriately in statistical analysis. To infer the (possibly) evolving clusters and other network structures (e.g. degree distribution and/or transitivity) within each community, simultaneously, we propose a class of statistical models named Temporal Hierarchical Exponential Random Graph Models (THERGM). Our generative model imposes a Markovian transition matrix for nodes to change their membership, and assumes they join new community in a preferential attachment way. For those remaining in the same cluster, they follow a specific temporal ERG model (TERGM). While a direct MCMC based Bayesian estimation is computational infeasible, we propose a two-stage strategy. At the first stage, a specific dynamic latent space model will be used as the working model for clustering. At the second stage, estimated memberships are taken as given to fit a TERG model in each cluster. We evaluate our methods on simulated data in terms of the mis-clustering rate, as well as the goodness of fit and link prediction accuracy.


White light emitting devices have attracted great attention for their use in liquid crystal monitor screens and white light emitting diodes (W-LEDs). Glasses singly or doubly doped with lanthanide ions may be good white light emitters. In particular, various glass systems containing Pr3+ were studied from this point of view. In this work, germanate glasses doubly doped with Ce3+ and Pr3+ ions were prepared by traditional melt quenchingtechnique. The excitation and emission spectra of lanthanide ions were measured. The emission bands corresponding to characteristics transitions of Pr3+ and transition of Ce3+ ions from 5d level to 4f levels (2F7/2 and 2F5/2) are quite well observed. It indicates that the energy transfer process between Ce3+ and Pr3+ ions in germanate glasses occurs. From the emission spectra, the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (x, y) were calculated in relation to potential application for white LEDs. Luminescence decay analysis is also presented and discussed in details. The obtained results suggest the possibility of using these Ce3+/Pr3+ co-doped glass systems for future application to white light generation.


Electronic delocalization, a central concept in organic chemistry, is being invoked increasingly in biological contexts [1–3]. We have discovered a non-covalent interaction in proteins, termed the n→π* interaction, in which the lone pair (n) of the oxygen (Oi–1) of a peptide bond overlaps with the antibonding orbital (π*) of the carbonyl group (C′i=Oi) of the subsequent peptide bond (Figure 1A, B) [1]. The n→π* interaction is reminiscent of the renowned Bürgi–Dunitz trajectory [1c] and analogous to a hydrogen bond, which likewise involves the delocalization of a lone pair of an acceptor atom over the antibonding orbital (σ*) of a donor [2]. The stereochemical constraints required for an energetically meaningful n→π* interaction are met in several fundamental structural elements in proteins, including α-helices, 310 helices, and polyproline II type helices, as well as within the backbone of peptoids. A signature of the n→π* interaction is a short Oi–1··C′i contact [3]. Others have argued that the attractive C=O···C=O interaction is primarily a dipole–dipole (Figure 1C) [4] or a charge–charge interaction (Figure 1D) [5]. We used a peptidic model system (Figure 2) to explore the origin of this interaction. Regardless of the nature of the interaction between the adjacent carbonyl groups, the interaction stabilizes the trans conformation preferentially over the cis conformation. Thus, the value of Ktrans/cis reports on the strength of the C=X···C=O interaction.


The world uranium market became much more complex in 1992 when actions of the US Dept. of Commerce resulted in the development of a two-tiered pricing system. These governmental actions severely restrict uranium imports from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) into the United States. Consequently, prices in the restricted US market have increased modestly, to about $10/lb U[sub 3]O[sub 8], while non-US prices have declined slightly to somewhat less than $8/lb U[sub 3]O[sub 8]. World uranium production, which is becoming increasingly well-defined as additional information trickles out of the former Eastern Bloc, declined by about 12% from 1991 levels, to 93.4 million lb U[sub 3]O[sub 8]. Consumption remained steady at 145 million lb/yr U[sub 3]O[sub 8]. This growing supply-demand gap would auger well for the uranium industry were it not for a substantial overhang of excess inventory and potential additions from nuclear disarmament. A reasonable supply-demand balance is unlikely to occur before the turn of the century. The effects of weapons conversion on the uranium market are discussed.


Abstract 4392 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disorder and an independent risk factor for stroke. It′s prevalence in AF pts without oral anticoagulation (OA) is 1 to 12%. OA is recommended in all valvular AF pts and in non valvular AF pts associated with other risk factors for stroke (CHADS2 score >1). Objective: to evaluate characteristics, evolution and incidence of thrombosis and bleeding in pts with AF under OA for at least 3 months. Methods: we retrospectively analyzed 850 pts between Jan 2003 and Jan 2010. Results: the mean follow-up was 25 months (range 3–169). The features of the entire group are listed in the table below: Minor bleeding was observed in 32.7% of the entire group (278/850) and major bleeding in 2.7% (23/850). Most of the major bleedings occurred at the gastrointestinal tract, and 53% of those pts presented INR Conclusion: 45% of the pts were older than 74 years and most of them disclosed valvular AF. Minor bleeding was 15.4%/year, major bleeding: 1%/year, and thrombosis: 0.42%/year, according to the current literature. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


As part of a biomonitoring programme on pistachio orchards in
South Africa, spiders were collected from tree canopies in
three orchards from January 2001 to December 2002, using an
insecticide mistblower and dichlorvos as a knockdown agent.
Sampling was conducted in two orchards (GVN 1 and GVN 19) on
the Green Valley Nuts Estate, and one orchard (REM) on the farm
Remhoogte. In total, 5843 spiders were collected, representing
18 families and 88 species.Numbers and diversitywere highest
inREM( n= 2240, 69 species.), followed byGVN1 ( n=2055, 64
species) and GVN 19 ( n= 1548, 47 species). Three species
dominated the spider fauna: the dumping spider Heliophanus
pistachio Wesolowska (53.4%), the sac spider Cheiracanthium
furculatum Karsch (12.7%) and the orb-web spider Neoscona
subfusca(C L Koch) (6.4%).


This article explores the paradigm shift in the idea of international cultural exchange in the interwar period, mainly focusing on the discourse in the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations. It shows that the ICIC, initially established as a universal community of intellectuals sharing values of Western civilization, confronted challenges from Japan and China emphasizing the role of governments and the signifi cance of national cultures. As a result, the ICIC moved away from the universalism of Western civilization and came to seek a close cooperation with governments and to underscore the particularity of national cultures in its ideas and programs. The article argues that this paradigm shift from universality to particularity of culture, from intellectual cooperation to international cultural exchange, was brought about by Asian countries such as Japan and China, and accordingly that the idea of international cultural exchange can be regarded as a globalized and transcultural product which emerged from the web of interactions between the ICIC on one hand and Japan and China on the other, as well as between Europe and Asia.


The importance of the role of entrepreneurship in managing the economy of nature management is due to the fact that its overall development is the basis for maintaining healthy competition in the country, as well as an important condition for increasing the level of competitiveness of natural products and services. for its part on the national stage. Entrepreneurship provides the economy with the necessary flexibility, as it responds faster to the emergence of new market niches and new needs. The author of the article considers entrepreneurship in the management of the economy of nature management in relation to small and medium-sized businesses at the country level as the most important condition for its adaptation to the conditions of a market economy. On the example of subjects of ecological entrepreneurship, the measures of their financial support, carried out on the principles of public-private partnership, are analyzed. It is emphasized that, along with the existing problems, business is a dynamically developing sector of the ecological economy, the successful functioning of which is possible if there is a systemic interaction between state structures and the business community. In the course of the study, the experience of forming business entities that provide environmental entrepreneurship is summarized, and the vectors for introducing the effects of greening production into practice are identified. Recommendations are given to increase the role of entrepreneurship in the management of the economy of nature management, which consists in changing the leading method of integration.


We examined several aspects of attachment in marriage, including the association among attachment style, mental models of the spouse, satisfaction, affect regulation within the marriage, the stability of attachment style, and its operationalization. Fifty-three married couples completed initial assessments, and 44 participated in a 24-month follow-up. Attachment style was related to positive and negative affect immediately preceding a potentially stressful event and to the mental model of the spouse. Approximately 35% of the subjects changed their attachment style rating over a 2-year period; later attachment style was related to changes in mental models of the spouse. Categorical and dimensional measures of attachment style did not yield equivalent results. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.


Li2CO3 and LiCl were used as lithium precursors and mixed with FeC2O4·2H2O,NH4H2PO4 respectively,which were activated by ball-milling as raw materials at room temperature.Pure phase LiFePO4 was synthesized by sintering at high temperature under the protection of the inert gases.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical charge and discharge test.Effects of different lithium precursors and sintering temperature on physical and electrochemical performances of LiFePO4 were investigated.The results show that Olivine-type LiFePO4 can be obtained by using Li2CO3 and LiCl as lithium precursors,but the samples synthesized by LiCl contain a few impurities such as Fe2P2O7,LiFe5O8.The samples using Li2CO3 as lithium precursor sintered at 650℃ for 12h showed excellent electrochemical performance.At room temperature,the initial specific discharge capacity were 153.9mAh/g at 0.1C,and 126.5mAh/g at 1C.The materials showed better cycle performance.


The Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China. We study the compositions of n-alkanes and their hydrogen isotope in sediments from the lake,and discuss the genesis of their compositions by the comparison with previous study results of plants from the lake and its surrounding areas. Our results show that the n-alkanes in the surface and core sediments have a similar distribution which reflects the source from terrestrial herbaceous plants in the surrounding regions of the lake. The hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanes in the surface and core sediments are also similar,which indicates that n-alkanes in the sediments were derived from terrestrial herbaceous plants in surrounding regions of the lake. This study further demonstrates that the hydrogen isotopic compositions of n-alkanes in lake sediment reflect the biological source hydrogen isotopic signals that are related to paleoclimate. Therefore,δD values of n-alkanes in lake sediment can be used to indicate paleoclimate.


Unsaturated carbenes, provide a ready means of entry into numerous, diverse small ring systems. They have been employed to prepare strained alkylidenecyclopropanes that open up to the corresponding trimethylenemethanes or in one case m-xylylene. Triafulvenes, [3]-radialenes as well as [4]-radialenes and cyclynes have been prepared by addition of unsaturated carbenes to appropriate π-systems. They show great potential for the simple preparation of novel small ring heterocycles. Potential formation of allene oxides, allene episulfides, α-lactams and heterocumulene oxides are discussed.


Characteristics of more than one class of ouabain receptors which appear to exist in ferret heart were examined. In isolated papillary muscle, 1 to 30 nM ouabain produced a positive inotropic effect in the presence of 5 ..mu..M propranolol and 2 ..mu..M phentolamine. Higher concentrations of ouabain (0.1 to 10 ..mu..M) produced an additional and prominent inotropic effect. In partially purified Na, K-ATPase, ouabain caused a monophasic inhibition; however, the concentration-inhibition curve spanned over 5 log units, indicating that ouabain is interacting with more than a single class of the enzyme. Scatchard analysis of specific /sup 3/H-ouabain binding revealed approximately equal abundance of high and low affinity binding sites. The K/sub D/ value for high affinity sites was approximately 20 nM whereas that for low affinity sites was about 45 times higher. When phosphoenzyme was formed in the presence of (..gamma..-/sup 32/P)-ATP, Mg/sup 2 +/ and Na/sup +/ and subjected to SDS gel electrophoresis, two distinct K/sup +/-sensitive bands with about 100,000 dalton molecular weight were detected. Molecular weight difference between these two bands was approximately 2500 dalton. Phosphorylation of either band was abolished by 1 ..mu..M ouabain suggesting that both bands may correspond to the high-affinity binding sites. Thesemore » results indicate that high and low affinity ouabain binding sites exists in approximately equal abundance in the ferret heart, and that binding of ouabain to these sites cases Na,K-ATPase inhibition and the positive inotropic effect.« less


A large number of middle-small business enterprise play an important role in national economy. But they have a lot of problems in margin aspect. This article analysed reasons about loaning, assuring, marketing and issuing, and put forward some rationlization proposal.


Low Back Pain et causa Spondylosis Lumbar is a degenerative process that occurs in the corpus and the intervertebral disc due to a decrease in the density ofthe corpus intervertebra and narrowing of the corpus intervertebral causedthinning of the disc, along with lower back pain due to stress back muscles,tendons, ligaments with symptoms such as Local pain not accompanied bytingling, weakness or neurological disorders. Problems of physiotherapy includepain silent press and motion in the lower back spasm, decreased trunk musclestrength, range of motion limitations trunk, decreased functional activity. In thiscase the selected intervention technologies to overcome the above problems byusing ultrasound modality, transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation andWilliam's flexi exercise. Design research with descriptive method used in thepreparation of scientific papers is a case study. The taking of scientific papers isdone in RSUD Kraton Pekalongan. Based therapy that has been done obtained the following results: (1)decrease in silent pain becomes T6 T1 = 8 = 2, the tenderness T1 = 2 to T6 = 1,and the motion pain becomes T1 = 4.8 T6 = 1, (2) a decrease in muscle spasm atT1 = spasm, at T6 = spasm but decreases, (3) an increase in muscle strength m.Flexor trunk T1 = 2 to T6 = 3, at m. extensor trunk T1 = 2 to T6 = 3, (4) anincrease in the scope of flexion trunk T1 = 4 to T6 = 6, the extension trunk T1 = 4to T6 = 6, lateral dextra trunk T1 = 3 to T6 = 8, lateral sinistra Trunk T1 = 8 to T6= 9 (5) an increase in functional activity T1 = 18% to T6 = 2%. With the results obtained it can be concluded that the use of the modalitiesof physiotherapy with ultrasound, transcutaneus electrical nerve stimulation andWilliam's flexi physiotherapy exercise can help the problems arising from lowback pain lumbar spondylosis et causa.


Culinary is an inseparable thing for tourists visiting an area and can be a means of marketing strategy for the uniqueness of an area. However, the process of obtaining culinary information in Balikpapan area is still quite difficult to find. There are several difficulties that may be encountered by tourists, namely the limited culinary information of Balikpapan online, the differences in language used such as the use of local languages, the culinary locations that are difficult to reach


RICHARD CORNELL State University of New York at Buffalo D ESPITE IDEOLOGICAL claims to universality and avowed agreement on the desirability of creating a "world socialist order," the international communist movement exhibits today very little of the unity and cohesion which communist leaders all have recognized as being essential to their objectives. One may readily observe that communist parties in different nation-states differ from each other to a greater or lesser degree-the parties emphasize different parts, or new, revised, or adapted versions, of the ideology; they pursue different policies; they are of different s rengths and have had different degrees of success in winning adherents; they play different roles in their national life and have different expectations as to the future. While all of this is clear, what is considerably less evident are the reasons therefor. There has been far too little attention devoted to providing a systematic answer to a very basic question-why do communist parties and communist movements, in fact, differ from one another? It will be my purpose in what follows, therefore, to argue for and present a framework for the comparative analysis of communist movements. It has been said that "polycentrism became an irreversible phenomenon from the day that . . . [both the Soviet Union and Communist China] claimed to provide the only authentic interpretation of a universal truth."2 Are not the roots of polycentrism, the basic, "irreversible" diversity of communism as an international political movement, found, however, as far back in time as the point at which communist parties were first formed in countries other than Russia? The early years of international communism were in fact years of polycentrism. The nationalist, "autonomist" orientation of many of the early European communists was, after all, one of the most difficult obstacles in the way of the efforts of the Russian Bolsheviks


As the amount of data increases, the data can obey either a single distribution, two distributions or even multiple distributions. If the distribution parameters and mixing ratio can be estimated for mixed data, it will be beneficial to further analysis and research in practical applications. In this paper, the EM algorithm and the Nelder-Mead(NM) algorithm are applied to the mixed parameter estimation of the two distributions, including mixing two identical distributions, mixing two different distributions, and comparing the EM algorithm and the Nelder-Mead algorithm to estimate the accuracy of the mixed distribution parameter estimation and its initial comparison. The stability of the value and other advantages and disadvantages. A large amount of data simulation results found that the EM algorithm has a good effect on the estimation of mixed distribution parameters, with high accuracy and fast convergence. The initial value selection has little effect on the results, and the preliminary derivation process is more complicated; the Nelder-Mead algorithm has a good effect on the estimation of mixed distribution parameters. High precision, fast convergence speed, the initial value selection has a greater impact on the result, the preliminary derivation process is relatively simple, and the application range is wide. When the initial value is close to the peak value of the real data, the parameter estimation effect is better; the two algorithms have poorer effect on the unimodal distribution parameter estimation for the data, and the bimodal distribution parameter estimation effect is better.


The article firstly points out that in order to realize China modernization and enhance the country overall strength, it is a must to put strong emphasis on the development and composition research of high-tech industry. The author also analizes the fast-growing trend and current issues of China high-tech development in recent years, as well as the current research status of this subject within China anthropogeography science group. In the end, the article raises several opinions and suggestions on how to strengthen the research of high-tech industry development and composition.


Background Differences in peak expiratory flow (PEF) in children have been shown using a short exhalation PEF compared with a forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvre, when measured by turbine spirometry. Furthermore, PEF measures using a traditional Wright's scale PEF metre have been compared with those measured by FVC using a pneumotachograph in adults. The traditional Wright's scale may give rise to misleading results in children, and as such universal adoption of the EU scale has been advocated in the UK. To our knowledge, no study has compared PEF measured using a mini-Wright's EU scale PEF metre and PEF measured by FVC manoeuvres using a pneumotachograph in children. Methods A retrospective review of children attending asthma clinic at a tertiary paediatric asthma clinic were carried out. Children underwent spirometry (Jaeger Masterscreen PFT Pro) using a pneumotachograph in accordance with ATS/ERS guidelines. In addition, peak expiratory flow (PEF) using a mini-Wright's PEF metre (Clement-Clarke International) was performed by each subject. Bland and Altman statistics were used to assess the limits of agreement for PEF measured by the two different techniques. Results 161 children (90 male) aged 4–17 years with mean (sd) age of 10.1 (3.2) years were analysed. PEF measures varied from 87 to 613 l/min on spirometry, and from 100 to 570 l/min with the PEF metre. The mean (sd) difference between PEF measures by spirometry and PEF metre was 1.1 (23.5) l/min. A Bland-Altman plot showing mean (+/−2SD) difference is shown (Abstract P130 Figure 1).Abstract P130 Figure 1 Discussion Whilst close agreement for a childhood asthma population was demonstrated for two measures of PEF, individual differences could be quite marked with 100 l/min differences in PEF measurement being seen in either direction. One should be aware of potential differences in PEF measures when choosing testing equipment. Consideration should be given to dual measures of PEF in the setting of paediatric asthma (and not simply relying on a mini-Wright's PEF alone).


We consider the following balls-into-bins process with n bins andmballs: Each ball is equipped with a mutually independent exponential clock of rate 1. Whenever a ball's clock rings, the ball samples a random bin and moves there if the number of balls in the sampled bin is smaller than in its current bin. This simple process models a typical load balancing problem where users (balls) seek a selfish improvement of their assignment to resources (bins). From a game theoretic perspective, this is a randomized approach to the well-known KPmodel [1], while it is known as Randomized Local Search (RLS) in load balancing literature [2], [3]. Up to now, the best bound on the expected time to reach perfect balance was O((ln n)2+ln(n)⋅n 2/m) due to [3]. We improve this to an asymptotically tight O(ln(n)+n2/m). Our analysis is based on the crucial observation that performing destructive moves (reversals of RLS moves) cannot decrease the balancing time. This allows us to simplify problem instances and to ignore "inconvenient moves" in the analysis.


A series of new thermo-cross-linkable polymers with both excellent transparency and thermostability derived from a biorenewable plant oil (anethole) are reported here. By using the plant oil as the feedstock, a new monomer (anethole-based acrylate) containing propenyl and acryloyl functional units is successfully synthesized via a simple two-step reaction route. Copolymerizing the monomer with methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of radical initiator gives the copolymers, which are postpolymerized at high temperature to form the polymers, exhibiting the thermostability and the transmittance depending on the content of the anethole-based acrylate. With the increasing of the content of the anethole-based acrylate, the thermostability of the cross-linked polymers raises while the transparency decreases. The best results are obtained when the molar ratio between methyl acrylate and anethole-based acrylate is 2:1. In that case, the cured polymer shows a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 148 °C and a coeffic...


Women mental health is a major public health challenge.
Over the past three decades, there has been growing interest in the understanding of the strong influence of sex hormones on women's mental and physical health. In particular, the literature clearly documents that fluctuating levels of reproductive hormones can manifest as premenstrual, perinatal, and perimenopausal psychiatric disorders in women who are vulnerable to these fluctuations. Perinatal depression is a global epidemic with adverse life-long consequences for the mother, the partner and the offspring. For many women perinatal period is a challenging time, with an increased rate of mental illness, aggravated by widespread stigma. Therefore, suicide is a major cause of maternal deaths.
Despite the high prevalence of perinatal depression most cases remain undetected leading to an increased burden of the disease.
The need and the modality to perform screening programs in order to prevent and reduce the negative impact of perinatal depression are still a matter of controversy.
International guidelines highlight the failure of the screening plans when they are not linked to treatment options.
SOS MAMMA counselling service is a program that was born in 2012 at Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, providing support for women with perinatal depression. This service supplies a free multidisciplinary counselling, performed by at least a psychiatrist, psychologist, maternal/child health nurses, obstetrician and gynaecologist. After the first referral, the health professionals offer an integrated therapeutic program individualized for each woman, with psychological sessions, pharmacological options, light therapy, and trauma focused therapy depending on the case.
Finally, the author on behalf of an Inter-University Roman Group, present the protocol of a multicenter prospective clinical trial designed to perform a screening for perinatal depression in pregnant women.


Individual sodium salts of branched perfluorocarboxylic acids, (CF 3 ) 2 CF(CF 2 CF 2 ) n COONa, and their analogs containing one chlorine atom, CF 3 CF(CF 2 Cl)(CF 2 CF 2 ) n COONa, were synthesized by telomerization of 2-iodoheptafluoropropane and 1-chloro-2-iodohexafluoropropane with tetrafluoroethene, the addition of ethylene to both types of iodides considered, HI elimination and the oxidation of perfluoroalkylethylenes with potassium bichromate


Thefast development of scientific and technical progress pushes the scientific community to search for alternative solu-tions and approaches for obtaining details using non-traditional technologies. One of the most common nowadays are additive technologies, better known as 3D printing from various powdered materials.When planning technological processes, in front of the developers always have relevant tasks which aimed to increasing the efficiency of the implementation of the 3D technology process, also improving the technological equipment. The main efforts are aimed at improving the quality indicators of the internal structure of alloyed products.The aim of this work is to improve the quality of the internal microstructure of fused primitives from the AlSi10Mg powder composition, due to the addition of a static magnetic field to the laser processing zone when implementing the DMLS technology.Taking into account the high complexity of physical processes and the large number of technological factors that affect the implementation of DMLS technology, the methods of mathematical statistics that have proven themselves well for solving this kind of tasks. When studying the effect of a static magnetic field on the focal area of a gas-powder flow, the optimal control parameters for the process of laser fusion of experimental samples from the AlSi10Mg powder composition were established.In this work, the effect of a static magnetic field on the microstructure of the AlSi10Mg powder composition was investi-gated. The results showed that the applied magnetic field leads to an increase in the relative density (a decrease in the porosity of the internal microstructure and a decrease in the spacing between dendrites in the treated material. In addition, with an increase in the intensity of the magnetic field, the share of grains with a columnar morphology decreases, and the share of equiaxed grains increases.


A system of generalized Low equations in the model of Chew is established. The cross-section for production of two positive pi mesons in a P- state is deduced by a onemeson approximation. The corresponding integral equation is numerically solved by using the experimental phaseshifts and the invalidity of an iteration solution is showed. Every numerical approximation done in the text was tested. (auth)


SUMMARY Gallbladder abnormalities, especially bilobed gallbladder, have been rarely reported in cats because they are not associated with evident clinical symptoms, and they are usually determined at necropsy, incidentally. In this case report, a 5 year old, male, tabby cat with complaints of loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, vomiting and icterus for 2 days was clinically examined and ultrasound-guided indirect cholecystography revealed a bilobed gallbladder coupled to extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Choledochoduodenostomy was performed and antibiotherapy was instituted in the post-operative period because of the associated cholangiohepatitis evidenced by laparotomy and microbiological examinations of the biopsied liver samples and of the free peritoneal fluid. The general condition of the cat was improving and icterus disappeared during the first week; however, dehydratation occurred soon after and the diagnosis of acute nephritis was established based on dramatically elevated uraemia and creatininemia and ultrasonographical examination. Cat died on day 16. In the present case, it was considered that the bilobed gallbladder has promoted cholangiohepatitis that in turn leaded to extrahepatic biliary obstruction but possible complications to other organ systems such as kidneys may also be investigated .


This paper presents an evolutionary approach to solve the data path allocation problem in high-level synthesis. From a behavioral description and a set of constraints, the method generates a VHDL RTL data path and a controller structure with a minimal cost. The proposed method was implemented using the C language on a Linux workstation. We tested our method on various high-level synthesis benchmarks, all yielding good solutions in a short time. Designs were validated using Altera Max+Plus II.


The information contained in this article seeks to raise awareness of the environmental pollution generated by the immeasurable growth of construction projects; from an academic exercise that aims to evaluate the environmental impact produced by a work of low magnitude. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a methodology that involves defining the baseline, describing the phases and activities, establishing the checklist, evaluating the Leopold matrix and, finally, proposing mitigation strategies as a thematic result of the research. To this is added the reflection that accompanies the process, from an analytical, interpretative or critical perspective that highlights the importance of putting this type of research into practice for any


This research had as main objective to diagnose the corporate image of the Jatun Sacha Foundation meet its target audiences. After the investigation, it was learned that the young people of Quito do not know the existence of Jatun Sacha and the work of care and protection that makes the environment. Moreover, the lack of implementation of communication tools have hampered the process of disseminating information on the organization preventing this goal by maintaining volunteer program for about 25 years group is included…


Immersive experience is a new type of interaction that integrates culture and technology, and it shows great promise for application by combining with multi-panel content. With the continuous development of virtual technology, immersive experience is also applied to art exhibitions and obtains surprising effects. People are not satisfied with the original way of art appreciation, and the increase of aesthetic demand also requires more diversified ways of exhibition, which has led to the prevalence of immersive exhibitions. In recent years, there have been few attempts at immersive art exhibitions, and the organizers have succeeded in creating very creative presentations. This paper takes "Van Gogh's Secret World" as an objective, and the result shows the features of the immersive experience, include the concept and history of immersive experiences, and the expressions and characteristics of immersive experience in art exhibitions, hope can help people look into the future of the interactive art.


Demand for particle reinforced composite materials gradually increases and that leads to the use of inexpensive particles or solid waste particles as a reinforcement phase to lower the cost of the composite. Silica sand (SiO2) is an industrial waste that contributes to the strength of the aluminium matrix. Therefore, an attempt is made to use 10 wt. % of silicon dioxide as hardening of particles to obtain composite materials with an aluminium matrix. A stir casting method was used to produce the aluminium matrix. The mechanical and optical microstructural properties of the newly developed Al /SiO2 composites were studied. Al / SiO2 composites were processed using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) to optimize processing parameters such as pulse-on time (μs), pulse-off time (μs) and current (A) to improve material removal rate (MRR). The model was confirmed and good agreement was reached.


Athletic women can present menstrual cycle irregularities, named menstrual disfunctions, have as   form of oligomenorrhea (menstruation scarce or none frequent) and amenorrhea (absence of        around 180 days or more). When menstrual function it's normal receive the name of eumenorrhea (WILMORE e COSTIL, 2001). It prevailing these functions among athletes it's not well documented, therefore the Sandoval´s studies (2002), Baker (1981) e Loucks e Horsvath (1985) they affirm among swimmers the amenorrhea incident is less if compared to ballerinas, long distance runners and gymnastic athletes. Objective: to verify the happening of menstrual dysfunctions at juniors swimmers athletes of categories I and II. Methodology: It was used a sampling of 64 athletes with age between 17 and 19, those ones took part in Swimming Interfederative Brazilian Championship between 8th and 10th of July 2005, at Aquatic Park of UniEVANGELICA, city of Anapolis-GO. It was applied a questionnaire to the athletes to evaluate the prevailing of menstrual dysfunctions, as well, sympton and menarche age. Results: 75% of sampling are with eumenorrhea, 21,9% with oligomenorrhea and 3,1% with amenorrhea. 70,3% has pre-menstrual symptom. The average of the menarche it was 12,76 years old with DP of 1,24. Conclusion: the happening of menstrual disturbed at swimmers athletes it was 25% at total. Sampling analyzed, 3,1% had amenorrhea and 21,9% had oligomenorrhea. The percentage of oligomenorreicas swimmers analyzed confered with found at athletic population, showing that have training interference at this dysfunction emergence. The percentage of amenorrhea checked with the one found at general feminine population, proving no interference about training. The average age to menarche presented similar to non-athletes and the main pre-menstrual symptoms described were: irritability, bosom pain, weakness, pelvic pain, headache and legs ache.


This item contains meeting notes for the thirteenth meeting of the Empathy Group, an interdisciplinary research group at Bath Spa University.


The high-current, relativistic electron beam (10-20kA, 5MeV, 40ns) of the SuperIBEX accelerator is transported from its diode to an experimental chamber along a wire that has an externally driven current flowing in the same direction as the electron beam current. The magnetic field from the wire current both guides the beam and smears out coherent radial beam oscillations. The wire cell is used to damp the initial radial motion to decrease the growth of the resistive hose instability in the air propagation region following the wire cell. Experimental parameters varied in this study include wire cell current (Iw<;Ib) and cell gas pressure (full atmospheric pressure or vacuum). The effects of these parameters on the cell transport efficiency (Iout/Iin) beam pulse length (tp), and beam radial profile (Ib(r, t)) were measured with an array of diagnostics. The beam spatial profile was measured optically using Čerenkov light generated as it passed through a thin FEP teflon foil at the cell exit using an ultra-fast, 4 channel framing camera and one or more streak cameras. Electrical measurements included non-interceptive beam position monitors at the input and exit of the wire cell and a 5-element, segmented, concentric Faraday collector which could be mounted to intercept the beam. The results of this experiment are compared with theory and numerical simulations.


Enterprises migrations research is an essential topic in economic geography,which provide us a unique perspective to understand the evolution and formation mechanisms of industrial spatial pattern.In this paper,we will use some information about scales,forms,distances and length of span to examine the characteristics of manufacturing enterprises migrations in larges cities of western China.To a certain extent,it can reveal the models,paths and mechanisms of enterprises migrations since 1949.The results show that the models of manufacturing enterprises migrations of large cities in western China have changed from "Gradient"pattern(government-oriented) to combinations of "Progressive"pattern(enterprises-oriented) and "Leapfrog" pattern(government-oriented),which goes through three stages,namely,"Inward concentration","Both inward concentration and outward disperse" and "great-leap-outward dispersion and concentration in some regions".The factors including politics,economy and enterprises have effectively promoted the relocation of the manufacturing enterprises in different modes during different periods,which led to more complicated and diversified migration models.


This paper presents the results of a study of a number of full depth or deep strength asphalt pavements constructed in Melbourne and Sydney between 1970 and 1981. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of the pavements based on a visual rating and a structural evaluation. The performance of the pavements thus determined is compared with the performance predictions determined using the naasra guide to the structural design of pavements. The measured properties of the asphalt layers are compared with the values determined using the procedures in the naasra guide (a). For the number of the covering record of the conference, see IRRD no 814452.


Aquaculture produces considerable quantities of organic matter, ammonia, and phosphorus during cultivation processes. Aquaculture waste left without proper treatment may cause deterioration to the water quality inside the pond or receiving water. The polysulfone (PSF) membranes were prepared via a dry/wet phase inversion technique and were analyzed to determine their potential for aquaculture wastewater treatment. The results indicate that the tailored membranes have a good quality permeate which can retain up to 66% ammonia, 85% total ammonia (TAN) and 95% phosphorus with high flux permeability (0.499–0.712 L/m 2 .h). This promising result was observed at pH 6 with a 6-bar applied pressure. It was also found that by altering the pH, the membrane surface charge changed. Furthermore, membrane surface charge plays an important role in the enhancement of membrane performance. This study indicates that membrane technology has high prospective as a tertiary treatment for aquaculture wastewater and helps to elevate aquaculture production quality.


The varicocele first appeared in the medical literature 2,000 years ago with Celsius's description in De Medicina: "The veins are swollen and twisted over the testicle, which becomes smaller than its fellow, in as much as its nutrition has become defective." This astute observation not only accurately described the varicocele, it also noted its association with ipsilateral testicular atrophy. Despite its early description, over the centuries the varicocele had been considered little more than an anatomic abnormality of minor significance. Therapy in the form of scrotal support was prescribed for the infrequently symptomatic varicocele. It was not until the late 19th century that a surgical approach to the varicocele appeared. A "varicocele clamp" was developed which excised redundant scrotal skin along with the underlying tortuous scrotal veins. In 1885, Barwell noted that the placement of a wire loop around the dilated scrotal veins of 100 men with varicoceles resulted in improved testicular consistency and size in many of the abnormal testes. The significance of the varicocele to male infertility was first appreciated by Bennet in 1889; he noted an association of the varicocele with abnormal spermatogenesis. In spite of these early reports, it was not until 1929 that Macomber and Sanders noted the therapeutic efficacy of varicocele ligation on spermatogenesis and fertility. However, the varicocele and the appreciation of its impact on fertility did not truly enter the modern era until the report of Tulloch in 1952. The varicocele soon became widely recognized as the major surgically correctable cause of male infertility. Subsequently, a multitude of reports have been published, identifying the varicocele as the most common cause of male factor infertility.


The utility model relates to a folding chair type bicycle, which includes a driving component, a three-dimensional folding connecting component, and a folding chair. A long frame, a horizontal frame, and a horizontal shaft of the folding chair are respectively hinged with a short frame of the folding chair. The three-dimensional folding connecting component consists of a hinging shaft, an extensible rod, and a furcated sleeve. The driving component is positioned on and hinged with the extensible rod through the hinging shaft; the hinging shaft is rotationally connected with the bicycle frame of the driving component through a bearing and is fastened and positioned by a nut. The extensible rod is inserted into the furcated sleeve and is fixed by a fastening sleeve; the fork opening end of the furcated sleeve is cruciformly hinged with the horizontal shaft through a vertical shaft. The lower end of the long framework is provided with a folding frame and a universal wheel, the lower end of the short frame is provided with a direction finding wheel. The connection between the driving component and the folding chair of the utility model has a universal and three-directional DOF, can run on a bumpy curved road, can carry persons and articles, and can be ridden; after the driving component is folded, the bicycle becomes a folding chair type handcart. The bicycle can be fully folded for facilitating carrying, storage, and safekeeping.


This report describes the echocardiographic features seen in 6 patients with valvular vegetations as documented by autopsy or surgery. 4 mitral, 3 aortic and 1 tricuspid valves were investigated using M-mode echoscan(n = 8). Characteristic findings observed were non-uniform thickening of the typical valve pattern in sytole and diastole without restriction of valve motion. In 7 cases the exact echocardiographic localization of valvular vegetation was confirmed in situ, whereas localization of vegetation in tricuspid valve disease was uncomplete.


With specific work practice,the paper summaries the problems with the application of cleaner production standards in the audit acceptance,and gives rational proposals in a systematic and brief way.The author suggests that the cleaner production standards should reflect the practice in a positive and operational way,and be updated from time to time.The cleaner production standards are not a dogma,and an auditor should analyze specific issues and make correct judgments accordingly.


Electric currents in the cusp region are reviewed from viewpoints of history and energy conversion. During late 1980s and early 1990s, there were debates on the cause of the cusp region current sys ...


Ramie fiber is a material derived from hemp bark.This fiber is still in a bundles form, because it is bound by a layer of gum. This adhesive must be removed because the ramie fiber needs to break down into strands of fibers before it can be spun into yarn.The degumming process aims to remove as many gum compounds as possible from the strands of ramie fibers. In crude ramie fibers, the gum content ranges from 25% -30%. After degumming process, the results of bleaching shows that the content of pectin found in ramie fibers decreases. Degumming process on ramie fibers uses pectin as enzyme that has the ability to hydrolyze pectin in ramie fibers content. The pectinase enzyme produced by microbes was chosen because of its advantages, such as low production cost, high production capacity, and, in a short time, easily affected productivity – by changing the pH and temperature. In order to determine the effect of pH and temperature on the physical properties of the fibers, the pH in the experiment ranged from 5, 6, 7 and 8, while the temperature ranged from 60 – 70 C. Based on the research that has been done, the pH and temperature have an effect on the results of the ramie fibers degumming process namely % weight reduction, tensile strength and whitenessness index value. The optimum condition obtained was at pH 7 using a temperature of 700C with % reduction in weight of 8.01%, tensile strength of 18.76 g/ tex and a whitenessness index of 47.15%.


Mechanical engineering uses the controlling inspectors for better assessment, understanding of the economic information as well as for assessment of the company condition. It is a suitable instrument for the management of the company to resolve crisis situations in the company. Small companies often wrongly perceive controlling as an accounting. This information was obtained in empirical research which was conducted in 2014. The aim of that empirical research was to understand the perspective of using of this instrument. More than hundred Czech engineering companies were interrogated, half of which belong to the category of large companies, and the other companies are small and medium.


The present invention belongs to the field of medical technology, relates to oral chlorpheniramine maleate instant film and method. Maleate chlorobenzene invention that instant oral-sensitive film, the active ingredient chlorpheniramine maleate containing an effective dose, taste masking agents, film-forming material and a disintegrating agent; and a pharmaceutically acceptable filler necessary , sweetening agents, plasticizers; coloring agents may be added as required and fragrances. The oral rapidly disintegrating instant film dissolved in the mouth, good taste, fast release rate, rapid onset may help to improve patient medication compliance, especially in elderly patients and pediatric patients. Also easy to take to solve the problem in the absence of water can not be timely medication.


Worldwide, Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) students experience difficulties when studying enhanced physics courses. This situation has also been encountered in a prestigious college of engineering in the north of Israel over the last 25 years. The EEE students' grades in physics courses are dramatically lower than in other courses, even when compared to very complicated courses For example, the average grade on the final exam in enhanced physics 1 of the last semester is 34 (out of 100). Therefore, the authors of the current paper continue to search for efficient methods to improve the student achievements and reduce the number of failures. We believe the current research, in which physicists and EEE lecturers work together to find efficient methods to cope with a worldwide difficulty (improving the students' achievements in physics) deserve to report at an international conference.


This paper describes a parallel visualization library for large-scale datasets developed in the HPC-MW project. Three parallel frameworks are provided in the library to satisfy different requirements of applications. Meanwhile, it is applicable for a variety of mesh types covering particles, structured grids and unstructured grids. Many techniques have been employed to improve the quality of the visualization. High speedup performance has been achieved by some hardware-oriented optimization strategies on different platforms, from PC clusters to the Earth Simulator. Good results have been obtained on some typical parallel platforms, thus demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of our library.


In this paper a simpler way of detecting flood has been introduced. It is based on the JAVA API and Linear regression algorithm where the live weather details are fetched from the weather information API. The collected live weather data and the previous details of the weather in a particular place are passed to the linear regression algorithm to predict the current chances of disaster occurrence. If there is a chance of occurrence of the disaster then it is predicted and represented in graph with the percentage of chance. The information is provided to the concerned authority or person of that particular place where the information can be forwarded to the people of the area and save their lives.