Background: Sleep disorders are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and could contribute to cognitive dysfunction. However, effects of pathological sleep on cognitive domains are insufficiently characterized. Objective: To evaluate associations between cognitive performance and polysomnographic (PSG)-based sleep disturbances in PwMS. Methods: PwMS with known/suspected untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, N = 131) underwent PSG and cognitive tests: Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R Total and Delayed), Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Trail Making Test, Go/No-Go, and Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Results: Apnea severity measures were associated with worse processing speed, attention, and working memory (SDMT); immediate and delayed visual memory (BVMT-R Total and Delayed); attention, psychomotor speed, and cognitive flexibility (Trails); and manual dexterity and visuomotor coordination (NHPT) (ps ⩽ 0.011). Sleep macrostructure measures showed stronger associations with verbal memory and response inhibition (CVLT-II Total Recognition Discriminability Index), and immediate visual memory (BVMT-R Total) (ps ⩽ 0.011). Conclusions: Pathological sleep, including hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and disturbances in sleep/wake states, are differentially associated with worse cognitive performance in PwMS. These findings could inform future personalized approaches to cognitive impairment in PwMS with sleep disorders. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02544373 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02544373).


A review, with biographical information, of Thomas J. Carroll's accomplishments in, and influence on, services for blind persons from 1938 to 1971. Paper discusses Carroll's leadership in transferring rehabilitation concepts developed during World War II for blinded servicemen to community agencies with emphasis on his role in expanding psychosocial and mobility programs.


T HE ARTICLES BY EDITH SWAN ("Laguna Symbolic Geography and Silko's Ceremony" [Vol. 12, No. 3, Summer 1988-hereinafter "Article #1"] and "Healing via the Sunwise Cycle in Silko's Ceremony" Vol. 12, No. 4, Fall 1988-hereinafter "Article #2"] in recent issues of the Quarterly contain serious errors in regard to astronomy as well as an apparent misreading of Frazer's contributions in regard to magic. Allow me to tackle the less complex one first, that concerning Frazer in Article #2.


Abstract Penultimate effects detected on the vinylidene chloride-ended radical in the vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymers prepared in thtrahydrofuran had previously been interpreted in terms of head-to-head addition. But new 1H-NMR analysis of the homopolymers and copolymers synthesized in proton-donor and inert solvents suggest these effects, giving abnormal structures, might be due to the proton-transfer reactions, particularly in strong proton-donor solvents. Chain transfer reactions have been found degradative, so the overall polymerization rate is drastically decreased.


There has been much consideration of well-being in philosophy, especially of human well-being, which contributes to our understanding of animal welfare. Three common approaches to well-being are presented here, which map approximately onto three possible ideas about animal welfare. Perfectionism and other forms of 'objective list' theories suggest that there are various values that should be realised or various things that an individual ought to have for his life to be a good life. In the case of humans, this is based on the concept of human nature. This approach is reflected in two ideas about animal welfare: first, that animals should live natural lives (which includes consideration of an animal's nature or 'telos'), and second, that welfare is concerned with functioning or fitness of animals. The two other approaches are subjective: in other words, they relate solely to the mental processes of the subject. The first, desire fulfilment, suggests that well-being is defined by the satisfaction of desires or preferences. The other, hedonism, states that well-being is the presence of pleasant mental states and the absence of unpleasant ones. These two approaches are both relevant to the idea that the welfare of animals relates solely to their feelings. That idea corresponds most closely to hedonism, so it may be that preferences are most relevant in helping to reveal feelings. However, it is sometimes implied that satisfaction of preferences is itself part of feelings. It would also be possible to maintain, as in the desire fulfilment approach to human well-being, that animal welfare consists of preference satisfaction itself. These possibilities need to be more clearly distinguished. Arguments for and against each approach to well-being are presented, so that scientists may be more aware of the strengths and weaknesses of their own ideas about animal welfare.


The influence of the intensity of matter evolution at the pre-thermal stage of heavy-ion collision on the observed particle spectra is investigated within the integrated hydrokinetic model (iHKM). The simulation results at different values of the thermalization time τth and the relaxation time τrel, characterizing the thermalization rate, at the fixed initial time τ0 are analyzed for the case of central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energy √ sNN = 2.76 TeV.


This article reports the first case of a Japanese girl with molecularly confirmed Myhre syndrome (MS). The patient was 9 years old at her first visit, and she had been diagnosed with unknown skeletal dysplasia. Her phenotype fulfilled the clinical and radiological criteria for MS, such as typical facies with prognathism, hearing impairment, short stature, square body shape, and limited joint mobility. The thick calvarium and thick skin were clues to the clinical diagnosis of MS. A heterozygous mutation in the mothers‐against‐DPP homolog 4 (SMAD4) gene has been reported to cause MS. We sequenced SMAD4 using standard PCR‐based technique and identified a recurrent mutation (p.Ile500 Thr). She attained menarche before 11 years of age; however, she developed oligomenorrhea after a few years of 40‐day cycles, necessitating hormone replacement therapy. The luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) tests suggested abnormalities related to hypothalamo‐hypophyseal malfunction. Previous reports on MS described early menarche in girls and early or delayed puberty and cryptorchidism in boys. Therefore, we recommend performing an endocrinological evaluation of the hypothalamo‐hypophyseal‐gonadal axis in patients with MS to clarify whether hormonal abnormalities are associated with the syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Future Meetings of the British Neuropatholo&al Society Informution: Meetings Secretary, Dr T. Moss, Department of Neuropathology, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol BS16 1LE 16 and 1 7 December 199 3 The Royal Free Hospital, London The meeting will be preceded by a Symposium--on 15 December-n 'Molecular Genetics of Neurodegenerative Disease and Psychoses' (see programme below) and by the Dorothy Russell Memorial Lecture given by Professor Brian Anderton 13-15 July 1994 University of Nottingham 4 and 6 January 1995 Institute of Child Health, London July 1995 University of Oxford January 1996 Institute of Psychiatry. London July 1996 University of Belfast


The physical properties of a sample of Heusler's alloy made in Prof. F. C. Thompson's laboratory at the University of Manchester have been examined. The experiments, which were always carried out on the same specimen, comprised determinations of density, intensity of magnetization, critical temperature, Curie's constant, electrical resistivity and its temperature coefficient, thermoelectric power and mean and true specific heat. A determination has also been made of the true specific heat of the metal manganese and a large discontinuity has been found about 350°C., which is near to the critical temperature of Heusler's alloy. It was further found that the heat-capacity of the alloy is the sum of the heat-capacities of its constituents both below and above the critical temperature, thus following Regnault's rule, and the same rule can be applied to magnetite.


Summary

The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and density of natural weed populations in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated in the absence of herbicide. An increased level of applied nitrogen did not enhance: weed germination, tended to decrease the total weed biomass and had a differential effect upon the biomass of individual weed species in both wheat and barky. In competition with barley, Chenopodium album L. and Lamium spp. had lower nitrogen optima than the crop, while Urtica urens L. had a higher nitrogen optimum. In competition with wheat, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Lamium spp. and Veronica spp. had lower nitrogen optima than the crop. The systematic changes in nitrogen effect with time were analysed by fitting orthogonal polynomials to the growth and density curves. The methodology could be recommended for other studies in which time or other systematic factors are included, as it supplies information which a traditional analysis of variance cannot provide. Since seed production is positively correlated with biomass, so nitrogen level affects seed production and, hence, the seed pool and future weed population, suggesting that fertilizer usage can be exploited in an integrated programme of crop: weed management. A trend towards lower N fertilizer application owing to concerns about the environment willfavour most of the weed species investigated in these experiments and change the composition of weed populations.


It is shown that the soft mechanism of multiparticle production by Lund hadronic strings formed by colliding constituent degrees of freedom generates a shape of angular correlations similar to the ridge structure observed in the pp collisions at 7 TeV at the LHC.


Abstract The problem of delayed failure or hydrogen-stress cracking in high strength steel has been well known for many years and has been the subject of considerable research. Samples of line pipe steel were heat treated to yield strengths in the range of 110,000 to 150,000 pel These steels were subjected to various tensile stresses while being charged with hydrogen in the laboratory under conditions simulating cathodic protection in the field. Hydrogens stress cracking occurred at stresses in the range of operating stresses that might be used with these high strength steels. Research is still being conducted to determine whether the laboratory tests would predict the field behavior of these materials if they were to be used at the high strength levels.


During the past five years, 380 patients who had fractures of the hip were admitted to the fracture service of the St. Louis City Hospital No. 1; 214 of these were trochanteric fractures and 166 were fractures through the neck of the femur. The routine treatment for the trochanteric fractures has been suspension and traction in a Hodgen splint, and this method can be depended on to give a satisfactory result with bony union in good functional position in from eight to twelve weeks in those patients who survive. As will be mentioned later, our mortality in trochanteric fractures has been 37.7 per cent. In the fractures through the neck of the femur neither the large abduction plaster-of-paris spica nor the treatment by traction has given satisfactory results in our hands. Consequently we have sought a method which we could use that would increase the percentage of union in these


After the initial tests, significant modifications were made to the user interface to make the inclusion of AIR nearly seemless in the image calibration process. Months 93 and 94 were processed in parallel using both AIR and the Human QA methods. There were minor changes in the criteria used for Human QA as can be seen in the increased dugy cycle of VIM relative to AIR. The major drop in duty cycle for month 94 is due to the onset of monsoon at Udaipur.


The invention relates to the technical field of multi-axis engineering vehicle steering control, and discloses a centering oil cylinder control system and method, an electrohydraulic control steering system and an engineering vehicle. The centering oil cylinder control system comprises a centering oil cylinder, a centering oil pump module and a variable pump module, wherein the centering oil cylinder and the centering oil pump module are connected through an oil way and communicated through an oil inlet way, an oil outlet way of the variable pump module is connected to the centering oil cylinder, the variable pump module does not supply oil to the centering oil cylinder in the first working state, and the variable pump module supplies oil to the centering oil cylinder in the second working state when the centering oil pump module cannot supply oil to the centering oil cylinder. In this way, when the centering oil pump module cannot supply oil to the centering oil pump, the variable pump module supplies oil to the centering oil cylinder in the second working state so as to improve the vehicle steering safety and increase the switching response speed of the centering oil cylinder.


1 8.5"x11" invitation to cocktail reception honoring winners of 1997 Admiral's Cup (John Kolius, By Baldridge, Don Genitempo, Matt Whitaker) and the winning skipper of the 1997 World Blind Sailing Championships (Vince Morvillo). Event date Sept. 26, 1997 at Houston Yacht Club.


■ 4. Sections 710.5(a); 710.21(b)(3)(ii) and (6) through (8); 710.22(a)(1) through (3); 710.25 section heading and (b) through (f); 710.26(a) through (k), (l) introductory text, (l)(2)(ii), and (p); 710.27; 710.28 section heading, (a)(1) and (4), (b) introductory text, (b)(3), and (c) introductory text; 710.29(i); 710.30(b)(1) and (2); 710.32(a) and (b) introductory text; 710.34; and 710.35 are amended by removing the words ''Hearing Officer'' and adding, in their place, the words ''Administrative Judge''.


Khrushchev, the pragmatic, post-Stalin reformer, would be the last to admit any intellectual continuity between his own views and those of the brilliant theoretician who lost out to Stalin and continues to be excluded from the gallery of Soviet heroes. Khrushchev's opposition to Stalinism was a belated one. During the great duel of the thirties and forties, Khrushchev remained a close associate of the target of Trotsky's attack and a co-author of much of Stalin's system. Like Stalin, he was, and remains, primarily a "national communist" as far as Russia herself is concerned, and far removed from the universal revolutionary perspective of Trotsky. Nor is it possible to tell whether Trotsky would have met the challenge of "national communism" abroad in a manner like Khrushchev. Similarities there are in their attitudes towards certain aspects of Stalinism, but Trotsky's brand of communism remains sui generis. Time and circumstances are, moreover, too different to warrant sweeping conclusions about the defeated rival, Trotsky, and the triumphant successor, Khrushchev.


Gliomas are of interest to a wide variety of health professionals in areas ranging from biochemical and cellular biology to health management and economics. The incidence of cerebral gliomas is increasing, their diagnosis is most readily made, and therapeutic venues are much enlarged, but the prognosis continues to be poor. Writing a monograph on cerebral gliomas is necessarily a challenging task, and this volume has sufficient merit to become an updated source on the subject. Yung edited the 10 chapters, a product of the collaborative work of 21 international clinicians and researchers. The book has 2 main parts. The first 4 chapters deal with the nature of gliomas and the following 6 with the impact of therapeutic modalities on the neoplasms. Having more contributors than chapters is a source of both strengths and weaknesses. On the one hand, the book is enriched by the perspectives and experiences of different contributors,


Research designed to obtain heat transfer baseline data on working fluids in geothermal binary cycle systems is described. The working fluid loop simulates the binary cycle with steam as the heating fluid and a throttling valve instead of the turbine. Data on film coefficient for heating isobutane in the supercritical region (critical pressure 3.65 MPa) inside a tube at 4.14 MPa (600 psia) and at various temperatures and flow rates are presented. The isobutane was heated in a horizontal, type 316 stainless steel, instrumented tube by steam condensing on the outside. The tube was fitted with a total of fifteen thermocouples imbedded in the wall of the tube at 45 deg radially above a horizontal plane through the axis at five stations located equally along the length of the tube. The inside and outside wall temperature of the tube at each of the five stations was calculated from the location of the imbedded thermocouples and their temperatures. The heat rate was determined by measuring the rate of condensing steam on the outside of the tube under each of four sections by means of specially designed vapor-traced meters. The temperature of the isobutane inside the heater tube was measured by meansmore » of a traveling platinum resistance thermometer equipped with a mixing head at its tip and the temperature of the steam in the steam chest outside of the tube was measured by means of a platinum resistance thermometer. Film coefficients for the heating of isobutane in the range of 0.6 to 2.5 kW/m/sup 2/C (115 to 400 Btu/hr ft/sup 2/F) were obtained for Reynolds number between 3 x 10/sup 4/ to 2 x 10/sup 5/. A plot of these data on log-log paper showed that they are correlated by an empirical equation.« less


The Institute for International Policy Studies (IIPS), an independent, non-profit research institute founded in 1998 by former prime minister of Japan Yasuhiro Nakasone, has pursued an ambitious research program that covers the fields of international politics, economics, security, energy, and the environment for 30 years. The Institute also convenes international symposia and seminars on important political and economic issues and conducts joint projects with other research institutes in Japan and internationally. Research findings and policy proposals are published in print and on the website. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Institute's founding, and to commemorate the 99th birthday of Founder and Chairman Yasuhiro Nakasone, as well as recognize the background and purpose of the research work and further clarify the mission for future research endeavors, as of January 1, 2018, the Institute has been renamed Nakasone Yasuhiro Peace Institute (NPI).


Topographic and cadastral applicative studies conce rning the detachment of some land surfaces represent a precursory stage carrying out tracing o perations of some industrial and civil projects. SUMMARY The parceling of field consists both in the point m aterialization, which defines the proposed contour and in the putting the new owner into possession. Detaching or parceling a land surface presumes its division in two or more equal lots or of different areas. After the identification in the records of the lots and crossing the indicated limits by the owners an d residents the next stages will be performed concern ing the detaching of some land surface. - mapping of the land, rigorous topographical measurements and realizing the situation plan, which will include the detailed neighborhoods from the area and the coordinates of the points which will define its limits; - designing the parcellaire in accordance with the ow ners' regards and with the principles and general norms in force; - analytical calculus of the designed surface using r ectangular plan coordinates; - application of the parcellaire on the land by mater ialization of the points which define the proposed contour, which includes also putting the n ew owners into possession. In the sequence we shall propose two numerical exemplifications of detaching both in what regards the designing calculations and the stages concernin g the tracing of the characteristic points on the l and. BIBLIOGRAPHY


This article reviews the researches on English abstracts of scientific papers.Relevant researches mainly focus on the following aspects:1) the methods and techniques of writing English abstracts;2) the mistakes in the English abstracts of scientific papers in China;3) the comparisons between the English abstracts of scientific papers home and abroad.Researches on English abstracts of scientific papers are developing rapidly. However,the overall number and range of research still remain to be improved.The limitations of previous researches and suggestions for further improvement are also raised.


International law — Relation to municipallaw — Treaties — Treaty not incorporated in municipal legislation — Bermuda Agreement, 1946 — Status in municipal law — Circumstances in which courts will consider treaties — The law of England Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial and personal — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — United States airline operating service to and from the United Kingdom — United Kingdom imposing new condition upon airline's operating permit — Whether condition having extraterritorial effect — The law of England Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Operation and enforcement — Necessity for municipal legislation — Treaty not incorporated into municipal legislation — Bermuda Agreement 1946 between United Kingdom and United States — Chicago Convention 1944 — Status of these agreements in municipal law — The law of England


Poly(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene furanoate) (PDMPF), an interesting sustainable biobased polyester based on 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), was synthesized by applying the two-stage melt polycondensation method. The polyester exhibited a melting temperature of Tm = 198 °C and a glass transition temperature of Tg = 68 °C. Multiple melting was observed for the samples crystallized isothermally at temperatures ranging from 160 to 175 °C. Extensive recrystallization was evidenced by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) during heating. The equilibrium melting temperature was found to be and the enthalpy of fusion of the pure crystalline polymer was ΔHf = 133 J g−1. The crystallization rates were analyzed according to the secondary nucleation theory, and a relatively large nucleation constant Kg was obtained, representing the rigidity of the macromolecular chains. Large spherulites were observed during isothermal crystallization tests with the aid of polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM). The polyester showed significant stability during the thermal degradation tests. Finally, the degradation mechanism was investigated by employing a pyrolyzer–gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (Py-GC-MS) system.


This article reports a theoretical study based on experimental results for barium zirconate, BaZrO3 (BZ) thin films, using periodic mechanic quantum calculations to analyze the symmetry change in a structural order-disorder simulation. Four periodic models were simulated using CRYSTAL98 code to represent the ordered and disordered BZ structures. The results were analyzed in terms of the energy level diagrams and atomic orbital distributions to explain and understand the BZ photoluminescence properties (PL) at room temperature for the disordered structure based on structural deformation and symmetry changes. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 111: 694-701, 2011


The author of the article explains the current shortage of nurses in the United States. The country does not have enough nurses to serve the population. There are many nurses retiring in the country, but there are no enough nurses to replace the retiring nurses. The author analyzes how starting a nursing staffing agency in the country can help overcome the current shortage in the country. In addition, the author provides information and tips on how one can open a nursing staffing agency. The author argues that nursing business is one of the most profitable businesses in the country. This is because of the high demand of nurses in the country. The information in this article will help explain the cause of the current shortage of nurses in the country. Hence, it is important to be used in the literature review section.


Utilizing randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, the parentage of accessions of 'Champneys' Pink Cluster' and 'Blush Noisette' from several nursery sources was investigated. Nearly all polymorphic DNA banding patterns in the profile of the accessions of 'Champneys' Pink Cluster' were accounted for in 'Old Blush' ( Rosa chinensis Jacquin hybrid) and the musk varieties ( Rosa moschata Herrmann), and many bands in the 'Blush Noisette' accessions were accounted for in 'Old Blush' and the musks. This confirms the parentage of these accessions. 'Old Blush' was also compared to 'Napoleon' via RAPD analysis to investigate the genetic similarities between them. The profiles showed almost identical banding patterns. This suggests the two species are closely related, consistent with reports that 'Napoleon' is a triploid of 'Old Blush'. In cases where parentage of horticultural species has come into question, DNA analysis has been useful in conclusively determining the lineage of particular cultivars (Bowers and Meredith, 1997; Bowers et al., 1999; Iwata et al., 2000; Meredith et al., 1999). This technology has significant implications for the horticultural community, especially in the family Rosaceae. The historical record of various accessions of roses is, in some cases, very detailed while in others very sketchy. In the later cases, the only way to conclusively determine parentage is through DNA analysis. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis is a type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification of random sequences of DNA can detect polymorphisms in genomic DNA that can then be used to compare samples. This type of analysis can be extremely beneficial in determining parentage with hybrids (Williams et al., 1990) and with cases of polyploidy. Utilizing this technology, cultivars can be examined and compared with suspected parents. Since the 'Old Blush' ( Rosa chinensis Jacquin hybrid) rose is an ancestor of nearly every modern rose (Hash, 2000), DNA analysis can be used to confirm its role in a variety of situations. One example of where DNA analysis can be used is with the Noisette class of roses. The original 'Champneys' Pink Cluster' was reported to be a cross between the musk rose ( R. moschata ) and 'Old Blush' (Thomas, 1994) and is the first rose hybrid in the Western world to be every-blooming (Hash, 2000). The 'Blush Noisette' roses are said to be accessions of This work was supported by a grant from the Jessie Ball duPont foundation. 1 Corresponding author. a hybrid resulting from an open pollinated seeding of 'Champneys' Pink Cluster' (Thomas, 1994). All accessions of 'Champney's Pink Cluster' used in this study are nearly identical morphologically, as are the 'Blush Noisette' accessions, and several (Chamblee Rose, Vintage, Wayside, and ARE, Table 1) are from commercial sources. DNA analysis can confirm or refute the heredity of these hybrids, and help identify whether or not accessions are truly what they are claimed to be when sold by nurseries. In addition to examining hybrids, RAPD analysis can be used to investigate the possibility that one cultivar is a polyploid form of another. 'Old Blush' is thought to have a triploid form, 'Napoleon,' which has been marketed as 'Old Blush' (M. Manners, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, pers. comm.). 'Napoleon' is similar in many ways to 'Old Blush,' but has larger and thicker petals and leaves, is more vigorous, and produces no fruit. The infertility of 'Napoleon' as well as the other morphological characteristics lends support to the notion that 'Napoleon' is a triploid of 'Old Blush.' 'Old Blush' is known to be a diploid; unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, a karyotype analysis has not been performed on 'Napoleon.' This would be the most direct way to answer the question of polyploidy. In this study, RAPD analysis was used to examine the genetic profile of the roses in question and to determine their parentage. Materials and Methods Plant Material. Small, unopened leaves were collected from the "Elmwood Single" variety of the musk rose ( R. moschata Herrmann), 'Napoleon' ( R. chinensis hybrid), and 'Old Blush' ( Rosa chinensis Jacquin hybrid), grown on the Florida Southern College Campus in Lakeland, Florida. Samples were used either fresh or stored at -25 ° C. Accessions of 'Champney's Pink Cluster' and 'Blush Noisette' (see Table 1) Table 1. Accessions of 'Champneys' Pink Cluster' and 'Blush Noisette' used in RAPD analysis. HPRG: Hampton Park Rose Garden, Charleston, SC; FSC: Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL.


The effects of adrenomedullin on infection, inflammation, immune regulation had been reviewed in this paper, suggesting that cardiovascular active peptides involve in defense reactions.


The continuous mining machine is a key piece of equipment used in underground coal mining operations. Over the past several decades these machines have been involved in a number of mine worker fatalities. Proximity detection systems have been developed to avert hazards associated with operating continuous mining machines. Incorporating intelligent design into proximity detection systems allows workers greater freedom to position themselves to see visual cues or avoid other hazards such as haulage equipment or unsupported roof or ribs. However, intelligent systems must be as safe as conventional proximity detection systems. An evaluation of the 39 fatal accidents for which the Mine Safety and Health Administration has published fatality investigation reports was conducted to determine whether the accident may have been prevented by conventional or intelligent proximity. Multiple zone configurations for the intelligent systems were studied to determine how system performance might be affected by the zone configuration. Researchers found that 32 of the 39 fatalities, or 82 percent, may have been prevented by both conventional and intelligent proximity systems. These results indicate that, by properly configuring the zones of an intelligent proximity detection system, equivalent protection to a conventional system is possible.


In order to solve the problem of the non-cooperative target relative pose measurement in near distance(<;2m) for the on-orbit service, a stereo vision-based method was proposed to measure the relative pose (position and attitude) of a non-cooperative target, and a measuring system was established based on DSP. High Brightness Strip light sources were used to weaken the influence of light on measurement and make the recognized region prominent. After smoothing the captured image, edge image was obtained by using fast self-adaptive edge detection. The lines of the recognized region were extracted and tracked by using line feature extracting and tracking based on Hough transform and the end points of these lines were gotten. Finally, according to the coordinates of these end points, the coordinates of these points in the world coordinate were obtained by fast stereo matching and 3D reconstruction. The result of satellite model measurement demonstrate that the relative position errors are less than ±20mm, relative attitude errors are less than ±2°, and measuring speed is up to 8fps which satisfies the precision and speed requirement of the pose measurement. Finally, The errors in this measure system was analyzed.


Fishing vessels where electric power supply from alternator is available to operate various auxiliaries located anywhere in the vessel, the small crafts, which constitute over 95% of the total fishing crafts operating in India, are entirely dependent on one source of power, i. e. the main diesel engine. To utilize this source of motive power to operate the winches and other auxiliaries, mechanical drive involving shafts, bearings and pulleys, is inconvenient. This paper presents basic advantages of hydraulic system over mechanical drive.


An algorithm needed forcomputer simulation ofimmunodiffusion hasbeendeduced fromexisting theories oftheinvitro reaction between antibody andantigen. The"Goldberg mostprobable polymer distribution" theory provides aformula that gives theamount offree antibody, free antigen, anddiffusible com- plexes fromextreme antibody excess through extreme antigen excess forany valences ofantibody andantigen. Asisshownhere, that formula canbeusedeven forthose reactions producing complexes, cyclical orotherwise, that mayprecipitate aswell asforthose reactions involving heterogeneity ofbinding avidities. Itis necessary, however, tospecify anextent ofreaction parameter. Fivelimiting ex- pressions forthis parameter areproposed asoptions forthebasic algorithm. Theseareidentified as:(a)the"Heidelberger-Kendall complete reaction" option, (b)the"Singer-Campbell constant avidity" option, (c)the"Hudsonextensive antibody heterogeneity" option, (d)a new"extensive antigen heterogeneity" option, and(e)the"Goldberg critical extent ofreaction" option. Literature data showing needforthevarious options arepresented.


Ground-based measurement of ultraviolet irradiances with UV-A and UV-B sensors was made at Kwangju (35.13°N, 126.53°E), Korea from June 1998 to June 2001. These sensors measure integrated global UV radiation in 280-315 nm and 315-400 nm wavelength range, respectively. Measurement outputs from the UV sensors were sampled at every 15 seconds interval and saved every minute as a mean value into a data logger. The results showed that monthly mean values of UV-A and UV-B irradiances were maximized at 75 W/m2 and 1.7 W/m2, respectively. Total atmospheric optical depth was determined by analyzing the total and diffuse solar irradiances measured by a collocated multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. Aerosol optical depth for 415 nm was determined by subtracting the contribution by Rayleigh scattering from total optical depth. Hourly and daily mean values of ground-based UV-A and UV-B irradiances were analyzed to investigate the effects of total atmospheric aerosol amount on them, especially those of the Asian dust storm particles in the spring.


An adult female barred owl (Strix varia) was transported to The Raptor Center at the University of Minnesota (St. Paul, MN, USA) for evaluation in January after being found with an unknown history apart from being easily caught. Physical examination revealed that the bird was standing in an appropriate posture, displaying defensive behavior, and appeared dull. The bird weighed 760 g, which is average for the species but with a body condition score of 2/5. The feather condition was good and no external parasites were observed. The vent appeared clean, although green droppings were observed in the transport cage. Ophthalmic examination revealed functional vision with irregular focal lesions of the retina and choroid that were considered unlikely to be associated with recent trauma. The right foot had an old injury with the distal phalanx of digit 4 missing. Results of initial blood tests at admission revealed a packed cell volume (PCV) of 31% (reference interval, 35%–45%) and total solids of 3.8 g/dL (reference interval, 3.0–5.0 g/dL). The buffy coat was calculated at 4% of the blood column in the hematocrit tube, and the serum was icteric. In addition to the physical examination, a complete blood cell count, plasma biochemical analysis, and full-body radiographs were completed. The bird received supportive treatment consisting of parenteral fluid therapy (lactated Ringer's solution, 50 mL/kg subcutaneously [SC] every 24 hours and 5% dextrose, 10 mL SC every 24 hours), enrofloxacin (20 mg/kg orally [PO] every 24 hours; Baytril, Bayer Animal Health, ShawneeMission, KS, USA), enteral nutrition (50 mL/kg PO every 24 hours; Emeraid Carnivore Care, Lafeber Co, Cornell, IL, USA), and lactulose (1 mL/kg PO every 24 hours; Enulose, Actavis Inc, Morristown, NJ, USA). Hematologic evaluation revealed marked changes to red blood cell morphology, including polychromasia, poikilocytosis, and anisocytosis. A marked leukocytosis was present, with marked toxic changes in heterophils and reactive lymphocytes, and the white blood cell differential count was 73% heterophils, 3% lymphocytes, 14% monocytes, 9% eosinophils, and 1% basophils. On biochemical analysis, results showed increased enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 1052 U/L; reference interval, 158–471 U/L) and creatine kinase (4186 U/L; reference interval, 151–2434 U/L), and low concentrations of uric acid (22.1 mg/dL; reference interval, 88–1168 mg/dL), glucose (13.65 mmol/L [246 mg/dL]; reference range, 15.6–23 mmol/L [281–414 mg/dL]), and albumin (12 mg/L [1.2 g/dL]; 18–34 mg/L [1.8–3.4 g/dL]). All other results were within reference intervals. Survey radiographs and a subsequent barium study were conducted and are presented in Figures 1 and 2.


Offering seamless connectivity for Next-Generation Internet (NGI) services has become a widespread concern to achieve global sustainability goals. In this position paper, we focus on the design of a smart connectivity platform that can extend its capabilities beyond the boundaries of what today's 5G architecture can support. The proposed platform encompasses and integrates a wide range of technologies, spanning from Non-Terrestrial Networks, NTNs (GEO/LEO satellites, and airborne) to terrestrial cellular 5G and long-range low-power Internet of Things (IoT) networks. We enhance 5G technology with novel network architectures and network intelligence to meet coverage and capacity requirements; and by strengthening infrastructure management and control components with autonomous capabilities to decouple operational costs from growth in network traffic, cloud computing, and IoT. Finally, we discuss the technical, commercial and market challenges that need to be overcome before the commercial deployment of the designed platform becomes reality.


The main objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between age, weight, average weight gain and days on feed of beef steers slaughtered at 15 or 27 months of age. Four hundred and thirty two beef steers were divided in two groups: 267 younger steers (YY), confined at 12 and slaughtered at 15 months old; and 165 young steers (YS), confined at 25 and slaughtered at 27 months of age. Beginning weight (BW) was 296.98 and 352.04 kg to YY and YS, respectively (p<0.01). Steers were on feedlot until reach a minimum fat percentage, resulting on seven different values for DF. In the statistical analysis the BW and the DF were calculated as co-variables. YS reach higher AWG (1.351 vs 1.004 kg/day) and higher SW (441.88 vs 388.88 kg) (p<0.01) and lower (p<0.01) DF (66.87 and 94.20 days, respectively). Steers with higher BW were sold earlier, reaching lower DF. Both groups showed a decrease tendency of AWG as the DF increased. YS reached higher AWG, resulting in lower DF compared with YY. In both groups, while the DF increases, the AWG decreases. Steers with higher BW reached lower DF


Abstract The effect of the iron concentration in WC–Co electrode materials on the structure and properties of coatings produced by electrospark alloying (ESA) on low-carbon steel is investigated. The effect of the iron concentration on the mass transfer and thickness of the deposited coatings is described. The phase composition, surface roughness and wear resistance of the coatings in dry and microabrasive friction are investigated. It is shown that the rate of decarbidization of tungsten carbide in ESA with a higher iron concentration of the electrode materials increases.


CLAIRE LECOINTRE: The analysis of nominal verb forms in XVlth and XVllth Sanctius-type latin grammars. Expressions which are difficult to analyze can often be interpreted with the help of sentences which are considered as equivalent, and the structure of which is clear. Certain XVIth and XVIIth century grammarians who support the theories of Sanctius, use such equivalencies as a method of reasoning, basing themselves on the parallelism they postulate between form and function. This allows them to find a grammatical level where the expressions of the nearly always figurative colloquial language are made explicit. This article tries to show the types of reasoning used in Sanctius-type latin grammars, through the analysis of the nominal verb forms they propose.


Abstract : From the standard equations of motion, mathematical models are developed and standardized for simulation in analog or digital computers. A complete study is done of simulation techniques as applied to the mathematical models. A new technique for simulation of very complex systems of equations including nonlinearities is developed. The model can be used in control studies. Digital simulations of the dynamics of the semisubmerged ship and a submarine in six degrees of freedom are done. This latter with all the nonlinearities and cross-coupling terms included. (Author)


New studies confirm that lower levels of vitamin D are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. But the mechanisms by which vitamin D may affect progression, beta cell function, dysglycemia, and retinopathy are not clear.


We derive the explicit expressions of the canonical and helicity wave functions for massive particles with arbitrary spins. Properties of these wave functions are discussed.


Dongjiang River is the major source of drinking water supply for Hong Kong. Water extracted from this river is temporary stored in Shenzhen Reservoir (Mainland China) and then delivered through pipelines to Hong Kong's reservoirs. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in Hong Kong's source drinking water and its association with disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation. The preliminary investigation of NOM distribution pattern in Dongjiang River, as well as its association with trihalomethanes (THMs) formation showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Dongjiang River water ranged from 1.69 to 2.18 mg L. The NOM at midand downstream was most likely to be derived from phytoplankton, which was also an important contributor of particular organic matter (POM) in surface waters and NOM in sediments. THMs formation potential (7d) of the surface water ranged between 26.0-45.1 μg L, which generally showed similar distribution pattern of DOC (i.e. the higher the DOC concentration in the surface water, the higher the level of THMs formed). However, for the sediment elutriate, UV254 was a good indicator for THMs formation. Bioassays showed that toxic compounds other than THMs in the chlorinated water cause algal growth inhibition. THMs formation upon chlorination of Dongjiang water under different chlorination conditions (Temp: 15-25 C; pH: 6.5-8.5; Br: 10-310 μg L; Cl2/DOC: 0.5-3; t: 6-168h) showed that total THMs formation ranged between 11.7-91.8 μg L, and the level was primarily controlled by reaction time and Br level in water. Bromide concentration was the key factor in determining bromine-containing THMs formation and consequently the speciation of THMs. Higher concentrations of


This research is motivated by the reality that students' entrepreneurial spirit is caused by various factors. The enthusiasm is inseparable from the support and motivation of the community where students are active and interact with their environment, including campus as a community. This study wants to find answers to questions, namely: How is the spirit of students in entrepreneurship? The results of this study indicate that students who are self-employed apply their entrepreneurial spirit to their contributions through family background and support and social environment factors that foster student enthusiasm in entrepreneurship. The desire and purpose for entrepreneurship is not only due to economic goals but also with the aim of many things such as achieving ideals and the desire to please parents, want to be famous for their expertise, want to benefit others, and the most important is to channel their hobbies.


T he subjects to be discussed in this chapter are of the highest interest, but are treated by me in a most imperfect and fragmentary manner. Mr. Wallace, in an admirable paper before referred to, argues that man after he had partially acquired those intellectual and moral faculties which distinguish him from the lower animals, would have been but little liable to have had his bodily structure modified through natural selection or any other means. For man is enabled through his mental faculties "to keep with an un- "changed body in harmony with the changing universe." He has great power of adapting his habits to new conditions of life. He invents weapons, tools and various stratagems, by which he procures food and defends himself. When he migrates into a colder climate he uses clothes, builds sheds, and makes fires; and, by the aid of fire, cooks food otherwise indigestible. He aids his fellow-men in many ways, and anticipates future events. Even at a remote period he practised some subdivision of labour. The lower animals, on the other hand, must have their bodily structure modified in order to survive under greatly changed conditions. They must be rendered stronger, or acquire more effective teeth or claws, in order to defend themselves from new enemies; or they must be reduced in size so as to escape detection and danger. When they migrate into a colder climate they must become clothed with thicker fur, or have their constitutions altered.


To report our initial experience and extended follow‐up of single‐stage dorsal inlay skin‐graft urethroplasty for salvaging recurrent anterior urethral stricture (AUS), as urethral reconstruction remains a challenge, particularly in patients with recurrent AUS after previous surgery, and a paucity of local skin frequently requires free graft reconstruction techniques.


Thirteen patients with non-dementing Parkinson's disease (PD) were compared with 11 healthy controls on a semantic and a phonemic verbal fluency task. Analysis of the data examined total words produced as well as two additional components of verbal fluency: Clustering (generating words which share a semantic or phonemic similarity), and switching (the ability to shift between clusters). Overall, PD patients generated fewer words than the controls, and made less use of switching both in the phonemic and semantic fluency tasks. They did not differ from the controls in the amount of clustering. The results are consistent with the notion that patient groups in which the frontal lobes are compromised will perform poorly on switching tasks. Verbal fluency tasks are a standard part of the neuropsychological assessment of many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Typically the participant is asked to name as many words beginning with a particular letter of the alphabet (phonemic), or to name as many examples of a specific category such as vegetables (semantic), in a fixed time period (Lezak, 1995). However, while it is generally accepted that fluency may suffer as a consequence of a range of different neuropathological conditions, it remains uncertain exactly which anatomical structures, and which cognitive processes, might underlie such deficits. One approach to clarifying these issues has been to study fluency deficits across different neurological conditions. For example, researchers have examined verbal fluency in patients with Alzheimer's disease (Hart, Smith, & Swash, 1988), Parkinson's disease (Hanley, Dewick, Davies, Playfer, & Turnbull, 1990), mild traumatic brain injury (Raskin & Rearick, 1996), and depression and schizophrenia (Crowe, 1992). This comparative approach has been useful in helping to reveal the differences in fluency that can arise with different diseases and their implications for our understanding of the brain structures involved. For example, researchers typically report a deficit on tasks of semantic (category) fluency amongst patients with Alzheimer's disease where the temporal lobes (and semantic memory stores) are likely to be compromised (e.g., Randolph, Braun, Goldberg, & Chase, 1993; Mickanin, Grossman, Onishi, Auriacombe, & Clark, 1994). By contrast, researchers studying Parkinson's disease (PD), where cortical impairment most likely involves the frontal lobes with consequent compromise of retrieval processes, typically report impairment on tasks of phonemic fluency but less so on tasks of semantic fluency (e.g., Bayles, Trosset, Tomoeda, Montgomery, & Wilson, 1993). Research on verbal fluency has also concentrated on the specific cognitive processes that might underlie verbal fluency, and that may be impaired when there is brain pathology. The most popular strategy has been where researchers have compared their participants' performances on phonemic and semantic fluency tasks. The assumption here is that the two tasks are qualitatively different and that performance differences may give clues about cognitive processes involved. Probably the most frequently reported finding here is that participants can produce fewer words on the semantic version of the task than the phonemic. For example, Troyer, Moscovitch, & Winocur, (1996,1997) reported this with younger and older healthy adults, and Raskin, Sliwinski and Borod (1992) with patients with PD and also their control participants. Auriacombe, Grossman, Carvell, Gollomp, Stern, and Hurtig (1993) have suggested four specific cognitive processes that could be involved in verbal fluency tests. These are: (a) attention and vigilance, (b) a lexical or semantic store, (c) a retrieval mechanism, and (d) a working memory that monitors items already produced. However, while these four putative component processes fit well with contemporary information processing accounts of human cognition, most neuropsychological studies on verbal fluency have only measured the final output, or total number of words produced. …


Starting from practical works in the library,the thesis attempts to analyze existing problems in the use of CJFD,such as less use on the part of the libraries and readers as well as shortage in the retrieval of CJFD.It puts forw ard corresponding solutions to these problems--training librarians and readers and offering services to readers.This thesis also presents some suggestoions fo r the construction and improvement of CJFD so as to serve well users.


This paper presents an experimental study on the splitting strength and compressive strength of hybrid fiber reinforced HPC evaluation of ratio between splitting tensile strength and compressive strength for hybrid fiber reinforced HPC.The splitting tensile strength and compressive strength test is carried out for 9 different groups of hybrid fiber(containing steel fiber and polypropylene fiber) reinforced HPC specimens and 4 groups contradistinctive HPC specimens.A large-scale regression analysis was carried out using experimental data gathered from various sources to evaluation of ratio between splitting tensile strength and compressive strength for hybrid fiber reinforced HPC.The results show that adding a reasonable volume of hybrid fibers in high-performance concrete,the splitting tensile strength increased by 10%~30%;the ratio between splitting tensile strength and compressive strength for hybrid fiber reinforced high-performance concrete increased to 0.0598~ 0.068.When adding 0.8% steel fiber and 0.11% Polypropylene fiber,the ratio between splitting tensile strength and compressive strength increase to 0.068.The conclusion is adding reasonable steel fiber and poly-propylene fiber into high-performance concrete is helpful to increase splitting tensile strength and ratio be-tween splitting tensile strength and compressive strength as well.


The paper proposes a Dynamic ResBlock Generative Adversarial Network (DRB-GAN) for artistic style transfer. The style code is modeled as the shared parameters for Dynamic ResBlocks connecting both the style encoding network and the style transfer network. In the style encoding network, a style class-aware attention mechanism is used to attend the style feature representation for generating the style codes. In the style transfer network, multiple Dynamic ResBlocks are designed to integrate the style code and the extracted CNN semantic feature and then feed into the spatial window Layer-Instance Normalization (SW-LIN) decoder, which enables high-quality synthetic images with artistic style transfer. Moreover, the style collection conditional discriminator is designed to equip our DRB-GAN model with abilities for both arbitrary style transfer and collection style transfer during the training stage. No matter for arbitrary style transfer or collection style transfer, extensive experiments strongly demonstrate that our proposed DRB-GAN outperforms state-of-the-art methods and exhibits its superior performance in terms of visual quality and efficiency. Our source code is available at https://github.com/xuwenju123/DRB-GAN.


Knowledge Management projects and practices can serve as a means to develop dynamic capabilities in order to stimulate exploration and exploitation. The aim of this paper is to analyse how KM projects can contribute to the development of dynamic capabilities and how they can stimulate the development of new routines for exploration and exploitation. The paper is based on four case studies of SMEs that have implemented KM projects. Results show that under some conditions KM projects can give an important contribution to the development of dynamic capabilities for both exploration and exploitation.


ABSTRACT:This essay explores Hemingway's treatment for a spiral fracture at St. Vincent's Hospital, which was staffed by the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth after a 1930 car crash in Billings, Montana. It details the surgical intervention to repair the fracture, which used sutures made of kangaroo tail and Hemingway's subsequent fourteen-week recovery. The essay also explores how Hemingway's stay at the hospital influenced his short story, "The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio."


arranged pressure equalization system to compensate for resulting in an interior of a vehicle changes in pressure with at least one in the area of a rear-body (1), in communication with the air in the interior pressure equalization opening which, arranged through a fan duct (11) is spatially removed with at least connecting opening (8) is in communication, to allow displacement of air from the interior to the outside air, characterized in that - that the at least one pressure equalization opening (2) in the side region of the rear-body (1) and opens into an air duct (11) which is formed from the space between one of the rear-body (1) arranged in the inner shell (7) and the outer shell (4) of this fixed rear bumper, in which the inner shell (7) in the area of the pressure compensation opening (2) has an opening (3) is arranged which cooperates with at least one connecting opening (8), and - is located that the at least one connecting opening (8) in the inner shell (7).


Tetracycline-containing wastewater causes serious environmental problems and is not biodegradable owing to its toxicity against microbes,This paper deals with the photodegradation of tetracycling solution by TiO2 and complex TiO2/α-Fe2O3/Fe system during UV-lamp irradiation and solar exposure.In conclusion,the tetracycline are more effectively photodegraded by complex TiO2/α-Fe2O3/Fe than only by TiO2.


Objective
To compare the effect of ceftriaxone and norfloxacin on resistant typhoid fever in children.

Methods
Sixty children with typhoid fever resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin or cotrimoxazole were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases received ceftriaxone [100 mg/ (kg·d) , once daily, iv] and the other 30 received norfloxacin [10 mg/ (kg·d) , twice daily] .

Result
Ceftriaxone was effective in 93% of the 30 cases, while norfloxacin was effective in 80% of the 30 cases (Ridit analysis, ceftriaxon (R = 0.421 1, norfloxacin (R = 0.578 9, u = 2.12, P <0.05) .

Conclusion
The therapeutic effect of ceftriaxone on drug-resistant typhoid fever in children was better than that of norfloxacin.

Key words:
Typhoid; Ceftriaxone; Norfloxacin; Child


A focused-ion-beam (FIB) technique utilizing both lithographic and nanoparticle formation processes has been introduced to fabricate a single-electron transistor (SET) that can operate at room temperature. The results for the drain current as a function of the gate voltage at different source voltages at room temperature clearly show Coulomb oscillations indicative of Coulomb-blockade effects. These results indicate that SETs operating at room temperature, fabricated utilizing the FIB technique, hold promise for potential applications in ultra-high-density memory devices.


We consider a nonparametric additive risk model that is based on splines. This model consists of both purely and smoothly nonparametric components. As an estimation method of this model, we use the weighted least square estimation by Huller and Mckeague (1991). We provide an illustrative example as well as a simulation study that compares the performance of our method with the ordinary least square method.


As a result of the fact that plants cultivated in flower pots have limited spaces from which they get nourishing substances, there must be used an appropriate growing sub layer, especially when plants are planted and replanted. The plants are then fertilized all along their growing process. In our researches, we used L. H. Bailey Begonia rex-cultorum species, a leaf-decorative plant, from the Begoniaceae species. In order to prevent nutrition deficiencies among the main nutritive elements, there were used extraradicular fertilizations with follicular fertilizers for 90 days. The fertilizers that were used were: F411, F141, F231, with two percentages: 0.05% and 0.1%. The administration period is of about 2 week time. Subsequently, there were taken leaves from plants and chemical analysis were made, whose aim was the plants' supply degree with nutritious elements. Regarding the whole Nitrogen concentration, there are deficiencies of less than 1.8% of the s.u. By using follicular fertilizers with 0.05% concen., Nitrogen deficiency is removed. When fertilizing with F141 and F231, the Nitrogen concen. raises to 2.47%, while fertilizing with F141 and F231, the Nitrogen concen. is deficient. Increasing the concentration to 0.1%, the whole Nitrogen leaf concen. is appropriate, i.e. 3.26% of the s.u., when fertilizing with F411. When using F141 and F231 fertilizers, the Nitrogen concen. is about 2.29%. Unfortunately, there are Phosphorus (P) deficiencies for an appropriate content of about 0.15-0.39% concen. Deficiency is present when using F411 fertilizers, with a 0.05% concen., and a 0.34% P concen. in s.u. This shows a limited value of this chemical element. The Phosphorus (P) concen. is appropriate when F141 and F231 fertilizers are used, with a 0.55, and 0.44% concentration. When the concen. rises to 0.01%, the Phosphorus (P) concen. is appropriate when using follicular fertilizers that follow: F141, F231 and F411. Potassium concen. is deficient, both for unfertilized and fertilized variants with NPK reports. The average ranges between 3.2 and 5.2% K concen. of the s.u. K content reaches 1.88%, when fertilization is made with F411. The highest was obtained when using F231 fertilizer, i.e. 2.22% K concen. Nevertheless, K concen. is poor, even when fertilizer concen. reaches 0.1%. Higher values are only obtained when fertilizing with F231, i.e. 3.10 K concen. As about secondary macro elements content, i.e. Ca, Mg and Fe, the situation is similar to the one of main macro elements content. In order to provide an appropriate nutrition for the Begonia rex-cultorum, we recommend follicular fertilizer with F411, with a 0.1% concen., or a combination of F411 and F141, with a 0.05% concen.


Firstly, the concepts of reflexive vector, reflexive matrices, generalization reflexive matrices and etc, are introduced over quaternion field. Then by using the properties of the generalization reflexive (antireflexive) matrices the problems are discussed that least square solutions of systems of linear equation AX=b, matrices equation AX=B and AXB=C. When A is the generalization reflexive (antireflexive) matrices, least-squares problems of systems of linear equation AX=b can be decomposed into two smaller and independent subproblems to discuss; When A, B are both the generalization reflexive(antireflexive) matrices, least-squares problems of matrix equation AX=B can be decomposed into least-squares problems of systems of linear equation to discuss.


The wireless ad hoc networks are highly vulnerable to distributed denial of service(DDoS) attacks because of its unique characteristics such as open network architecture, shared wireless medium and stringent resource constraints. These attacks throttle the tcp throughput heavily and reduce the quality of service(QoS) to end systems gradually rather than refusing the clients from the services completely. In this paper, we discussed the DDoS attacks and proposed a defense scheme to improve the performance of the ad hoc networks. Our proposed defense mechanism uses the medium access control (MAC) layer information to detect the attackers. The status values from MAC layer that can be used for detection are Frequency of receiving RTS/CTS packets, Frequency of sensing a busy channel and the number of RTS/DATA retransmissions. Once the attackers are identified, all the packets from those nodes will be blocked. The network resources are made available to the legitimate users. We perform the simulation with Network Simulator NS2 and we proved that our proposed system improves the network performance. Wireless networks are inherently susceptible to security problems. The intrusion on the transmission medium is easier than for wired networks and it is possible to conduct denial of service attacks by scrambling the used frequency bands. The ad hoc context increases the number of potential security vulnerabilities. Ad hoc networks can not benefit from the security services offered by dedicated equipment such as firewalls, authentication servers and so on. The security services must be distributed, cooperative and consistent with the available bandwidth. One of the serious attacks to be considered in ad hoc network is DDoS attack. A DDoS attack is a large-scale, coordinated attack on the availability of services at a victim system or network resource. The DDoS attack is launched by sending an extremely large volume of packets to a target machine through the simultaneous cooperation of a large number of hosts that are distributed throughout the network. The attack traffic consumes the bandwidth resources of the network or the computing resource at the target host, so that legitimate requests will be discarded. A bandwidth depletion attack is designed to flood the victim network with unwanted traffic that prevents legitimate traffic from reaching the victim system. A resource depletion attack is an attack that is designed to tie up the resources of a victim system. This type of attack targets a server or process at the victim making it unable to legitimate requests for service. Any amount of resources can be exhausted with a sufficiently strong attack. The only viable approach is to design defense mechanism that will detect the attack and respond to it by dropping the excess traffic. The DoS attacks that target resources can be grouped into three broad scenarios. The first attack scenario targets Storage and Processing Resources. This is an attack that mainly targets the memory, storage space, or CPU of the service provider. Consider the case where a node continuously sends an executable flooding packet to its neighborhoods and to overload the


Scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) is a new imaging mode in electron microscopy. Spherical aberration corrected electron microscope instruments fitted with two aberration correctors can be used in this mode which provides improved depth resolution and selectivity compared to optical sectioning in a conventional scanning transmission geometry. In this article, we consider the depth resolution and energy resolution in the confocal optical configuration for SCEM using inelastically scattered electrons with a finite pinhole size. We experimentally demonstrate energy-filtered optical sectioning in a double aberration-corrected instrument with uncorrected chromatic aberration without using a dedicated energy filter.


INTRODUCTION
A consensus is emerging amongst otologists that obliteration of the mastoid cavity that results after modified radical mastoidectomy is a sound option to prevent cavity related problems such as otorrhoea, infection, granulation tissue and hearing loss. A variety of techniques have been proposed to perform the obliteration.

AIM
The present study aimed to compare the conventional method of mastoid cavity obliteration by vascularised temporalis myofascial flap with deep temporal fascial-periosteal flap in canal wall down mastoidectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The prospective study (conducted between July 2012 and August 2013) randomly assigned patients with evidence of attico-antral disease to two groups (20 in each group). After canal wall down mastoidectomy, a superior based vascularised temporalis myofascial flap was used to obliterate the resultant mastoid cavity in group 1 patients and an inferior based deep temporal fascial-periosteal flap was used in group 2 patients for the cavity obliteration. They were then followed up till day 90.

RESULTS
Cavity obliteration was better in group 2 (90%) as compared to group 1 (80%). Similarly, the final status of epithelisation of cavity at 90th day was clinically superior in patients of group 2 (85%) as compared to group 1 (75%). However, these difference were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION
The clinical superiority of the results with temporal fascial-periosteal flap can be attributed to less frequent complications (partial obliteration and epithelisation of resultant mastoid cavities, residual perforation and persistent ear discharge) as compared to myofascial flap.


ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT Days Road, Capel St Mary have identified a hitherto unknown and well preserved later prehistoric and medieval settlement site to the north of the modern-day village. Significant archaeological remains dating to the Late Bronze Age, Middle Iron Age and the twelfth to fourteenth centuries AD represent a remarkable chronological sequence of occupation punctuated by a settlement hiatus of over a millennium. The excavation results and the recovery of significant artefactual assemblages have provided a rare opportunity to examine the character and economy of a rural settlement site and its development from the later prehistoric period through to the present. This, the first of two papers, details the later prehistoric remains as well the more limited evidence of Early Roman period activity. The excavation was undertaken in 2009 by Cambridge Archaeological Unit (CAU) on behalf of Orwell Housing Ltd in advance of a residential development. The development area (centred on TM 0875 3855) comprised 1.2ha of former agricultural land to the east of Days Road and was located approximately 300m to the north-east of the historic core of Capel St Mary, some 7km to the south-west of Ipswich (Fig. 64). Situated at a height of around 47m AOD, the site lies on the transition between two topographical zones determined by geology: the central Suffolk clay uplands and the glacial and river terrace gravels of coastal Suffolk. The underlying geology is London Clay, overlain by drift deposits of Till.


Welcome! This seminar will explore the crucial role of empire in shaping European scientific knowledge since the early nineteenth century. The natural and human sciences witnessed explosive developments at the moments when European powers expanded into Africa and Asia. Although not all scientific knowledge links directly to colonialism, the same inquisitive worldview that fueled post-Enlightenment science also informed the acquisitive mindset inherent to imperial expansion. We will concentrate on the administrative uses of science, technology, and medicine; science as a measure of civilization; racism in science and medicine; medical and scientific experimentation; and post-colonial development and its challenges to Western paradigms. The seminar emphasizes three central themes: science and the colonial civilizing mission; the relationship between metropolis, periphery, and scientific practice; and the social dimensions of scientific encounters in the colonies. We will explore as extensively as possible the relationships between science, place, and community in European colonialism. While the seminar examines certain specific disciplines (bacteriology and the Pasteur Institutes, for example), we will focus most closely on the meaning of science and medicine for both Europeans and indigenous populations in the colonies. Your requirements for the course include regular attendance and informed participation in seminar meetings. By 11:00 each Wednesday morning, you are also responsible for submitting a one-to-two-page response to the week's readings to me by e-mail. You may skip any two responses in the course of the semester. This response will raise critical and interpretive questions that link key themes in the readings. Each student will also lead one or two discussions in the course of the seminar. The chief written requirement is a conference-length research paper on a topic of your choosing in the domain of colonial science and medicine. A proposed topic for this paper will be due by October 4, and an initial draft will be due by November 15. The papers will be presented at the end of the semester, at a time to be arranged.


The conducting polymers are the highly studied class of functional materials for their applications in the various technological field. Trans-polyacetylene is a conducting polymer having n repetitive units of $(-\mathrm{C}=\mathrm{C}-)_{n}$, indicating inherent conjugation in nature. In the present work, a two-probe model of pristine and defects (hybridization and torsion) induced trans-polyacetylene with the semi-infinite zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) electrodes have been modeled and employed to analyze the transport properties, within the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) formalisms. We report that the incorporation of hybridization and torsion defects decreases the drive current. Moreover, the hybridization defect has caused about 75 times reduction in the drive current at 2V, whereas both hybridization and torsion defects shows a reduction by about 21 times with respect to the pristine model. The computed transmission spectrum, transmission pathways, and molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH) eigenstates, very well comprehend the degradation of drive current in the altered models.


Meta-features are used to describe properties and characteristics of datasets and construct the feature space for meta-learning. Many of the different meta-features are defined for single variables and, therefore, are computed per feature of the dataset. Since datasets contain different numbers of features but meta-learning requires feature vectors of the same size, such measures are typically simply averaged over all columns. In this paper, we present an approach of preserving more information of such meta-features while producing a feature vector with a fixed size. An additional level of features are extracted from the meta-features.


In November 1919 D. H. Lawrence arrived in Venice, thirty-four years old, a big name with a banned book behind him, scraping by on very little but with a zest for life undiminished by shaky health. He had had a bleak war-hounded out of Cornwall, humiliated in army medicals-and was now overjoyed to be free and on the move, a twentieth-century English exile who would remain passionately English to the end of his days. Philip Callow's account of Lawrence's last years and his almost relentless travels between New Mexico, Europe, and England brings the great writer to life in intimate detail. As Lawrence's disgust with the Western world grew more intense, his rage ebbed and flowed erratically, but between the rages he knew rapture. He relished his workingman's aptitude, but what sustained him was his writing. "Without it," he once said, "I would have been dead long ago." His anger finally found an outlet that earned him money: he wrote Lady Chatterley's Lover and broke the taboo against explicit sex in literature. In poetry, novellas, travel writing, and the painting of visceral canvases, Lawrence continued to respond to the demands of his art. And, to the end, he clung to his wife, the fundamentally married man he had always been. In Body of Truth, Philip Callow gives us a poignant and revealing story of the artist at life's end.


For the problem of distribution center location about 0-1 mixed integer programming, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvable model are given. A heuristic algorithm is designed with the idea of the greedy algorithm by further combined the model characteristics. It is proved that the algorithm could quickly converge to satisfactory solution, and the algorithm is bounded by polynomial time, and the complexity of the algorithm is given.


The present work is a transverse and descriptive type where there will be described as general aim the factors and characteristics of the structure and familiar function that influence in the nutritional condition in 5-year-old minors hospitalized in the service of pediatrics Working Hospital (H.O.) N o 2. National Box of Health (C.N.S.). 2009. In turn between the specific aims we find ourselves Describing the familiar function and familiar structure and relating with the nutritional condition, and To evaluate the nutritional condition of the population in study according to weight and height. Our results show that 54 % of the children in its entirety presents a nutritional suitable condition, of which 61 % comes from normo-functional families and the remaining one 39 % comes from dysfunctional families. In relation to the familiar structure 50 % belongs to complete nuclear families of the same way the remaining 50 % belongs to nuclear disintegrated families; but also it was possible to observe that 24 % of children have under weight and 22 % have overweight with a remaining of 54 % with normo-peso. Therefore we conclude that a high percentage of children have normo-functional families, and they come from complete nuclear families. According to the nutritional condition more than 50 % is eutrofic children but even children exist with underweight whose numbers are equal to them with children that have overweight. Relating the nutritional condition the majority of eutrofic children belong to normo-functional families as the children with overweight INTRODUCCION


The creative industry is a very potential industrial sector, especially in today's technological developments that require people to use existing technology to hone and enhance their creativity. Creative agents themselves are activities that begin with the use of creativity, skills, and talents to create prosperity and employment through the creation and utilization of existing resources. The purpose of this study is to map the characterization of the creative industries in Jember Regency and their potential based on the functional management functions of the Industry creative is an activity that focuses on creation and innovation. The creative industry in this region has considerable potential, can be seen through the many creative industries that exist in the Regency of Indonesia. Optimizing the potential of creative industries in this region still requires various efforts so that existing creative industry products can become go glocal. It is suggested that the development of the creative industry is management, the inability to keep up with technological developments, so that some of the existing creative industries are not optimal.


A new species of the genus Basiria Siddiqi, 1959 is described from the rhizosphere of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. in Ndop, North West Province, Cameroon. B. paratumida n. sp. is characterised by its well-developed, anteriorly-situated median bulb, dorsal oesophageal gland outlet about 2.5 μm posterior to stylet base, a V' value of 75-79%, a tail/V-A value of 0.6-0.7, and a tail distinctly striated along its entire length with a rounded terminus. The new species resembles B. duplexa (Hagemeyer & Allen, 1952) Geraert, 1968 and B. tumida (Colbran, 1960) Geraert, 1968. From B. duplexa, it is distinguished by its shorter body, shorter oesophagus, and shorter, striated tail with a rounded terminus. It differs from B. tumida in its lower V' value, its greater vulva-anus distance and its striated tail which also relates it to B. graminophila Siddiqi, 1959 from which it is distinguished by its more anteriorly-situated median bulb and dorsal oesophageal gland outlet. Morphometric data, descriptions, and illustrations of four known tylenchs, namely, Basiria graminophila; B. tumida; Neopsilenchus minor (Geraert, 1968) Kheiri, 1972; and Filenchus aquilonius (Wu, 1969) Siddiqi, 1986, all recorded for the first time in Cameroon, are given as well as hosts and localities of occurrence.


Over the last several decades, champion photovoltaic (PV) devices using CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) as the absorber material have been achieved using polycrystalline films exclusively. This has led to the assumption that polycrystalline CIGS generally outperform single-crystal CIGS in PV devices. However, recently, very high-quality epitaxial CIGS has been grown on GaAs substrates producing PV device efficiencies of 20.0%. These results have revived the debate on what effects grain boundaries have on PV device efficiencies. In this contribution, we compare the optoelectronic properties of polycrystalline CIGS films with those of high-efficiency epitaxial CIGS films. This comparison reveals that grain boundaries are associated with properties that negatively impact PV device efficiency. Additionally, we find that the grain interiors in polycrystalline films exhibit properties that are similar to the high-performance epitaxial films. Our results suggest that it may be possible to achieve higher device efficiencies with epitaxial CIGS than with polycrystalline films.


This article analyzes the conceptual orientations of training in the scope of the Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID, in Spanish) in an interdisciplinary sub-project in science. The conceptual orientations refer to the sub-project's training styles, ideologies and visions of teaching and learning. We use a qualitative research approach, with Interactive Methodology, using the Hermeneutic-Dialectical Circle (CHD) for data construction, and the Hermeneutical-Dialectical Analysis (AHD) for the analysis, in a group of five participants.Program documents and fieldwork observations also contributed as data sources. The results indicate that the PIBID addresses all of the conceptual orientations, and offers a training that combines content in a more diverse and interdisciplinary way and articulates different levels of knowledge and professional experience. It allows for reflection on teaching practices; promotes affectivity, otherness and human development; favors the creation of didactic resources and innovative and interdisciplinary methodological experiences and develops critical, democratic and ethical attitudes to solve professional and social problems among the participants.


The sum of the series Sα = Sα s, a, b, f(y), g(x) = ∞ X n=1 (s)n−1f (an− b)y g (an− b)x (an− b)α involving the product of two trigonometric functions is obtained using the sum of the series ∞ X n=1 (s)(n−1)f((an− b)x) (an− b)α = cπ 2Γ(α)f( 2 ) xα−1 + ∞ X i=0 (−1) F (α− 2i− δ) (2i + δ)! x whose terms involve one trigonometric function. The first series is represented as series in terms of the Riemann zeta and related functions, which has a closed form in certain cases. Some applications of these results to the summation of series containing Bessel functions are given. The obtained results also include as special cases formulas in some known books. We further show how to make use of these results to obtain closed form solutions of some boundary value problems in mathematical physics.


There has been considerable debate as to the merits and the applicability of probabilistic or statistical reasoning to Semantic Web. Much of this debate seems to have centered on the applicability of statistical methods in a supposedly deterministic setting. In this paper, we argue that statistical reasoning ("reasoning with uncertainty") need not be a substitute for traditional Description Logic (DL) / First-Order Logic (FOL) reasoning, instead statistical methods can serve as a complement to logicbased reasoning systems in two ways: (i) Offer a meta-reasoning (or audit) mechanism to validate logical reasoning, and (ii) Act as a "filler" where Ontological information either does not exist, or is insufficient to reason conclusively.


The Fellowship of the Academy of Wilderness Medicine qualification (FAWM) was set up in 2005 by the Wilderness Medical Society based in America and currently has 640 candidates, and 176 Fellows. It provides a great opportunity to gain and demonstrate knowledge of expedition and wilderness medicine and to gain recognition for practical experience you have gained in this area. The Wilderness Medical Society also offers a number of other benefits to its members and continues to develop new services and qualifications year after year.


The article provides a critical account of the situation of schools and universities in Germany. Based on this, the allocation of responsibilities for education policy in Germany's federal system is scrutinized. Hopes and fears associated with a more competitive, decentralized provision of education are discussed, referring to empirical studies. In conclusion, competition among states in a federation is advocated as a device for promoting policy innovation. Copyright Verein fur Socialpolitik und Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2005


Objective: To determine anti-fungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii from environmental and clinical sources in Nairobi, Kenya. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mycology laboratory, Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects: A total of 123 isolates were tested for their susceptibility to fluconazole (FLC), amphotericin B(AMP) and fluorocytosine (5FC). Clinical isolates were 70(66 Cryptococcus neoformans and 4 Cryptococcus gattii) while environmental isolates were 53(41 C. neoformans and 12 C. gattii). The isolates were characterised using various phenotypic tests including microscopic morphology, physiological and biochemical tests (API 20 Caux), pigmentation on bird seed agar and reaction on canavanineglycine-bromthymolblue agar. European Committee on Anti-microbial Susceptibility Standards (EUCAST) was used as the reference method for susceptibility testing. Results: Most C. neoformans isolates; clinical (61/66; 92.4%) and environmental (38/41; 92.7%) were susceptible to FLC. The number of C. neoformans isolates inhibited at susceptible dose dependent (SDD) range (16-32μg/ml) by FLC were clinical (4/66; 6.1%) and environmental (2/41; 4.9%). One C. neoformans isolate each; clinical (1/66; 1.5%) and environmental (1/41; 2.4%) was resistant to FLC. All C. gatti isolates from clinical and environmental were fully susceptible to FLC. The percentage of C. neoformans isolates that were susceptible (S) (MIC ≤ 1.0 μg/ml) to AMP were; clinical(52/66; 90.2%) and environmental (37/41; 78.8%) while the rest were susceptible dose dependent (SDD) with MIC (2-8μg/ml). Reduced susceptibilities to 5FC was displayed in all clinical and environmental C. neoformans and C. gatii isolates; for instance resistance to 5FC was reported in C. neoformans; clinical (8/66; 12.1%) and environmental (1/41; 2.4 %). Among the C. gattii isolates there was also decreased susceptibility to 5FC with Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) range of between 0.5-32 μg/ml. There were no significant differences in susceptibility ranges among all the clinical and environmental isolates. Conclusion:This study demonstrated reduced susceptibilities among C. neoformans and C. gattii isolates to commonly used anti-fungal drugs.


Proto‐oncogene expression by cultured urothelial cells prepared from the bladders of male F344 rats that had been treated with N‐[4‐(5‐nitro‐2‐furyl)‐2‐thiazolyl]‐formamide (FANFT) or N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were examined. Although all of the cultured cells showed varying degrees of anchorage‐independent growth, only 9 of them were transplantable into nude mice. A Northern blot technique was employed for the detection of proto‐oncogene transcripts. The c‐Ha‐ras transcripts were detected in all the cultured urothelial cells prepared from the carcinogentreated rats and in normal urothelial cells. However, the transcript levels were several‐fold higlher in the former than in normal cells. Increased expression of p21, as determined by immunohistochemical techniques, was also observed in all the original bladder tissues from which the cultures were derived. c‐myc transcripts were detected in the cells from carcinogentreated rats but not in the normal cells. The presence of myc product in hyperplastic urothelial lesions and carcinomas of original bladder tissues was confirrned by immunohistochemical methods. Transcripts of mos, erb B, Ki‐ras, abl and src were not detected. Since increased expression of c‐myc and c‐Ha‐ras were present in both transplantable and non‐transplantable cell lines, and the expression of p21 occurs in preneoplastic cells, this suggests that elevated expression of these 2 genes may be an early genetic event during bladder carcinogenesis in the rat and further alteration of these 2 genes or mutation of additional genes may be required for the completion of malignant transformation.


In future it is expected that speech recognition systems to be used as the main man-machine interface for robots used in rehabilitation, entertainment etc. This paper describes the development of a hidden Markov model based speech recognition system for the control of a biped robot. The complete system consists of three subsystems, the speech recognition system, a central controller and the robot. The robot used as the experimental platform was a statically stable biped robot due to its ease of control. The speech recognizer was trained using a set of English words related to biped locomotion. The words chosen were combined to produce meaningful sentences, which after being recognized, were converted to motor commands by the central controller. Two experiments were conducted in which subjects used speech commands to move the robot in a straight line and then in a curved path. The results prove that it is possible to control a biped robot for locomotion using speech commands.


A research work was undertaken to evaluate the feeding effect of concentrate supplementation on growth and reproductive performance of growing lamb upto first lambing. The trial was conducted at Char-elahi union, Chompanygonj, Noakhali. Thirty female sheep of about average 11.3 (±2.3) kg live weight and about 6-8 months of age were used and randomly allocated into three experimental diets, T0 (grazing), T1 (grazing + 1% concentrate supplement of live weight) and T2 (grazing + 2% concentrate supplement of live weight). The study revealed that the average daily DM intake was 261.00, 405.35 and 405.35g for diets T0, T1 and T2, respectively which was significantly (P≤0.01) different. DM intake when expressed as metabolic body weight also showed significant (P≤0.01) differences.DM intake as per cent of live weight were 1.96, 2.81 and 3.69 for diets T0, T1 and T2, respectively, which differ significantly (P≤0.05) among the treatment group. Daily grass DM intake was 261.00, 260.49 and 260.38g for diets T0, T1 and T2, respectively and this difference was not significant (P≥0.01) among the treatment group. Daily average live weight gain was 20.00, 35.50 and 44.00g for diets T0, T1 and T2, respectively. Live weight gain on diet T2 was significantly (P≤0.01) higher than that of diet T1 and T0. The results suggested that concentrate supplementation had higher growth response possibly due to better nutrient contents and their utilization. There were no significant (P≥0.01) effect on reproductive performances of service per conception, gestation length (d) and litter size (no.) of three dietary treatments. The Percentage of born alive T2 (100%) and T1 (90%) were higher in supplemented group compared to non supplemented T0 (70%) group. Birth weight of lambs of T2 (male-1.41kg, female, 1.06 kg) and T1 (male-1.21 kg, female-0.90 kg) group were significantly (P≤0.05) higher compared to that on only grazing group T0 (male-0.72 kg, female-0.56kg). The concentrate supplementation (2%) may be suggested for optimizing growth and reproductive performance of female sheep under grazing condition in coastal area.
Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1), 73-77


Objective To study the clinical curative effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods The clinical data of 158 routine cholecystectomy patients from April 2010 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. 79 patients in the control group were given traditional open cholecystectomy treatment, 79 patients in treatment group were given laparoscopic cholecystectomy treatment. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative activity time, length of hospital stay, and complications situation were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The operation time, amount of bleeding, postoperative activity time and hospital stay in treatment group were significantly superior to the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P 0.05). The complications rate was 2.5% in treatment group, and 27.8% in control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P 0.05). Conclusion After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, patients recovery fast, the treatment is safe and has less complications.


The four-wheel drive hybrid vehicle power transmitting device is disclosed. Four-wheel drive hybrid vehicle power transmitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a first input shaft connected to an output shaft of the engine; A second input shaft arranged in the same axial line at the rear of the first input shaft; Having a motor function and a generator, the first motor / generator connected to the second input shaft; A second motor / generator which has a motor and a generator function, the configuration on the rear wheel side of the transmission housing; It is disposed between the first and second input shafts, the three of the rotating element, first and the first rotating element is connected directly to the second input shaft, and a second rotating element directly connected to the first input shaft and the third rotary element the planetary gear set is selectively connected to the first input shaft; The first and second power to each selectively outputs the rotation power transmitted from the first, the second input shaft optionally through the two output gears connected to the second input shaft transmitting means; Power regulating unit consisting of a portion of the selectively connected to; Front wheel reduction gear means for transmitting the rotational power transmitted from the power transmitting means to decelerate the front wheel differential di-friendly; And a rear-wheel reduction gear means for transmitting to said second rotational power transmitted from the motor / generator to decelerate the rear wheel differential di-friendly.


Section headings and selected papers: Preface. Wastewater Treatment from Specific Industries. Fish processing wastewater: emission factors and high load trickling filters evaluation, P Battistoni et al . Anaerobic-aerobic pretreatment of waste paper mill effluent, H Kroiss et al. Soft drinks industry wastewater treatment, L Tebai & I Hadjiva silis. National Policies and Control. Control of industrial wastewater discharges in the North West of England, C Belshaw & T J Fishe . Industrial wastewater management in developing countries, N K Pareek. The option to discharge industrial or sewage effluent to the marine environment, W A M Botes & K S Russe l. Design and Operation. A pilot-plant study to salvage a full-scale treatment plant, Y H Yu & K S L Lo. Integrated computer aided process design of wastewater treatment plants on a PC system, M Spinos & D Marinos Kouris. Aerobic thermophilic waste sludge treatment, C A Mason et al . Removal of Hazardous Chemicals. Lead and cadmium removal by ion exchange, E Maliou et al. Chlorophenol degradation under oxic and anoxic conditions, J A Puhakka et al. The fate and transport of hazardous chemicals in the subsurface environment, H G Doust & J-C Huang Subject index.


Share-holding System brought about a certion amount variation in Late Qing Times.First,Govern actions resulted in feudalistic coercion in the process of raising share-capital;Second,the process of ZUGU(租股) transformation into money-capital lacked regulation of market-mechanism;Third,the Company was short of suitable and effective supervisional rule.These three errors restricted ZUGU(租股)transformation into money-capital and money-capital change into production capital.


Blecker (2021) repeats an argument, first put forward by McCombie (1981) (but later repudiated by him) and also summarised by Blecker (2016, 2021) that the traditional test of Thirlwall's law is merely estimating what Blecker terms a 'near-tautology' or 'near-identity'. This is based on an analysis concerning the arithmetical calculation of the import and export income elasticities of demand, and the circumstances under which these will equal their statistical estimates. The arithmetically calculated income elasticities are the growth of imports divided by the growth of domestic income and the growth of exports divided by the growth of world income, respectively. Blecker's argument is that if the statistical estimates of the two income elasticities of demand equal their respective arithmetically calculated values, and are used in the testing of the law, this represents a near-tautology. This rejoinder demonstrates that Blecker's argument concerning the near-tautology is a misinterpretation of the nature of the traditional testing of Thirlwall's law. It is shown that Blecker and Ibarra's (2013) alternative model, which is used to test the balance-of-payments constrained model for Mexico and which it is claimed avoids the putative near-tautology problem, is itself problematic. As such, it does not represent an improvement over the traditional model of Thirlwall's law, but, ironically, may give approximately the same empirical result.


Kernel-based methods have well-appreciated performance in various nonlinear learning tasks. Most of them rely on a preselected kernel, whose prudent choice presumes task-specific prior information. To cope with this limitation, multi-kernel learning has gained popularity thanks to its flexibility in choosing kernels from a prescribed kernel dictionary. Leveraging the random feature approximation and its recent orthogonality-promoting variant, the present contribution develops an online multi-kernel learning scheme to infer the intended nonlinear function 'on the fly.' Performance analysis shows that the novel algorithm can afford sublinear regret. Numerical tests on real datasets are carried out to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


In "Evidence for the reproduction of social class in brief speech," Kraus et al. (1) present a series of 5 compelling studies showing that perceivers can detect the social class of speakers at above-chance rates. They further demonstrate that perceivers infer the social class of speakers by comparing their speech to "ideal speech standards." Although perceivers were able to detect targets' social class in either spoken or written text, this detection was most likely to occur for spoken text. This suggests that, over and above content, some cues specific to verbal transmission (e.g., pronunciation or accent) signal social class. In addition, perceivers not only infer social class from little information, but they also use this categorization to make judgments about a potential job candidate's fit and competence.

Going beyond prior work suggesting that perceivers can detect social class (2, 3), the current studies make 3 important theoretical contributions. First, the authors provide evidence that one informational mechanism for detecting social class from speech is comparing that speech to ideal speech standards conveyed by educational and societal norms (1). Second, the current studies document that social class detection does not require an actual social interaction, or even a conversation between 2 people, and can be detected in as few as 7 words. Third, this research links social class detection to its consequences for social class stereotypes about fit and competence, and to downstream outcomes such as hiring (4).

Kraus et al.'s (1) work is practically important because it suggests that directly communicating specific social class cues in social interactions or interviews (e.g., sailing or a first-generation student group; ref. 3) is not necessary to detect social class. Their findings further suggest that organizational attempts to blind resumes (e.g., by removing informational cues of social class) are unlikely to conceal …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: n-stephens{at}kellogg.northwestern.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1