Education has been gradually expanded, and each of a component of the education has changed slowly. It is becoming completely associated with the Information Technology on the data exchange, communication and collaboration. Cloud computing as combination of existed technology is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. The education based on cloud computing it provides a new solution to establish a unified, open and flexible network teaching platform and reduce the hardware input. In this paper, we research the definition of cloud computing, discuss the main existed cloud provider in the world such as Microsoft, Google, Amazon, IBM and so on, analyze the development of the cloud computing in education, propose a new E-learning architecture based on private cloud, present the expected benefits from the proposed architecture. The education institution can use from the cloud computing provider to increase the benefits of students, teachers and administrators through the E-learning architecture.


By analyzing questionnaire investigation into 145 SMEs,discussing the mechanism under which applied public RD institutions play therir role in supporting the Innovation of SMEs,and summarizing the successful study case of Shanghai Integrated Circuit Design Research Center,this article elaborates on the current situation of Innovation of domestic SMEs,their demand for public RD institutions and the role public RD institutions shall play in supporting Innovation of SMEs and promoting industrial technological development.


Abstract An IBNYR event is one that occurs randomly during some fixed exposure interval and incurs a random delay before it is reported. Both the rate at which such events occur and the parameters of the delay distribution are unknown random quantities. Given the number of events that have been reported during some observation interval, plus various secondary data on the dates of the events, the problem is to estimate the true values of the unknown parameters and to predict the number of events that are still unreported. A full-distributional Bayesian model is used, and it is shown that the amount of secondary data is critical. A recursive procedure calculates the predictive density; however, an explicit formula for the predictive mode can be obtained. The main computational work is the evaluation of an integral involving the prior density of the delay parameters, but this can be simplified in the exponential case using Gammoid approximations.


It has been widely documented that psychological constructs, specifically emotional intelligence, significantly contribute to athletic success. Yet the extant literature is limited and often inconsistent. Context-specific exploration of the impact of emotional intelligence on elite
 athletic performance can provide richer, more informed conclusions. Thus, this study explored the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and sport performance among 389 males and females from Australia, Wales, and England. The Emotional Intelligence Sports Inventory-ESi was used
 to identify EI differences between gender, level of sport participation, and nationality. Results showed there were significant differences between these factors on a number of the 11 ESi subscales. The implications of the results are discussed, and it is concluded that the study's findings
 will facilitate a more robust and reliable use of the ESi in future research.


Local-earthquake tomographic images were calculated for each of the years 1996 - 2004 using arrival times from the U.S. Navy's permanent seismometer network at the Coso geothermal area, California. The results show irregular strengthening with time of the wave-speed ratio VP/VS at shallow depths. These changes result predominately from progressive relative increase in VS with respect to VP, and could result from processes associated with geothermal operations such as decrease in fluid pressure and the drying of argillaceous minerals such as illite.


We present observations and results of radiance and irradiance studies completed by SoHO-SUMER during the past solar cycle. We find that the cycle variation in Ly-alpha irradiance as observed by e.g. UARS-SOLSTICE can not be explained by quiet sun radiance data, and conclude that the explanation must be related to differences in the Ly-alpha radiance of various solar features and changes in their fractional distribution over the solar cycle. Consequently, we studied the emission of the hydrogen Ly-alpha line in various solar features - for the first time observed by SUMER on disk in full resolution - to investigate the imprint of the magnetic field on line profile and radiance distribution. We also compare quasi-simultaneous Ly-alpha and Ly-beta line profiles. Such high-resolution observations - not hampered by geocoronal absorption - have never been completed before.


Objective: To identify the different morphologic patterns of lipoma arborescens (LA) and the associated lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to evaluate their clinical implication.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the MR images and medical records of 78 patients diagnosed with LA of the knee (n=73) and shoulder (n=5). The diagnosis of LA was confirmed by the histologic findings in two cases and by the characteristic MR imaging features in the other 76.Results: A typical pattern of villous lipomatous proliferation of the synovium was identified on MR imaging in all cases, as a typical frond-like pattern in 38% (30/78) of cases, a dominant mass-like lesion in 41% (32/78) of cases and mixed type presentation in 21% (16/78) of cases. The associated MR lesions in the knee (n=73) were: joint effusion (97%), posterior cruciate ligament tear (69%), anterior cruciate ligament tear (43%), degenerative changes (40%), bone marrow edema (34%), meniscal tear (32%), synovial cysts (15%), medial collateral ligament tear (13%), osteochondral defect (12%), chondromatosis (6%), patellar subluxation (4%) and discoid meniscus (4%). All cases except two had associated pathologies of the knee. The associated MR pathologies in the shoulder (n=5) were: rotator cuff tear (100%), joint effusion (100%), degenerative changes (80%), subcromial enthesophyte (80%), biceps tendon tenosynovitis (40%) and probable adhesive capsulitis (40%). LA appeared to be an incidental diagnosis in all cases. The two cases of LA of the knee managed by synovectomy reported symptomatic recurrence.Conclusion: The pathognomonic appearance of LA on MR imaging provides for a precise and early detection of this uncommon lesion. Trauma, degenerative or inflammatory conditions may predispose a joint to this synovial disorder. Early intervention may be crucial for proper healing and avoidance of joint deterioration.


Naphthalene mass transfer-heat transfer analogy tests are reported which indicate no reduction in the film coefficient of heat transfer to within 0.05 channel thickness of the corner of a rectangular channel in a fusion-welded type subassemnbly. Velocity traverses in a similar rectangular channel indicate a significant velocity reduction starting about 1 channel thickness from the corner. This apparent contradiction is explained, and the application of these data to reactor design is considered. (auth)


Introduction A Critique of Positive Humour PART ONE: HISTORICAL ASPECTS Superiority Theories Hobbes and other Misogelasts Incongruity Theories and Gentlemanly Laughter Victorian Relief Theory Bergson and the Function of Humour Freud and the Hidden Secrets of Jokes PART TWO: THEORETICAL ASPECTS Laughter and Unlaughter Embarrassment, Humour and the Social Order Final Remarks


This study aims to determine the content of inquiry and authentic assessment components in the analyzed science textbooks. The type of research approach used in this research was qualitative research with descriptive methods in the form of document analysis of Natural Science textbooks for 8th grade Junior High School published by the Ministry of Education and Culture and another book from non-ministerial publisher. The result showed that in the aspect of inquiry, the component with the highest number of findings was in the data collecting component, namely 61 findings in book I and 59 findings in book II. Meanwhile, the the lowest number of findings was the proposing hypothesis with 0 finding in the both books. In the authentic assessment aspect, the component with the highest number of findings lies in the physical context component, namely 33 findings in book I and the assessment task component with a total of 32 findings in book II. Meanwhile, the lowest number of findings in the two books was found in the assessment criteria component with 11 findings in book I and 5 findings in book II.


To review a single institution's second opinion breast imaging process, data tracking, and metrics before and after implementing quality improvement changes and the effect on report turnaround time.

 This Institutional Review Board approved retrospective quality improvement project was performed at a tertiary-care academic medical center and included patients 18 years or older who submitted their outside facility imaging for reinterpretation (any combination of mammography, breast ultrasonography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging performed within the last six months) with finalized second opinion reports between June 1, 2016, and July 17, 2017. Significant intradepartmental changes were implemented March 2017 with the goal to improve second opinion report turnaround time. Key metrics from 399 studies were analyzed before and after implemented changes. Two-sided Fisher's exact test was used to assess the significance of results.

 After department interventions, the percentage of outside reports available at the time of surgical consultation improved from 82% (213/259) to 91% (127/140), an 11% improvement (P < 0.05). The average number of days from initial second opinion consultation to the availability of final report improved from 10.2 days to 9 days, a 12% improvement. Prior to the changes, the number of days it took a radiologist to complete a report varied from 1 to 4 days, but afterwards was consistently 1 day or less.

 Implementation of second opinion intradepartmental changes demonstrated a significant improvement in report turnaround time and the number of finalized reports available at the time of surgical consultation. An efficient second opinion process is crucial to a breast imaging center, as it ultimately expedites patient surgical and oncological care.


Flickr allows its users to tag the pictures they like as "favorite". As a result, many users of the popular photo-sharing platform produce galleries of favorite pictures. This article proposes new approaches, based on Computational Aesthetics, capable to infer the personality traits of Flickr users from the galleries above. In particular, the approaches map low-level features extracted from the pictures into numerical scores corresponding to the Big-Five Traits, both self-assessed and attributed. The experiments were performed over 60,000 pictures tagged as favorite by 300 users (the PsychoFlickr Corpus). The results show that it is possible to predict beyond chance both self-assessed and attributed traits. In line with the state-of-the-art of Personality Computing, these latter are predicted with higher effectiveness (correlation up to 0.68 between actual and predicted traits).


Since its inception in 1934, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) has attempted to design processes for the credentialing and evaluation of neurologists in a manner to assure the public that its diplomates are competent to practice their specialties.1,2 While these ABPN processes originally dealt only with initial certification, increasing public and political concerns about medical errors, patient safety, and quality of care3–5 have shifted the focus of attention of the ABPN and other Member Boards of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) to recertification and, more recently, to the identification and evaluation of specific neurology competencies and to maintenance of certification (MOC).6,7

There is also troubling evidence in the literature that supports the movement toward MOC as a program of lifelong medical learning. Reviews of studies of medical knowledge and health care quality compared to years in practice and physician age have found that 73% (45/62) of the studies reported decreasing physician performance with increasing years in practice for at least some outcomes; 100% (12/12) reported decreasing physician knowledge with increasing experience; 63% (15/24) reported decreasing adherence to standards of practice with increasing years in practice; 74% (14/19) reported decreasing adherence to standards of appropriate therapy with increasing physician age; and 57% (4/7) reported decreasing actual health outcomes with increasing years in practice.8 The ability of physicians to evaluate their own performance has also been questioned.9 It has been reported that 65% (13/20) of studies found that physicians' self-assessments were inconsistent with observed measures of their competence. The worst accuracy in self-assessment was frequently among the least skilled or most confident physicians.

The public also seems to support MOC. In a 2003 Gallup Poll commissioned by the American Board of Internal Medicine, 54% of respondents said they would "very likely" to …


Background: India is initiating measures to address Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) and Asthma, major causes of mortality and morbidity, at the primary care level. The efforts are limited by the lack of access to spirometry. Various alternatives are being tried out in resource limited countries. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was done at two tertiary care hospitals in Trivandrum, South India, in patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD or Asthma. Spirometry was done by a trained spirometry technician, along with peak-flow recording and a recording on portable mini-spirometer (COPD6 ®). The values obtained by the latter two were compared to those obtained by spirometry. Results: The study included 360 patients. PEFR showed a positive correlation with both FEV1/FVC as well as FEV1 (R2 of 0.35 and 0.65, respectively). FEV1/FEV6 and FEV1 on COPD6 also correlated positivity with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC on spirometry (R2 of 0.68 and 0.89, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity of PEFR to diagnose obstruction was best at a cut-off of 74% of predicted, as determined by ROC, giving sensitivity of 84.8% and specificity of 85.1%. Sensitivity and specificity of COPD6 to detect obstruction was 75.9% and 95.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Mini-spirometry (COPD6) and peak-flow measurement may be used as alternatives to spirometry in resource limited settings as in the primary care centers of India for the diagnosis of obstructive airway diseases.


Toro-Huamanchumo and Arce-Villalobos recently commented the need to improve the teaching of semiology in undergraduate medical education, emphasizing the training of undergraduate students. They highlighted the semiology techniques and listed some reasons that put it in a secondary place in developing countries. Hossain et al. evaluated the perceptions of Pakistani medical students about physicians' migration, and focused the future of medical students claiming for changes in the public health infrastructure, and incentives. Both of them stressed the poor public health resources to control common diseases in the low income areas, which might be diagnosed by better applying the routine techniques of semiology in daily clinical practices. Comments after five decades of teaching semiology are added about the clinical eye and the art of medicine; and the role of opinions of students and young doctors about reforms in health care and medical education.


Solar panel and wind mill are devices that cleanly convert renewable energy (sunlight, air) into electricity and offer a practical solution to the problem of power management(utilize and save) in domestic and industrial areas. This project involves the development of an automatic monitoring system of energy from Solar and Wind mills that could be further used for domestic and industrial purpose, making use of a GSM Module as the control system. Non renewable energy is relatively a short-term energy source consequently; the uses of an alternative sources such as solar and wind energy are becoming more wide spread. Proposed in this paper is a system that monitors the movement of a solar and wind mill so that it is constantly gives information to GSM. It is a hybrid hardware/software designed and constructed system, this paper offers are liable and affordable method for monitoring and saving. With the use of this system we can predict whether a particular place is suitable for establishing the solar power plant and/or wind power plant. The system will be implemented for industry and home appliances for efficient power management where in the system will be controlled using a PIC microcontroller and GSM technology.


Chapter 1: Introducing the Cloud Computing Platform -- Chapter 2: Cloud Applications -- Chapter 3: Hardened Cloud Applications -- Chapter 4: Service Fundamentals: Instrumentation,Telemetry, and Monitoring -- Chapter 5: Key Application Experiences: Latency, Scalability, and Throughput -- Chapter 6: Failures and Their Inevitability -- Chapter 7: Failures and Recovery -- Chapter 8: High Availability, Scalability, and Disaster Recovery -- Chapter 9: Availability and Economics of 9s -- Chapter 10: Securing Your Application -- Chapter 11: The Modernization of Software Organizations.


A regiocontrolled synthesis of the macrocyclic polyamine alkaloid (±)-lunarine is described. The key steps involve the preparation of the differentially functionalised cis-3-oxo-8-bromo-9b-cyano-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydrobenzofuranyl tricyclic scaffold 14 which, following further elaboration, is coupled to the selectively protected acrylamidospermidine5via a Heck coupling reaction to give the pre-cyclised lunarine derivative 23.


To dissipate the high heat generated in microprocessors and electronic components, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) micropumps are often used. An EHD system involves the interaction of a flow field and an applied electric field; specifically, an ion-drag EHD micropump uses the interaction of an electric field with electric charges, dipoles or particles embedded in a dielectric fluid in order to generate a net flow. These EHD micropumps, require high voltage to drive the fluid, and as a result have not gained wide application. This study presents a systematic analytical method of reducing the high voltage requirement. The approach is to select a dielectric material such that flow rate is maximized with low electric potential. It is known that the dielectric maximum velocity is a function of the dielectric potential, dielectric permittivity, and viscosity. In this paper, a flow rate is assumed to be sufficient. The electric potential is decreased by selecting the appropriate fluid. Fluid of high permittivity and low viscosity will enhance the potential factor there by, decreasing the potential.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Farabloc is a product promoted for the relief (not cure) of intermittent phantom limb pain. It is a linen fabric with ultrathin steel threads to be worn over the stump and claimed to shield nerve endings from external electrical and magnetic fields. In a double blind, cross-over design, 34 subjects reported their pain relief level on a Visual Analogue Scale during a pretreatment period, Farabloc or placebo treatment period, a no-treatment or "washout" period for the control of any carry-over effect, and an alteration of treatment period. The results were statistically significant (p < .001) in favour of the Farabloc period. Of the 34 subjects, 21 reported their greatest pain relief during Farabloc intervention. However, the clinical significance of the findings may be questioned since only two subjects reported complete or near complete pain relief with Farabloc, and the number of potential users is limited. Nevertheless, Farabloc is a relatively inexpensive alternative compared to other therapeutic measures currently available.


Considering the specific characteristics of supercritical boilers with medium-speed pulverizers, such as the long time-delay of medium-speed pulverizing system, and the inherent inertia, nonlinear and coupling features of combustion system, a feed-forward control strategy was designed to solve the long time-delay of pulverizing system. Based on the analysis of main control system of boiler, several control methods were proposed to improve the performance of boiler main control system greatly, including the feed-forward control, variable parameter PID control, variable structure PID control of the boiler main control system, and other coordinated control system.


In an effort to help strengthen the nation's science, math and technology education and at the same time promote educational systemic change, all new space projects at the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) now incorporate in their mission plans detailed educational outreach efforts. These outreach programs are done in partnership with the educational leadership of national, state and local agencies, organizations and class room teachers. The Winds of Change is the first educational resource developed under these conditions that provides a new type of educational tool. Winds of Change has been sponsored by the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) mission as its first educational product and an example for other NASA or technical organizations who also wish to contribute to enhancing science education.


The question of when and how fanning was introduced in the north of Norway has for decades been entangled with the hypothesis of a teutonic immigration in the Early Iron Age. New evidence ‐ mainly pollen analytical results ‐ takes away the basis for the immigration hypothesis. Both animal husbandry and barley growing originate in the neolithic periods. Although artifacts and intentional deposits of south Scandinavian types are comparatively few, important parallels are seen with Hordaland, west Norway, especially in the late Middle Neolithic Period. In the establishment and early development of farming in the North no doubt diffusional processes were at work, but small scale immigrations may also have occurred.


As one new mode of legal education,clinical legal education can intensify operating ability of legal students,cultivate legal occupation attainment. To promote the reformation of legal education,clinical legal education was introduced and generally formed its characteristic in China Women's University.Although certain success has been achieved,there are still some difficulties and problems during the cultivating process of clinical legal education.According to these problems above mentioned,this paper tries to find effective methods.


This letter evaluates and describes the large-scale integration of our multi-modal event-driven robot skin system on our humanoid robot H1 (REEM-C, PAL robotics). The robot skin is powered by the robot and all processing of tactile perception and control are executed onboard the robot. The robot skin system largely covers the humanoid and employs 1260 skin cells in 47 skin patches, in total 7560 multi-modal tactile sensors. The robot skin system is driven by events, i.e., the occurrence of novel information drives the acquisition, transmission, and processing of information rather than the synchronous sampling clock as in clock-driven systems. The event-driven robot skin system enables efficient multi-modal large area tactile perception, which is a prerequisite for realizing reactive whole-body control. We analyze the new robot skin system and evaluate its performance in clock-driven mode and event-driven mode. This analysis includes modeling the required CPU load and investigating the scaling of the system in multi-core systems. We evaluate the robot skin system with an experiment, where a large number of skin cells is activated ($>$680 cells), and a large number of events is generated. The obtained results demonstrate the superior performance of the event-driven system. In the clock-driven mode, the robot skin system constantly produces 315 000 packets/s, while in event-driven mode the system at most produces 40 000 packets/s (13%). The CPU load reduces from constantly 270% to at most 100% (37%). In clock-driven mode, the PC drops on average 80 000 packets/s (25% of all packets), while in event-driven mode, the package loss is practically neglectable. This efficient large-scale robot skin enables the complete onboard integration into a humanoid robot without the need for additional external power or processing capabilities.


The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest in the world---we know that the university was becoming a centre of learning in the 13th Century---the oldest College Peterhouse was founded in 1284. At present 16,500 students (11,600 undergraduates and approximately 5,OOO graduates). 17% of student body from overseas with 100 countries represented. The student body is fairly evenly split between arts and science subjects. In arts many have gone on to become prominent figures in arts, print and broadcast media. In the sciences Cambridge has produced over sixty Nobel Prize winners. There are 7,OOO Staff including assistant Staff (3,OOO teaching and administrative Staff). The annual


Objective To analyze the high risk factor,prevention and treatment about intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection in ICU.To provide a references for reduce the infection.Methods The general state and therapeutic regimen about 64 cases of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection were reviewed retrospectively.The high risk factor and precautions were researched.Results Intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection was multiple in ICU,and it was relevant to disease types,physical quality,antibiotic dose.Conclusion Operative procedure and inspection profession,correct selection of the puncture point,and rational use antibiotic,control the time of put canal is the way to prevention and treatment about intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection in ICU.


Distributed SQL Query Engines (DSQEs) are increasingly used in variety of domains, but especially users in small companies with little expertise may face the challenge of selecting an appropriate engine for their specific applications. Although both industry and academia are attempting to come up with high level benchmarks, the performance of DSQEs has never been explored or compared in-depth. We propose an empirical method for evaluating the performance of DSQEs with representative metrics, datasets, and system configurations. We implement a micro-benchmarking suite of three classes of SQL queries for both a synthetic and a real world dataset and we report response time, resource utilization, and scalability. We use our micro-benchmarking suite to analyze and compare three state-of-the-art engines, viz. Shark, Impala, and Hive. We gain valuable insights for each engine and we present a comprehensive comparison of these DSQEs. We find that different query engines have widely varying performance: Hive is always being outperformed by the other engines, but whether Impala or Shark is the best performer highly depends on the query type.


The article discusses the origin of the universe. The focus of the article is the universe's evolution from a quark soup to a complex system of galaxies, stars, planets, and life. Topics include an in-depth discussion on how the emergence of these features were guided by the basic laws of physics and the role of dark energy, which is an unknown form of energy that caused the expansion of the cosmos billions of years ago. INSET: In the Dark.


Several indicators seem to suggest that, through nearly six decades of development, Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS) may be taking shape as an autonomous field of study. The main challenges ahead seem to be building sounder theoretical models and carrying out more rigorous methodological scrutiny. These two strands converge as central themes in the 11 contributions to this special issue of LANS-TTS. To provide a context for theoretical modelling and to frame critical discussions of the methods included in this volume, we first trace the present landscape of CTS and how it evolved so as to test Holmes' criteria for disciplines: founding new channels of communication and sharing a "disciplinary utopia". The contributions are arranged into four thematic categories as applied to CTS, namely, scientometrics, framing or reframing our field, the reliability and validity of popular research methods, and new methods or novel approaches. This article closes with a call to reflect on some fundamental issues on the next steps of humankind regarding communication, with ever-growing societal demands and expectations that call for refreshing our notions of translation in the context of increasingly diversified forms of multilectal mediated communication.


A female Eulophonotus myrmeleon at emergence contains fully developed eggs and may lay whether mated or not. There is no preferred oviposition site and eggs are deposited randomly on the tree or on plant debris. The larva tunnels into a stem, enlarging the gallery as it grows, and spends its entire immature life inside the stem. Survival to adulthood was 2–3%. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd


Every year a portion of teachers leave the teaching profession in search of a different career path, which creates the phenomena of the "revolving door" of teachers in schools. Many policy initiatives have focused on trying to attract and retain highly effective teachers to remain in schools across the nation. In 1998, President Clinton signed the Higher Education Amendments to distribute qualified teachers across the United States equally (Ingersoll, 2001). In 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act included the Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) grant that tried to increase the amount of effective teachers and administrators within high need schools (U.S. Department of Education, 2009). Nonetheless in 2013, teacher turnover and retention is still a problem and could continually affect student achievement, especially in high need schools (Barnes, Crowe, & Schaefer, 2007; U.S. Department of Education, 2004 as cited by Stronge, 2007).


An efficient microcapsule gel breaker and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical fields of chemical material and oil field, especially production process of gel breaker in oil and gas well fracture. The method comprises steps of: mixing chloroform, span 80 and ammonium persulfate; adding a mixed liquor of sodium dodecyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol 6000, chitosan, acetic acid, polyethylene glycol 400, n-butanol and pyrrole; stirring, washing and drying the mixture to obtain the microcapsule gel breaker. According to the invention, a capsule-core ammonium persulphate particle is wrapped with a thin layer of shielding material, at the same time absorbent material is introduced into a capsule dressing material; external water slowly enters into the capsule core through the capsule dressing absorbent material; finally the pressure generated from stratum rock closure breaks the microcapsule, which will completely release the gel breaker, thereby ensuring thorough gel breaking. The gel breaker of the invention can increase dosage, reduce formation damage and increase oil output, and has very considerable economic benefits.


Since the beginning of 2008, Stadtwerke Dusseldorf AG has been running a biomass power station in the district of Garath for the environmentally-friendly production of electricity and district heating in a combined heat and power process. The power station, which was completed at the end of 2007, was integrated into the existing heating plant and district heating infrastructure in Garath and has been meeting 40 % of Garath's heating demands ever since. Waste wood from the categories A1 and A2 as described in the Altholzverordnung (regulation on waste wood) is used as fuel. "Operation without permanent supervision" (72 Bob) was created and the operation of the power station is supervised by the central control department at the main power station located in the district of Hafen in Dusseldorf. The maintenance concept for the biomass boiler, which is based on a running time of 7,800 hours per year, includes a biannual two-week shutdown and revision period, during which the necessary maintenance, cleaning and restoration work takes place. In 2013, after an operating time of almost 6 years, the refractory lining of the first boiler chamber was replaced. The lining is made of a plating system in the combustion chamber and various types of fire-proof concrete in the upper area. This paper is dealing with the selection, planning and practical implementation of the replacement of the biomass boiler's refactory lining which were incorporated into the scheduled system shutdown.


Objective: To study using small dose strepozotocin (STZ) and high caloric diet acted on model rats, exploration the correlation of deficiency of spleen as mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine of diabetes and building rat model of insulin resistance of type two diabetes mellitus. Methods: To detect blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity index and general symptom, body weight, food intake of experimental rats. Results: Blood glucose and fasting insulin of model group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), but ISI of model group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.01); and rats of model group appeared corresponding symptoms of polydipsia, polyphgia, polyuria of diabetes. Conclusion: To successfully build rat model of diabetes and corresponding insulin resistance of type two diabetes mellitus on the basis that deficiency of spleen is one of important mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine of diabetes.


INTRODUCTION
Although the majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) reside in low-and middle-income countries, little is known of the infrastructure in these countries for delivering emerging disease-modifying treatments.

METHODS
We analyze the preparedness of China, the world's most populous middle-income country, using desk research, expert interviews and a simulation model.

RESULTS
Our findings suggest that China's health care system is ill-prepared to provide timely access to Alzheimer's treatment. The current pathway, in which patients seek evaluation in hospital-based memory clinics without a prior assessment in primary care, would overwhelm existing capacity. Even with triage using a brief cognitive assessment and a blood test for the AD pathology, predicted wait times would remain over 2 years for decades, largely due to limited capacity for confirmatory biomarker testing despite adequate specialist capacity.

DISCUSSION
Closing this gap will require the introduction of high-performing blood tests, greater reliance on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing, and expansion of positron emission tomography (PET) capacity.


Modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) models based on Transformer structures represent the state of the art in terms of performance on very diverse tasks. However, these models are complex and represent several hundred million parameters for the smallest of them. This may hinder their adoption at the industrial level, making it difficult to scale up to a reasonable infrastructure and/or to comply with societal and environmental responsibilities. To this end, we present in this paper a model that drastically reduces the computational cost of a well-known French model (CamemBERT), while preserving good performance.


SummaryThe types of auxin in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing N6-benzyladenine (BA) determined indirect morphogenesis, i.e. development to bipolar somatic embryos or monopolar shoots in Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Indirect in vitro morphogenesis depended on growth regulators, explant excision period, and light. Calli induced from explants collected in March–April were superior in the induction of indirect morphogenesis to those collected in July–August. Light enforced in vitro morphogenesis, while darkness was inhibitory. The presence of kinetin in the medium also inhibited morphogenesis. Calli developed on explants collected in March–April grown on MS medium fortified with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and BA facilitated indirect organogenesis, while those developed on medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and BA underwent somatic embryogenesis. MS medium with 13.3 μM BA and 2.69 μM NAA was the best for induction of shoots from callus, which developed a mean of 15.7 shoots. Shoots were best rooted on half-strength MS medium enriched with 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid with a mean of 5.1 roots per shoot. MS medium supplemented with 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 4.44 μM BA induced the highest number (mean of 13.4) of somatic embryos. Of the embryos transferred on half-strength MS medium containing 2.89 μM gibberellic acid, 78% of embryos developed to the cotyledonary stage. Most cotyledonary embryos (80%) underwent conversion to plantlets upon being transferred to half-strength MS basal medium in light. The survival rate of organogenesis and embryo-derived plants was 80 and 90%, respectively. Calli transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens showed expression of the gusA transgene and resistance to kanamycin, but did not undergo morphogenesis.


Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused a massive impact on the entire world. Healthcare systems, economies, and social lives have already been overwhelmed. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), having been COVID-free for around two and a half months in the middle of the pandemic, is now facing a second wave of the infection after easing its preventive measures. Early implementation of precautions may dramatically reduce COVID-19 infections, but the virus is not eliminated. Additionally, the phenomenon "pandemic fatigue" introduced by the WHO is contributing to a significant decline in compliance with mitigation behaviors globally. With vaccines now rolling out, there is a reason to hope that there is an end in sight; however, it will most likely take a half year for widespread vaccinations to be in place. Decision-makers should analyze the effects of each intervention and pandemic fatigue to get ready for the further waves of infection.


Semiconductor packaging technologies are getting more challenging with regards to assembly manufacturing due to several factors such as complex package layout, process and machine capability, and materials compatibility. This paper discusses the wirebonding process difficulty and the solution to mitigate the wire-to-wire shorting defect on a substrate land grid array (LGA) device that causes low yield on engineering trials. Using a high-speed camera equipment, the actual process was monitored. It was then noticed that the cause of wire-to-wire shorting issue was a capillary hitting on previous wire. Ultimately, with the new capillary design and process optimization, wire-to-wire shorting defect was successfully mitigated.


In this paper, we revisit the frequency allocation scheme (FAS) for the homogeneous cellular networks by taking the non-uniform distribution of users into account. Owing to the non-uniformly distributed user density from sector to sector, the traffic loads become highly unbalanced across whole network. Thus, to satisfy users' requests, the dynamic user-oriented FAS (Duo-FAS) is proposed to allocate different amount of subcarriers to sectors according to the variant user densities. However, the Duo-FAS technique can partially remove the innate benefit of interference avoidance via frequency planning, i.e. the conventional three-sectored cell architecture. That means some extra inter-cell interference (ICI) can be produced by using Duo- FAS. Fortunately, the network multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technique can effectively alleviate the impact of ICI. Thanks to Duo-FAS, the number and positions of the cooperative cells when using the network MIMO technique can be significantly different from the conventional schemes. Thus, properly selecting the cooperative cells becomes a pivotal issue. The key is that for any particular user, the neighboring cells to form a cooperative network MIMO group should be adaptively selected so that the strong ICI can be eliminated. The simulation results demonstrated the higher achievable cell capacity.


As the edge rate becomes faster in digital signals, signal integrity (SI) analysis, such as reflection, delay, and crosstalk becomes increasingly important. This paper proposes an efficient modeling approach, which combines the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and multi-conductor layer peeling technique for differential transmission lines, to extract the equivalent model and the characteristic impedance of the differential transmission lines. These extracted models can be employed to predict the crosstalk of the high-speed signals.


The plenum of the All-Union Scientific Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was devoted to obstetric hemorrhages. Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor G. M. Savelyeva (Moscow) in her report "Principles of reimbursement of blood loss in obstetric hemorrhage" recommended the following tactics of infusion and transfusion therapy based on the results of examination of 200 parturients. For blood loss of 0.6-0.8% of body weight, the total volume of infusions should be 80-100%, and hemotransfusions can be abstained from. For infusions preference should be given to gelatinol, reopolyglucin, their combination with crystalloids.


Based on the data of 541 new issues from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2003 in China,the paper finds that the difference between account revenues of the periods with the same pricing institutions is not significant,but it is significant for periods with different pricing institutions.So a game is provided in the paper to analyze this phenomenon,and conclusion is that,the separating equilibrium cannot exist if the government fails to put a serious punish on the issuers who have provided a dishonest financial reports.


Controllers are designed to regulate output voltage and improve dynamic performance of dc–dc converter to variable supply voltage, load current or circuit element variation. Conventional controller like PID has narrow dynamics that limit its application to quiescent supply input voltage and load current change. Recent research efforts are exploiting state of the art power electronics devices and high computational speed digital signal processor to improve transient and dynamics performance of power converters through advanced modern control techniques. This paper presents a design and evaluation of observer state output feedback controller for phase-shifted full bridge zero voltage switching dc–dc converter output voltage regulation to widen the supply input voltage. The converter closed-loop control was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the results demonstrated improved transient response to wider supply voltage and sudden load current change as compared with the conventional PID controller.


The article is devoted to analysis of theoretically — methodological potential and practical possibilities which cultural sciences turn opens for philosophy of education and pedagogy on the material of Western philosophy of education. The perspectives of interdisciplinary syntheses are researched, where philosophy of education is their communicative medium.


Kushen, a traditional Chinese medicine, has the functions of clearing away heat and dampness, reducing inflammation and detoxifying, and its alkaloids are its main anti-tumor substances. In recent years, as the extract of Kushen, compound Kushen injection has the characteristics of significant anti-tumor efficacy and few side effects, it is often combined with various anti-tumor treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy in clinical practice in China. This paper summarizes the animal and clinical experiments of cervical, breast, gastric, and colon cancer through the drug effect of the compound Kushen injection. Many studies have shown that compound Kushen injection mainly exerts its anti-tumor effect by regulating tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, reducing tumor angiogenesis, and improving body immunity. Based on traditional anti-tumor therapy, adding the compound Kushen injection can have a more apparent therapeutic effect on patients, reduce the side effects of anti-tumor therapy, improve patients' quality of life, and prolong patients' survival time. This paper significantly summarizes the research on the anti-tumor treatment of compound Kushen injection, further clarifies the anti-tumor effect of the effective extracts of traditional Chinese medicine, which provides a basis for future anti-tumor research of compound Kushen injection and a basis for the clinical promotion of the drug.


– With the development of China's economy, the ownership of civil automobiles is increasing. The research and analysis of the civil automobile ownership is helpful for us to make a judgment on the trend of China's macro economy and provide reference for the development of the automobile industry. In this paper, grey correlation analysis was used to select the impact indicators, and factor analysis was used to construct the economic growth factor (Fac1), energy and environment factor (Fac2) and household consumption factor (Fac3). Then, stepwise regression was used to obtain the prediction model. The final model contains 8 economic indicators in total, including two factors, energy and environment factor and resident consumption factor, which greatly improves the disadvantage that regression analysis in other literatures can only get 2-3 explanatory variables in the end, also can provide a good explanation for the change of civilian automobile ownership. Compared with the time series method and grey prediction method, the method in this paper also ensures high accuracy. In this paper, a combined method, namely, selection of gray correlation analysis, factor analysis to construct impact factors, and regression analysis to obtain the final model, can not only predict China's civilian car ownership, but also explain the influencing factors.


It introduces the design of dry dedusting process for No.6 BF gas in Tiantie Metallurgical(Group) Corporation by bag filter and states that this process can result in less dust content in the gas and high gas temperature which enable TRT to generate much more electric power almost without water consumption,additionally,it also points out the technology needs to be improved and the equipment selection.


Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory condition with multiorgan involvement, which includes the exocrine and endocrine glands, kidneys, soft tissues, skin, lymph nodes, digestive system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory tract. Since IgG4-RD pancreatitis was first reported in 2001 and officially named in 2010, IgG4-RD has received increasing attention. Umehara et al. (1) proposed the 2011 comprehensive diagnostic criteria and recommended that the diagnosis should be pathologically confirmed. The established diagnostic criteria are as follows: the IgG4 plasma level >135 mg/dl; IgG4-positive plasma cells/IgG-positive plasma cells >40%, or plasmacytic infiltration with infiltrating IgG4-positive plasma cells >10/high-power field (HPF). A recent cohort study presented that the demography of IgG4-RD was an adult disease, 90% of these patients were >50 years old, and pancreatitis was the leading manifestation (2). In the present reports a rare case of IgG4-related gastric ulcer not combined with other organs, which is very rare in clinical setting. Furthermore, it is not common for 14-year-old adolescent patients. The importance of considering IgG4-related gastric ulcer as a possible cause was highlighted when the patient had prior unexplained gastrointestinal ulcer.


The flow of oil from California's fields is rising rapidly for the first time since the Korean war. The forecasters say that it will keep on rising until it sets new records above 1,000,000 bpd, a figure touched only once before. It is predicted that any sharp dip would not come before 1975 at the earliest. The bulk of the 50,000 bpd increase so far this year unquestionably is due to steam injection in the state's shallow, low-gravity fields. However, steam is not the whole story. At least 4 major fields will start commercial production this year, and other discoveries promise to add significant reserves. As steaming spreads and the flow from the new discoveries increases, the upward curve being drawn by current monthly production figures will keep rising. While steam injection as a recovery technique has spread rapidly across the state this year, many projects are still a long way from production peaks. Because of the secrecy still surrounding steam, there are few figures and no forecasts. Operators generally look upon cylic steam injection as a cash crop to be harvested now. Down the road, cyclic projects must be converted to steam-displacement programs, to in-situ combustion projects, or tomore » exotic new techniques.« less


The invention relates to a sliding contact material and a layered composite material. The contact material comprises the following components by weight percent: 15-45% of Pd, 0.5-8% of Cu, 0.5-5% of Zn, 0.05-0.5% of RE and the balance Ag. The sliding contact material can be embedded in a copper/copper alloy surface to form the layered composite material. The sliding contact material has good properties such as self-lubricating property, arc resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance and is suitable to be used as the working layer of the micromotor brush which works in a high-speed and corrosive environment.


The anomalous situation that foreign residents, as a significant part of the population, are excluded from regular politics, poses a challenge to all European democracies which claim that policy-making should be done by people who represent the whole population (Rath, 1990: 127). Individual European countries have reacted differently to this challenge. In this paper the focus will be on the cases of Belgium and the Netherlands, two countries with similar laws on acquisition of nationality. In both countries there has been (parliamentary) debate over enfranchisement of foreign residents since the early seventies. The political debates led to different policy outcomes in the two countries. In the Netherlands all foreign residents, residing more than five years in the country, can since 1985 vote in municipal elections. In accordance with the Treaty of Maastricht, European citizens can since 1996 immediately vote in local Dutch elections. Belgium has been more reluctant to enfranchise EU-citizens on the municipal level. It took till early 1999 before Belgium implemented its European obligations. Non-EU-foreigners still have no local voting rights and this will at best only be the case in 2006. Neither in Belgium nor in the Netherlands, non-nationals can vote in supra-local or national elections. In my PhD-research (Jacobs, 1998b) I have studied how the issue of voting rights for non-nationals has been addressed in parliament in the Netherlands and Belgium between the early seventies and the late 1990s. The corpus of data analysed in this endeavour was constituted by all officially published documents relating to the issue of voting rights for foreign residents, published in the period 1970-1997 by the different bodies of Parliament in the Netherlands and Belgium. Elaborating on that research, I want to focus in this paper on the presence (or absence) and importance of the ethnic minority voice in the debates over enfranchisement of foreign residents


This paper introduces a sample pretreatment method for assaying chlorogenic acid-D101-column separation-precipitation method. The method features thorough removal of impurities, complete separation of chlorogenic acid and simple operational procedures. The experimental result of four samples from three preparations shows that this method is good in reliability and applicability.


an even wider circle. The compression of 958 pages of matter into a single volume of less than 600 pages has required some drastic omissions. Thus the copious notes and references that are so important a feature of the original are missing, and wherever possible the text itself has been abbreviated. On the credit side, the opportunity has been taken to bring the revision up to date in accord with the fourth German edition of 1958. Furthermore Fr Jungmann has contributed an entirely new chapter on the Rite of Commingling. As a single-volume treatise of primary importance on the history and development of the Mass Liturgy, the book claims a unique and unchallenged position. For the ordinary reader it could hardly be more complete. The serious student, however, will necessarily prefer to consult the generous critical apparatus of the full edition.


Around 60% of water constitute the human body if about 2% of the body's water content drop anyone dehydration must have a remarkable effect. Studies show that the loss of body water can break many aspects of brain function. About Eight 8-ounce (237-mL) glasses of water always consult by the physician for a sound person. But unfortunately, If this drinking water becomes impure it affects to develop the various vital dysfunction in our body. Infrequent bowel actions and trouble passing footrest, brain associate dysfunction along with familiar waterborne infections such as looseness, polio, diarrhoea and meningitis are the common conditions that arise for the water-borne pathogen in water.
Gopalganj is a town in Gopalgonj District belonging to the Dhaka Division of Bangladesh. According to the census(cf) of 2011-03-15, 53778 individuals are living here from the divergent profession. For geographical reasons the most of the area specially Gopalganj town along with Gobra, Ghonapra, Tungipara where most government institutions are located the groundwater is not suitable for drinking as Iron and Arsenic are the supremacy amount. That's why this is the common scenery of these areas to use drinking water jar for the purpose of safe water. For this reason here have already found about 10-15 drinking water jar supplier company.
In this research, we performed the microbiological assay to observe the presence or absence of water-born pathogen on these drinking water containing the water jar along with the morphological characteristics of these pathogens. In point of fact, we found that there is 3 to 6 type of microbes are present in this water. Among these pathogens, there are the supremacy of gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria along with some moulds co-exist on these microbiomes.


Aim  Using a probabilistic modelling framework, we aimed to incorporate landscape spatiotemporal dynamics into reserve design. We employed a spatially explicit stochastic model, which integrates both hydrological and biological processes, to simulate the wetland's biological succession.


This research project explores the history of the theoretical conceptualisation of community in mental health during a watershed period between 1935 and 1965. St Crispin Hospital in Duston, Northampton provides a focus for the research. Mental health services between 1850 and 1965 are described, setting the work into historical context. Concepts of community that could apply to mental health are briefly reviewed. Previous studies have under-stated the degree of continuity between hospital and local community and have underplayed the importance of compulsory detention for concepts of community. The research uses an historical approach combining a modified grounded theory strategy with oral histories and other documentary sources. The research includes a description of how additional new buildings for "voluntary patients" and older asylum buildings became separated at St Crispin Hospital, in the psyches of staff and some in local communities. The internal patient labour economy operating in St Crispin Hospital is recorded as a new contribution to local history. Clear dividing lines between the mental hospital and the outside community "at the gate" are refuted with respect to St Crispin Hospital showing it to have had a mechanical solidarity with the local village. This is defined as the theoretical concept of a "geographic-occupational community". The concept of communities formed of members, by choice, and who have feelings of belonging, is rejected. This is considered as being inapplicable to mental health to the extent that coercion is a recognised means of admission. The fact that being in hospital may not always have been equated by patients with "bad" and outside as "good" is explored. Furthermore, being outside may not necessarily be equated with being "integrated" and inside as being "segregated". A wartime and post-war crisis in St Crispin Hospital and the manner in which reform was initiated demonstrates the importance of the leadership of charismatic and/or powerful individuals, nurses, doctors and others. The sometimes-important role of hospital-based volunteers in the initiation of change following the post-war crisis in St Crispin Hospital in Northampton is revealed. Neglect of these voluntary services in the literature, with a concentration on those voluntary initiatives based in the community, is identified. A second theoretical concept of the "community of interest" is developed as an analytical tool to understand the ways in which mental health patients became linked and even integrated within an "outside" community, which included volunteers, as the "geographic-occupational community" gradually broke down. A re-assessment of the importance of new medical treatments in the post war period suggests that new drugs and "open door" policies may have been mutually re-inforcing. A third theoretical concept of the "risk community" is developed as a tool to explore the growing emphasis on risk management. The nature of risk in mental health today is revealed as being perceived to be more widespread and to have become the primary mode of governance. Areas for further study are identified. These include: the use of the three theoretical concepts of community, developed in this project as analytical tools, in exploring mental health services of other times and places; further exploration of work carried out in mental hospitals by voluntary organisations; the contributions made by significant individuals in local services; and the exploration of patient labour working patterns in a wider range of hospitals. The project concludes by recognising the importance of finding research strategies to give a voice to the central characters in the story of mental health and community, namely the patients from St Crispin Hospital, whose accounts have been silenced through a combination of attrition and contemporary research governance frameworks.


The aim of research is to develop an area of micro- and mesoporous ceramic materials of ternary - TiO 2 -ZrO 2 -SiO 2 system. Ceramic system TiO 2 -ZrO 2 -SiO 2 has been synthesized via a sol-gel technology by hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and zirconia propoxide and titanium isporopoxide solutions. The sols have been polymerized at room temperature to obtain gels and dried at 100 °C for 72 hours. Xerogel has been milled for 1 or 6 hours and axially pressed for nanoporous ceramic samples. Powders have been sintered at 800 °C or 1000 °C in air. 1 M hydrochloric acid and distilled water have been used as a catalyst to advance the hydrolysis and condensation reactions. All samples have been characterized by X-ray (XRD) diffraction, particle size distribution, crystallite size distribution, compressive strength. Porosity and specific surface area of nanoporous ceramic samples have been determined by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms.


A fan propeller is provided with a plurality of blades (14), each blade has a front edge (28) and a trailing edge (30), the neutral axis (32), before and after edge (28) It has a wing-like cross-sectional shape of the aircraft and a span (30) between the edge (30). According to one embodiment, the blade, at least part of its length, the neutral axis (32) has an inflection point (34), the curvature of the two opposite, i.e., the front edge (28) and shaped cross-section to comprise a concave curvature (C FIELD is a car. .The


It is known that patients treated for diabetic coma with large amounts of insulin and replacement of fluid may develop generalized paralysis of the extremities and of the respiratory muscles. During the paralysis the potassium level of the serum is extremely low, but when the serum potassium is raised by administration of potassium the paralysis disappears (Holler, 1946; Frenkel, Groen & Willebrands, 1947 a, b; Nicholson & Brauning, 1947; Logsdon & McGavack, 1948; Tuynman & Wilhelm, 1948; Stephens, 1949; Danowski, Peters, Rathburn, Quashnock & Greenman, 1949). It seemed possible that the paralysis might be explained by a combination of potassium depletion with an effect of insulin on the potassium distribution in the muscles, and further that the paralysis might be related to a diminution of the extraor intracellular potassium or both. To test these possibilities we examined the effect of insulin on the contractions of the isolated rat diaphragm suspended in a potassium-free medium. The diaphragm preparations were obtained from normal rats and from rats fed on a potassium-free diet to produce a low intracellular potassium content of the muscle.


To contribute to the development of an integrated strategy of pests associated with the tomato crop, the insecticidal potential of the essential oil of Nigella sativa was evaluated on larvae of Tuta absoluta, which is considered the most destructive insect in the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and which causes serious damages in invaded areas. Rearing larvae of Tuta absoluta and the testing of toxicity were conducted in laboratory conditions in petri dishes at a temperature of 26±2°C, with a relative humidity ranging from 60 to 70% and a photoperiod of 16 / 8. The method of Finney based on probits regression of mortalities according to the logarithms of essential oil doses allowed us to determine the LD50. The results of these tests showed that the essential oil of Nigella sativa has remarkable larvicidal properties. After four hours of exposure, they induced 100% of mortality of larvae in the concentration of 0,203μl/cm2. The measured LD50 indicated the value of 0,105μl/cm2. Field trials are needed to confirm the practical relevance of these results in the development of a natural pesticide against the larvae of Tuta absoluta.


The invention discloses an integrated portable multichannel phase coherent signal analyzer, comprising the following components: a clock generation module, a radio frequency signal source module, a coherent signal generation module, a local oscillator signal source module, a coherent receiver module, a master computer calling frequency and tracking algorithm module and an error correction and algorithm revising module, wherein, the clock generation module provides reference time base signals for the radio frequency signal source module and the local oscillator signal source module; the radio frequency signal source generation module generates a radio frequency excitation signal for the coherent signal generation module; the coherent signal generation module outputs four paths of coherent radio frequency excitation signals through an output interface; the local oscillator signal source module generates a coherent local oscillator signal to the coherent receiver module; the coherent receiver module acquires the four paths of detected signals from an input interface and forwards the detected signals to a main control computer after being processed; and the main control computer calling frequency and tracking algorithm module and the error correction and algorithm revising module finish the final process on the detected signals. The analyzer of the invention has small volume, low cost, simple testing process, and vector error correction and revising function, ensures the measuring accuracy of the multichannel phase and the amplitude difference, lowers the testing cost, shortens the testing time and improves the testing flexibility and the testing accuracy.


Objecting to technique requirement of measurement for geometric elements such as line width and distances between lines in masks used in micro/nano manufacturing,a computer vision based measurement system for geometric measurement of micro structure was developed.This system,which embeds 606nm optical revolution and is programmed in LabVIEW and its Vision toolbox,has some key functions such as multi-directions profile searching,macro/micro measurement methods and auto focusing.The experimental and analysis result shows that this system can satisfy the measurement of micrometer/nanometer geometric elements.


Brassica vegetables are subjected to viral, bacterial as well as fungal attack, which causes a high yield loss. Temperature and moisture conditions, which promote the growth of fungus, are needed to be studied in order for an effective control of the disease to be estimated. The present review gives a brief account of the fungal diseases which have been considered responsible for major economic loss to the Brassica crops. The epidemiological conditions necessary for the occurrence and prevalence of the different types of fungal diseases studied by different workers have been reviewed and it has been found that an optimum temperature and high moisture conditions are required for the growth of fungi. The different available control measures that have been considered effective against the pathogens were also been investigated and breeding practices was been considered most effective owing to the lack of field trials in the genetic engineering of plants.


The thesis is focused on a comprehensive proposal of entering of Slovak company UNOMED spol. s r.o. which distibutes medical supplies, on the austrian market. The work includes: Theoretical background necessary to enter on the foreign market, analysis of the current situation of the company and concrete proposal for entry the austrian market.


The air present in every spacecraft will vent during launch, so spacecraft hardware must be designed sufficiently to withstand the resulting pressure differences that develop as the external pressure decreases from that at sea level to negligible levels in about 2 minutes. Pressure differentials can be significant, especially for honeycomb panels within which air must travel through many small perforations in honeycomb cell walls to reach vent ports, and cases have been reported of honeycomb panels exploding during launch. Thus, work has been conducted at Ball Aerospace to not only model air venting from honeycomb panels, but also develop techniques to simplify the simulations. Predictions have compared well with pressure differences measured in a test panel during depressurization tests. The results provide confidence in the ability to predict pressure differences in honeycomb panels of any shape and cell size.


Multizone approach for greenhouse microclimate control is an interesting way to overcome temperature and humidity problems. Colombia is the world's second largest flowers producer, and Bogotá's savannah contains most of the crops. The currently implemented solutions are rudimentary and in some cases, inefficient. In this work we use a model that represents temperature and humidity, which has the same characteristics as some biological models used in behavioral ecology. In order to control each of the variables, we use a population dynamics approach to properly allocate the resources in the greenhouse. A stability analysis is performed under some assumptions, and the simulations illustrate the performance of our method under different operation conditions.


The Inner Depression (Central Pyrenees) presents a great heterogeneity of land uses and vegetation covers. In this context, a hundred of badlands areas are distributed along the ranges of the Depression. This morphologies occurrence has been associated to the combination of different factors: bedrock, climate, deforestation, slope terracing and field crop abandonment. In this way, most of the hydrological basins show a mosaic of contrasted environments: badlands, meadows, meadows with shrubs and reforested slopes. This study presents the analyses of the hydrological response on the Araguas catchment, which is monitored for recording discharges from the most extreme environments: badlands and reforested slopes. The results show great differences on discharge generation, both by runoff generation processes and by its frequency and water volume. Reforested environments decreases flooding and erosion risks, but also generate a big reduction of water resources disposability.


While recently turning over the plates of this Monograph, my attention was arrested by the lobe-line figured on plate 63, and on looking at the explanation of the plate given on the opposite page, I was much surprised to see that it was stated to be the "Lobe-line of Harpoceras ovatum, magnified." On the same plate, just below (fig. 4) is a side view of the Harp, ovatum with its lobeline in situ, and I suppose it to be this lobe-line that is magnified. But there must surely be some mistake here. Compare the lobeline, fig. 7, with that on fig. 4, and notice the much greater width of the siphonal saddle in fig. 4 (than in fig. 7), where, on account of the curvature of the fossil, it would be really smaller. To say nothing of the obliquity of the inner portion of that on fig. 4, where is the first auxiliary lobe (nearly as large as the inferior lateral in fig. 7) to be found in fig. 4? I think it will be apparent that for some reason or other the two lobe-lines are different. But is the lobe-line, fig. 7, the correct lobe-line for such a species as the Harp, ovatum here figured? I must say No! Turning for a moment to Wright's description of the lobe-line of Harp, ovatum, page 446, we find it stated, "The suture-line is of the radians type."


Retail establishments, like supermarkets, process animal-derived foods in a scale almost as high as food factories. Thus, products processed in these establishments are exposed to the same recontamination risk as in the industrial environment. The aim of this study was to verify the environmental contamination level in supermarket areas, where animal-derived products are sliced and packed. An observational study was conducted in 37 supermarkets located in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Most establishments had a supervisor (78.4%), had training activities for the employees (67.6%) and supervising the manipulation activities (78.4%). Most (83.3%) supermarkets did not have a Good Manufacture Practice Manual. Regarding the sanitization in processing areas, 62.2% had a cleaning and disinfection protocol based on the application of a liquid detergent followed by a disinfectant, and 70% adopted a commercial product for hand antisepsis. However, the concentration of the disinfectant and the frequency of their application were not known by the employees. It was concluded that a better monitoring of sanitization procedures in these areas have to be adopted to guarantee the safety of processed food.


1. The rate of decline in transpiration of an excised leaf or twig from an oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.) or pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the first 6 minutes after severing was found to be quite variable, depending on the species and the time of day. Oak leaves showed especially rapid decline in the afternoon, with definite decreases within 1 minute of severing; on similar days pine leaves were less responsive to cutting from the tree, whether twigs or fascicles were used, and transpiration declined only slightly after severing in the subsequent 6 minutes. 2. Night rates for oak often showed a slight increase after severing and then a decline about 3 minutes after severing, but the pine leaf transpiration was quite steady at night for the same 6-minute period. 3. Diurnal trends for either oak or pine transpiration showed that cloudy and clear days had about the same effect on total rates. Likewise, occasional periods of cloudiness during the day had no apparent effect in depressing the rate in either oak or pine. 4. On clear days leaves from different sides of both oak and pine transpired quite differently, depending largely on whether they were in direct sun or in shade. On cloudy days all sides of either species transpired at about the same rate. 5. Leaves from different vertical locations on the south side of the oak and of the pine at any time of day did not show any significant differences in transpiration rates in spite of occasional dry soil conditions. 6. Percentage water content of oak leaves reached a minimum in the midafternoon, whether based on dry weight or leaf area, but pine leaves during the daylight hours showed no appreciable changes in percentage water content based on dry weight. There was, however, an increase in water content per dry weight after sundown in pine. 7. Studies of rainfall and soil moisture during August showed that, although the soil moisture fell to about 10% (wilting point 10%) under the oak, and presumably also under the pine, transpiration rates in each were nearly the same before and after watering the soil. Possibly both trees had deep roots. 8. Total oak transpiration for a 10-hour clear day at about 70⚬ F. with rather low humidity was calculated to be 154 1.; the pine on a similar day transpired approximately 181 l. 9. Transpiration from oak leaves that had turned red in October was far below that of corresponding green leaves, although the leaf water content of the red leaves was higher than that of the green ones.


Immunotherapy of cancer has established itself in recent
 years as a promising novel approach to treat cancer patients. One of the
 experimental approaches is based on therapeutic vaccination. We have
 previously developed vaccines consisting of synthetic long peptides (SLP)
 which successfully eradicated premalignant lesions in 50% of patients. To
 further improve these vaccines, a Toll-like receptor ligand (TLR-L) was
 conjugated to SLP which enables targeting of the SLP to relevant
 antigen-presenting cells while concomitantly activating these cells. In fact,
 the research described in this thesis shows that TLR-L SLP conjugates induce
 enhanced antitumor immunity. Furthermore, optimization of the TLR-L led to
 even furher improved antitumor responses in mice. Using human cancer
 patient-derived lymph node cells, we show that lymph node-derived T cells are
 favorably activated by the TLR-L SLP conjugates. Finally, we combine multiple
 innate immune stimulatory agonists (TLR2-L and NOD2-L) in one molecule to
 establish synergistic immune activation. Overall, the research described in
 this thesis demonstrates the potency of TLR-L SLP conjugates as cancer
 vaccines, which could strongly contribute to the treatment of cancer
 patients.


MUCH EVIDENCE has been accumulating within the past few years indicating that GABA is an important inhibitory transmitter in supraspinal and spinal regions of mammalian CNS. Besides its well-established post-synaptic inhibitory effects, GABA has been shown to have a depolarizing action on primary afferents in various parts of the peripheral and central nervous system, including mammalian (ECCLES et al., 1963) and amphibian (DAVIWFF, 1972; BARKER & NICOLL. 1972) spinal cord and rat cuneate nucleus (DAVIDSON & SOUTHWICK, 1970), as well as on dorsal root ganglia (DE GROAT et al., 1972) and superior cervical ganglia (DE GROAT, 1970; BOWERY & BROWN,


ABSTRACT: Symbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium , commonly referred to as zooxan-thellae, inhabit a large portion of the world's corals and are essential for the existence and well beingof tropical reef ecosystems. The initiation of this symbiosis was studied using the Red-Sea soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens. Results show that the motile algal cells are attracted to chemical substancesemanating from the mouths of juvenile (zooxanthellae-free) polyps but not of adult (zooxanthellae-bearing) ones. The oral acquisition of symbionts is immediate; within 15 min of encountering thepolyp, 15.6 ± 5.2 cells gain access into it. Once initial acquisition is concluded, the net number ofalgae within the polyp does not change significantly over the next 3 h, while algae continue to pene-trate through and be expelled from the polyp mouth.KEY WORDS: Algal acquisition · Symbiosis · Coral reef · Zooxanthellae · Chemotaxis Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher


Abstract High-Reynolds number gravity currents (GC) in a horizontal channel with circular/semicircular side walls are investigated by comparing experimental data and shallow-water (SW) theoretical results. We focus attention on a Boussinesq system (salt water in fresh water): the denser fluid, occupying part of the depth or the full depth of the ambient fluid which fills the remaining part of the channel, is initially at rest in a lock separated by a gate from the downstream channel. Upon the rapid removal of the gate ('dam break'), the denser 'current' begins propagating into the downstream channel, while a significant adjustment motion propagates upstream in the lock as a bore or rarefaction wave. Using an experimental channel provided by a tube of 19 cm diameter and up to 615 cm length, which could be filled to various levels, we investigated both full-depth and part-depth releases, considered the various stages of inertial-buoyancy propagation (in particular, the initial 'slumping' with constant speed, and the transition to the late self-similar propagation with time to the power $3/4$ ), and detected the transition to the viscous-buoyancy regime. A first series of tests is focused on the motion in the lock while a second series of tests is focused on the evolution of the downstream current. The speed of propagation of the current in the slumping stage is overpredicted by the theory, by about the same amount (typically 15 %) as observed in the classical flat bottom case. The length of transition to viscous regime turns out to be ${\sim}[\mathit{Re}_{0}(h_{0}/x_{0})]^{{\it\alpha}}$ ( $\mathit{Re}_{0}=(g^{\prime }h_{0})^{1/2}h_{0}/{\it\nu}_{c}$ is the initial Reynolds number, $g^{\prime }$ is the reduced gravity, ${\it\nu}_{c}$ is the kinematic viscosity of the denser fluid, $h_{0}$ and $x_{0}$ are the height of the denser current and the length of the lock, respectively), with the theoretical ${\it\alpha}=3/8$ and experimental ${\it\alpha}\approx 0.27$ .


has to be created in which corrupti<?n is recognised as a social evil and integrity is rewarded. Secondly, it is both for the .state and the society to change their att~tudes towards curruption and currupt. Sharma asserts that unless pol_itical leaders at tt:ie top can bring about a basic change in. their attitudes, it may not be poss~ble to eradicate or even significantly reduce the volume of curruption, .~owever strict the antic9r~uption laws or howsoever the conduct rules or howsoever ·efficient the CBI or the eve or the pol ice establishment may be. In passing, it may be mentioned that Lok Sabha ha~· already .. passed the Anti Defection Bill and Government has introduced Lok Pal Bill in Parliament. In sum, this is a nice collection and provides food for thought in fornulati~g hypotheses and theories relating to administration, prganisation and management pertaining ·to India and other developing countries. For the ease of the reader, besides chapter bibliography, a select bib~iography spanning over 25 pages is provided. It is hoped that it wil 1 generate some research. and fresh thinking· among teachers a!'ld studen_ts of social sciences~ On. page 831 in second para, the date of·seizure of· power by_ Napoleon Bonaparte is shown ·as· second December, 1951. It. is hoped that this will be rectified iri ~e next· edi.t~on. The editor and contributors deserve conpliments for their endeavour. The.conunissioning of an index will enhance the value .of the book. The book is sure to receive a wide audie~ee.


In the presence of quantum noise a perfect EPR pair becomes imperfect and may be described by a non-maximally entangled pair. With non-maximally entangled state as a resource one cannot teleport an unknown state faithfully. Typically, one has to perform either local filtering or entanglement concentration and then follow the standard teleportation method. In this talk, we will present a new protocol that uses neither local filtering nor entanglement concentration to teleport an unknown state. We show that using non-maximally entangled measurements one can teleport an unknown state with unit fidelity but with a probability that is less than unit. Ours is a generalized quantum teleportation protocol that encompasses probabilistic as well as deterministic teleportation scenarios. We describe the probabilistic teleportation in terms of quantum operations and give explicit expressions for success and failure probabilities. This may have practical value in real experiments, and even may be tested with current technology.


For appropriately selected patients, high lateral tension (HLT) abdominoplasty offers better abdominal contour than the current trend to shorten abdominoplasty scars and combine abdominoplasty with liposuction, says Steven Teitelbaum, M.D., a Santa Monica, Calif., plastic surgeon. However, he adds, these advantages come with a price that includes wider scars and longer healing times.


Background G protein signaling pathways are key neuromodulatory mechanisms for behaviors and neurological functions that affect the impact of ethanol (EtOH) on locomotion, arousal, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we report a novel role for the Drosophila G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 (GPRK2) as a member of the GRK4/5/6 subfamily in modulating EtOH‐induced behaviors. Methods We studied the requirement of Drosophila Gprk2 for naïve sensitivity to EtOH sedation and ability of the fly to develop rapid tolerance after a single exposure to EtOH, using the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and fly group activity monitor (FlyGrAM) assays. Results Loss‐of‐function Gprk2 mutants demonstrate an increase in alcohol‐induced hyperactivity, reduced sensitivity to the sedative effects of EtOH, and diminished rapid tolerance after a single intoxicating exposure. The requirement for Gprk2 in EtOH sedation and rapid tolerance maps to ellipsoid body neurons within the Drosophila brain, suggesting that wild‐type Gprk2 is required for modulation of locomotion and alertness. However, even though Gprk2 loss of function leads to decreased and fragmented sleep, this change in the sleep state does not depend on Gprk2 expression in the ellipsoid body. Conclusion Our work on GPRK2 has established a role for this GRK4/5/6 subfamily member in EtOH sensitivity and rapid tolerance.


This study investigated the impact of in-service training and staff development on workers' job performance and optimal productivity in public secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. tc " However, the available researches in this area only focus on business organisation (Huseman 1985, ovos 1998). Studies in communication system as an effective management tool in tertiary institutions has not been given much attention. It is in realisation of this gulf that this study focuses on communication system as a correlate of management for organisation goal achievement in Olabisi Onabanjo University." The study used the ex-post-facto research design. Three research questions and three hypotheses were generated and tested using questionnaire items adapted from Raja et al (2014) but subjected to manipulation by the researchers which contained closed ended type of questionnaire based on the research questions and hypotheses and was structured on a four points Likert scale. The instrument was administered to a purposely selected population of 152 respondents while 134 questionnaires were returned. Data generated were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Regression Analysis to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings show that results showed that in-service training and staff development had insignificant combined effects but significant relative effects on workers' optimal job productivity. The study therefore recommended that schools should design proper and functioning in-service training and staff development programmes for their workers to boost their morale, enhance their performance and in addition ensure that workers training are conducted frequently to ensure they cope with changing technological environment and organizational climate in schools. Keywords : in-service training, staff development, productivity, optimal job performance, Osun State, Nigeria


Taking the successful implementation of construction of mooring pier in Caofeidian crude oil terminal engineering as an example,this paper presents the construction technology and procedure of semi-underwater pier in open sea.


This paper comparatively presents three notions related to the concept of creative fantasy. These three terms ("imagination", "imaginaire", "imaginal") have been developed by the French school of research on the imagination ("recherches sur l'imaginaire"), which is little known in the Anglo-Saxon academic field. As such, the terms don't even have convenient translations and linguistic equivalents. Briefly, imagination is fantasy conceived as a combinatory faculty of the psyche. French rationalistic "philosophes" saw it as a misleading and rather weakly creative ability. "L'imaginaire" is the resourceful and inventive aspect of fantasy, as conceived by the Romantics and then theorized by psychoanalysis and contemporary French philosophers. "L'imaginal", or "mundus imaginalis" is a concept defined by Henry Corbin in order to designate fantasies as self-sustained, ontological beings. In this paper I wish to comparatively present three notions related to the concept of creative fantasy: "imagination", "imaginaire" and "imaginal" or "mundus imaginalis". The first term is a venerable one, it has its roots in the Latin words "imago" and "imaginatio", and is well established in the English language. The last two terms, "imaginaire" and "imaginal" have been developed by the French school of research on imagination ("recherches sur L'imaginaire"), which is little known in the Anglo-Saxon academic field. As such, they don't even have convenient translations and linguistic equivalents in English. Possible translations for "L'imaginaire" could be imagining (suggesting that imagination is a dynamic process, as in Richard Kearney's Poetics of Imagining, 1998) and the imaginary (trying to transform an adjective into a noun, as in Wolfgang Iser's The Fictive and the Imaginary, 1993), but Corin Braga


Reducing the energy consumption of wireless communication systems with new technologies and solutions continues to be an important concern in developing future standards. In this paper, we study the routing strategies in multi-hop relaying networks. For a 2-way assignment routing method, an efficient feedback scheme is presented to minimize the power consumption over the whole system. Compared with the full channel information in traditional feedback scheme, only the backward accumulated feedback metrics are required. If the proposed routing calculation is used, there is no performance loss. When the number of the hops and the relays is large, the new scheme achieves a significant feedback overhead reduction. Moreover, we show a proof for the optimality of the presented routing strategy based on mathematical induction.


To the Editor. —I think that the letter written by Dr. Kaplan raises some very interesting points that should be further amplified. In the first place, all the patients who had temporal field defects had typical glaucomatous changes at the optic nerve head, including involvement of the nasal neuroretinal rim in many cases. In almost all of the patients, even in those with nerve head changes, a full neurovascular assessment, including ophthalmodynamometry and x-ray films of optic foramina and the skull, was carried out. The point raised by Dr. Kaplan should be reemphasized, namely that glaucomatous patients who have a temporal visual defect, even with changes at the optic nerve head, should have the possibility of a spaceoccupying lesion involving the chiasm ruled out.


The tandem-bladed impeller centrifugal compressor, which may offer potential aerodynamic benefits over conventional designs, is rarely employed in production gas turbine applications. Conventional impeller designs are often favored because of concerns for both significant performance losses and increased manufacturing costs associated with tandem configurations. In addition, much of the available literature concerning the characteristics of tandem-impellers is inconclusive, and at times contradictory. Because of the scarcity of tandem-impellers, rules for their design are nearly nonexistent. Also, the effects of inducer/exducer clocking upon tandem-impeller performance and exit flow characteristics are not fully understood. In the present study, a numerical investigation was performed to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a tandem-impeller design for the rear stage of a gas turbine compressor (target impeller PR t-t 3.0). A parametric study of tandem-impeller inducer/exducer clocking was performed in order to explore its effect upon performance and exit flow quality. Because the tandem impeller was designed to be retrofittable for an existing conventional impeller, it was also compared to predictions for the baseline conventional design. Results of the study indicated that the tandem-impeller was less efficient than the conventional design for all clocking configurations studied. Tandem-impeller blade clocking was found to have a significant effect upon predicted pressure ratio, temperature ratio, efficiency, and slip factor; the maximum values for these parameters were predicted for the in-line tandem configuration. The minimum predicted tandem-impeller isentropic efficiency occurred at a clocking fraction of 50 percent, falling 3.8 points below that of the in-line case. Although the tandem-impeller performance was predicted to diminish as blade clocking was increased, significant improvements in the uniformity of impeller exit velocity profiles were observed. Profiles of both total pressure and swirl at impeller exit indicated that the tandem-impeller design may offer both improved diffuser recovery and stalling margin over the conventional design.


Since little information is available on torpor in bats of the suborder Megachiroptera, we investigated whether the small (18 g) blossom-bat Syconycteris australis displays torpor in the laboratory. Bats entered daily torpor when food and water were withheld for one night and the air temperature (Ta) was below about 26°. Torpor began shortly after lights went on in the morning and lasted for a maximum of 12 hours. During torpor at Ta18°, metabolic rates fell to a minimum of about 15% of that in resting individuals at the same Ta, and to about 40% of the basal metabolic rate. The body temperature (Tb) during torpor was metabolically defended at or above about Tb 18°. Individuals that did not enter torpor in the morning reduced their Tb from about 34.5°, observed in resting individuals that had been fed during the previous night, to values between 30.2 and 32.8°, and the resting metabolic rate fell by about 25%. The ability to undergo short periods of torpor may explain why the distribution range of S. australis extends much further south than that of other small Australian megachiropteran bats.


Paleozoological data reveal past conditions created by anthropogenic and natural processes. These conditions can serve as benchmarks of ecological properties and processes desired by conservation biologists. Paleozoological data provide empirical evidence analogous to experimental results of anthropogenic and environmental causes. They can be used to determine whether a taxon is native or exotic to an area, distinguish invasive from recolonizing taxa, choose a management action likely to produce a desired result, test benchmarks based on historic data, reveal unanticipated effects of conservation efforts, and identify causes of ecological conditions. It is time to use paleoecological knowledge in the service of modern conservation biology.


In this paper a parameterized generalization of a good cover filtration is introduced called an {\epsilon}-good cover, defined as a cover filtration in which the reduced homology groups of the image of the inclusions between the intersections of the cover filtration at two scales {\epsilon} apart are trivial. Assuming that one has an {\epsilon}-good cover filtration of a finite simplicial filtration, we prove a tight bound on the bottleneck distance between the persistence diagrams of the nerve filtration and the simplicial filtration that is linear with respect to {\epsilon} and the homology dimension. This bound is the result of a computable chain map from the nerve filtration to the space filtration's chain complexes at a further scale. Quantitative guarantees for covers that are not good are useful for when one is working a non-convex metric space, or one has more simplicial covers that are not the result of triangulations of metric balls. The Persistent Nerve Lemma is also a corollary of our theorem as good covers are 0-good covers. Lastly, a technique is introduced that symmetrizes the asymmetric interleaving used to prove the bound by shifting the nerve filtration's persistence module, improving the interleaving constant by a factor of 2.


Now the Sino-Russia bilateral trade has made great development,but some problems limit its further development such as trade order,commodity composition,pattern of trade growth,trade and service system,etc.Meanwhile,some conditions are growing fa-vorite to Sino-Russia bilateral trade,thus we should optimize the composition of trade,change trade pattern,improve trade system,reg-ulations,and service system to keep sustainable trade development between two countries,and expand economic and trade cooperation.


This paper conducted a study on the comprehensive maintenance combined by time-based replacement and time-based detection. The sourse and policy of comprehensive maintenance were introduced in details. Based on availability and cost, comprehensive maintenance model were established respectively. For exponential distribution, optimized the modle, and finally through examples compared the advantages and disadvantages of the models.


Diabetes in pregnancy has been reported to cause congenital malformations in the offspring. Hyperglycemia‐induced teratogenecity is related to the increased oxidative stress and depletion of glutathione (GSH) in fetal tissues.


Using high definition (HD) and ultra‐high definition (UHD) of Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging, we characterized spectrally pulmonary metastases in a murine model of breast cancer comparing them with histopathological results (Hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining). This comparison showed excellent agreement between the methods in case of localization of metastases with size below 1 mm and revealed that label‐free HD and UHD IR spectral histopathology distinguish the type of neoplastic cells. We primary focused on differentiation between metastatic foci in the pleural cavity from cancer cells present in lung parenchyma and inflamed cells present in extracellular matrix of lungs due to growing of advanced metastases. In addition, a combination of unsupervised clustering and IR imaging indicated the high sensitivity of FTIR spectroscopy to identify chemical features of small macrometastases located under the pleural cavity and during epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. FTIR‐based spectral histopathology was proved to detect not only phases of breast cancer metastasis to lungs but also to differentiate various origins of metastases seeded from breast cancer.


Sustainable site selection for electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) is a significant process in the promotion of electric vehicle system development. The assessment and selection of suitable EVCS site is a very critical decision, involving complexity due to the presence of several associated criteria. Furthermore, uncertainty is an inevitable component of the information in the decision‐making procedure and its significance in the selection process is relatively high and needs to be cautiously measured. Single‐valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) is one of the valuable and flexible tools for handling such type of uncertain information arising in multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) applications. Thus, the objective of this study is to introduce novel single‐valued neutrosophic information‐based additive ratio assessment (ARAS) approach for evaluating and prioritizing the sustainable EVCS sites. In this method, novel single‐valued subjective and objective weighted integrated approach (SVN‐SOWIA) is developed to compute the criteria by aggregating the objective weights resulted from a similarity measure‐based procedure and the subjective weights given by the experts. For this purpose, an innovative similarity measure is proposed for SVNSs. To display the performance of the present methodology, a computational study of EVCS sites evaluation is conferred under single‐valued neutrosophic environment. Comparative and sensitivity analyses are further performed to verify the strength of the developed approach. The outcome illustrates EVCS site EvUrjaa—Electric Vehicle Charging Station is the most optimal EVCS site in Indore region, India. Also, the environmental (0.324) and social (0.273) criteria are more important than technological (0.236) and economical (0.167) criteria in assessing the EVCS sites. The sensitivity analysis outcomes signify the EVCS option EvUrjaa—Electric Vehicle Charging Station always acquires its highest ranking in spite of how sub‐criteria weights fluctuate. The outcome of this study indicates that the developed approach can suggest more realistic performance under uncertain environment and therefore, provides a wide range of applications.