The three-dimensional, compressible, viscous flow field around a general propeller geometry with the inflow at zero angles of incidence and yaw is computed using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations solver. Results from validation test cases in which the laminar and turbulent incompressible flow over a flat plate are calculated demonstrate the flow solver is capable of accurately capturing boundarylayer behaviour. Euler solutions from flow field calculations around two very different propeller geometries show a high level of accuracy and efficiency. Preliminary results from a viscous flow field calculation around a two-bladed propeller are very encouraging. INTRODUCTION The possible fuel savings that can be achieved by an advanced propeller over an equivalent technology turbofan engine operating at competitive speeds and altitudes have been well documented. To-date, however, potential cabin noise problems, the reduction of aviation fuel costs, and the perceived prejudice of the general public towards propeller driven aircraft, have hindered the introduction of advanced propellers on large commercial aircraft. Meanwhile, propellers with advanced-propeller characteristics have been introduced on regional and general aviation aircraft that were traditionally propeller driven. Currently, interest still remains in the advanced propeller concept both for commercial and military use, as fuel efficiency is of crucial importance in the development of propulsion systems In order to further improve the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the advanced propeller, it is necessary to fully understand the complex flow patterns occurring on the blade and hub surfaces and in the general surrounding flow field. To this end, a flow solver has recently been developed to predict the three-dimensional, compressible, viscous flow field around general propeller configurations with the inflow along the main axis of the propeller. *Lecturer, Member AIAA Copyright © 2003 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. The solver, named NAVPROP, solves the ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes equations formulated in a steadily-rotating, blade-attached, non-inertial reference frame. With this formulation the flow can then be treated as steady relative to the propeller. To solve the governing equations, a cell-centre finitevolume scheme is employed. Explicit, multistage, Runge-Kutta time stepping marches the solution towards a steady-state, while local time-stepping, implicit residual averaging, and multigrid are employed to increase the rate of convergence. The computational domain is discretised into a contiguous set of hexahedral cells as part of a C-H grid system. The development of NAVPROP has been the focus of this work and is described in detail. Results are presented from five test cases completed. FLOW SOLVER Governing Equations The governing equations of viscous flow, i.e., the Navier-Stokes equations, are initially formulated using the flow model of a fixed finite control volume in a non-inertial reference frame that is attached to the rotating propeller. A right-handed Cartesian coordinate system is employed and it is assumed that the propeller rotates with constant angular velocity ω around the x axis. The equations thus obtained are then re-written in partial differential equation form, non-dimensionalised using a standard nondimensionalisation procedure, and finally transformed to a body-fitted curvilinear coordinate system. Letting ρ, u, v, w, p, and E denote density, the x, y, and z components of the absolute velocity vector, static pressure and total energy per unit volume respectively, the final form of the governing equations in vector form is as follows 1 ( ) v v v F G H J Q F G H I t ξ η ζ ξ η ζ − ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ + + + = + + + ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ (1) where the vectors are u Q v w E ρ ρ ρ ρ         =         American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1


In article on the basis of socio-philosophical analysis revealed contradictory impact of globalization on human rights: on one hand, shows possible benefits, that a person receives from these processes; on other hand negative aspects, even questioning basic human right right to his life.


When we define a game we implicitly assume that the structure (i.e. the set of players, their strategy sets and the fact that they try to maximize the expected value of the von-Neumann and Morgenstern utility functions) described by the game is common knowledge. The exact implications of this implicit assumption is captured by rationalizability. In this lecture, I will formally demonstrate this fact. I will further extend rationalizability to incomplete information games. Of course, every incomplete-information game can be represented as a complete information game, and the rationalizability is already defined for the latter game. That solution concept is called ex-ante rationalizability. It turns out that that notion is more restrictive and imposes some stronger assumptions than what is intended in incomplete information game. To capture the exact implications of the assumptions in the incomplete-information game, I will introduce another solution concept, called interim correlated rationalizability, which is related to the rationalizability applied to the interim representation of the game, in which types are considered as players. Along the way, I will introduce a formulation of the Bayesian games that will be used in the remainder of the course.


The aim of Using Evidence in Health and Social Care is to encourage healthcare practitioners to ask 2 questions: what counts as evidence, and is this research true for me, in my setting? The book's self declared target audience is practitioners in health and social care "who want to read research and apply it in practice and not for people who want to do research themselves."

This book, like any overview of a large subject, is likely to please some of the people some of the time and leave everyone just a little dissatisfied. Although it claims to be aimed at the broadly defined "practitioner," it seems better suited to students of the health oriented social sciences and …


Abstract The development of high-speed railways has become an important factor influencing regional pattern changes in China. In this study, an accessibility evaluation model was constructed in combination with regional scale and regional center city to research the effect of high-speed rails on accessibility in the South Jiangsu, an urban agglomeration in China. Based on accessibility index, urban economic and social statistics data were used in conjunction with a gravity model to analyze the characteristics and evolvement of economic relations in this area. The result shows that high-speed rails improve overall regional accessibility, significantly benefit regions along rail lines, and makes middle- and long-distance journeys more convenient for the general public. High-speed rails play a particularly dominant role in the evolution of economic linkage and effectively strengthen the ties between cities. When the bonds between cities along rail lines greatly improve, a basic framework of economic relations is formed. Finally this paper discusses the imbalance arising from the effect of high-speed rails, proposing such suggestions as improving urban traffic and building expressways that connect high-speed rail stations in marginal areas to improve accessibility.


Abstract The study is dedicated to researching the storm surge Axel, the largest on the South Baltic coast in the 20th and 21st centuries. This unique event resulted in a very large erosion along the whole Polish Baltic Sea coast in January 2017 (max. HSL = 1.65 m, the average for the coast 1.36 m). Storm surge effects on the coast were followed based on field observations of dune retreat and analysis of hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters of the surge and its passage through the Baltic Sea. The material of dune erosion was collected based on cross-shore profiling of almost every 1 km, along the whole Polish sand barrier coast, before and after this storm. The work also studies the parameters of smaller storm surges from the end of 2016, which caused the lowering of beaches and dune erosion. A relationship was observed between erosion, and beach height and sea level (SL). The higher the beach, the lower the erosion that occurred. The average dune toe retreat was 5.1 m, and the largest exceeded 9–19 m (max. 42 m). The most important for dune erosion was the height of run-up, beach height and shore exposition for a surge. The largest dune erosion was observed during the heaviest SL with wave run-up higher than 3.8 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Each coast section was eroded, which also caused losses in infrastructure.


Abstract: This chapter describes the major features of current smart, self-cleaning photocatalytic materials. These materials include semiconductor materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). This chapter focuses on TiO2-based materials because they are most widely studied. Characteristics such as low toxicity, high chemical stability, availability and low cost make TiO2 the ideal candidate for industrial applications.


More than 80 years ago Kolmogorov asked the following question. Let $E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{2}$ be a measurable set with $\lambda^{2}(E) 0$ a contraction $f\colon E\to \mathbb{R}^{2}$ such that $\lambda^{2}(f(E))\geq \lambda^{2}(E)-\varepsilon$ and $f(E)$ is a polygon? We answer this question in the negative by constructing a bounded, simply connected open counterexample. Our construction can easily be modified to yield the analogous result in higher dimensions.


Let M be a compact manifold with a metric g and with a fixed spin structure χ. Let λ + 1 (g) be the first non-negative eigenvalue of the Dirac operator on (M, g, χ). We set τ (M, χ) := sup inf λ + 1 (g) where the infimum runs over all metrics g of volume 1 in a conformal class [g 0 ] on M and where the supremum runs over all conformal classes [g 0 ] on M. Let (M # , χ #) be obtained from (M, χ) by 0-dimensional surgery. We prove that τ (M # , χ #) ≥ τ (M, χ). As a corollary we can calculate τ (M, χ) for any Riemann surface M .


The invention discloses a browser treating the page textbox. The browser treating the page textbox comprises at least one document object model (DOM) object treating module of a textbox element, a conversion module, a custom made treating module and a display module. The DOM object treating modules are set on the sides of the browser, wherein each DOM object treating module is configured to store a custom made treatment of the textbox element; the conversion module is configured to load and acquire a page on the sides of the browser, analyzes a textbox element of the acquired page, and converts the textbox element to a DOM object; the custom made treating module is configured to invoke the at least one set DOM object treating module of the textbox element and treats at least one textbox element of a converted DOM object in a custom made mode; the display module is configured to display a custom made treatment result on the textbox element of the acquired page. Due to the browser treating the page textbox, display and treatment methods of the textbox element are improved, and interactive performances are added. A corresponding method treating the page textbox is further disclosed.


Most machine tools rely on precision ball screw drives to accurately position the workpiece relative to the tool. The quality of the machining outcome depends significantly on the tracking performance of the workpiece position over a desired trajectory. This paper addresses the minimization of the tracking error in a ball screw drive system in the presence of dynamic variations. Three sources of dynamic variations are considered: mechanical flexibility, runout of the ball screw shaft, and workpiece mass change during operations. Dynamic variations due to flexibility and runout are related to the workpiece position which is continuously measurable, while the variation caused by the workpiece mass change is uncertain. The ball screw drive system affected by dynamic variations is expressed as an uncertain linear model with time-varying parameters. Based on this model, servo controllers are designed such that their parameters are adjusted in real time by the measurable workpiece position to improve the tracking performance and that their performance is maintained robustly over uncertain mass variation. The importance of taking into account flexibility and runout of the shaft, as well as mass variation, explicitly in controller design is demonstrated through a ball screw drive experimental setup.


The invention relates to a spherical large particle aluminum nitride powder preparation method, and belongs to the field of powder metallurgy. The spherical large particle aluminum nitride powder preparation method is characterized in that aluminum nitride powder, a binder, a sintering aid and a dispersing agent are mixed in an organic solvent to prepare a slurry, spray granulation is performed to obtain spherical aluminum nitride aggregate adopted as the granulating material, and then high temperature calcination and ball milling dispersion are performed to prepare the spherical aluminum nitride powder, wherein the sphericity of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder is 0.65-0.9, the particle size is 5-80 [mu]m, the apparent density is 0.85-1.1 g/cm , and the tap density is 1.0-1.25 g/cm . According to the present invention, the aluminum nitride powder prepared through the method has characteristics of high sphericity, uniform particle size and good fluidity, the preparation process is simple, the production cost is low, and the prepared powder can be used for thermally conductive plastic fillers.


Based on the properties of combination filter of Morlet wavelet, a method of discriminating radar targets is presented in this paper. The method is designing combination filter,convoluting the signal and filter, computing FFT, and then obtaining frequence detection. The methos is more simple, easier and has higher resolution than FFT.


ABSTRACT The following is a description of a photomultiplier shutter designed to sense the amount of light impinging on a photomultiplier, to protect it from excessive light levels, and to extend its dynamic range by 106 by introducing specific values of optical attenuation.


This research is a qualitative study of twenty five teachers who have taken time away from the classroom to work on short term contracts in a University College of Education preservice teacher education programme. The study considers their perceptions of the ways in which this experience has enhanced their professional development in terms of greater understanding, expertise and career prospects and how it has changed their own teaching practices when they returned to a school or centre It explores whether this experience has enhanced their professional roles within the school setting, particularly in having input into new initiatives and policies. The study also examines ways in which their increased knowledge of the academic requirements of the University together with their increased understanding of the role of both the school/centre and the college in the preservice teacher education programme is perceived as enabling them to better support students during the practicum. In the case of those who returned to senior positions within a school or centre their ability to be resource persons for other Associate/Tutor teachers within the school is also examined.


This paper elaborates the power of inclusive interaction in resolving the social conflicts triggered by religious beliefs that is studied based on a case of Ahmadiyya marginalization in Indonesia during 2000 – 2012. In many pressures from both state and many nationalism communities, JAI has a sufficient empowerment through its counter responses against MUI and through its continuously sustainable existence. The research method used is in-depth data analysis mechanism, involving key informants from members of Indonesian Ahmadiyya Community (JAI), activist board of Nahdhotul Ulama (NU), and Muhammadiyah Mubaligh activists in Bandung city and numerous responses from mainstream Islamic organizations. The power of inclusive interaction is actualized by Indonesian Ahmadiyya Community (JAI) and subsequently responded by an accommodative attempt from activists of both Muhammadiyah Mubaligh and Nahdhotul Ulama in Bandung city. Pertaining to the difference of thought or ideology, the construction of inclusive interaction possesses certain power in resolving horizontal conflicts through interaction catalyst that reinforces the value of ukhuwah insaniyah (humanism), without any hatred but mutual trust, and open space for interaction among institutions from any religious streams. Disagreement shall be resolved through dialogs ( tabayyun ), and shall not be perceived as a part of conflict because disagreement is considered as a part of necessity ( sunnatullah ). Differences of belief shall be resolved through tolerance, mutual respect, and shall not be perceived as a part of hostility. Copyright (c) 2017 by KARSA. All right reserved  DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v25i2.1414


Remote transmission of ground station signals of satellite communication,whether in coaxial line or in fiber,usually adopts E series standards.The digital interface conversion based on G.704 implements conversion between base band synchronization serial digital signal and E1 signal.The hardware scheme and the software design of the digital interface conversion are briefly introduced.The paper particularly describes the issues of serial interface rate adaptation,slot selection for E1 frame and generation of receiving and transmitting clock as well as the issues of first-in first-out memory.Lastly the paper analyzes the performance test result.


Rubber sealing components are significant proportion in evaluation of the storage length for production using it. It is necessary to determine and prolong the storage life of production that evaluated the storage length of rubber sealing components accurately. Based on artificial accelerated thermal ageing tests at five levels of temperature, conclude that the storage length of silicon rubber 3S-60 sealing components would be 11.6 years at 25°C and the confidence level of 95%. Validated this conclusion with nature weathering tests results at Jiangjin exposure field in two years, artificial accelerated thermal ageing tests presented here were available. It was illuminated that the storage length evaluation of rubber sealing components should be testified by nature weathering tests results effectually.


Molecular imaging is hugely expensive, risky, difficult to understand, heavily regulated, without immediate clinical benefit, and not reimbursed. These factors are halting progress in the field. The solutions for radiology are to collaborate, cooperate, co-own, and cotrain.


ABSTRACT This study compared the effects of televised and programmed instruction on the achievement of students from secondary schools located in rural and urban areas in Kwara State of Nigeria. A total of 300 fourth form students taking geography in their West African School Certificate Examinations were used for the urban location study, while another set of 300 students studying the same subject in the fourth form were used for the rural location study. For each location, the students were divided into three ability groups, based on average scores of their continuous assessment records in geography. The research was of the pre‐test‐post‐test control group design (Campbell & Stanley, 1966). Results for the urban location group showed that students who studied through televised instruction performed better than those who studied with programmed instruction. For the rural location group results showed that televised instruction was more effective for high achievers while programmed instruction was more ef...


Take Quicksilver, Marchasite of Silver, each Three Ounces, Tin and Lead, each half an Ounce; these two first throw on the Marchasite, and last of all the Quicksilver.


This quiz explores rock's early days in the 1960s - the British invasion, folk rock, Dylan, Hendrix, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Woodstock - in multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank and other questions ranging from the simple to the arcane.


The scaled commercial positioning of the 5th generation wireless network has forced organizations and researchers to consider launching the upcoming generation of mobile network systems. In that regard, this paper proposes to critically evaluate the 6th generation wireless communication, potential problems and novel technologies in the future. The article begins with the evaluation of the future of the 6th generation and its vision with respect to the preferences of users. To fulfill the research objective, it is vital to analyze the technical necessities and the key challenges that ensures that the 6G mission is achieved, which involves the ultimate throughput, connectivity, self-aggregating network fabrics, new theories, non-technical issues and greater energy effectiveness. The evaluation of the future mobile communication involves novel technologies such as new spectrum, visible light network and terahertz wireless network. Additional technologies featured include the sparse theories, new channeled code, extensive antenna, flexible spectrum utility and the artificial intelligence-based wireless networking tactile. Through the exploration of the 6th generation vision, the challenges and requirements, it is possible to outline the general model of the 6G, which possibly provides a guide to enhance research on the 6th generation network.


Through analyzing and discussing the statistical papers,some problems were found in using ANOVA and TEST,and some ways were given to solute these problems.


Observational studies suggest an association between the use of acetaminophen and both the development of asthma and the worsening of control in


Human noroviruses (HuNoVs), the most common cause of infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis and the cause of numerous foodborne and hospital outbreaks, are easily transmitted from person-to-person. HuNoVs may persist on surfaces for long periods of time and may be transferred via hands, foods, fomites and air. In this review, studies on methods for detecting HuNoVs on environmental surfaces, such as swabbing, are presented. The review also focuses on recent studies on the efficiency of disinfectants for inactivating HuNoV or its surrogates, such as murine norovirus, on environmental surfaces and hands. Although HuNoV is probably more resistant than MuNoV, this study data adds to the understanding of HuNoV transmission routes and selection of tools for the prevention of HuNoV gastroenteritis outbreaks.


This article deals with the growing importance of festivals in the Moroccan urban context, with specific focus on the 'Fez Festival of World Sacred Music.' Before examining the Moroccan festival, however, it is useful to review the three dominant perspectives on urban festivals in the social sciences. One perspective sees festivals as instrumental for economic growth and development; a second perspective views festivals as useful for upholding dominant cultural and political values; and a third perspective views them as important for the development of culture. After briefly surveying these perspectives, I utilize the definition of Alessandro Falassi for understanding festivals in Morocco. According to Falassi, most of the time, the term festival 'covers a constellation of very different events, sacred and profane, private and public, sanctioning tradition and introducing innovation, proposing nostalgic revivals, providing the expressive means for the survival of most archaic folk customs, and celebrating the highly speculative and experimental avant-gardes of the elite fine arts.' This definition helps to put into perspective the phenomenon of the proliferation of festivals in the Moroccan context, in particular the construction of the Fez Festival of World Sacred Music, and it lets us see the ways in which the festival as an event is located on a continuum with normal time and constitutes a sanction of the prevalent power structures in the post-1990s urban political context of Fez. Finally, I provide an approach to the Fez Festival that constructs it as a text that reflexively depicts, interprets and informs its social context and reproduces the dominant power political structures in Morocco.


Worldwide, millions of pregnant women are identified as being at high risk for obstetrical complications yearly. Mental health is fundamental to health and pregnancy and the puerperium is at times sufficiently stressful to provoke exacerbation, recurrence or new onset of mental illness thereby leading to complications. Hence maternal perinatal health has enormous consequences for the wellbeing of the mother, her baby and the family.4 Because perinatal anxiety and depression could lead to serious consequences including poor obstetric and neonatal outcome, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that women be screened during pregnancy. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists equally recommends ABSTRACT


The development of the quantum paradigm in the first quarter of this century led physics to abandon causality. Until then physicists had believed that their rationality, a heritage of ancient Greek times, enabled them to understand Reality. They had believed that the models they had painfully created were mere approximations of a deeper Reality independent of them. They had believed that, with the progress of science, these models would progressively become better and better. Finally, in a more advanced stage they would be very near to Reality. After the general acceptance of Bohr's paradigm, the way of thinking that in the past had led to so many good results, was completely rejected. With the introduction of the new paradigm, physicists, following Bohr, would have reached the limit of their ability to understand Nature. Therefore causality had to be abandoned because it no longer fitted with the microphysical experimental and theoretical evidence. Heisenberg-Bohr indetermination relations would be the limiting boundaries to our cognition capacity.


The article describes the algorithm and computer program of calculation of design and operating parameters of infrared radiation installations for drying polymer coatings. Comparative design and experimental data of parameters of infrared heating of housing parts are given. Housing parts are the basic parts that determine the life of the units and the car as a whole.


The Ramayana is the holiest epic of Hindus. It was written by seer Valmiki. The story of The Ramayana is of two men, Lord Rama and Ravana, the king of Lanka. One is the apostle of good and the other of bad. Lord Rama is considered the greatest ideal human in Hindu mythology and the other, Ravana is known for his villainous attitude in the history of mankind. The characters in The Ramayana fulfil both sides of the coin whether the good or bad characters. The virtuous characters show the path of righteousness and the evil characters lead life to the doom. The character of Rama shows us the duty of Dharma and his wife Sita is the symbol of ideal woman in Hindu mythology. The Ramayana is not merely an epic of Hindu religion, but it is the symbol of the entire world which teaches us how to live a pious life amidst the adverse circumstances.


Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most serious diseases which is mostly found in Asia, especially in South China. Early detection and diagnosis is crucial to effective treatment and can greatly improve survival rate. Recent developments in tissue spectroscopy may significantly expand our ability to diagnose this tumor rapidly and accurately. In this work, Raman spectra of nasopharyngeal tissue in vitro were acquired and analyzed with principal component analysis. Consistent spectral differences appear to exist between normal and cancerous tissue, mainly in five bands located at 853cm-1, 937cm-1, 1094cm-1, 1260-1340cm-1, 1530-1580 cm-1, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using PCA which can easily divide the samples to two groups with a high sensitivity and specificity. The results presented here demonstrate Raman spectroscopy has the potential ability to detect and diagnose cancerous tissue nondestructively and rapidly which may be a very helpful diagnosis tool in the future.


The Silathioformohydroxamic acid conformers were studied in the gas phase by a high level density functional theory. The global isomeric structure was S2 at the CBS-Q levels of theory. The stability order for the conformers were 1E>1Z>4Z>2Z>2E>3Z>S1. Thirteen anions and seven cations of various conformers have been studied. The protonation and deprotonation reactions in the gas phase are investigated at the CBS-Q level. The 2EOA showed the highest relative enthalpy and Gibbs free energy (ΔH= 249.57 kJ/mol, ΔG=240.62 kJ/mol) in the anions section and the 4ZOC showed the highest relative enthalpy and Gibbs free energy (ΔH= 285.12 kJ/mol, ΔG=234.13 kJ/mol) in the cations section. Energetically easiest process is the deprotonation of 2ZNA with the computed enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of 1274.52 kJ/mol and 1282.49 kJ/mol. The equilibrium constants at 298.15 K of the deprotonation reactions are very small which means the reaction at this temperature favor the reactants.


The invention discloses an automatic lock structure with safety guarantee and a display screen comprising the automatic lock structure. The automatic lock structure with the safety guarantee comprises a fixed seat tube; an insertion hole part is formed in the front end of the fixed seat tube; the fixed seat tube is also connected with a fixed cap; a plurality of steel ball holes are formed circumferentially in the round wall of the insertion hole part; a steel ball capable of moving in the radial direction is arranged in each steel ball hole; the automatic lock structure with the safety guarantee also comprises an outer sleeve covering the periphery of the fixed seat tube and elastically abutting on the fixed cap; a return groove is formed in the front end of the outer sleeve; the periphery of the fixed cap is provided with a lug boss extending forwards; a locking groove and an opening groove are formed in the rear end of the outer sleeve; when the outer sleeve is rotated until the opening groove corresponds to the lug boss, a lock bar is inserted into the insertion hole part from the fixed seat tube; when a circumferential lock groove corresponds to the positions of the steel ball holes, the steel balls are placed in the circumferential lock groove, and the outer sleeve is rotated until the locking groove corresponds to the lug boss. According to the automatic lock structure disclosed by the invention, after the fixed seat tube and the lock bar are fixedly connected by the steel balls, the outer sleeve is rotated until the locking groove corresponds to the lug boss, and therefore rapid and reliable locking connection after the fixed seat tube and the lock bar are connected is realized.


Introduction: Continuous analysis of key epidemiologic data is irremissible to adapt health-care systems to trends in stroke epidemiology. We present data from 2015 to 2019 on quality indicators of stroke care, including rates on hospitalization, stroke unit care and recurrence rates using medical record-linkage of in-patient routine documentation. Patients and methods: We included stroke/TIA patients admitted to Austrian hospitals between 2015 and 2019 aged ⩾20 years using medical record-linkage. Results: In our cohort of 102,107 patients with 107,055 treatment episodes, we could show a significant decrease in 1-year cumulative age-adjusted hospitalization rates per 100,000 in TIA (86.3 [95% CI 84.1–88.5] vs 75.4 [95% CI 73.4–77.4], RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.85–0.90]), ischemic stroke (187.3 [95% CI 184.0–190.5] vs 173.4 [95% CI 170.4–176.5], RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.91–0.94]), and intracerebral hemorrhage (28.5 [95% CI 27.3–29.8] vs 22.8 [95% CI 21.7–23.9], RR 0.80 [95% CI 0.76–0.84]). In ischemic stroke the rate of stroke unit care increased significantly (55.7% vs 69.3%; RR 1.14 [95% CI 1.12–1.17]), and acute 1-year recurrences decreased significantly. Discussion: We found a decline of the annual age-adjusted cumulative hospitalization rates in stroke/TIA, a higher age of disease manifestation and less severe strokes, which is probably attributable to improved primary and secondary prevention in Austria. The proportion of patients treated at stroke units increased significantly, however a geographical and age-dependency is still evident. Conclusion: Age-adjusted hospitalization rates of stroke/TIA patients decreased, and stroke unit care is increasing but the goal of the Stroke Action Plan for Europe is yet to be reached. Graphical abstract


Previous studies have shown that 17,19,21-tri-N-methyl-Aβ16-22 peptide (Aβ16-22m), and a peptide analogue containing α,α-disubsituted amino acids (ααAA) in the hydrophobic core domain of Aβ, termed AMY-1, effectively inhibited full-length Aβ aggregation in vitro. To investigate the amyloid-modifying effects of these agents in vivo, we injected these compounds into the hippocampus of 13-month-old amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice, a model of amyloid deposition. After 7 days, brain tissues were stained for immunohistochemistry to detect total Aβ and thioflavine-S (THIO-S) to measure Aβ compact plaques. Both diffuse Aβ deposits and compact amyloid plaques were significantly increased when injecting 0.3 nmol Aβ16-22m compared to the PBS vehicle. The amyloid aggregation-modifying peptide AMY-1 showed a slight reduction of Aβ deposition in the injection area at a dose of 0.3 nmol, but neuronal toxicity, measured by Fluoro-Jade and Nissl stains, appeared when higher doses (3 nmol) were tested. Our data indicate that, unlike observations reported in vitro, the Aβ16-22m increased deposition of Aβ in the brain of APP transgenic mice in vivo. Possible explanations for this outcome include unique influences of the brain environment and/or modification of Aβ production or clearance by the administered agent. The AMY-1 peptide showed a trend for reducing Aβ deposits, but led to toxicity at higher doses. These data emphasize the need for evaluating potential Aβ aggregation inhibitors with in vivo models of amyloid deposition before assuming they will have benefit in treating Alzheimer's disease patients.


Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, Cell and Developmental Biology Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel


494. Or is it unspecified? The sensitive girl would not use "widow" of herself, but she does allude to it in a bit of Sophoclean word play. In addition to fearing a painful report, Tecmessa is pained at the possibility of being sent away subject (XELptav) to another man. The first use of this adjective for the older v7roXEtPLOs comes in a context in which, one suspects, homophony with xp4pav has suggested the clipped form to Sophocles. It is not so odd, therefore, that this clipped form of the adjective is used thereafter only in the feminine.4 Sophocles made the word noteworthy by its judicious use in Tecmessa's sensitive speech; Euripides, adopting the word, remained true to its original context by using it only of the subjugation of women.


This article examines the influence of Paulo Freire's philosophy of adult education on adult literacy in New Zealand. Freire's philosophy is based on the construction of knowledge, power relations and liberatory education and it is suggested that his greatest contribution has been the provision of a comprehensive model with which those involved in adult literacy can describe, analyse and debate their work. However, participation in this debate and evidence of Freire's philosophy in practice have been minimal in the New Zealand context. The author argues that in New Zealand the conservative nature of adult literacy, a low level of awareness of Freire's work, and structural barriers to the implementation of Freirean programs, have lessened Freire's influence.


This report documents the talks and discussions of Dagstuhl Seminar 12363
"Software Defined Networking". The presented talks represent a spectrum of
industrial and academic work as well as both technical and organizational
developments surrounding Software Defined Networking (SDN). The topic of SDN
has garnered significant attention over the past few years in the networking
community and beyond, and indeed the term "Software Defined Networking"
itself carries different meaning among different circles. A key focus of the
talks and discussions presented here is to capture the essence of SDN through
concrete network applications, operational experience reports, and open
research problems.


A RECENT SUMMARY of the evidence on errors in communication and information transfer between hospitals and primary care physicians found that quality of care was affected in up to 25 percent of cases.1 The authors of the feature articles suggest that quality problems during transfers could be reduced with interventions such as computer-generated summaries and standardized formats, because these would facilitate more timely transfer of pertinent patient information to primary care physicians and make discharge summaries more consistently available during follow-up care. But this is only a small piece of the transitional care puzzle. HOSPITAL DISCHARGE The article by Chugh and colleagues focuses on comprehension of discharge information among individuals with limited health literacy and impaired cognitive function. The authors walk the reader through the important questions regarding these vulnerable populations, while providing evidence along the way. Medication-related problems are a common theme throughout the discussion. A recently published study sheds further light on the relationship between cognitive function and the ability to manage medications. Dr. Anderson and colleagues conducted a pilot study of cognitive screens to predict a patient's accuracy in filling a pillbox, a surrogate for understanding how to take medications.2 As noted by Chugh et al., the Mini-Cog and the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) are among the preferred tools to screen for impaired cognitive function. Dr. Andersoris study incorporated two additional components specifically addressing medication management concerns with cognitive impairment: 1. the medication transfer screen (MTS), a skills screen developed specifically for the study, which assessed an individual's ability to accurately fill a pillbox, and 2. the Medi-Cog, a combination of the MTS and the Mini-Cog. In a predominately elderly Veterans Affairs Medical Center population, they found that the MMSE was a poor predictor of the ability to fill a pillbox. On the other hand, the Mini-Cog and MTS correlated well and detected quite accurately who might not be able to manage their medications at home. This study represents just one example of the continuing efforts to address this issue. Another underutilized service to help address health literacy, cognitive impairment, and medication management concerns is medication therapy management (MTM) services. As a component of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 and Medicare Part D, Medicare beneficiaries are eligible to receive a comprehensive medication review (that is, MTM services). The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) defines eligible beneficiaries as those enrolled in an approved Part D plan who have multiple chronic diseases and are taking multiple Part D drugs that are likely to have costs exceeding $4,000 per year.3 Recent evidence estimates that about one in ten Medicare beneficiaries, about 3.3 million people, meet the drug expenditure threshold for MTM services.4 Unfortunately, MTM is controlled by the prescription drug plans, making access highly variable. The combined poor participation in the MTM programs and the lack of published MTM service outcomes is likely hampering more widespread use of the benefit.5 Healthcare executives and providers can push for more access to this service. The article by Chugh and colleagues includes a discussion on interventions for low health literacy. An area where we as healthcare providers often fall short in communicating with our patients, particularly those with low health literacy, is in the area of risk. Poor understanding of the risks and benefits of treatment increases the likelihood patients will not participate fully in their care.* Appropriate, literacycentric risk communication can be something we all strive to incorporate into our practices. READMISSIONS The article by Bisognano and Boutwell focuses on the issue of hospital readmission. …


The siting of major facilities associated with development of the Red Dog Mine Complex in Northwestern Alaska on relatively warm permafrost soil and rock presented geotechnical engineers with some challenging problems. This paper summarizes the geotechnical investigation carried out in the summer of 1984 to obtain information pertinent to siting and design of a tailings dam, a water supply dam, a mill facility, and an area for dumping waste overburden fill. The investigation was carried out using helicopter-transported drill rigs, refrigerated coring technique, mechanical and pneumatic packers, thermistors and heavy-walled drive samplers.


A line-by-line calculation of the continuum absorption coefficient with the wing line contour describing the absorption in different windows outside of the water vapor bands in the 4000–8000 cm-1 spectral region is presented. The continuum absorption calculated with the line wing contour characterizing the absorption in the 5800–6400 cm-1 window is shown to be close to the total absorption. Hence it follows that the absorption in the 5000–5500 cm-1 and 6900–7700 cm-1 bands is almost entirely due to metastable dimers and free complexes.


Mycobacterium leprae is a bacteria that causes the disease Leprosy (Hansen's disease), which is a neglected tropical disease. More than 200000 cases are being reported per year world wide. This disease leads to a chronic stage known as Lepra reaction that majorly causes nerve damage of peripheral nervous system leading to loss of organs. The early detection of this Lepra reaction through the level of bio-markers can prevent this reaction occurring and the further disabilities. Motivated by this, we frame a mathematical model considering the pathogenesis of leprosy and the chemical pathways involved in Lepra reactions. The model incorporates the dynamics of the susceptible schwann cells, infected schwann cells and the bacterial load and the concentration levels of the bio markers $IFN-\gamma$, $TNF-\alpha$, $IL-10$, $IL-12$, $IL-15$ and $IL-17$. We consider a nine compartment optimal control problem considering the drugs used in Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) as controls. We validate the model using 2D - heat plots. We study the correlation between the bio-markers levels and drugs in MDT and propose an optimal drug regimen through these optimal control studies. We use the Newton's Gradient Method for the optimal control studies.


This paper presents for the first time a continuous analytic I–V model for long-channel undoped (lightly doped) ultra-thin-body silicon-on-insulator (UTB-SOI) MOSFETs from a carrier-based approach. It is based on the solution of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation and the current continuity equation of the Pao–Sah current formulation in terms of the mobile carrier concentration under an appropriate boundary approximation. The model is continuous and valid for all the operation regions (linear, saturation and sub-threshold) and traces the transitions between them. This preliminary model has been verified by comparison with long-channel results generated by a two-dimensional simulator. The predicted I–V characteristics also show a good agreement with two-dimensional numerical simulations for all ranges of gate and drain voltages, proving the validity of the analytical model. All these indicate that this model will be an ideal core model for UTB MOSFET modelling if the appropriate second-order effects such as the quantum-mechanical effect, doping-profile effect, short-channel effect and poly-depletion effect are integrated into it.


The invention discloses a preparation method of novel gristle sausage with Orleans flavor. According to the preparation method, the novel gristle sausage is prepared by taking pork and beef gristle as raw materials, and salt, white sugar, monosodium glutamate, phosphate, Orleans marinade, white pepper powder, sodium erythorbate, carrageenan, sodium nitrite, monascus red, soy protein isolate, cassava starch and the like as auxiliary materials through stranding, pickling, filling and cooking. Due to the unique production process, the novel gristle sausage with Orleans flavor produced by the preparation method has the characteristics of strong Orleans flavor, moderate salty taste and sweet taste, good texture elasticity, crispy taste, smoky color and the like.


J. B. Lyon Company, Publishers. 1908. Between 129-130. [2]Orlando Hubbs, sheriff of Craven County [3] and congressman, was born on a farm in Commack, N.Y., the son of Platt Ralph and Deborah Reeve Hubbs. His family had lived on Long Island for four generations, and he was the great-grandson of a Revolutionary War [4] veteran. Hubbs attended local public schools and Commack Academy. At age sixteen he left school to learn the trade of carriage and wagon building; later he worked as a ship carpenter in Brooklyn.


Quadriplegics with high levels of spinal cord injury have traditionally used only portable ventilators for respiratory support, allowing limited mobility. In recent years, the phrenic nerve stimulator has become a desirable alternative for select cases. This electronic device, which paces the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve, needs to be understood and has implications for nursing practice. What is the normal neuroanatomy and physiology related to respiration and the pathology of spinal cord injury? The spinal cord extends through the vertebral canal to the L1 vertebra. Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves exit the cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Figure 1 shows the spinal nerves originating in the cord and the point of exit from the vertebral column. The spinal nerves that innervate muscles for respiration are: C 1-3-acces-


Data in ITS Commom Informatiom Platform is classified,which includes static data,geographic data,dynamic data and his-torical data.Some data access modes are proposed,specially for real-time traffic flow data and spatial data.The method and technique of data management towards its include: data quality control,data aggregation,data compression and sampling store,data fusion.This method for data management、storage、access and utilization based on ITS Commom Informatiom Platform is practical and worth popu-larizing.


Introduction: Understanding the dynamics of labeled spins in arterial spin labeling (ASL) is crucial for absolute quantification and correct interpretation of ASL-maps. In particular, it is necessary to estimate the time it takes for label to flow into the microvasculature and exchange with the tissue magnetization. It has been shown previously, that differentiation of spin compartments can be achieved by measuring the transverse relaxation of the ASL-signal at different delay times of the readout [1]. In this study, this approach is adopted to study two important questions: 1) Is vascular crushing necessary to limit ASL-measurements to the perfusion-signal? 2) Does velocity selective ASL exhibit a shorter transport time, because it labels the spins within the imaging slice? Methods: Five normal volunteers (age 23-51 years) were scanned at a 3T scanner (Philips) using a 32ch head-coil. Four multi-echo scans with Look-Locker sampling strategy were made at a 3.4x3.4x7 mm resolution, flip angle 20, each lasting approx. 12 minutes: pseudo-CASL with and without vascular crushing (1650 ms labeling, delay times 100, 300, ..., 3300ms, saturation preceding labeling, TR = 5200 ms) and velocity selective labeling with and without crushing (vc = 1.5 cm/s, delay times 100, 300, ..., 2600 ms, TR = 5 s, saturation after last read-out). Five echoes were acquired (TEcrush = 14, 27, 40, 53, 66 ms; TEno crush = 6, 18, 30, 42, 54 ms). Crushing was performed with venc of 5 cm/s along all gradient axes at the same time (double oblique). Based on all 4 scans an average CBFweighted scan was generated for each subject, which was thresholded to obtain a gray matter mask. For each scan and delay time, the average ASL signal over the mask was fitted to a mono-exponential resulting in a T2-estimate and the ASL signal at TE=0ms. The same procedure was applied after subtracting the crushed from the non-crushed ASL-data, resulting in the vascular signal [2]. Results: Figure 1 shows the data from a single volunteer. It can be clearly seen that even at the longest echo and delay time, enough perfusion signal can be detected. Figure 2 shows the signal intensities and T2-values as a function of readout delay. Discussion and conclusions: Vascular crushing is effective in eliminating vascular signal, while leaving the perfusion signal unaffected. This is demonstrated by a large difference between crushed and non-crushed ASL-signal at short readout delays and no difference between crushed and non-crushed ASL signal for delay times larger than 1800 ms. The passage from the arterial component towards the tissue/microvascular component is easily appreciated in Fig. 2b for PCASL demonstrated by a decrease in T2 from 70 ms to 50 ms, as well as an intensity-drop of the vascular signal (Fig. 2d). Crushing has a similar effect in velocity selective ASL with crushed and non-crushed ASL signal becoming equal at a delay of approx. 1800 ms. Furthermore, the T2 of the label in VS-ASL is lower for the crushed data than for the non-crushed data Fig. 2c, but this difference is smaller than for PCASL. Finally, the T2 of the vascular signal is shorter in VS-ASL than in PCASL for short delay times. All these findings can be explained by labelling of venous blood that has a lower T2 than arterial blood and tissue. These results show, in agreement with earlier work of Wong et al, that vascular crushing for VS-ASL is not only important for arterial crushing, but also for elimination of venous signal [3]. Spin compartments were previously studied by multiple scans with each a different delay and different T2-weighting by a non-selective T2 preparation, whereas this study adopted the much faster option of multi echo, multi-delay time ASL in a single sequence. Although spin-echo imaging enables a direct link with literature values of e.g. arterial blood, we show in this work that also gradient echo imaging can be employed to observe the transition from the arterial towards the tissue compartment.


In the knowledge economy era, teachers' core competencies for knowledge management have an important impact on the development of school education. It is an important issue to explore how to evaluate core competencies of knowledge management for elementary schools' teachers. This requires a thorough investigation to gain core competencies. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to present a Matrix Analysis (MA) approach for evaluating core competencies of knowledge management and to describe the applications of the MA approach for elementary schools' teachers. An empirical analysis is performed to demonstrate the computational process of the MA approach adopted by this paper. Study results show that eleven core competencies are identified. They are 'finding problems,' 'flexibility,' 'interpersonal communication,' 'oral communication skills,' 'knowledge selection,' 'activities recording,' 'knowledge application on work planning,' 'research data application,' 'transforming knowledge into concrete actions,' 'interpreting results,' and 'judging knowledge value,' respectively. It is suggested that more attentions should be paid to exploit these core competencies effectively and then develop the solutions, which should continuously strengthen the perspective of teachers in order to obtain the competitive advantages in the future.


Pozzolanic materials are being used to make concrete durable although the mechanisms of their effects are not fully understood. This paper presents a combination of a microstructural and performance investigation with the objective of optimizing the utilisation of some of the more commonly used pozzolanic materials. In this study, fly ash and blast furnace slag (BFS) were used systematically in the increased percentages of 25, 50, and 70 per cent of total cementitious materials. Silica fume was mixed at the rate of 10 per cent forming various binary and ternary blends. Reinforced concrete slabs were cast and ponded for two years with 3 per cent NaCl solution simulating sea water salinity. Pore size distribution was utilized to evaluate the hydration mechanism in these blends. The results indicate that 25 per cent replacement of cement with fly ash and addition of 10 per cent silica fume is the optimum percentage in fly ash blends. The results indicate that higher volume ternary blends of 70 per cent BFS and 10 per cent silica fume can be beneficially utilized in chloride laden environment even though some reduction in compressive strength occurs. (a) For the covering record of this conference, please refer to ITRD abstract no E218284.


In this article, we first conceive the contact between languages from different configurations to, secondly, analyze the geopolitics of the Romance languages, represented by the three great linguistic groups, that is, the French-speaking, Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking groups. --- Original in French.


Currently, robots have been widely used in all walks of life, and mechanical arm of robots have always been the focus of research in the aspect of control. This paper first analyzes motions of mechanical arm, and then applied neutral network in the analysis of mechanical arms' motions, effectively solving the issue that mechanical arms have multiple variables with strong coupling. Finally, it conducts the optimal control over mechanical arms' motion through genetic algorithm. Simulation experiment shows that this method is effective and can improve effects of mechanical arms' motions.


Air quality data from city clusters in the fast developing Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China during 1996 - 2003 were analyzed, with a cross-border transport study using the Regional Acid Deposition Model System (RegADMS). Investigations show that the annual average concentrations of SO2, NO2, PM10 are 12 ~ 64 , 13 ~ 57, and 79 ~ 184 µg m 3 − , respectively. As the primary air pollutants in the target area, surface NO2 levels increased by 13% while PM10 levels decreased by 39% from 1996 to 2003. The surface SO2 concentration showed fluctuations during the study period, reaching a minimum in 1999 and rising again in 2003. Acid rain still remains an important atmospheric environmental issue. The frequency of acid rain was about 23.5 ~ 36.7%, and the pH value of precipitation ranged from 5.09 to 5.48, with little change in these years. Modeling studies indicated that sulfur deposition and nitrogen deposition were in the ranges 0.5 ~ 10 and 0.2 ~ 5 g m -2 yr -1 , respectively; these levels exceed the critical load in some regions. The trans-boundary transport of sulfur deposition and nitrogen deposition due to SO2 and NOx emission among city clusters (Shanghai and the other 8 cities in Jiangsu Province, including Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, and Taizhou) in the YRD region was significant. The emission from Shanghai contributes 5% ~ 29% of sulfur deposition and 3% ~ 30% of nitrogen deposition


The present invention relates to a device housing, in particular a splice box, having an insertion hole of a cable (3) arranged in crossing or cob, associated with at least one closure part (5 , 15) sealingly this orifice provided with tubular means sealingly fixing members receiving the cable known soi.Cette closure part (5, 15) is of shape complementary to that of the orifice and is provided with a seal overmolded sealing (6, 16) cooperating with a sealing surface of a housing part (1).


Autofocus module (200) for a microscope-based system (2), with a one to be inspected object (4) with parallel light illuminating auxiliary lighting, and a first detector (35) and a second detector (45) for determining the focal position, wherein relative (to a lens 14) of the microscope-based system (2) the object (4) is adjustable on a sample table in the Z direction, characterized in that • that the auxiliary lighting comprising a first light source (20) and a relative thereto alternately operated, second light source (21), one of which is a first optical path and the other defines a second beam path, • are that the first detector (35) and the second detector (45) is formed as CCD's and each of the first and the second optical path associated with • that each beam path via a to this belonging deflection element (27, 32) guides the light of the auxiliary illumination to the object (4), and that the object (4), light reflected by this optical path over which belongs to the other optical path deflecting element ...


"Review of: Corpus Troporum IX. Tropes for the Proper of the Mass 4. The Feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary"


The cationic complex [Ru(C(C≡CPh)═CHPh)(S2CNC4H8NH2)(CO)(PPh3)2]+ was prepared from the reaction of [Ru(C(C≡CPh)═CHPh)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2] (BTD = 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) with the zwitterionic dithiocarbamate H2NC4H8NCS2 and characterized structurally. In situ generation of the metalladithiocarbamate [Ru(C(C≡CPh)═CHPh)(S2CNC4H8NCS2)(CO)(PPh3)2] followed by treatment with [Ru(C(C≡CPh)═CHPh)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2] yielded the symmetrical bimetallic complex [{Ru(C(C≡CPh)═CHPh)(CO)(PPh3)2}2(S2CNC4H8NCS2)]. The same product was also accessible by reaction of KS2CNC4H8NCS2K with [Ru(C(C≡CPh)═CHPh)Cl(CO)(BTD)(PPh3)2]. This direct method also yielded the symmetrical bimetallic complexes [{Ru(CH═CHR)(CO)(PPh3)2}2(S2CNC4H8NCS2)] (R = But, CPh2OH, C6H4Me-4, CO2Me, CH2OSiMe2But) and a tetrametallic species when R = C5H4FeC5H5. The osmium analogues [{Os(CR1═CHR2)(CO)(PPh3)2}2(S2CNC4H8NCS2)] (R1 = C≡CPh, R2 = Ph; R1 = H, R2 = C6H4Me-4) were also prepared by this method. The stepwise deprotonation and functionalization of [Ru...


We report on the extension of the droplet model to account for static and dynamic light scattering studies of a ternary water-in-oil microemulsion close to its critical point. This model, which assumes that the critical microemulsion droplets are forming transient polydisperse fractal aggregates, reproduces well the usual features of critical phenomena and is also able to account, in a very natural way, for the dynamical background effects evidenced experimentaly


A method for producing amino acids of the microcapsules in a coating of sodium alginate, characterized in that the amino acid is dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and dispersing the resulting mixture into a suspension of sodium alginate in butanol in the presence of drug E472s with stirring 1000 rev / sec, then poured ethanol and water, the resulting suspension was filtered and dried at room temperature, and the process is carried out for 10 minutes.


In applying optical methods for automated 3D indoor modelling, the 3D
reconstruction of objects and surfaces is very sensitive to both lighting
conditions and the observed surface properties which ultimately compromises
the utility of the acquired 3D point clouds. This works presents
a statistical method for surface reconstruction applying robust statistics
from the compressive sensing discipline. It is shown that 3D point clouds
with outliers, strong noise and varying sampling density can be processed
by the presented method without manual interaction. The resulting
surface models are stored in implicit functional form and may be
processed by common rendering algorithms such as marching cubes to
deliver polygonal models of arbitrary resolution.


[eng] Bruno Lautier — Why should the poor be helped ? A critical study of the World Banks' stand on poverty. . For about a decade now, the struggle against poverty has been heralded as the central objective of development institutions, especially the World Bank. (That is its « raison d'etre » or the essence of its existence). This priority is evermore justified on the basis of moral reasons. This article seeks to expose some inherent contradictions to such moral appeal, the covert objectives thereto and the political effects of such a strategy : the creation of a new type of citizen and a new form of government. The moral appeal as such carries the underpinnings of a political Utopia.


Objective To compare long-term survival outcomes between laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and open radical hysterectomy (ORH) in early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma under the new FIGO 2018 staging guideline. Design Retrospective study Setting and population Early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma received LRH and ORH; 47 Chinese hospitals. Methods We matched patients with early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma in the new FIGO 2018 staging guideline with known risk factors for recurrence who underwent ORH and LRH. Main Outcome Measures 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival rates Results In total, 549 patients were enrolled in our study, including 235 patients in LRH group and 314 in ORH group. After matching some factors that may affect the prognosis, each group had 223 patients. There was no difference in DFS between LRH and ORH in risk-adjusted analysis (HR1.258, 95% CI: 0.507-3.125, P=0.621). There was no difference in OS between LRH and ORH in risk-adjusted analysis (HR1.961, 95% CI: 0.536-7.183, P=0.309). LRH resulted in significantly lower estimated blood loss (361.2 versus 165.3 ml, P < 0.001) and shorter postoperative anal exhaust time (2.8 versus 2.5 days, P = 0.003) . Intraoperative complication ( 2.7% versus 5.8%,P=0.101) and postoperative complication ( 5.8% versus 6.3%, P=0.843) rates were similar in the two groups. Conclusions LRH has comparable survival outcomes with ORH and was associated with earlier recovery in early-stage adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. LRH may be an appropriate option for early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma compared with ORH.


Environmental services are all those benefits that a population obtains from ecosystems. Ecological book, as part of terrestrial ecosystems, offer important environmental services, including the protection of draining basins, biodiversity conservation, and carbon retention in the soil. Other functions are to collect water for the aquiferous systems, which affects its own quality, by filtering, absorbing and retaining some polluting agents, which are prevented from going to the reservoirs. They also contribute to regulating temperature and moisture, which improves air quality, all of which are factors related to quality of life. In this research the importance of the identification and economic valuation of the environmental services of an ecological reserve is highlighted as an instrument for conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems. Throughout this study, the impact of the Mache-Chindul ecological reserve is analyzed in relation to climate regulation, based on the current scenario of climate change. To conduct an economical valuation is only possible if there is an adequate understanding of the role that natural resources and biological biodiversity play from a socio-economical perspective.


Under the term "acne colloidienne," Brocq 1 describes a "rare variety of acne in which the lesions are scattered here and there in an irregular manner upon the cheeks but which is characterized by the fact that the perifollicular tissues, the site of the lesions, become light yellow, transparent, colloid-like in aspect. These lesions are secondary to acneic eruptions, which fact, together with their peculiar distribution, differentiates them from colloid milium. Their resemblance to disseminated lupus vulgaris is extremely close and their relationship to this latter very difficult to decide. In certain respects they resemble the tuberculides." A study of the literature reveals no further reference to colloid acne. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.— R. N., a woman, white, blonde, aged 18, had had acne vulgaris for five years. When first observed, this patient presented seven colloid lesions scattered here and there on the face. They were accompanied by new


The absorption spectra of some PMT window samples have been investigated in the interval from lambda=220 nm to lambda=5 ..mu..m. Prolonged illumination is shown to have an effect on the absorption spectrum of the entrance windows, and this must be taken into account during the detection of ultraweak light signals at the one-photon level.


This study is concerned with the specific associa tion of housing conditions with the prevalence of tuberculosis as found in a 3-year survey by a static Mass Radiography Unit in the Metropolitan Borough of Islington (Brett, Benjamin, Craig, Wallace, and Freeman, 1956). It does not attempt to examine this association from the point of view of the spread of tuberculosis once an infector is intro duced into the household; it is solely concerned with the question whether poor housing, as one of the elements of poverty, does in fact have any specific bearing on the incidence of the disease. It was thought that an analysis of individual households in relation to tuberculosis might be of value in view of earlier studies (Stein, 1952; Benjamin, 1953) based on the relationship between morbidity or mortality rates and general housing conditions as revealed in censuses or surveys in local authority areas or sub divisions thereof, the whole area being ranked by those indices without any specific relationship between the households which were tuberculous and those whicji were overcrowded.


Biomaterials played an important role in the field of cell,free tissue engineered dermal substitutes.Many of these kinds of products have been put into clinic in many countries.and obtained good results.This paper introduces the progresses on some typical dermal substitutes.including the respective preparative methods and characteristics.


The aim of this research was to know the effect of semen washing with Bracket and Oliphan't (BO) medium at skim milk and egg yolk diluent to motility and viability of ram sperm. Semen of ram divided become four groups. P1 as treatment with washing and added skim milk diluent, P2 as treatment with washing and added skim milk combination with egg yolk, P3 as treatment without washing and added skim milk diluent and P4 as treatment without washing and added skim milk combination egg yolk. The data were analyzed by Anova Test. The result of motility and viability percentage of sperm there was difference but by Anova Test showed that not significant difference (P>0,05) between forth treatment. The conclusion of this research was treatment with washing and added milk combination with egg yolk can increasing motility and viability of sperm.


Since it is difficult to exactly measure the performance of individual and the existing of supervision cost,there are a lot of shiftless behavior in team production.The governaning mechanism of different enterprises can partly reduce shiftless behavior,but it cannot eliminate them completely.The establishment and improvement of corporate culture may regulate the behavior of the members of corporation and motivate them to work hard so as to improve enterprise performance.


There are various elementary networks that are well suited for modeling simple objects and systems, as well as for representing some general patterns inherent in the most complex systems. All varieties of elementary Petri nets are modifications of a simple Petri net. This work is devoted to solving the problem of modeling critical systems based on the use of modified Petri nets. The dual (binary) Petri net is one of the modifications that allows you to simultaneously view inversion events, solving the problem with the possibility of dead ends. The construction of schemes using fuzzy logic allows you to calculate the values of linguistic variables of the acquired knowledge. The double Petri net allows you to organize the exclusion of negative events by introducing additional links. In accordance with the rules, it is possible to construct a double fuzzy Petri net, which involves the use of maximum and minimum transitions or the corresponding logical calculations of conjunctions and disjunctions. The transition from classical Petri nets to double fuzzy networks implements fuzzy knowledge of logical inference, which makes it possible to build expert systems with fuzzy logic that solve the problem of data analysis.There are various elementary networks that are well suited for modeling simple objects and systems, as well as for representing some general patterns inherent in the most complex systems. All varieties of elementary Petri nets are modifications of a simple Petri net. This work is devoted to solving the problem of modeling critical systems based on the use of modified Petri nets. The dual (binary) Petri net is one of the modifications that allows you to simultaneously view inversion events, solving the problem with the possibility of dead ends. The construction of schemes using fuzzy logic allows you to calculate the values of linguistic variables of the acquired knowledge. The double Petri net allows you to organize the exclusion of negative events by introducing additional links. In accordance with the rules, it is possible to construct a double fuzzy Petri net, which involves the use of maximum and minimum transitions or the corresponding logical calculations of conjunctions and disjunctions. The transi...


This is a project report from the Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC). PSERC is a multi-university Center conducting research on challenges facing a restructuring electric power industry and educating the next generation of power engineers. More information about PSERC can be found at the Center's website: The project has been carried out in collaboration between the Washington State University team and Richard Goddard of Portland General Electric, and we thank Portland General Electric for their support of this work. The maximum power that can be transferred over any transmission line, called the transfer capacity, is limited by constraints on thermal limits, voltage bounds, and security considerations. As the power system gets more stressed with increasing loads, the need to transfer power over long transmission lines is becoming very important. This is especially the case for deregulated markets where it is attractive to minimize costs by buying power from remote generators with lower generation costs. In the present power system operation, the transfer capacity studies of transmission lines are carried out separately by their owners with little coordination. The objective of this project has been to propose a global framework for coordinating the capabilities of several transmission paths, while also meeting the regulatory requirements on voltage security and dynamic security. As an example, we focus on maximizing the transmission capacity of the California-Oregon AC Inter-tie (COI), by coordinating other path-flows that have an impact on the COI capacity. We show that substantial improvements in the COI MW transfer can be achieved with reasonable rescheduling of neighboring tie-line flows using the optimization algorithms presented. These coordination algorithms would be of vital importance in stressed power-flow scenarios when there is a need to increase the capability of one or more critical transmission lines by rescheduling of other paths, while also satisfying strict requirements on system security. The optimization results could suggest operating procedures which could be entered into the transmission contracts appropriately. Also, by introducing the economic costs associated with specific path-flows, the optimization can be used for maximizing the profits of a specific path owner by approaching the problem in a global sense. This is because the optimization specifically points to those neighboring path flows which are limiting the capacity of the critical transmission path under consideration. The computations involve four commercial software engines: 1) Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Power-flow program pf; 2) Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) midterm transient stability …


Based on wind tunnel tests,wind pressure distributions on cylindrical shells with different aspect ratios were measured simultaneously in wind tunnel with rigid models under different terrain types and attack angles.Some characteristics of the measured wind pressure field were discussed,including distributions of wind pressure,the effects of shape ratio on total wind force coefficients,auto-and cross-power spectral density(PSD) distributions of fluctuating wind pressure,characteristics of the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) results of the measured wind pressure field,effects of Reynolds number on wind pressure distributions,etc.The results show that the effect of Reynolds number on the wind pressure distributions of these curved models is evident,and the contributions of the first several POD eigenvectors to the overall wind pressure distributions become much bigger.


The study analyses the driving factors behind the impressive banking sector performance in Kenya in the last 13 years – 1997-2011. The paper makes use of structure conduct (SCP) literature that postulates that structure and efficiency play a role in determining performance. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to derive scale and technical efficiency scores. The efficiency scores are then incorporated into the main equation to test the four hypotheses in SCP literature. The results suggest that the source of superior performance in the Kenyan banking sector is structure/collusive power and not efficiency hence supporting SCP hypothesis. The efficiency hypothesis (ESH) is rejected as technical and scale efficiency are found to be insignificant. Policy recommendations propose that a decrease in concentration/relative market powers makes market more competitive and redistributes profitability shares more evenly. Further, the study recommends that increasing efficiency in the scale of operation would reduce concentration thus improve competition.


The article describes actions of the 17th Cossack Cavalry Corps on the construction of fortifications on the eastern coast of the Azov Sea, investigates the state of the Corps on the eve of the battle for the Caucasus, examines the feasibility of using body parts to protect the east coast of the Azov Sea after the liquidation of the Crimean Front in May, 1942.


Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, but there are currently no available methods to stimulate growth or regeneration of artery networks in diseased hearts. Studying how arteries are built during embryonic development could illuminate strategies for re-building these vessels in the setting of ischemic heart disease. We previously found, using loss-of-function experiments, that the transcription factor Dach1 is required for coronary artery development in mouse embryos. Here, we report that Dach1 overexpression in endothelial cells (ECs) extended coronary arteries and improved survival and heart function in adult mice following myocardial infarction (MI). Dach1 overexpression increased the length and number of arterial end branches, in both heart and retinal vasculature, by causing additional capillary ECs to differentiate into arterial ECs and contribute to growing arteries. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of ECs undergoing Dach1-induced arterial specification indicated that it potentiated normal artery differentiation, rather than functioning as a master regulator of artery cell fate. ScRNAseq also showed that normal arterial differentiation is accompanied by repression of lipid metabolism genes, which were also repressed by Dach1 prior to arterialization. Together, these results demonstrate that increasing the expression level of Dach1 is a novel pathway for driving specification of artery ECs and extending arterial vessels, which could be explored as a means of increasing artery coverage to mitigate the effects of CAD.


A ground collapse can be caused by natural and artificial factors. Ground collapses that have occurred frequently in Korea were observed and classified into different types by the main contributing factor. In this study, ground collapse induced by groundwater level disturbance in an excavation site was analyzed. Also, ground loosening region around the excavation site was detected and analyzed using non-destructive testing, such as GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey and Electrical Resistivity. The result of the surveys showed that the ground was loosened widely over the surrounding area of the excavation due to groundwater discharge. .


The late Dick Palmer, professor of library and information science at Simmons College, loved words. He had served in the navy as an intelligence offi cer, codebreaking Japanese during World War II. Palmer loved to challenge his classes to define the word knowledge. His favorite definition was "that information which allows us to ask better questions." Palmer was a pioneer in informa tion science and, though he didn't know it at the time, he was in front of the assessment movement in higher education. He always asked "What for?" If you didn't have an an swer, he quickly followed that remark with "Why?" The approach was gentle but fi rm and purposeful. In small and mediumsized colleges and universities, undertaking library assessment is definitely a challenge. First, there's fi guring out who has the time or onstaff expertise to do this in a meaningful way; getting staff in terested in this topic is not always easy. Then there's the complexity of linking anything you do in the library to the overall campus assessment program (if indeed one is fully formulated). In the northeast, NEASC (the New England Association of Schools and Colleges) has been the prime driver in the assessment movement. On the NEASC Web site, the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education outlines standards and other policies, including an im portant "Policy on Institutional Effectiveness." NEASC has attempted to assist accreditation site visitors by formulating what it calls "pilot site visit questions." While the questions relating to Standard 7, Library and Informa tion Resources, are helpful, they are limited in scope. One area these questions do ask site visitors to consider is the development of information literacy skills—meaning, for most of us, bibliographic instruction or some library and/or institutional attempt to foster such skills. This is an area where many of our colleagues do an excellent job of measuring their effectiveness. Otherwise, what to do?


The Gamma Knife ® is calibrated annually using the 18 mm collimator helmet; the dose rates for the other helmets are determined by measuring the radiation output relative to the 18 mm helmet. These relative measurements yield a helmet factor for each collimator helmet, which is incorporated into the treatment planning software, and is validated during annual quality assurancetesting. Traditionally, helmet factors have been measured using 1×1×1 mm3thermoluminescent dosimeters(TLDs). Determining helmet factors using this technique is a challenging process since the TLDs are small and fragile, and their preparation, calibration and readout is very time consuming. They also have a large uncertainty of 2 to 5%. The goal of this research is to investigate the use of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistordosimeters(MOSFETs) for Gamma Knife® helmet factor measurements. The MOSFET linearity and reproducibility was first characterized using a 60 Co teletherapy unit; the linearity and reproducibility were both found to be within 2%. The helmet factors were then measured using TLDs, and again using MOSFETs. The TLD results gave helmet factors within 2.5% of the manufacturer's values; the MOSFETs provided helmet factors within 1.3% of the manufacturer's values, in a fraction of the time it took to generate the TLD results. This investigation confirms that MOSFETs can be used to measure Gamma Knife® helmet factors more quickly and accurately than TLDs.


Cyber security is the major concern in today's world. Over the past couple of decades, the internet has grown to such an extent that almost every individual living on this planet has the access to the internet today. This can be viewed as one of the major achievements in the human race, but on the flip side of the coin, this gave rise to a lot of security issues for every individual or the company that is accessing the web through the internet. Hackers have become active and are always monitoring the networks to grab every possible opportunity to attack a system and make the best fortune out of its vulnerabilities. To safeguard people's and organization's privacy in this cyberspace, different network intrusion detection systems have been developed to detect the hacker's presence in the networks. These systems fall under signature based and anomaly based intrusion detection systems. This paper deals with using anomaly based intrusion detection technique to develop an automation system to both train and test supervised machine learning models, which is developed to classify real time network traffic as to whether it is malicious or not. Currently the best models by considering both detection success rate and the false positives rate are Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) followed by Support Vector Machines(SVM). In this paper, it is verified that Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based machine learning with wrapper feature selection outperforms support vector machine (SVM) technique while classifying network traffic as harmful or harmless. Initially to evaluate the performance of the system, NSL-KDD dataset is used to train and test the SVM and ANN models and finally classify real time network traffic using these models. This system can be used to carry out model building automatically on the new datasets and also for classifying the behaviour of the provided dataset without having to code.


This paper will begin with defining key terms, followed by explanation of the "what," "why" and "how" of inter-disciplinary and integrative missiological research. Hopefully Christian scholars of multiple disciplines will collaborate in conducting research and Christian leaders will become better stewards of resources and opportunities by making informed decision based on validly collected data through research.


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As web browsers become more advanced every day and support many new technologies, web applications become more complex. Web application performance is vital for its users to have a good experience. It refers to how quickly an application loads and renders in a web browser, and how well it responds to user requests. Good performance may not be obvious to most web application users, but they will immediately recognize a sluggish web application. Paying attention to web application performance is important for both Single Page Applications and traditional server-side rendered web applications. In this paper, we describe and discuss a couple of common approaches to speed up the performances and the initial loading of a React web application. First, we discuss techniques for minimizing program code, then using optimized image formats and the importance of server-side rendering, and finally, we provide a few examples of other performance-optimization techniques that can further improve the user experience.


W e define with simple, finite and undirected graph G = (EG, VG), where EG and VG is vertex set and edge set respectively. Cordinalities of there sets are called the size and order of G. We follow the standard notations and terminology of graph theory as in [1]. A graph labeling is an assignment to vertices or edges or both subject to certain conditions. If the domain is VG ∪ EG then we called the labeling is total labeling. We have the following notations, in order to know cordial labeling h and its sorts.


The interferometric measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite are contaminated by solar radiations due to a quasi-permanent presence of the Sun in the field of view of the instrument. A correction algorithm is developed and implemented in the SMOS image reconstruction processor to remove the contribution of these radiations. Since the Sun is seen under an angle much smaller than the angular resolution of SMOS, this algorithm assimilates the Sun disc to a single source located at its center. However, strong residuals persist in the retrieved images mainly due to the presence of different distributed smaller sources of brightness in the Sun disc. Thus, the performance of the algorithm degrades rapidly as soon as the dominant source is far from the center of the disc. This behavior shows the limitation of the algorithm and its strong dependencies to the position of the Sun. In this article, we propose two other algorithms to account for the solar radiations. The first one is an iterative optimization algorithm based on estimating the position of the dominant source of brightness inside the Sun disc. The second algorithm is based on estimating the contribution of the different sources of brightness within the Sun disc using an oversampled grid by solving a constrained least square optimization problem with an explicit solution.


Abstract:With the support of Party elders led by Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang assumed the top position in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This article examines the roles played by the powerful "revolutionary elders" in Hu's dismissal from the post of CCP General Secretary in early 1987. Special attention is paid to the role of Peng Zhen. This detailed study furthers our understanding of the nature and operations of Chinese elite politics in the Deng era, and of the complex generational relations between the old revolutionaries and the successor generation of leaders.


The ureides allantoin and allantoic acid are important transport compounds of fixed nitrogen from soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) nodules to the plant tops. The objective of this research was to develop a colorimetric method for determination of ureides in soybean tissues. The 2,3-butanedione monoxime-thiosemicarbazide (BDM-TSC) method for urea was adapted for ureide analysis by adding an alkaline hydrolysis step and converting allantoin to allantoate before determination as urea. Water extracts of soybean tissue samples containing a wide range of ureide concentrations were analyzed by the proposed method and two alternative procedures. The alternative procedures included a volumetric method based on urease and a colorimetric method for ureide-derived glyoxylic acid. The proposed method was highly correlated (r = 0.99) to the two alternative methods. The proposed method was easier to perform than the two alternative methods and should be adaptable for use by microplate methods.


This paper presents a study on optimization of a complex real-world application; economic environmental dispatch (EED) using two recently proposed modified ABC variants, named as JA-ABC3 and JA-ABC4a. EED is known to be a problem that is difficult yet crucial to be solved. Thus, robust optimization algorithms are needed to solve this kind of problem. JA-ABC3 and JA-ABC4a are recently proposed ABC variants claimed to perform better than the standard ABC as well as other existing variants. Their performances in optimizing EED are compared with the standard ABC algorithm, the existing ABC variants as well as other optimization algorithms. Those observations and evaluations are done in order to identify which variants would give the best optimal solution. The results clearly depict the superior performances of JA-ABC3 and JA-ABC4a in comparison to others in solving 10-generator unit system EED problem.


Heavily doped Si films were prepared by electron beam evaporation on conventional glass.The properties,surface morphologies,composition and optical transmission,were characterized and analyzed through SEM,EDS and spectra.Furthermore,the deposited heavily doped Si films were treated by the method of Al-induced low-temperature crystallization with firstly deposited Al film on glass substrate.The XRD measurement,electrical and optical properties testing results revealed that when the temperature is above 300℃,the peak Si(111) appeared and electrical conductance increases of the Si film.Meanwhile,the crystallized Si film processes good visible light transmission,with enhanced heat reflective properties,which indicates that these Si films have potential application value in low-emissivity glass.Moreover,the Ag-based low-e glass with the structure of glass/Si/Ag/Si was prepared by electron beam evaporation and a series of testing results showed Si film can protect the low-e film in some condition.


The selection of the current control methods for interior permanent magnet synchronous (IPM) motors is one of the key problems in the IPM vector control systems. In this paper,the characteristics of four current control methods are studied in detail. The suitable control method of IPM motors should be chosen according to the motor operation performance. The characteristic curves are given for each control method.


A series of colloids based on poly(styrene) were prepared by emulsion copolymerization with various proportions of methacrylic acid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were used to monitor changes in particle surface composition and indicated a substantial enrichment of the methacrylic acid component. Further evidence for the presence of carboxyl groups at the particle surfaces was provided by electrophoretic mobility measurements, which showed a marked increase over the pH range studied.


Upregulation of CD47, the "don't eat me" signal, on the surface of tumors to evade immune surveillance is a common escape mechanism utilized during hematological malignancy and solid tumor development, progression, and relapse. We recently reported that AO-176, a clinical stage humanized anti-CD47 IgG2 antibody, possesses differentiated characteristics such as preferential binding of tumor cells compared to normal cells, negligible binding to red blood cells, non-ADCC direct tumor killing and elicits immunogenic cell death and DAMP induction, all in addition to single-agent phagocytosis. In vivo, AO-176 has exhibited broad anti-tumor activity in preclinical xenograft models of multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and Burkitt lymphoma. In this study, the anti-tumor activity of AO-176 in an expanded set of preclinical models of B cell neoplasms was evaluated. We assessed In vivo anti-tumor activity in a diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) preclinical xenograft model by inoculating Toledo cells into NSG mice and treating once weekly with either 25 mg/kg AO-176 or human IgG2 isotype control. Treatment with AO-176 resulted in profound tumor shrinkage, achieved complete responses in 8/10 mice, and extended survival for all treated mice through the 46 day dosing period, compared to all isotype control treated tumors reaching endpoint by day 21.
 Having previously observed significant tumor shrinkage and extension of survival in subcutaneous xenograft models of MM, we sought to evaluate anti-tumor activity of AO-176 in an orthotopic model of MM. Luciferase expressing RPMI-8226 cells were inoculated via intratibial injection into NOD-SCID mice and treated with either 25 mg/kg of AO-176 or human IgG2 isotype control once weekly. AO-176-treated mice showed significant reductions of bioluminescence on study days 7, 21, 35, and 41, and serum paraprotein at study end. Evaluation of bone lesions by x-ray showed significantly reduced average bone lysis score in the AO-176 treatment group at study day 41. We then compared the anti-tumor activity of AO-176 against the second generation proteosome inhibitor carfilzomib in a myeloma xenograft model. AO-176 dosed at 25 mg/kg once weekly achieved 72% TGI, compared to 47% and 27% TGI for tumors treated with 5 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg carfilzomib at day 29 post treatment.
 To elucidate the pathways and processes that may be underpinning the anti-tumor activity of AO-176, we performed bulk RNA sequencing on AO-176 or isotype control-treated tumors harvested at multiple time points from a MM xenograft model we previously reported as exhibiting profound sensitivity to AO-176 in vivo. Murine transcripts from harvested tumor RNA were evaluated to assess differences in immune infiltrate resulting from AO-176 treatment. Days 3 and 7 post treatment with AO-176 showed the greatest number of differentially expressed genes compared to control treated tumors. The top enriched pathway on day 3 was microglia phagocytosis. Principal component analysis of gene expression indicated partitioning of day 3 post AO-176 treatment from the rest of the groups. Furthermore, deconvolution of abundances of infiltrating immune cells using CIBERSORT via TIMER analytical tool showed an enrichment of macrophages relative to other cell types on day 3 post treatment.
 To extend our RNA sequencing findings, we then sought to evaluate intratumoral immune cell populations after AO-176 treatment in a subcutaneous MM xenograft model. MM cells were inoculated into NOD-SCID mice, then treated with 25 mg/kg AO-176 or human IgG2 isotype control. At 48 hours post treatment, tumors were harvested, and we observed an increase of macrophages in the AO-176 treated tumors, confirming our previous results.
 In summary, the robust preclinical data in DLBCL and MM warrants further development of AO-176 for treatment of hematological malignancies. AO-176 is being evaluated in phase 1/2 clinical trials for the treatment of patients with solid tumors (NCT03834948) and with MM (NCT04445701).

 Wilson: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Richards: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Andrejeva: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Capoccia: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Puro: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Donio: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Hiebsch: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Kashyap: Arch Oncology: Current Employment. Pereira: Arch Oncology: Current Employment.


The invention relates to novel compounds of heteroetileno of general formula (I) and the use of the latter in pharmaceutical compositions intended for use in human or veterinary medicine (dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmological particular) or alternatively in cosmetic compositions.


This article assesses the relevance of the principles of proportionality and Sachlichkeit in legal doctrine concerning the constitutional right to equality. Therefore, the article outlines the relevant case-law of the Austrian Constitutional Court regarding the principle of equal treatment enshrined in Art 7(1) B-VG. The following analysis of the case-law highlights two aspects: First, the fact that the Court has proven to apply a predominantly structural concept of the right to equality. Secondly, a possible sociological explanation for the notable significance of equality based reasoning in the Court's fundamental rights jurisprudence. Subsequently, the article offers an alternative understanding of the general principle of equal treatment, emphasizing its substantive nucleus rather than following a pure structural approach.