The paper presents details of discretisation of a thermal diffusion equation in one-dimensional space in terms of the Finite Volume Method. In the following sections, the method of space discretisation is discussed along with the approximation of a spatial derivative, matrix notation of a system of equations, special cases, approximation of three types of boundary conditions and derivative approximation over time. Much attention is also given to the issue of averaging material properties which can generally be different in adjacent cells.The study aims to analyse various multilayer structures for their suitability as heat storage. The launch of studies described in the paper has been driven by the lack of methods for effective heat storage, which is currently one of the key problems faced by the renewable energy industry.


Thermal degradation of rice straw in water produces more water solubles and acetone solubles and less insoluble residue than from cellulose. Addition of alkali can be adjusted to optimize acetone solubles or to produce only water-soluble product. Water solubles include alcohols, ketones and carboxylic acids.


Domain‐swopped chimeras of the glutamate dehydrogenases from Clostridium symbiosum (CsGDH) (NAD+‐specific) and Escherichia coli (EcGDH) (NADP+‐specific) have been produced, with the aim of testing the localization of determinants of coenzyme specificity. An active chimera consisting of the substrate‐binding domain (Domain I) of CsGDH and the coenzyme‐binding domain (Domain II) of EcGDH has been purified to homogeneity, and a thorough kinetic analysis has been carried out. Results indicate that selectivity for the phosphorylated coenzyme does indeed reside solely in Domain II; the chimera utilizes NAD+ at 0.8% of the rate observed with NADP+, similar to the 0.5% ratio for EcGDH. Positive cooperativity toward L‐glutamate, characteristic of CsGDH, has been retained with Domain I. An unforeseen feature of this chimera, however, is that, although glutamate cooperativity occurs only at higher pH values in the parent CsGDH, the chimeric protein shows it over the full pH range explored. Also surprising is that the chimera is capable of catalysing severalfold higher reaction rates (Vmax) in both directions than either of the parent enzymes from which it is constructed. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Land use /cover change(LUCC) is closely related to regional sustainable development.It is an important issue in LUCC investigations to analyze the relationship between land use change and its influencing variables on spatial scale,to reveal the change in land use and its spatio-temporal distribution characteristics by developing a simulation model,and to support the future decisionmaking.This study took the Tianmuhu Reservoir watershed,the land use of which has been changed rapidly with the dominant cash crop of tea plantation in upstream of the Lake Taihu basin,as the study area.Interpretation of the high-resolution remote sensing imagery provided the data of tea plantation and other land uses since 2000.Topography and soil data were obtained from the 1∶50000 scale national standard relief map and soil sampling with laboratory analysis,respectively.Analyses of the spatial distribution and area change of existing and newly-exploited tea plantation since 2000 revealed that the tea plantation area was in a rapidly increasing trend.The tea plantation area expanded 5 times in the past 11 years and half of those increased in the last 3 years.There was a big difference in the spatial distribution of tea plantation among sub-regions,because of their different natural backgrounds,geographical factors and suitability conditions for tea plantation.The results of Cramer V chi-square test showed that elevation,slope,reservoirs,rivers,villages,roads and the scale of tea garden were the most significant factors for the spatial distribution of tea plantation.The MLP neural network model for the prediction of tea planation was developed through iterations based on the seven significant influencing factors.It was validated using the area of existing tea plantation,the performance of which reached to 84%.Application of the model in predicting the future spatial distribution of tea plantation under current,2000,and the compromised tea-exploitation mode displayed that the area of tea plantation in 2020 will account for 1 /4 of the watershed area if it is exploited following the current pace.None of the three scenarios could change the growing trend of tea plantation.Therefore,it is urgent to push the local government to take corresponding strategies and measures to control the increasing area of tea planation and adjust its spatial distributions


s International, 37, 1505A Price, H. E. (1983). The effect of conductor academic task presentation, conductor reinforcement, and ensemble practice on performers' musical achievement, 16 UPDAlE attentiveness, and attitude. Journal of Research in Musf.c Education. 31, 245-257. Woodbury, W. (1955). Leadership in orchestral conducting. Journal ofResearch in Music Education. 3, 119-130. Yarbrough, C. (1975). Effect of magnitude of conductor behavior on students tn selected mixed choruses. Journal of Research in Music Education, 23,


Objective: To investigate the influence of atorvastatin on hs-CRP and TC:HDLC in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Method: 103 patients with AMI were randomly divided into standard-dosage atorvastatin group(n=51) and high-dosage atorvastatin group(n=52),once daily atorvastatin 10mg and 20mg were given respectively.The serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein,lipid profile and liver function were observed at baseline and 14 days after atorvastatin treatment.Result: Compared with the baseline,the serum hs-CRP were significantly reduced in both groups(P0.05 in standard-dosage group and P0.01 in high-dosage group),the serum level of LDL-c,TG and TC:HDLC were reduced in both group,but it was not significantly(P0.05).Conclusion: In patients with acute myocardial infarction,anti-inflammatory effects were observed in the early stage of statin treatment,independent of its lipid-lowering effects.The high-dosage atorvastatin was more effectively than the standard-dosage atorvastatin in patients with acute myocardial infarction.


Following on our purpose of developing a unified pipeline for large-scale structure data analysis with angular (i.e. harmonic-space) power spectra, we now include the weak lensing effect of magnification bias on galaxy clustering in a publicly available, modular parameter estimation code. We thus forecast constraints on the parameters of the concordance cosmological model, dark energy, and modified gravity theories from galaxy clustering tomographic angular power spectra. We find that a correct modelling of magnification is crucial in order not to bias the estimation of cosmological parameters, especially in the case of deep galaxy surveys. Our case study adopts specifications of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU), which is a full-sky, deep radio-continuum survey, and is expected to probe the Universe up to redshift $z\sim6$. We assume the Limber approximation, and include magnification bias on top of density fluctuations and redshift-space distortions. By restricting our analysis to the regime where the Limber approximation holds true, we significantly minimise the computational time needed, compared to that of the exact calculation. We also show that there is a trend for more biased parameter estimates from neglecting magnification when the redshift bins are very wide. We conclude that this result implies a strong dependence on the lensing contribution, which is an integrated effect and becomes dominant when wide redshift bins are considered. Finally, we note that instead of being considered a contaminant, magnification bias encodes important cosmological information, and its inclusion leads to an alleviation of the degeneracy between the galaxy bias and the amplitude normalisation of the matter fluctuations.


This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) provides for the inspection and testing of the new Pumping and Instrumentation Control (PIC) skid designed as ''L''. The ATP will be performed after the construction of the PIC skid in the shop.


The following text is a part of a wider research named "Living Urban Scape"1 carried on by the University of "Roma Tre" and the IUAV University of Venice. Aim of the work is to provide a new way of reading and understanding the "urbanscape" as to define new strategies of urban regeneration by landscape and by social principles. The investigation is focused on the empty pieces of land that are present in the contemporary big cities, especially in the suburban and residential zones. We think that these areas are crucial to reach a new and different meaning of living in such territories. Our research method is based on the consciousness that with a careful use of vegetation it is possible to achieve important results into the urban renovation process. "New environments for new natures"2. We should start giving thought "To dynamic evolutions rather than static positions. To impure developments rather than basic figurations.(...) To topologies rather than typologies. To "landscapes" rather than "edifices". Architecture established (from now on) like geographies".3 In fact, if we start the renovation process from the reshaping of the ground-scape of the city we could overcome the traditional dimension of the urban environment.


A 26-residue peptide containing six histidine (H) residues showed a pH-dependent interaction with a membrane. At a basic pH, where the H residues were deprotonated, the peptides formed a helical st...


This study summarizes US and Japanese historical North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) tagging data and uses maximum likelihood methods to estimate seasonal migration rates of young North Pacific albacore. Previous studies related to North Pacific albacore migration have found that the frequency of albacore migrations is difficult to quantify be- cause of inadequate amounts of tags released by the US tagging program in the western Pacific. Use of the combined Ja- pan and US tagging data solves this problem. This study also incorporates specific seasonal migration routes, hypothesized in past qualitative analyses, to avoid overparameterization problems. The estimated migration patterns qualitatively corre- spond to those from previous studies and suggest the possibility of frequent westward movements and infrequent eastward movements in the North Pacific. This frequent westward movement of young albacore in the North Pacific would corre- spond to a part of albacore life history in which immature fish recruit into fisheries in the western and eastern Pacific and then gradually move near to their spawning grounds in the central and western Pacific before maturing. Resume´ : Notre etude fait la synthese de donnees archivees americaines et japonaises de marquage du germon (Thunnus alalunga) du Pacifique Nord et utilise des methodes de vraisemblance maximale pour estimer les taux saisonniers de mi- gration des jeunes germons du Pacifique Nord. Des etudes anterieures sur la migration du germon dans le Pacifique Nord ont trouvequ'il est difficile de quantifier la frequence de migration du germon a cause du nombre insuffisant d'etiquettes liberees par le programme americain de marquage dans l'ouest du Pacifique. L'utilisation combinee des donnees de marqu- age japonaises et americaines resout ce probleme. Notre etude incorpore aussi des routes specifiques de migration saison- niere, fixees par hypothese dans les etudes qualitatives anterieures, afin d'eviter les problemes de surparametrage. Les patrons de migration estimes correspondent qualitativement aceux des etudes anterieures et laissent croire a la possibilite´ de nombreux deplacements vers l'ouest et des deplacements plus rares vers l'est dans le Pacifique Nord. Ces deplacements frequents vers l'ouest des jeunes germons dans le Pacifique Nord devraient correspondre ala periode du cycle biologique pendant laquelle les poissons immatures sont incorpores dans les peches dans l'ouest et l'est du Pacifique; ils se deplacent ensuite graduellement vers leurs lieux de fraye dans le centre et l'ouest du Pacifique avant d'atteindre la maturite´. (Traduit par la Redaction)


PURPOSE: To provide the subject novel compound useful as a drug for the treat ment and prevention of pathological symptoms capable of being ameliorated by the antagonism mediated by the receptor from β 3 -adrenaline. CONSTITUTION: There are provided [(7S)-7-[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2- hydroxyethylamino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yloxy]acetic acid represented by the formula and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A compound of the formula can be obtained for example by dissolving ethyl [(7S)-7-[(2R)-2-(3- chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethylamino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yloxy]acetate in ethyl alcohol, reacting it by the additon of 1N-NaOH, evaporating the solvent in vacuo from the solution, dissolving the residue in water, washing the mixture with ethyl ether and powdering the obtained precipitate. It is desirable to use 0.01-500 mg of an active ingredient comprising a compound of the formula. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


In this article analyzes and describes the various optimization criteria to solve problem of design engineering, as placement. For comparison offers classical and modern approaches to solve the problem of placement. Offers advantages and disadvantages for each method. Identifies all critical to the submicron range problems and revealed the nature of their occurrence. Concluded that the use complex criteria that take into account physical phenomena characteristic of the submicron range.


Objective:To observe the expressions of MTA1 mRNA and ki67 in breast cancer tissue and to investigate the relation between the two indexs and their correlation with the invasion ability of breast cancer.Methods:The expressions of MTA1 mRNA and ki67 were detected by ISH and IHC,respectively.And their correlation was analysed.Results:The expressions of MTA1 mRNA and ki67 in the poorly differentiated group of breast cancer were significantly higher than that in the moderately and well differentiated groups (P0.01).The expressions of MTA1 mRNA and ki67 in groups having lymph nodes metasis were significantly higher than those in no-lymph nodes metasis groups (P0.01).The expressions of MTA1 mRNA and ki67 were higher in cerbB2 positive group than nigative group(P0.01).And ti was also higher in ER negative group (P0.05).The expressions of MTA1 mRNA and ki67 were positive correlated with each other (r=0.553).Conclusion:The high expressions of MTA1 mRNA and ki67 are closely related with the development and progress of breast cancer,accompanying with the progress of the disease and the decreasing of tumor differentiation extents.MTA1 mRNA and ki67 can be the important molecular markers which indicate the prognosis and treatment of breast cancer.


The article discusses the mystery of time. Although, in principle, the laws of physics would work just as well if time ran backwards, such a phenomenon has not been reliably observed to occur. This leads to a discussion of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. Speculative explanations are advanced, which involve events that may have occurred before the beginning of the universe as we know it, and the possible structure of some larger universes, outside and beyond the usual one. INSETS: ENTROPY IN THE KITCHEN;WHAT GRAVITY DOES TO ENTROPY;The History of the Observable Universe.


Recent trends in the machine learning community show that models with fidelity toward human perceptual measurements perform strongly on vision tasks. Likewise, human behavioral measurements have been used to regularize model performance. But can we transfer latent knowledge gained from this across different learning objectives? In this work, we introduce PERCEP-TL (Perceptual Transfer Learning), a methodology for improving transfer learning with the regularization power of psychophysical labels in models. We demonstrate which models are affected the most by perceptual transfer learning and find that models with high behavioral fidelity -- including vision transformers -- improve the most from this regularization by as much as 1.9\% Top@1 accuracy points. These findings suggest that biologically inspired learning agents can benefit from human behavioral measurements as regularizers and psychophysical learned representations can be transferred to independent evaluation tasks.


According to the stress characteristics of pile bridle trimmer earth-retaining wall structure,its design theory was discussed.Two calculation model assumptions were proposed,i.e.skid resistance and bearing pile bridle trimmer earth-resistance wall.Combined with the numerical modeling analysis of the additional second engineering example of Xiang-Yu line,the assumption rationality was checked,which provided reference for supporting and retaining structure theory.


Rocking curves of self-organized dots InAs/GaAs are measured using double crystal x-ray diffraction. The composition, strain and thickness of InAs quantum dot layer are obtained by theoretical simulations of the rocking curves based on the Takagi-taupin equations of dynamical diffraction theory. To obtain agreement between theory and experiment, submonolayer deposited InAs quantum dots should be consided as chemical compound InGaAs, not as superlattice of InAs/GaAs when simulations are performed. The vertical lattice mismatch of the InAs QDs layer with respect to GaAs is around 5~6% which is agreeable to macroscopic continuum elasticity, while the lattice mismatch in the QW is very samll. It is explained that the simulation results are rational with reference to atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images.


In a sheet metal component, which is a gear housing for a gear, weld nuts are used to improve the local dynamic rigidity of this rough side transmission links, which are form-fitting integrated into the body shell structure. For this, the weld nuts are surrounded by a swelling foam layers, which expands in the paint process under the influence of temperature to connect the weld nuts with the adjacent shell parts to their full extent.


This paper develops a duopoly model for user-generated content (UGC) platforms, which compete for consumers and content producers in two-sided markets characterized by network externalities. Each platform has the option to invest in a content quality assurance (CQA) system and determine the level of advertising. Our model reveals that network effects are pivotal in shaping the platforms' optimal strategies and user behavior, specifically in terms of single vs. multi-homing. We find that when network effects for producers are weak, consumers tend to engage in multi-homing while producers prefer single-homing. Conversely, strong network effects lead to the opposite behavior. Furthermore, our model demonstrates that user behavior and network effects dictate whether a platform is incentivized to incorporate advertisements and/or invest in CQA. Generally, weak network effects prompt a platform to invest in a CQA system, unless both consumers and producers engage in multi-homing. Our model's results highlight the importance for platform companies to evaluate the extent of network effects on their platform in order to anticipate user behavior, which subsequently informs the optimal CQA and advertising strategy.


Cover title. "June 1974." Chiefly tables. Also available on the World Wide Web. Also available in microfilm under: State agricultural papers.


Objective – This study has the objective of establishing whether the undergraduate students of the Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, have access to and use Internet facilities in the University library. Methods – A survey research design was adopted for this study and questionnaires were used in gathering data. Statistical methods used in the analysis include percentages, frequencies, and Chi-Square test for measuring the association of library visit and use of the Internet. Results – The analysis of the data and findings indicated that there is Internet connectivity in the library. The findings also revealed that few students (15.5%) use the computer and the Internet on a daily basis. The problems of slow Internet connection at peak periods and unsteady power supply were clearly identified. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that there is no association


In this paper, the wavelength bistability is analyzed by using the relationship between the average number of photons and the input signal power while the carrier density rate is also utilized. The relationship between the cavity reflective index and carrier density is also taken into account. Three methods of controlling the width of wavelength bistable loop is proposed: to enhance the pump current properly, change top DBRs reflectivity of VCSOA without changing the radio of pump current versus threshold current or change input optical power.


Measurements of the effect of rapid change in temperature on the spontaneous activity and oxygen consumption were made on Atlantic salmon underyearlings acclimated to 6 or 18 C. The new levels of i...


We have studied the magnetic behaviour of ultra-thin films produced by depositing pre-formed gas phase Fe and Co nanoclusters, containing typically a few hundred atoms, in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Two types of sample were prepared, that is, clusters embedded at very low volume fractions (⩽2%) within Ag matrices to obtain the isolated particle properties, and pure cluster-assembled films with no matrix that were transferred without a capping layer into the magnetometer in UHV. The dilute assemblies both display ideal superparamagnetism, with an H/T scaling of the magnetization curves, above 50 K for Fe clusters and 150 K for Co clusters. Fitting the magnetization data above these temperatures to Langevin functions enabled an accurate determination of the size distribution and gave a median size of 3 nm for the Fe and 2.8 nm for the Co clusters. At 2 K the magnetic isotherms are characteristic of assemblies of blocked particles with a uniaxial anisotropy axis and anisotropy constants of 2.6×105 and 7.7×105 J m-3 for Fe and Co particles respectively. The magnetic behaviour of the pure cluster films was analysed using a random anisotropy model including parameters determined from the isolated cluster films. The approach to saturation of the Fe and Co cluster films indicates that the ground state is a correlated super-spin glass over the temperature range 10-300 K in both cases.


Stirred aerated tanks by double impellers are used in fermentation and various biological processes for water treatment, food industry, and pharmaceutical production. In this study, a generalized correlation model was developed for the dependent parameter (). The oxygen mass transfer from air to liquid takes place by rotating the double impellers (IBRC and PBPU) in the aerated tank. This model considers Reynolds number, Froude number, power number, the liquid height, and the spacing between impellers as the most significant specifications that are related to aerated tank performance. The spacing between the impellers is considered to be a design factor of such industrial equipment due to its remarkable impact on the oxygen mass transfer.


Intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion (ICSA) is a useful technique for women undergoing cesarean sections who are predicted to experience significant bleeding. This method can reduce allogeneic transfusions as well as its associated risks and costs. Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an abnormal maternal response to ICSA similar to the classic systemic inflammatory response syndrome, but its mechanism is not well understood. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical aspects of AFE.


Abstract The viva examination is a common method of assessment in medical education. It is, in essence a performance given by candidates to examiners, and as such, candidates would be well advised to optimize their performance. Knowledge and skills are essential to passing the viva, but they alone are not sufficient. The process of the performance is also important, but it is not often made explicit in feedback during viva practice. Moreover, there are many aspects to the performance process that can be worked on to improve candidates' chances of passing. Here we present 12 tips focused on performance processes, for use by supervisors and their trainees.


The paper shows shows the relationship beetwen the thoughts of Alexander Świetochowski and utopia. Both his literary works (where, paradoxically, utopia is juxtaposed with dystopia) and his philosophical essays are analyzed. Świetochowski uses the language of utopia to create the model of the Future Man. This idea is a combination of features of heroes in Thomas Carlyle and Uebermensch in Friedrich Nietzsche.


This article furthers the discussion in the March 2015 (Vol. 35, No. 2) issue of Public Money & Management on 'Public procurement policy and practice— international lessons and debates'. In particular, it illustrates some of the major difficulties in achieving the required policy outcomes through the procurement processes. The numerous 'failures', particularly in the defence acquisitions area, are of ongoing concern both in terms of 'blow-outs' in costs and, more unfortunately, in achieving strategic defence capability and overall policy outcomes in required timeframes. Can current public sector reforms and observed better practice provide any encouragement for, discipline on, participants to achieve the required results or is it all just too difficult?


The paper presents the stress self-accommodation characteristic of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy, namely the alloy causes positive/reverse ε martensitic transformation and accompanied by deformation in order to adapt the variation of the outside macroscopical stress and deformation. From XRD analysis, it is found that the stress-induced γ↔ε martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation would occur in Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy under the tension-compression stress and also validated the stress self-accommodation characteristic of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy. In cycles of tension and compression deformation, the stress self-accommodation characteristic of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloy can increase fatigue life of the alloy by reducing stress concentration, restraining plastics gliding deformation and delaying the formation and growing of microcracks. The fatigue fracture in Fe-Mn-Si alloy shows quasi-cleavage brittle rupture type.


Summary

Weight–length (W–L) relationships for 28 cyprinid species collected on the Iberian Peninsula are presented. Values of the exponent b in the W–L relationships ranged from 2.78 to 3.47. These are the first W–L parameters reported for 11 of the species, all of them endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse factors influencing black South African millennials when considering African Ankara fabric fashion. Fashion adoption, particularly consumers' intentions to adopt new fashion is valuable to companies and marketers of the vibrant clothing product. Therefore, this study helped to create awareness to marketers on what characteristics to look for and address when dealing with millennials.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was informed by the interpretivist research paradigm resulting in the adoption and use of a qualitative research methodology. The exploratory research design helped the authors to collect data for this study because the objective was to address a subject where the problem was not well understood and there was little research on the subject matter. In addition, the exploratory research design helped to identify the boundaries in which the research problems and situations of interest resided, thus, the "what if" type of questions were addressed in the study.

Findings
The study established that black South African millennials were aware and conversant with African Ankara fabric fashion because it communicated African culture as well as personality. It was revealed that attitude, influence of fashion involvement, country-of-origin effect, consumer ethnocentrism and opinion leaders played significant roles in influencing millennials in fashion adoption. Particularly of importance, the study observed that celebrities influenced black South African millennials in fashion adoption and purchase intentions. Black South African millennials confirmed that their technologically savvy nature and social media usage had morphed them into depending on information communication technology.

Research limitations/implications
The sample for the study was composed of individuals from the University of Cape Town which excluded potential sample participants from the rest of South Africa. The exclusion of potential sample members was attributed to the research methodology adopted and data collection techniques used. The limitations would have been mitigated if a different research methodology had been used.

Practical implications
The practical implications identified in this study are black South African millennials who are frugal and fluid customers, whose tastes and preferences are difficult to understand unless thorough research is done by marketers; black South African millennials are technologically savvy, therefore firms and marketers should use information communication technologies if they are to win loyalty of black South African millennials. Utilisation of traditional marketing (bricks and mortar) approaches do not work for this cohort of consumers; when designing products or services, marketers and firms should engage and involve millennials as part of the design strategy.

Originality/value
This study investigated influencing factors on millennials when considering African Ankara fabric fashion. Most studies focussed on Western clothing fashion, yet African fashion was symbolic and it communicated African culture. Failure to research on African Ankara fabric fashion creates a gap and dearth of literature, which is the reason why this study was undertaken. This study has implications for clothing designers and manufacturers who are excluding African Ankara fabric fashion.


The municipal wastewater is treated with Bio-SAC technology and limestone. The results showed that the quality of the treated wastewater can be used as the cooling water of coal-fired power plants. The COD, BOD5, SS and NH3-N of the treated wastewater are respectively less than 10mg/L and 5mg/L and 0.1mg/L and 1.0mg/L. Their corresponding removal rates are 95%, 94%, 99% and 97%.


Background: COVID-19 vaccine coverage, especially in booster doses, remains a significant issue in Peru. This study aimed to analyze the social determinants that affect vaccine coverage and evaluate sociodemographic inequalities in COVID-19 booster dose vaccination in Peru using GINI coefficient decomposition analysis. Methods: An ecological study was conducted with 196 provinces in Peru. GINI coefficient decomposition analysis was performed to assess the inequality of immunization coverage in these provinces, considering sociodemographic characteristics as sources of inequality (sex, age group, educational level, residence area, and ethnic group). The Oaxaca-Blinder method was utilized to decompose the GINI coefficient into Sk (composition effect), Gk (redistribution effect), Rk (differential effect), share value, and percentage change. Bootstrap method based on percentiles was employed to determine 95% confidence interval values for each GINI coefficient and percentage change in the decomposition analysis. Results: A total of 196 Peruvian provinces were evaluated. Among these, 59.74% had higher education, while 10.37% had no education or only elementary education. White or mestizo individuals accounted for 51.62% of the population. The GINI coefficient decomposition analysis, six months after the start of the third and fourth dose vaccination campaign, revealed higher Sk values for the white or mestizo ethnic group (Sk= 6.46 vs Sk= 3.03), people living in rural (Sk= 6.63 vs Sk= 2.76) or urban areas (Sk= 5.88 vs Sk= 2.76), and those aged between 30 and 64 years (Sk= 6.84 vs Sk= 3.20). The highest Gk values were observed for the Aymara (Gk= 0.92 vs Gk= 0.92), Afro-Peruvian (Gk= 0.61 vs Gk= 0.61), and Quechua (Gk= 0.53 vs Gk= 0.53) ethnic groups, in contrast to the white or mestizo group (Gk= 0.34 vs Gk= 0.34). Furthermore, Rk exhibited high positive values for individuals with university or postgraduate education (Rk= 0.59 vs Rk= 0.44) and those living in urban areas (Rk= 0.34 vs Rk= 0.28). Conversely, individuals living in rural areas (Rk= -0.34 vs Rk= -0.28), those with elementary education (Rk= -0.46 vs. Rk= -0.36), and those with no education or only preschool education (Rk= -0.41 vs. Rk= -0.32) displayed high negative Rk values. Conclusion: Sociodemographic inequalities exist in the coverage of third and fourth booster doses against COVID-19 in Peruvian provinces, particularly concerning geographic location, ethnicity, and educational level. Keywords: Health Inequities; COVID-19 vaccine booster shot; Sociodemographic Factors; Peru.


Objective To explore endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) images finding and endoscopic treatment of biliary complications after adult orthotopic liver transplantation(BCAOLT),to assess the effectiveness of ERCP imaging diagnosis and endoscopic treatment.Improving liver transplant surgery curative effect and the quality of life in patients,delaying the re-transplantation time.Methods 20 cases of biliary complications after adult orthotopic liver transplantation with ERCP 32 times,and implement corresponding treatment according to the results of ERCP.Results 19 cases of 31 successful,ERCP success rate was 96.88%(31/32).The reasons for biliary complications were definite after ERCP in all cases.The location of biliary complications occurred in part as follows: donor liver,donor and receptor bile duct,bile duct anastomotic stoma and duodenal papilla.5 cases of bile duct stricture with cholangitis;3 cases of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct stricture with cholangitis,combined with biliary sludge formation or cholelithiasis;bile duct anastomotic stricture in 3 cases;duodenal papillary dysfunction in 2 cases;duodenal papillary stenosis in 2 cases;bile duct was too long and twisted in 2 cases;donor and receptor bile duct diameter was too large difference in 1 case;light simplex choledochectasia in 1 case.No hemobilia and bile leakage in patients.Bile duct stricture with cholangitis incidence rate was the highest in this group,40%(8/20);followed by bile duct anastomotic stricture,15%(3/20).Endoscopic cure rate was 60%(12/20);improvement rate was 35%(7/20).The choice of treatment: duodenal papilla expansion 12.50%(4/32),endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) 37.50%(12/32),bile duct expansion 43.75%(14/32),endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD) 68.75%(22/32),endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage(ERBD) 28.12%(9/32),extraction of bile duct stones 12.50%(4/32),bile duct irrigation 31.25%(10/32).Conclusion Endoscopic therapy has become main and preferred method of nonoperative treatment for biliary complications after adult orthotopic liver transplantation.


Scotch pine Christmas tree stumps, from trees cut for the previous holiday season, were treated in a local plantation with three insecticides and four isolates of the fungus Peniphoragigantea1 A randomized block design was replicated six times. Overwintering adults were crawling over the stumps at the time of application. Stump surface was sprayed with a compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. On September 7, 1978 the bark was removed from the treated stumps and the number of chip cocoons tabulated. The Pissodes weevils have been variously identified by taxonomists as P. pissodes, P. approximate and P. nemorensis over a several year period. Probably a complex of species in involved.


The invention discloses a method for expanding content sources in social applications. The method comprises the following steps: collecting and quantizing audio signals; coding the collected and quantized audio signals according to preset coding rules and generating digital audio content; sending the digital audio content, together with user accounts, to a social application server to request the server to establish association relationship between the user accounts and content source identification corresponding to the digital audio content; and receiving information of association relationship, established between the content source identification and the user accounts, returned by the social application server. The invention also discloses a system for expanding the content sources in the social applications, a client and the social application server. Through the method and system for expanding content sources in the social applications, the client and the server, tedious operation of users can be saved, and convenience is improved.


The transient properties of a bistable system with correlations between additive and multiplicative noise terms are investigated. The explicit expressions of the mean first-passage time (MFPT) are obtained. The numerical computations show that the MFPT of the system is affected by \ensuremath{\lambda}, the strength of correlations between additive (intensity \ensuremath{\alpha}) and multiplicative (intensity D) noise terms. For the case of perfectly correlated noises (\ensuremath{\lambda}=1), the MFPT corresponding to \ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}D and \ensuremath{\alpha}D exhibits very different behaviors, and the MFPT for \ensuremath{\alpha}=D diverges to infinity. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


17. Gottlieb RD, Shah MK, Perlman DC, Kimmelman CE Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in otolaryngology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;107:434437. 18. Peacock JE, Marsik FJ, Wenzel RP Methicillin-resistant StaphyZococcus aureus: introduction and spread within a hospital. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:52&532. 19. Health and Welfare, Canada. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Canada. Canadian Diseases Weekly &port 1984;10:26 28. 20. Dammann TA, Wiens RM, Taylor GD. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: identification of a community outbreak by monitoring of hospital isolates. Can / F'ub Health 1988;79:312314. 21. Barry Al, Thomsberry C. Susceptibility tests: Diffusion test procedures. In: Balows A, Hausler WJ Jr, Herrman KL, Isenber HD, Shadomy HJ, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1985:11171125. 22. Murray BE, Singh Kv, Garkowitz SM, et al. Evidence for clonal spread of a single strain of B-lactamase-producing Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis to six hospitals in five states. J Infect Dis 1991;163:78C-785. 23. Taylor G, Kirkland T, Kowalewska-Grochowska K, Wang Y. A multistrain cluster of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus based in a native community. Can/Znfect Dis 1990,1:121-126. 24. Nicolle LE, Bialkowska-Hobrzanska H, Romance L, Harry VS, Parker S. Clonal diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an acute care institution. Infect Control Hasp Epidemiol 1992;13:33-37. 25. Young TK. Health Care and Cultural Change: The Indian Experience in the Central Subarctic. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press; 1988:42-80. 26. Nicolle LE, Post1 B, Urias B, Law B, Ling N, Efstratiou A. Erythromycin-resistant group G streptococci in an isolated northern Canadian community. Can/Infect Dis 1990;1:3-6. 27. Haley w, Hightower AW, Khabbaz RE et al. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Stafihylococcus aureus infections in United States hospitals. Possible role of the house staff-patient transfer circuit. Ann Intern Med 1988;97:297-308. 28. Haley RW. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: do we just have to live with it? Ann Intern Med 1991;114:162-164. 29. Moreno E Rivera P Patterson JE. Is methicillin-resistant StaphyZococcus aureus no longer just a nosocomial organism? Infect Control Ho@ Epidemiol 1994;15:4. Part 2(suppl):33. Abstract s57.


Effects of wheat genotype and sowing date were studied on phytic acid contents and yield of components. The results revealed significant influence (P<0.01) of sowing date on the grain yield. Although the early sowing resulted in higher yields, however, the genotypic differences in grain yield were statistically non-significant. Thousand kernel weight was significantly (P<0.01) influenced by both the factors and their interactions. Test weight was also influenced by genotype and genotype / sowing date interaction. Phytic acid contents in the seed were influenced by sowing date (P< 0.01), whereas genotype or its interaction with sowing date had no significant effects. Relationships of phytic acid contents with the yield parameters were altered with late sowing. With early sowing, 1000-kernel weight had positive and significant (P<0.05) correlation with phytic acid contents, whereas with late sowing, seed yield had highly positive correlation (P<0.1) with phytic acid contents.


We report meta-axicons with high numerical aperture for generating Bessel beams with λ/3 spot size. The spot size of the generated Bessel beams is independent of wavelength of incident light because of tailored phase profile.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a broad range of disorders that are all characterized by a block in the differentiation and by uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. AML is the most frequent hematological malignancy in adults, with an annual incidence of three to four cases per 100 000 individuals. Specific recurrent chromosomal abnormalities can be identified in approximately 55% of cases by cytogenetic analysis. These detected chromosomal aberrations are the most important tool to classify patients at their initial diagnosis and to divide them into favorable, intermediate and unfavorable subgroups. The age of the patient is also an important prognostic factor (Juliusson et al., 2009; Szotkowski et al., 2010). However, approximately 45% of adult patients with AML have normal karyotype (cytogenetically normal /CN/-AML patients) and are usually classified as an intermediate risk group (Mrozek et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2011). These patients have a 5-year overall survival rate between 24% and 42%, but clinical outcome may vary greatly. The prognosis of AML with normal cytogenetics may be further subdivided based on genetic lesions. Even though a growing number of genetic lesions have been identified in CN-AML, about 25% CN-AML patients do not carry any of the currently known mutations. Therefore, many research groups conducted retrospective studies to find some candidate molecular markers that could identify good and poor risk AML patients with normal karyotype. In recent years, a number of gene mutations (NPM1 /nucleophosmin/, FLT3 /Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3/, MLL-PTD /mixed lineage leukemia-partial tandem duplications/, C/EBP┙ /CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha/CEBPA/, WT1 /Wilms tumor 1/, DNMT3A /DNA methyltransferase 3A/, IDH1 and IDH2 /isocitrate dehydrogenase/, CBL /Casitas B-lineage lymphoma/and others), as well as deregulated expression of genes (BAALC /brain and acute leukemia cytoplasmic/, ERG /ETS-related gene/, MN1 /meningioma 1/, EVI1 /ecotropic virus integration 1/, AF1q /ALL1-fused gene chromosome 1q/, PRAME /preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma/, WT1) have been found and further molecular markers (gene expression profiles and microRNA expression signatures) are studied and incorporated into clinical practice (Baldus & Bullinger, 2008; Bullinger & Valk, 2005; Bullinger 2006; Kohlmann et al, 2010; Marcucci et


The paper presents a new method applicable in deter- mining the settings of PI and PID controllers for models of controlled systems given by the following transfer functions G12(s) = b1s + b0 s 2 + a1s + a0


The purpose of this paper is to describe some recently developed techniques which have been found useful for dielectric measurements, primarily of liquids and gases.


The requirement of copper anode materials in advanced PCB manufacture process is described in this paper,the electrochemical performance of microcrystalline copper anodes with low phosphor is studied,main characters and the prospect future of microcrystalline copper anodes with low phosphor in advanced PCB and electron chip production are also described in detail.


INTRODUCTION
The diagnosis of amyloidosis is a four-step strategy requiring: 1) a high degree of suspicion, as the clinical presentation of the disease is very polymorphous; 2) the biochemical nature of the disease; 3) the evaluation of the disease spread and 4) how it evolves.

EXEGESIS
Simple and noninvasive biopsies usually make it possible to diagnose amyloidosis. Available treatments of generalized amyloidosis require an exact characterization of the nature of amyloid deposits, which is based on the clinical context, immunohistochemical analysis of amyloid deposits, and genetic testing.

CONCLUSION
Management of amyloidosis should be improved by better characterization of amyloid deposits. This would result in epidemiological data which are currently lacking.


New air-stable chelating diphosphine ligands, 1,8-bis(4-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)anthracene (2) and 1,8-bis(4-(diphenylphosphino)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)anthracene (3), were synthesized from readily available starting materials. The examination of their coordination modes in Pd(II) and Rh(I) complexes by means of 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis revealed that 2 is mainly a trans-coordinating ligand but can also adapt smaller coordination angles, while 3 is "purely" trans-spanning and no formation of identifiable cis-chelated complexes was detected. The catalytic activity of the new compounds was tested in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki−Heck reactions of aryl bromides with cyclohexene.


This study investigates grade 11 students' understanding of the function concept. To do that, the theoretical framework is based on the relationship between multiple representations and the use of the definition of function. The aim is to reveal students' ability to use the definition as they comment on the multiple representations of functions such as set correspondence diagrams, sets of ordered pairs, graphs and expressions. The sample of the study is 9 students in grade 11 in two schools in Adana, Turkey. These 9 students were selected among 114 grade 11 students in three different subjects groups (Mathematics, Turkish and Mathematics and Social subjects) on the basis of the results from the questionnaires. This study is mainly qualitative and the main data is obtained from the semistructured interviews with the 9 students. In these interviews, students were asked to decide whether the given representations are functions or not and they were also asked to transform a constant function to its other representations. The analysis of the interviews indicates that students' responses differ in the use of the definitional properties for various representations. Furthermore, students who can use the definitional properties for all representations can do transformations from one representation to the other more


The study was conducted to analyze the nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 14, Mx gene of seven Vietnamese indigenous chicken breedsL viz. Ac, Dong Tao, H'mong, Ho, Mia, Mong and Ri. The results revealed that the polymorphisms of exon 14 occured at two sites (2032 th and 2159 th ). The non-synonymous substitution A/G at nucleotide 2032 th of Mx gene was found in all of seven indigenous breeds used in this study. In the same breed, both of alleles A and G were present, however, allele A (viral resistance) was at a higher frequency than allele G (viral susceptiblity). Particularly, the allele A frequency of Ri and H'mong was highest among 7 breeds examined (80.91% and 74.04%, respectively). Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acids showed that 2032 A/G polymorphism altered amino acid substitution at site 631 of Mx protein of Asparagine (related to viral resistance) by Serine (lack of potent for viral resistance).


The usage of vehicles is increasing day by day. Most of the people disobeys the rules of traffic and may do the rash driving. Rash driving may be abrupt change in speed, continuous change in lane etc. Rash driving is most dangerous for people. If there is more number of vehicles moving on a road, then there is more possibility of accident. Now day's mobile phones are equipped with numerous sensors that can help to aid in safety enhancements for drivers on the road. There is lot of sensors used to detect the rash driving.These sensors are being discussed a in this survey. This paper provides a survey of various methods for analyzing driver behaviour.


Previous research has shown that social rank can influence the reinforcing effects of cocaine in monkeys (Morgan et al. 2002; Czoty et al. 2005). It has been hypothesized that dominant and subordinate monkeys represent a continuum from environmental enrichment to socially‐derived stress. Whereas social rank reflects a chronic condition, the effects of additional enrichment or stress on cocaine self‐administration (SA) has not been examined. The goal of these studies was to determine if sensitivity to cocaine reinforcement could be altered by acute presentation of environmental enrichment or stressors. Adult male dominant and subordinate cynomolgus monkeys self‐administered cocaine (0.003–0.1 mg/kg) under a concurrent schedule with 1‐g food pellets as the alternative; dose‐response curves were determined in single sessions. When SA was stable, one of two manipulations was performed prior to SA sessions: either the monkey was placed into a larger enclosure for 2 days or he was exposed to a toy snake for 10 min. Acute enrichment shifted the cocaine dose‐response curves to the right for all monkeys, while the acute stressor shifted the cocaine curves to the left only in subordinate monkeys. These results indicate that the model is sensitive to acute manipulations and that environmental enrichment impacts all monkeys, while the effects of stress are more prominent in subordinate monkeys. DA10584.


Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a very complex disease and despite the diagnostic criteria published in evidence-based guidelines in 2011, there are significant pitfalls in making an accurate diagnosis of IPF [1]. This has surfaced as a reason for the high rate of screen failures in recent prospective clinical trials for IPF [2–5]. Since epidemiological studies are simply based on data entered in medical records and health claim databases, and are not subject to validation by review of actual raw data by experienced experts and multidisciplinary discussions among experts in the field of interstitial lung disease, the reports of the incidence and prevalence of IPF can only be estimates of diagnosis made on assumptions and, thus, must be interpreted with caution. Indeed, tracking the true occurrence of IPF is challenging [6]. We must be mindful of the caveats of the methods used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of IPF http://ow.ly/MAa0306XRLp


The epididymis is a complex organ where spermatozoa acquire motility and ability to fertilize the egg. Epididymal maturation lasts 1 or 2 weeks and exposes the immature spermatozoa to a sequentially modified milieu, promoting intense interactions with secretions by the epididymal epithelium. Sperm surface modifications in response to interactions with epididymal secretions are key steps to achieve fertility ability. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that convert an immotile and infertile gamete into a highly motile cell capable of fusion with an oocyte are still unknown. Recent data on proteomics and transcriptomics of epididymal fluid and epididymosomes brought new ideas of the physiological roles of proteins and miRNAs in epididymal maturation in spermatozoa. This review focuses on the recent discoveries on epididymal fluid composition and its role on sperm maturation and preservation, linking to their survival and fertility potential.


The scanning electron microscope is used in an examination of the sporangia of 18 described and 3 undescribed species of Coelomomyces. As a possible aid to taxonomy, those species considered in this study are grouped into eight morphologically recognizable groups. The complementary use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in studies of this type is emphasized.


was virtually non-existent. Law, political science, and economics were assumed to encompass public administration, or perhaps it required only common sense. In the whole world there were only a few university programs leading to a public administration degree, and these were in the United States of America (1). Civil/public service systems did not provide any incentive for such education. Nor do many in this day. Until administration and management comprise a field of knowledge and competence reflected by governments in civil service systems, universities will lack


The rapid proliferation of fertigation in modern agriculture has brought about a growing demand for factory mixed fertilizer solutions, as well as wide-scale dissolution of solid fertilizers by farmers in the field. Rules of chemistry and physics control the rate of dissolution and, hence, the nutrient content in the fertilizer solution. Potassium chloride (KCl) is the cheapest potassium-containing fertilizer. Data concerning the dissolution of potassium chloride and other potassium sources are presented below. Introduction Fertigation is the application of solid or liquid mineral fertilizers via pressurized irrigation systems, creating nutrient-containing irrigation water. Although the practice of commercial fertigation started only in the mid 20th century, there is evidence that the concept of irrigation with dissolved nutrients in water was well known in the past. The first reported example dates back to ancient Athens (400 BC) where city sewage was used to irrigate tree groves (Young and Hargett, 1984). One of the major factors in promoting modern fertigation was the development of micro-irrigation systems (MIS) such as drip irrigation, jets and micro-sprinklers. Field experiments in Israel in the early 1960s showed that when localized sections of a field are irrigated, as in MIS, standard broadcasting of fertilizers is ineffective. The limited root zone and the reduced level of mineralization in the restricted wetted zone are the main reasons for the reduced nutrient availability to the plant. When this was recognized, fertigation was integrated in almost all MIS. Israel is an unmatched example of the use of fertilizers by fertigation. The Israeli farmer uses an average of 100, 55 and 75 kg/ha/y of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Over 50% of the N and P2O5 is applied by fertigation. Of the 33,000 tons used annually, approximately 10,000 tons are applied as clear liquid N-P-K, N-K or P-K solutions or soluble complex fertilizers, and another 5,000-10,000 tons are applied as solid KCl dissolved in the field. Fertigation is by far the most common, and in some cases the only, method of fertilizing in greenhouses, orchards, vegetables and drip irrigated field crops such as cotton, maize, jujube, etc. Various sources have shown the advantage of applying K through irrigation water. Potassium ions are adsorbed at the cation exchange sites of soil colloids, but it was shown that lateral and downward mobility of potassium occur


The strength and toughness of thermoset epoxy resins are generally mutually exclusive, as are the high performance and rapid recyclability. Experimentally determined mechanical strength values are usually much lower than their theoretical values. The preparation of thermoset epoxy resins with high modulus, high toughness, ultra-strong strength and highly efficient recyclability is still a large challenge. Here, we are the first to synthesize novel hyperbranched epoxy resins (Bn, n = 6, 12, 24) containing an imide structure by a thiol-ene click reaction. Bn shows an excellent comprehensive function in simultaneously improving the strength, modulus, toughness, low-temperature resistance and degradability of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA). All the mechanical properties first increase and then decrease with minimization of the free volume properties. The improvement is attributable to uniform molecular holes or free volume by a molecular mixture of linear and hyperbranched topological structures. The precise measurement and controllability of the molecular free volume properties of epoxy resins is first discovered, as well as the imide structure degradation of crosslinked epoxy resins. We have successfully resolved the two conflicts between strength and toughness and between high performance during service and high efficiency during degradation. These findings provide a route for designing ultra-strong, tough and recyclable thermoset epoxy resins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Fouteen 2-methyl-3-ethylcarboxy-5-aryl-3a,6a-dihydro-4,6-dioxopyrrolino(3',4'-d)-isoxazolinium-tetrachloroferrate derivatives 2a-2g and 2-methyl-3-carboxyl-5-aryl-3a,6a-dihydro-4,6-dioxopyrrolino(3',4'-d)-isoxazolinium-tetrachloroferrate derivatives 4a-4g were synthesized by using dimethylsulfate as a N-methylating reagent and ferric(III)-chloride as anion ex- change reagent in hydrochloric acid react with the corresponding isoxazoline 1a-1g or 3a-3g. The structures of the target compounds 2 and 4 were characterized by 1 H NMR, IR spectra and elemental analysis. The preliminary in vitro anticancer activity on the compounds were showed that most compounds possess anti-cancer activity at some extent. At the test concen- tration of 20 μg / mL, compounds 2a-2g and 4a-4g showed inhibition activities were in the range of 97.3 2 %~99.94 % and 97.45 %~99.92 % against Cdc25B (cell division cycle 25B) phosphatase, respectively. At the test concentration of 20 μg / mL, compounds 2a-2g and 4d-4g showed inhibition activities were in the range of 52.18 %~97.15 % and 86.66 %~99.45 %, re- spectively. That Compounds 4a-4c Only have the inhibition activities were in the range of 15.21~47.11 %, which is lower than IC50 against SH2-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1(SHP1). Preliminary discussion was carried out on the structure-activity relationship of the target compounds. Keyword carboxyl ; estergroup; N-methylisoxazolinium-tetrachloroferrate; synthesis; in vitro anti- cancer activity


Amateur astronomers sifting through NASA's public data uncovered a long-orbit gas giant that could help scientists understand how these planets form.


Abstract Objective: There are some indications of increasing incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Awareness of cognitive impairment in ALS has increased in recent years. We describe the epidemiology and clinical features of ALS in a county in northern Norway over a period of 15 years. Methods: All patients with motor neuron disease (MND) living in Nordland County in the period 2000–2015 were identified and the medical records were scrutinized. The average annual incidence was calculated for the whole period and for five-year periods. Prevalence point was 1 January 2015. Results: We identified 74 cases with MND. The crude point prevalence was 4.1 per 100,000. The average annual incidence was 2.1 per 100,000 for the whole period, 2.0 in the period 2000–2004, 2.3 in 2005–2009, and 2.0 in 2010–2014. All except one of the 22 patients with other forms of MND developed ALS during the course of the disease. The mean survival time was 38 months, patients with bulbar symptoms at diagnosis had a mean survival time of 29 months and those with solely spinal symptoms had a mean survival time of 50 months. Seven patients were diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Conclusion: The incidence was stable during the study period. Other forms of MND converts to clinical ALS given time. Survival time is almost two years shorter in patients with bulbar symptoms at the first examination, compared to those with solely symptoms from spinal muscles. FTD was found in 9% of the patients.


Abstract The upbeat, rock-like jàmá song genre has been ubiquitous in the popular culture of Ghana, especially over the last four decades. While the origin of the name 'jàmá' (also dzama, gyama or djama) remains a mystery, the music evokes characteristics of neo-traditional Ga music. The genre has become an official medium of musical expression for Ghanaian youths at present. Popular music artists like DJ Mic Smith and Gasmilla, the Ghanaian army and police, religious organisations such as Christian churches, and students in schools and colleges perform jàmá songs during social events, festivals, sports games, political rallies, marriage ceremonies, funerals and protest marches. The same jàmá song may be heard on different occasions, generating a myriad of meanings. This paper analyses selected jàmá songs, situates the song texts within their respective contexts, and illustrates the creative devices performers use to convey the meanings of songs in various settings.


The major challenge facing the portable computer industry is the development of cost-effective, low-power, full-screen, flat panel displays. Here is a technology that can help.


Galantamine (GAL) and other acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the main therapeutic agents used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. During the last years many GAL derivatives have been synthesized and tested in vitro for anti-AChE activity. Some of them showed activities significantly higher than the activity of GAL. In the present study, we examine the in vivo anti-AChE activity and the antioxidant properties of a novel potent AChE inhibitor with dual-site binding to the enzyme. The anti-AChE tests showed that although the novel inhibitor is a better binder to AChE in vitro than GAL, in vivo it performs worse. It crosses the blood-brain barrier easily by passive diffusion but might be too bulky to enter any of the active transport systems and this might be a reason for low brain bioavailability. The bulkiness of AChE inhibitors with dual-site binding leading to low brain bioavailabilty should be considered in the design of novel multi-target ligands for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.


The results of experiments on the thermal effect for tubes of different tapers are presented, and the effects of the tapering of the tube on the internal flow are shown. The results are summarized as follows: (1) With a tapered tube a higher temperature is obtained with smaller intervals of nozzle-tube spacings compared with the cylindrical tube. (2) With a tapered tube a higher frequency of flow oscillations and a shorter penetration length of contact surfaces which are considered to cause a higher temperature in the tube, together with stronger shock, are obtained (3) The velocity history at the open end is different for tubes with different tapers. When the taper is small, the amplitude of the velocity change becomes very small. (4) The pressure amplitude at the closed end becomes large for tubes with large tapers.


Six months after the famous Six Gallery poetry reading in 1955, Philip Whalen began working on "The Slop Barrel," a poem that is an interior examination of Mahāyāna Buddhist notions of impermanence, interdependence, and awakening. Giles argues that "The Slop Barrel" is an exploration of the Five Skandhas, or five aggregates of attachment, which collectively make up one's personality. The poet-narrator comes to recognize, as he moves from being trapped in the world of objects and concepts to reaching the other shore of liberation, that suffering lies not in the aggregates themselves, but in his lack of understanding of emptiness.


Vitamin B-12 is related to neurocognitive function in school-age children, yet sociodemographic and dietary correlates of vitamin B-12 status in this age group are not well characterized. The prevalences of vitamin B-12 or folate deficiencies in Colombia are unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 2800 low- and middle-income children aged 5–12 y from Bogota´'s public schools. Plasma vitamin B-12 and erythrocyte folate concentrations (mean 6 SD) were 327 6 106 pmol/L and 858 6 256 nmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency ( , 148 pmol/L) was 1.6% and the prevalence of marginal status (148–221 pmol/L) was 15.0%. Only 2 children had folate deficiency ( , 305 nmol/L). In multivariate analysis, mean vitamin B-12 concentrations significantly decreased with age and were 15 pmol/L higher in girls than boys (95%CI ¼ 8, 23). Vitamin B-12 was inversely related to the mother's parity and positively associated with the amount of money spent on food per person per day at home and the household's neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) classification. Folate concentrations were lower in girls than in boys and significantly increased with the household's SES. We identified 4 dietary patterns with principal components analysis of a FFQ in a random subsample ( n ¼ 972). Plasma vitamin B-12 was strongly, positively associated with a pattern that included frequent intake of beef, chicken, and dairy products in a dose-response manner ( P -trend, adjusted, ¼ 0.008). Low vitamin B-12 status is not negligible in Colombian school children and is associated with poverty and marginal intake of animal food sources. J. Nutr. 138: 1391–1398, 2008. univariate analyses, B-12 and erythrocyte folate concentrations (means 6 by of each determinant. significance of the associations between ordinal determinants and serostatus with the use of tests for trend. tests from linear generalized estimating equation (GEE) models in which vitamin B-12 or folate was the outcome and the determinant was a covariate representing the ordinal categories of the correlate, introduced as a continuous variable. For dichotomous determinants, we used the Wald test. We specified an exchangeable correlation in the models to account for within-household correla-tions the in B-12 or folate concentrations by categories of determinants by fitting multivariate models with the correlates that were significant in univariate analyses at P , 0.10. We retained in the models the determinants that remained associated with each outcome at P , 0.05 or were considered to be biologically relevant. CI were built around the adjusted differences with the use of robust variances, which do not rely on the multivariate normality assumption (22). The effect of clustering by negligible and was from the models for parsimony. All statistical tests were double-sided. A P -value of , 0.05 significant.


Network interactive translation teaching is guided by constructivism, highlighting the essence of translation teaching is interaction. As a popular instant messaging software, WeChat can quickly process and transmit the information obtained by different users. This paper builds a WeChat-based network interactive translation teaching model from WeChat's network interaction function, aiming to change the traditional translation teaching mode, improve communication teachers to students and students to students, and improve students' translation level and translation skills.


The article offers the brief historical excursion of legal institutionalization of civil society in USA. The article concludes that existent organizational forms and practices of activity of noncommercial sector are the result of combination between embedded traditions of philanthropy and civil engagement in American society and the state policy to support some directions of activity of non-profit sector. The American government made use of different tools to turn voluntary activity and philanthropy funds to major public spheres in various ages. Now the American society is in the process of permanent experimentation with the legal form and status of non-profit sector's organizations which would able to absorb advantages of all three major sectors: the state, the business and the society.


The water disaster of floor in coal mine is a difficult problem of production and scientific research. Coal mine workers and scientific-technological workers are very concerned about this problem.The pressure-bearing karst water of 5# limestone poses a threat to production of 8# coal seam. Combining with the method of water inrush coefficient and Kriging interpolation method analyze the possibility of water inrush. The water inrush coefficient contour map has good convexity, verisimilitude and smoothness. Results accord with actual situation and intuitively reflect the 8# coal seam floor water inrush risk .The water inrush coefficient in the actual mining area is not more than 0.1 MPa/m, but in the future and in mining regional the water inrush coefficient could be very big, so we need to take the necessary precautions.


Body's functions dynamic balance in changing conditions of its interaction with ambient environment basis for high performance, is achieved with coordination of autonomic nervous system's homeostatic activity with high efficiency of functioning the somatic system. The importance of early detected interconnected changes of life activity's temperature indicators in forecast of athletes physical efficiency was proven by experiment.


The success of biological permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) in treating contaminated ground water at the Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant in McGregor, TX, led to construction of a second PRB system comprising 7,000 feet of treatment trenches in 2004-2005. [For more information on the initial PRB system, see the February 2004 Technology News and Trends.] Each PRB system targets one of three contaminated ground-water plumes migrating within separate drainage areas toward drinking-water reservoirs that serve 500,000 people in central Texas. The treatment systems are designed to reduce the mass of commingled contaminants in the source area, prevent contamination from exfiltrating to surface water, remediate shallow ground water on offsite property within 15 years, and prevent further migration of contaminated ground water offsite.


This study used sodium glycinate as an absorbent to absorb CO2 in the bubble column scrubber under constant pH and temperature environments to obtain the operating range, CO2 loading, and mass transfer coefficient. For efficient experimentation, the Taguchi method is used for the experimental design. The process parameters are the pH, gas flow rate (Qg), liquid temperature (T), and absorbent concentration (CL). The effects of the parameters on the absorption efficiency, absorption rate, overall mass transfer coefficient, gas–liquid molar flow rate ratio, CO2 loading, and absorption factor are to be explored. The optimum operating conditions and the order of parameter importance are obtained using the signal/noise (S/N) ratio analysis, and the optimum operating conditions are further verified. The verification of the optimum values was also carried out. The order of parameter importance is pH > CL > Qg > T. Evidence in the 13CNMR (Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectra shows that the pH value has an effect on the solution composition, which affects both the absorption efficiency and mass transfer coefficient. There are 18 experiments for regeneration, where the operating temperature is 100–120 °C. The heat of regeneration was measured according to the thermodynamic data. The CO2 loading, the overall mass transfer, and the heats of regeneration correlation are also discussed in this work. Finally, an operating policy for the CO2 absorption process was confirmed.


Note presenting pressure distributions measured on a model helicopter rotor blade under hovering and simulated forward-flight conditions. Pressure were recorded at advance ratios of 0.10, 0.22, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 for a zero-offset flapping-hinge rotor and at 0.10, 0.22, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.0 for a lifting rotor with a flapping-hinge offset of 13 percent.


PURPOSE
To investigate the energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), and body weight changes of solely breastfeeding women during the first six months postpartum.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a prospective observational study of lactating women (n = 64). Three-day dietary records were filled in to assess EI. EE was calculated with a short physical activity questionnaire. Energy cost of milk production was not included in EE estimation.

RESULTS
Daily EI and EE for the six-month period was 2,000 Kcal and 1,870 Kcal, respectively. Women had a positive energy balance throughout the study period. Nevertheless, they had a significant weight loss of 0.7 kg/month by the first trimester of lactation, but a non-significant weight loss of 0.5 kg/month by the second trimester. Overall, women lost 86% of the weight gained during pregnancy.

CONCLUSION
Exclusively breastfeeding women manage to lose weight during the first six months postpartum as part of the natural process of energy cost of lactation.


Instrumentation for rapidly acquiring, storing, and processing laser Doppler velocimeter data is described. Electrical pulses having amplitudes that are inversely proportional to the Doppler frequencies are generated and then counted with a multichannel analyzer. Velocity distribution data may then be printed out, graphically displayed, or computer processed.


Autoreclosure is a piece of very important equipment that guarantee security operation of power line and improve reliability of power supply, so the autoreclosure is widely applied in transmission line. However, autoreclosure has not the ability to distinguish instantaneous faults and permanent faults presently. When autoreclosure recloses on permanent faults, there will be a severe harm to power system.The paper mainly research single-phase adaptive autoreclosure based on FNN,namely autoreclosure can distinguish instantaneous faults and permanent faults.


One of the actions of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), otherwise known as nitroglycerin, is initiating the relaxation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels to promote blood flow to various parts of the...


The effects of acoustic radiation stresses on the equilibrium shape of liquid drops have been studied through photographic data obtained with acoustically levitated liquids. The kR parameter was varied between 0.15 and 0.6 by changing the drop radius R while keeping the acoustic wavelength fixed (λ = 2π/k). The variations of the geometrical aspect ratios of the spheroidal drops with the acoustic pressure level were recorded using an ultrasonic levitator operating in air at 20 kHz and room temperature. Results obtained for water, glycerin, silicone oil, and molten metals have been analyzed and compared with the available theoretical treatment [P. L. Marston, S. E. LaPorto‐Arione, and G. L. Pullen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 1499–1501 (1981)]. A good agreement was obtained in the range of small kR values where the theory was applicable [Work supported by NASA.]


This paper collects the Internet data of 2013 related with Internet finance from several websites,and identifies key words by ICTCLAS,then analyses the co-word network by Bicomb based on key words co-occurrence.By the help of factor and cluster analysis, it studies the relationship between the key words then tracks the hot spots of Internet finace on the Internet.The analysis shows mobile payment,supervision,risk control and P2P network loan are focused in Internet finance field,Mobile payment,supervision,risk management become the hotspots at present.


Surface cleaning is an essential procedure to improve quality and performance of workpiece in modern industrial manufacturing. Among surface cleaning technologies, laser cleaning has been regarded as the most promising green cleaning technology. Laser cleaning is a green cleaning technology that will not cause any environmental pollution. Laser cleaning has the ability of cleaning the area of the designated shape. A set of laser cleaning system that consists of two-dimensional galvanometer and 3-axis motion platform, was designed in this paper. The two-dimensional galvanometer was used to clean the area of the specified shape. The 3-axis motion platform expands the limited cleaning area of the two-dimensional galvanometer to a larger area. Laser displacement sensor is utilized to ameliorate the cleaning quality. To improve the cleaning accuracy of the system proposed in this article, a camera was adopted to recognize the origin of the workpiece and correct the pose of the workpiece. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed system for large-scale plane workpiece.


The invention provides an application of a waterproof bridging agent in modified asphalt. The waterproof bridging agent accounts for 0.3-3% of the weight of a gooey in an asphalt-based waterproof material, one end of the waterproof bridging agent is combined with a C=C double bond, a hydroxyl group -OH and a carboxyl group -COOH in asphalt, and the other end of the waterproof bridging agent is combined with acid radicals generated after cement hydration, like a waterproof bridge is erected. The waterproof bridging agent can be used in a waterproof adhesive as a cross-linking agent to realize a chemical cross-linking effect between the waterproof adhesive and the base surface of cement, so the waterproof adhesive and cement base surface bonding force is increased, the bonding strength of the waterproof material and the base surface is improved, and the weatherability of the waterproof material is improved.


Abstract:This work builds upon Elizabeth Archuleta's (Yaqui) term "ethos of responsibility" by contextualizing it within the #NoDAPL movement and applies a cultural rhetorics methodology to constellate an understanding of an ethos of responsibility utilized by Indigenous women water protectors in the #NoDAPL movement, as seen in video-recorded interviews selected from the #NoDAPL digital archive. This study attempts to understand the rhetoric of Indigenous women water protectors through the lens of Indigenous feminism(s), Indigenous rhetoric(s), and Dakota/Lakota/Nakota history and worldviews. When speaking from an ethos of responsibility, the water protectors featured in this study locate agency in traditional teachings and in the experience of Indigenous women, including responsive care in/to the interconnectedness of life, the special role of women in the care of water, and the collective survival of Indigenous women in colonial and patriarchal violence.


Choosing Children, the publication of Jonathan Glover's 2004 Uehiro Lectures at the University of Oxford, is the natural successor to his far-sighted 1984 book, What Sort of People Should There Be? In it, Glover considers what restrictions should apply to our use of genetic interventions to choose what sort of children we have. A pervasive view is that such techniques are permissible to ensure that our children are born without inherited disabilities, but not to improve the capacities of healthy children. Following a careful examination of disability and human flourishing, Glover argues that this therapy-enhancement distinction is indefensible. Without this neat distinction to map the proper limits of our activity, he considers the future for genetic intervention. In the first of the book's three chapters, 'Disability and Genetic Choice', Glover asks what disability is; answer: a limitation of normal functioning which impairs the capacity for human flourishing. He then considers what flourishing involves, and the impact that disability can have on it, noting that different types of people flourish in different ways. This discussion is made vivid by several first-hand accounts of disability, which demonstrate that the effect of disability on a person's life is not always straightforwardly negative: many deaf people value their membership of the deaf community so highly that some deliberately aim to have a deaf child; and losing one's lifelong blindness in adulthood can be traumatic. Despite these considerations, Glover concludes that conditions like deafness and blindness are obstacles to flourishing, and that any desire disabled people have to embrace their disability is due to such factors as valued compensations, 'sour grapes', and lack of knowledge about what a disability-free life would be like. This conclusion is unsatisfactory, if intuitively attractive. Having conceded that what flourishing consists in can vary between people, Glover argues that deafness and blindness are obstacles to flourishing not just because they impair "safe navigation through the world" (p. 23), but also because the sufferer misses out on "a whole dimension of enriching experience". It is not clear, however, why such sensory experience is necessary for the flourishing of those who lack the capacity for it; and why benefits unique to deaf or blind people—such as membership of a certain community—should count as compensations rather than as important components of flourishing for them. Glover needs to demonstrate why an ability to see or hear is more fundamental to flourishing than other abilities that may be important to the flourishing of some people but not others, such as an ability to play a musical instrument. Glover then considers the use of antenatal screening and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to choose a child without inherited disability. Having rejected claims that such choices are comparable to Nazi eugenics, and that they necessarily embody a disrespect for disabled people, he questions in the Philosophical Books Vol. 49 No. 1 January 2008 pp. 76–81


The study on laser diode arrys sidepumping small sign Nd∶YLF laser amplifier is lntroduced in the paper. Correspondingly ideal pumping light utilizing efficiency and pumpfield distribution are obtained by this way. A small signal gain of 2.8 is obtained at 1053nm.


Abstract Far-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction Rietveld structure-refinement of synthetic kinoshitalite (Kn) solid solutions, BaMg3[(Al2-xGax)(Si2-yGey)]O10(OH,OD,F)2: (x = 0.0-2.0, y = 0.0-2.0), show that there is complete solid solution for all compositions in each (OH/OD)- and F-series: [4][Al2(Si2-yGey)]-, [4][(Al2-xGax)Si2]-, [4][Ga2(Si2-yGey)]-, [4][(Al2-xGax)Ge2]-Kn, and in OH/OD-for-F substituted [4](Al2Si2)-, [4](Ga2Si2)-, [4](Al2Ge2)-, [4](Ga2Ge2)-Kn end-member compositions. In the far-infrared region, 170-40 cm-1, three kind of bands are observed; an in-plane tetrahedral torsional mode, an interlayer Ba-Oinner stretching vibration and a Ba-Oouter stretching vibration. With increasing tetrahedral [4]Al-for-[4]Ga and Si-for-Ge substitution, the frequencies and intensities of the tetrahedral in-plane torsional bands decrease in both the (OH/OD)- and F-bearing phases, but in the [4](Al2Si2)-, [4](Ga2Si2)-, [4](Al2Ge2)-, [4](Ga2Ge2)-Kn end-member compositions, the frequencies are unaffected by (OH/OD)-for-F substitution. The frequencies of both the Ba-Oinner and Ba-Oouter stretching bands increase with increasing [4]Al-for-[4]Ga and Si-for-Ge substitution, but the frequencies of the Ba-Oinner stretching bands decrease with increasing (OH/OD)-for-F substitution in the [4](Al2Si2)-, [4](Ga2Si2)-, [4](Al2Ge2)-, [4](Ga2Ge2)-Kn end-member compositions. The frequency difference between the Ba-Oinner and Ba-Oouter stretching bands is linearly related to the tetrahedral rotation angles (α), and these differences are about 10 cm-1 larger in the (OH/OD)-bearing phases than in the corresponding F-bearing phases. The ranges of absorption frequencies and their corresponding deformation modes are as follows: (1) inplane tetrahedral torsional mode, 105-150 cm-1; (2) Ba-Oinner stretching vibration, 105-140 cm-1; and (3) Ba-Oouter stretching vibration, 75-90 cm-1.


Food nanotechnology has the potential to improve food safety and bio-security, food processing, food packaging and functional ingredients. Nano-encapsulation of active agents is an innovative concept to protect them against possible denaturation during processing and storage. The overall objective of the present work was to optimize and develop fluorescent labeling and encapsulation of nisin for molecular transfer study in different packaging based on biopolymers and in the food. Nanoencapsulation of nisin in different nanoliposomes by using continuous cell disruption system (CCDS) has provided an innovative method for nano-delivery systems fabrication. Incorporation of nisin in nano-emulsion form (encapsulated and free) can possibly be an effective approach to control pathogen without compromising the basic physico-chemical attributes of composite HPMC coatings. The fluorescently labeled nisin Z prepared had a molecular weight of 3717.3 Da. Confocal microscopic studies demonstrated the interaction of nisin with the bacterial membranes at the cell-division sites as possible mechanism of action against food borne pathogen. HPMC, CTS, SC and PLA packaging bio-membranes act as a reservoir and progressively release nisin to sustain a constant inhibitory effect. Choice of biopolymer is significant in providing requisite bioavailability of antimicrobial compounds at exterior surface and inside the food system. Based on the present study results, the emerging revolution concerning food safety through packaging possibly will rely on « 3-BIOs » blend with nanotechnology, which refers to Bioactive, Biodegradable and Bio-nanocomposite


The direction a person gazes while pondering a question has been shown to correlate with hemispheric activation. Verbal questions tend to elicit Lateral Eye Movements (LEMs) opposite the verbal hemisphere; nonverbal questions tend to elicit LEMs opposite the nonverbal hemisphere. Twenty-four right-handed male college students were observed for right, left or no LEMs via electrooculogram following verbal and nonverbal questions presented via slide projection and tape recording in a 2x2 factorial design. Results supported previous studies in that frequency of eye movement was greater for verbal than for spatial questions when they were presented via tape recording. There was no significant difference in the direction of LEMs following tape recorded verbal and spatial questions. Slide projected questions provided significantly stronger left LEM stimulation than tape recorded questions suggesting that visual presentation may enhance the effectiveness of questions in activating the right (nonverbal) brain hemisphere.


Objective To observe the levels of urinary TGFβ1 excretion among Type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients and the antifibrosis effect of Losartan in DN patients.Methods 33 Type 2 DN patients were selected.24-hour urine samples and fresh urine samples of patients pre-treatment and post-treatment were collected to measure urinary protein,creatinine excretion and urinary TGFβ1 excretion.Urinary TGFβ1 were determined by ELISA assay.Urine samples of 20 volunteers were measured as control.Results Compared with the control group,the total Urinary TGFβ1 excretion were significantly increased(P0.01).The levels of them were obviously descended after administration of Losartan.Obvious correlation between urinary TGFβ1 levels and proteinuria was found(P0.01).Conclusions Losartan has a significant antifibrosis effect on DN patients through the reduction of urinary TGFβ1 excretion.We speculate that the reduction of urinary TGFβ1 excretion may be a earlier event of remission of kidney disease than the decrease of proteinuria.


The invention discloses processing technology of a slide groove of a wrench blank head, comprising the following steps of: milling a groove the head of a wrench blank from top to bottom by a milling cutter with the radius not more than 25mm; processing the slide groove which extends along a transverse direction of the wrench blank head; milling an arc surface in the matched position of the interior of a fixing jaw and a movable jaw of a wrench; and slotting the arc surface by a slotting tool to process a needed inclined surface. The invention has the advantages of high precision on groove milling operation and ensures the movable jaw to smoothly and conveniently slide in the slide groove.


Traditional fossil fuels are considered to be largely responsible for the atmospheric environmental degradation. Biofuels can contribute to reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and to lowering greenhouse gas emissions due to aviation transport and can be considered as both renewable and sustainable energy sources. Indeed, biofuels are recognized as "net zero CO2 emission". In fact, carbon dioxide absorbed by plants during the growth of the biomass is roughly equivalent to the amount of carbon produced when the fuel is burned in a combustion engine – which is simply returning the CO2 to the atmosphere. This would allow the biofuel to be approximately carbon neutral over its life cycle. Thus the goal of this paper is to investigate the possibility to replace current aviation fuels with next generation biofuels. In particular, in the following, a comparative study of the bio-fuels flame speed, flame temperature ad emissions at different operative conditions with those of conventional fuels, has been performed. Results have actually shown that renewable fuels could play a critical role in pollutants abatement and for the next generation energy sources.


By vehicle presence detection and movement analysis on the monitored region based on video processing technology, a real-time robust detection method of vehicle queue and dissipation is proposed in this paper. With a duplex flexible window fused with the Haar feature based AdaBoost cascade classifiers, the method can efficiently track the position changes of the tail and head of a vehicle queue at intersection during evening rush hour, which accurately describes the formation and dissipation of the queue. Then, the queue length and stop delay of vehicles can be calculated. Experiments showed that our method can real-time track the formation and dissipation of the queue during the evening rush hour when the illumination varies greatly from light to dark, and that the accuracy rate is about 91.54%. Therefore, this method can be further applied to traffic congestion monitoring and traffic signal controlling.


A photoelectrochemical cell based on electron transfer quenching of the excited state Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)32+*, in which visible photolysis gives both O2 and an appreciable photocurrent is described.


The correlation between the microstructure and electrical properties of NiO-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (NiO-CGO) composites prepared by a one-step synthesis method is reported in the present work, and compared to conventional samples synthesized by mechanically mixing commercial powders. Samples sintered between 1350 and 1450 °C had their microstructures and electrical properties investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance spectroscopy. The total electrical conductivity in the range of 100 ‐ 500 °C of one-step composites is more than one order of magnitude higher than for conventional material. This result is associated to the presence of a network of well-connected and homogeneously distributed NiO grains shown by SEM for the one-step composite, which is responsible for its improved percolative behavior and lower activation energy (0.24 eV at 250 ‐ 650 °C).


A new study has found that omega-6 fatty acids can help prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and that dietary saturated fat increases the risk for CHD.


Fluid inclusions in barite and sulfide in chimneys (both active and inactive) from three hydrothermal sites of the back arc Lau basin were studied with microthermometric and isotopic methods to determine the chemistry and evolution of hydrothermal aqueous fluids. Strontium isotope compositions of sulfides from the Lau basin reflect the presence of anhydrite and barite inclusions. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of these two sulfate minerals vary from 0.7045 to 0.7078 and are interpreted as the result of mixing between various proportions of the hydrothermal end-member and pure seawater. The microthermometric study of fluid inclusions reveals that mixing with seawater involved different kinds of aqueous fluid end-members. A high-temperature Mg-depleted end-member of high salinity (≥5.5 wt % eq NaCl) was found at the Vai Lili site. A uncommon low-temperature Mg-rich end-member was also identified at the Hine Hina site in association with barite deposition. At the Vai Lili site, very low salinity fluids were produced in addition to a very saline brine (≥30 wt % NaCl) that was trapped inside anhydrite precipitated from an active vent at a temperature of 342°C. Oxygen isotope ratios of water inclusions range from 2‰ to 4.4‰ for chalcopyrite, barite, and sphalerite minerals. The 18O enrichment and the high salinities of many fluids from the Lau basin are accounted for by the specificity of the back arc setting. This non mid-ocean ridge setting is characterized by the shallow depth of the hydrothermal systems that allows frequent unmixing of high-temperature liquids. The abundance of silicic magmas also provided magmatic fluids (including brines) that mixed with seawater-derived aqueous fluids.


This study analyzed the development and growth of folksonomy by examining tags associated with 40 bestsellers on LibraryThing.com in 6-month intervals. It was found that tag values do not decrease but grow in terms of quantity and quality. Accordingly, we examined the major significances of the tags and their potential utilization as an expression of subjects. Our findings were as follows. First, the motivations for tagging can be categorized into personal information for search purposes, self-fulfillment such as sense of achievement, display of emotion and sharing of one`s experience with others, or an altruistic objective that emphasizes sociality with a desire that one`s actions might provide social benefits. According to our analysis, 74.12% of tags had a social motivation. Second, the total number of tags and the frequency of usage increased with time. Third, the categories that showed a high increase in tag usage were dates of publication and reading, key words, main characters, and book reviews. Tags related to subjects had the highest ratio. Fourth, among Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), multiple genres, key words and main characters were assigned to books, and specific key words and other properties were added as time progressed. There was also a slight increase in the number of tags consistent with LCSH. Fifth, we found that key tags could serve as a compilation of terms that reflects the knowledge base of the corresponding era. Thus, folksonomy should be continuously monitored for its quantitative and qualitative development of the tags to make improvements on its formative disadvantages, and identify internal semantic significance, be actively utilized in conjunction with taxonomy as a flexible compilation of terms that incorporate the history of a specific era.


In this study aims to determine the legal phenomena that arise as a result of the criminal justice system, as a reflection of the development of criminal law both at the theoretical and practical level. The findings in this research are based on two approaches namely the statute approach as an approach based on the rule of law and the conceptual approach based on the conceptual approach. There are 3 (three) findings of legal phenomena in this study, namely: first, the presence of a double track system in the criminal mechanism in Indonesia. Secondly, there is a phenomenon of paradigm shifting the character of punishment in Indonesia and third, re-measuring restorative justice in the form of diversion mechanism based on the perspective of utilitarianism. In principle, crime is always closely related to criminal sanctions, but in the double track criminal system is directed at criminal actions. On the other hand, the phenomenon of paradigm shift in the character of punishment occurs in the juvenile justice system, namely the approach to criminal responsibility is done by bargaining an agreement between the perpetrators, victims and community involvement. Furthermore, measuring restorative justice based on a utility perspective, this finding found coherence between restorative justice in the form of diversion and utilitarianism. Therefore, the overall legal phenomena above are some manifestations of the legal reality that is present in the criminal system in Indonesia.


A study was performed to investigate the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with a fluence rate model to determine ultraviolet (UV) sensor placement for a "set point" monitoring approach to UV reactor operation. Simulations were performed in a two-lamp closed conduit reactor using two fluence rate models: RADial line source integration (RAD-LSI) and multiple segment source summation (MSSS). In addition, simulations were performed assuming first order inactivation kinetics with two rate constants representing a high UV sensitive and a low UV sensitive microorganism. The optimal sensor location was determined by calculating the linearity of the reduction equivalent fluence (REF) as a function of the local fluence rate regardless of the UV transmissivity (UVT). Results showed that a small range of possible locations exist where the sensor can be placed to achieve a single REF for each fluence rate value. However, the predicted optimal location was a function of the selected fluence rate model ...


Introduction. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been performed since 1971; the use of detachable coils was introduced in 1992, results obtained with this procedure are similar to those obtained by surgical occlusion. Transcatheter closure of PDA avoids thoracotomy, decreased length of hospitalization and complications, and reduce expenses. Material and methods. From December 1999 to October 2000, 7 patients with PDA studied at Hospital General of Culiacan (a second level hospital) were managed using occluding spring coils. Results. Age varied from 6 months to 16 years, 6 patients were females; normal pulmonary artery tension was found in all cases. Aortic diameter ranged from 2 to 5.2 mm and an arterial catheter was used in all cases to implant the device. The closure was successfully achieved in all cases; patients are doing well after 2 to 10 months of follow-up. Conclusion. The transcatheter closure of PDA is a safe procedure that can be carried-out in a second level hospital; pediatric interventional cardiology offers several benefits to the patient and their families.