A fully dense SiC ceramic with high thermal conductivity was obtained by conventional hot pressing, with 1 vol% Y2O3–Sc2O3 additives. The ceramic had a bimodal microstructure consisting of large and small equiaxed SiC grains. Observation with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed two kinds of homophase (SiC/SiC) boundaries, that is crystallized and clean boundaries, and a fully crystallized junction phase. The thermal conductivity of the SiC ceramic was 234 W (m·K)−1 at room temperature. The high thermal conductivity was attributed to a clean SiC lattice and good contiguity between SiC grains.


Cerebral ischemia that leads to stroke is one of the major causes of disability and death in Finland and around the world. After sustaining ischemic damage due to lack of oxygen and glucose, cerebral tissue undergoes a complex timedependent cascade of heterogeneous histopathological changes. Following an ischemic attack, patients require fast and accurate diagnostic tools to characterize their cerebral tissue state upon hospital admission. New treatment methods for stroke are being discovered and are under investigation. Therefore, to select the most appropriate treatment method for each patient a thorough overview of the ischemic tissue status is needed. Furthermore, in experimental studies a way to accurately predict tissue damage without intervention gives an opportunity to study and compare new treatment modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method to assess local changes in tissue water during ischemia. Several different MRI contrasts can be exploited to assess blood flow and perfusion, diffusion of water and changes in the water molecule environment. These biophysical and pathological changes give information about the state and progression of ischemic damage in tissue. However, each of these MRI contrasts only tells about one aspect of the complex dynamic changes that are happening during ischemia. Multiple MRI techniques in combination must be applied to attain a better overview of the status of the brain tissue. Furthermore, a significant difference in measured lesion sizes can be seen when using diffusion and perfusion MRI during early stages of acute ischemia. This highlights the difference of the contrasts as they have very different and specific temporal evolution. This discrepancy in the projected lesion size is considered the area of transition from viable to irreparably damaged tissue; an area, where changes are happening, but that can be reversed or stopped with a timely intervention. This is an important target to recognize for treatment planning to maximize the benefit and minimize the side effects of a therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to study acute brain ischemia in rats with advanced MRI techniques with a view to increase the understanding of changes in tissue water. We investigated the dynamic changes in MRI parameters in ischemic brain during hyperacute ischemia. Apart from the established MRI contrasts diffusion, perfusion and T2 and T1 relaxation times also more novel contrasts were utilized, such as rotating frame contrasts T and T and amide proton transfer ratio (APTR) contrasts. The rotating frame contrast techniques probe the molecular motion and the different molecular environments during stroke. APTR is connected with pH and can be used to image the changes in the acidity relating to the energy state of the tissue. The MRI parameters were measured at multiple time points to assess the temporal evolution of ischemia. This multiparametric MRI approach provided complementary information from different aspects of the ischemic pathway. Partially due to the high socio-economical impact of stroke there is active research both to prevent conditions that lead to an increased risk of stroke and to find new treatment methods to prevent further injury during ischemia. This also creates incentive to investigate more accurate methods to assess the state of stroke and the effectiveness of novel pharmaceuticals. This work demonstrated that multiparametric MRI has the potential to accurately assess and predict ischemic damage. With optimization of the imaging protocols MRI can be an indispensable tool both in pre-clinical and clinical stroke imaging. National Library of Medicine Classification: WL 355, WL 302, WN 185 Medical Subject Headings: Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnosis; Stroke/diagnosis; Brain Ischemia/diagnosis; Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis; Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnosis; Diagnostic Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Blood Circulation; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Hypoxia, Brain/diagnosis; Water; Lactic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Disease Models, Animal; Rose Bengal; Rats After spending hundreds of hours working with a pile of data ending up with only one or two small pictures and disregarding 95% of the analysis. It gives a perspective to the old saying: It is the journey not the goal.


ABSTRACT Although a winner–loser gap in political support is present in most democracies, in some countries losers are more content than in others. Earlier research has demonstrated that formal institutional arrangements may affect the size of the gap. In this article, we argue that the quality and performance of institutions are more important than type of institutional arrangements when it comes to the size of the winner–loser gap. A well-functioning democracy on the input-side of the political system and high quality of government on the output-side significantly narrows the gap in support between electoral winners and losers in European democracies.


Weathered heterogeneous siliciclastic rocks are ubiquitous in the Walloon Region. This study first aims to characterize and secondly to map the weathered rocks, the characterization remaining an essential step of the mapping work. Firstly the characterization was performed on the Ardennian Allochthonous (Ardenne Anticlinorium and Dinant Synclinorium) and the Brabant Parautochthonous (Brabant Massif). Based on macroscopic observations, classification of weathering degrees of alterites is proposed. The mineralogy (XRD, thin section) and the geochemistry (major elements, trace elements, REE) of the studied sites are quite consistent with these categories. The evolutions of clay parageneses and Vogt's weathering index (1927) provide representative results of the weathering degree at the regional scale. The dated alterites do confirm the presence of five weathering periods in the Walloon Region: Permian-Triassic, Early Cretaceous, "middle" Cretaceous, Paleocene-Eocene and Miocene. Within these periods, the weathering is induced during favorable phases. A chronological model of saprolitisation is proposed for the Walloon Region: a relationship between weathering phases, climate and relative sea-level changes is suggested. Secondly the knowledge acquired by the characterization of the weathering profiles in the Walloon Region facilitates the mapping of the weathered rocks in the Haute-Lesse area. The tools and methods tested in this work show several advantages and disadvantages for the mapping of weathered siliciclastic rocks. Those selected allow a distinction between the different types of alterites. A methodology based on the airborne radiometry to map the weathered heterogeneous siliciclastic rocks at the regional scale is developed. Confirming the uplift of the Ardennes, the airborne radiometry is a suitable tool for geomorphology. The mapping of weathered rocks in the Walloon Region would be useful through a field survey on topographic maps at the 1/10.000 scale. The explanatory notes would supply the link between the weathering profiles characterization and their mapping. The weathering processes in the Walloon Region are fairly uniform from one site to another. On the other hand, the results of weathering processes on different lithologies are different in intensity and thickness. A preliminary characterization study of the weathered rocks in the Walloon Region is required for mapping, regardless of the scale and accuracy.


This research note provides a unique empirical corroboration of the spatial interdependencies—between prisons and cities—suggested by the critical incarceration literature. Specifically, this research note examines the spatial structure of imprisonment in terms of distances and population flows between prisons and cities. It draws on Georgia Department of Corrections prison admission records, 1990-2006, and analyzes these records using gravity model and principal components analysis approaches. The principal findings are that: (1) prisoners are generally held great distances from their homes; and (2) that prison population flows in the Georgia case are spatially structured by the state's urban geography.


Spectra are measured for neutrons from decay of isobaric analog resonances in the reactions /sup 109/Ag(p,n)/sup 109/Cd and /sup 115/In(p,n)/sup 115/Sn. Resonances were studied at proton energies E/sub IAR/=6.665 MeV and 6.965 MeV, corresponding to excitation of analog states in the /sup 110/Cd nucleus, and also at proton energies E/sub IAR/= 6.92 MeV and 7.43 MeV corresponding to analog states in /sup 116/Sn. The results show that the shapes of the spectra at resonance and off resonance are different.


The total scattering rate and the transition probability for electron‐phonon interaction in 1‐D and 2‐D semiconductor materials are calculated in taking into account the finite dimensions of the structure. Although noticeable, size effects on the scattering rate are generally small, with more pronounced features for 1‐D structures than for 2‐D structures. For 2‐D layers, our theory agrees with recent experimental results whereas it contradicts the previous theory predicting large size effects and mass‐independent electron‐phonon scattering rates. In 1‐D structures singularities in the phonon emission rate appear as a natural consequence of the 1‐D density of states. However, for high energy the 1‐D emission rate is found smaller than the corresponding 3‐D rate. An additional consequence of the confinement is the quenching of the phonon absorption rate.


An electric motor-adjustable supporting device for upholstery of a seat and / or reclining furniture, in particular a mattress of a bed, has at least two relatively adjustable support parts 6 to 12, wherein at least one supporting part 8 thereof for adjusting an adjusting element is associated with the with an electric motor 54 a drive unit 18 is drivingly connected. According to the invention the adjusting member is a positioning lever 70, 76 which is openable under the pulling action of the traction cable of a Bowden cable 44th


Traded forms of spice and spice powders are often subjected to admixing with inferior substances by design or default, affecting public health and national prestige. Cinnamomum verum (true cinnamon), a high-value spice, is often adulterated with its inferior species such as C. cassia and C. malabatrum. The presence and detection of the spurious species in traded barks (whole or powder) of true cinnamon is posing problems. DNA markers are now used to detect such adulteration. Here we report the application of a DNA barcoding method to detect these adulterants in traded market samples of true cinnamon using the barcoding loci rbcL, matK and psbA-trnH. The PCR success rate, sequencing efficiency, inter and intra specific divergence, and occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were utilized to assess the potential of each barcode loci to authenticate C. verum from its related adulterants. The amplification and sequencing success was 100% for rbcL and psbA-trnH while matK failed to amplify in the market samples. The locus of rbcL showed higher interspecific divergence while psbA-trnH exhibited lower interspecific divergence. SNPs specific to C. cassia were detected in rbcL locus in seven out of the ten market samples studied thereby confirming the presence of C. cassia adulteration in commercial samples of true cinnamon. Out of the three loci, rbcL locus proved to be efficient in tracing out adulterants in traded cinnamon. The SNP sites in this locus can be exploited in designing C. cassia specific primers, enabling kit development for easy detection of adulterants at the band level itself thereby bypassing the cost of sequencing.


Selepa celtis is the main pest attacking longan.The bionomics of selepa celtis on longan was observed at different constant temperature.The pest was found to have 5 generations annually in Putian,Fujian province and mainly in the third and fourth generations which caused damage accordant with summer and autumn shoots sprouting periods.Control effect of selepa celtis was significantly different among 1% avermectin,25% benzoylphenal urea Ⅲ,90% dipterex and 20% fenalerate under laboratory conditions.The lethal time of avermectin and benzoylphenal urea Ⅲ was longer than dipterex and fenalerate.


Quasi-Experimental study was administered to guage the capability of educational education on PMS among reproductive age women in selected rural areas, Kollam, Kerala. Data was collected from 50 women living in Peruru Village, Kollam. Significance findings within the pretest revealed that a majority (84%) has inadequate knowledge and (10%) has moderate knowledge and (6%) had adequate knowledge on various aspects of PMS. After providing learning significant knowledge was gained which reveals 82% of girls gained adequate knowledge while 14% of girls gained moderate knowledge and 4% of girls gained inadequate knowledge on PMS. The t-value is 28.706, which is statistically significant at 0.01 levels. The conclusion suggests that the learning when imparted to women on PMS can bring improvement in their knowledge and cause the adoption of preventive practices against PMS


Malnutrition has a high incidence among patients hospitalized to PICUs. It has a major impact on a child's outcome, including death, morbidity, and
length of ICU stay.1, 2, 3 However various studies have found that the actual delivery of enteral nutrition is less as compared to what is needed due
to lack of feeding protocols, delay in initiation and stopping enteral nutrition in case of a procedure or an untoward event.4 Covid 19 pandemic has
increased both underweight and obesity. Henceforth, our study is conducted in critically ill pediatric patients to evaluate their nutritional needs and
the transition of critically ill pediatric patients from partial or total parental nutrition to various forms of enteral nutrition. Along with the nutritional
survey, the study also evaluates the change in anthropometric indices of pediatric patients after their PICU stay and co-relation with enteral
nutrition. Finally the results were segregated to nd the outcome of these patients in our tertiary level Pediatric Intensive Care Unit based in
teaching institute of Western Maharashtra. There is scarcity of literature in nutrition in pediatric critical care in India. This study aims to study the
incidence of nutrition in pediatric intensive care units and measures to increase nutrition and their impact on outcome.


The effects of nitrogen on HMW-GS accumulation,GMP and protein contents of Yangmai 13 are studied with the subunits "2+12" as test materials.The results show that nitrogen amount and ratio do not change HMW-GS components but raise its accumulation,and the effect of nitrogen on grain protein and GMP contents of Yangmai 13 is through the accumulation of HMW-GS.With the increase of nitrogen amount,HMW-GS accumulation,GMP and protein contents,and dry-glutenin content increase correspondingly,but the increase amounts differ among varieties with different HMW-GS subunits.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Information Technology MARKKU MÄKITALO: Optimization of polynomial and rational variancestabilizing transformations Master of Science Thesis, 62 pages May 2015 Major: Signal Processing Examiner: Alessandro Foi


This paper describes the pitch tracking techniques using autocorrelation method and AMDF (Average Magnitude Difference Function) method involving the preprocessing and the extraction of pitch pattern. It also presents the implementation and the basic experiments and discussions.


EPR in EuB6 samples of widely separated electron density has been studied above the Curie temperature at X band. In bulk samples, narrow signals at g = 2.000 ± 0.002 have been observed and attributed to conduction electrons that are strongly coupled to the Eu2+ moments. The EPR behavior of the Eu2+ resonance is unusual in both bulk and low-electron-density samples. At temperatures high enough to avoid critical spin fluctuations, i.e. high temperatures, the exchange field increases linearly with temperature. Below 21 K, the Eu2+ resonance splits into two lines, and the splitting increases with decreasing temperature, with the low-field line being considerably more intense than the high-field line, which is unobservable near 10 K. Several models for the exchange interaction between the Eu2+ moments are examined, and it is found that to a good approximation the RKKY interaction can account for the magnitude of the exchange field at high temperatures in bulk EuB6, and probably also low-electron-density EuB6, but that another interaction, quite possibly the BR interaction, makes the dominant contribution to the temperature dependence of the high-temperature exchange field. The BR model can also account for the measured Weiss constant at high temperatures, but the RKKY model fails to predict the correct low-temperature magnetic behavior. The splitting of the Eu2+ resonance, which cannot be attributed to crystalline-electric-field effects, may result from a magnetic transition, possibly involving magnetic-polaron formation.

Des spectres RPE a X-bande ont ete etudies dans les echantillons de EuB6 ayant des densites electroniques tres variees, au-dessus de la temperature Curie. Raies etroites a g = 2,000 ± 0,002 ont ete observees dans les echantillons massifs et elles sont attribuees aux electrons de conduction qui sont fortement couples aux moments de Eu2+. La RPE de Eu2+ se comporte dans un facon exceptionnelle dans les echantillons massifs et dans les echantillons de densite electronique basse. Aux temperatures suffisamment hautes pour eviter les fluctuations critiques de spin, le champ d'echange augmente lineairement avec la temperature. Au-dessous de 21 K, la RPE de Eu2+ se partage en deux, et le partage augmente comme la temperature decroit. La ligne a bas champ est considerablement plus intense que la ligne a haut champ, qui devient imperceptible pres de 10 K. Plusieurs modeles pour l'interaction d'echange entre les moments de Eu2+ sont examines, et on a constate que d'une bonne approximation l'interaction RKKY peut expliquer aux temperatures hautes la grandeur du champ d'echange dans EuB6 massif, et probablement dans EuB6 de densite electronique basse. Neanmoins une autre interaction (probablement I'interaction BR) fait la contribution dominante a la dependence du champ d'echange de la temperature, pour les temperatures hautes. Le modele BR peut expliquer aussi la constante Weiss aux temperatures hautes, mais le modele RKKY faillit a preire correctement la tenue magnetique a basse temperature. Le partage de la RPE de Eu2+, qui ne peut pas ětre attribue aux effects du champ electrique cristallin, peut resulter d'un transition magnetique, probablement entrainant la formation du polaron magnetique.


Manipal College of Nursing Manipal v ABSTRACT A research study entitled "Antihypertensive treatment: impact of multi-modal interventions on medication non-adherence" was carried out at Manipal University, Manipal by Ms Melita Sheilini for the award of PhD Nursing degree. The study was carried out in two phases. The primary objective of the first phase of the study was to find out the proportion of nonadherents to anti-hypertensives and, the second phase aimed to find out the impact of multi-modal interventions on adherence, Quality of Life (QOL), knowledge on hypertension (HTN), self-efficacy and clinical outcome among the subjects in experimental and control group at baseline, three and six months. The conceptual framework for the study was based on the Mary Jayne & Johnson's Medication Adherence Model (2002). Cross-sectional survey design was used for conducting the phase I as it aimed at finding out the proportion of non-adherents to anti-hypertensives and experimental design using Randomized Controlled Trial was adopted for phase II since, the study sought to evaluate the impact of multi-modal interventions on adherence, QOL, knowledge on HTN, self-efficacy and clinical outcome among the elderly hypertensives. The experimental group received the multimodal interventions developed during phase 1 and the control group received the routine care. Both the groups were followed up at baseline, three and six months. The tools used for data collection were Tool 1 Background information with Part A: Demographic proforma, Part B: Clinical proforma and Part C: Scale on life style practices; Tool 2 Scale on factors influencing adherence; Tool 3 Structured knowledge questionnaire on Hypertension; Tool 4 Revised Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (MASES-R); Tool 5 Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8); Tool 6 -


SRM wants to publish a Special Issue on "Recent Methodological Advances in Panel Data Collection, Analysis, and Application". This call for papers expands on the papers searched and the policies used.


national settings was higher than they expected, the novels were "culturally generic with the characters' ethnicity used only for descriptive purposes rather than functioning to depict insights about the culture or cultural practice" (p. 566). Like Cart (2010), Koss and Teale (2009) found that "the majority of international countries and characters portrayed were white and European" (p. 569). The authors conclude that,


This paper presents a proposal based on indicators t measure the pressure brought by tourism on the economy and the environment in beach resorts in Ecu ador in order to support decision making to minimiz e the negative impacts of the activity. The first chapter sets the framework for research a nd presents the general context of Salinas as a stu dy area characterized by seasonal tourism and overcrow ding. It defines the basic concepts that direct res earch to analyze their interaction as a whole. The second chapter presents examples of destinations where to urism is controlled by information derived from technical indicators. The three destinations: Kangaroo Islan d i Australia, Andalusia in Spain and Goa in India have developed different methodologies for determining their tourism indicators, which, after a comparative anal ysis, serve as reference for developing the system used in this study. Chapter three examines the pressure of tourism in S alinas. It is first diagnosed as a beach resorts, a nd then the economic and environmental impacts generat ed by tourism in Salinas are identified as well as the causes of theses impacts to determine areas and the focus of study. From this classification the indic ators for the study area and other beach resorts in Ecuador a re proposed. The final chapter presents the manual and its imple entation in Salinas. Based on case studies from th e second chapter a system to minimize the negative im pacts of tourism on beach resorts is designed. The system consists of six steps, the first four (A, B, C and D) are related to the process of establishing indic ators of pressure (manual), while the others (steps E and F) , correspond to the application of indicators and u se of their results in the minimization of impacts. Final ly, indicators are applied to the resort. The infor mation is then synthesized for a comparative analysis with An dalucía, which highlights the similarities and diff erences between the two destinations. The final results are an accurate approximation to the reality of touris m in Salinas. This information can guide those responsib le for the resort to adapt measures that mitigate t h negative impacts caused by tourism.


Towards a process-based theory of organizational design - can organizations be designed around value chains and networks?, Daniel R. Denison creating knowledge in the process organization, Ikujiro Nonaka and Kazuo Ichijo a phraseologic view of organizational learning, Georg von Krogh and Johan Roos what could phrases do? Anjali Sastri on the distinction between know-how, know-what and know-why, Raghu Garud the importance of know-when, Charlene Nichols-Nixon collective memory as fact and artefact - cultural and political elements of memory in organizations, Andrea Casey dualities of memory, Mary Ann Glynn making sense of improvizations, Andrea Casey jazzing up the theory of organizational improvement, Mary Jo Hatch social learning and the fundamental paradox of transaction cost economics, Margaret Peteraf and Mark Shanley social learning and transaction cost economics, Edward A. Snyder strategies of learning and industry structure - the evolution of networks in biotechnology, Kenneth W. Koput, Laurel Smith-Doerr, and Walter W. Powell recipes for alliance, Gail James competition, imitation and innovation - an organizational learning approach, Stephen J. Mezias and Alan B. Eisner modelling strategic behaviour, James O. Huff strategic sensemaking - learning through scanning, interpretation, action and performance, James B. Thomas, Dennis A. Gioia and David J. Ketchen, Jr the nuances of learning, Kathleen M. Sutcliffe integrating strategy and organizational learning - a theory of action perspective, David R. Schwandt the applicability of Parsonian Theory to management, Paula Phillips-Carson and Kerry D. Carson.


[Objective]Observation of the efficacy of traditional chinese medicine treatments of rheumatoid arthritis.[Methods]The 87 cases were randomly divided into treatment group 44 and the control group 43 people. I warm acupuncture treatment group with oral administration of traditional chinese medicine decoction. The control group I of oral methotrexate,Sulfasalazine and Voltaren.Observed after treatment of 90d Section 2 efficacy and adverse reactions.[Results]The treatment group was 84.09%.The control group was 81.40% (P 0.05).No significant difference.Adverse reaction treatment group 22.73% were less than the control group 53.49%.[Conclusion]Chinese medicine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using the same method can achieve a better effect.And fewer adverse reactions and low cost.


There is strong complementarity to wind,photovoltaic and pumped storage plant in time and space. By the three joint operation,reasonablecapacity of wind /pv /pumped storage can not onlyeffectively reduce benefit lose from the wind and pv generation of intermittency and stochastic,but also improve the grid's given for wind and pv. Here,the theory mathematical model and solving method for the wind /pv /pumped storage hybrid system cooperation are overall presented in detail,and also points out its existing problems.


The islets of Langerhans are a heterogeneous mixture of endocrine (hormone‐secreting) cells in the mammalian pancreas. Of particular interest are the β‐cells responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin in response to increased blood glucose. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune‐mediated destruction of β‐cells, resulting in an inability to produce and release insulin in response to changing glucose levels and subsequent reliance on daily insulin injections. There is currently no cure for T1D. The bromodomain and extra‐terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, comprised of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, are a druggable family of proteins that can be targeted by pan‐BET bromodomain inhibitors (BETi), including the small molecule (+)‐JQ1. Recent studies have shown that targeting the BET family of proteins with BETi may prevent and treat T1D. However, the systemic use of current generation BETi is associated with off‐target, adverse effects including fatigue, gastrointestinal toxicity and memory loss. Since any treatment for T1D would be widely used in a pediatric patient population, avoiding off‐target effects is imperative. Here, we propose to ameliorate the off‐target effects of BET bromodomain inhibition by targeting BETi directly to pancreatic β‐cells. To achieve this, we exploited the high concentration of Zn2+ ions (~20 mM) present in β‐cells relative to other cells in the body. We report the synthesis of a novel, zinc‐chelating analogue of (+)‐JQ1, [(+)‐JQ1‐DPA], in which the BETi (+)‐JQ1 was conjugated, via an ethylenediamine linker, to dipicolyl amine (DPA). DPA chelates Zn2+ and thus enables (+)‐JQ1 to accumulate in β‐cells. As control compounds we also synthesized (+)‐JQ1‐DBA, a non‐zinc‐chelating analogue of (+)‐JQ1‐DPA, in which (+)‐JQ1 was conjugated to dibenzyl amine (DBA) and (‐)‐JQ1‐DPA, a zinc‐chelating compound that is inactive as a BETi. Molecular modeling and biophysical assays showed that (+)‐JQ1‐DPA and (+)‐JQ1‐DBA, but not (‐)‐JQ1‐DPA, retain binding to both bromodomains of BRD4 in vitro. Cellular assays demonstrated that (+)‐JQ1‐DPA retains efficacy; in particular, (+)‐JQ1‐DPA, attenuated the expression of NF‐ĸB target genes in β‐cells stimulated with the pro‐inflammatory cytokine, IL‐1β, a model for β‐cell destruction. Finally, using islets isolated from the INS1Cre; ROSA26mTmG mouse, an established mouse model that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein in insulin‐positive cells and mTomato in insulin‐negative cells, we demonstrated that (+)‐JQ1‐DPA affects gene transcription in pancreatic β‐cells but not in other pancreatic cell types. In conclusion, we have synthesized a zinc‐chelating analogue of (+)‐JQ1 that is selectively active in pancreatic β‐cells over other islet cell types, including macrophages and α‐cells.


This paper analyzes the equipments of the main operation objects of our navy force,introduces the present status and the future development trend of the United State Space information system,and respectively expounds the threats of the air operation flatform and the sea operation flatform that our navy force will face with,analyzes some shipborne early warning aircraft system,shipborne air fleet of aircraft carrier,destroyer fleet,etc.threat objects of Japan and the US,finally presents some corresponding measures of our navy force in the future war.


Vehicular networks are drawing the attention of both research community and automotive industry because they provide intelligent transportation systems as well as drivers and passengers' assistant services. However, the industrialization of such networks faces a number of challenges, in particular, the high cost of the infrastructure to deploy. To overcome this problem, an effective solution is to rely on cooperative vehicle-to-vehicle communication to minimize the deployed infrastructure. Because a large number of cooperative vehicle-to-vehicle applications are broadcasting by nature, we proposed an efficient dissemination protocol: Road-Oriented Dissemination (ROD). ROD consists in two modules: (i) Optimized Distance Defer Transfer Module and (ii) Store-and-Forward Module. We compare our protocol with other dissemination protocols and analyze its performance by simulations, on-road tests and analytically. Performance study shows interesting results of ROD compared with the other existing solutions. ROD is able to provide a low end-to-end delay, high delivery ratios, and a minimum bandwidth usage because only a limited number of vehicles are involved in the broadcast scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There exists some misunderstanding of knowledge and methodology in college-level vocal music teaching, such as teaching students to be expert singers, theorizing about teaching, blindly pursuing high pitch, overemphasizing techniques rather than art, going in for grandiose and foreign, and instructor centeredness. The problems are principally produced by selfish departmentalism in theory and teachers' egoism in practice. Vocal music teachers should alter their viewpoint, be practical, reinforce students' basic skills as well as artistic accomplishment so as to get out of the trap and achieve the goal of vocal music education.


Along with the rapid development of information technology and supporting several aspects of life, the increase in the use of information technology is directly proportional to the risk of cyber security so that it can cause losses in the form of data theft, data loss/damage, and obstruction of information flow. In handling information technology security. CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Team) is an organization or team responsible for receiving, reviewing, and responding to cyber security incident reports and activities. However, since CSIRT was established, the current CSIRT service in Indonesia has not changed much from when it was first launched, only technology and some cyber security attack and defense techniques have changed but the management principles are considered to remain the same. This study aims to analyze the role and services of CSIRT in Indonesia to deal with the threat of cyber-attacks using the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) framework. The results of this study are recommendations by mapping the results of research against the FIRST framework so that 10 recommendations can be obtained for the implementation of CSIRT services in Indonesia.


HE Hall effect thruster's (HETs) combination of high specific impulse, efficiency, and thrust density has increased its popularity for use as spacecraft propulsion. Currently, the widespread use of HETs is hindered by the limited understanding of plume interaction with the spacecraft. This situation is complicated by the wide rage of probe designs and test facilities used for HET investigations. This Note reports on two nude Faraday probes of differing design that are used simultaneously to measure the ion current density of a 5-kW Hall thruster. The results show that both probes measure similar thruster plume profiles over the range of angular positions investigated for all operating conditions, with small differences between the ion current density profiles of the probes attributed to material selection. Moreover, both probes measure the highest ion current density near thruster centerline at the highest facility operating pressure. A combination of charge-exchange collisions and vacuum chamber gas ingestion into the thruster is believed to cause this phenomenon. Experimental Apparatus


Suicidal ideation and behaviour among nursing home and long-term care (LTC) residents is of growing concern internationally. The study by Temkin-Greener and colleagues represents the first study of suicidal ideation in US nursing homes using existing national-level assessment data from the Minimum Data Set (MDS 3.0), and is also one of the few studies to examine the relationship between organisational level factors and suicidal ideation and behaviour among LTC residents in the US since the early 1990's (1, 2). Thus, it adds an important contribution to the expanding international knowledge base on suicidal behaviours among nursing home and LTC residents (3, 4).


This paper presents a general integral method of solving the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation in a semi-infinite region with constant or variable thermal conductivity. The method is based upon the general framework of the orthonormal method of integral relations, with a modified procedure for obtaining the integral relations. In addition, a technique for obtaining the necessary initial conditions for the integral relations is proposed instead of the usual practice of using similarity solutions. The main advantages of the present method over most existing integral methods are its generality and controlled accuracy, as demonstrated by the numerical results obtained herein. Comparisons with available exact solutions are generally good.


Significance Inflammation is a key process accompanying cardiovascular disease. Reducing inflammation is therefore an important therapeutic option. We provide evidence, that Na+ and Ca2+ modulation regulate the inflammatory response. Reducing intracellular Na+ pharmacologically using the drug ranolazine reduced the influx of Ca2+ during inflammation and thereby reduced the cellular production of inflammatory mediators. Similarly, reduction of extracellular Na+ and knockdown of a Na+–Ca2+ exchanger led to reduced inflammation. Our in vitro finding translated to in vivo experiments as ranolazine treatment led to reduced atherosclerotic plaque growth, increased plaque stability, and diminished inflammation in a mouse model. Finally, we were able to observe the antiinflammatory effect of Na+ modulation in human patients, demonstrating that inflammation was reduced after treatment with ranolazine.


Objective: To study optimum inclusion process conditions for volatile oils from Herba Schizonepetae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Methods : The grinding method was compared with the saturated water solution method by determining the ultilization ratio of volatile oil from both herbs. The optimum preparation conditions were investigated by the orthogonal design. The quality of inclusion compound of volatile oil before and after being included were analyzed by TLC. Results : The optimum preparation conditions for inclusion were established as follow ultilization β-CD and oil was 8∶ 1, The proportion of water and β-cyclodextrin was 4∶1 (g:mL), and inclusing time up to three hours, The ultilization ratio of oil was 87.1% . Conclusion : The grinding method is better than the saturated water solution method. The method is applicable.


In this paper,the properties of 4 typical brasses are studied experimentally,the causes of common surface defects brought about by the heat treatment are analyzed and the countermeasures are proposed,the subzero hardening of H62 brass is studied experimentally,which results show that this technology can be used for producing the precise brass products and has good potential economic value.


Background Overexpression of RRM1 and RRM2 has been associated with gemcitabine resistance. BRCA1 overexpression increases sensitivity to paclitaxel and docetaxel. We have retrospectively examined the effect of RRM1, RRM2 and BRCA1 expression on outcome to gemcitabine plus docetaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methodology and Principal Findings Tumor samples were collected from 102 chemotherapy-naïve advanced NSCLC patients treated with gemcitabine plus docetaxel as part of a randomized trial. RRM1, RRM2 and BRCA1 mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative PCR and correlated with response, time to progression and survival. As BRCA1 levels increased, the probability of response increased (Odds Ratio [OR], 1.09: p = 0.01) and the risk of progression decreased (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; p = 0.36). As RRM1 and RRM2 levels increased, the probability of response decreased (RRM1: OR, 0.97; p = 0.82; RRM2: OR, 0.94; p<0.0001) and the risk of progression increased (RRM1: HR, 1.02; p = 0.001; RRM2: HR, 1.005; p = 0.01). An interaction observed between BRCA1 and RRM1 allowed patients to be classified in three risk groups according to combinations of gene expression levels, with times to progression of 10.13, 4.17 and 2.30 months (p = 0.001). Low BRCA1 expression was the only factor significantly associated with longer time to progression in 31 patients receiving cisplatin-based second-line therapy. Conclusions The mRNA expression of BRCA1, RRM1 and RRM2 is potentially a useful tool for selecting NSCLC patients for individualized chemotherapy and warrants further investigation in prospective studies.


Arterial blood flow was estimated using digital subtraction roentgen-densitometry in a model of the cervical arteries. The best results were obtained with two sampling windows calculating the mean passage time using the line of gravity of the contrast bolus. Mechanical contrast injection created a systematic error by acceleration. This procedure was then used for examining five patients. Quantitative blood flow measurements required knowledge of the transverse vessel area. This was determined by high resolution sonography. Blood flow was calculated as the product of cross-sectional area and mainstream velocity.


Based on observations in chemistry learning activities in SMA Negeri 1 Dawarblandong Mojokerto, that is used traditional method, which is boring enough. In this method, the teachers deliver material from textbooks and sometimes do practice. The opinion of students that chemistry is a difficult subject because it contains elusive theories. They would feel tense in chemical lesson. This makes the material presented by their teachers can not be fully accepted. Then the effect of their study were low. To overcome these problems, the use of video as media (VCD) is expected to be one of the strategies in the teaching of chemistry for the learning process more fun. It is expected the learning objectives will be achieved and will increase student learning outcomes.The study design using Quasi Experiment. This study is divided into two stages, they are the pre-experiment and experiment level. The data collection method used was observation for direct observation of the implementation process of learning chemistry with video as media and test methods for students. The results of the observation of the process of implementing the use of video as media was 78%, which is in good category level. of The t-test result is 9.216 with freedom degree (d.b) 33, 5% of confidence level is 2.021. So there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest results. Means the use of video as media (VCD) brings effective influence. Thus the hypothesis in this study is acceptable.


This article discusses the transitory stage between the minimum and the maximum of the torque, which corresponds to an inflection point on the torque curve (called point G). The unplastified compound of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) (Polanwil S-61) was processed in various temperatures between 150 and 200°C, by rotors speeds in the range from 5 to 40 min−1. The progress of gelation was estimated basing on DSC thermograms and on the rheological measurements, which were realized by means of specially constructed MFR apparatus. The morphological changes of processed compound were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that a general description of gelation progress demand both, the microscopic observation as well DSC and MFR measurements. More significant advancement of gelation, as observed by SEM, was achieved by lower shear rates. However, it may be stated that by reaching an inflection point on the torque curve, the PVC compound may not be treated as a polymer where the gelation process was completed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3688–3693, 2007


SUMMARY

The recognition and localization of magmatic fluids are pre-requisites for evaluating the volcano hazard of the highly urbanized area of Mt Vesuvius. Here we show evidence and constraints for the volumetric estimation of magmatic fluids underneath this sleeping volcano. We use Receiver Functions for teleseismic data recorded at a temporary broad-band station installed on the volcano to constrain the S-wave velocity structure in the crust. Receiver Functions are analysed and inverted using the Neighbourhood Algorithm approach. The 1-D S-velocity profile is jointly interpreted and discussed with a new Vp and Vp/Vs image obtained by applying double difference tomographic techniques to local earthquakes. Seismologic data define the geometry of an axial, cylindrical high Vp, high Vs body consisting of a shallow solidified materials, probably the remnants of the caldera, and ultramafic rocks paving the crustal magma chamber. Between these two anomalies, we find a small region where the shear wave velocity drops, revealing the presence of magma at relatively shallow depths. The volume of fluids (30 km3) is sufficient to contribute future explosive eruptions.


A novel dual-wideband antenna is designed for circular polarization (CP) diversity in this communication. It consists of a horseshoe-shaped slot, two <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shaped radiators, and two ports. The working principle of the horseshoe-shaped slot is half-wavelength slot mode, and the working principle of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shaped radiator is quarter-wavelength monopole mode. The slot mode is applied to produce two lower CP resonant frequencies of two bands and the monopole mode are used to generate two upper CP resonant frequencies of two bands. By narrowing these two modes of two bands, a dual-wideband CP antenna can be designed easily. When port 1 is excited and port 2 is matched, this antenna radiates left-hand CP wave at lower band and right-hand CP wave at upper band at the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$+ \textit {z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-direction. When exchanging the excited and matched ports, the radiation is reversed. The measured impedance bandwidths (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11} < -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) are 113% (0.7–2.52 GHz) and 60.2% (3.47–6.46 GHz). The measured 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths are 72.5% (1.17–2.5 GHz) and 56% (3.52–6.26 GHz). The isolation between the two ports is better than 15 dB.


In this paper we prove the unique identifiability, module the natural obstruction, for the Calder\'{o}n problem for quasilinear anisotropic conductivities in two dimensions from the associated Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. We reduce the problem to the isotropic case using isothermal coordinates. For this case, we prove the result by using the method of higher order linearization and Bukhgeim's CGO solutions.


By introducing a new order on the class of subsets of an m-dimensional positive Euclid space,the concepts of(pseudo-) convergence,(pseudo-) almost everywhere convergence of sequence of measurable functions in the set-valued fuzzy measure,propeties of PS and PS′are discussed in the set-valued fuzzy measure space.Then the mutual relationship between pseudo-convergence and(pseudo-) almost everywhere convergence in the set-valued fuzzy measure were studied,and Lebesgue theorem and Riesz theorem are obtained.


Objective To observe the curative effects of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment on oral lichen planus.Methods 60 patients were divided into two groups,the experiment group adopted combined treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine,spreaded nincontoral intra-mouth mastic and cod liver oil and given compound lichen planus tablet(a kind of huoxuehuayu drugs) and stomatitis lotion;the control group used the Western medicine above mentioned.Results The effective rates of short-term effects(1month) and long-term effects(1year) in the experiment group were 93.33%、 57.14%;in the control group were 56.67%(P0.01)、 5.88%(P0.01);the recurrence rate of one year were 29.41%、 87.50%(P0.01)respectively.There was significant difference between two group curative effects.Conclusions Compared with simple western medicine treatment,combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment on oral lichen planus has better curative effect and less recurrence.


This article studies the strong conical hull intersection property (strong CHIP) for a general (possibly infinite) system of convex sets in normed linear spaces. The first part of the article presents necessary and sufficient conditions for strong CHIP in terms of tangent cones and feasible direction cones in the primal space, and reveals some differences between strong CHIP for finite and infinite systems. The second part of the paper proves that strong CHIP has the segment extension property, i.e. if strong CHIP is satisfied at some 'base points' then it can be extended from the base points along line segments to the entire set. Thus, the verification effort of strong CHIP can be greatly reduced in many cases. For example, if the intersection set is a translated cone, then strong CHIP at the vertex ensures strong CHIP for the entire cone. In the special case of Euclidean space, strong CHIP at the extreme points of the intersection set ensures strong CHIP for the entire intersection.


Despite a voluminous literature, learned helplessness continues to generate controversy, as demonstrated by the present exchange in this journal. One reason for this controversy may be confusion over fundamental theoretical and methodological issues created by a number of learned helplessness research traditions, which partly overlap and partly do not. In this paper, I identify and discuss these research traditions. Failure to distinguish among them has created confusion about (1) the meaning of learned helplessness; (2) how to operationalize it; (3) how to regard its explanation; and (4) how to evaluate its empirical investigation.


The aim of this review is to summarize studies investigating subjective and psychological well‐being in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).


Being the actor responsible for indicating when certain limits are exceeded, as for producing mobilizations that translate those expectations, the consumer takes for himself wide political, social and environmental questions submitted to the choices of lifestyle and consumption he takes. Which are the limits of what is considered ethical or not in terms of consumption? Who determines and qualifies the most adequate choices when we live in a world where consuming is being able to choose freely?


Compact spectrographs at high/medium resolution are challenging due to their multimoded nature. Multimode photonics techniques such as photonic lanterns enable compact photonic diffraction-limited spectroscopy in astronomy for the first time, while maintaining collection efficiency.


Current anti-HIV drugs are plagued by problems with development of resistance. Reports at the 4th Annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections proposed various ways to use protease inhibitor-containing combinations to build a high enough genetic barrier against HIV breakthrough. Two studies confirmed that potent highly active antiretroviral therapy combination therapies can be beneficial even to people with advanced AIDS and with extensive past exposure to anti-HIV therapy. While nelfinavir has shown itself to be a respectable protease inhibitor, optimum dosage questions still persist and the issue of cross-resistance is a concern. Abbott laboratories revealed its new protease inhibitor ABT-378. ABT-378 is highly active against HIV, even more so than ritonavir. Toxicity information about ABT-378 or what drug levels to use to avoid resistance are not known. Two studies that achieved some success in HIV treatment by combining protease inhibitors are also reported. Currently, there are 12 possible double protease inhibitor combinations using the three protease inhibitors on the market and nelfinavir. However, while ritonavir works with saquinavir and possibly ABT-378, there may be interference between protease inhibitors because they compete for the same binding sites on HIV protease, thus weakening the overall effect to less than the sum of their individual effects.


Abstract— The action spectrum for the induction of bulb formation in Allium cepa L. was determined by continuous irradiation with monochromatic light for 3 h in the middle of the daily light period of the inductive photoperiod (18 h). The resultant action spectrum showed a single peak at 714 nm. Daily 3 h dark interruptions in the middle of inductive long photoperiods do not permit bulb formation. Bulb formation was inhibited also by monochromatic far red light (758 nm) applied at the beginning of the 3 h dark interruptions. The results of dichromatic irradiations indicate that phytochrome is the only photoreceptor involved in the photoperiodic regulation of bulbing in onion plants. The effect of far red light exhibits the characteristics (action spectrum and fluence rate dependency) of a classical "HIR" response.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the meaning of a good death mentioned in Korean culture. Methods: This study was carried out using Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis strategy. A review of the literature was done with key words related to good death and other relevant words in literature published in English or Korean. The literature search was conducted from 1995 to 2016 for overseas and from 2000 to 2016 for domestic. The final selection target was 44 pieces. Each document was divided into 7 disciplines, including 25 domestic documents. Results: Three dimensions and seven attributes were identified; 1) The preparation stage for death: living well, preparation for dying, 2) The final stage of death: avoiding meaningless extension of life, dignity, comfort and interaction with healthcare providers, 3) The post death stage: positive feeling of families. Antecedent to good death were dying persons, families and healthcare providers' wishes for good death, The consequences were their experience during the period of dying and feeling after dying. Conclusion: There was a change in the concept of good death according to the times. It is important for nurses to understand the concept of good death in order to provide care with good quality to patients who are faced with death, their families and healthcare providers.


This article considers successful appeals against sentence from the Crown Court to the Court of Appeal 1996–2002. After weighting for caseload volume it became apparent that there was a wide range in the success rates between courts; also variation in the rate of reduction of incarceration. Within this framework individual (unnamed) judges were considered. The typical judge had one appeal against sentence upheld against him during the six years, but 45 had between one per year and eight per year. The impact of these judges on their courts' appeal rate was analysed. Comparison was made between 'severe' judges and other judges in relation to four types of offence. Attention is drawn to the problem of information and monitoring of this aspect of judicial practice.


Grounds on ethics in psychotherapy. There are a number of overseas contri butors, giving a broader perspective. The contributors are predominately psychia trists, but there are contributions from clinical psychology, occupational therapy, social work, nursing, law and the clergy. There is strong emphasis on the importance of multi-disciplinary team work. Art therapy, drama therapy, music therapy and dance movement therapy are all reviewed. The book focuses on two broad aspects of forensic psychotherapy: theory and practice. Many of the chapters provide a detailed account of the therapeutic process and the practical issues involved in therapy. A variety of theoretical perspectives are presented and discussed; these chapters are of variable quality. Any comprehensive and authoritative book on therapy needs to discuss the setting in which the treatment occurs as well as its effectiveness. The book focuses mainly on treatment in institutional settings rather than out-patient treatment. This is its main weakness. Another limitation is that there is no review of research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy with offen ders apart from one excellent chapter (Evans, Carlyle & Dolan) which discusses some of these issues. Nor is there a discussion on the types of patient for whom psychotherapy might be effective. Despite the possible importance of feelings of shame and guilt there is little discussion of these concepts in relation to offending behaviour or in the willingness and ability of offenders to talk about their offending. Shame inhibits people from talking whereas guilt makes them want to talk. A chapter by Gilligan on shame focuses on how ridiculing people can cause them to become violent. A chapter by Treurniet on †̃¿ Murderousguilt' consists of a case study where murder is hypothesised to have resulted from feelings of guilt. There is little discussion of the way in which offenders attribute blame and responsibility for their criminal acts and the importance of this issue in psychotherapy and rehabilita tion. Overall, this is an important book which merits a place in a departmental library.


Parasitic habit plants arouse great interest for their extraordinary growth adaptations and produce different secondary metabolites that allow them to survive the extreme conditions in which they develop. This can provide a range of compounds with multiple uses. However, those plants have been poorly explored and there is very little information about their natural compounds, some healing properties attributed to several communities have been scientifically supported. Articles were consulted in databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus) considering the biological activity reported until June 2021. Parasitic plants present mainly antibacterial activity, some species antifungal moderate activity, and to a lesser extent were found reports of antiprotozoal activity. The composition of parasitic plants should continue to be investigated, which could be an alternative to combat various microorganisms that cause diseases, even resistant to traditional medicines.


The author works with water and the patterns of its motion as elements of sculptural form. By simple mechanical means she constructs an interaction involving moving water, external light sources and reflective surfaces. This produces the effect of intense multiple images. Her objective is an environment that encourages interaction between the viewer and the work—a work where, in addition to being reflected, the viewer can be reflective.


Aligning your finance function to your business strategy will help you to develop a foundation for your company's long-term growth plan.


The construction industry attempts to produce buildings with the least possible environmental impact. However, construction activities still greatly impacting the environment; therefore, it is necessary to consider a sustainable project approach, based on its performance. Sustainability is an important issue to consider in design, due to environmental concerns and economic and social issues, promoting the architectural quality and economic advantages. This paper aims to identify the phases that a design project should pass through, emphasising the importance and ability of earlier ones to influence the level of sustainability, performance and life cost over project life. Then one intends to select a set of sustainability indicators, based on a pre-set list, predicting its adaptability to the conceptual and pre-design phases under steel buildings. The output of this paper is aimed to aid the development of a tool/concepts that would enable designers to compare and evaluate the consequences of different design solutions, based on preliminary data and facilitate the collaboration between various partners and client and eventually yield a sustainable and high performance building through its life cycle. Concepts and Methods for Steel Intensive Building Projects


On the basis of hole rock powder samples and geological drilling data for years in Dexing Copper Mine,principles of grid have been applied to solve the problem of coordinates conflict of inconsistent datas.The datas are associated together to build a model of deposit blast hole in Tongchang.On this basis,mine production decisions are more scientific and production efficiency is improved.


Prestack time Kirchhoff migration has been known to be a flexible method to image 3D seismic data. It has traditionally used the straight ray assumption to compute the travel-times. With our new method, we can analytically estimate the travel-times for V(z) and VTI (transverse isotropy with vertical symmetry axis) media. In addition, we also calculate the appropriate amplitude weighting factors to preserve the relative amplitudes after migration. To include ray bending, the earth is assumed to consist of horizontal layers, i.e. V(z) media, so that the velocity profile used to calculate the travel-times is simply a function of depth or time. Because ray-bending and VTI are considered, the takeoff and emergence angles for shots and receivers could be calculated accurately compared to those obtained assuming straight rays. Thus, the amplitude correction terms of the operator can be determined using these takeoff and emergence angles to preserve the relative amplitudes. The algorithm is robust in the presence of irregular recording geometries and therefore lends itself well to its application on most modern seismic marine, OBS and land surveys. The migration tests results for model and real data demonstrate that our proposed traveltime equation and the amplitude weighting scheme produce better imaging results than those obtained with the straight ray migration.


A theory of trade-offs to explain why we age has spurred 50 years of interdisciplinary research in evolution and molecular genetics.


This article will start with a brief analysis of Marx's and Engels' The Communist Manifesto as a work on the travails of reason: not least, on the competition between enlightenment and mystification in the era of the commodity. It will then explore some new thoughts on domination from the late work of Derrida, The Spectres of Marx (1995) in which the philosopher joins the critique of the triumphalist "end of history". Evoking the ghost of Hamlet's father that embodied image of the call of conscience and of the times being out of joint Derrida summons up the ghost of Marx as a witness to the confusion of our new times. Once more, as Marx had insisted in the Manifesto, there is unfinished business haunting Europe. This time, the hauntings are those of the 20 million unemployed in the new Europe of financial integration. In the wake of Derrida's book, however, there are no extended analyses of the economic or social character of the debt or the new unemployment. Rather there has been liberated an arcane, fin de siecle fascination with phantoms, phantasmagoria and all manner of illusory beliefs, the roots of which can be found in Derrida's analysis itself, with its curious confusion of genres, scientific, linguistic and literary. Hence explanation of the irrational is replaced by a tabooed luxuriance within it, often supported by opportunistic uses of current developments in physics and maths. Intending to mount a deconstructive extension of reason, Derrida's book has succeeded only in letting loose a flood of sub-scholarly speculations about the occult that we might entitle "the new spiritualism".


OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of 32P intertissue injection on advanced head and neck cancer. METHODS Eight patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with 32P injection into the tumors according to the size of the cancer as determined by CT scan. RESULTS Local tumors were controlled evidently and the pain of the patients were alleviated. The survival periods of the 8 cases ranged from 3 to 18 months (average 14.2 months). CONCLUSION 32P intertissue injection offer an useful method for patients with advanced head and neck cancer .


This study has proved that the diophantine equation y(y+1)(y+2)(y+3)=nx(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)has no positive integral solution(x,y),when n=4p2k,p is an odd prime number,and is a positive integer.


Failure analysis (FA) is one of the key competencies in Intel. It enables very rapid achievement of world class manufacturing standards, resulting in excellent microprocessor time-to-market performance. This paper discusses the evolution of FA techniques from one generation of microprocessors to another. According to Moore's law, transistor count doubles as transistor dimensions are reduced in half every 18 months, allowing for more complex microprocessor architecture designs. For example the Intel486DXTM microprocessor had 1.2 million transistors while the Pentium® microprocessor contains 3.1 million transistors. With rapid technological advances such as more complex microprocessor architecture, an increasing number of interconnect layers, and flip-chip packaging technology for products like the Pentium® and Pentium® II microprocessors, conventional FA techniques, in use since the Intel386DXTM processor generation, are no longer effective. These conventional techniques require in-depth knowledge of the processor's architecture, and they involve exhaustive e-beam probing work, which typically results in very long FA throughput times. Other traditional defect localization techniques, such as emission microscopy from the frontside of the die, are also becoming less successful due to the increased number of metal interconnect layers that obscure local circuitry. This paper provides insight into FA techniques that have been adopted at Intel. It discusses the evolution of software fault isolation techniques based on Design For Testability (DFT) features, and other special FA techniques. In this paper, we will discuss these techniques and show how they are effectively used to produce fast FA support turnaround for both silicon debug and manufacturing. We will also review their technical merits and return on investment, as well as the cost of each technique to Intel. The main focus of this paper is electrical fault isolation techniques, as opposed to physical defect localization techniques such as liquid crystal analysis and emission microscopy. In the context of this paper, Fault Localization and Fault Isolation (FI) are synonymous. These are defined as the task of electrically isolating the location of a defect in logical space. Another approach, termed Defect Localization, refers to the task of isolating the location of a defect in physical space.


The microstructure and electrical properties of nonalloyed epitaxial Au‐Ge contacts were studied. Ohmic behavior was obtained after a 3 h anneal at 320 °C with the lowest average contact resistance and specific contact resistivity found to be ∼0.28 Ω mm and ∼7×10−6 Ω cm2, respectively. Localized reactions in the form of islands were observed across the surface of the contact after annealing and were composed of Au, Ge, and As, as determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) imaging and Auger depth profiling. Back side SIMS profiles indicate deep Ge and Au diffusion into the GaAs substrate in the island regions. Ohmic contact behavior was found to depend upon both the kinetics of the reactions (localized reactions and island growth) and the thermodynamics (substantial diffusion of both Au and Ge) of the system. A model describing the coupled Au and Ge in‐diffusion with respect to the GaAs substrate is presented.


In the contexts of normal cardiac development in humans, the capability of mitosis is restricted to the intrauterine phase and a brief postnatal period. But various findings indicate that the final number of muscle cells may be increased by physiological and pathological stimuli which affect the heart also during adulthood. 1-3 The aim of this study is to determine variation in the capability of mitosis in hypertrophic myocardial fibrocells (HCM) using an image analyzer. We examined 4 cases of HCM and 5 controls. Samples were taken from the free walls of the atria, right and left ventricular free walls, and the ventricular septum, fixed in 10% forrnalin buffer and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5 prn thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin by the Feulgen procedure. Densitometric tests were performed on the sections with a VIDAS image analyzer (Zeiss-Kontron) and DNA content (integrated optical density) and nuclear area of rnyocytes were evaluated. An average of 300 well-defined coplanar fibrocells were evaluated from hypertrophic myocardial areas. This method is particularly suitable because of the stechiometric binding with nuclear DNA. Integrated Optical Density (IOD) was evaluated in nuclei arranged in longitudinal sections. Ploidy was expressed as DNA index = ratio between peak DNA content of myocardial nuclei analyzed and peak reference lymphocytes. DNA index = 1 corresponds to diploidy, DNA index f 1 to aneuploidy. The results of our investigation are expressed as mean values and relative standard deviation. The level of p < 0.05 was selected as being statistically significant. We used the variance analysis test (F-test) to show the difference between the mean values observed compared with controls. Densitometric analysis showed an aneuploid content of the triploid type, indicating an increased cell proliferation, an expression of hyperplasia. The factors that induce hyperplasia in HCM are not yet known. The increase of nuclear area of myocytes, confirmed by nuclear duplication, which is particularly evident in the septum and in the ventricle walls, seems to result from the presence of hypertrophy of myocardial fibrocells. Cytometric analysis of normal heart myocardial biopsy samples has shown the presence of polypolidization in the nuclei with HCM while fibroblast and endothe-


We study experimentally the nonlinear properties of fishnet metamaterials infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals and find that moderate laser powers result in significant changes of the optical transmission of the composite structures. We also show that the nonlinear response of our structure can be further tuned with a bias electric field, enabling the realization of electrically tunable nonlinear metamaterials.


When Bilateral driving glass cutter drive motor motion is not synchronized,the platform will produce deflecting vibration of moving parts,leading to a dynamic motion and positioning errors,which impacts the glass workpiece machining quality and precision. A rigid coupling simulation is modeled to achieve a bilateral driving glass cutter platform,using dynamic simulation software ADAMS to analyze the dynamic error for the driving conditions of the moving parts of asynchronous simulation,which provides a theoretical basis for bilateral driving glass cutter platform.


Consider two independent Markov chains having states 0, 1, and identical transition probabilities. At each stage one of the chains is observed, and a reward equal to the observed state is earned. Assuming prior probabilities on the initial states of the chains it is shown that the myopic policy that always chooses to observe the chain most likely to be in state 1 stochastically maximizes the sequence of rewards earned in each period.


Robots are slowly moving from factories to mines, construction sites, public places and homes. This new type of robot or robotized working machine – field and service robots (FSR) – should be capable of performing different kinds of tasks in unstructured changing environments, not only among humans but through continuous interaction with humans. The main requirements for an FSR are mobility, advanced perception capabilities, high "intelligence" and easy interaction with humans. Although mobility and perception capabilities are no longer bottlenecks, they can nevertheless still be greatly improved. The main bottlenecks are intelligence and the human robot interface (HRI). Despite huge efforts in "artificial intelligence" research, the robots and computers are still very "stupid" and there are no major advancements on the horizon. This emphasizes the importance of the HRI. In the subtasks, where high-level cognition or intelligence is needed, the robot has to ask for help from the operator. In addition to task commands and supervision, the HRI has to provide the possibility of exchanging information about the task and environment through continuous dialogue and even methods for direct teleoperation. The thesis describes the development from teleoperation to service robot interfaces and analyses the usability aspects of both teleoperation/telepresence systems and robot interfaces based on high-level cognitive interaction. The analogue in the development of teleoperation interfaces and HRIs is also pointed out. The teleoperation and telepresence interfaces are studied on the basis of a set of experiments in which the different enhancement-level telepresence systems were tested in different tasks of a driving type. The study is concluded by comparing the usability aspects and the feeling of presence in a telepresence system. HRIs are studied with an experimental service robot WorkPartner. Different kinds of direct teleoperation, dialogue and spatial information interfaces are presented and tested. The concepts of cognitive interface and common presence are presented. Finally, the usability aspects of a human service robot interface are discussed and evaluated.


Two levels of non-refractory (V and Ti) and refractory (Mo, Nb and Ta) alloying elements were added to Co-9Al-10W ternary alloy (at.%, baseline alloy) in order to investigate alloying effects on phase equilibria, microstructural features of γ' phase and secondary phases at 1300°C and 900°C, respectively. It is suggested that refractory alloying additions promoted the precipitation of the μ phase at 1300°C. The phase equilibria changed from γ single-phase region in the baseline alloy to γ+μ two-phase region in quaternary alloys containing high levels of refractory alloying elements (4 at.%) at 1300°C. The μ phase was enriched in W, Mo, Nb and Ta, but depleted in Al, V and Ti. For quaternary alloys with low levels of alloying additions (2 at.%), the γ/γ' two-phase microstructure was observed after aging treatment at 900°C for 50h and 300h, but small amounts of the plate-like DO19 phase precipitated in the matrix of 2Mo and 2Nb alloys. The volume fractions of the γ' phase were at very high level in the range of 74% to 83% in all these experimental alloys. Compared with the baseline alloy, alloying additions did not show the strong effect on γ' morphology, which remained cuboidal after long term aging except Mo addition. For quaternary alloys with high levels of alloying additions after aging at 900°C, the DO19 phase precipitated in addition to γ and γ' phases, as well as the blocky μ phase inherited from the precipitation at 1300°C. There were two types of the DO19 phase: one was plate-like and precipitated in the matrix; the other was blocky and transformed from the previous μ phase. Again, refractory alloying additions (Mo, Nb and Ta) promoted phase transformation for both types of the DO19 phase. The current study is helpful to understand phase equilibria and microstructure in Co-Al-W-base alloys and further develop multi-component γ'-strengthened Co-base superalloys.


Abstract We show that the nilpotency of the metacyclic subgroups of a hypercyclic group implies the hypercentrality of the whole group. We also construct a center-free metabelian group all of whose polycyclic subgroups are abelian.


Tasks expected of Britain's Armed Forces in the next millennium are likely to require levels of responsiveness, flexibility, efficiency and information flow barely envisaged just a few years ago. Since the end of the cold war, defence posture has changed significantly, now seeing far greater mobility, dispersion of forces and the impact of smart weapon technology. Operations are likely to involve greater coalition with a variety of allies, driving interoperability needs. There will undoubtedly be a thirst for information and this is unlikely to diminish as a result of the Strategic Defence Review. Military success must be assurable with limited resources. Minimal collateral impact and under the remorseless world media spotlight. To support the widening span of defence needs across all operations other than war, to war itself, and from home base to widely deployed theatre, communications and information systems (CIS) require increasingly more effective capability but at affordable cost. Supporting CIS services must deliver a winning cocktail of selective information and the command and control facilities to execute tasks, in time to retain the advantage over whoever we face, in whatever circumstance and anywhere in the world. Space systems can help deliver that edge.


A new type of membrane bioreactor named "airlift membrane-bioreactor"is discussed.For municipal wastewater reclamation,the preliminary study on airlift membrane-bioreactor shows its good performance such as high flux and lower energy consumption.The airlift membrane-bioreactor is potentially applicable in bioengineering and environmental protection fields.


The present study unfolds a close reading of a strange and coded dialogue included in the sixth book of the Zhuangzi. An essential teaching of seven steps of spiritual development is embedded in a dialogue between a wise old woman and a nobleman - probably a Confucian traditionalist -eagerly interested in learning. The paper explores in detail the interactions and performances of the two persons. Furthermore it scrutinizes the symbolic meaning of the numbers three and seven in this episode and in the Zhuangzi in general. It is rather difficult to translate a series of nine "telltale" names, i.e. obviously punning personal names that reveal the nature of their owners, and to find a key to its sequential order. The interpretation is partly based on the secondary commentary by Cheng Xuanying???.


The aim of this paper is to explore what kinds of factors are used by business-to-business (B2B) companies in order to motivate their B2B customers to participate in innovation processes utilizing social media. This qualitative multiple case study is a preliminary step in an attempt to understand how to motivate B2B customers to participate in social media innovations initiated by B2B companies. There has been little research conducted regarding social media use in innovation processes in B2B contexts and good case studies are rare. Therefore the aim of the present paper is to explore the motivational factors used by B2B companies that have successfully implemented social media in innovation processes involving their B2B customers. Existing literature is reviewed and five cases are analyzed in order to highlight how B2B companies can motivate participation.


Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the changes in occlusion caused by dental side effects of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome compared with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Methods: Twenty cases (n=20) over 20 years of age and diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (apnea–hypopnea index AHI >5) based on polysomnography were selected and randomized for either Mandibular advancement splint (MAS) (n10) or a tongue stabilizing device (TSD) (n10) therapy. Tested and compared dental side effects in both groups of patients treated with oral appliances versus control group (n10) composed of OSAS patients elected to be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). From all patients, dental impressions were obtained and digitally scanned at baseline and after 6 months of treatment to digitally determine variables related to dental changes and occlusion.


Process use is best understood and used as a sensitizing concept. Judging the concept's meaningfulness through the lens of operationalization misconstrues its utility. This closing chapter also examines what other chapters in this volume reveal about process use as a sensitizing concept.


Inflationary financing of the state budget in the long run has a negative impact on the economic stimulus of the country's population. Inflation depreciates the national currency and puts the country at a disadvantage in foreign economic relations. There is an outflow of capital, emigration of the population, decreasing population. The fiscal and monetary policy of the state should focus on strengthening the national currency, providing conditions for the development of the real sector of the country's economy, improving labor productivity in order to increase the incomes of the population of the country and the state in order to improve life on its territory. Keywords: discriminatory social norms, cyber defense, financial sector, real economy, inefficiency of economic policy, shadow economy, inflation financing of budget deficit, macroeconomic instability, economic crisis, fiscal and monetary policy, migration of households, capital transfusion, the eradication of extreme poverty.


We compare and benchmark the performance of five classification methods, four of which are taken from the machine learning literature, in a classic authorship attribution problem involving the Federalist Papers. Cross-validation results are reported for each method, and each method is further employed in classifying the disputed papers and the few papers that are generally understood to be coauthored. These tests are performed using two separate feature sets: a ''raw'' feature set containing all words and word bigrams that are common to all of the authors, and a second ''pre-processed'' feature set derived by reducing the raw feature set to include only words meeting a minimum relative frequency threshold. Each of the methods tested performed well, but nearest shrunken centroids and regularized discriminant analysis had the best overall performances with 0/70 cross-validation errors. .................................................................................................................................................................................


[Objective] To evaluate the effect of one-segmental cage insertion on screws strain in lumbar multi-segmental pedicle fixation construct.[Methods] Ten fresh calf spines(L2-S1)were used.After L3-L4,L4-L5,L5-L6 laminectomy and partial diskectomy,three-segmental pedicle screw fixations with and without two carbon cage insertion were performed as follow:(1)no cage insertion,(2)L4-L5 cage insertion,and(3)L5-L6 cage insertion.Biomechanical testing was undergone under 600 N compressive loading mode.Screw bending strains at every vertebra were measured and compared.[Results] In no cage insertion group,L3 and L6 screws bending strain were significantly higher than L4 and L5;In L4-L5 cage insertion group,L4 and L5 screws bending strain were markedly lower than L3 and L6;In L5-L6 cage insertion group,screws strain at L5 and L6 were significantly lower than at L3 and L4.[Conclusion]Multi-segmental pedicle fixation construct may lead to high strain at the cranial and caudal screws.Cage insertion can decrease adjacent up and down screws strain,but increase the other screws strain.


The aim of this research paper is to find the legality of electronic money exchanger in indonesia and its legal stand in electronic money trade dispute. The method in conducting this research paper is normative legal research using conceptual approach. The main data of this research is indonesian regulation which is regulate all about electronic money, included foreign money exchanger that regulated by Bank Of Indonesia. In drawing conclusion, this research paper uses deductive reasoning method, based on a general conclusion about electronic money and exchanger that found on all regulated that related to reach a particular institution named electronic money exchanger. Electronic money exchanger nowhere found on all regulation in Indonesia. The money exchange concept can found on Regulation Of Bank Indonesia Number : 12/22/PBI/2010 About Foreign Exchanger, but this concept can not be applied to electronic money exchange because the system is different. Therefore, the result of this research, Bank Indonesia as a Central Bank in Indonesia have to make a new regulation to regulate electronic money exchanger and their activity so if there is an electronic money trade dispute, this regulation can be used as source of law by the judge as well as to protect all party who related by Indonesian government.


This study aims to study the damage and preserving ancient canals of Indrapatra Fort, Aceh. This study uses archaeological research methods that are descriptive analysis, with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that Indrapatra Fort is a defensive building inherited from the Aceh sultanate that is estimated to have been built in the 16th century AD. Inside the Indrapatra Fortress Complex, there are canals or waterways that function to regulate the flow of water when a flood occurs. Archaeological technical studies found that the condition of the canal was mostly covered with earth. After excavations were carried out in August 2021, the condition of the canal was 70–80% damaged. The form of damage is broken, cracked, collapsed, crushed, and even shifted. Therefore, the authors hope that the local government and the community will protect and maintain the canal structure of Indrapatra Fort so that the structure can continue to exist in the community.


The objectives of this study were to estimate and compare the goodness of fit six non-linear growth models, i.e. Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy, Richards, Weibull and Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF), in Mengali sheep of Balochistan. For this purpose, monthly body weight data from 2377 sheep from birth up to 360 days of age were used. The average body weights in each period were used to define the weight - age relationship in these sheep. The models parameters, adjusted coefficient of determination (R 2 Adj), root mean square error ( RMSE ), Akaike's and Bayesian information criteria (AIC and BIC), predicted body weights and residuals were calculated for each model. Among six growth functions, the MMF model was found appropriate for its accuracy of fit according to the highest R 2 Adj (0.9991) and the lowest RMSE (0.3348) followed by the Von Bertalanffy and Weibull models. The MMF model was also selected the best based on the lowest values of AIC (9.6516) and BIC (10.0489). The results of this study suggest that the MMF model can be used to accurately predict the growth in body weight of Mengali sheep.


2014 We examine the transient behaviour of a plane-spherical resonator driven by a continuous wave and filled by an optically thin gas which is suddenly switched on exact resonance with the driving field. Contrary to previous treatments, the axial and transversal field distributions and the molecular motions through the standing wave are taken into account. This is achieved by projecting the induced gas polarization on the fundamental gaussian mode of the resonator and the results are given in a quasi analytic form. An oscillatory response is only obtained when the Rabi frequency is large with respect to the Doppler line width and for a bad quality resonator. Some of the theoretical predictions have been supported by an experiment at a 6 mm-wavelength. J. Physique 41 (1980) 837-844 AOÛT 1980, Classification Physics Abstracts 42.50 42.60D 42.65


The structural, optical and ionic properties of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP) analogues have been studied using quantum chemical methods. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods were employed to optimise the ground- and excited-state geometries of TP analogues. Based on the ground- and excited-state geometries, the absorption and emission spectra have been calculated by using TD-DFT method with 6-311G(d,p) basis set. All the calculations were carried out in gas phase and in acetonitrile and chloroform medium. The solvent-phase calculations were performed using the polarisable continuum model (PCM). It has been observed that the effect of medium on the calculated absorption and emission spectra of these analogues is negligible. The calculated absorption and emission spectra are in good agreement with the available experimental results. This theoretical investigation shows that the fused-ring thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine analogues dibenzo[f,h]thieno[3,4-b]quinoxalines and thieno[3′,4′:5,6]pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10] phenanthroline have lower band gap than the thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine. Hence, these analogues can be used for the production of low band gap conjugated polymers.


The present invention relates to the field of protein display library and screening the library. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a display 3-component system comprising a cell surface molecule, and the adapter molecules and the display molecule.


This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Bkg Brookings. Site Description - The Brookings site is located in a private pasture, consisting of a mixture of C3 and C4 species actively used for grazing. Belonging to the Northern Great Plains Rangelands, the grassland is representative of many in the north central United States, with seasonal winter conditions and a wet growing season.


We report the synthesis, crystal structure, thermal, pyroelectric, Raman, infrared and magnetic properties of [NH3(CH2)4NH3][Mn2(HCOO)6] niccolite. Our results show that this compound crystallizes in a trigonal structure (space group P1c) with dynamically disordered [NH3(CH2)4NH3]2+ cations. It undergoes a phase transition near Tc = 350 K. The low-temperature structure is polar (space group Cc) and pyroelectric measurements confirm that it exhibits ferroelectric properties. Detailed analysis of the structural changes shows that both the spatial arrangement of the [NH3(CH2)4NH3]2+ dipole moments and distortion of the manganese formate framework contribute to the spontaneous polarization within the (a, c) plane. Based on Raman and IR data, assignment of the observed modes to the respective vibrations of atoms is also proposed. Dynamic disorder of organic cations in the high-temperature phase manifests in the vibrational spectra through very large width of bands corresponding to vibrations of the NH3 groups. Ordering of these cations is clearly observed in the spectra through a pronounced decrease in their bandwidths below the phase transition temperatures. Low-temperature magnetic studies show that this compound is a weak ferromagnet below 9.0 K. We also report high-pressure Raman scattering studies of this compound, which reveal the presence of two pressure-induced phase transitions between 0.5 and 0.9 GPa and between 1.3 and 1.9 GPa.


Chinese sports industry take on an advantaged environment of development within the economic developing cycle of the Eleventh Nations"Five-Year-Plan".But the industry still faces problems like development unbalance,inconsequence industry structure,low expense level,undeveloped principal part of market,weak competitive capability of enterprises,strong resource monopoly and lack of expertise talents.In this economic cycle,sports resource must be expedited in the market.Government needs to create well-run commercial environment and management regulations to improve relationship between government and market.We should rely on society energy to build up an excellent operational mechanism.


This article, a follow-up to an annual bridge condition inventory, makes the case that more money is needed urgently to fix bridges in the U.S.. The author points to the rapidly growing population and the need to upgrade the infrastructure to prevent greater congestion. Bridges built between 1945 and the 1960s may be at greatest risk. Engineers designed older bridges to be four times the estimated strength needed to allow for future increased weight and traffic, as well as design flaws. After 1945 costs of materials and shortages caused engineers to design bridges closer to their actual needs. Design and repair design flaws may have caused the collapse of the I-35W Bridge in Minnesota.


A model-observation synthesis is conducted to investigate changes in the upper ocean circulation and stratification in the Canada Basin [CB] of the Arctic Ocean. Results show that the Beaufort Gyre [BG] has been generally intensifying during 1992–2015 in conjunction with changes in sea ice and the upper ocean including increasing sea surface height [SSH], sea ice and ocean speed, Ekman transport convergence and downwelling, and freshwater content, decreasing ice thickness and upper ocean salinity, shoaling summer halocline and mixed layer, and deepening winter halocline and mixed layer. Increasing Ekman transport convergence draws more water from surrounding areas into the CB, thus lowering SSH in those areas and raising SSH in the CB. The rate of change in the CB began to decrease in 2008 and the BG circulation appears to be stabilizing, if not relaxing slightly. This is reflected in the general plateauing of SSH, the intensity of the sea ice and ocean circulation, and various measures of the CB thermohaline stratification. The BG intensification and subsequent stabilization appear to have been strongly controlled by atmospheric changes in the CB characterized by generally increasing anticyclonic wind circulation and sea level pressure (SLP) before 2008 and falling wind strength and SLP to below-average levels in some years after 2008. Changes in SLP are highly correlated with changes in ocean surface stress curl and downwelling. Since 2008, the magnitude of the stress curl and downwelling in much of the CB has declined, contributing to BG stabilization. The general leveling-off of sea ice thickness also contributes to the stabilization by limiting melt water input to the CB that increases freshwater content. Temperatures in the Near Surface Temperature Maximum layer trended upward slightly over 1992–2015, which is closely correlated with decreasing sea ice thickness. Upper ocean heat content increased over the study period mainly due to strong temperature increases in the summer Pacific Water layer.


The question of how knowledge structures, or schemas, are formed and how they influence memory and inference has posed long-standing challenges for cognitive scientists. Recent neuroscientific advances have improved our ability to quantify schemas as they are formed and during their expression in novel situations, thus improving our mechanistic understanding of their role in cognition. Here, we review recent evidence indicating that bidirectional interactions between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mediate schema formation, promoting creation of knowledge representations that integrate commonalities and emphasize goal-related differences among related events. We discuss how bidirectional hippocampus— mPFC interactions control memory reactivation by preferentially retrieving information that overlaps with current experience. Moreover, we review evidence for hippocampal binding processes that link current experience with reactivated memories, thereby supporting schema formation. We further focus on new data revealing that mPFC may guide formation of hippocampal schemas, by biasing encoding toward goal-relevant information while compressing irrelevant features that differ across events. Critically, by representing the commonalities and differences among previously and newly acquired information, schemas extend beyond direct experience to support flexible behaviors, such as inferential reasoning. Optimal behavior in familiar and novel contexts may thus be rooted in the dynamic interplay between neural structures that support schema formation and expression. As such, this chapter considers current perspectives on schemas in the context of emerging neural evidence, providing new insight into the relationship between memory and reasoning, as well as the implications of recent neuroscientific work on schema theory and cognition more broadly.


Abstract To evaluate the efficiency of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) in the detection of urban tree roots, this technique was tested on two trees in the urban environment and a controlled study involving roots that were pruned and buried at known depths and orientations. Using the 400 MHz antenna on clay laden soils, the GPR system, under controlled conditions was confirmed to have the capability to evaluate the presence of buried roots positioned at various orientations and at various depths in the ground but accurate detection was limited to roots that had a diameter greater than 0.05 m. The GPR was also tested for its ability to map entire tree root systems in the field. Two surveys involving different tree species (Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia macrophylla) were used to test the capability of the GPR system to detect roots in the soil at various depths. This study further confirmed that only coarse roots (with diameters greater than 0.05 m) were detected by the GPR system. Following the survey, S. macrophylla was excavated with an air spade to remove soil from the roots for the purpose of evaluation. The findings suggest that the presence of fine roots in the soil was generally not detected by the radar. The GPR was also not able to distinguish between roots that were crossing over each other from those that were simply branching away.


primary immunodeficiency disease, clinically characterized by the triad of bleeding tendency with thrombocytopenia, severe eczema and immunodeficiency. Patients with WAS suffer high morbidity unless hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is feasible. The gene defective in WAS, termed as the WASP gene, has been identified by the linkage studies and subsequent positional cloning.1 Genetic counselling is an important matter for an affected family with WAS, and prenatal diagnosis of WAS has been reported based on several methods including the size/number of platelets2 and DNA linkage analysis.3 Since the WASP gene has been identified, prenatal diagnosis of WAS could be performed based on the mutation information in each family. Recently, single-strand conformation polymorphism/ heteroduplex formation and direct mutation analysis was used for the prenatal diagnosis of WAS.4 In this study, we report the results of prenatal diagnosis of WAS for a fetus who had a brother with WAS. Previous genetic studies of the fetal family allowed us to perform a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based prenatal diagnosis. To avoid an incorrect prenatal diagnosis, we point out an issue of contamination of maternal DNA in chorionic villus sample (CVS) used for the diagnosis. Quantitative evaluation of the mutant/normal allele ratio would be helpful for making a correct prenatal diagnosis. Methods


On the premise of analyzing the cause of flow pulsation and pressure pulsation of single reciprocating pump,the cause of peak value overlapping in water coal syrup transporting to one pipeline with multi-unit pumps,and the conditions to eliminate peak overlapping are discussed.The graphic analysis of distinguishing optimum dispersion phase angle,the methods and the formula of software calculation are give.The concept of peak value dispersion technology are put forward.The accumulator decreases the function to the pulsation,air pack construction parameter and the relation of the discharge pulsation tapering rate.