Personal samplers used to determine the inhalable fraction of workplace dust are tested while mounted on a manikin, which simulates a worker. To understand the mechanisms affecting the performance of such samplers, researchers must measure the airflow around the body where the samplers are mounted. Therefore, wind tunnel facilities to determine both airflow conditions around samplers and sampling efficiency are needed. A wind tunnel system was developed that was large enough to accommodate the top half of a life-sized manikin and employed a laser Doppler velocimeter for velocity measurements around the manikin. For generating particles up to 70 μm, an aerosol generation system, using a two-dimensional scanning system to cover an extended area, was developed and tested. The generation system had carriages with linear bearings mounted on rod assemblies for scanning in the horizontal and vertical directions. Screw drives, powered by stepper motors under computer control, moved the carriages in a preprogrammed pattern. The generation system was characterized for its ability to generate uniform concentrations of aerosols over an extended area at wind speeds of 0.5 and 2 m/s and particle sizes of 7 and 70 μm. Uniformity of concentration over the area studied, in the absence of the manikin, was 10% relative standard deviation (RSD) or better, except for 7 μm particles at a wind speed of 0.5 m/s where some nonuniformity was observed. The uniformity under these conditions was improved by rearranging the distances between components in the wind tunnel.


The focus of this study was to portray the work of middle school literacy coaches as agents to increase teacher efficacy. Coaches and teachers in New York school districts participated in the study, which attempted to add to the research on teacher efficacy and coaching by authentically examining the experiences and perceptions of coaching. Data was collected using the Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale, interviews, focus groups, observations notes, and researcher notes. This study revealed that participating in the coaching experience increased teachers' self-efficacy and that the teachers valued their literacy coach to provide resources, model lessons, assist with lesson planning, and most of all, provide classroom support with instructional strategies and classroom management. Teachers found that the coaching process provided the needed resources, collegiality, and expertise needed to support the execution of new instructional strategies and programs. The coaches in this study identified many improvements in teachers' instructional delivery as they participated in the coaching process. Teachers indicated that the most important aspect of the coaching process was the character of the literacy coach. Literacy coaches who possessed good listening skills, patience, and were personable made the coaching process more effective. Thus, teachers expressed the impact of coaches' personality on the success of the coaching process. The main findings of this study were that teachers perceived literacy coaching as a useful form of professional development. Teachers believed the coaching process strengthened their ability to deliver innovative instructional strategies, increase student engagement, and maintain classroom management. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Jerry Willis Second Supervisor Donna L. Marable Third Supervisor Velma Whiteside This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/12 Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/12 Coaching for Confidence: An Examination of the Relationship Between Literacy Coaching and Teacher Efficacy in Middle School English Language Arts Classrooms By Gayle N. White-Wallace Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Ed.D. in Executive Leadership Supervised by Dr. Jerry Willis Committee Members Dr. Donna L. Marable Dr. Velma Whiteside Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. School of Education St. John Fisher College August 2011


Transferrin and its receptor play an important role in iron homeostasis. Binding of transferrin to its receptor (TFRC, transferrin receptor protein 1) initiates endocytic trafficking and subsequent recycling of TFRC to the plasma membrane. RAB8-positive tubules emanating from the endocytic recycling compartment play an important role in receptor recycling. However, the signaling pathways or mechanisms that mediate formation of RAB8-positive tubules are not clear. Here, we have investigated the role of transferrin-induced signaling in the regulation of RAB8- and MICAL-L1-positive tubules. Addition of transferrin to the serum starved HeLa cells resulted in enhanced recruitment of RAB8 as well as MICAL-L1 to the tubules, which was mediated by TFRC. Dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin and endocytosis, completely blocked transferrin-induced formation of RAB8/MICAL-L1-positive tubules. RAB8 showed strong colocalization with MICAL-L1 on the tubules. Blocking of SRC or AKT kinase activity by specific inhibitors abolished transferrin-induced recruitment of RAB8 and MICAL-L1 to the tubules. Recycling of transferrin receptor was inhibited by blocking of AKT activity. TBC1D17, a GTPase activating protein for RAB8, inhibited RAB8/MICAL-L1-positive tubule formation. A phospho-mimicking mutant S366D of TBC1D17 did not inhibit formation of RAB8-positive tubules. Overall, these results show that transferrin induces TFRC mediated signaling dependent on endocytosis that is essential for the formation of RAB8- and MICAL-L1-positive tubules involved in recycling of transferrin receptor. Our results also show that AKT regulates transferrin-induced formation of RAB8- and MICAL-L1-positive tubules, which might be mediated by phosphorylation of TBC1D17.


This paper describes a project where energy conservation measures in two identical Habitat for Humanity houses in Houston, Texas were evaluated using side-by-side measurements (i.e., one with the energy conservation measures, one without) and calibrated simulations, The measures include shell tightening, improved A/C efficiency, modifications to the DHW heater, and solar screens. To peflorm the analysis both houses were instrumented with hourly data loggers for more than one year and the data analyzed using several methods including inverse methods and calibrated DOE-2 simulations. The results indicate that the eflicient air conditioner performed as estimated when all confounding factors are removed using calibrated simulation. The confounding factors that needed to be normalized include: the weather conditions, differences in the life styles of the two houses, interior temperature settings, and certain omissions in the construction of the houses. This paper will discuss the project, the measurements that were taken and the results of the computer simulation analysis. The details of the efforts undertaken to calibrate the simulations can be found in a related paper by Haberl et al. (1998).


For the high pressure compressor of an aero-engine,on the comprehensive consideration of aerodynamic loading,centrifugal loading,temperature loading,the radial clearance computational model for high pressure compressor was established.Characteristics of flow field and distribution of deformation and stress of blades were obtained under the three typical working states.And regularity of radial blade tip clearance of high pressure compressor and scope of blade tip clearance were achieved by the simulation method.For diagonal compressor,the computational results show that under the state of design point and the state of the greatest rotating speed,the blade tip will rub on the casing.The results are coincident with the aero-engines test results which testify the effectiveness of the calculating method and also provide the research idea of building logically and effectively analytical method of radial clearance for compressor.


Nonlinear Dynamic analysis can be done by direct integration of the equations of motion by step by step procedures. Direct integration provides the most powerful and informative analysis for any given earthquake motion. A time dependent forcing function (earthquake accelerogram) is applied and the corresponding response-history of the structure during the earthquake is computed. That is, the moment and force diagrams at each of a series of prescribed intervals throughout the applied motion can be found. Computer programs have been written for both linear elastic and non-linear inelastic material behaviour using step-by-step integration procedures. One such program is ETAB in which three-dimensional non-linear analyses can be carried out taking as input the three orthogonal accelerogram components from a given earthquake, and applying them simultaneously to the structure.


This paper is focused on the kinetics of the reaction between natural dolomite and diluted solutions of nitric acid at various temperatures. All experiments were carried out in a semi-batch reactor with an approximately constant nitric acid concentration using the pH-stat titration method. The reaction was studied in the temperature range from 293 to 353 K and the nitric acid concentration in the range from 0.001 to 0.200 mol dm-3. The strong effects of both temperature and nitric acid concentration were observed. The determined fractional values of the apparent reaction order (0.39 to 0.75) indicate a very complex reaction mechanism. In the studied concentration range, the values of the apparent activation energy increase from 30 to 58 kJ mol-1. Based on these data it can be assumed that the reaction takes place in the transitional regime with the stronger influence of chemical reaction. This assumption was verified by calculation of the nitric acid concentration on the surface of the dolomite grain using Sherwood criterion equation. The change in the role of the rate-controlling step was found for highly diluted solutions (< 0.010 mol dm-3 HNO3).


The Sliding Knife procedure as well as the Cake Cutting and Fair Border existence theorems, stated for additive evaluations, hold unchanged for concave ones.


Micro-credit is welcomed in enormously large potential markets in China's rural areas thanks to its advantage of simplified loan procedures.Extensive attention from the Government has also propelled the development of rural micro-credit.However,to achieve the sustainable development of China's rural micro-credit requires great efforts in resolving problems in product classifications,business extensions,and regulatory issues.


The discovery of a new dish confers more happiness on humanity than the discovery of a new star. (The physiology of taste. Brillat-Savarin) Scientifi c discovery and scientifi c knowledge have been achieved only by those who have gone in pursuit of it without any practical purpose whatsoever in view. (Where is Science Going? Pt. 4. M. Planck)


Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia was made by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay on a chorionic villous sample taken in the first trimester. Very low activities of the LBK isoenzyrnes indicated an affected fetus. Diagnosis was confirmed at 12 weeks of gestation by measurement of LBK isoenzyme activities in fetal bone tissue. In control chorionic villous samples an inverse relation was observed between LBK and placental ALP percentage during gestational age. High LBK ALP activities are observed in decidual tissue. Chorionic villous tissue must not be sampled after 12 weeks of gestation and decidual tissue must be excluded from the sample.


We estimate a Phillips Curve for Papua New Guinea (PNG). In doing so, we employ three different measures of the quarterly output gap to embody domestic demand pressures. The model employed is a straightforward auto-distributed lag model, and is estimated using a general-tospecific methodology. The output gap is seen to be a statistically significant variable in the determination of inflation dynamics, with sensible estimated magnitudes and signs. Depending on which measure is adopted, the long-run pass-through of the output gap into inflation roughyl between 30 and 60 percent. A historical decomposition of the model, charting the relative contributions of the various endogenous variables to inflation, is discussed and interpreted in light of the macroeconomic conditions experienced by PNG over the last two decades. The output gap is seen to account for inflation in certain periods, such as 2007-2009, better than others, such as 2006-2007. ∗The authors are available at firstname.lastname@example.com and email@example.com respectively. We thank Jan Gottschalk of the IMF for his ongoing support, advice and guidance. The current paper is based largely on the final presentation delivered by the PNG team at a workshop jointly run by the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre (PFTAC) and hosted by the Central Bank of Samoa in Apia, November 2011, entitled "Macroeconomic Tools: Improving Analytical Tools for Better Economic Performance". As such, we thank the participants for their contributions and shared discussions throughout the course. We also thank Aaron Batten, Tim Bulman and Thomas Sampson for valuable comments.


Chaplin, editor-in-chief of the Advertiser from 1959 to 1986, has written an insider's account of nearly a century and half of Advertiser history. He covers the personalities that have worked for the Advertiser over the years and reports on issues and historical events that had a powerful impact on the community.


The argument of my thesis can be summarised as follows: in the context of rivalry, an agent may attempt to satisfy his or her preferences at the expense of other agents' preferences if this generates social benefits that could not be generated otherwise (without producing too much harm). This argument leads to an adversarial ethics, that is, a description of our moral obligations in contexts like a sport competition or a trial. This ethics will be developed and applied to the behavior of economic agents in the market. I will address two main questions. The first question focuses on the design of our social institutions. An adversarial scheme is a pattern of social interactions that fulfills its function through a dynamic of rivalry. Parts of our institutions can be modeled as adversarial schemes. When is it desirable to use these schemes? It is desirable if the balance between the scheme's functionality and harms is 1) acceptable and 2) preferable by comparison with other schemes. These two conditions yield a test. The test is developed in the first chapter. The second chapter argues that the market passes this test. An agent must be allowed to adopt adversarial behaviors in an adversarial scheme. But this permission does not apply to his or her behavior outside the scheme or inside non-adversarial incorporated schemes (like a firm in the market or a team in sport competitions). These two criteria, once combined, yield a threefold distinction or a tripartition of the moral obligation of economic agents, which solves some of the problems with the shareholder primacy view and the stakeholder theory. The tripartition and its implications are presented in the third chapter. The second question focuses on our moral obligations at the personal level. How ought we to behave in an adversarial scheme? In the fourth chapter, I argue that we ought to adopt the ideal of beneficial rivalry, which implies that we ought to: 1) contain our adversarial behaviors inside the scheme, 2) respect the scheme's rules and 3) adopt a behavior that will allow the scheme to pass the desirability test (developed in the first chapter). The fifth chapter argues that this ideal avoids some of the problems with Joseph Heath's ideal of healthy competition and Lynn Sharp Paine's ideal of positive competition.


The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of ostazine dyes on the microbial population in environment. These dyes act as photosensitizers after irradiation by visible light. The photodynamic effect was induced in this way. The effect of irradiated water solutions of ostazine green, ostazine yellow, and ostazine blue on the Escherichia coli growth was tested. Furthermore, the effect of these dyes (at c = 3.5 μg mL−1) on bacterial growth was evaluated after their pretreatment by the Fenton reaction. Dramatic changes in dyes' toxicity were observed after coloured solutions were pretreated by the Fenton reaction.


Objective To study the effects of Kr:F excimer laser irradiation on pulp tissue of rat incisor teeth.Methods Rat incisor teeth were irradiated with 5 W Kr:F excimer or Nd:YAG laser for 1 minute Every 5 rats were killed after irradiation immediately,2 days and 7days respectively.Histopathological examination of pulp tissue was taken with microscopy.Results According to histological grade,the change of teeth irradiated with Kr:F excimer was 0~1,while in Nd:YAG laser group,it was 1~3 .Conclusion Compared with Nd:YAG laser,Kr:F excimer irradiation only has little thermal effects on pulp tissue.


This paper presents a reliability-based low-cycle fatigue design approach for class 2 and 3 nuclear pipes. Initially, the methodology and background for the design of the pipes according to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) Code is presented. Then a probabilistic design methodology based on the ASME B&PV Code and focused on straight pipes with butt-welds is presented. The method ensures an acceptable reliability level for piping by keeping the failure probability within some upper threshold and accounting for the uncertainties of the design variables. In opposition, the current design may result in diverse and often unknown probabilities of failure for piping. A computational example illustrates the developed method.


The present invention provides a process for making 3-hydroxyalkanenitriles comprising the steps of reacting an alkenylnitrile, wherein the alkenylnitrile is an alkenyl-2-nitrile or an alkenylnitrile which under reaction conditions isomerizes to form an alkenyl-2-nitrile, in the presence of a base with benzyl alcohol to form a 3-benzyloxyalkanenitrile adduct and then partially hydrogenating the adduct in the presence of a trace amount of HCl to form the 3-hydroxyalkanenitrile or fully hydrogenating the adduct to form a 3-hydroxyaminoalkane.


Food safety is an important part in social public safety.It not only possesses economic attributes,existent externality and information asymmetry but also belongs to the scope of public goods.Strengthening the government-oriented market supervision provides a vital guarantee for food safety.Due to the dispersion of supervision function and the ambiguity of supervision duty,"the tragedy of the anti-commons" in food safety market supervision is easily caused. As the supervision subject,the government has the property of "ecomomic man",which necessarily leads to the failure and inefficiency of the government supervision and the increase of the social cost of pulic goods offered by the government.To control the malfunction of the supervision of food safety market,supervison resources and forces should be integrated,the third party should be encouraged to participate,and the cost paid for the breach of food law should be increased.Meanwhile,the interests-driven mechanism of consumer supervision can be established to increase the impetus of consumer supervison.


The reader and writer problem is one of typical problem in operating system.In the paper,on the basic of the reader and walter synchronism mechnism,two improved methods are given.That proves the many concurrent processes can be carried out accurately.


Nowadays, the phenomenon of the use of English in advertising can be found in various media. The use of English in advertising can be found in tagline, headline or bodycopy. In language, the using and mixing of these two languages called code switching and code mixing. Lot of advertisers use these codes to persuade their specific and potential audiences on targeted marketing. Using content analysis method, this research wanted to see how big the use of code switching and code mixing on print media advertising that contained in Cosmopolitan Lifestyle Magazine. In addition, researchers also wanted to see how big the use of code switching and code mixing is elaborated with a rational approach to the attractiveness of advertising which consists of advertising features, competitive advantages, favorable price, news, and the popularity of appeal (Belch, 2001). The results shows the advertisements that use code switching and code mixing in Cosmopolitan lifestyle magazine more for its symbolic meaning and purpose as a rational strategy of the attraction of the product.


VOSpec is a multi-wavelength spectral analysis tool developed by the ESA Virtual Observatory Team. The tool is able to handle spectra in the VO context as well as providing analysis capabilities and easy integration of spectra coming from different data providers, wavelengths and different metadata. Since its first development from a very simple interface, VOSpec has gone through a series of changes and evolutions converting it into a fully functional Analysis tool for VO data. This paper gives an overview of the VOSpec tool, together with the latest available functionalities.


Summary: The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of the state and dynamics of development of 49 Polish cities – former and present provincial capitals – leading to the identification of their diversity and changes in their economic condition, demographic situation and infrastructural investment. In the research procedure, the taxonomic measure of development was applied, which makes it possible to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis on the basis of synthetic variables. The research results show that former provincial capitals are much less developed than the cities that preserved the status of the capital after the local and regional government reform of 1999.


A new apparatus and method were devised for simple discrimination of hashish (Cannabis sativa L.) at the field, developed by the Office of Narcotics Control. The apparatus consists of two small fountain pen-sized glass cylinders ; the first solution is a chloroform suspension of a minute amount of Echtblausalz B and the second is a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. A small amount of a sample is placed in the first solution, shaken for 1 minute, the second solution is layer over the first, and then mixed after 30 seconds. When the two liquids separate and the lower layer (chloroform layer) colors red, then the presence of hashish is suggested. If the chloroform layer does not color red, presence of hashish can be denied. Approximately 900 samples have been tested by this way to date and a good result was obtained, there being no case in which its result was contrary to the result of existing method of evaluation.


"Nothing can be more agreeable to the eye than those charming positions which we call arabesques, and which we have derived from antique bassorilievos, from a few fragments of Greek paintings, and from the paintings in fresco at the Vatican, executed after the beautiful designs of Raphael," wrote Carlo Blasis in The Code of Terpsichore (1828).' As everyone knows, the pose or body attitude called arabesque is executed in supporting the body on one leg while the other leg is held backward in the air. Eight years before, in his first work, Traite elementaire theorique etpratique de l'art de la danse, Blasis had theorized the arabesque as a body attitude, the first to do so in dance technique. Its meaning, though, was still broad: the free leg could be extended both backward and forward. In the Traite he emphasized, however, that the word arabesque was long since in use with a broader meaning: "Nos maitres d'ecole de danse auront aussi introduit dans l'art cette expression, a raison des tableaux ressemblans [sic] aux arabesques de la peinture, par les groupes qu'ils ont forme de danseurs et de danseuses, s'entrelacant de mille manieres, avec des guirlandes, des couronnes, des cerceaux ornes de fleurs, et melanges quelquefois d'instrumens [sic] antiques propres a la pastorale."2


In the model solution of dodecane investigated sorbents with immobilized microbial cells genus Pseudomonas (K-5-25, A-2) and Rhodococcus (EriA. 2-4m). Sorbents based on non-woven fabrics made of polypropylene fibers (neutral) and the acrylonitrile fibers containing in their structure of the group of primary and secondary amines, as well as on natural material of the mineral from the group of hydrous layered structure. The efficiency of the sorption and biocatalytic contributions to the study of the degree of water purification. Such self-recovering system, combining physico-chemical and biological removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from solutions with low concentrations of trace and can operate in dynamic mode. Moreover, the sorbent performs one of the most important functions of biological systems, providing delivery and accumulation of oil components from the liquid phase, immobilized cells and carry out selfregeneration biosorbent. Analysis of the comparative effectiveness of these processes with the use of a kinetic model of the results obtained on the solid-phase sorbent with immobilized cells and the initial sorbent without cells, allowed us to determine the degree of physical and chemical removal of dodecane from an aqueous emulsion and the degree of biodegradation, as in liquid, and in solid phase sorption material. The most efficient biological system has shown itself on the basis of non-woven material acrylonitrile, allowing up to 8 days to reduce the concentration of dodecane to the level of maximum permissible concentration and below.


Define patients treated with evidence‐based drugs in a cohort discharged after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in absence of prescribed daily doses (PDD). To compare different drug use measures and analyze their impact on the effect estimate of risk factors related to drug use.


Sewage land processing is a kind of advanced bio-engineering technology,its principle is that: through the fixing and degeneration of biology,physics and chemistry between soil and plant in farmland,woodland,reed bed and so on.The pollutant in sewage is purified,the nitrogen,phosphorus and other resources are utilized.The sewage land processing technology application to the farmland irrigation may effectively reduce pollution of the sewage into the farmland.The test research designed a set of vertical soil column in order to simulate the movement of the pollutant from Jialu River to soil,and find out the migration and transformation laws of organic pollutant,nitrogen,phosphorus,heavy metals,etc.in the sewage into soil.


Lung cancer is a hazardous disease which is the unrestricted growth of abnormal cells that can occur in one or both of the lungs. Lung tumors can be of two types such as benign and malignant. The survival rate of lung cancer depends upon early identification of lung nodules which is a crucial process. We propose a new method for Lung nodule classification from Lung CT images by using deep convolutional neural networks [19]. This method eliminates the need of manual feature extraction which is a feed back of previous works. The network is fed with raw lung CT images from publicly available LIDC-IDRI dataset. Here, the lung images are classified into three classes such as: non-nodules, nodules of size <3 mm and nodules of size >= 3 mm. This classification is achieved with the help of AlexNet which is a pre-trained convolutional neural network with the help of transfer learning methodology. This method successfully classified the lung CT images into three classes and achieved 98% accuracy with comparatively less false positive rates.


Understanding the relevant turbulent transport mechanisms at the edge of a high-performance tokamak is essential for predicting and optimizing the H-mode pedestal structure in future burning plasma devices. Global electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations will be performed based on representative experimental pedestal scenarios in order to clarify which instabilities are most important for each of the particle and heat transport channels. Edge transport modeling will be performed in order to estimate and bound the particle and heat sources—e.g., the ionization density source and the atomic energy loss channels due to ionization, charge exchange, and radiation. Comparisons will be made with data from the DIII-D, JET, C-Mod and NSTX or MAST experiments.


A radio over fiber system using millimeter-wave for downlink (DL) and intermediate frequency for uplink (UL) transmission, that includes a wireless path and uses multimode fiber (MMF), is investigated by throughput measurements. Live wireless local area network transmissions (IEEE 802.11g, 54 Mbps), are upconverted to 25.2 GHz for the DL by using an optical phase modulator and optical filter millimeter-wave generation approach. Both DL and UL data were successfully transmitted between a mobile unit (MU) and commercial access point (AP), via a remote antenna unit connected to the AP by a 300-m MMF link. The measurements, for the full link using omni-directional antennas at the MUs, demonstrate good signal coverage throughout an office area of 12.8 × 7.2 m2 and indicate that a coverage area four times this size would be possible if the antenna were placed in the center of a room.


This paper analyzes the mechanism of Science and Technology Park in the transformation of development mode in regional economy.Taking Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park as an example,this paper makes an econometric model analysis on the contribution of Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park to Beijing's TFP growth,which can measure the contribution of Science and Technology Park to the transformation of development mode in regional economy.The research shows that in the past decade the average contribution of Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park to Beijing's TFP growth is 23.36%.In the meantime,every 1 percent increase in industrial capital of 5 major industries in Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park will promote the growth in Hi-tech industry output of neighboring areas in Beijing by 0.253-0.394 percent.Finally,this paper gives the corresponding policy recommendations for the harmonious development between Science and Technology Park and regional economy.


The micro-segregation resulting in illternal crack in continuously cast slab is studied by using a mathematical model in which the transition of ferritic/austenitic solidification and the precipitation of MnS are considered. The effects of C, Mn, S and P on the interdendritic segregation, zero strength temperature (ZST), and zero ductility temperature (ZDT) are discussed. The results show that C contellt in steel influences the ioterdendritic segregation significantly. The segregation of P increases greatly when the C content increased from 0.l% to 0.2% while that of S is not obviously changed due to the effect of Mn. P is the element with greatest segregation tendency. The segregation of P is increased with increasing initial P content. The interdendritic segregation is responsible for the decrease of zero ductility temperature (ZDT).


We derive a robust bound on the QCD axion by confronting momentum-dependent Boltzmann equations against up-to-date measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background, including ground-based telescopes, and abundances from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We compare the axion phase-space distribution obtained from unitarized next-to-leading order chiral perturbation theory with the phenomenological one based on pion-scattering data. Our bound is $\sim$30\% stronger than what previously found: $m_{a} \leq \, 0.16 $ eV at 95\% probability. We present forecasts using dedicated likelihoods for future cosmological surveys and the sphaleron rate from unquenched lattice QCD.


A series of the title compounds (III) is efficiently obtained via reaction of N-arylimidazoles (I) with less expensive dialkyl chlorides.


The discrepancy between abundances computed using optical recombination lines and collisionally excited lines is a major unresolved problem in nebular astrophysics. Here, we show that the largest abundance discrepancies are reached in planetary nebulae with close binary central stars. We illustrate this using deep spectroscopy of three nebulae with a post common-envelope (CE) binary star. Abell 46 and Ou 5 have O2+/H+ abundance discrepancy factors larger than 50, and as high as 300 in the inner regions of Abell 46. Abell 63 has a smaller discrepancy factor around 10, which is still above the typical values in ionized nebulae. Our spectroscopic analysis supports previous conclusions that, in addition to "standard" hot ( T e ?> ∼ 104 K) gas, there exists a colder ( T e ?> ∼ 103 K), ionized component that is highly enriched in heavy elements. These nebulae have low ionized masses, between 10−3 and 10−1 M⊙ depending on the adopted electron densities and temperatures. Since the much more massive red giant envelope is expected to be entirely ejected in the CE phase, the currently observed nebulae would be produced much later, during post-CE mass loss episodes when the envelope has already dispersed. These observations add constraints to the abundance discrepancy problem. We revise possible explanations. Some explanations are naturally linked to binarity such as, for instance, high-metallicity nova ejecta, but it is difficult at this stage to depict an evolutionary scenario consistent with all of the observed properties. We also introduce the hypothesis that these nebulae are the result of tidal destruction, accretion, and ejection of Jupiter-like planets.


To prepare 21st Century school leaders, educational leadership professors need to learn and teach the utilization of increasingly sophisticated technologies in their courses. The co-authors, a professor and an educational specialist degree candidate, describe how the use of advanced technologies — such as Wikis, Google Docs, Wimba Classroom, and Discussion Board — have served as a catalyst for learning among educational leadership students. Details regarding how technology has been used in one course are described, demonstrating how various apps and software applications can easily be applied in other courses.


Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare tumor that occurs almost exclusively in the distal extremities. The primary site in this case was seen with F-18 fluorodeoxygluclose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). This tumor exhibits various histologic growth patterns and diverse clinical presentations, and thus the diagnosis is often delayed for months or years. They have a tendency to spread to noncontiguous areas of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fat, and bone. Many case reports have suggested a causal relation to trauma. Treatment includes wide surgical excision, often involving amputation of the extremity, and regional lymph node dissection.


A new position control algorithm, based on sliding mode control, has been developed for a pneumatic cylinder. The inherent robustness property of the sliding mode controller makes it easier to select the switching gains of the controller. Moreover, approximate dynamic modeling of the system made the controller simple. As the controller is robust and the states stick to the sliding surface, the motion of the piston is very smooth. This suggests the potential of a pneumatic actuator as a drive for robots and manipulators. In the proposed system, commercially available on-off two-way solenoid valves have been used. The controller is hybrid in nature, consisting of an error amplifier, data conversion devices and an 8088 microprocessor, along with various digital circuit accessories. Only one feedback device, in the form of a potentiometer, is used. Velocity is calculated from the sampled position signals.


References 1 Harris T, Masud S, Lamond A, Abu-Habsa M. Traumatic cardiac arrest: a unique approach. Eur J Emerg Med 2015; 22:72–78. 2 De Caen AR, Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Atkins DL, Berg RA, Berg MD, et al. Part 10: paediatric basic and advanced life support: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 2010; 81 (Suppl 1):e213–e259. 3 Slessor D, Hunter S. To be blunt: are we wasting our time? Emergency department thoracotomy following blunt trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 65:297–307. 4 Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, Levin HS. Fluid thresholds and outcome from severe brain injury. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:739–745. 5 Pasley J, Miller CH, DuBose JJ, Shackelford SA, Fang R, Boswell K, et al. Intraosseous infusion rates under high pressure: a cadaveric comparison of anatomic sites. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78:295–299. 6 Liu PT, Samson S, Maurellet JD, Manthous C. Insertion of the dialysis catheter into right atrium or superior vena cava? Clin Nephrol 2011; 75:269–270. 7 Brunner MP, Cronin EM, Wazni O, Baranowski B, Saliba WI, Sabik JF, et al. Outcomes of patients requiring emergent surgical or endovascular intervention for catastrophic complications during transvenous lead extraction. Heart Rhythm 2014; 11:419–425.


Spent lithium ion batteries contain valuable critical metals such as cobalt, copper, lithium and nickel. In order to develop a process for the separation of the divalent metal ions from spent lithium ion batteries, solvent extraction experiments were performed by employing synthetic hydrochloric acid leaching solution. The synthetic solution contained Cu(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II) and its acidity was 3 M HCl. Extraction with Aliquat 336 led to selective extraction of Cu(II) with a small amount of Co(II). After adding NaCl to the Cu(II) free raffinate to enhance the complex formation of Co(II), Co(II) was selectively extracted into Aliquat 336 together with Mn(II). The small amount of Mn(II) in the loaded Aliquat 336 was scrubbed by pure Co(II) solution. After adjusting the pH of the raffinate to 3, 91,3% of Mn(II) was selectively extracted over Ni(II) by the mixture of D2EHPA and Alamine 336. In this extraction, the mole fraction of D2EHPA in the mixture affected the extraction of Mn(II). McCabe-Thiele diagrams for the extraction of Cu(II) and Co(II) were constructed. Batch simulation experiments for the three stage counter-current extraction verified the selective extraction of the target metal ions in each extraction step. Namely, the total extraction percentage of Cu(II) and Co(II) was 71.6% and 98.8% respectively. Most metals in the loaded organic phase were stripped completely with the appropriate agents (1.0 M H2SO4 for Cu(II), 0.1 M H2SO4 for Co(II) and 0.3 M HCl for Mn(II) stripping). A process was proposed to separate the metal ions by solvent extraction.


Brush plating has been an important technology for the mending of the scratched surface of the engineering parts. The heat-resisting steels are common used heat-resisting material in aviation. The process for brush plating mending of deeply scratched surface of the parts made by heat-resisting steels is introduced, the technologic methods of heat-resisting steels are studied and analyzed, the merits of the brush plating mending technology of GH34 heat-resisting steels are discussed in this article.


INTRODUCTION: Pericardial window procedures are generally designed to relieve pericardial fluid pres- sure on the heart, in cases of cardiac tamponade, and to restore the hemodynamic stability of the patient. Rarely, however, may acute left ventricular failure develop after creation of a pericardial window. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We describe a patient in whom that complication developed. We are trying to give an insight to the pathophysiology, existence of potential predisposing factors, as well as to propose therapeutic measures. DISCUSSION: Acute heart failure, developing after pericardiocentesis or surgical creation of a pericardial window is an unusual complication, with several theories developed to explain that paradox. CONCLUSION: Treatment is supportive, but that complication of pericardial window procedures may carry a high mortality rate.


Robert Koch's identification of the tuberculosis pathogen in 1882 is held to be his greatest scientific achievement. In the eyes of his friend and colleague, Friedrich Löffler, the discovery was a "world-shaking event" which resulted in both instant and everlasting fame, turning Koch "overnight into the most successful and outstanding researcher of all times". Paul Ehrlich, remembering Koch's presentation in Emil du Bois Reymond's Institute for Physiology in Berlin on 24 March 1882, called it "my single greatest scientific experience". The sensational character of Koch's achievement, which is noted in Löffler's and Ehrlich's retrospective statements, seems to have been obvious to contemporaries of the event. Albert Johne, writing a history of tuberculosis in 1883, found that history had, in a way, come to an end: "resulting from the latest of Koch's publications, the pathogenic aspects of the tubercle question are settled at large". Koch himself profited from the overwhelming reception by being promoted to the rank of a senior executive officer, Geheimer Regierungsrath, in June 1882. March 24, 1882 thus came to stand for two things: Koch's breakthrough to world fame and a sort of doomsday for tuberculosis. Not surprisingly, the event was held in similar esteem by later biographers: Bernhard Möllers in 1950 called it the "greatest and most important success of his life", and Thomas Brock, Koch's most recent biographer, assessed the discovery of the tubercle bacillus as the first of two steps on Koch's road to fame in the early 1880s. In conjunction with the 1883–84 cholera expedition, which made Koch a hero for the public, the tubercle bacillus indicated his breakthrough in the scientific world.


We describe searches for B 0 meson decays to the charmless final states π 0 K 0 S K 0 S , ηK 0 S K 0 S , and ηʹK 0 S K 0 S . The data sample corresponds to 467 X 10 6 BB pairs produced in e + e - annihilation and collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We find no significant signals and determine the 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions, in units of 10 -7 , B(B 0 → π 0 K 0 S K 0 S ) < 9, B(B 0 → ηK 0 S k 0 S ) < 10, and B(B 0 → ηʹK 0 S k 0 S ) < 2 0.


Outdoor and greenhouse tomato plantings in the main production centres of Cyprus were surveyed for virus diseases during 1978–1982. A disease characterized by prominent leaf yellowing and curling was the most prevalent and damaging. The causal agent was identified as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) because it infected Datura stramonium but not the tobacco cultivars Havana 423 or Virginia, was graft-transmissible but not mechanically or seed-transmissible, and was transmitted persistently by the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Minimum acquisition and inoculation feeding periods were 20–30 and 10–20 min. respectively; the latent period was 21–24 h. The vector was infective for about 12 days, but there was no transovarial transmission to progeny.

Four other, mechanically transmissible, viruses were also isolated from tomato and identified on the basis of symptomatology, indicator host reactions and serology; tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY). potato virus X (PVX), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). These viruses, especially TMV, were commonly associated with mosaic symptoms and occasionally with other leaf or fruit disorders; coinfection with TYLCV occurred frequently.


We report a magnetotransport study of spin relaxation in 1.4-21.2 nm epitaxial SrIrO$_3$ thin films coherently strained on SrTiO$_3$ substrates. Fully charge compensated semimetallic transport has been observed in SrIrO$_3$ films thicker than 1.6 nm, where the charge mobility at 10 K increases from 45 cm$^2$/Vs to 150 cm$^2$/Vs with decreasing film thickness. In the two-dimensional regime, the charge dephasing and spin-orbit scattering lengths extracted from the weak localization/anti-localization effects show power-law dependence on temperature, pointing to the important role of electron-electron interaction. The spin-orbit scattering time $\tau_\text{so}$ exhibits an Elliott-Yafet mechanism dominated quasi-linear dependence on the momentum relaxation time $\tau_\text{p}$. Ultrathin films approaching the critical thickness of metal-insulator transition show an abrupt enhancement in $\tau_\text{so}$, with the corresponding $\tau_\text{so}/\tau_\text{p}$ about 7.6 times of the value for thicker films. A likely origin for such unusual enhancement is the onset of strong electron correlation, which leads to charge gap formation and suppresses spin scattering.


Introduction: Critical thinking skill is an essential factor for success in today's rapidly developing world. The present study was carried out to compare the association between critical thinking disposition and academic achievement in preclinical and clinical medical students. Methods: This study was descriptive-correlational in which the sample included 259 medical students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences selected through stratified random sampling. The standard critical thinking disposition inventory (with validity of 0.8 and the students' report card grades as criterion for academic achievement) was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Kolmogrov-Smirnov and correlation coefficient tests. Results: The mean of critical thinking disposition in the preclinical stage was 209.08±26.24 indicating a significant correlation with academic achievement (p=0.003, r=-2.64). In the clinical stage, however, the mean of critical thinking disposition was 214.07±28.15 which showed no significant correlation with academic achievement. Moreover, the mean of critical thinking disposition and its components in preclinical and clinical stages revealed not significant correlation and merely curiosity component showed a significant correlation (p=0.04). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed no correlation between critical thinking disposition and academic achievement in the clinical stage; however, this correlation was negatively significant in the preclinical stage.


Intelligent Tutoring Systems are widely used coached problem-solving environments (Koedinger, Anderson, Hadley & Mark, 1997; VanLehn, Lynch, Schulze, Shapiro & Shelby, 2005). They are successful, in part, due to their ability to give adaptive feedback (Corbett & Anderson, 2001; Koedinger & Aleven, 2007). More specifically, Intelligent Tutoring Systems adapt to students' behavior and knowledge by tracing students' learning trajectories using a cognitive model of the domain (Corbett & Anderson, 1995). A different family of educational technologies supports students during discovery and scientific inquiry tasks (de Jong & van Joolingen, 1998). However, the large solution space in these tasks, among other reasons, make the model tracing approach very hard to design and implement in these environments (van Joolingen, 1999; Veermans, de Jong & van Joolingen, 2000).


The HIV epidemic contributed to increase of tuberculosis (TB) in Tanzania. There is little information on the disease caused by M. bovis and nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTMs) in Tanzania. This study aimed at generating epidemiological information on M. bovis and NTMs disease, to provide information for disease control tool. The study involves subjects from hospital and community settings in rural and semi-rural districts. We enrolled 468 adenitis patients and 426 randomly selected subjects for the community study. The laboratory tests included: culture on 468 biopsy specimens and biochemical identification, histology on 213 specimens, and HIV test on 154 sera. M. bovis caused one out of ten cases of culture positive TB adenitis. NTMs were more common than M. TB (50% and 40% of the cases, respectively). Details for risk factors histology and challenges for diagnosis of TB in the livestock-keeping communities are described. One health initiatives are highly recommended for research and control of this disease. More information on pulmonary disease caused by M. bovis and NTMs, and resistance pattern to anti-TB drugs is required.


The condition of pseudopregnancy in the rat was first described by Long and Evans. 1 These authors demonstrated that pseudopregnancy could be produced artificially by the introduction of a small glass rod into the cervical canals at the time when the animal was in stages 1, 2 or 3 of the oestrous cycle, as specified by them. Wang 2 corroborated the findings of Long and Evans and recently Slonaker 3 has made additional contributions to the subject. Long and Evans showed that there was no direct nervous connection between cervix and ovary. Slonaker suggests that a substance, most likely to be found in the vaginal or uterine mucosa, is responsible for the continued action of the corpora lutea in pseudopregnancy and possibly in pregnancy. He further suggests that this substance could act either directly on the corpora lutea or through some intermediary agency, possibly the anterior part of the pituitary gland. It has been shown by Smith, 4 Smith and Engle, 5 Evans and Simpson 6 and others that there are one or more substances secreted by the anterior portion of the pituitary body which influence the growth of follicles and the formation of corpora lutea of the ovary. We wish to report results obtained when rats in the first 2 stages of the oestrous cycle are anesthetized for a short time with ether, nitrous oxide, or ethylene, and the cervical canals then stimulated by a small glass rod, as compared with controls which were not anesthetized. The rats used in this study were all healthy and sexually mature. A number of the animals were selected from the stock cages at the time when they were in oestrum, without first determining the regularity of their cycles.


Background. Various periodontal disease can occur in children and adolescents. Some can take place quickly and periodontal tissue damage. Several previous studies indicate that systemic diseases associated with periodontal disease in children. Objectives. This study aims to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in children with leukemia and thalassemia. Methods. The design study is a cross-sectional approach. Periodontal pocket depth measurements performed using the WHO standard of measurement. The samples in this study were drawn from the entire population using accidental sampling method. Sampled population was pediatric patients with leukemia and thalassemia. These patients were undergoing treatment in hospital Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. Results. During the study, children with leukemia as many as 18 patients and children with thalassemia by 8 patients. Distribution of pediatric patients suffering from leukemia by CPITN score; score of 2 as many as 10 patients (55.6%), a score of 1 as 6 patients (33.3%), and score of 0 as many as 2 patients (11.1%). CPITN score in children with thalassemia; scores 2 in 1 patient (12.5%), a score of 1 as 6 patients (75%), and score of 0 by 1 patient (12.5%). Conclusion. From the study, it can be concluded that in children with leukemia or thalassemia, indicating the level of periodontal disease is still high.


The influence of PIN photodetector characteristics on receiver performance for both digital and microwave analog systems is examined, and the implications for device design and packaging are discussed.


The abnormal membrane glycoprotein that we previously found to be associated with malignancy in a wide range of different tumours is present in the cell membrane as a dimer and appears to have a specific binding site for glucose.


75 Inventors: Gary R. Strickler; Von G. Landon; Treangen Guo-shuh John Lee, all of Midland; 57 ABSTRACT William J. Rievert, Beaverton, all of Mich. A method for making glycol in an adiabatic reactor System 73 Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company, including feeding water and an epoxide into at least one Midland, Mich. adiabatic reactor under conditions Such that epoxide and the 21 Appl. No.: 09/207,724 water react to form a glycol product Stream. The adiabatic ppl. No.: 9


The topics of corporate ethics and workplace spirituality have become increasingly important management issues throughout businesses in the United States during the past several years. This renewed interest in ethics and spirituality can be partially attributed to the many illegal and unethical acts of corporate executives that have cost stakeholders billions of dollars. Our objective is to analyze stakeholder ethical theory and its implications within the culture of a spiritual workplace environment. One original premise is that stakeholder theory focuses on the belief that management decisions must be made in light of their impacts upon all stakeholders that may be impacted by these decisions (Freeman, 1994). These stakeholders include stockholders, employees, customers, managers, suppliers, and local communities (Beauchamp & Bowie, 2004). Within the context of this analysis, the primary focus is on one specific group of stakeholders which is employees. Additionally, employees shall be used in this paper as including managers and all subordinate employees actively involved in employment with the organization. As previously mentioned, in addition to the increased focus on corporate ethics, there is a resurgence of spirituality among the American workforce. This interest in spirituality transcends into every aspect of life including homes, relationships, and businesses. Thus, there is a broader spectrum of factors to be evaluated within the context of stakeholder ethics in a spiritual workplace environment. There has been limited research on the impacts of stakeholder ethical theory and its potential impacts on decision making in a spiritual workplace environment. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the impacts of a construct of stakeholder ethics within a spiritual workplace environment.


This paper presents a transaction-level on-chip communication network model, including routers and links, which can be easily employed in a system-level system-on-chip simulation framework for early functional verification and architecture analysis. The model is capable of providing NoC's latency and throughput information during simulating process and developed in SystemC to achieve high simulation speed1.


By establishing a normative framework based on transaction cost,this paper probes into the relationship between the intensification of food's safety monitoring and transaction cost change,and searches for the outlet to break through TBT. Firstly,the analysis is oriented on the macro-organization——country.Secondly, the transaction cost is analyzed at the level of enterprise.Next,the third type of transaction cost model is used to decompose the physical relations between transaction cost and "strategic investment".The main conclusion is that strengthening food's safety monitoring is the only road to reducing the export transaction cost of food and agricultural products and breaking through TBT as well as the efficient path to improving people's life quality and changing trade deficit of agricutural products.


The transport of heat and particles in the relatively collisional edge regions of magnetically confined plasmas is a scientifically challenging and technologically important problem. Understanding and predicting this transport requires the self-consistent evolution of plasma fluctuations, global profiles and flows, but the numerical tools capable of doing this in realistic (diverted) geometry are only now being developed. Here a 5-field reduced 2-fluid plasma model for the study of instabilities and turbulence in magnetised plasmas is presented, built on the BOUT++ framework. This cold ion model allows the evolution of global profiles, electric fields and flows on transport timescales, with flux-driven cross-field transport determined self-consistently through plasma turbulence. Developments in the model formulation and numerical implementation are described, and simulations are performed in poloidally limited and diverted tokamak configurations.


Bisphosphonates (BPs) are synthetic molecules containing a P-C-P backbone and are very well known class of organophosphorus compounds which have many applications in different fields of industry. BPs have high affinity for hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is the main mineral found in bones, and they can chelate several metal ions, such as Mg(II), Ca(II), and Fe(II). BPs are easily taken up by the bone tissue where they can prevent the resorption of bone. This makes them crucial to be used in the treatment of diseases related with increased bone resorption, for instance osteoporosis. The aim of the current research is to show an approach to chemistry underlying the properties of novel chealating agents with BP and polyamine (PA) moieties. In this study, two novel BP-PA conjugates were prepared and characterized by NMR method. This thesis is a part of the investigations based on BPs and their functions in pharmaceutical chemistry field.


In this paper, we propose a space variant backlight compensation method to widen dynamic range of an image without saturation and distortion. Also our method distinguishes originally dark regions from shadowed regions in order to prevent them from being distorted by undesirable correction. Based on a statistical analysis of an input image, different TRCs (tone reproduction curves) are generated and applied.


A new least-squares-type refinement algorithm which updates the parameter values after processing each reflection is tried in comparison with a standard block-diagonal least-squares refinement procedure. A ten-atom problem (C9S) in space group Fdd2, and a 30-atom problem (C26N4) in space group P21/c with varying-quality starting coordinate sets and choices of reflection/parameter ratios were used as test cases. With starting atomic coordinates off by at least ± 0.2 A from the correct values, the new method gives rapid convergence with considerable saving in computation time. The method also gives rapid convergence for both the good and poor starting coordinate sets when the reflection data set for the 30-atom problem was restricted to d > 2 A. For this restricted data set the traditional block-diagonal least-squares method diverged. Computer storage requirements are essentially the same for the new method as for the traditional least-squares methods.


The rising incidence of metabolic syndrome globally has been attributed to sedentary lifestyles and the consumption of high energy diets with a low omega-3: omega-6 fatty acid ratio. Coriander seeds, commonly used for culinary purposes, have beneficial health effects. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with coriander seeds on growth performance, hepatic and visceral adipose tissue lipid storage and circulating metabolic substrates in healthy, growing rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats (150-200 g) were fed either standard rat chow (n = 8) or standard rat chow supplemented with crushed coriander seeds (n = 8; 500 mg kg -1 body mass). After five weeks, there were no significant differences in body mass gain, plasma free fatty acids and triglyceride concentrations of the rats (p > 0.05; t-test). Whilst dietary supplementation with coriander did not affect the lipid content of the liver, it significantly increased the amount of monounsaturated (22.62 ± 6.48% vs 0.65 ± 0.32%) and polyunsaturated (54.89 ± 5.10% vs 22.16 ± 7.79%) fatty acids in the visceral adipose tissue where it also decreased the saturated fatty acid content (p < 0.05; t-test). Coriander increased the omega 3: omega 6 ratio in the visceral adipose tissue which may explain its health benefits. © 2014 Friends Science Publishers


According to the design requirement of bridge paving layer of Gudonghe Bridge in Fu-Chao expressway,the author studies the mix design,performance test and bridge deck paving construction of C50 waterproof concrete with the thickness of 100 mm,and shows that the concrete which uses polypropylene and silicon powder to compensate shrinkage has fine performances of crack resistance,impervious performance,abrasion proof,anti-impaction,anti-fatigue and so on.


Two important signaling pathways of NF-κB and ERK transmit merely one bit of information about the level of extracellular stimulation. It is thus unclear how such systems can coordinate complex cell responses to external cues. Here, we analyze information transmission in the MAPK/ERK pathway that features relaxation oscillations and responds to EGF by pulses of activated ERK. Based on an experimentally verified computational model of the MAPK/ERK pathway, we demonstrate that when input sequences of EGF pulses are transcoded to output sequences of ERK activity pulses, transmitted information increases nearly linearly with time. Moreover, the information channel capacity C (defined as the upper limit of information that can be transmitted over a sufficiently long time t, divided by t), is not limited by the bandwidth B = 1/τ, where τ ≈ 1 hour is the relaxation time. Specifically, when input is provided in the form of sequences of short binary EGF pulses separated by varying intervals that are multiples of τ/n (but are not shorter than τ), then for n = 2, C ≈ 1.39 bit/hour; and for n = 4, C ≈ 1.86 bit/hour. We hypothesize that the primary mode of operation of the MAPK pathway is to translate extracellular growth factor "bursts" into precisely timed intracellular ERK "spikes" of a predefined amplitude. Such pulse-interval transcoding allows to relay more information than the amplitude–amplitude transcoding considered previously for the ERK and NF-κB pathways. Author summary To coordinate their actions, cells communicate with each other by sending, receiving, and interpreting cytokine signals. Cells recognize chemical identity of signaling molecules and process quantitative and temporal properties of stimulation: amplitude, duration, or frequency. Previous studies indicated that the MAPK pathway transmits about one bit of information about the amplitude (concentration) of a stimulating cytokine, EGF. Sending more information may be enabled by temporal signal modulation. Here, we use the conceptual framework of information theory to support a hypothesis that the MAPK pathway, analyzed as a noisy information channel, reaches maximum information transmission rate when receiving sequences of EGF pulses that are transcoded to sequences of activity pulses of an effector kinase of the pathway, ERK. Since the pathway resetting time is about 1 hour, one could expect that—when sending EGF pulses of "0" or "1" amplitude every hour—the pathway is able transmit up to 1 bit per hour. We show, however, that when EGF pulses are separated by intervals that are not shorter than 1 hour and are multiples of 15 min (60, 75, 90 min, etc.), information rate can be nearly 2 bits per hour. We hypothesize that high information rate is necessary to control cell proliferation and motility.


DC-THERA Directory is a web portal to support collaboration, communication and knowledge sharing within DC-THERA, a community focused on immunology. We show how we have faced the problem of representing and managing highly heterogeneous and interconnected knowledge. One aspect of the application interface is the search and navigation through web ontologies. Another aspect is the dynamic representation of information entities having variable sets of properties. These results have been achieved by adopting a modelling approach that combines traditional object-oriented modelling with a triple-based knowledge representation. We discuss advantages of such an approach, especially for what concerns the possible future integration of other information sources.


The problem of children and young people who sexually
offend or harm others as a result of their sexual
behaviour has been the subject of international commentary
for over 50 years (Chaffin et al., 2002). Most
current knowledge has emerged since the mid-1980s
following the establishment in the US of a number of
early intervention programmes to address this issue.
It was not until the early 1990s with the publication of
the Report of the Committee of Enquiry into Children
and Young People Who Sexually Abuse Other Children
(NCH, 1992) that the existence of children and young
people with harmful sexual behaviours was brought
into the professional consciousness in the UK; progress
in the development of practice responses to this
issue since then has been steady. A range of specialist
assessment and intervention services has been established
in the voluntary, private and statutory sectors
across the UK, though there are areas where significant
gaps in service remain (Smith et al., 2013). Many
Local Safeguarding Children Boards or Child
Protection Committees across the four nations of
the UK now acknowledge the issue of young people
with harmful sexual behaviours in their interagency
procedures and policy documents. There is, however,
evidence to suggest that knowledge and awareness is
not evenly distributed amongst professionals more
generally (Criminal Justice Joint Inspection, 2013).


Background and aims: Cats carry a lot of zoonotic parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) which causes toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded animals. Toxoplasmosis includes wide range of symptoms in its intermediate and definitive hosts but the worst symptoms have been seen in pregnant women and also on immunocompromised hosts. Considering the importance of the fact that cats are as the only definitive host that spread  T. gondii oocytes in environment, it is necessary to obtain comprehensive information about the role of cats in life cycle of T. gondii.
Methods: This comparative study was done during the January 2012 to February 2014, a total of 210 feral cats were captured by hand made traps. Age, sex, season and locality were documented. Blood samples from carotid vein were collected. Sera were separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min and stored at 20oC until laboratory examination. Serum sample of 210 feral cats from 20 villages of Golestan province were obtained and analyzed for presence of Ig G antibody against T. gondii by ELIZA Kit.
Results: The frequency of T. gondii infection in serum samples was 85% (180/210). Percentage of T. gondii infection was similar in male and female and different seasons but significant difference was recorded between sampled villages. Also the seropositivity rate of T. gondii had positive relationship with age (P˂0.005).
Conclusion: High seropositive results of the current study highlight the risk of endemic toxoplasmosis in the sampled rural ecosystem. Performing suitable screening test in rural population, keeping feral cats far from the villages, controlling of feral cats population by sterilization and making villagers aware of toxoplasmosis danger are recommended.


This document describes the design of the ICG. Flowcharts and functional description of the modules are detailed so that an implementation, in combination with a prototype, is possible. Not included is the upload of instrument tables and software patches to the TerraSAR-X instrument. These tasks are described in the  Astrium TerraSAR-X Instrument User Manual, planned for  spring 2004.


Don't be mistaken. The media have been paying growing – yet intermittent – attention to the Court's output in parallel to its greater impact on people's lives and businesses. Yet – if the Court is indisputably no longer blessed "by the benign neglect of the media" as presciently revealed by Eric Stein – the focus of public scrutiny may now be broadening, its very nature shifting and duration set to endure.


A field experiment was carried out during 2001 and 2002 at Agricultural College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, to study the effect of conjunctive use of nutrients in rice on rice (Oryza sativa L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cropping system. Rice fertilized with 75% recommended level of 120 kg N/ha and supplemented with 25% N through organic sources removed more N,P and K from the soil and gave significantly more seed yield (39.57 q/ha) than by the application of N through the fertilizer alone. The yield was increased to 43.67 and 42.91 q/ha by substituting 25% N through the bulky organic manure of FYM and vermicompost. The substitution of 25% N through green leaf manures, viz. Gliricidia and sunnhemp, increased the production to 41.83 and 43.90 q/ha.


The pantothenic acid content of brewing materials and products has been determined by microbiological assay using Lactobacillus arabinosus as test organism.

Pantothenic acid is synthesized by the germinating barley corn during the malting process. Most of the vitamin in the malt passes into the worts. The content in finished beers depends largeiyon the yeast used, some yeasts removing a portion of the pantothenic acid during fermentation, whilst others leave the wort unchanged and still others enrich the wort with respect to the vitamin.

Two single-cell cultures of brewers' yeast were found to need pantothenic acid or β-alanine for growth; a third required neither.


When Amorbia cuneana and omnivorous looper show signs of building up, releases of an egg parasite can effectively augment natural control.


J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye (1951) and Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar (1963), both serve as masterpiece accounts of teen angst and intricate detailed workings of the mind post world war when society was growing on one side with new foliage of technological innovation aimed at improving the lifestyle of human beings, on the other was on a slowyet painful process of moral, individual and spiritual decay as men and women had given way to the evils of the surplus and easy way of living. Not only were relationships coming under the radar of suspicion with humans doubting and betraying each other, a major issue of serious concern was on the rise as well that being the changing dynamics of adolescent brain and mind. Prone to modernization, the functioning of the mind of teenagers was undergoing a tremendous change where overt sensitivity was on rise. This paper focuses upon the main themes of (I) ideals cherished by both the protagonists, their view on them as individuals of the society, (II) on sexuality and (III) the serious issue of suicide which had been sought out as the best means of escape as their surroundings fail to bend according to their visions. This paper makes special efforts at analysing the same by bringing into it the status of relationship of the protagonist with his or her family member, peers, teachers and counsellors and how exactly it helps in expressing who they are and what they want.


[Objective] The study was to understand the mineral elements content in wild Artemisia annua L and provide reference for the establishment of its quality standard.[Method] The leaves of A.annua L of a population in Duan,Tianlin, Longsheng county,Cenxi and Beihai city of Guangxi were collected respectively, and the contents of macroelement,microelement and heavy metals in leaves were determined.[Result] Macroelement such as P,K,Ca and Mg and microelement such as Fe,Mn and Zn were abundant in the leaves of A.annua L and the contents of heavy mental elements which were harmful to human were few.The average content of N,K,Ca,P,Mg was 32.6,31.1,8.94,4.14,3.02 g/kg resp.,and the average content of Fe,Mn,Sr,Zn,Ni and Se was 406,122.5,57.7,52.8,3.60 and 0.069 mg/kg resp.The content of heavy metals was in order as CuCrPbAsCoCdHg.[Conclusion] Leaves of A.annua L produced in Guangxi had higher value in mineral nutrition.


This paper numerically simutates three rows holes of a high-pressure gas turbine stator on the leading edge.The injection angles of the row of holes are 30°,45°,60° and 90° to the radial direction,respectively,the lateral direction angles are all 90 deg.The pretreatment technology is used in dividing mesh grid.It also analyzes the influence of the leading edge of film cooling effect on the surface aerodynamic parameters and cooling efficiency on condition that the cooling mass flow is 1.25% of main flow and compares and studies the association between the different mass flow rate and flow losses,the efficiency of the turbine stage.The results show that when the radial jet angle decreases,the vibration amplitude of pressure and mach number near the area of cooling hole is weakened,the temperature of the blade decreases with Cooling mass flow increases,but the amplitude of temperature gradually decreases.The total pressure loss coefficient and energy loss coefficient increases with the mass flow increase.The stator inlet flow and efficiency of turbine stage are decreased with the cooling mass flow increased.


Post-harvest requirements for high quality export table grapes include retention of water vapour and fumigation gas, rapid cooling, avoidance of water droplets, packing of condensation-free fruit and good materials handling practice. Conflicts can arise when trying to satisfy the requirements. One of the major conflicts is between rapid cooling and condensation. If grapes are cooled below the dewpoint before packing, the condensation which forms on the fruit can cause problems. The condensation problem can be avoided by using two stage cooling. With this system the grapes are cooled to the dew point temperature or higher, packed, then cooled to the storage temperature. Alternatively packing hot fruit, then cooling it immediately, avoids condensation problems, but has management difficulties in ensuring rapid cooling. A number of potential cooling/handling systems for table grapes are described and assessed using various constraints and criteria. Several systems are suitable for implementation. The best for a particular enterprise can be selected according to the needs, skills and capital of the operator.


Maize (Zea mays L.) varieties Gange 5. F2 of Ganga 5 and Deccan were grown under four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) to study their fodder yield poten tiality, crude protein and mineral contents. The crop was harvested at four periods of growth (40, 50, 60 and 70 days after sowing) and evaluated. The experiment was con ducted under irrigated condition in a sandy clay loam soil with low, medium and high in available N. P and K status respectively. The results of the study indicated that the variety Ganga 5 registered higher green matter and crude protein yields and P and Mo contents than the rest of the varieties, while they did not differ in their crude protein and Ca contents. The crude protein, P. Ca and Mg contents decreased with the age of the crop, while dry matter content increased. It was suggested that harvesting of maize varieties for fodder purpose between fiftieth and sixtieth day after sowing, was found to be ideal for better green matter yield with higher crude protein and mineral contents. Nitrogen fertilization at 100 kg N/ha. was found to be sufficient for all the three varieties. Application of nitrogen had increased the fodder yield, crude protein and mineral contents.


The Nanjing National Government,which was in a transition period from tradition to modernity,drew lessons from western countries and constructed a settlement mechanism for medical disputes,which not only took shape in the aspects of legislations,organization,personnel,etc,but also worked out many normative regulations or documents that embody the spirit of western laws.However,the mechanism often met challenges from Chinese traditions when it was in operation.This paper studied the settlement mechanism for medical disputes during the Nanjing National Government Period through some historical judicial cases and from the aspects of litigation,mediation and reconciliation.The results show that judicial organs were not able to completely resolve disputes according to the strict western doctrines and they often gave full consideration to Chinese traditions;judicial officers could not make independent judgments,and had to draw support from medical organizations or government.Therefore,the conflict between fully-westernized top-level design and deeply-rooted traditional culture is the main reason for the failure of the mechanism during the period.


The collaboration of agricultural production,studying and researching has tremendously boosted agriculture sicence and technology and flourished agricultural economy.Intellectual property and shared mechanism of benefits in the collaboration is always a key problem which affect effective collaboration.Based on scholars' reviews,this essay discusses the present problems such as lack of intellectual property incentive mechanism,lack of systematic management,perceiving and attribution divergence,etc.It proposes legislating,completing the intellectual property protection system and establishing long-lasting effective risk sharing mechanism and benefit-sharing mechanism.


This paper introduces a new imaging method for X-ray coherent scatter based on a new medical digital radiography device. An experimental equipment was set up and the scatter images obtained with it. The scatter images are made of some circles with the same center. With image processing, the energy distribution curve extracted from coherent scatter images. The experiment results show that this method is reasonable and feasible. The study will have wide foreground of application.


The use of water is ubiquitous in agricultural practices for irrigation, washing and cooling purposes. As fresh produce is consumed raw, product contamination with pathogens should be avoided. Water can be both source of or vector for transmission of pathogens. Therefore, maintaining the microbial quality of water used in both pre- and postharvest processes is of great importance and water disinfection is an efficient tool to ensure water quality. Due to some negative influences of chlorination on health and environment, a.o. harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs), the search for alternative disinfection techniques has notably increased. The aim of the study was to characterize the criteria that influence decision making when assessing possible disinfection technologies in order to prevent produce associated pathogens. The research leading to these results has been facilitated by the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) under grant agreement no 244994 (project VEG-i-TRADE).


Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis and renal-limited anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis are the main ANCA-associated vasculitidies (AAV). Multiple induction therapies for AAV exist and have proven successful in achieving disease remission. Azathioprine and methotrexate have been used to maintain remission of AAV, however, relapse rates and adverse effects with these medications remain high. Rituximab (RTX), a B cell depleting monoclonal antibody, was shown to be safe and effective in maintaining disease remission in AAV in early retrospective reviews. In 2014, the first randomized control trial to compare RTX and azathioprine in maintenance therapy of newly diagnosed AAV (MAINRITSAN trial), revealed that patients who received RTX after cyclophosphamide induction had higher rates of sustained remission, fewer adverse effects and, better overall survival rates as compared to azathioprine. MAINRITSAN 2 revealed that patients receiving tailored regimens of maintenance RTX received fewer infusions but did not have higher rates of relapse than patients who received fixed dose therapy. The RITAZAREM trial conveyed that patients who experienced AAV relapse after induction therapy that received induction and maintenance RTX were significantly less likely to develop a relapse at 24 months vs . patients who received maintenance therapy with azathioprine. Overall, these studies suggest that maintenance therapy with RTX represents an exceptional treatment option in patients with AAV in terms of safety and efficacy, resulting in lower relapse rates and less drug toxicity than conventional treatments. As a result, patients have fewer exposures to cytotoxic medications and thus, improved outcomes.


A SRF linac based free electron laser user facility is under developed at Peking University. Energy recovery linac technology was chosen for increase of average electron beam current, hence, increase of the free electron laser power. In this paper we present a conceptual design of beam transport line which satisfies requirement of ERL. A chicane consisting of four identical bend magnets is selected for path length adjustment up to plusmn18 degree. R56 of both arcs of the beam line is adjustable for full bunch compression.


Mechanism of the stress corrosion cracking of high-strength aluminum alloys was investigated using electrochemical, mechanical, and electron microscopic techniques. The feasibility of detecting stress corrosion damage in fabricated aluminum alloy parts by nondestructive testing was investigated using ultrasonic surface waves and eddy currents.


Summary The western offshore of India has been divided into five peri-cratonic basins viz., Kutch offshore, Saurashtra offshore, Bombay offshore, Konkan offshore and Kerala offshore basins from north to south. These basins extend beyond the shelf into the deepwaters and are separated from each other by east-west trending positive basement features viz., Saurasht ra Arch, Son-Narmada Lineament, Vengurla Arch and Tellicherry Arch respectively. These features have had a crucial role in the evolution of these basins. Out of these basement features, the Saurashtra Arch is most prominent because of its size and tectonic intensity. It separates the northern Kutch basin from the southern Saurashtra basin and extends from the land across the shelf plunging into the deepwater realm. The Kutch-Saurashtra deepwater is a frontier area for hydrocarbon exploration. This region is having a bathymetry range of 400m to 3000m and is located to the west of present day shelf break, off the coast of Gujarat State, Western India. To the north of this area lies the Indus region of Pakistan. Geologically, the area forms the northern part of the Laxmi basin, which is situated east of Laxmi ridge and separates it from the Arabian basin. The application of structural/tectonic interpretation and modeling of recently acquired regional 2D seismic data across the Saurashtra Arch has been attempted to understand its origin in the deepwaters for the first time. The Arch has been envisaged to have undergone three stages of evolution viz., 1] Late Cretaceous Volcanic Ridge stage, 2] Early Paleocene crestal collapse and rifting stage and 3] Lower to Middle Miocene tilting stage. In deepwater, the Saurashtra Arch is more than 250 KM long and around 60 Km wide and is characterized by fascinating text book style horst and graben architecture. The Volcanic origin of the Saurashtra arch is supported by innumerable evidences of volcanicity in terms of dykes, sills and hydrothermal vents. The Arch has also played an important role in controlling the Indus fan sedimentation in Kutch and Saurashtra basins.


These are extended notes from a talk at the 202One Talbot Workshop on Ambidexterity. Their purpose is to explain how to use Lurie's work on elliptic cohomology to recover character isomorphisms in chromatic homotopy theory due to Hopkins–Kuhn–Ravenel and Stapleton. The main tool is a basechange result for tempered cohomology theories; the proof relies on an ambidexterity result for tempered local systems.


Optimization problems with partial differential equations as constraints arise widely in many areas of science and engineering, in particular in problems of the design. The solution of such class of PDE-constrained optimization problems is usually a major computational task. Because of the complexion for directly seeking the solution of PDE-constrained optimization problem, we transform it into a system of linear equations of the saddle-point form by using the Galerkin finite-element discretization. For the discretized linear system, in this paper we construct a block-symmetric and a block-lower-triangular preconditioner, for solving the PDE-constrained optimization problem. Both preconditioners exploit the structure of the coefficient matrix. The explicit expressions for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the corresponding preconditioned matrices are derived. Numerical implementations show that these block preconditioners can lead to satisfactory experimental results for the preconditioned GMRES methods when the regularization parameter is suitably small.


The XMM-Newton X-ray observatory has repeatedly observed the CDFS in 33 epochs (2001-2010) through the XMM-CDFS Deep Survey. During the X-ray observations, XMM-OM targeted the central 17x17 arcmin2 region of the X-ray field of view, providing simultaneous optical/UV coverage of the CDFS. The resulting set of data can be used to build an XMM-OM catalogue of the CDFS, filling the UV spectral coverage between the optical surveys and GALEX observations. We present the UV catalogue of the XMM-CDFS Deep Survey. Its main purpose is to provide complementary UV average photometric measurements of known optical/UV sources in the CDFS, taking advantage of the unique characteristics of the survey. The data reduction is also intended to improve the standard source detection on individual observations, by cataloguing faint sources by stacking their exposure images. We reprocessed the XMM-OM data of the survey and stacked the exposures from consecutive observations using the standard SAS tools to process the data obtained during single observations. Average measurements of detections with SAS good quality flags from individual observations and from stacked images were joined to compile the catalogue. Sources were validated through the cross-identification within the EIS and COMBO-17 surveys. Photometric data of 1129 CDFS sources are provided in the catalogue, and optical/UV/X-ray photometric and spectroscopic information from other surveys are also included. The stacking extends the detection limits by ~1 mag in the three UV bands, contributing 30% of the catalogued UV sources. The comparison with the available measurements in similar spectral bands confirms the validity of the XMM-OM calibration. The combined COMBO-17/X-ray classification of the "intermediate" sources (e.g. optically diluted and/or X-ray absorbed AGN) is also discussed.


This paper discusses issues related to providing version control in hypertext systems. Many of the software engineering issues in versioning also apply to hypertext, but the emphasis on linking and structure in hypertext raises some new problems. The issues can roughly be divided into two categories. Datamodel issues, which will be referred to as structural issues, and user interface issues, which will be referred to aa cognitive issues. Both structural and cognitive issues will be described and divided into simpler problems which will be named and described, and it will be shown that composites serve aa a good starting point for solving both structural and cognitive problems of versioning.


To train high quality talents,universities must train a high quality teaching staff.While attaching importance to teachers' professional quality,moral training must be emphasized.To further do well of teachers' moral training is a vital task in reinforcing teaching staff training.


Piloted simulation studies of cockpit traffic display concepts require the development of representative traffic scenarios. With the exception of specific aircraft interaction issues, most research questions can be addressed using traffic scenarios consisting of prerecorded aircraft movements merged together to form a desired traffic pattern. Prerecorded traffic scenarios have distinct research advantages, allowing control of traffic encounters with repeatability of scenarios between different test subjects. A technique is described for generation of prerecorded jet transport traffic scenarios suitable for use in piloted simulation studies. Individual flight profiles for the aircraft in the scenario are created interactively with a computer program designed specifically for this purpose. The profiles are then time-correlated and merged into a complete scenario. This technique was used to create traffic scenarios for the Denver, Colorado area with operations centered at Stapleton International Airport. Traffic scenarios for other areas may also be created using this technique, with appropriate modifications made to the navigation fix locations contained in the flight profile generation program.


Abstract Nutrient composition analyses of three commercially spray-dried whole egg, white, and yolk products were conducted. Samples were obtained from industrial sources, pooled, packaged under a nitrogen atmosphere (except white), and stored under refrigeration. Values were obtained for total nitrogen, lipid, calories, ash, amino acids, minerals, fatty acids, and vitamins. An equation, whole egg = .28 egg white + .72 egg yolk, relates the amounts of each component in the three products. Prior to this work most data on egg products were adapted from shell egg values.


Summary The present study aimed at testing the hypothesis of a link between mental stress and blood platelet function. Twenty-nine 19-year-old men were recruited from the 98th percentile of mean blood pressure (116 mmHg) at a routine medical screening. They were not informed about their elevated blood pressures at the time of the screening. One year later they were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 16) was exposed to mental stress by a letter informing them about their high blood pressure, while group 2 (n = 13) was sent a neutral letter. At an examination 2 weeks later, heart rate (p <0.05) and plasma adrenaline (p <0.05) responses to a cold pressor test were exaggerated in the informed group. The plasma beta-thromoglobulin (pTG) concentration was elevated in the informed group (p <0.05) as was mean blood pressure (p <0.05). (3TG correlated positively with hematocrit (r = 0.59, p <0.005) and mean blood pressure (r = 0.43, p <0.05), and negatively with plasma HDL (r = −0.61, p = 0.001). The study shows that awareness of hypertension induces a hyperadrenergic state which is associated with the platelet release reaction. Under these circumstances platelet release seems to be correlated to established coronary heart disease risk factors.


What Sociological Perspective of Drepanocytosis in Parents living in Kisangani, D.R. Congo? Joseph – Désiré OLEKO WA OLEKO*, Salomon A. BATINA, Antoinette O. HAKONYANGE, Pierre O. LOHOHOLA, Hervé MWAMBA, Dorothée TSHILANDA and Puis T. MPIANA Institute superior of the medical techniques of Tshumbe, P.O. BOX. 64 Tshumbe, DR Congo Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, P.0. BOX. 2912 Kisangani, DR Congo Faculty of Letter and Humen sciences, University of Kisangani, P.O/ BOX. 2912 Kisangani, DR Congo Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, P.O. BOX. 190, Kinshasa, DR Congo *Corresponding author: OLEKO WA OLEKO., Ph: +243 81 56 26 506, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: June 12, 2018, Accepted: August 28, 2018, Published: August 28, 2018. ABSTRACT:  The lack of basic structures for the screening and management of the sociocultural sickle cell disease remains a major problem in the cure of this pathology in DR Congo. Hence the need to carry out our investigation of the experiences and emotions of these parents. Our study is a qualitative research conducted with parents in Kisangani in December 2017. Inclusion criteria (parents living with their child sickle cell under 18 years of age living or dead) and, that of non-inclusion (living parent away from his sickle cell child). The qualitative approach is used to establish the community diagnosis in order to identify the problems, needs and resources related to a good management of this pathology as the parents feel. Our results were drawn based on a thematic analysis articulated on the circumstances of discoveries of the disease, the repercussions of the disease and the perception of management. This analysis showed significant psychosocial repercussions for the parents of sickle cell children and the stigmatization in the social and school life of children with sickle cell disease. The care of children with sickle cell disease is very expensive and remains only medical. However, the family of sickle cell does not benefit any psychological support. The Congolese State must put in place a care management policy based on a total approach to the disease. Keyword: Sickle cell disease, sociological perspectives, parents, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.


It is a concept synonymous with human behaviours. Since man cannot exist in isolation, then in the course of interactions with other members of the community there will be disagreements, intrigues and misunderstanding. The disagreement or misunderstanding occurs in forms of revolution or war. The reasons for the conflict may be as a result of cheating or struggle for a beneficial goal. To make peace and/or put an end to the conflicts, various measures are adopted by both parties and intervening parties to reach an agreement or compromise. In understanding the meaning of conflict, it must be seen from the perspective of inter-group relations whether, as individuals or groups.


In this paper we show how the results of two preceding papers on the retarded solutions of Maxwell's equations may be transcribed to advanced solutions. We also give the results of the retarded surface integral for the advanced solution, and in the n · J = 0 case, also for the retarded solution, and the half sum and half difference of the advanced and retarded solutions.


The communication strategies implemented by ELT students may vary depending on their oral ability. This research aims to analyze the strategies most commonly used by English language learning male and female students and the communication strategies that affect their oral performance. English Department of Universitas Negeri Padang is the object of this research who is the representative of ELT students. This research is a descriptive research, using qualitative methods to directly observe human natural things and phenomena from the scene. The data were derived from video recordings of conversations and oral reports to investigate the students' communication strategies and problems in communication. The design is still in the preliminary stage and still continuing. The data will come from the observation of students' utterances on their speaking performance. As a result of the study, the ability of male and female students in speaking performance is identified and categorized into sixteen types of communication strategy by


In this study we are concerned to improve the deflection of the loading arm with new suggested style , where the BEM techniques has been used to estimate a deflection at each distance (x) for the main part of loading arm pipe (3'') , thereafter a simplified stiffener has been added to optimize a moment of inertia of this main part thereby the deflection will be better , for this purpose a case study has been considered according to international standard for the pipe specification that  investigated to illustrate the goal of this work, adding to this ANSYS  program  has been used to verify the calculation.


Purpose: It has been argued that a 3D-conformal technique (3DCRT) is suitable for SBRT due to its simplicity for non-coplanar planning and delivery. It has also been hypothesized that a high dose delivered in a short time can enhance indirect cell death due to vascular damage as well as limiting intrafraction motion. Flattening Filter Free (FFF) photon beams are ideal for high dose rate treatment but their conical profiles are not ideal for 3DCRT. The purpose of our work is to present a method to efficiently segment an FFF beam for standard 3DCRT planning. Methods: A 10×10 cm Varian True Beam 6X FFF beam profile was analyzed using segmentation theory to determine the optimum segmentation intensity required to create an 8 cm uniform dose profile. Two segments were automatically created in sequence with a Varian Eclipse treatment planning system by converting isodoses corresponding to the calculated segmentation intensity to contours and applying the "fit and shield" tool. All segments were then added to the FFF beam to create a single merged field. Field blocking can be incorporated but was not used for clarity. Results: Calculation of the segmentation intensity using an algorithm originally proposed by Xia and Verhey indicated that each segment should extend to the 92% isodose. The original FFF beam with 100% at the isocenter at a depth of 10 cm was reduced to 80% at 4cm from the isocenter; the segmented beam had +/−2.5 % uniformity up to 4.4cm from the isocenter. An additional benefit of our method is a 50% decrease in the 80%-20% penumbra of 0.6cm compared to 1.2cm in the original FFF beam. Conclusion: Creation of two optimum segments can flatten a FFF beam and also reduce its penumbra for clinical 3DCRT SBRT treatment.