Dear Editor, Nagashima-type palmoplantar keratosis (NPPK) is a recently established autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratosis caused by loss-of-function mutations in SERPINB7, which encodes a member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily. NPPK patients show non-progressive erythematous hyperkeratosis not only on the palmoplantar skin but also on the dorsal side of the fingers, inner wrists and Achilles tendon area, which is known as transgrediens. NPPK patients often present with hyperhidrosis and odor of the palms and soles. Here, we report an NPPK patient harboring a novel nonsense mutation in SERPINB7. The patient's palmoplantar hyperhidrosis and odor were successfully treated by the topical application of a 10% aluminum potassium sulfate lotion and 2.5% benzoyl peroxide gel. A 36-year-old Japanese man presented with a history of hyperkeratosis of the palmoplantar skin for more than 30 years. His parents were non-consanguineous and his parents and brother had no palmoplantar keratosis. Physical examination of the proband revealed bilateral reddish hyperkeratosis on the palms and soles (Fig. 1a). The lesions extended to the dorsal skin of the hands and feet, the flexor aspects of the wrists and the Achilles tendon area. The patient had hyperhidrosis of the hands and severe hyperhidrosis with odor on the soles. He did not have episodes of tinea infection. A 10min immersion in water induced whitish spongy changes on his palms. Histological analysis of tissues taken from the hyperkeratotic erythematous lesions on his dorsal hand and wrist showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, slight parakeratosis in the lower layers of the stratum corneum, acanthosis with


Dr. S. Takahashi, Internal Medicine, Nishi-Kofu National Hospital, 3368 Yamamiya-cho, Kofu, Yamanashi 400 (Japan) Table 1. Changes of body weight (BW), kidney weight (KW), systolic blood pressure (SBP), hematocrit (Ht), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (S-Cr), urinary protein excretion (UP), inulin clearance (Cin), p-aminohippuric acid clearance (Cpah), and glomerular sclerosis index (SI) p < 0.01 vs. week 0; b p < 0.001 vs. week 0;c p < 0.05 vs. LPD; d p < 0.01 vs. LPD. Dear Sir, The effect of low-protein diet (LPD) on the progression of chronic renal failure (CRT) in humans is controversial. A recent multicenter trial [ 1 ] has reported the absence of benefit of LPD. In that study, the authors mentioned that the expected mean decline in the glomerular filtration rate at 3 years did not differ significantly between the usual protein diet and LPD. However, we can see the tendency for LPD to retard the progression of CRF since the decline of the glomerular filtration rate from 28 months to 36 months in LPD was low as compared to that with the usual protein diet. If that study had been continued for a longer period of time, we suggest that the effect of LPD might have become significant. On the other hand, in animals, the effect of LPD on the progression of CRF was clearly recognized from a delay in the appearance of glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis and glomerular hypertension [2-4]. The administration of oral adsorbent (AST-120, Kureha Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Tokyo) delayed the progression of CRF by inhibiting the occurrence of glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis and glomerular hypertension [5, 6] similar to LPD. It has been demonstrated recently that indoxyl sulfate, an endogenous metabolite of dietary protein, promotes glomerular sclerosis and that either LPD or AST-120 reduces the level of serum indoxyl sulfate, resulting in a delay in the appearance of glomerular sclerosis [7]. There is a possibility that the mechanism by which LPD and AST-120 retard the progression of CRF is the same. Theefore we investigated whether there was a synergetic effect between LPD and AST-120. LPD Sixteen male SD rats weighing 285-325 g were subjected to 4/5 nephrectomy by resection. All the rats were given free access to water and LPD (14% protein). The study was started 2 weeks after surgery. One half of the animals were fed LPD and the other half were fed LPD containing


strictly regulated. Besides what may be called the natural preservatives, there is a class of chemical substances called Antiseptics. Their operation varies considerably; in some cases they act simply by comhining more or less firmly with water ; in others by coagulating albumen which is one of the nitrogenous Ingredients of food most prone, in the presence of moisture, to putrefactive change; in others they act by preventing the development of ferments, or by killing any that exist. Food preservation is naturally an art of very ancient origin, and is common to every country in the world in some form or other. The principal methods for effecting it are by (1) Drying (heat), (2) Smoking, (3) Salting, (4) Sugar and Vinegar, (5) Exclusion of air, (6) Certain mineral or organic antiseptics, .


This letter proposes a low-leakage SRAM using power-gating and voltage-level control. The power-gating scheme significantly reduces leakage power by shutting off the power supply to blank memory cell blocks. The voltage-level control scheme saves leakage power by raising the ground line voltage of SRAM cells and word line decoders in data-stored memory cell blocks. A SRAM chip was fabricated using a 1.2V CMOS process. The leakage powers are and for 0~100% memory usage in active and sleep modes, respectively. During the sleep mode, the proposed SRAM consumes 12.5~30.5% leakage power compared to the conventional SRAM.


Certain ingredients in food caramelized to enhance food flavor during Maillard reaction. However, Maillard reaction products or high‐molecular‐weight materials with different physical and chemical properties were also formed through this reaction. MRPs in food are able to modify the bacterial intestinal ecosystem and metabolite, which is of great importance for the optimal usage of nutrients and maintenance of both intestinal homeostasis and balanced health status of the consumer. The objective of this study was to create lysine‐sugar (glucose, fructose and galactose) conjugates by the Maillard reaction (MRPs) and establish the impact of MRPs on the human intestinal microbiome. We used microbiome models of the human gastrointestinal tract, which have strictly anaerobic conditions and estimated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Also we measured fluorescence intensity and analyzed the production of MRPs markers, furosine, HMF and CML and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolite by HPLC. MRPs showed significantly increased level of fluorescence intensity and furosine, HMF and CML formation. The MRPs affect the growth of gut commensal bacteria, particularly lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, whose levels increased significantly.There was a corresponding shift in the bacterial metabolites with increased levels of the SCFAs lactate, propionate and acetate and decreased butyrate. These changes in microbial composition and SCFA may have beneficially impact on the intestinal environment. Finally we have known that what kind of lysine‐sugar conjugates is good for human gastrointestinal health.


This paper follows the question if newly introduced surveillance laws and programmes have led to an authoritarian mode of governmentality in Austria in the light of a higher threat perception. As in other countries, terrorism and crime have undergone a process of securitization in Austria, leading to a higher desire for control in order to tackle those threats. However, while other countries have faced serious attacks on their soil, Austria remains free of substantial threats, yet still the government has introduced strict surveillance laws. Based on Foucault's concept of governmentality and Dean's assumption that governmentality can contain illiberal techniques and practices in liberal regimes, this paper gives an insight into the rationales behind Austrian surveillance governance.


Summary

Damage due to Has occurring in some acidic, heavy paddy soils and peaty fishponds is usually preceded by falls in temperature and atmospheric pressure. The O2, content of the water layer increases with the fall in the temperature and, as the redox-level sinks in the mud, the superficial layer of the mud is oxidized and H2SO4 is formed which releases H2S from the sulphide in its environment. The decrease of atmospheric pressure lifts the gases including H2S from the hollows of the mud into the water layer and thence into the atmosphere. The gases carry colloidal particles and render the water turbid. The released H2S may result in root-rot and deficiency diseases in the rice plants, and algae bloom and fish death in the ponds.


This paper intends to analyze metadata and audio analysis features from a random sample of one million popular tracks, available in the Million Song Dataset (MSD), and assess their potential of making it into the Billboard hot 100 song list. Through the use of various machine learning different models, we can determine the interaction and importance of different variables over time and their effects on the success on the Billboard charts. With such knowledge, we can access and identify the past music trends and help producers with the steps to create the perfect commercially successful song.


The present invention relates to an electric kettle intelligent thermostat insulation structure comprising a plastic upper seat and the rocker, an upper seat mounted on top of the plastic shrapnel FireWire, live terminal, shrapnel neutral, neutral terminal, insulating sheet, and heat-sensitive temperature sheet assembly operation, by pressing or pulling the rocker, so that the zero line and the live wire shrapnel shrapnel terminal corresponding to touch or separate live terminal and the neutral terminal, the power on or off to achieve said plastic top upper seat mounting further terminals have insulation sheet, live wire or zero line shrapnel shrapnel shrapnel in parallel with the insulation sheet touch the terminals connected through a parallel connection, the other rocker arm extending downward in parallel to the elastic sheet, by pressing the rocker, the power supply is turned on, Rocker arm further upward the top insulation sheet provided in parallel with the elastic piece against the terminals, and the terminals of the parallel separate shrapnel insulation sheet, extend the life of the insulation sheet, so that more intelligent control of the electric kettle, to improve results.


In this work, we develop an algorithm based on graph networks to train distributedly a deep learning model. We consider that there are several nodes, in an arbitrary network topology, each one of them having access to a local dataset that, for privacy concerns, cannot be shared with other nodes. We also assume that there are bandwidth constraints, and hence, it may not be affordable sharing the weights of the model with other nodes. Our algorithm makes use of pruning and an autoencoder to train under all these constraints, and our simulations show that it provides a good accuracy, while preserving the privacy of the data and providing a compression of nearly two orders of magnitude in the transmitted bits.


THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRESS, APPRAISAL AND COPING PROCESS AND EATING DISORDERS SEPTEMBER 19 97 ALEXANDRA SASCHA GRIFFING, B.A., UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Morton G. Harmatz The role of stress as a contributing variable in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders has been examined in past research. However, research is needed that focuses on the role that the appraisal and coping process may play as well (Cattanach & Rodin, 1988) . In order to address this issue, 241 undergraduate women completed the Bulimia Test, the Stress Level Severity Scale, the Personal ProblemSolving Inventory, the Coping Strategies Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self -Esteem Scale. Subjects were classified into one of three groups: bulimic (n=24), symptomatic (n=25) or asymptomatic {n=192). As hypothesized, the three groups differed from one another in a linear fashion in their experience of stress, selfappraisal of problem-solving ability, and in the use of disengaged styles of coping. Clinical implications of the findings will be discussed.


Improvement of patient's compliance has always a challenge towards the development of oral drug delivery system. Different dosage forms are available in the market among all oral dosage form is preferred one. However, the incompliance of pediatric & geriatric patients the scientists worked towards fast dissolving solid dosage form to encounter existing drawbacks with unique palatability and rapid disintegration. The concept of fast dissolving tablet came into existence in late 1970s. Recently, fast dissolving drug delivery systems have started gaining popularity and acceptance as new drug delivery system, because they are easy to administer and lead to better patient compliance. For further improvement in existing technologies and newer technologies has been succeeded and still research is going on in improvement with its preparation methodologies all over the globe. Fast dissolution tablets have faster disintegration and dissolution rate and release within 30 seconds as they come in contact with saliva. These systems also obviate the requirement of carry water during drug administration. As fast dissolving tablets falls under desired expectation of safer, convenient and economical solid dosage forms, several techniques have been developed to improve disintegration quality in the recent past years. This article mainly focuses on patented technologies with recent advancement made so far in the field of the fast dissolving tablets.


Terror management theory (TMT) posits that the need for self-esteem develops out of the socialization process in which children learn to abide by parental and, eventually, societal standards of 'goodness' to feel securely embedded in a cultural belief system. According to TMT, feeling safely immersed in a meaningful conception of reality (i.e., the cultural worldview) ultimately functions to protect people from anxiety due to the uniquely human capacity to be cognizant of their eventual death. After presenting the basic tenets of this perspective, we review several lines of research supporting it and then address some common questions and criticisms of the theory such as how is a TMT view of anxiety consistent with evolutionary principles, why do people commit suicide, and how is self-esteem pursued in non-Western, self-effacing cultures? Finally, we discuss some implications of TMT for understanding social problems and for pursuing meaning and self-esteem in healthier, more socially productive ways. In this article, we advance the central proposition of terror management theory (TMT; Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) that self-esteem functions to buffer people from anxiety resulting from an awareness of human mortality. This notion was originally formulated by the cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker, whose all-consuming passion was to answer the broad question, 'Why do people behave the way they do?' Becker felt that the only way to answer this question was to piece together the most basic insights about the human condition gleaned from the biological and social sciences. Through his search, Becker (1971, 1973, 1975) ultimately came to the conclusion that the self-esteem motive evolved to mitigate existential fear engendered by the uniquely human capacity for self-awareness. We begin this article by summarizing Becker's provocative analysis, which forms the basic propositions of TMT. We then review some of the research efforts that stand in support of TMT and address some common critiques of the theory. In closing, we discuss how the theory provides insight into social problems and points to avenues for


European policies acknowledge cities' major roles in building greener and just urban habitats. When rethinking cities' spatial organisation, the call is for creating better liveability conditions at the level closest to citizens. In this frame, research into the impacts of COVID-19 has led to a revival of neighbourhood planning and the 15-Minute City has been proposed as a successful model for cities' recoveries in the name of regained proximity to collective facilities. This article questions the long-lasting neighbourhood image that the 15-Minute City refers to, by exploring recent experiences that renewed its application. We begin with a literature review, and then develop an evidence-based approach to a deeper analysis of policy design and implementation focusing on the Italian city of Milano. Discussion and conclusions highlight critical issues and potentials of the 15-Minute City. If the threat is that of a simplified and rhetorical use of this idea, its ability to gather plural actions under an appealing flagship can be a powerful driver for urban regeneration policies. However, being more than just a reproducible spatial model, the 15-Minute City needs to be handled as a complex planning device, whose effective implementation depends on the specific characteristics of the urban environments it applies to and on the strong intertwining of different policy fields and tools.


This paper discusses the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) between Taiwan and China. It examines its contents, trade-expectations, and problem areas. Since "cooperative behavior" (as demonstrated in the signing and implementation of the ECFA) does not have the functional equivalence of "trust" in cross-Strait ties, the paper identifies some of the pathways that a post-ECFA ecosystem could provide for Taiwan in the coming years, and the risks they present.


Abstract The structures within the gill pore of lampreys are shown to be a new taxonomic character. Papillae along the posterior margin of the gill pore cup, termed marginal papillae, vary in number, size, shape, and arrangement among species. The size and shape of a central process that extends posteriorly from the mid-lateral area of the wall of the gill pore cup is also of taxonomic significance. Examples are provided to show that there is stability of the character within an individual and among populations of a particular species. However, an example of the variation in counts over the range of Lampetra ayresii indicates that it is the average number of papillae, their arrangement, shape, and associated size in addition to the shape and size of the central process that may be of taxonomic significance. Examples of the usefulness of the new characters are provided for L. pacifica and Entosphenus folletti. The numbers and size of the marginal papillae readily distinguish L. pacifica from L. richardsoni. The number of marginal papillae and shape of the central process indicate that the holotype and paratypes of E. folletti may not be the same species. The full taxonomic value of these structures remains to be determined, but these initial studies indicate that the structures within the gill pore cup provide a method of improving the interpretation of speciation in lampreys, particularly for nonparasitic species.


Photo-activated electrons reduce reactants and photo-generated positive holes oxidize them in photocatalysis. The electrons and the holes, however, mostly or partly recombine yielding thermal energy before being used for the reactions because photocatalyst particles are basically symmetry, and thereby cannot generate any effective electric field to separate the electrons and the holes. Both the reduction and the oxidation proceed in the same space simultaneously in conventional photocatalysis reactors using suspended or supported catalyst particles, and thereby reduced products tend to be oxidized and oxidized products to be reduced. These reverse reactions and the infertile recombination of electrons and holes lower photon-efficiency of photocatalysis. In an effort for preventing the reverse reactions and the recombination to raise photon-efficiency, the authors proposed and fabricated a reactor equipped with a hetero-sided photocatalyst plate, that is, a conductive metal plate coated with photocatalyst at its front surface and with a reduction catalyst such as Pt at its back surface. The hetero-sided photocatalyst plate can generate the effective electric field to drive the electrons and the holes opposite directions due to its asymmetrical structure and the Schottky potential generated at the interface between the reactant solution and the photocatalyst. The plate divides the reactor volume into two spaces, oxidation and reduction spaces. The reactor equipped with the hetero-sided photocatalyst plate achieved a high photon-efficiency (the external quantum yield) 20%, five times as large as the undivided reactor, when hydrogen was generated from acidic water in the reduction space while formic acid was oxidized in the oxidation space.


The detection of crack growth in aircraft structures through the use of acoustic emission techniques has been demonstrated to be feasible in recent years. Numerous problems still remain to be overcome, but a new DARPA program will address the most critical areas and build a flyable acoustic emission monitor demonstrating the new technology. A history of the field and a program overview are given.


Adequate prior warning of impending disaster can save many lives and
alleviate property loss. However, when a community or an area is fore-warned and the predicted disaster does not materialize a very negative public reaction toward the officials who issued can develop. This is especially
true where evacuation procedures are carried out.
Previous disaster studies have indicated that repeated instances of warning not followed by some
visible danger cues, result in disbelief or nonacceptance by people in general.
As in Aesop's fable, the cry, "Wolf!" repeated too often without subsequent validation ultimately produces a response of either inaction or active rejection.
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This paper will take the stand that to understand the labor productivity difference between Canada and the United States, it is essential to understand the source of the different rates of TFP (MFP) growth between the two countries.


Background: Lung cancer remains the most fatal tumorous disease in the worldwide. Among that, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was the most common histological type. A precise and concise prognostic model was urgently needed of LUAD. We developed a 23-gene signature for prognosis prediction based on EMT, immune and stromal datasets.Methods: Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to select genes which were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) of the TCGA LUAD cohorts. LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to build the multi-gene signature. Enrichment analyses and a protein-protein interactions (PPI) network were performed to show the interaction and functions of the signature. A nomogram was developed based on risk score and other clinical features. Predictive performance of the signature was externally validated in two independent datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE37745 and GSE13213).Results: A total of 1334 EMT, immune and stromal associated genes were obtained. After LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a 23-gene signature for risk stratification was built. K-M curves showed that the patients with high risk had a poorer outcome. Finally, a nomogram was built to predict prognosis. The predictive performance of the 23-gene signature was confirmed in internal and external validation.Conclusion: We developed and verified a 23-gene signature based on EMT, immune and stromal gene sets. It provided a convenient and concise tool for risk stratificationand individual medicine.


The objective of this research is to improve the learning activeness and learning result in the subject matter of Melakukan Prosedur Administrasi of the students in Grade X AP 1 of State Vocational High School 1 of Sukoharjo through the application of the cooperative learning model of the Jigsaw type. This research used theclassroom action research with two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four phases, namely:(1) planning, (2) implementation,(3) observation and interpretation, and (4) analysis and reflection. The subjects of research were the students as many as 36 in Grade X AP 1 of State Vocational High School 1 of Sukoharjo in Academic Year 2014/2015. There search involved the teacher of the subject matter of Melakukan Prosedur Administrasi, there searcher, and the students of the school. The data of research were collected through observation, in-depth interview, documentation, andtest. The results of research show the students"improvement of learning activeness and learning resultin the subject matter of Melakukan Prosedur Administrasi as shown by the improvement in CycleIand CycleII. Prior to the application of the learning model of the Jigsaw type, the average score of their learning result is7 3.19 with the percentage of 47.22%, and the percentages of their learning activeness in the aspects of visual activity, speaking activity, listening activity, writing activity, mental activity, and emotional activityare 52.78%, 47.23%, 41.66%, 38.89%, 41.66%, and 36.11% respectively. Following the treatment, the average score becomes 76.86 with the percentage of 66.67% in CycleIand 80.44 with the percentage of 86.11% in Cycle II. Inaddition, and the percentages of their learning activeness in the aspects of visual activity, speaking activity, listening activity, writing activity, mental activity, and emotional activity become 72.22%, 61.11%, 84.34%, 61.11%, 91.67%, and 91.66% in CycleIand 88.88%, 91.88%, 94.44%, 94.44%, 97.22%, and 97.22% in CycleII. Thus, the application of the cooperative learning model of the Jigsaw type can improve the learning activeness and learning result in the subject matter of MelakukanProsedurAdministrasi of the students in Grade X AP 1 of State Vocational High School 1 of Sukoharjo in Academic Year 2014/2015.


There were various kinds of active ingredients good for human health contained in grapefruit,such as flavonoids,naringin,essential oil,and dietary fiber.The methods of extracting the active substances in grapefruit were mainly reviewed,which were ethanol method,adsorption method,naringinase method,supercritical fluid extraction,membrane separation method,microwave method,and ion exchange method.


The Dashi mountainous area of Guangxi is rich in water resources and high in rainfall,but drought disasters occur frequently and are getting worse.This paper analyzed the causes from the aspects of the area ratio of slope farmland,soil erosion,the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall,controllability water projects,utilization ratio of water resources,and drought resistance capacity,etc.Using 17 evaluation indices selected from three aspects of natural,social and economic environment,the vulnerability of the hazard-bearing body was analyzed using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy,and the drought vulnerability in the study area was assessed.Results show that,drought vulnerability size and drought risk index size are positively correlated in the Guangxi' Dashi mountainous area,i.e.,drought vulnerability is generally more severe if drought risk index is larger.Main indices which affect drought vulnerability include karst area ratio,land desertification rate,slope farmland ratio,forest coverage rate,irrigation rate,effective reservoir capacity per capita,drought emergency water supply facility size and level of urbanization etc.This study explored the drought causes of Guangxi's Dashimountainous area,and provided a basis for taking effective control measures,reducing the vulnerability of drought and strengthening the drought risk resistant ability.


The contribution presents results of investigation on the influence of various hydraulic additives (crude and after activation at elevated temperature) on the properties of lime, cement and mixed cement-lime mortars. It was established that the best mechanical properties could be ascribed to lime mortars (their mechanical strength is many times higher than of "virgin" ones) and cement-lime mortars (their mechanical strength increases from tens to over 100%) modified by means of metakaolinite only. Their water resistance increases too while their capillarity decreases. Differentiated physical and mechanical properties can be achieved by mixing of aggregates with lime and cement-lime binders (with metakaolinite) in a selected ratio. Such mortars can find a wide application to conservation. The addition of metakaolinite to cement mortars based on a high-grade cement brand 45 does not upgrade their mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the application of such mortars may be positive because of immobilisation of calcium hydroxide.


Wedescribe the fabrication and properties of arrays of optically-transmitting 3Dnanocylinders and nanocoaxes on free-standing, flexible, thinfilmsmade from anegative photoresist. The fabrication includesmostly standard lithographic techniques, enabled by the use of a release layer that allows separation of the thinfilm from the substrate in a simplefinal step. The chemical andmechanical stability of the polymer film and release layer enabled us to producemicrostructures bymultilayer photolithography aswell as subsequent deposition ofmetal–insulator–metal layers to yield nanoscale coaxial pillars.We demonstrate the robust andflexible qualities of samples in interest of possible uses inwearable electronics and opto-bioelectronic interfacing.


The college physical education course is the last stage in students' physical education.Therefore,how to make college students form the ideology of life sports in the physical education course to lay the foundations of life sports for them is a research subject for the whole college physical teaching staff.The author proposes the reform ideas aiming at further research into the subject.


Study and development of a prototype for measuring the electrical consumption of a home, carrying out the integration of several technologies with the intention of achieving an integrated solution, in this way that demonstrates the viability of a unified prototype for measuring and acquiring electricity rates. The research, design, testing and development process for the construction of 3 modules covering the needs of reading, processing and visualization of the results is described. Various alternatives are evaluated in the process and the most appropriate options are chosen to achieve the objectives. In the first module the data is acquired, the construction of the necessary circuit is detailed, as well as the configuration and development of the integration with the microcontroller. In the second module programs for data storage and processing are developed, the program for the acquisition of updated electricity rates is also developed.The data is displayed on a local web page served by the device accessing the data stored in the database, the web and the services necessary for its operation are developed in the third module. This work is not intended to be the development of a product, rather a proof of concept and the starting point for other projects or the improvement of the modules presented here.


Baryons with a single heavy quark are being studied experimentally at present. Baryons with two units of heavy flavor will be abundantly produced not only at future colliders, but also at existing facilities. In this paper we study the production via heavy quark fragmentation of baryons containing two heavy quarks at the Fermilab Tevatron, the CERN LHC, DESY HERA, and the NLC. The production rate is woefully small at HERA and at the NLC, but significant at {ital pp} and {ital p{bar p}} machines. We present distributions in various kinematical variables in addition to the integrated cross sections at hadron colliders. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Morocco has for twenty years been in what is officially described as a transition to democracy. During the former king Hassan II negotiations with the opposition resulted in two constitutional reforms and a new government in 1998 dominated by the former opposition parties. In the 2000s two important law reforms were made: a new law of personal status in 2004 and a new constitution in 2011. The new constitution was followed by parliamentary elections which resulted in a coalition government dominated by a moderate Islamist party. The adoption of the new law of personal status in 2004 was preceded by a campaign by the women's movement for over a decade and an attempt at reform by the new government in 1999 that was thwarted by opposition from conservatives and Islamists. After the crackdown on Islamists in the wake of the terror attacks in Casablanca 2003, Muhammad VI put all his weight behind a new law which was adopted in the parliament in 2004. This law introduced profound reforms through inventive interpretations of the Islamic tradition, notably the Maliki one. For example, the introduction of a new procedure for divorce, called shiqaq with reference to a Koranic verse (4:35), gave women equal authority to initiate divorce as men. The new law also defines family as under the leadership of both the spouses, instead as under only the husband as in the previous law. However, in order to retain the law's Islamic character the rules on distribution of inheritance were not reformed. In spite of this the king announced in 2008 that Morocco would withdraw its reservation form the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women arguing that it now fulfilled all conditions. As a direct result of demonstrations for reforms during spring 2011 a new constitution was adopted in a referendum the same year. While the new constitution contains limited reforms of the power relations between elected politicians and the king, it redefines the Moroccan nation as a multicultural one by emphasizing the contributions of all its components. While recognizing the place of minorities in Moroccan society this recognition of diversity at the same time emphasizes the king's role as the unifying factor above social and political contention. (Less)


Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The microbial community of IBD patients has a lower abundance of butyrate producing species as compared to healthy individuals. Butyrate has well described beneficial effects on the gut function, but the delivery into the gut is still problematic. Administration of butyrate producing bacteria that are able to colonize the gut is therefore a promising treatment strategy.
In this study a novel butyrate producing isolate, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, was evaluated in vitro for its probiotic potential. The survival during passage of the stomach and small intestine was evaluated by batch incubations. The colonization efficiency and metabolic activity of B. pullicaecorum under colon conditions was evaluated with an in vitro dynamic human gut model (M-SHIME).
The batch experiments showed that B. pullicaecorum is able to survive the passage of the stomach and small intestine. The first results of the M-SHIME experiment showed an increase in Butyricicoccus species after treatment.
We can conclude that B. pullicaecorum is still a promising candidate as a new probiotic strain in IBD. Further analysis of the M-SHIME experiments will learn us more about its colonization efficiency & metabolic activity.


Many stocks are subject to some kinds of resale restrictions in the …nancial markets.In this paper, we introduces the short sale constraints into a three asset consumption-portfolio choice model and propose the Utility Indi¤erence Discount (UID) to measure the discount of the restricted stocks. We consider di¤erent short sale constraints and study the their impact on the UID of restricted stock. The results could help us understand the economic sense of short sales constraints on the value of restricted stocks and help resolve the argument on the magnitude of discount due to resale restriction.


This paper gives a short description of the computations and model studies for the University of Maryland four-sectored magnet and a brief review of important field parameters. The important aspects of the extraction system will be surveyed. Particular attention is given to shaping the field such that problems created by the proximity of the ?z= 0.5, ?r = 2?z and?r = 1 resonances are minimized.


We thank Dr Ahmad and colleagues for their thoughtful comments.1 Haemodynamic instability has significant prognostic implications for patients diagnosed as having acute pulmonary embolism (PE), and guidelines generally recommend consideration of treatment with thrombolytic agents.2 3 At the other end of the spectrum, different …


Effect of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), damage on the forage production of susceptible and resistant cultivars of soft red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., was investigated in three experiments. Hessian fly damage reduced total dry matter yield of forage by 14 to 46%. Damage in all experiments was greatest during the first cutting when plants were in the seedling stage. Total forage yield declined linearly with increasing percentage of infested tillers when January infestations exceeded about 10%infested tillers. Low to moderate levels of Hessian fly damage reduced forage yield primarily by a reduction in tiller size and weight rather than tiller density. Severe infestations reduced tiller size and density. Hessian fly damage did not greatly affect crude protein or acid detergent fiber content of forage. Our study documents the potential risk of severe Hessian fly damage to wheat forage production. The economic benefit of using host plant resistance to control the Hessian fly in winter wheat grown for forage averaged $105/ha in these studies.


The large-scale implementation of emission reduction strategies in the agriculture, forestry and other land uses (AFOLU) sector raises questions about their sustainability. For example, second-generation bio-fuels threaten biodiversity and the reforestation of agricultural land increases food prices. In addition, these emission reduction strategies are highly dependent on socio-economic conditions describing the rest of the food system (agricultural trade liberalization, economic development, population growth, etc.). For example, an increase in food demand, due to population growth and economic development, can increase pressures on the food system, leading to ecosystem degradation and increased greenhouse gas emissions. In this thesis, we seek to clarify the impacts on biodiversity, food and greenhouse gas emission of large-scale mitigation strategies in the AFOLU sector under different socio-economic conditions. To do this, we used prospective modeling to simulate various global land uses in 2030, 2050 and 2100 under different scenarios. More specifically, to study the impact of different mitigation strategies on biodiversity indicators, we coupled the Nexus Land-Use (NLU) model with the Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (PREDICTS) biodiversity model. A nitrogen balance is also built to specify the link between intensification and environmental impact.In the first chapter, we assessed the impact of scenarios of increased legume production in Europe on greenhouse gas emissions in the AFOLU sector. We found that the main environmental benefit of legumes is to provide proteins as a substitute for animal products rather than enabling a lower consumption of synthetic fertilizer through the increased leguminous nitrogen fixation. Most of the emission reduction takes place in the animal production sector and outside Europe. This first chapter also highlights the importance of indirect mechanisms that lead to a reduction in N2O emissions associated with nitrogen fertilization in the plant sector. The sensitivity of these results to different reforestation scenario led me to then focus on the interactions between mitigation strategies.In the second chapter, we analyzed the trade-offs and synergies between biodiversity and food security for different combinations of mitigation scenarios. Large-scale bioenergy production had negative effects on different biodiversity indicators (species richness and biodiversity intactness index) as well as on different food security indicators (food prices and production costs). Although presenting a trade-off between biodiversity protection and food security, a combination of diet change and reforestation scenarios can improve biodiversity and food security in many cases compared to a situation without mitigation.In a third chapter, we identified global land-use scenarios that ensure to stay within planetary boundaries in terms of nitrogen cycle, biosphere integrity, non-CO2 emissions from the AFOLU sector and forest conservation. We showed that despite the uncertainty surrounding the determination of global boundaries, the most robust environmental scenarios that ensure to stay within these global boundaries are mainly composed of reforestation, dietary changes and increased efficiency in the use of inputs in crop production.


This work presents an example of in situ imaging of particles, suspended in liquid, in a vacuum compatible microfluidic sample holder using a suite of tools including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), highlighting the advantage of multiscale analysis in material sciences. Nanometer-sized boehmite (AlOOH) particles synthesized at our laboratory are used as a model system in this work [1]. Such particles exist in high-level radioactive wastes at the Hanford site. It is known that they are difficult to dissolve and cause rheological problems for processing in the nuclear waste treatment plant. Therefore, it is important to build the capability to characterize boehmite particles suspended in liquid.


The execution time is a requirement as much important as the computed result when designing real-time systems for critical applications


Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) represents a major challenge in patients following the fenestrated Fontan procedure. These patients are prone to thrombosis within the Fontan tunnel due to the low blood flow velocity. The communication between the Fontan tunnel and the common atrium may enable systemic embolization and can cause a stroke. Effective on-going anticoagulation is necessary. Given the high risk of arterial and venous thrombosis with HIT, alternate anticoagulation management is essential as soon as HIT is suspected. We are reporting on two patients who developed HIT antibodies and thrombocytopenia after exposure to heparin during a Fontan procedure. Both the PF4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LIFECODES® PF4 IgG assay) and the heparin-induced platelet aggregation test (HIPA, Institut fur Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Greifswald, Germany) were positive. The children were treated with argatroban (Argatra®, Mitsubishi Pharma), a direct thrombin inhibitor. In only one patient was HIT associated with thrombosis within the Fontan tunnel.


The invention relates to a pump/turbine system, comprising a turbine having a turbine rotor and a spiral turbine casing; a pump having a pump impeller and a spiral pump casing; an electric machine, which has a drive connection to the shaft or can be brought into such a connection; and a hydraulic short-circuit can be produced between turbine and pump. The invention is characterized by the following features: the turbine has a higher rated output than the pump.


According to the problem that the traditional Apriori algorithm needs to scan database frequently, an improved strategy and corresponding algorithm is put forward in this paper. This method, only when L1-candidates are produced, scans the transaction database D. The rest frequent itemsets are produced through the scan of preceding result in place of the transaction database. The improved algorithm reduces I/O load and has higher efficiency.


Misuse of opioids during pregnancy affects more than 5% of pregnancies in the United States (1). Infants exposed to alcohol or drugs in utero are at risk of developing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Several different approaches are used to treat NAS, and no universal standard exists. Morphine and methadone are commonly used pharmacological treatments (2). This randomised, double-blind, intention-totreat trial compared the short-term safety and efficacy of treatment with morphine versus methadone in infants with NAS. Although 183 patients were consented, recruitment did not meet the sample size target as 66 infants did not require pharmacotherapy. Therefore, only 117 patients were randomised to treatment groups. Analysis was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle, projected to detect a difference in primary outcome of hospital length of stay (LOS) of 2.3 days. Secondary outcomes were considered exploratory given they were not accounted for in initial power calculations. No significant difference was found in the primary outcome of hospital LOS with unadjusted analysis. Adjusted analysis showed a reduction in mean LOS of approximately 2.9 days with the use of methadone, compared with morphine. Recruitment did not meet the sample size target; therefore, power to detect the pre-specified difference in LOS was diminished. However, when compared to the observational arm, the randomised group had shorter LOS, LOS due to NAS and treatment length suggesting that protocolisation of care practices itself may lead to improved outcomes. The study was delayed initially given a lack of commercially available preservative-free formulation of methadone suitable for infants. Recruitment was challenging with significant numbers of parents declining randomisation citing reasons including fear of social or legal ramifications. Increasing focus on non-pharmacological management of NAS, such as the Eat, Sleep, Console assessment approach (3), was apparent over the course of the study with an overall decline in pharmacotherapy requirement. Recruitment ceased before the planned sample size was attained for reasons not explicitly stated. Previous studies have similarly suggested shorter median treatment times using methadone for NAS, compared with morphine. A retrospective study by Patrick et al. (4) involving 1424 infants from 14 centres showed methadone to be associated with reduced LOS, compared with morphine. Brown et al. (5), in a single-centre study of 31 infants, demonstrated a shorter duration of pharmacotherapy with the use of methadone, compared with morphine. Contrary to these studies, a small retrospective study of 26 neonates by Young et al. (6) found that methadone was associated with longer LOS, compared with morphine. A recent systemic review of 18 trials comparing a number of pharmacotherapies used in treatment of NAS suggested that buprenorphine is the optimal treatment with morphine the lowest ranked pharmacotherapy in terms of LOS and treatment time (7). This study suggested treatment of NAS with methadone was somewhat better than morphine in terms of short-term outcomes and LOS. The long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with methadone use are unclear and require further investigation. Standardisation of pharmacotherapy approaches to NAS would require further appropriately powered trials and evidence of long-term outcomes. Indeed, with increasing success with non-pharmacological management of NAS, the pharmacological options may become less relevant.


Tailpipe emissions from on-road vehicles have negative impacts on the air quality of a region and are influenced by several factors including driver behavior, road characteristics, and traffic conditions. Typically vehicles on arterial roads frequently stop and then accelerate, a behavior that produces more tailpipe emissions than does maintaining a steady speed. Microscopic simulation models generate synthetic vehicle activity that can be used to estimate emissions on a facility. For emissions to be estimated accurately from an arterial facility, the simulated activity must closely represent the activity observed in the field. This study investigated whether a selected set of simulation parameters that used speed trajectories observed in the field at high temporal resolution could improve the emissions estimated from a simulated signalized arterial corridor. The simulated trajectories and those observed in the field were characterized by vehicle-specific power (VSP). Emissions were estimated with VSP modal emission rates and the time spent by vehicles in each VSP mode. The emissions were compared for routes along an urban arterial facility and for shorter segments within routes. At both spatial scales, the emissions from parameter-adjusted simulation vehicles that had the same average number of stops and travel time distribution as vehicles observed in the field were closer to real-world emissions than were the simulation vehicles under default model parameters. Adjusting the parameters also allowed the model to capture emissions hot spots along the routes more accurately. Currently, microscopic simulation models are calibrated with traffic performance measures that are improving. The findings from this paper present the potential for using these improving emissions estimates from simulated vehicle activity for the additional calibration of microsimulation models.


Assistant Professor, MLR Institute Of Technology Hyderabad (India) email@example.com, email@example.com Abstract: Image fusion play an important role in medical diagnosis .In medical diagnosis, the edges and outlines are very important than other information. Therefore to preserve edge like features we are using image fusion technique. Image fusion is the process of combining relevant information from two or more images in to single image .The fused image should give more complete information. As we know that the image with higher contrast contains more edge like features. In this view, we proposed a new medical image fusion scheme based on improved wavelet coefficient contrast, which is defined as the ratio of the maximum of detail Components to the local mean of the corresponding approximate component. The visual experiments and quantitative analysis explains the effectiveness of this contrast image fusion method compared to present image fusion methods especially for medical diagnosis.


The present study was conducted to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Pb & Zn) contaminants in water, sediments and fish of the Mae Kuang River, Northern Thailand during July, 2008-June, 2009. It was found that the worst water qualities in dry seasons were caused by low water flow, municipal effluents and industrial discharges. The surface water in the river was classified into class 3-4 referring to medium-fairly clean water used for consumption after special water treatment. Pb and Cd in water were below detection limits, while Zn concentrations in water ranged 0.01-0.11 mg L -1 . The Pb, Cd and Zn concentrations in sediment were 3.13-27.56, <0.02-0.43 and 3.42-10.32 mg kg -1 , respectively. No Cd and Pb residues were found in Henicorhynchus siamensis and Puntioplites proctozysron flesh, while the concentrations of Zn in these fish were 4.57-6.58 mg kg -1 . On the other hand, Pb and Cd residues in snakehead fish (Channa striata) were <0.05-2.13 and <0.02-0.24 mg kg -1 wet weight, while the concentrations of Zn in these fish were 3.37-12.19 mg kg -1 . This information provides a useful reference in heavy metal contamination in the Mae Kuang River for river management. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers


Aprotinin, also known as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor(BPTI), is a serine proteinase inhibitor. It is widely used for clinical purpose. Aprotinin is naturally extracted from bovine lungs. In this paper, production of aprotinin with genetic engineering method was described. The recombinant gene for BPTI with FXa cleavage site was fused into expression vector pGrxA. When induced with IPTG, the fusion protein was expressed in E.coli. Origami TM up to 10% of total protein. After purification, the fusion protein was specifically cleaved with FXa and the recombinant BPTI without N-terminal extended amino acid residual was obtained, and the recombinant BPTI appears the same characterization as native BPTI.


AbstractBehavior-based safety (BBS), which contains definition, observation, intervention, and test, is proven to be useful in safety management on-site. Safety training is regarded as an effective...


Herein, we propose a seed-mediated growth method for synthesis of gold nanorices directly grown on the substrate using silver seed. The as prepared sample was characterized using UV-Vis spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis spectrum of the sample shows transversal surface plasmon resonance (t-SPR) peak at wavelength 541 nm and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (l-SPR) peak at wavelength 730 nm. The FESEM image confirmed the morphology of gold nanostructures are rice-like shape. Typically, the nanorices have long axis (a) 55.54±3.30 nm, short axis (b) 28.71±2.30 nm, and aspect ratio (a/b) 1.98±0.09. The XRD pattern of the sample at diffraction angle (2θ) in the range of 10o-70o reveals three peaks at 38.18o, 44.48o, and 64.67o which corresponding to (111), (200), and (220) Bragg's reflection of face centers cubic lattice Gold (ICSD file No. 98-005-3763). The strong peak intensity at 38.18o represents the nanorices growth in the (111) direction. The gold nanostructures with rice-like shape which exhibit two localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) thus it has very potential for application in plasmonic sensing


Current research indicates that future atmospheric CO 2 concentration may be increased more than predicted value by furthering of soil organic matter decomposition due to global warming. The information on soil organic matter decomposition property in long-term warmer environment has not yet been obtained. We have carried out artificial soil warming experiment in six forest sites having different vegetation in Japan for long time. We planed vertical C measurement of soil core at an even-green Japanese oak forest in Setonaikai region (Higashi-Hiroshima). A soil core was collected from both the soil warming and the control plot in December 2011, and was cut into 1cm layers in laboratory. Each sample was hydrolyzed with 1N HCl overnight to remove inorganic carbon in the sample, and then was analyzed particulate organic carbon (POC) and organic nitrogen (PON) by an elemental analyzer. For C analysis by an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS), soil samples adjusted to a weight of approximately 3mg-C were first converted to CO 2 gases by combustion with CuO and Ag foil at 900 °C, and then purified cryogenically in a vacuum line. The CO 2 gas samples were reduced to graphite with H 2 gas over Fe powder. The C/C ratios of the sample graphite were measured at the Tandetron AMS Facility in the Mutsu Office of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The C results are expressed as ∆C. The typical analytical error of the ∆C values was about ± 4‰ based on the 1 σ value of the counting statistics. Both of POC and PON weight percent in the soil were high above 3cm depth and decreased sharply with depth from 5cm to 15cm. Both of POC and PON of the soil warming plot were 20-30% lower than those of the control plot irrespective of depth above 15cm depth. The result indicates that the soil warming experiment was encouraged the microbial decomposition of soil organic matter up to comparatively deep layer. The ∆C profile of the warming plot was unique with a maximum (220 ‰) at 5cm depth, although the ∆C of the control plot was approximately constant from surface to 10cm depth. In terms of ∆C vertical profile above 10cm depth, although the ∆C of the warming plot above the 3cm depth having POC >15 wt% were lower than those of the control plot, the ∆C of the warming plot below the 3cm depth were obviously higher than those of the control plot. The results indicate that microbes selectively decomposed young POC at surface layer and old POC at intermediate layer by the soil warming experiment.


It has been reported that the ferroelectric B 2 soft mode of KDP in time-domain was observed directly by the impulsive stimulated Raman scattering with a heterodyne detection method (HD-ISRS). With 80 femtosecond laser pulses, the initial process in the extremely early stage of the B 2 mode excitation observed for the first time in time-domain. The signals are analyzed using the modified Debye model (MDM) which gives phenomenologically the initial process of the Debye model. MDM produces a poor fit to the initial process of the B 2 mode in contrast to the good fit to its relaxation process. This indicates that a new model to describe a whole time dependence of the B 2 mode is needed.


Distinguishing objects of interest on the seafloor from clutter remains a key problem facing the automatic target recognition (ATR) community. Because scattering at high frequencies relates more to the geometry of the scatterer, traditional ATR on high frequency imaging sonars is known to suffer in areas of high clutter. Recently, there has been interest in low frequency (1–50 kHz) wideband imaging sonars, because the complex combination of external (geometric) and internal (elastic) scattering that occurs in this frequency range is thought to improve classification in areas of high clutter. This work investigates the classification problem of distinguishing unexploded ordnance (UXO) from clutter using image-based Convolutional Neural Networks on the TREX'13 dataset. This dataset consists of experimental and modelled acoustic backscatter for objects interrogated acoustically at 3–30 kHz across a range of aspects. The model data are used exclusively for training, and the experimental data are used exclusively for testing purposes. The generated feature-set is a combination of acoustic colour and perceptual features, which are derived from modelling how humans perceive timbre. Further in an effort to address the differing amplitude modulations between sets of model and experimental data and improve classified performance, several moving window normalizations will be investigated. Distinguishing objects of interest on the seafloor from clutter remains a key problem facing the automatic target recognition (ATR) community. Because scattering at high frequencies relates more to the geometry of the scatterer, traditional ATR on high frequency imaging sonars is known to suffer in areas of high clutter. Recently, there has been interest in low frequency (1–50 kHz) wideband imaging sonars, because the complex combination of external (geometric) and internal (elastic) scattering that occurs in this frequency range is thought to improve classification in areas of high clutter. This work investigates the classification problem of distinguishing unexploded ordnance (UXO) from clutter using image-based Convolutional Neural Networks on the TREX'13 dataset. This dataset consists of experimental and modelled acoustic backscatter for objects interrogated acoustically at 3–30 kHz across a range of aspects. The model data are used exclusively for training, and the experimental data are used exclusiv...


Superconductivity in LaRu3Si2 with the Kagome lattice of Ru has been investigated. It is found that the normal-state specific heat C/T exhibits a deviation from the Debye model down to the lowest temperature. This may be induced by the existence of some high-frequency phonon modes or by the electron correlation effect. A relation C/T = gamma(n) + beta T-2 - AT lnT which concerns the electron correlations can fit the data very well. The suppression to the superconductivity by the magnetic field is not the mean-field type, which is associated well with the observation of strong superconducting fluctuations. The field dependence of the induced quasiparticle density of states measured by the low-temperature specific heat shows a nonlinear feature, indicating the significant contributions given by the delocalized quasiparticles. The Wilson ratio determined for this material is about 2.88, indicating also a strong correlation effect.


Abstract We reviewed all patients with dissociative disorders (nine patients with dissociative amnesia or dissociative fugue) and conversion disorders (10 patients) who were admitted and treated during the past 15 years. Needs frustrated at the appearance of the symptoms and those fulfilled at discharge were studied in both groups using Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The patients of both groups who encountered troubles in their life events were found to have frustrated needs. These symptoms tended to be accompanied more often by frustrations regarding a 'need for love' in the dissociative disorders group and by frustration in the need for 'self‐esteem and self‐actualization' in the conversion disorders group. In addition, needs of lower orders were already threatened at onset in many patients. The symptoms disappeared in patients in whom the situation completely improved (needs were fulfilled), but the symptoms were alleviated or unchanged in those in whom the problems remained unresolved.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between work-related stress and the ability to lead a balanced lifestyle in employees who do shift work. Data on employees' awareness of stress and their subjective feelings about their shift work was collected by means of two questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews designed with the aid of a local General practitioner. The sample consisted of 20 employees in shift work environments. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analysed quantitatively using the phi-coefficient and failed to show a relationship between work-related stress and the ability to balance one's life. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretive methods and also
did not suggest a clear link between the two constructs. The implication of these findings is that stress may not be caused by an inability to lead a balanced lifestyle, but may be the result of multiple stressors and negative attitudes in the working environment.


Entertainment meets environment awareness at Warner Bros. Studios, where Jonathan Rosenfeld is running some of his fleet's largest vehicles on 20-percent biodiesel.


The behavior of particles in a gas-solid contactor with regularly arranged baffles has been experimentally studied. In this contactor, solid particles trickle down over the baffles and are spouted into the opening between the baffles by the upflowing gas. The loading and flooding points are observed at critical gas velocities in this apparatus. A definite increase in the solid holdup and residence time of the solid particle is also observed at the loading point, and particles choked the column at the flooding point. These phenomena are similar to a gas-liquid counter current flow in a packed bed. It is concluded that the appratus performs at a high efficiency of gas-solid contact.


This article presents the actual information about brain functioning in the specific area of the temporal cortex. The left temporal lobe of the brain is determined by important functions for humans. Such as recognition and processing of written text. There are also many injuries and problems that could lead to detailed difficulties in the work of the language, as well as written and oral speech.


1. Paper Doll Outline 1. Have children practice attending to the beginning sounds by asking them to name their favorite hobby or treat. Explain that their "favorite" must begin with the same sound as their first name (e.g., Patty and peanut butter). 2. Have children draw pictures of themselves on paper dolls. Write each child's "favorite" on the bottom of his or her doll. 3. Invite children to introduce themselves to the class. For example, "I am Sam and I like soccer and salamanders." This is a great activity to use at the start of the school year!


Purpose: The present research aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence rate of low back pain and injury in 12 Olympic sports athletes presenting to the injury surveillance system of the Sports Medicine Federation of Iran. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of athletes from the injury surveillance system of the Sports Medicine Federation of Iran, for three years. Descriptive statistic was used for the study. Results: The incidence rate of 6.7 injuries per 10000 athletes registered was calculated for low back complaints in 12 sports disciplines. Weightlifting, wushu, and judo had the highest, and gymnastic and soccer had the lowest low back injuries incidence. More than one-third of the low back complaints involved the lumbar spine. Also, females were at higher risk of low back pain and injury than males. Of age categories, adults and elderlies had the highest prevalence of low back complaints with more involvement in the lumbar spine. Conclusion: According to the results, wushu, judo, and especially weightlifting should be the priority of prevention. Furthermore, females and elderlies require more focus on preventive measures.


The invention relates to a beverage containing traditional Chinese medicine extracts, which is mainly prepared from mulberry leaf extract, chrysanthemum extract, oil orange extract and menthol. Sweetening agents, flavoring agents and preservatives, such as white granulated sugar, levulose, syrup golden syrup or sugar substitute, citric acid, malic acid, sodium isoascorbate, sodium citrate, sodiumhexametaphosphate, vitamin C, table salt and the like, can be added to regulate the mouthfeel and stability of the beverage. The beverage of the invention contains mulberry leaf extract, chrysanthemum extract, oil orange extract and menthol; mulberry leaf, chrysanthemum and oil orange can be used as both medicines and food; and mulberry leaf, chrysanthemum, oil orange and menthol have the synergetic effects of clearing away the lungheat and moisturizing, relieving sore-throat, removing heat from the liver, improving eyesight and the like. The beverage has the functions of quenching thirst, relieving sore-throat, protecting the throat, and can remit anemopyretic cold, internal heat, conjunctival congestion and other symptoms when people sit in front of the computer for a long time.


The occurrence of theft is often in the chicken coop, the impact of this theft is that farmers experience material losses so that the farmer is no longer raising chickens. security system applied by the owner of the cage by way of patrolling at night. even though the patrol has been carried out, there are still frequent thefts because thieves are lurking in patrol activities, theft occurs when the owner of the house is unaware. a tool that is able to provide information that there are people who enter the cage to owners who work indefinitely.
The analytical method that will be used in this study is the SWOT method (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). This method is used by researchers to collect information and conduct needs analysis. To solve the problem, a safety device with Arduino was built, a pir sensor, an 800L SIM. The enclosure safety device works to detect human body heat with the PIR Motion sensor, if there is a human crossing the Arduino sensor area it gives a signal to the 800L SIM to send a message to the cellphone owner's cellphone. The message informs that there are humans in the chicken coop.
results of the test showed that 100% of case can be sent by Alat Pengaman Kandang Ayam Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino, namely from 20 attempts to produce 20 messages to cellphone owners with vulnerable time of 3 seconds


Bragantia, Campinas, v. 78, n. 4, p.579-586, 2019 ABSTRACT: The shortage of water and the increasing salinity are the main limiting environmental factors that directly affect the establishment and the development of crops. In this research, phytodesalination capacity of Sesuvium verrucosum was evaluated alone and in combination with agricultural gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and Polisul-C, in order to remedy a moderately saline soil at greenhouse level and under nonleaching conditions. The treatments studied were the following: T1 (soil), T2 (soil + S. verrucosum), T3 (soil + S. verrucosum + Polisul-C), T4 (soil + S. verrucosum + CaSO4·2H2O). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes filled with 8 kg of clay soil with an electrical conductivity of the saturation paste extract (ECe) of 6.21 dS.m-1 were used. Soil samples were analyzed to determine the ECe, and the soluble and interchangeable cations (Na+, K+, SOIL AND PLANT NUTRITION Article


Although different theories of psychotherapy emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship, these perspectives diverge when considering why this relationship matters clinically. This article proposes that different verbal constructions or definitions of the therapeutic relationship result in very different approaches to treatment and affect the way the client and therapist interact. An understanding of this relationship using a contemporary radical behavioral therapy, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), is discussed and is contrasted with different conceptualizations of this relationship. This discussion emphasizes how specific constructions provide advantages to therapists that facilitate treatment and offers a distinction between the therapeutic relationship and a friendship. A discussion of why it is important for the therapist to understand and convey this definition to the client during treatment is included along with a brief description of how supervision helps the therapist gain an understanding of this relationship.


During 2013–2015 in central China, co-infection with spotted fever group rickettsiae was identified in 77 of 823 patients infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Co-infection resulted in delayed recovery and increased risk for death, prompting clinical practices in the region to consider co-infection in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.


Biopsies from the common bile ducts from seven patients undergoing surgery for biliary obstruction due to stones or malignancy were studied histochemically and electron microscopically. The surface of the bile duct is lined by a tall epithelium which extends into diverticula. Apically, they contain some neutral and sialated mucosubstances. Fucosyl residues were found in the Golgi apparatus and along the apical cell membrane. The latter is lined by microvilli. There was a well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and a small number of apical secretory droplets. Large numbers of lipid droplets were present basally in some cells. Lipid‐containing macrophages were also seen intra‐epithelially and in the lamina propria. This suggests a possible pathway for lipid transport. The glands were lined by cuboidal cells, some containing much mucus—sulphated, sialated, and neutral with a basal nucleus. A well‐developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were found with abundant secretory droplets. The glandular epithelium contained lysozyme, α‐1‐antitrypsin, and α‐1‐antichymotrypsin. These may play a protective role. The lamina propria contained scattered smooth muscle cells amongst the fibroblasts and inflammatory cells.


a good job of covering all the major topics in an introductory research methods course. It presents the material in appropriate depth and appropriate language. The sequence of lessons follows a traditional pattern, moving from the development of research hypotheses to descriptive analysis to correlation and regression. The amount of information presented is much less than one would find in a textbook-more in line with a set of class notes. The intent of the program, however, is to provide a supplement or refresher, and for this purpose its size seems appropriate. None of the points made in the


Results are presented on the effects of controlling the start of combustion on direct-injection diesel engine exhaust emissions for various engine operating conditions. A Nippondenso optical combustion sensor was applied to the engine, to control the start of its combustion. The sensor was installed in the engine's first cylinder, so that it had the widest possible view of the piston combustion bowl. A pressure transducer was used to detect the start of the combustion. Some results were obtained for the ignition delays, obtained from the optical and pressure signals. Steady state tests, including tests of the effects of exhaust gas recirculation, and transient tests, were conducted on the turbocharged engine. Several tests were performed, using two fuels of different cetane numbers: (1) UK diesel fuel; and (2) a lower quality fuel, with substantially higher aromatic content and thus much lower cetane number. It was found that: (1) the optical combustion sensor tested could be used to determine reliably the start of combustion over a wide range of engine operating conditions; (2) start-of-combustion timing is not the only parameter controlling diesel emissions; and (3) the two fuels tested had significantly different effects. For the covering abstract see IRRD 873243.


Discussion and experience about voice in the body. An interview with Patricia Bardi and commentary by Jane Boston at Central.


This chapter examines the life of Sayyid ʿUthman in the years after he settled in Batavia in 1862 until 1885. In Le Hadramout et les colonies arabes dans l'Archipel Indien, Van den Berg mentions that Sayyid ʿUthman owned a lithographic press and had recently given up teaching in order to devote himself entirely to writing. At the time, Sayyid ʿUthman already had 38 publications to his name. These publications can be roughly categorised into two types. First, there are brochures and books that find their origin in various controversies that occurred in society and which Sayyid ʿUthman became involved in as an expert in Islamic jurisprudence. Second, there are books of a more scholarly nature. The first group of publications provides greater insight into Sayyid ʿUthman's position as a leader in Muslim society, while the second type provides more information on his scholarly activities.Keywords: Batavia; Islamic jurisprudence; lithographic press; Muslim society; Sayyid ʿUthman; Van den Berg


We discuss just infiniteness of C∗ ‐algebras associated to discrete quantum groups and relate it to the C∗ ‐uniqueness of the quantum groups in question, that is, to the uniqueness of a C∗ ‐completion of the underlying Hopf ∗ ‐algebra. It is shown that duals of q ‐deformations of simply connected semisimple compact Lie groups are never C∗ ‐unique. On the other hand, we present an example of a discrete quantum group which is not locally finite and yet is C∗ ‐unique.


A new type of generalised ellipse dimple has been introduced to improve load‐carrying capacity (LCC) of gas face seal. Theoretical model was developed to study the influence of key geometrical parameters of generalised ellipse dimple texture on LCC and leakage rate of gas face seal. Then the optimised shape of dimples for maximum LCC under different working conditions were obtained using genetic algorithm method. It is observed that generalised ellipse dimple with proper unit number and long axis included angle can enhance LCC and make a better balance between LCC and sealing characteristics of gas face seal compared with conventional ellipse or circle dimple at high speed. Dimple‐textured gas face seal with multirow radial dimples outperforms that with single‐row radial dimple on sealing characteristics.


Objective: Study clinical effect of therapeutic alliance to metastatic breast cancer with paclitaxel and mitoxantone.Method: Retrospectively analyze clinical datas of 32 metastatic BC,summarize curative effect,toxic reaction and side effect of paclitaxel and mitoxantone.Result: The effective power of therapeutic alliance to metastatic breast cancer with paclitaxel and mitoxantone was 74.31 percent.Conclusion: Paclitaxel and mitoxantone may be first-selected chemotherapeutics.


The rapidly improving precision of measurements of gravitational lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) also requires a corresponding increase in the precision of theoretical modeling. A commonly made approximation is to model the CMB deflection angle or lensing potential as a Gaussian random field. In this paper, however, we analytically quantify the influence of the non-Gaussianity of large-scale structure lenses, arising from nonlinear structure formation, on CMB lensing measurements. In particular, evaluating the impact of the non-zero bispectrum of large-scale structure on the relevant CMB four-point correlation functions, we find that there is a bias to estimates of the CMB lensing power spectrum. For temperature-based lensing reconstruction with CMB Stage-III and Stage-IV experiments, we find that this lensing power spectrum bias is negative and is of order one percent of the signal. This corresponds to a shift of multiple standard deviations for these upcoming experiments. We caution, however, that our numerical calculation only evaluates two of the largest bias terms and thus only provides an approximate estimate of the full bias. We conclude that further investigation into lensing biases from nonlinear structure formation is required and that these biases should be accounted for in future lensing analyses.


1. DAVID HUIZINGA, TERENCE THORNBERRY, KELLY KNIGHT, & PETER, LOVEGROOVE, DISPROPORTIONATE MINORITY CONTACT IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM: A STUDY OF DIFFERENTIAL MINORITY ARREST/REFERRAL TO COURT IN THREE CITIES (U.S. Dep't of Justice) (2007), available at http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/ 219743.pdf); CHARLES PUZZANCHERA, ANNE L. STAHL, TERRENCE A. FINNEGAN, NANCY TIERNEY, & HOWARD N. SNYDER, JUVENILE COURT STATISTICS 1998 (Off. Juv. Just. & Delinq. Prevention) (2003); Richard E. Redding & Bruce Arrigo, Multicultural Perspectives on Delinquency among African-American Youth: Etiology and Intervention, in COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOK OF MULTICULTURAL SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGY 710 (C. Frisby & C. Reynolds eds., 2005). 2. Johnathan L. Blitstein, David M. Murry, Leslie A. Lytle, Amanda S. Birnbaum, & Cheryl L. Perry, Predictors of Violent Behavior in an Early Adolescent Cohort: Similarities and Differences Across Genders, 32 HEALTH EDUC. & BEHAV. 175 (2005); Alex R.Piquero & Stephen L. Buka, Linking Juvenile and Adult Patterns of Criminal Activity in the Providence Cohort of National Collaborative Perinatal Project, 30 J. OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE 259 (2002). 3. HOWARD N. SYNDER & MELISSA SICKMUND, JUVENILE OFFENDERS AND VICTIMS: 2006 NATIONAL REPORT (Off. Juv. Just. & Delinq. Prevention, U.S. Dep't. Just.) (2006), available at http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/ojstatbb/nr2006/index.html. 4. From 1980 to 2003, the proportion of girls increased from 10% to 18% for the Violent Crime Index, with the majority of it being attributed to aggravated assault. For the Property Crime Index, the proportion of girls increased from 19% to 32%. 5. We were unable to examine racial differences with regard to other minorities given the relatively smaller numbers. Nineteen girls were of other ethnicities including Native American, Hispanic, and Other. Black girls constituted 69 girls from our sample, whereas white girls constituted 53. 6. Note that criminologist and sociologists often refer to income inequality as relative deprivation. Significant racial disparities exist within the juvenile justice system.1 Across age and gender, black and minority Americans are disproportionately represented within the justice system as compared to white Americans.2 In examining issues related to disproportionate minority contact, research has historically focused almost exclusively on males, given their greater presence in the system. However, the representation of females in the juvenile justice system is rising.3 For instance, from 1980 to 2003, the proportion of girls under the age of 18 who were arrested increased for both the Violent Crime Index (i.e., aggravated assault, rape, robbery, and murder) and the Property Crime Index (i.e., larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and burglary).4 Hence, as the gender gap in arrest rates continues to decrease and the overrepresentation of minorities persists, it becomes important to consider two crucial questions: 1) Are black and white female juvenile offenders different in terms of their risk profiles? and 2) Do these risk profiles differentiate the pathways by which these two groups of girls reengage in antisocial behavior? 5 This article summarizes the prevalence and function of neighborhoodand individual-level risk factors for antisocial behavior among black and white female juvenile offenders from the Gender and Aggression Project (GAP)—Virginia Site, which consisted of a sample of incarcerated girls followed into the community. Specifically, we examined the prevalence of the following risk factors: 1) absolute neighborhood disadvantage, defined as the percentage of female-headed households, people on public assistance, people below the poverty line, and people unemployed using census data at tract level, 2) relative disadvantage, defined as the amount of income inequality within a given census tract,6 3) physical victimization by parents and/or peers, and 4) witnessing criminality and violence within the environment. We next determined whether racial differences existed with regard to these risk factor—that is, are black versus white female offenders more likely to have grown up in disadvantaged neighborhoods and/or to have witnessed violence within their surroundings. Finally, we assessed whether these risk factors operated differently by race. In other words, we wanted to know whether specific risk factors—such as growing up in a disadvantaged neighborhood—were more predictive of antisocial behavior for black versus white girls. These findings have the potential to lead to a better understanding of the discrepant representation of minorities in the judicial system and provide an opportunity to tailor interventions and reentry programs to divergent population needs.


A Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) is developed for modeling realistic small antennas placed on large, smooth, convex metallic surfaces with a uniform material coating which is extremely thin (with respect to the convex surface radii of curvatures). The very thin uniform material coating on a convex metallic surface is approximated here by a linear surface impedance boundary condition for simplifying the analysis. An asymptotic matching procedure is performed in the deep lit region of the antenna in order to model an actual small antenna by a simple equivalent UTD based source, which can then be combined with an appropriate UTD dyadic Green's function for the convex impedance surface for predicting its radiation pattern. Numerical results will be presented to illustrate the utility of the present approach.


The influence of the silicon carbide (SiC) technology in terms of volume, weight, efficiency, and cost in a 225 kW DC-DC railway converter is detailed in this study. Three different power modules technologies have been used: `traditional' silicon-based power modules, SiC-hybrid modules, and the newest full-SiC power modules available in the market. An experimental comparison of the SiC-hybrid and full-SiC modules is presented, showing their switching waveforms compared with those of the original Si modules. The highest speeds obtained by the SiC technology make the use of the traditional power module packages impossible employing Si technology. Hence, the first full-SiC modules available in the market are offered in low current ratings, requiring the complete redesign of the power converter to take advantage of the capabilities of the full-SiC modules. The railway power converter under study in this work is nowadays used to regenerate the braking energy in a DC 750 V tram with some catenary-free areas. As a final result, a full-SiC version of converter is achieved.


The resistance of five poly(arylene ether ketone)s with related chemical structures to degradation by ionizing radiation has been studied by ESR spectroscopy and yields of volatile products. All of the polymers showed high resistance to radiation with low yields of radicals after irradiation in vacuum at 77 K (when up to 84% of the radicals were identified as radical anions) and much lower yields at 300 K. The yields of volatile products were much less than reported for poly(arylene sulfone)s [1, 2]. Methyl substitution on a main‐chain aromatic ring decreased the radiation resistance, but methane only comprised 10% of the volatile products from the methyl‐substituted polymers. A polymer containing an isopropylidene group in the main chain and a substituent aromatic carbonyl showed significantly decreased radiation resistance. Extremely low radical yields were obtained after irradiation in air at 300 K, contrary to many polymers. XPS analysis showed an increase in C–O bonds on the surface after irradiation in air. Copyright


The British coral fauna of the formations older than the Salopian has received but scant attention, and is surprisingly little known. A few species of corals have been described from beds of Caradocian and Valentian age, notably by Lonsdale, M'Coy, and Phillips, but in several cases these were founded on calice-moulds, with which it is extremely difficult to identify actual corals. The only work that deals with pre-Salopian corals which at all approaches monographic proportion is Nicholson & Etheridge's 'Silurian Fossils of Girvan'. Corals, it is true, have frequently been recorded in faunal lists, but usually in ambiguous terms such as 'Petraia sp.' or 'Lindstræmia sp.', or quite unwarrantedly in many cases under one or other of the trivial names introduced by the older writers whom I have mentioned. Many of the specimens thus recorded, it is only fair to add, have also been casts and moulds. The Valentian corals described in this paper are, with few exceptions, from South Shropshire and from the narrow outcrop of the Llandovery which, emerging from beneath the Carboniferous near Buildwas, north of the Severn, runs west of Much Wenlock to the neighbourhood of the Onny River, where it is overstepped by the Salopian. The specimens were, for the greater part, collected by Mr. W Dewar, Mr. R. W. Pocock, Mr. J. Pringle, and Dr. T. Robertson during the recent revision of the area by H.M. Geological Survey. This material has been considerably supplemented by the loan from Dr. Whittard of the corals which


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Consistency between performance measures (PM), strategic orientation and competitive methods can help service organizations to attain greater strategic performance consistency. Alignment and overall competitiveness become more attainable if PM framework design considers a wider array of both internal and external factors than is currently the norm.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


Compositions of La1-xBaxCuO3, where x ranges from 0.0 to 0.5, were fired in air, oxygen-enriched air, and oxygen. Studies show that BaO cannot make a solid solution with LaCuO3 without changing the basic structure. The resulting phases, in all attempts, were the binary compounds La2CuO4, La1-xBaxCuO3-δ (x= 0.2 to 0.5), or their mixtures. All samples showed metallic conductivity. Extra oxygen in the reaction atmosphere appeared to encourage the formation of the LaCuO3-based phases of La1-xBaxCuO3-δ (x= 0.2 or 0.5). We provide a defect-chemical and thermodynamical explanation for this observation.


Event history data aise in studies where a collection of individuah, each experiencing certain events or moving among a finite number of States, is followed over a period of time. The data consist of the number, time, type and sequence of events experienced by individu&, although the data are often incompletely observed. One example of such data cornes from classical survival andysis, where individu& move fkom one state to the other, such as from alive to dead, or fiom healthy to diseased. The general event history data may contain information on events of multiple types or repeated occurrences of the same event (recurrent events) . The purpose of this thesis is to present methods using piecewise constant rate, intensity or hazard functions for event history data when events are interval-censored. These methods do not rely too heavily on parametnc assumptions, and they are easier to Mplement than the nonparametric methods. In particular, we discuss the methods using piecewise constant rate, intensity or hazard functions for two types of event history data; one is interval-grouped recurrent events, the other is curent status data and doubly-censored data. Interval-grouped recurrent event data arise in longitudinal studies where subjects repeatedly experience a specific event and the events are observed only in the form of counts for intervals which can vary across subjects. We present two approaches for estimating the mean and rate fnnctions of the recurrent event processes. One is mixed Poisson process estimation. Another is a robnst method that requires only specification of the mean structure and covariance structure among recurrent event counts. Piecewise constant rate functions are incorporated in both approaches. The two approaches are compared in a simulation study and in an example involving superficial bladder tumors in humans. In many studies, interest focuses on the time between two successive events, the initiating event and the subsequent event. Current status data arise when the time of the initiating event is observed, but the only information for the subsequent event is whether it has occurred sometime between the initiating event and a single subsequent monitoring time. Doubly-censoxed data refer to data where both events are not obswed directly, but are both interval-censored, or the initiating event is intend-censored and the subsequent event is right censored. We discuss methods with piecewise constant parametrization to estimate the survival function of the time between the two events for current status data and doubly-censored data. Ditferent regression models are also developed. Simulation results show that our methods are robust to mode1 misspecification. These methods are also applied to a data set &om an AIDS study. Finally, we explore the issue of getting smoother estimates of intensity, rate or hazard functions. A penalized likelihood approach is applied to the piecewise constant models. It is shown in a simulation study that this approach provides satisfactory estimates of the intensity, rate or hazard fnnctions when events are interval-censored.


This paper is focused on the analysis of the theme about the personal branding, and it applies to the singer Shakira, from the beginning of her career to the present day. This investigation starts with a theoretical framework in which it is defined concepts personal branding, according to several experts on the theme, creating a concept about brand development in order to offer it to the service of image and to show results of the Shakira's brand. After that, it was applied a research methodology based on the content analysis, sources about Shakira were examined and a documentary review, which is more specific, was elaborated. Finally, it gives rise to a discussion based on the singer's behavior and statements and it conducted to a research with tools to do fieldwork and, in this way, to conduct a diagnosis on the brand Shakira which allows to know the acceptance and achievements of this personal branding on the young students concept of the educative institution SENA, in Cali, between 20 and 25 years of age.


Topological insulators are new states of quantum matter with metallic edge/surface states. In this paper, we point out that there exists a new type of particle-hole symmetry-protected topological insulator —the topological hierarchy insulator (THI), a composite topological state of a (parent) topological insulator and its defect-induced topological mid-gap states. A particular type of THI is the topological fractal insulator, which is a THI with self-similar topological structure. In the end, we also discuss the possible experimental realizations of THIs.


The optical properties of hollow-core photonic crystal fibre (HC-PCF) can be conveniently tailored by modifying the transverse microstructure and selecting the species and pressure of the gas filling the hollow regions. Additionally, absorption of light by the gas can result in transient changes in refractive index, with characteristic timescales varying from a few hundred femtoseconds to hundreds of microseconds. Understanding the dynamics of these effects is essential for scaling the power and the repetition rate of laser pulse trains launched into HC-PCF, is relevant for pump-probe experiments, and can suggest new ways of controlling the guiding properties of these fibres. Here we review our recent studies, showing measurements of the temporal evolution of local changes in refractive index and describing the novel experimental techniques we developed to investigate the effects.


Based on the analysis of regional characteristics and Eco-environmental situation of Zhongyang county,this paper proposes the overall strategy,regional arrangement,key items for construction,countermeasures for forestry Eco-construction in the county.


Attitude pursuit guidance law is suitable for low cost missiles.A strap-down seeker is used to achieve this guidance law.The additional angles of attack or sideslip caused by wind and by control system are considered as two disturbing factors which make attitude pursuit law impossible.Therefore,general attitude pursuit guidance law did not account for this two disturbing factors,because with those disturbing factors,it is difficult to apply.To solve the problem,the principle of strap-down seeker detecting target is investigated,the mathematical control model is established,then a modified attitude pursuit guidance law which employs the angular correction for those two disturbing factors is presented.It is proved that the modified attitude pursuit guidance law is appropriated to both in the presence of the additional angle of attack or sideslip via the simulations with the mathematical control model and Monte-Carlo method.


Introduction : The main topic of the Vyakhyayukti (VyY) Chapter 4 is to prove the Mahayana to be the teaching of the Buddha (buddhavacana). In its last section, the author Vasubandhu discusses how to interpret the well-known Mahayana doctrine of sarvadharmanihsvabhavata or "the absence of own-natures of all dharmas ' elements' ", which was at that time one of the biggest issues disputed between Vasubandhu and the Sravakas including some of the Mahayanists. Indeed, according to Vasubandhu, this doctrine has a specific intention which some of the Mahayanists do not understand. However, Vasubandhu does not totally deny the doctrine as it is but rather he interprets it as meaning that all dharmas lack their conceptualized natures. Furthermore, Vasubandhu explains that this doctrine constitutes the definition of the Mahayana teaching of dharmanairatmya "selflessness of dhanmas". Whether or not one can understand this meaning of dharmanairatmya is, according to him, a criterion on which he/she is called a bodhisat tva or a Sravaka. 1. Vasubandhu's twofold understanding of sarvadharmanihsvabhavata : It is true that Vasubandhu interprets sarvadharmanihsvabhavata as the doctrine of indirect meaning (neyartha) and, on the other hand, the teachings provided in the Samdhinirmocana-sutra and Lankavatara-sutra as of direct meaning (nitartha). However, he does not gloss the teachings cited form these sutras and instead gives his own interpretation of the phrase "sarvadharmanihsvabhavata" as follows : "[S ravaka (Sr) ] : Why were such words taught as, you need to say, having no literal meaning (*yatharutartha) ? [Vasubandhu (V) ]: First, why then was it taught in the verse [of the Sravakayana tradition] that 'After killing father and mother,...'" ? [sr] It should certainly be explained in order to teach that the natures of desire (*trsna) etc. is similar to [those of] mother etc. [V] (1) These [teachings] such as "all dharmas lack their own-natures, do not arise, nor perish" should also be


This article identifies and categorizes problems novice searchers encountered in a database-searching task with a CD-ROM product. The methodology incorporates three procedures to collect data: participant observation, self administered questionnaires, and selective interviewing. System-use errors and inefficiencies are defined, excluding typographical errors. A taxonomy for analysis and classifi cation of user problems is proposed. Recommendations for improvement in the design of systems and training pro grams are also discussed.


The purpose of this study is to explore factors which influence adoption, implementation and continued use of tele-healthcare systems. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted by in-depth interviews with 17 professionals from various fields of organizations involved in developing and implementing tele-healthcare systems. Data were analysed thematically, using a conceptual model of diffusion of innovations. Results: The system users were reacted positively to the 3 attributes out of 9 which decided the adoption of innovation. In addition, it is required to redesign the tele-health care system simpler and easier so that the system users can access to the system much more easily regardless of space and time limitations. From the design stage on an individual level, it is necessary to conduct detailed needs analysis and listen to users who are at the center of innovation diffusion. On an organizational level, it is necessary to actively prepare for possible problems during system implementation, educate the users and build communication channels continuously. Conclusion: This study has identified the factors affecting the innovation of tele-health care systems and contributed to the understanding of the operation of tele-health care systems by the diffusion of innovation theory in community health posts.