Extreme weather events affect coastal marine ecosystems. The increase in intensity and occurrence of such events drive modifications in coastal hydrology and hydrodynamics. Here, focusing on the winter period (from December to March), we investigated multi-decade (2000–2018) changes in the hydrological properties of the Bay of Brest (French Atlantic coast) as an example of the response of a semi-enclosed bay to extreme weather episodes and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. The relationships between extreme weather events and severe low salinity conditions (as a proxy for changes in water density) were investigated using high-frequency in situ observations and high-resolution numerical simulations. The identification of intense episodes was based on the timing, duration, and annual occurrence of extreme events. By examining the interannual variability of extreme low salinity events, we detect a patent influence of local and regional weather conditions on atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, precipitation, and river runoff. We revealed that low salinity events in Brittany were controlled by large-scale forcings: they prevailed during the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and periods of low occurrences of the Atlantic Ridge weather regime. The increase in severe storms observed in western France since 2010 has led to a doubling of the occurrence and duration of extreme low salinity events in Brittany.


^ january 2016 30 T his article is an update on developments in the IEEE Consumer Electronics (CE) Society Future Directions (FD) Committee, and it is followed by articles on individual FD initiatives. The main objectives of the CE Society FD Committee are ▼ to help bring interesting and important topics to CE Society conferences by organizing sessions and helping to populate them with well-known experts ▼ to help generate articles for IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine on topics related to upcoming developments in CE ▼ to create new initiatives on important topics that will drive the development of CE in the next few years ▼ to create a bigger and lasting presence of the CE Society in the IEEE and develop sustainable and constructive connections with other technical societies and organizations ▼ to support membership development and the growth of the CE Society.


Adverse allergic reactions to radiopharmaceuticals are rare but have been documented in the literature. This report presents data consistent with a definite adverse reaction to the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]MDP.


Hydrogen has been recognized as a promising energy in the future for being clean, efficient and recyclable. Therefore, it can be replaced with other non-renewable energy such as coal, gasoline, petroleum and metal cores for energy. The increasing of the palm oil processing has resulted the increasing of the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) that can't be treated for drinking water and can lead to an increase the total waste water in Malaysia. The feasibility of hydrogen generation from palm oil mill effluent (POME), a high strength wastewater with high solid content, was evaluated in an upflow anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (UASBR). Most studies for the hydrogen production in the applied cell suspension systems often encountered problem with biomass washout at high dilution rates and required recycling of biomass from the effluent to maintain sufficient cell density for continuous hydrogen production. This study is needed to determine the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the immobilized Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor to the quality of the POME and to characterize the POME properties in terms of the COD, TSS and VSS before and after the sample is being treated. Four different hydraulic retention times (HRT), ranging from 4 h to 16 h at constant temperature of
were tested to evaluate hydrogen productivity and operational stability of immobilized UASBR. The results showed higher system efficiency was achieved at 1-IRT of 2 h with maximum hydrogen production rate of 330 mL-H
2IhIL and hydrogen yield of 0.33 mol-H 2 /mol-sucrose. COD removal reached more 50%, respectively. Butyrate was found to be the dominant metabolite in all FIRTs. Low concentration of volatile fatty acid (VFA) confirmed the state of stability and efficiency of the operation was achieved in immobilized UASBR.
35°C


In previous works, a high quality reflective TFT‐LCD with an internal asymmetric diffusive micro slant reflector (DMSR) was developed. The DMSR is used to enhance the image quality and had been made by a process with multiple exposures. In this paper, we will describe a new approach to form the same structure by single exposure process. Experimental results demonstrate that the DMSR formed by this new approach can have better performance than the previous one.


The stress field and displacement field of cracking tip of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure with asphalt treated permeable base(ATPB) were proposed based on fracture mechanics method of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure.Furthermore,the calculation formulae of stress intension factors of cracking tip were developed.The stress intension factors of cracking tip of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure and semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure with ATPB were calculated based on the finite element method.These structure fatigue lives were predicted by the Paris formula.Result shows that the fatigue life of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure with ATPB is obviously increased and reflective cracking of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure can be delayed and controlled.


The Bitcoin network is burning a large amount of energy for mining. In this paper, we estimate the lower bound for the global mining energy cost for a period of 10 years from 2010 to 2020, taking into account changes in energy costs, improvements in hashing technologies and hashing activity. We estimate energy cost for Bitcoin mining using two methods: Brent Crude oil prices as a global standard and regional industrial electricity prices weighted by the share of hashing activity. Despite a 10-billion-fold increase in hashing activity and a 10-million-fold increase in total energy consumption, we find the cost relative to the volume of transactions has not increased nor decreased since 2010. This is consistent with the perspective that, in order to keep the Blockchain system secure from double spending attacks, the proof or work must cost a sizable fraction of the value that can be transferred through the network. We estimate that in the Bitcoin network this fraction is of the order of 1%.


Sustainable development term and how conscience of its profits contribute to quality of life and development in a country is relatively new, and it is taken into account as an important fact, once stability has been reached in a country in the more essential aspects considered. When that happens, sustainable development becomes one of the main political targets. Referring to Construction, efforts must be pointed out that are being developed all around the world to improve all aspects that are related within this sector, to start with Standardization Organisms, responsible for tasks such as organization and homogenisation of different standards in order to create a common working environment. There are diverse organisms of standardization at international, European and national scopes and they are classified according to sectors in which their main activities are developed. "The construction of Europe aimed at the emergence of a single big marketplace as well as the continuous increase in international exchanges have led to the setting up of European and international standardisation bodies in order to offer a common language lo the different players of the economy and society" (www.afnor.fr). This common language is developed by means of standards. Standards must be understood as necessary tools wruch "contribute to making the development, manufacturing and supply of products and services more efficient, safer and cleaner" (www.iso,org), In a wider context, they improve and make easier national and international free trade and provide governments with a technical base for health, safety and environmental legislation. They aid in transferring technology to developing countries. Standards also serve to "safeguard consumers, and users in general, o/ products and services - as well as 10 make their lives simpler" (www.iso.org).


This work involves a predictive model for material removal rate (MRR). It investigates the influence of machining process parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the material removal rate (output parameter) during hard turning of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel (0.03 wt. % C (max)). A total of 27 experiments were conducted using a MORISEIKI SL-253B CNC machine with cemented carbide cutting tool under three different spindle speeds (1000, 1200, 1400rev/min), feed rates (0.05, 0.10, 0.15mm/rev) and depths of cut (0.4, 0.8, 1.2mm). The machining parameter settings were determined using the Taguchi experimental design method. The Taguchi method and relationship between MRR and input parameters were arrived at through MINITAB16 software package. The optimum machining parameters combination was obtained by using larger-the-better analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The optimal cutting condition is at spindle speed level 2 (1200 rpm); feed rate at level 3 (0.15mm/rev) and Depth of cut at level 3 (1.2 mm) which gave an optimum MRR of 77.80243mm3/min. The S/N ratio response table, main effect plots and the relationship between cutting parameters and the MRR was obtained. A mathematical model was developed using multiple regression analysis to predict MRR during hard turning of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel. The level of importance and performance characteristics of the machining parameters on MRR was determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). From the results, the feed rate had the most significant effects on the MRR followed by depth of cut.The spindle speed has the least effect on MRR. It was also revealed that the predicted results found a good correlation with the experimental results as the regression line fits well for both results data at 95% confidence interval. Keywords: Machining; material removal; optimization


Abstract
 This chapter discusses future impacts on tourism, the impacts of tourism on people, society and destinations, the continuation of the human quest and demand for the 'new' and personal fulfilment that will fuel tourism supply, and the response of the tourism industry/academic community regarding forthcoming tourism-related issues, challenges and changes. First, through the evolution of tourism throughout the years, we have discussed in previous chapters how tourism was affected by different impacts such as global wars, pandemics, economic crises or natural disasters. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that such external influences will continue to affect the tourism industry and continue to shape its operations. Climatic change is another challenge that will affect the tourism industry. Second, we have examined how tourist inflows, tourism development and tourism activity affect destinations both positively and negatively. The lack of tourist inflows may also bring its share of impacts, as the world experienced through the recent pandemic. In all likelihood, sustainability issues will continue to remain a challenge in the future for both the tourism academic community and the tourism industry as a whole.


The invention discloses a combined plastic forming method of an automobile hub and a matching forming mold of the automobile hub. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, forming the automobile hub by using light-alloy blanks through a set of forming mold at two steps under the condition of constant temperature, wherein the forming mold is provided with a split lower mold, two upper extrusion male molds and two upper bulging male molds, and the upper extrusion male molds and the upper bulging male molds are sequentially matched with the split lower mold; 2, matching the blanks in the mold by using the upper extrusion male molds and the upper bulging male molds during forming; 3, pre-forming a spoke part of the hub and the lower part of a rim by adopting an extrusion process; 4, forming the upper part of the rim into a hollow pipe blank; and 5, matching the upper bulging male molds with the lower mold and forming a pre-formed part formed in the step 1 into the hub through the extrusion process. Equipment disclosed by the invention has a simple structure, the deformation resistance of each-step process is lower, the mold size and the equipment tonnage are effectively reduced,the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is lowered.


A necessary and sufficient condition has been shown for a set of base parameters to determine a inertial matrix to be positive definite for each configuration of a manipulator after continuous change of each joint variable of the manipulator is approximately considered as a finite set of discrete points. The condition enables us to judge if a set of estimated base-parameter values determines the inertial matrix to be always positive definite or not. A method also has been proposed to modify the estimated base-parameter values such that the set of them determines the inertial matrix to be always positive definite after it is judged not to do.<<ETX>>


The paper studies the main factors which lead to such problems by elaborating the forming mechanism of foamed box,and the analysis of quality management method is used to find out the solution.Through searching the foam mold structure,process parameters and die materials,the paper aims to improve the passing rate of the production,and finally comes to the conclusion that reducing the forming defects is a crucial point to improve the passing rate of the foam box and its quality.


Objective To analyse the changes of maternal plasma placental leucine aminopepticlase(P-LAP) and interleukin-6(IL-6) levels during third trimester in spontaneous preterm labor. Methods Maternal plasma P-LAP and IL-6 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in preterm labor group(n=52),threatened preterm labor group(n=33) and control(normal labor)group(n=137).In preterm labor group,the P-LAP and IL-6 levels of the pregnant women with subclinical chorioamnionitis(SC)(n=41)were compared with those without SC(n=11).ROC curve was employed to analyse the maternal plasma P-LAP and IL-6 levels of spontaneous preterm labor to predict the inevitable preterm labor,and the correlation of P-LAP and IL-6 was explored with Pearson analysis. Results The plasma P-LAP and IL-6 levels in preterm labor group were lower than those in threatened preterm labor group and control group(P0.01),while there was no significant difference between control group and threatened preterm labor group(P0.05).There was no significant difference in plasma P-LAP and IL-6 levels between the pregnant women with SC and those without SC(P0.05).It was revealed by ROC curve analysis that P-LAP≤38.12 U/L and IL-6≥3.40 pg/mL could be adopted as criteria to predict the inevitable preterm labor,and the Youden's index of the combination use of the parameters of P-LAP and IL-6 was significantly higher than that of the single use of each parameter(P0.05).Maternal plasma P-LAP level was correlated to IL-6 level(r=-0.311,P0.01). Conclusion Preterm labor can be more accurately predicted by combination detection of plasma P-LAP and IL-6.The oversecretion of IL-6 may lead to the decrease of P-LAP,which may be the key factor for spontaneous preterm labor.


Objective: The objective of the study is to determine various anatomic variations in the pulmonary vasculature and associated cardiac defects in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bangalore from January 2009 to December 2017. A total of 100 patients irrespective of age and gender, who were subjected to cardiac catheterization were enrolled in the study which included all age groups. Measurement of pulmonary valve annulus, main pulmonary artery, right pulmonary artery (RPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), and descending aorta was taken and corresponding z scores were calculated. McGoon ratio and Nakata index were also calculated. Results: The age group in our study varied from 9 months to 49 years of age. Male-to-female gender ratio was 3:2. All patients had subvalvar (infundibular) stenosis and 82% of patients had stenosis at the valvar level. Seven patients had discrete stenosis, another seven patients had disconnection of RPA or LPA and six patients had supravalvar stenosis in the form of diffuse hypoplasia of one of the pulmonary arteries (PA). Significant communicating major aortopulmonary collaterals arteries (MAPCAs) were seen in 5% of patients and 16% of the patients had a persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Persistent left superior vena cava was present in 9 patients and 13% of the patients had coronary anomalies. Conclusion: Subvalvular stenosis, confluence of PA, discrete, disconnected, and diffuse stenosis of LPA and RPA were the most common PA abnormalities found in patients with TOF. Significant-associated cardiac lesions including communicating MAPCA, PDA, and coronary anomaly were more commonly observed in these patients.


The insect of which drawings are given here (PI. VIII, figs. 1 & 2) is one belonging to the genus Helopeltis (family Capsidæ), which contains a large number of extremely injurious species. The most important of these at present known is H. theivora, Westw., the "Tea Mosquito Blight" of India, which has rendered very large areas of tea-plantations in Northern India unproductive owing to the puncturing of the immature leaves. H. antonii, Sign., has been the cause of similar destruction to tea, cinchona and cocoa in Ceylon, but in the latter plant the puncturings are upon the pod and exactly similar to those produced, by the species now figured. Dr. Trimen referred to these in 'Nature," xxx. p. 634, 1884.


The study of extreme, strongly exposed points of closed, convex and bounded sets in Banach spaces has been developed especially by the interconnection of the Radon–Nikodým property with the geometry of closed, convex and bounded subsets of Banach spaces [5],[2] . In the theory of ordered Banach spaces as well as in the Choquet theory, [4], we are interested in the study of a special type of convex sets, not necessarily bounded, namely the bases for the positive cone. In [7] the geometry (extreme points, dentability) of closed and convex subsets K of a Banach space X with the Radon-Nikodým property is studied and special emphasis has been given to the case where K is a base for acone P of X. In [6, Theorem 1], it is proved that an infinite-dimensional, separable, locally solid lattice Banach space is order-isomorphic to l1 if, and only if, X has the Krein–Milman property and its positive cone has a bounded base.


In this article the author considers the main ways of the termination of legal entities and does the analysis of the legislation and law-enforcement practice about a possibility of collecting debt from the liquidated legal entity. The author decide that a universal way of collecting debt from the liquidated legal entity is the procedure of distribution of the found property of the legal entity. The legislation provided also a possibility of contest of the decision of registering body about termination of the legal entity, for the purpose of restoration of his legal capacity and redistribution of property of the legal entity.


Given that EFL is playing an important role in the national education system of Vietnam for its development and global integration, this paper proposes a bilingual education program with both Vietnamese and English subjects for primary schools. Descriptions and justifications for the proposed program are presented in details. Also, teaching methods and assessments are analyzed. As a pilot, this program is hoped to be widely implemented.  Article visualizations:


ABSTRACT We investigated surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties of single-stranded DNA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (ssDNA-SWCNTs) modified on densely-arranged two-dimensional Au nanoparticle assemblies. The ssDNA-SWCNTs was prepared by sonicating a mixture solution of the ssDNA and high-pressure carbon monoxide (Hipco) SWNTs. The Au nanoparticle assemblies were prepared by an organic solvent-mediated liquid-liquid interface assembly technique. The assemblies showed a strong longitudinal dipole coupling mode, which lead to the generation of hot spots at a near infrared region. The Raman signals characteristic of the SWCNTs were significantly enhanced (average enhancement factor: 199) by the coupling mode.


Objective: Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) are considered a potential approach to promote the recovery of stroke-induced neurological deficit. However, the exact mechanism of BMMCs in nerve function recovery is still unclear. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat
 models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established by using thread method. BMMCs were transplanted into rat models. Neurological deficits were evaluated by Longa score scale. Immunohistochemistry assay were employed to examine the expression of GFAP and Nogo-A around the ischemic
 foci in the right frontal lobe. Caspase-3 activity was examined by Western Blot. Results: Rats in BMMCs group had lessened neurological deficits and cleaved Caspase-3 expression on day 21 after reper-fusion, as well as higher expression of GFAP [(37.62±2.45) vs. (27.62±1.69)
 and (38.00±1.85) vs. (27.25±1.83), P < 0.05] and lower expression of Nogo-A [(28.88±2.64) vs. (32.50±1.60) and (23.87±2.36) vs. (32.00±1.85), P < 0.05] on day 14 and 21 after reperfusion. Meanwhile, the expression of Nogo-A on day
 21 was lower than that on day 14 after reperfusion [(23.87±2.36) vs. (28.88±2.64), P < 0.05] in BMMCs group. Conclusion: These findings suggested that BMMCs treatment could improve the functional recovery of neurological deficits in rats with MCAO, which was
 probably related to enhanced expression of GFAP and reduced Nogo-A expression and Caspase-3 activity in the ischemic brain tissues.


In recent years, non-communicable diseases (NCD) like obesity, hypertension (HTN) and Type2 diabetes (T2DM) are on the increase, specially in the developing nations. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are used as indices of obesity to relate T2DM, HTN and coronary artery disease (CAD). This study addresses whether the risk of obesity for HTN differs between T2DM and non-DM subjects. We investigated 693 diabetic patients from BIRDEM and 2384 from communities. We measured height, weight, waist-girth, hip-girth and blood pressure. All subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). BMI, WHR and WHtR were calculated. Systolic and diastolic hypertension (sHTN and dHTN)) were defined as SBP >=140 and DBP >= 90 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of both sHTN and dHTN in T2DM was higher than the non-DM subjects (sHTN: 49.1 vs 14.3%, dHTN 19.6 vs. 9.5%). The comparison of characteristics between subjects with and without hypertension showed that the differences were significant for age, weight, waist-girth, BMI, WHR and WHtR for both T2DM and non-DM subjects (for all p < 0.001). The increasing trend of hypertension with increasing obesity was observed more in the non-DM than in the T2DM subjects. The risk (OR) of obesity for hypertension increased with increasing WHR and WHtR in the non-DM than the T2DM subjects. Compared with the non-DM the T2DM participants had two to three folds higher prevalence of HTN. In either group, BMI, WHR and WHtR were significantly higher in the hypertensive than the non-hypertensive subjects. The prevalence of hypertension increased with the increasing BMI, WHR and WHtR but significant only in the non-DM. Further studies may confirm these findings and determine whether there was any altered association between blood pressure and obesity in diabetes possibily, with or without autonomic neuropathy. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(1): 1-6 Key words: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, odds ratio doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i1.2887


Occupational licensing has been justifiable in the view of legislatures on the grounds that it protects the public interest; often, however, it is the producers of the good or service who present this argument to the state legislatures. This is hardly surprising, since the typical consumer is likely to suffer too small a wealth loss (in the form of higher prices) in the licensing of one more occupation, as has already been pointed out by others (Friedman 1962, p. 143). The end result is the promotion of the interests of the producer group rather than those of the public. Though this is what we economists would expect to happen, the principal difficulty in making progress with our case has been in trying to convince legislatures that the occupations receiving licenses do use their power to promote their own wealth at the expense of the consumer. It is the purpose of this paper to present evidence on this point in order that the ground rules for discussing the problem with state legislators can be altered. It will first be necessary to present the theoretical apparatus with which I will inspect and evaluate the data. It should be noted at the outset that some of the ingredients of my model were mentioned in one very interesting earlier study of the purpose of licensing. In particular, Moore (1961, p. 112) expressed the proposition that "the more demand is growing for the occupation, the greater the return from licensing." Moore concluded that the evidence indicated the tendency to license was not correlated with its monetary return (1961, p. 113). I have formulated the hypothesis somewhat more precisely and have used appendix data from the same study utilized by Moore but which appendix data he neglected to analyze (Council of State Governments 1952, p. 92); my investigation tends to support the same basic hypothesis which his investigation failed to support.


Engineering data are organized separately and their schemas are complex and variable,which demand engineering data mana-gement systems to be able to manage data centralized,to be both customizable and extensible.The description and design for the archi-tecture of an engineering test data system-TDM are represented,Also surveyed are existing research on engineering test data query,key techniques,etc.Based on the above survey and analysis,reference architecture is developed which helps outline the approaches mentioned above and point to several open problems.


Objective To analyze the clinical and CT manifestations of the chest and abdomen lymphangioleiomyomatosis(LAM).Methods The clinical and CT manifestations of 13 patients with LAM proved histopathologically were reviewed retrospectively.Results Twelve patients onset with intrapulmonary manifestations all had progressive dyspnea,other symptoms included pneumothorax of recurrent attacks,chest distress,hemoptysis,cough,chylothorax and so on.During the course of disease,12 patients had no extrapulmonary symptoms,abdominal great goiter was found unintentionally in the rest one without any intrapulmonary symptoms.Pectoral CT manifestations included sporadic or asystematic cysts in pulmones with size of 2-20 mm,and most had thin and clear capsule wall.The lung parenchyma among cysts was mostly normal.Four patients had pneumatocele,2 had pleural effusion.Abdominal CT was performed in 10 patients and 7 had abnormal findings:renal angiolipoleiomyoma(ALL)in 3 including one had retroperitoneal multiple lymphangiomyomas and effussion and seroperitoneum,another 2 had multiple liver ALL and spleen accretion.The rest 4 patients included retroperitoneal lymphadenectasis in 2,seroperitoneum in one,as well as retroperitoneal lump and spleen accretion in one patient.Conclusion Pectoral and abdominal symptoms in LAM are not specific,but the CT manifestations somehow specific,which are helpful to the identification and early diagnosis of LAM.


Circadian Rhythms
Many genes undergo daily or circadian changes in their rate of transcription. Kim et al. explored the mechanism by which the circadian clock is linked to chromosome dynamics (see the Perspective by Diettrich Mallet de Lima and Gondor). They used a chromosome conformation capture


The notion of harmony between the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle is one of the most this modernity, exegesis. In Western philosophical in enduringly controversial topics controversy has been blunted by twin assumptions; the widespread acceptance of a fundamental opposition between Plato and Aristotle, premised on the widespread dismissal of the thesis of harmony (as proposed by the Neoplatonic commentators). This dissertation aims to re-assess the hegemony of reading Aristotle as anti-Platonic, by investigating the ancient, modern and contemporary discussions surrounding the topic. In each case, three major aspects of the debate are investigated; Aristotelian versus Platonic metaphysics; conceptions of form/Form; and psychological doctrine. The Neoplatonic commentators turn out to be ingenious in their efforts at harmony, and far less philosophically misguided than modern commentators often contend. Furthermore, the key strategy of constructing an anti-Platonic Aristotelianism in modernity (i.e. developmentalism), is shown to be based largely on spurious or circular assertions. Finally, key issues of contention in the contemporary milieu are investigated, illustrating the enduring questions surrounding the topic. A proper grasp of the harmony debate and its significance for philosophy at large is shown to be of paramount relevance not only to advanced scholars, but also to those new to the discipline. The investigation of Plato versus Aristotle has for too long been beleaguered under the weight of unquestioned assumptions of fundamental opposition. This dissertation aims to work towards remedying this unfortunate state of affairs, and revivifying one of the most significant debates in the history of Western philosophy. KEY TERMS: Philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Neoplatonism, Developmentalism, Metaphysics, Harmony, Symphonia © University of Pretoria


What makes a successful dropout prevention program? This writer believes that certain key factors are essential to all such programs. They are illustrated in the following case study.


This paper presents some design considerations for small, flyback transformers used to charge energy storage capacitors from 0.1 to 5 kV from a low voltage DC source. The transformer has two roles: to act as an energy storage device, and to ratio the primary to secondary voltages. The stages in designing a transformer to fulfil these roles are described.


Abstract A procedure for micropropagation of American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) seedlings was devised and three factors affecting in vitro rooting were investigated. A two-step ro...


The physiological and biochemical studies of some animals from sulfide-rich habitats, such as deep sea hydrothermal vents, sewage outfall areas, eelgrass beds and mangrove swamps, have shown that sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria exist endosymbiotically with the animals and provide a major energy source to their host. One of the remaining questions is the degree to which the symbiont supplies the host's need for reduced carbon and energy metabolism. Solemya velum, a common Atlantic clam from Nova Scotia to Florida, has chemoautotrophic symbionts in the gill tissue (Cavanaugh, 1983). The host animal has a reduced digestive system and lacks some digestive enzymes. The work reported in this thesis was intended to provide information on the population density and growth rate of the species in Ninigret Pond, Rhode Island, and on the energy input, energy output and energy consumption of the animal under the conditions of laboratory measurement. An energy budget based on a number of assumptions was proposed from both field and experimental data. The growth parameters L (length at infinity), K (the rate at ()() which the animal approaches L ), c (the intensity of the growth 00 oscillations) and WP (winter point) of the seasonal von Bertalanffy growth equation were estimated from the length-frequency of Solemya velum using an objective, computer-aided method (Electronic LEngth Frequency ANalysis, ELEFAN). The results were L = 19.6 mm, 00 K = 0.61, c = 1.0 and WP = 1.1 on a yearly basis. A value of total mortality Z = 2.63 was estimated for ii the adults from a length-conver t ed catch curve; therefore, the annual survival rate was 7.2% for the population. The highest density of the population 2 was 289 clams/m , and the average density was 120 2 clams/m . The other population characteristics, such as length vs. width, · length vs. dry weight, and wet weight vs. dry weight were also described. The enzymatic activities of sulfide oxidation were assayed in the gill tissues of Solemva velum. The maximal activities (V ) max were 4.7 umoles (s ubstrate converted to product) per gram fresh gill per min for thiosulfate transferase, 2.2 umoles/g/min for adenylylsulfate reductase, and 5.0 umoles/g/min for sulfate adenylyl transferase. The presence of sulfide stimulated and enhance d the respiratory rate of the animal. The animal respiration ( 65.2 ± 11.2 ul o 2 /g total wet weight (shell included)/hr) accounted 56.8% of the total oxygen consumption (115.4 ± 18.6 ul while chemoautotrophic symbionts consumed the rest 43.2% (50.2 ul An energy budget of Solemya velum, a chemoautotrophic symbiotic association, has been constructed based the growth rate, oxygen consumption and enzymatic activities of the species. The energy derived from sulfide oxidation may account 29% of the total energy input. The other sources of energy, like feeding and dissolved organic uptake, may provide the rest, 71%. The energy loss due to respiration and excretion may account 85% of the input energy, while only 15% may have been used for body growth. Multiple modes of nutrition are suggested for this protobranch bivalve. An energy flow model is proposed for the species, and may be applicable to some deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms. iii


The invention relates to a thermoelectricity tri-generation method and a system thereof, wherein the system includes a thermoelectricity tri-generation set used for generating the electric energy and the heat energy; an air-condition coupled with the thermoelectricity tri-generation set through the power line and for driving the heat pump to generate the heat energy by the electric energy generated by the thermoelectricity tri-generation set; an air-condition ammeter phase coupling with the air-condition specially used for detecting the power consumption of the heat pump in the air-condition; a control device used for obtaining the electric energy of the thermoelectricity tri-generation set and the optimal working point data generated by the heat energy according to the electric consumption data and the energy consumption, and controlling the operation of the thermoelectricity tri-generation set based on the optimal working point data. Adopting the device, the inhabitant heating users are divided into the air-condition heat pump heating users and the hot water type radiator centralized heating users, and the electric energy and the heat energy are supplied to the heating users by the thermoelectricity tri-generation for the requirement in the winter, which reduces the heat road difference in the summer and waiter, advances the energy source using efficiency and the economical profit of the thermal power plant.


The increase of the number of wells acid into during the Oil field development brings out the huge workload of the acidification measure effect statistical analysis and evaluation.Manual operation mode no longer fits for the demand of constructive information for enterprise.Aiming to the existing problems and challenges of oil companies,the paper proposes the acidification measure analysis and evaluation system based on.NET Remoting technology.The use of the remote efficient communication technology and complicated object model of.NET Remoting implements the remote access and resource sharing.Application on DaGang oil field showed that it was doing well to meet the requirement of upstream and local data for statistical analysis and evaluation results.


Discrete space-filling curves are not uniquely defined. In addition to the condition that the curve must pass all the points of the array only once, continuously, it is necessary to add some critera to select the best curves. The authors aim is to preserve two-dimensional continuity as much as possible. The weighted sum of the distances of the points in the curve is minimized, where the weights are inversely proportional to the spatial distance between the points. However, the minimum is not unique. Particularly, space-filling curves always come on symmetric pairs. The generation of a near optimal space-filling curve is done hierarchically.<<ETX>>


SLRSV (4) is spreading naturally in Europe and is found in North America, Australia and New Zealand. It is readily sap-transmissible, has a wide host range, infects the seed of several host plants and is transmitted by nematodes (Xiphinema spp.). The virus infects strawberry and raspberry causing various degrees of mottle and decline depending on the cultivar. SLRSV causes strap-leaf of celery, mosaic of Robinia pseudoacacia and, possibly, yellow mottle of Euonymus europaeus and line-pattern of Aesculus carnea. In rose, it was associated with chlorotic ringspotting and stunting. The virus has also been found in asparagus, blackberry, blackcurrant, redcurrant, cherry, elderberry, grapevine, plum, peach, rose, rhubarb and narcissus.


This paper describes the morphology,structure and content of the spermathecae in Portunus trituberculatus and the its corresponding relationship with ovary by analyzing samples collected during 2005-2006 in East China Sea.In pre-copulation period,the wall of the spermathecae was thin,but the lumen had been partitioned into two chambers,dorsal and ventral(Apr-Jun);Then the spermathecae began to shrink and the wall became relatively coarse while the mucosa developed secretory stratum(Jul-Sep);Finally,the wall evidently proliferated,while its polynuclear columnar epithelium degraded completely.There was nothing but one jelly-like matrix existed in the lumen as revealed by the H-E staining.In copulation period(Oct-Nov),the lumen extended significantly due to the fact that spermathecae received much male material and thus the wall became thin.Moreover,the dorsal part developed many protuberances that much like the Chinese character "凸" or "丁".Correspondingly,the ventral part also developed a few folds.Sperm plug,consisting of four matrixes: MM,FM,APSP,TPSP,formed in the mating process by the reactions between the male matrix and female secretion.This was an important character which implied the crab had successfully experienced mating activity.The spermatophores only existed in the superficial part of the male matrix on the top of dorsal chamber.However,the sperm plug disappeared within no more than two months,which was not responsible for protecting and nourishing the sperm.The dorsal protuberance controlled the whole spermathecal volume,whose formation and degeneration had close relationship with the transportation of spermatophores.In post-copulation period(Dec-Mar),the spermathecae shrinked completely.The dehiscent spermatophores firstly aggregated in the intersection of the dorsal and ventral parts and then stored in the ventral chamber of the spermathecae for the successive fertilization.The relationship between spermathecae and ovary was close and therefore might even have some evolutional significance.Combined with the developmental phases of spermathecae and ovary,we could better differentiate and understand the dynamics of the resource of P.trituberculatus.


In recent years, in the medical world the number of studies related to certain biophysical characteristics of biologically active points (similar to acupuncture points) - BAP, antenna and electromagnetic radiation effect of the body is increasing. As a product of nature, organisms come into simpler or more complex relationship with the various forms of manifestation of natural energy and particularly the electromagnetic one. Aim of this study was to identify changes in the antenna effect, electromagnetic radiation and resistance and semiconductor effect in BAP of experimental animals under oxidative stress response to hyperbaric oxygenation. The general impression from the results obtained from the model, is that changes in biophysical parameters studied, with few exceptions in parameters and in varying degrees of variability are one-way and statistically significant. The increasing of antenna effect and electromagnetic radiation from one side and reducing resistance and of semiconductor effect in acupuncture point Ying-Tang considered for "basic energizer of the organism" at the other, in wide physical aspect are proof for an increase of communicative


A poetical political history, Adam Czerniawski Gombrowicz's Polish complex, Ursula Phillips state of arrest - the short stories of Bruno Schulz, George Hyde the prison of self - moral dilemmas in Andrzejewski's fiction, Stanislaw Eile the document, polarities of its employment by Rialoszewski and Mackiewicz, Jerzy Jarzebski Zbigniew Herbert and the notion of virtue, Stanislaw Baranczak the telescopic world of "Jeu de Mirroirs" - rereading the works of Slawomir Mrozek, Helene Wlodarczyk Mysliwski's "The Palace" - a translator's introduction, Ursula Phillips Tadeusz Konwicki - a personal view, George Hyde at the end of the century, Aleksander Fiut between absurdity and apocalypse - contemporary Poland in drama and fiction 1977-1987, Stanislaw Eile internal exile in a free society? New poetry in Poland in the 1980s and early 1990s, Donald P.A. Pirie.


This study aims to produce a learning trajectory by using the context of Central Java historical building in helping students to understand the concept of one of material in geometry transformation that is reflection. The approach used in this research was Realistic Mathematics Education, in Indonesian version is called by PMRI. Subject of this study was the third grade students of Junior High School 6 Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The methodology used was a design research consisting of three phases, namely the preliminary design, the design experiment, and the retrospective analysis. However, this study only shows the results at the design experiment phase, in particular on a pilot experiment. Data collection was done through several techniques, namely: video recordings, photograph, students work result, and students interview during learning process. Student learning activities consist of four activities, namely: observing the video of Central Java historical building, determining, drawing, and finding formula of the shape result of reflection in cartesian coordinate system, determining, drawing, and finding formula of the shape result of reflection by the line which parallel to x-axis and y-axis, and solving problem related to reflection. The results of this study indicate that through a series of activities that have been designed could help to stimulate students understanding of reflection concept by using the context of Central Java historical building.


In this paper,in order to achieve the quality of flash welded joints rail-line testing requirements,the author introduces through low-speed acquisition,the welding process parameters(welding current,welding voltage,etc.) were collected,extracting the characteristics of impact welded joint quality as the input of the RBF neural network,and the characteristics of grey-spots as the output of the RBF neural network,establishes the RBF Neural Network model of welding quality forecasting,and use training models to predict,according to the Ministry of Railways TB/T1632-2005 general specifiction for welding of rails is forecast to reach 80% accuracy rate,as a result of low-speed acquisition,reducing the amount of data and processing capacity.The prediction model can satisfy the real time requirement of rail welding,and to explore the quality of the welded joint forecast of trends.


I n t h i s work a model f o r t h e e j e c t i o n o f the dus t s h e l l o f r e d g i a n t s t a r s through t h e a c t i o n o f t h e s t e l l a r r a d i a t i o n p ressure i s developed. Being rnomentum-coupled t o t h e gas, t h e dus t s h e l l can d r i v e an e f f e c t i ve mass loss . On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e g r a i n i n j e c t i o n r a t e i n t o t h e i n t e r s t e l l a r space can be es t imated .


Rivers have always been the most important fresh water resources. Along the banks of rivers ancient civilizations have flourished and still most of the developmental activities are dependent. Rivers support vast biodiversity of flora and fauna which provide food & shelter to aquatic organisms. Aquatic macrophytes are group of large macroscopic photosynthetic organisms usually growing with their roots in soil or water. Macrophytes provide habitat to aquatic organisms also help in maintaining water quality, nutrient cycling and stabilizing river banks. Present study was carried out on the distribution of macrophytes near water intake point in river Narmada. Present study depicted about the loss of macrophytic distribution in lower reaches of water intake point in river Narmada in conjunction with some physicochemical parameters of water quality. Key Words : River Narmada, Water Intake Point, Aquatic Macrophytes, Water quality.


The use of epitaxial layers for domain wall-based spintronic applications is often hampered by the presence of pinning sites. Here, we show that when depositing Mn4N (10 nm) epitaxial films, the replacement of MgO(001) by SrTiO3(001) substrates allows minimizing the misfit, and to obtain an improved crystalline quality, a sharper switching, a full remanence, a high anisotropy and remarkable millimeter-sized magnetic domains, with straight and smooth domain walls. In a context of rising interest for current-induced domain wall motion in rare-earth ferrimagnets, we show that Mn4N/SrTiO3, which is rare-earth free, constitutes a very promising ferrimagnetic system for current-induced domain wall motion.


The Vital-2 unit pictured is a semi-automatic device that permits highly accurate blood pressure measurement, even by untrained personnel. Developed by Meditron Instrument Corporation, Milford, New Hampshire, it is based in part on NASA technology found in a similar system designed for automatic monitoring of astronauts' blood pressure. Vital-2 is an advancement over the familiar arm cuff, dial and bulb apparatus customarily used for blood pressure checks. In that method, the physician squeezes the bulb to inflate the arm cuff, which restricts the flow of blood through the arteries. As he eases the pressure on the arm, he listens, through a stethoscope, to the sounds of resumed blood flow as the arteries expand and contract. Taking dial readings related to sound changes, he gets the systolic (contracting) and diastolic (expanding) blood pressure measurements. The accuracy of the method depends on the physician's skill in interpreting the sounds. Hospitals sometimes employ a more accurate procedure, but it is "invasive," involving insertion of a catheter in the artery.


Sol-gel coatings of TiO₂ have been prepared from TiO₂ sol and deposited by dip-coating technique on 316L stainless steel sheets in order to study the electrochemical behaviorin corrosive solutions. The influence of the coatings on the chemical corrosion of the substrate has been evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves in different aqueous NaCl solution at 25℃


As optical communication systems continue to advance in speed and complexity, the demand grows for high-speed devices to perform wavelength conversion, multiplexing, and switching operations. Semiconductor diode laser amplifiers exhibit large and ultrafast optical nonlinearities that make them promising candidates as the basic building blocks for such all-optical devices. The primary goal of this thesis is the measurement and characterization of the ultrafast optical nonlinearities exhibited by an AlGaAs diode laser amplifier. The results lead to a better understanding of fundamental processes in semiconductors and enable the evaluation of active semiconductor waveguides for use in all-optical devices. This thesis presents a detailed study of ultrafast gain and refractive index dynamics in a bulk AlGaAs diode laser amplifier. Pump-probe measurements are performed with -100 femtosecond optical pulses generated by a modelocked titanium:sapphire laser system. The refractive index measurements employ a time-division interferometer that allows the measurement of phase shifts as small as r/1000 radians. Measurements of gain and refractive index dynamics are performed at a series of carrier densities and. over a broad range of aboveand below-band wavelengths from 810 to 905 nanometers. The phenomena encountered in this work include two-photon absorption, carrier heating through free-carrier absorption, spectral hole burning, carrier cooling through stimulated transitions, and an instantaneous refractive index dynamic attributed to the optical Stark effect. The carrier heating dynamic recovers with a 1.1 picosecond time constant, and below-band refractive index measurements show that there is a delay of -120 femtoseconds in the onset of carrier heating. Values for the nonlinear refractive index coefficients associated with the carrier heating index nonlinearity and the instantaneous index nonlinearity are determined as a function of wavelength and carrier density. For the instantaneous index dynamic, a maximum n21 of -5 x 1 0 12 cm 2 /W is measured. Thesis Advisor: Erich P. Ippen Title: Elihu Thomson Professor of Electrical Engineering


Concerning the incapability of practice of the graduates majoring in logistics management and the reality of relative independence and the disconnection between theory and practice of the courses,this thesis emphasizes the necessity of the construction of the curriculum system aiming at cultivating senior and middle logistics managers,presents specific thinking and measures of construction,and introduces successful experiences.


Title picture shows a scanin electron micrograph of the vector tik Ixodes ricinus LOUPING-ILL is a tick-transmitted viral encephalomyelitis, primarily of sheep, although other domestic animals including cattle, horses, goats, pigs and dogs also may become affected. Human infections, though uncommon, can be serious. The virus can also be responsible for serious mortality in free-living red grouse (Lagopus scoticus). Louping-ill was originally described as a disease of the border counties of Scotland and England though it has since become recognised in many other upland sheep grazings of Scotland and as far south as Devon and Cornwall in addition to Ireland. It was considered to be a condition peculiar to the British Isles and absent from continental Europe; however, in recent years a disease of sheep indistinguishable from louping-ill has been observed in Norway, Spain, Bulgaria and Turkey.


Author(s): Chen, Yenhao | Advisor(s): King Liu, Tsu-Jae | Abstract: The semiconductor industry is now struggling with an integrated-circuit "chip" power density crisis due to the non-scalability of the thermal voltage (kBT/q), which sets the minimum subthreshold swing (SS) of a metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor and hence limits reductions in transistor threshold voltage and hence chip operating voltage. In contrast to electronic switches, mechanical switches ("relays") operate by making/breaking physical contact and therefore offer the ideal characteristics of zero off-state leakage current and abrupt transition between on/off states, which provide for zero static power dissipation and (in principle) lower operating voltage, so that they potentially can provide a means for overcoming this crisis. In order to fully realize their promise, however, miniaturized relays must operate with sufficient reliability to be viable for ultra-low-power digital logic applications.In this work, the reliability of micro-relays designed for digital logic applications is systematically investigated. Contact resistance (Ron) instability is identified as the limiting factor for micro-relay endurance. Due to surface oxidation, Ron of prototype relays with tungsten (W) contacting electrodes increases with the number of operating cycles. This phenomenon is affected by relay operating conditions, including switching frequency and contact force. Larger contact force is found to be beneficial for stable operation, possibly due to breakdown of the insulating oxide layers. An alternative contact electrode material, ruthenium (Ru), is demonstrated to ameliorate the problem of metal surface oxidation; however, friction polymer formation and material transfer become dominant contact reliability issues, which eventually degrade Ron. An inkjet-printed micro-shell encapsulation process is used to provide an isolated ambient environment for the logic relays, and demonstrated to result in improved Ron stability by 100× as compared to devices tested in atmospheric conditions. In complementary logic circuits, slower switch turn-off than turn-on results in undesirable "crowbar" current, causing transient power dissipation during signal transitions and potential reliability issues. The effects of the contact electrode material mechanical properties, relay design parameters, and relay operating conditions on contact detachment delay (τCD) are experimentally studied and theoretically explained. Specifically, τCD is compared for logic relays with tungsten, ruthenium or nickel contacting electrode materials, and tungsten is found to provide for the smallest τCD.


Hydrophobically surface-modified membranes were prepared by adding a fluorine-containing graft copolymer into a microphase-separated membrane consisting of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This study focuses on the effects of surface characteristics and microphase separation of the surface-modified membranes on their permselectivity for a dilute aqueous solution of benzene in pervaporation. Contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the addition of a fluorine-containing copolymer produced a hydrophobic surface at the membrane air side due to its surface localization. It became apparent from transmission electron microscopy that adding a fluorine-containing copolymer of less than 1.2 wt % did not affect the morphology of the microphase-separated membrane, but adding the copolymer over 1.2 wt % resulted in a morphological change from a continuous PDMS phase to a discontinuous PDMS phase. The addition of a small amount of fluorine-containi...


I. The U.S. Presidential election got locked in a seesaw battle, the relations between the U.S. and some big powers saw new trends. Kerry hacked his way through clifficuhies in the primary and won the Democratic nomination. Kerry and Bush attacked each other on the issues of


In some countries protests against the grant of exclusive rights in developments that benefit humanity have caused limits to be placed on the scope of patent rights. A characteristic of all modern patent systems is that the invention that one seeks to patent must have some practical utility and be new. The US is making patent protection available even for methods of medical treatment and for non human living things. A patent will expire in most developed countries 20 years from the filing of the application except in the US which grants patents from 17 years. India, China, and Brazil grant patents for shorter terms. In Australia and New Zealand, the term of a patent may be extended. In France and the US; extensions of term are possible only for medically related inventions. A patent grants to the owner of the patent the right, during its term, to exclude others from making, using, or selling the patented inventions. A patent grants to the owner of the patent the rights, during its term, to exclude others from making, using, or selling the patented invention. A patent owner who attempts to enforce a patent may be faced with a challenge that the patentee has misbehaved. In the US an alleged infringer may argue that the patentee misled the Patent Office when applying for the patent. The Patent laws of many countries enable the government to use patented inventions but compensate patent owners. Under sections 37 and 38 of the French patent legislation the government may decree that licenses are available in the interests of public health. In connection with Roussel-Uclaf's mifepristone, RU-486 it has been reported that such a decree cannot be made for a medicine that has not been approved by the government for distribution. The Canadian government has announced its intention to cancel the provisions in the Canadian Patent Act relating to compulsory licensing of medicines. Negotiations are continuing under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that may lead to an intellectual property agreement.


Amorphous carbon and diamond coated emitters have been used to examine field emission characteristics. Amorphous carbon is coated by a new process named helical resonator plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. An amorphous carbon emitter with broad disordered graphite peak and small wavenumber of graphite exhibits a better I-V characteristic than that with an intense disordered graphite peak and large wavenumber of graphite. Field emission from diamond coated emitters shows enhancement both in turn-on voltage and total emission current. Diamond coated emitters have a considerable amount of graphite which may allow continuous low field emission. We think that negative electron affinity and graphite inclusions seem to improve the field emission characteristics. However, further work is necessary to exactly clarify the mechanism for low field emission.


A wideband input/output structure for the staggered double grating sheet beam traveling wave tube (SBTWT) is designed, which has the merits of simple structure, low reflection and high isolation in a wide frequency band. A design example is given for a 94GHz sheet beam travelling wave tube, the CST-MWS simulation results show the S parameters are satisfactory.


The threshold control theory is applied to build a physiology-based FES controller. The proposed control strategy is tested in simulation study with an integrated musculoskeletal model. The results suggest that the controller based on the threshold control theory alone can realize the task with small feedback delays. However, it is not capable to produce the movement fast enough to match the desired trajectory. Thus two extensions to improve the performance are proposed. Firstly, the feedback on actual movement velocity is replaced by the differences between the actual and desired velocities. Secondly, the feedback of joint angular acceleration is introduced to calculate the dynamic threshold. Simulation results suggest that such extensions can 1) improve the movement speed; 2) reduce the response time; and 3) reduce influence of external perturbation and feedback delays.


tricular fibril'lation and one survived two months after a spontaneous reversion to 'normal rhythm. To Beck and Bright the amount of trauma inflicted by them seemed to be excessive. "The myocardium became swollen with haimorrbage and it looked as though softening and rupture would surely follow:' In most instances they found that the trauma was remarkably well tolerated. The immediate response was a tachycardia, and the electro.cardiogram showed changes similar to those manifested in coronary disease. Beck's conclusions from his experiments are that the heart can tolerate an excessive amount of trauma, that recovery is the rule rather than the exception, and that if death occurs it is caused by ventricular fibrillation, rupture 01' myocardial failure coming on after a tachycardia. From the foregoing it will be clear that when a patient suffers from a severe contusion of the heart an area of muscle will be put out of commission in much the same way as the area of heart wall in coronary occlusion is thrown out of action by deprivation of its blood supply. There is, of course, a fundamental difference between the areas in the two conditions-one is full of extravasated blood and the other is ischsemlc. The clinical histories of the two conditions are vastly different; but when survival from the initial shock has been achieved and recovery is taking place, both symptoms and electrocardiographic findings may be similar. A person may suffer from both coronary occlusion and cardiac contusion, and Moritz and Atkins in fact record the clinical history of a man, aged seventy-four years, who had the misfortune to be so affected. This brings us to the appearances found at post-mortem examination. After a considerable time has elapsed the scars of cardiac contusion and of infarction due to coronary occlusion may be indistinguishable. This is emphasized by Moritz and Atkins, whose discussion on post-mortem appearances is clear cut and may with advantage be summarized. They point out that the objective·criteria for the differentiation of cardiac contusion and cardiac infarct vary in usefulness according to the age of the lesions. The only evidence that should almost invariably serve to identify an otherwise indeterminate myocardial lesion as an infarct is the finding of recent coronary occlusion. Pathological changes likely to be found in early contusion include massive interstitial Iuemor-rhage, laceration and tissue disorganization. All these changes may, however, be seen following spontaneous rupture of an early infarct and are therefore not conclusive. In regard to older myocardial lesions, deposits of hremosidertn are more likely to be seen in' healed contusions than in healed infarcts; but since hlemosiderin is seen occasionally in healed infarcts, its presence is not conclusive. Three months after injury hlemosiderin is not often found in scars due to trauma, so that its absence in no way excludes the possibility that the lesion was of traumatic origin. "The presence or absence of remote coronary occlusion does not serve to identify a myocardial scar as having resulted from infarction or contusion inasmuch as a heart the seat of occlusive coronary disease may have a superimposed traumatic lesion and a heart with a large healed infarct may have no demonstrable coronary occlusion:' From what has been written it will be realized that cardiac contusion is of more than academic interest. Accidents frequently occur in which a person receives a blow over the precordium and, though recovery takes place, the patient may have a residual disability. One of the most usual accidents of this type occurs when the driver of a motor vehicle meets with an accident and is driven forcibly against the driving wheel. If the patient dies soon after the accident diagnosis will almost certainly be possible, but if death is long delayed the pathologist may be quite unable to come to a decision. In these circumstances diagnosis will have to be made by the history of the case. The condition itself is full of interest and will make an appeal to the imagination; it is therefore likely that the clinician may be tempted to diagnose it on slender grounds. In many instances questions of insurance and compensation may arise, and this clinical and pathological entity must be diagnosed only with the greatest caution. •


This study describes how Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) is presented in Brazilian secondary School Textbooks and seeks to identify spaces and directions which can optimize FNE. The Depth Hermeneutics methodology is followed. Firstly, the time and space frame for FNE is identified, within the context of the National School Textbook Programme (PNLD), The fields of interaction which influence the formulation of FNE in textbooks are explored. Results indicate factors in governmental and editorial spheres, and in the school context, which shape FNE and are relevant in the educative process. In conclusion, it is suggested that foods presented in textbooks should reflect the diversity present the differing Brazilian contexts; that authors and teachers be involved in discussion circles related to the theme; and that textbooks should stimulate FNE focussed dialogue, including in discussion the objectives and practices of related government programmes present in schools, such as school lunches and vegetable gardens.


The effective database recovery method which can be applied to a mobile communication terminal employing the flash memory as a storage medium is disclosed. Provided a storage and recovery areas DB database (DB) it is additionally in the flash memory. It reads an image of the target page, change the DB storage area sequentially stored in the memory buffer, and given the sequential serial numbers of the original image of the previous page to change places to the DB backup recovery area. Then, change the image of the page in the buffer memory in accordance with the transaction. This series of actions will be performed on the target page-wide changes. Then, update each change in the target page DB storage to the page after the change in the memory buffer. Once the update has been completed successfully in the not holding the mobile terminal is not abnormal operation, which is the total number of pages that are stored in the serial number and the DB recovery area of the last page in the DB recovery area when it reboots match how to check and repair the pages of the DB storage area to the original image of the previous page modify stored in the DB recovery area if they match.


The densities of the silane radicals Si, SiH, and SiH3 have been measured in a remote SiH4 plasma for various H2 dilution ratios yielding amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon film growth. The measurements carried out under high deposition rate conditions of nanocrystalline silicon reveal typical densities of ∼1012cm−3 for SiH3 and ∼1011cm−3 for both Si and SiH. It is concluded that SiH3 is the dominant silane radical in the plasma for both amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon depositions although the importance of Si and SiH to film growth increases drastically when going from amorphous to nanocrystalline material.


Plants are the most important source of medicine to the mankind. Ancient and traditional verbal as wel l as documented sources are treasure of potential medici nal properties of plants. In the new era of science and technology there is increasing need to validate the claims of traditional knowledge database for safe, easily available, cheap, side-effect free healthcare provi sions. Some species from the genus Fagonia are supposed to possess important medicinal properties. This art icle provides a generalized review of major publish ed research concerning Fagonia species carried worldwide in recent past in areas of its systematics, phytochemistry and bioactivity. The aim of authors of this review article is to help researchers worki ng or planning to work in the area of ethnomedicine, drug discovery and phytochemistryby providing information of the works carried on Fagonia speciesin a summarized format.However details of morphological charactersand microscopic parameters of the Fagonia species are not scope of this review article.


Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) has superior physical properties, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. It is an attractive material in many engineering fields. In machining Ti-6Al-4V, due to low thermal conductivity of the material the generated heat during machining cannot be conducted through the work piece and chips effectively, which is resulted in rapid tool wear. It has been reported that cutting speed of Ti-6Al-4V is limited to 30 m/min and 60 m/min. Cutting fluids have been used in machining operations in order to reduce cutting temperature. In this study, a heat pipe cooling system was used in turning of Ti-6Al-4V at different cutting speeds (60 m/min, 90 m/min, 120 m/min). The tool temperature and tool wear of uncoated carbide inserts, the cutting force and surface roughness have been compared to dry, wet, compressed cold air at 0℃ and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) cooling environments . The results show that the heat pipe cooling system can effectively remove the heat generated at the tool-chip interface in machining. The flank wear values of the cutting tool with the combination of heat pipe cooling system and MQL is lower than which with flood coolant at the cutting speed of 60 m/min and 90 m/min. Compare to conventional wet cutting, tool life extension of using a heat pipe of larger diameter and MQL is 30% at a cutting speed of 90 m/min. With the use of larger diameter heat pipe cooling system and MQL, flank wear values of the cutting tool is lower than wet cutting at a cutting speed of 120 m/min. Therefore, the combination of heat pipe cooling system and minimum quantity lubrication is a technique which can reduce the use of conventional cutting fluids in turning of Ti-6Al-4V.


Although research on second language learning strategies has traditionally been focused on L2 learning strategies, recent studies have shifted their attention to language learners' metacognition. Despite improvements in L2 educational practices, more research needs to be conducted on learners' metacognition while reading in EFL contexts. This article examined effective teaching strategies for EFL reading comprehension. During reading comprehension teaching, metacognitive strategies are emphasized primarily to enable students to reflect on their mental processes occurring before, during, and after reading. Through the use of metacognitive strategies, reading comprehension, and performance are enhanced. This study examined metacognitive strategies as tools for successful reading and related tasks. It aimed at determining how different metacognitive reading strategies are used by non-native English speakers at Bluefield State University (BSU). This research was conducted using a survey design. A sample of 34 students was randomly selected for the study. For the purpose of determining the metacognitive reading strategies of students, a metacognitive reading questionnaire was administered to them. The survey data were transferred to a computer, and Microsoft Excel was used to calculate the percentage and frequency. According to the research results, students regularly use metacognitive strategies before, during, and after reading. While reading, students pay attention to important parts of the text and evaluate both the text and their understanding of it. The research indicates that metacognitive strategies are effective at improving the metacognitive comprehension skills of EFL learners. Furthermore, metacognitive awareness contributes to an increase in self-efficacy among learners. As a result, they become high achievers in EFL.


As a high school science teacher with limited funds, I am always looking for demonstrations that are both cost-effective and visually stimulating. This demonstration is more captivating than a lava lamp and is a great method of modeling convection using materials most science teachers already have at home or in the classroom. Understanding convection is fundamental for students to fully grasp the science behind large-scale events on Earth, such as global wind patterns, plate tectonic movement, ocean current patterns, and hydrothermal vent dynamics. Convection can also help students understand how car engines are cooled, how radiators heat a room, how a pot of water boils, and how lava lamp fluid moves up and down. Using a convection demonstration in a classroom emphasizes the importance of convection while captivating students' interest. Materials and directions The following materials are needed for you to lead the convection demonstration: * one 10 gal (38 L) fish tank * two dictionaries or two stacks of magazines, 5-7 cm high * 100 pennies * three tea light candles * bottle of red food coloring * bottle of blue food coloring * water * matches Place the two dictionaries 20-25 cm apart on a flat surface and set the fish tank on the dictionaries (Figure 1a). Make sure that the tank is stable, level, and not hanging off the sides of the books. Place the 100 pennies in rows across the center of the tank. Make the first layer three rows wide, then stack two additional rows of pennies on top of the first layer of coins. The second and third layers of pennies should be stacked to overlap the gaps between the bottom pennies (Figure 1b). This creates a groove between the pennies in the top two rows that will help hold the food coloring in place. Fill the tank with water to about 5 cm from the rim of the tank. Place the candles in a line below the fish tank directly under the pennies. Take the bottle of red food coloring in hand and, with minimal disruption to the water, move your hand to the bottom of the tank and slowly squeeze the red food coloring into the groove made by the pennies. (If done correctly, the food coloring will stay resting on the pennies, see Figure 1c.) Stop squeezing the bottle and slowly remove your hand and the bottle from the fish tank, trying to disturb the water as little as possible. After the water settles, light the candles under the fish tank. The demonstration is ready to begin (Figure 1d). Within one minute after being lit, the candles will heat the pennies and start the process of convection. The hot pennies heat the water and the expanded, less dense water begins to rise away from the heat source. The red food coloring colors the heated water, allowing students to see the water rise. The red color represents the hot, less dense water rising (Figure 1e). As the heated water and red food coloring rise away from the pennies, the red-colored liquid is still hot, but it begins to cool as it moves away from the pennies. The red-colored liquid cools down and spreads out as it continues to move up, away from the heat source (Figure 1f). [FIGURE 1a OMITTED] [FIGURE 1b OMITTED] [FIGURE 1c OMITTED] [FIGURE 1d OMITTED] [FIGURE 1e OMITTED] [FIGURE 1f OMITTED] [FIGURE 1g OMITTED] [FIGURE 1h OMITTED] [FIGURE 1i OMITTED] Place two drops of blue food coloring in rapid succession 2-4 cm from both sides of the rising red food coloring (Figure 1g). The blue food coloring represents the cooled, dense water descending back to the depths of the fish tank. The dense blue liquid will be pushed away from the center of the tank by the laterally moving, cooling red water at the upper portion of the tank. …


CancerVax and the John Wayne Cancer Institute are co-developing Biotechnology Tumor antigen Canvaxin, a vaccine containing over 20 tumor antigens, for the potential treatment of melanoma and colon cancer. Canvaxin is currently undergoing phase III clinical trials for melanoma and a phase II trial for colon cancer.


The purpose of this study is (1) to develop a conceptually integrated model of IT capability comprising hierarchically structured lower capabilities, and (2) to investigate the impacts of IT capability on firm performance. To do this, the study defined IT capability as a third-order factor model and identified three conceptual dimensions of IT capability IT resource integrating capability, IT infrastructure flexibility, and IT personnel expertise. The relationships between IT capability and firm performance are assessed with 243 firm level data using LISREL. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated that the constructs is highly reliable and valid. Further, we found that IT capability not directly but indirectly affects firm performance through the impacts on business processes.


ABSTRACT The sample consisted of all families (747) who were invited to receive a Family Unity Meeting from a Public Child Welfare Agency in a large urban county. Data was derived from the review of agency case files. The design was a retrospective case review with an embedded prospective study. This study describes factors that distinguish between CPS clients who accept an invitation to participate in a Family Unity Meeting (FUM) and those clients who decline to participate. The meeting process is described, and logistic regression is used to identify variables that predicted successful outcomes FUM meetings. Families with reunification as a goal were the most likely cases to agree to participate followed by Voluntary and Permanency Planning cases. Cases with severe neglect were the least likely group to participate in a meeting process. Approximately nine people attended an average meeting. Maternal relatives were more likely to attend than paternal relatives. Empirical evidence was found to support the notion that FUM expands the notion of family. Only 38% of children were placed with a parent after a meeting, but 82% of children were placed with a family member. Children were not placed with either the parent or family if the social worker had placement as a goal before the meeting. Cases with permanency plans were also less likely to be placed with the family. Social workers were more likely to agree with a placement with relatives if they had a concern about parental drug abuse. Having a maternal aunt in attendance at the meeting was predictive of having a child placed with the family. Social workers and families stated concerns prior to the meeting diverged. Families were more concerned with economic and financial issues than were the social workers. Social workers were more concerned with child protective service issues (type of abuse, placement issues, etc.) and the behavior of the parent (substance abuse, mental health, etc.) than was the family. Paying attention to family issues such as finances may be a necessary precursor to families focusing on more complex matters like substance abuse or parenting practices. Placement outcomes were consistent with worker's goals stated before the meeting. If a social worker said they wanted to place a child with the family before the meeting, that placement was most likely the outcome of the meeting. Social workers may be guiding the decisions of the family. If this interpretation is correct then it raises questions about who makes decisions at the meeting. An alternative conclusion is that the social workers are good diagnosticians who know prior to the meeting if placement is necessary, and know what decisions the family will make.


Cranks are important parts in a car body. In the processing, moulded forged pieces were quenched and tempered, then the local areas around the finished dowel holes were high frequency quenched and medium and low temperature tempered. The dowels and the dowel holes should be fitted statically, and the whole bodys were phosphorized. Before this batch of parts were assembled, by means of examination we discovered that 28% of these parts were cracking or fractured on the thin walls around the dowel holes. Three cracked cranks were selected. And their material, hardness, microscopic structure and crack characteristic were analysed, and the fractured surfaces were analysed by means of the secondary electron photograph of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and their elements were qualitatively analysed by the X ray energy distribution spectrometer (EDS). Conclusions were drawn as follows: The hardness of the dowel holes became higher after high frequency heat treatment and deformation happened, and the dowels and the dowel holes were fitted too closely, thus resulting in the bigger inner stress around the dowel holes. The high frequency quenching process was not controlled properly so that the decarbonisation on the surfaces of the dowel holes emerged, thus the material′s ability to resist the formation and extension of the cracks was reduced. In the course of phosphorization, these parts were eracking due to the hydrogen corrosion.


with the key constitutional question of the time — the colonists' challenge to parliamentary authority. This solid, well-researched monograph makes a useful contribution to our understanding of the lobby's activities and provides new insights into the interplay between British politics and the policies devised for colonial America. In view of the lobby's inherent limitations, however, this reviewer feels that Sosin has gone too far in claiming that, "Had it not been for the issue of Parliamentary authority, the agents and merchants might have been able to bring about a resolution of any dispute on practical terms." More seriously, by approaching British policy-making and American reactions largely in terms of disputes to be solved in practical terms, the author has made little effort to understand the ideological frame of reference within which the participants were operating. His protestations notwithstanding, that frame of reference is an important and integral part of his story and without it his study is not quite complete.


This is a story about the boundaried nature of stories and the storied nature of boundaries. It concerns a modern 'scientific' boundary: the West Australian border. In the process of trying to locate Aboriginal boundaries in a native title claim, this border is revealed as problematic and bent, and as rooted in the colonial history of the last 500 years. The tensions between Western and Aboriginal conceptions of boundaries open up a space for the exploration of the hidden social and narratological dimensions of land and knowledge, ownership, and authority.


A commonly reported reason for early breastfeeding cessation is inadequate milk production. In response, women across the globe turn to galactagogues – substances used to increase the milk supply. Andean women have traditional knowledge about the medicinal and nutritional properties of plants and animals that are considered good to eat during breastfeeding. This research explores the maintenance and use of galactagogues, and specifically the use of the Andean flicker bird, within the wider framework of breastfeeding and nutrition policies in Peru. To elicit maternal knowledge and use of galactagogues, semi-structured and free-listing interviews were conducted with 33 mothers. Data analysis calculated the frequency and percentage of women reporting each type of galactagogue. In addition, thematic codes and relevant text passages were used in an iterative analytic process to document emerging themes. Identified galactagogues included five plants and six animals. Several galactagogues included protein-rich foods such as lamb meat and the Andean flicker bird. The use of protein-rich galactagogues as solid food is reinforced by public health messages. However, galactagogues in the research communities are usually consumed as soups or drinks, which are less rich in proteins than solid meals. The potential role of liquid galactagogues in the maintenance of appropriate hydration levels during breastfeeding in an environment where safe drinking water is scarce is a new contribution to the existing literature. The results are relevant to the design of maternal and child health policies that comply with intercultural health premises that value and respect the knowledge and practices of Andean Peoples.


Abstract We present a complete spatial and dynamical study of the poorly populated stellar system ESO65SC03. The radial distribution of the system gives a core and cluster radii of 1.10±0.63 and 5.36±0.24 arcmin, respectively. The SNDP does not show any clear enhancement of the surface stellar number density between the stars of the system and the field regions. We derive the optimum isochrone solution for a particular grid size in the CMD using the statistical cleaning procedure. Using the statistically cleaned CMDs, we find the distance modulus, (m − M)0, and reddening, E(B − V), of the system to be 11.8±0.2 and 0.45 mag, respectively. The mean proper motion of this system is − 5.37±0.81 mas yr−1 and 0.31±0.40 in RA and DEC directions, respectively. The mean proper motion of this system is found to be almost similar to the field region. The mass function for the brighter stars is found to be too high for the system to be an open cluster. These combined results place constraints on whether stellar system ESO65SC03 is a POCR or an Asterism. Our understanding is that the ESO65SC03 is in a stage of POCR by losing their main-sequence stars in the dynamic evolution processes.


NASA took another important step Friday in returning U.S. astronaut launches from U.S. soil with the order of a second post-certification mission from commercial provider SpaceX in Hawthorne, California.


In this paper, we propose a search algorithm of bifurcation point in an impact oscillator with periodic threshold. The algorithm based on the Poincaré map approach. In particular, we target the periodic threshold as the bifurcation analysis parameter. First, we define the composite Poincaré map of the two-dimensional impact oscillator. Next, we show the derivative of the Poincaré map with a parameter of the threshold. Finally, we apply the algorithm for a rigid overhead wire-pantograph system. The validity of the algorithm will be verified by the analyses results.


Objectives: The study was conducted to develop the model that predicts the total sales of clinics in city based on population data.
Methods: The clinic revenue, population and population movements data was consolidated into city area unit. The machine learning methods of elastic net and random forest were applied to estimate the clinic revenue and the clinic revenue difference after the five years which was transformed by log and normalization.
Results: Current clinic revenue was most significant factor for the clinic revenue and the clinic revenue difference after the five years prediction. However, clinic revenue difference, the direction between current clinic revenue and future clinic revenue was reversed. The features such as population movement between city and population movement between province also were the important factors for the revenue prediction. Comparing prediction model, the elastic net based machine learning model had more prediction power than random forest based machine learning model.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, clinic revenue, population movement between city and population movement between province could be the information factor for the revenue prediction and revenue difference prediction. When considering opening a clinic, demographic-based regional clinic revenue estimation model could be the factors of reference.


On June 6, 1958, KW Operations had HCR Channel No. 16 borescoped to determine why this rod could not be inserted on May 3. Observations revealed 3X balls in the channel and horizontal separation between graphite blocks ranging from 1/2 inch to 2 1/4 inch. The separations were noted only in the first fifteen feet in from the outer skin and in the last five feet of the channel. As a result of these findings and past operational difficulties with certain HCR`s at both KE and KW Reactors, a program of measurements is in progress to determine the extent and causes of the stack displacements. From measurements and observations so far obtained, the following conclusions may be drawn about separations at locations of consequence to the loss of 3X balls from channels: Side to side horizontal separations totaling two to three inches have been observed at both reactors. The significant separations lie outside of the VSR pattern and in the lower half of the stack. The VSR pattern does not include the six outer ball 3X channels. There are probably a few small separations (< 1/2 inch) at the outer VSR`s. There are probably no separations large enough to admitmore » balls on inner VSR channels, i.e. VSR`s inside the outer front to rear rows of VSR`s. These conclusions can not be considered fully reliable, but no information obtained to date refutes them. A team was established on 9-17-58 to evaluate and provide information on alternate courses of action for elimination or alleviation of the problem. This report contains the information and recommendations developed by the team.« less


Sharia banks are present because of people's needs for alternative transactions that are without interest or usury. One form of transactions in Islamic banks is financing including mudharabah, musyarakah and murabahah which are the most frequently used contracts. Musharaka financing is the biggest contributor to assets in Islamic banks. So the high financing will affect the level of profitability of Islamic banks. The researcher wanted to examine the risks of musharaka financing to the profitability of BPR Syari'ah Situbondo which will be projected with ROA. With the formulation of problem 1) What was the procedure for financing Musyarakah in the Syari'ah Situbondo Rural Credit Bank? 2) What did risks occur in musyarakah financing to return on assets? The approach used in this research was qualitative research. While the type of research used by researchers in this research was descriptive research means describing the variables, one by one. The results showed that the Musharaka financing procedure at the Syari'ah Situbondo People's Financing Bank by fulfilling the requirements to become a BPR Syari'ah Situbondo customer by signing and filling out an account bookkeeping application form containing a complete identity and must follow the procedures determined by the BPR Syari'ah Situbondo. Risks that occur were usually when the customer did not only have one project. The funds that had been disbursed by the SRB will be used for other projects. So that the risk of musyarakah financing affects the profitability of banks.


Selective hydrogenation of phenol is of great significant for the production of Nylon 6. Herein, highly efficient and stable Ir promoted Pt catalysts for the hydrogenation of phenol are prepared by deposition of Pt–Ir nanoparticles onto hollow mesoporous silica spheres (HMSs) through a facile wet-impregnation and H2 reduction method. The obtained PtIr/HMS catalyst with Ir/Pt molar ratio of 0.1 shows a highest hydrogenation rate of 4255 mmol h−1 gPt−1 with cyclohexanone selectivity of 85% at 50 °C and 0.5 MPa of pH2, which is 3 times and 8.6 times higher than that of the mono Pt/HMS catalyst and commercial Pt catalyst, respectively. The trace addition of Ir promoter essentially contributes to the enhanced hydrogenation activity by improving the metal dispersion of Pt nanoparticles and promoting the charge transfer between the Pt and Ir. This work provides an effective protocol in developing high performance catalysts for phenol hydrogenation under mild reaction conditions.


The drastic increase in the number of vehicles and traffic has aggravates the road situation not only abroad but in this country as well. The traffic jam problem may have various solutions, e.g. by extending the present road network (RN). This solution is, however, a rather long and expensive one. Another way is to manage the existing situation, i.e. to create a system for traffic management based on the RN on hand. This way appears to be of value judging both by cost and time of implementation.

The problem of the traffic flow management may be stated and solved by different methods. The traffic management system on the basis of indistinct logic is implemented after the proposed ideas have been thoroughly tested for efficiency and debugged.


Several donor-acceptor π-conjugated copolymers were synthesized by combining 4,7-bis(3,3'/4,4'- hexylthiophene-2-yl)benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazoles (HT-BzT-HT) with different donor segments, including thiophene, 2,2`-bithiophene, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene via Stille cross-coupling methodology, under microwave irradiation. All copolymers exhibited good solubility in most common organic solvents and showed high thermal stabilities. The revealed relationships between the molecular structure and optoelectronic properties were discussed. Each of DFT/TDDFT theoretical calculations and experimental measurements showed that moving the hexyl side chains from 3,3'- to 4,4'- positions in the thiophene rings of HT-BzT-HT units leads to a decrease both optical and electroChemical band gaps. Electrochemical characterization showed that the estimated HOMO and LUMO energy levels are in the range of -5.18 eV to -5.60 eV and -3.25 to -3.53 eV, respectively. The PCE of 1.91% was obtained from P10/PC60BM based device with Voc of 0.64 V, Jsc of 5.68 mA/cm2 and fill factor of 64%.


The sections in this article are

Introduction and Scope
Phospholipid SAMs on Hg
Preparation Methodology and Procedures
Structure and Physical Properties of Phospholipid SAMs on Hg
Differential Capacity of Phospholipid SAMs on Hg
Inhibitive Properties of Phospholipid SAMs on Hg
Modeling of Phospholipid SAMs on Hg

Incorporation of Lipophilic Molecules in Phospholipid SAMs on Hg
Electroinactive Compounds
Electroactive Compounds

Thiol SAMs on Hg
Preparation Methodology and Procedures
Structure and Physical Properties of Thiol SAMs on Mercury
Surface-sensitive Techniques
Electrochemical Properties
Total and Free Charge Density on Mercury Coated with Thiol SAMs
Electron Transfer across Thiol SAMs on Mercury

Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes on Hg


This work is a contribution to the growing Oxford University Press series, Emotions in History. Emotions are clearly involved in how civility and civilization are constructed in late nineteenthto early twentieth-century world cultures during the age of high imperialism in the investigations produced by these authors. However, the scholarship that informs these essays in the main stems not from the history of emotions so much as the history of concepts, a form of intellectual history particularly strong in the German academic tradition. This takes concepts – in this case civility and civilization – as the subject of investigation, explored through language and semantic fields in texts that, here, primarily concern the genres of dictionaries, encyclopedias, media debates and literature. As Jan Ifverson emphasizes in his Afterword, a key contribution of this collaborative project is its interest in going beyond national-level investigations to the transnational and its global entanglements. This is a particular challenge in a field that is grounded in linguistic specificities but which is handled here through attention to transfers, transmissions and translations of concepts between cultures.


13031 Background: FLT has been developed as a PET tracer for imaging tumor proliferation. We evaluated whether FLT-PET could predict tumor response only after 3 days of gefitinib treatment.

METHODS
Nonsmokers with adenocarcinoma of the lung were eligible for this study. FLT-PET was performed at 1 day before and 3 days after the start of gefitinib (250 mg/d) therapy. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the main lung mass was measured, and changes in tumor SUVmax were calculated. After 6 weeks of therapy, response was assessed by chest CT according to WHO criteria. The cutoff value predicting subsequent CT response was obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

RESULTS
Between Jun. 2005 and Nov. 2005, 22 patients were enrolled. CT response was partial response in 12 (54%), stable disease in 5 (23%), and progressive disease in 5 (23%). As early as 3 days after the initiation of therapy, significant difference in % changes of tumor SUVmax on FLT-PET was observed between responders and nonresponders (-32% v -2.3%, P = .002) ( Table ). When a reduction of tumor SUVmax ≥ 20% was used as a cutoff value for FLT-PET response, CT response could be predicted with positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 83%, respectively. Time to progression was significantly longer in FLT-PET responders than nonresponders (median 5.1 v 1.4 months, P = .011).

CONCLUSIONS
Using FLT-PET obtained on days 0 and 3 of gefitinib therapy, the response could be early predicted in patients with NSCLC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Wishbone is a standard System-on-Chip (SoC) bus interface for Intellectual Property (IP) core modules to communicate with each other. The present day SoCs have large number of interconnected cores/processing-elements (PE) that need to communicate with each other. Typical scenario would have a Master processor/Controller-Core and large number of Slave/hardware-accelerator/co-processor/PE cores. These cores may have their own local private memory and may share memory blocks with other cores. The cores need to transfer data/instructions between themselves, peripherals and input-output ports. In case of applications demanding Single-Kernel-Multiple-Data (SKMD), the Controller core may transfer the common kernel-code to PEs using Broadcast or Multicast technique rather than transmitting the same kernel-code multiple times. Similarly the controller core can transfer the common data to multiple cores using Broadcast or Multicast technique in the case of Multiple-Kernel-Single-Data (MKSD). In this paper, it is exhibited that Wishbone protocol capability can be enhanced by including Multicasting and Broadcasting features. Promising results have been achieved with simulation and synthesis of the whole module on Xilinx 14.4 ISE platform. Design has been implemented on Xilinx FPGA platform using Nexys-4 (Artix-7) board.


Interpretive discourse analysis commonly claims to address the interrelation between actors and discourses. However, the analytical focus of most approaches is on structures (discourses) while much less attention is paid to agency. This paper explicitly addresses discursive agency in two steps. First, we systematically review theoretical and analytical dimensions of agency in existing interpretive discourse analysis approaches. This review reveals a set of shared assumptions; most notably a concept of "trialectic" agency emphasizing the constitution of agency among the individual, the (discursive) structures, and the researcher's interpretation. Second, we propose an analytical heuristic, the Discursive Agency Approach, which is developed on the basis of the review and own empirical data. The proposed approach consists of four elements: (1) policy discourses, (2) political institutions, (3) agents defined via a set of characteristics, and (4) strategic practices. This approach is meant to facilitate a systematic exploration of agency under a discourse perspective, tackling the question of how a policy is constituted through the agency ascribed to its proponents in dynamic discursive processes, and how actors acquire political relevance through discursive means. To enable this goal, we propose distinct research steps and associated methods that link the approach to existing means of analysis.