Objective To compare survival outcomes, posttreatment complications, and quality of life (QoL) of early-stage cervical cancer patients with intermediate-risk factors between those who received adjuvant pelvic radiation and those without adjuvant treatment. Methods Stages IB–IIA cervical cancer patients classified as having intermediate-risk following primary radical surgery were included. After propensity score weighted adjustment, all baseline demographic and pathological characteristics of 108 women who received adjuvant radiation and 111 women who had no adjuvant treatment were compared. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes included treatment-related complications and QoL. Results Median follow-up time was 76.1 months in the adjuvant radiation group and 95.4 months in the observation group. The 5-year PFS (91.6% in the adjuvant radiation group and 88.4% in the observation group, p=0.42) and OS (90.1% in the adjuvant radiation group and 93.5% in the observation group, p=0.36) were not significantly different between the groups. There was no significant association between adjuvant treatment and overall recurrence/death in the Cox proportional hazard model. However, a substantial reduction in pelvic recurrence was observed in participants with adjuvant radiation (hazard ratio=0.15; 95% confidence interval=0.03–0.71). Grade 3/4 treatment-related morbidities and QoL scores were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion Adjuvant radiation was associated with a lower risk of pelvic recurrence. However, its significant benefit in reducing overall recurrence and improving survival in early-stage cervical cancer patients with intermediate-risk factors could not be demonstrated.


Micro particle image velocimetry forms the basis of modern microscale flow measurement techniques. However, the motion of tracking particles that have been introduced into the fluid to measure flow velocity in micro fluidic flows can be affected by a number of different body forces that may not affect the carrier fluid. Under these conditions, molecular tagging velocity (MTV) has a distinct advantage in resolving fluid motion. A MTV approach, based on the photobleaching mechanism, is presented that allows any desired pattern of flow markers to be written into the region-of-interest to track the flow. This allows standard particle master shadowgraphy algorithms to be used to track groups of tagged molecules in the flow resolving two components of the bulk fluid motion. The MTV techniques developed so far for microfluidic application provide only a one dimensional flow measurement, typically along the axial direction perpendicular to the tagged region. Other tagging methods include the use of a grid and a structured mask for macro-scale and micro-scale flows respectively. One of the limitations of these approaches is that velocity information for only a predefined pattern is available. The MTV technique presented here is capable of resolving two dimensional flow velocity information with the limitations associated with the application of a mask. The salient feature of the presented approach is the use of a laser scanner which allows unrestricted, repeatable and accurate movement of the write laser within the field-of-view. The temporal displacement of the tagged region is captured onto an imaging device. The proof of concept of the technique is presented in the current work. A known flow velocity through a curved section of a 750 μm wide serpentine channel is measured using the designed system. The tagged regions are in the form of dark dots which advect with the flow. The temporal and spatial evolution of these tagged regions is tracked to reveal the flow information. The aim of this technique is to perform velocity measurements in a dielectrophoretic flow of a mixture of nanoparticles and the caged fluorescent dye, which may show different flow behavior, possibly in two opposite directions due to the charge on them.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


We report on the Dalitz plot analyses of B{sup -} {yields} D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -}, B{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +} and D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{sup +}. The Dalitz plot method and the most recent BABAR results are discussed.


This paper applies Benders decomposition to two-stage stochastic problems for energy planning with multiple climatic years, a key problem for the design of renewable energy systems. First, we implement Benders decomposition with existing enhancements suited for the characteristics of the problem, a simple continuous master-problemandfewbutlargesub-problems. Next, wedevelopanoveltrust-regionmethod using a quadratic constraint that is continuously adapted to further improve the algo-rithm.In a quantitative case-study our method accelerates Benders decomposition by a factor of four to six slightly increasing solve time of the master-problem, but greatly reducing the number of iterations. With the computational resources at our disposal, Benders decomposition with quadratic trust-region outperforms closed optimization if planning covers more than six climatic years, because run-time does not increase with the number of scenarios thanks to distributed computing. Furthermore, results show that the quadratic trust-region approach benefits from a heuristic starting solution but does not depend on it to be performative. Finally, we suggest further improvements of the algorithm. First, heuristic methods to narrow the solution space of the master-problem. Second, approximations of the sub-problems to faster add inexact but valid cuts.


We show a method to reconstruct connectivity hypermatrices of a general hypergraph (without
any self loop or multiple edge) using hypermatrix. We also study the different spectral
properties of these hypermatrices and find that these properties are similar for graphs and
uniform hypergraphs. The representation of a connectivity hypermatrix that is proposed
here can be very useful for the further development in spectral hypergraph theory. We also
represent general directed uniform and non-uniform hypergraphs by adjacency and Laplacian
hypermatrices and study their spectral properties.


We analyzed three different kinds of add/drop ratio restriction schemes for reducing OXC hardware scale and network resource requirements. Numerical experiments clarify the degree of effectiveness of each restriction.


Many researchers have attempted to define and even carried out studies touching on gender as a factor in academics. Flynn (2012), for example defined gender as the range of physical, biological, mental and behavioural characteristics pertaining to and differentiating between masculinity and feminity. Gender is one of the personal variables with relationships to differences in motivational functioning and in self-regulated learning patterns in boys and girls. In the traditional times, there were some work reserved for boys and girls. These beliefs have been extended to educational settings. There are also vocations regarded as men"s and women"s. Kashu, (2014) has argued that gender related disparities have also characterized Kenyan education system at the national level, at regional level and at all levels of education from primary to university in favour of males. MOE (2005) reported that secondary school sub sector has been facing challenges, particularly unsatisfactory level of transition from secondary to tertiary particularly university, as well as serious gender and regional disparities with the quality of secondary education remaining low in the last decade. Government of Kenya Education officials and media have over the past couple of years published the top one hundred KCSE candidates at national, regional, county and sub county levels. The top of the lists have often been dominated by male candidates or males"-only schools apart from just but a few schools and sub counties where the performances have tilted slightly in favour of the female gender (MOE, 2014).


There has been increasing demand for establishing privacy-preserving methodologies for modern statistics and machine learning. Differential privacy, a mathematical notion from computer science, is a rising tool offering robust privacy guarantees. Recent work focuses primarily on developing differentially private versions of individual statistical and machine learning tasks, with nontrivial upstream pre-processing typically not incorporated. An important example is when record linkage is done prior to downstream modeling. Record linkage refers to the statistical task of linking two or more data sets of the same group of entities without a unique identifier. This probabilistic procedure brings additional uncertainty to the subsequent task. In this paper, we present two differentially private algorithms for linear regression with linked data. In particular, we propose a noisy gradient method and a sufficient statistics perturbation approach for the estimation of regression coefficients. We investigate the privacy-accuracy tradeoff by providing finite-sample error bounds for the estimators, which allows us to understand the relative contributions of linkage error, estimation error, and the cost of privacy. The variances of the estimators are also discussed. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms through simulations and an application to synthetic data.


The maximum tensile strength of fluids is an important guide to the onset of cavitation. Being able to predict the onset of cavitation is important in formulation for industries as diverse as printing and automotive industries. A technique has been developed to use break‐up at the end of a capillary thinning experiment to determine the maximum tensile strength of the test fluid. The technique has been applied to a range of concentrations and molecular weights of polyethylene glycol. The results have been validated by comparison with the values and behaviours observed from the bullet piston apparatus. Some discussion regarding the advantages, differences and applicability of using the CaBER is also provided. Some discussion is also provided regarding break‐up in capillary thinning experiments.


Self-balancing, straight-driving and turning control in two dimensional plane are the core technologies of the self-balancing two-wheeled robot. However, coupling relationship exists between the two wheels of the robot, which complicates the control system. This paper presents a novel straight-driving and turning compound control system. The controllers can be designed according to the special symmetric structure of the system to avoid complex modeling or decoupling problems. The mathematical model of the robot is established in terms of Lagrange equations. According to the symmetric coupling characteristic of the system, the structure of the compound control system is derived. The straight-driving and turning controllers are designed respectively. Simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed compound control system.


Anelastic aftereffect was studied in the fine-grained Pb-62% Sn alloy deformed in a wide range of stresses, including both those optimal to superplasticity and those differing from the optimal ones. The experiments were performed at room temperature under creep conditions at a constant load. The data obtained are thought to be of importance to understand the specific features of the structural state occurring under conditions of structural superplasticity.


In preparing periodically-oriented gallium nitride (PO GaN) samples for optical applications, smooth surfaces are essential. Although post-growth processing of these surfaces is possible, it is challenged by significantly different reactivity of the two polar surfaces. To this end, it would be highly desirable to grow PO GaN structures with smooth surfaces. In this paper, the influence of growth parameters on the morphology of PO GaN structures is investigated. The three primary parameters investigated include the V/III ratio of the gas phase precursors, the nature of the carrier gas, and the geometry of the structure. The V/III ratio was varied from 1100 to 5500. Substitution of N2 for the standard H2 carrier gas is investigated. Finally, the effects of changing the structure periodicity from 2 to 100 mm are studied. Smoother structures (resulting from more equal growth rates of the two polarities) are achieved with increases in V/III ratio, substitution of H2 with N2, and by reducing the stripe width. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In December, 2010, a large forest fire broke out in the Carmel Forest in Israel near the city of Haifa and spread throughout the communities of the Carmel Seashore Regional Council. The fire left forty-four casualties and thousands of square kilometers burned. This paper describes the effective performance during the fire of Community Emergency Teams (CET) established and trained during the previous year in residential areas, to be ready to react in any community emergency, whether security situation or natural disaster. The CETs were organized according to a community preparedness model developed by the Community Work Service of the Ministry of Welfare to provide an immediate local response until official forces arrive at the scene. CETs alerted and enlisted residents, provided information, and guided them through evacuation as well as taking care of private and public property and participating in fighting the fire. The success of CETs is due to three identifiable stages: First, volunteer training and preparation to gain personal and community resilience. Second, cohesive and organized action taken by the CETs during the four day blaze. Third, the recognition and reinforcement gained by volunteers and residents at the community level. It is suggested that the model be applied to as many communities as possible for a fast suitable reaction in any type of emergency situation in Israel.


Since the Middle Ages the cross has been a tangible and visible symbol of Christian faith and tradition. First appearing in the fourth century,' the cross developed in various ways among different churches, cultures and nations. Two basic forms of the cross—relating to the Latin and Greek traditions in the Christian faith—emerged and are now found in many local variations. Although both Latin and Greek crosses are present in Western and Eastern liturgies/' they have always been symbols of distinctive ecclesiastical traditions. With the growth of national consciousness, often enhanced by religious concerns, crosses have become symbols of distinctive national identities.


The synthesis of alumina particle reinforced metal matrix composite was conducted using aluminothermic reduction of Cu ++ from CuO by pure aluminum through powder metallurgy route. Experimental results show that the reduction of Cu ++ from CuO in the Al-CuO system is a two-step in-situ reaction process which involves the formation of intermediate phase Cu 2 O. The reduction of Cu ++ into Cu + in the studied system starts below 650°C, and finishes at about 750°C. The reduction of Cu+ into Cu and the formation of CuAl 2 take place between 850°C and 950°C.


1Background: The growing population of cancer survivors (15.5 million in the US) face myriad health issues that require health care attention. Cancer is increasingly viewed as a chronic illness that, once treated, requires systematic and coordinated care. Little guidance, however, has been provided in terms of how programs should be organized and little research has been done to understand emerging models in the field. We aim to identify and describe the most common survivorship models of care to identify characteristics of care and provide guidance on how survivorship care should be delivered. Methods: We conducted a scan of 236 CoC-accredited cancer centers to identify characteristics that co-occur in survivorship programs and those that predict the provision of LIVESTRONG's Essential Elements. We supplemented this approach with in-depth interviews and surveys of 32 survivorship programs to gain detailed organizational information. Results: Three models emerged from the data: The Consultative Specialize...


This exploratory paper demonstrates the quantitative response of H2, N2, and O2 in 50% argon-50% helium to a 20-A dc arc and 1% thoriated-tungsten electrodes. This work also illustrates the feasibility of exciting the spectra of these gases, as well as chlorine, at atmospheric pressure and at other relatively simple conditions with a minimum of special facilities.


rectly from high cultures of the Old World. The other brings the Indian from Asia without the basic neolithic arts of agriculture, pottery-making and weaving and denies any significant Old World contacts thereafter, down to the time of Columbus. This assumption requires independent creation of the basic arts mentioned, and also of more advanced manifestations such as carving and painting, metallurgy, and elaborate ceremonial architectures. For Middle America, and specifically for the Mayan part of it, hieroglyphic writing and records of astronomical observations and calculations must be added to


Investment decision-making in developing countries has largely ignored the role that local electoral politics may play in either encouraging or discouraging long-term investment projects sponsored by foreign firms. Increase in developing country foreign direct investment on the one hand, and trends promoting democratization and competitive elections on the other hand provide an ideal research opportunity to investigate possible investment-election linkages. We do so through development and testing of a framework integrating partisan and opportunistic political business cycle ("PBC") theories to predict trends in the count of major investment projects announced in 18 emerging-market countries holding 31 presidential elections from 1987-2000. Consistent with the framework, we find that firms sponsoring major project investments perceive lower investment risk in the form of more investment project announcements as left-wing political incumbents appear more likely to be replaced by right-wing challengers. Sim...


"Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose," said Gertrude Stein (187),1 and we might be tempted to name René Magritte's painting A Rose Is a Rose, were it not for the fact that this image (see figure 1) is not a rose, any more than Magritte's painting of a pipe, The Treachery of Images (La Trahison des images) (1929), is a pipe. His caption, "Ceci n'est pas une pipe," amply demonstrates that the signifier is not the signified. In his book This Is Not a Pipe (1968), Michel Foucault devotes some fifty pages to proving that the iconic representation of a pipe is not the same thing as smoking it. Indeed, in our time, no informed person believes in the transparency of the sign. The rose is not a rose because Magritte has named his picture The Tomb of the Wrestlers (Le Tombeau des lutteurs) (1960), a title he borrowed from Léon Cladel's nineteenth-century novel entitled Ompdrailles, le-tombeau-des-lutteurs (1879). This is an unusual and arresting title for a painting that depicts a red rose inside a room, a rose whose petals are enclosed by the walls, the floor, and the ceiling. Moreover, the painting was not meant to illustrate the novel any more than Cladel's text is an intentional ekphrastic representation of the painting.


We observe saturation of cathodoluminescence (CL) from GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well wires (QWWs) at high excitation intensity. The GaAs/AIGaAs QWWs were fabricated by electron-beam lithography, selective gallium ion implantation, and annealing.1 Single QWWs were excited with a cw or pulsed 5-keV electron beam, and the resulting CL is detected by cw or subnanosecond time-delayed-coincidence photon counting. At 20 K and low excitation intensity the CL spectrum shows a peak at 1.65 eV due to the QWW and a weaker peak at 1.7 eV due to carriers excited in the surrounding implanted material. As the excitation intensity is increased, the lower energy peak broadens on the high-energy side and eventually saturates in intensity at a density of 8 × 1017/cm3, whereas the CL from the implanted or large masked regions saturates at the higher density of 4 × 1018/cm3. We attribute the saturation to bandfilling. Time-resolved CL measurements are discussed. We report the first observation of CL from QWWs at room temperature. The CL intensity of the QWWs is comparable with that of the implanted regions. Both are an order of magnitude weaker than that of the unimplanted quantum well.


Century Fathom presents an innovative process to utilize clathrate hydrates for the production, storage and transportation of natural gas from off-shore energy reserves in deep ocean environments. The production scheme was developed by considering the preferred state of natural gas in the deep ocean and addressing the hazards associated with conventional techniques to transport natural gas. It also is designed to mitigate the significant shipping cost inherent with all methods. The resulting proposed scheme restrains transport in the hydrate form to the ocean and does not attempt to supply energy to the residential consumer. Instead; the target recipients are industrial operations. The resulting operational concept is intrinsically safer by design; environmentally sustainable and significantly cost-effective compared with currently proposed schemes for the use of natural gas hydrates and has the potential to be the optimal solution for new production of reserves; depending on the distance to shore and capacity of the petroleum reserve. A potential additional benefit is the byproduct of desalinated water.


An infrared temperature sensor module developed for the detection of defects in a plate was modified to use in a cylinder. A set of optical fiber leads and a mechanism maintaining sensor-object distance constant were utilized for the modification of the IR sensor module. The detection performance was experimentally investigated, and the measured temperature was also compared with computed temperature distribution. The experimental outcome indicates that the detection of a simulated defect is readily available. The temperature distribution is better for defect detection than that with the previous device. In addition, the measured distribution is comparable to the calculated one using a heat conduction equation. The developed device of defect detection is suitable to be utilized in chemical processes where most of vessels and piping systems are in the shape of a cylinder.


This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a solar simulator that is comprised of many high-power LEDs of various wavelengths. A solar simulator is a light source which can provide optical power to measure the characteristics of solar panels indoors. For this application, the light source requires an optical spectrum and irradiance that is similar to solar rays. A high-power LED-based light source is considered to provide a light-weight design, higher luminous efficacy, and longer operating life. To match the solar spectrum, the light source in the form of an LED array needs various types of LEDs whose wavelengths and intensities are different from one another. The proposed solar simulator includes a highdensity LED fixture containing a 5 by 5 array of high-intensity LEDs. The square fixture measures 2.5 inches (63.5 mm) per side. The goal of this work is to find the radiometric power and optimum layout for an array of high-power LEDs in order to generate an optical spectrum similar to solar rays with uniform irradiance. The fixture has 18 high-power LEDs of 18 different types in the 5 by 5 array. Each LED in the fixture has a specific wavelength and intensity set by a 3D optical modeling tool. This work presents the parameters that affect spectral match and uniformity of irradiance. The parameters are the number of different LEDs used, their intensities, and arrangement. The number of LEDs and their intensities for a spectral match were computed by a developed algorithm. Modeling an LED array for spectral match, color quality, and irradiance were carried out by a 3D optical modeling tool. The results include the spectral and irradiance distributions of the proposed solar simulator.


The effects of pre-chilling on seed germination and seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala were examined, alone and combined with soaking in cold water, clipping and immersing in concentrated sulfuric acid. Results showed that germination percentage of freshly harvested seeds was improved significantly by pre-chilling. Germination percentages of pre-chilled seeds soaked in cold water in the short duration were significantly lower than control, but their radicle length and seedling vigor index were higher. Sandpapering in conjunction with pre-chilling is the most efficient methods for high germination percentage, germination time and seedling growth index. Immersion of seeds in sulfuric until 20 minutes period had no significant effect on germination percentage, but it significantly reduced radicle length, hypocotyls length and seedling vigor index. These results confirm the earlier findings that seed dormancy in Leucaena leucocephala to be external and internal type.


This study aimed to determine the most significant predictor of the quality of worklife of business graduates from among the domains of the employability skills of business graduates of Government Owned and Controlled Corporations as basis for a training and development program. The descriptive-correlational method of research was used involving 278 samples chosen through purposive sampling. To arrive at an accurate interpretation of the data, statistical tests such as the mean and multiple regressions were employed. The study revealed that the level of employability skills in terms of self management is practiced all the time by the GOCCs business graduates in Region XII. Their quality of worklife is satisfactory. The eight employability skills significantly predicts the domains of quality of worklife of business graduate. Planning and organizing and lifelong learning are the two most significant predictors of quality of worklife. Further, a training and development program is made a part of this study for possible adoption of interested agencies. It is therefore recommended that there must be proper documentation of the employability skills that maybe significant to business employees to address the problem of mismatch. There must be proper evaluation of the quality of worklife practices to better meet the needs of dual-career families. Curriculum of different universities and colleges must be equipped with the knowledge and skills so required by companies so that graduates would certainly become valuable assets who will bring the establishments they will serve to high level of performance.


Control of the electron correlation (U/W, U, the on-site Coulomb repulsion, W, the bandwidth) in molecular conductors is essential to the occurrence of various phase transitions such as MI (metal– insulator) transitions and superconducting transitions. We have been investigating chemical modifications to -electron donors capable of generating a stable metallic state with the aim of increasing the electron correlation. For instance, we have found that the -donor BDH-TTP forms many metallic salts stable to low temperatures (> ca. 2 K) [1], whereas MTDH-TTP, in which the outer dithiolane ring of BDH-TTP is replaced with two methylthio groups, gives semiconducting salts with activation energies ranging from 22 to 114 meV, a metallic salt with an MM (metal–metal) transition, and a stable metallic salt with a slight resistance upturn around 12 K. This chemical modification to BDH-TTP is thought to lead to an increase in structural flexibility (or a diversity in conformations) because the two methylthio groups of MTDHTTP can be spatially situated in various positions. Meanwhile, we have found that metallic salts are obtainable from EDDH-TTP and DT-MET [1]. Our next attention was thus focused on bis(methylthio)substituted analogs of EDDH-TTP and DT-MET, that is, EDMT-TTP and MT-MET. In this paper, we report on the synthesis, electrochemical properties, and molecular structures of EDMT-TTP and MTMET, and also on the crystal structures and conductivity of their salts.


Resistance is an evolutionary process, based on mutations, gene flow, genetic drift and selection enabling certain organisms to survive the exposure to pesticides and increase their frequency in pest populations. Individuals carrying genetic mutations or natural variations confering a shift in sensitivity towards one our multiple chemical components can be selected by the use of pesticides. Repeated rounds of selection (treatments) can lead to an increase of resistant individuals in populations and when the frequency of resistant individuals becomes predominant compared to the sensitive fraction the efficacy of the pesticide can be impaired. Resistance research includes studies aimed to 1) determine the baseline sensitivity of target pathogen species, determine the genetic origin of adaptation (mode of resistance), 2) perform forced selection or mutagenesis experiments if no naturally resistant strains are available, 3) understand the inheritance of resistance, 4) elucidate the cross resistance pattern to other fungicides of the same class or of different classes, 5) describe and model the evolutionary potential in a field population and 6) study and elucidate mititgation procedures, 7) propose anti-resistance strategies aimed at reducing the selection pressure. Resistance management cannot prevent the evolution of resistance, but it can significantly lower the occurence of resistance and delay its development within populations and therefore preserve the effectiveness of pesticide treatments (FAO 2012). Resistance reseach is not only an essential tool to manage commercialized products, but it is crucial in all stages of a pesticide life starting from the early discovery (Torriani et al. 2015) through the process of registration. During the early stages of pesticide development the specific mode of action and possible mechanisms of resistance for a new molecule needs be characterized. Moreover, the intrinsic activity (potency) and the spectrum of activity need to be elucidated for the different target pests. Since resistance management is a regulatory requirement for registration, resistance risk evaluation and field sensitivity baselines are integral parts of the registration dossier (OEPP/EPPO 2015). In this contribution we will focus to the research aimed to better characterize the resistance evolution of the fungicide class Succinate DeHydrogenase Inhibitors (SDHIs).


The aim of the paper is to analyze the current state of the oil and gas complex of Ukraine, upon which to identify the challenges and to justify the development prospects of the effective activities of complex entities. Comprehensive introduction of the advanced mechanisms for the development of oil and gas complex entities' development will contribute to the economic growth of other industries and the Ukrainian economy as a whole, as well as decrease in the energy dependence and security of the state interests. Methods. The following methods were used in research: systematic, economic and mathematical, balancing, judgment-based and abstract-logical. In addition, methods of statistical analysis, analytical spread sheet tabulation method, and method of scientific hypothesis modelling for studied processes. Results. The effectiveness of introduction of the proposed perspective trends of the entities of Ukrainian oil and gas complex is estimated. It is proved that their comprehensive implementation will improve the competitiveness of their operations, and energy independence of Ukraine. The necessity of introduction of the innovative technologies and new approaches to solution of the management problems at oil and gas complex entities is proved. Implementation of prospective mechanisms for the development of effective activity of oil and gas entities shall be based on economic competition between the entities with simultaneous implementation of the measures of state support for the promising modernization technologies reflecting the public interest to the energy security improvement. Practical significance. A study of the current state of oil and gas complex of Ukraine and challenges of development of the complex entities contributes to the identification of areas for balancing and substantiation of the development prospects of the oil and gas sector of economy in order to ensure its energy security, taking into account the strategic orientations of Ukrainian economy development. Implementation of the promising modernization mechanisms referred in study into practice is one of the priorities of oil and gas entities for increase in their production activities and profitability. The main sources of funds for the functioning of economic mechanisms for encouragement of the modernization programs and projects can be: funds of the state and local budgets received from the established taxes, penalties and increased payments for energy resources; own funds of the entities; credit facilities; internal and external investments. The implementation of the strategic objectives of development of oil and gas entities, introduction of large-scale measures for the development, technical upgrading and modernization of the fixed assets, as well as the consistent introduction of competitive relations on the domestic and external markets shall be fulfilled through improving the pricing and tariff policy by the introduction of the economically justified level of prices and tariffs for energy resources. Value/originality. The current state of the oil and gas complex of Ukraine is analyzed and its problems are identified, upon which its development prospects are substantiated. The main challenges inhibiting the stable development of oil and gas entities and their solutions are considered. The challenge of modernization and technical re-equipment of the oil and gas complex entities and the possibility of their organizational and economic reforming are covered.


Introduction The Concept, Rule and Interpretation of Law Ors Adjudication, Democracy, the Rule of Law Legal Hermeneutics and Jurisprudence IV Various Aspects of Judicial Reasoning


This article aims to understand how the transformations that occurred in labor relations throughout the 20th century contributed to the development of telecommuting regulation by Law 13,467/2017. It consists of a theoretical qualitative study, with an explanatory purpose and a deductive approach, using the historical method and the bibliographic research method on documents. The theme is justified by the need to understand how the transformations that occurred in the capitalist production have an impact on the development of new labor relations, such as telecommuting. It is concluded that the transformations in the structure of labor relations throughout the 20th century contributed to the development of more precarious working modalities, with the aim to reduce work duration inspection, to increase individual negotiations between employee and employer, and to transfer the risks of economic activity to the worker, facts which were observed in the regulation of telecommuting by Law 13,467/2017.


We model the aqueous solvation of a nonpolar solute as a function of its radius. We use a simplified statistical mechanical model of water, the Mercedes Benz (MB) model, in NPT Monte Carlo simulations. This model has previously been shown to predict qualitatively the volume anomalies of pure water and the free energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity, and volume change for inserting a nonpolar solute into water. We find a very different mechanism for the aqueous solvation of large nonpolar solutes (much larger than a water) than for smaller solutes. Small solute transfer involves a large hydrophobic heat capacity; its disaffinity for cold water (room temperature or below) is due to the ordering of the neighboring waters (entropic), while its disaffinity for hot water is due to the breaking of hydrogen bonds among the neighboring waters (enthalpic). In contrast, transferring large nonpolar solutes into water involves no such large changes in heat capacity or entropy. In this regard, large nonpolar solutes ...


This paper presents the short-term prediction of the Settlement Price of Differences, which is the price of electricity in the Brazilian short-term market, published weekly by the Electric Energy Trading Chamber, through an artificial intelligence tool. This strategy combines an artificial neural network with autoregressive techniques in order to provide the network with the learning capacity for dynamic stochastic systems. The recurrent neural network is used for the prediction of multiple steps in the future for the time series of the Settlement Price of Differences, which has great variability with unequal energy dispatch characteristics. The results show that the proposed network has the ability to predict upward and downward price trends, as well as the difference between sub region prices, as an attractive tool to aid in the planning and reduction of energy purchase risks.


Numerical simulations are an important component of flood studies. The amount of input data used for numerical simulations can be very large, both in the number of files and the amount of data required. This is particularly true if numerous simulations are created in order to study multiple scenarios. This paper describes an approach for sharing model data between simulations and a graphical user interface which has been created to manage the simulations and data sharing.


We show that the $qq$-character of the irreducible highest weight module for finite-type and affine quivers is obtained by Higgsing, specialization of the equivariant parameters of the associated framing space in the quiver variety.


Understanding the effect of higher alcohol prices on alcohol demand according to one's level of alcohol consumption is crucial while evaluating the effectiveness of using alcohol taxes as an alcohol-control medium. In this study, I estimate the differential responses to alcohol prices on alcohol demand for young adults by asking whether heavy drinkers are more responsive to higher alcohol prices than light and moderate drinkers. To conduct the analysis, I use the data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) for the years 1997 to 2008. To answer the research question on hand, I implement three different econometric methods: (1) pooled quantile regression; (2) quantile regression for panel data; and (3) finite mixture models. Findings from these methods consistently suggest that heavy drinkers respond to higher alcohol prices by lowering their alcohol intake. Since alcohol-related externalities are likely to be caused by heavy drinkers, the results emphasize the possibility of higher alcohol taxes curbing alcohol-related externalities associated with young adults by lowering the alcohol consumption among the heavy drinkers.


One of the key elements of industrial cooling towers is the heat-mass exchange attachment - irrigation. This article presents the results of computer simulation of processes occurring in the amount of sprinkler cooling tower, consisting of vertical corrugated plastic pipe. Based on research to improve the efficiency of heat-mass exchange processes, there are given the recommendations on the layout of blocks regular packing.


Some hematological values, blood total protein, protein fractions, and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus of takhi, which are now being reintroduced in Khustain natural park, were measured. There were 8.3 million red blood cells and 8000 white blood cells in 1 mm3 whole blood of takhi reintroduced in Khustain natural park, and hemoglobin was 179.6±3.2 g/l. As well, total proteins, calcium and phosphorus of takhi were 67± 0.6 g/l, 2.1±0.31 mmol/l, and 1.1±0.2 mmol/l respectively and they were similar to those in Mongolian horses. It has been necessary to investigate further adaptability of takhi in asscoation with both internal and external environments of its body. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.206 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.3-6


According to the application status of pteridophyte,the depth analysis was made from idea,scientific research and improvement of environment for the reason of pteridophyte uncommon in Northern cities.Poniting out the really rason of native admiren pteridophyta not suitable in northern cities is that power research weak,guideline is positioned inppropriately,urban landscape is dissimilatory and lack of ecological microenvironment.


ProceSS for recovering caprolactam from a Solution com prising caprolactam dissolved in an organic Solvent, Said process comprising: a) washing the Solution with water or an aqueous alkaline Solution, resulting in a washed Solution comprising caprolactam and organic Solvent and in a Washing residue, b) evaporating organic Solvent from the washed Solution, resulting in caprolactam product, c) optionally, hydrogenating the caprolactam product, d) optionally, evaporating water from the caprolactam product, e) distilling the caprolactam product to recover caprolac tam and a distillation residue, f) extracting the distillation residue with an organic Sol vent in the presence of water to obtain (i) an extract comprising caprolactam dissolved in organic Solvent and (ii) an aqueous effluent, and g) recycling the extract to step a) or b).


Turbellarians occur in a variety of wetlands, being also abundant in temporary water bodies. Several turbellarians are top predators in their microhabitats, many of them feeding on zooplankton. However, they are seldom taken into account in biodiversity studies. Information on turbellarian diversity in Brazilian freshwater ecosystems mainly came from taxonomical studies. In southern Brazil, there are a high number of wetlands, most of them represented by rice fields. Despite their impact on natural areas, these managed ecosystems can play an important role in freshwater biodiversity conservation. The aim of the present work was to report on an inventory done in irrigated rice fields of three areas of the Coastal Plain of southern Brazil, viz. Cachoeirinha, Santo Antonio da Patrulha e Camaqua. We found 144 species of freshwater turbellarians, distributed in six taxonomic groups (Catenulida, Macrostomida, Lecithoepitheliata, Proseriata, Rhabdocoela, and Tricladida). Twenty-three species are recorded for the first time for Brazil. Catenulida showed the highest relative abundance in Cachoeirinha, followed by Rhabdocoela. In Santo Antonio and Camaqua, Tricladida had the highest relative abundance, followed by Catenulida. Results suggest that some turbellarian species show a high level of habitat specificity with only 38% of the registered turbellarians occurring in a single study area. Although there is a paucity of turbellarian inventories in Brazilian natural wetlands, hampering a comparison between natural and managed wetlands, results indicate high species richness in the areas studied.


Background: The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel critical for ionic homeostasis in epithelial cells, is mutated in cystic fibrosis. Results: FKBP8 stabilizes WT and ΔF508 CFTR in the ER and appears to act downstream of Hsp90. Conclusion: FKBP8 is critical for the biogenesis of WT and ΔF508 CFTR. Significance: Our findings suggest that FKBP8 is a late acting chaperone for WT and ΔF508 CFTR. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the apical chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) with 90% of patients carrying at least one deletion of the F508 (ΔF508) allele. This mutant form of CFTR is characterized by a folding and trafficking defect that prevents exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. We previously reported that ΔF508 CFTR can be recovered in a complex with Hsp90 and its co-chaperones as an on-pathway folding intermediate, suggesting that Δ508 CF disease arises due to a failure of the proteostasis network (PN), which manages protein folding and degradation in the cell. We have now examined the role of FK506-binding protein 8 (FKBP8), a component of the CFTR interactome, during the biogenesis of wild-type and ΔF508 CFTR. FKBP8 is a member of the peptidylprolyl isomerase family that mediates the cis/trans interconversion of peptidyl prolyl bonds. Our results suggest that FKBP8 is a key PN factor required at a post-Hsp90 step in CFTR biogenesis. In addition, changes in its expression level or alteration of its activity by a peptidylprolyl isomerase inhibitor alter CFTR stability and transport. We propose that CF is caused by the sequential failure of the prevailing PN pathway to stabilize ΔF508-CFTR for endoplasmic reticulum export, a pathway that can be therapeutically managed.


Few comprehensive studies of oral function have been conducted on adult populations. A "Longitudinal and Cross‐Sectional Study of Oral Health in Healthy Veterans" was activated at the VA Outpatient Clinic in Boston in 1969; it included general oral and dental examinations as well as tests of masticatory performance and the swallowing threshold. The current investigation involved 863 subjects from the "Dental Study" who had either their natural teeth or a fixed replacement for missing teeth. Masticatory performance as measured by the subject's ability to reduce a test portion of cut carrot by a mandatory number of chewing strokes remained constant for persons with complete or partially compromised natural dentition. Swallowing threshold performance as measured by the particle size acceptable for swallowing remained constant for persons with complete dentition. Tooth loss significantly decreased the swallowing threshold performance and increased the particle size which the subject was willing to swallow. Older subjects increased the number of chewing strokes and the time required for this test, an observation not related to performance as measured by final particle size. Only with compromised dentition, however, did this increased effort result in increased performance. The results of this study indicate the persistence of masticatory performance (fixed number of strokes per second) with age, and also indicate an age‐related and dentition‐related increase in the effort expended by the subject to prepare the test food for swallowing.


The design of the first compact AK Process Nuclear system in the United States was performed under the auspices of the Corps of Engineers. U. S. Army, Fort Belvoir, Va. Taking into account that there was virtually nothing on the shelf that could be used, and realizing that the feasibility of such a system first had to be established, demonstration models were built for the various subsystem components which were to eventually go into the complete system. The last and final turbine-compressor set tested as a backup unit for this program was the TCS 670-B. This paper reports the turbine performance obtained from this machine when tested in the Closed Cycle Test Facility (APCEF) at Fort Belvoir, Va.. in 1969. The compressor performance is not included.Copyright © 1971 by ASME


The expressions of causative,passive,give-and-take is common in Japanese.Plenty of research has been done,but little attention is paid to the correlations among them.This paper compares their similarities and differences as regards their syntactic and semantic properties in terms of governing,autonomy and benefit transfer,and analyzes their correlations and the conditions in which they transform into one another.


Abstract : An environmental control system consisting of Carbon Dioxide Scrubber Model DH-10 and Heat Exchange Model CCU-01 has previously been evaluated as suitable for installation in standard U.S. Navy two-lock aluminum recompression chambers. This report provides installation and operating guidelines and may be used as a basis for writing operating procedures for the two units. Manufacturer's instructions should be followed for installation. A method of measuring chamber carbon dioxide concentration, such as chemical detection tubes, must be used to determine when to change carbon dioxide absorbent canisters. For planning purposes, predicted canister durations for the scrubber under specified conditions of 3 occupants or less, 75 deg F (24 C) internal temperature, and no external ventilation or breathing apparatus overboard dump are 3.5 hours at 30 Feet of Sea Water (FSW), 1.5 hours at 60 FSW, and 1.0 hour at 165 FSW. The heat exchanger requires a minimum of 2 gallons per minute of water or water/propylene glycol mixture, chilled to a maximum temperature at the chamber ranging from 82 deg F (28 deg C) for an ambient air temperature of 86 deg F (30 deg C), to 36 deg F (2 deg C) for an ambient air temperature of 110 deg F (43 deg C), in order to keep the chamber internal temperature below 85 deg F (30 deg C).


The report gives results of an evaluation of the applicability of refinery control technologies to coal conversion. It is part of a comprehensive program for the environmental assessment of high-Btu gasification technology. Process/waste streams from coal gasification and liquefaction processes were characterized. Streams with refinery counterparts were identified. Toxicological and health effects data were also collected on waste stream constituents. Control technologies used in refineries to manage the identified streams were evaluated and their applicability to counterpart coal conversion streams was assessed. Study results indicate that, despite similarities between the refinery process/waste streams and their coal conversion counterparts, significant composition differences between the analogous streams would affect applicability and design of a control technology. Many refinery processes, which appear to have applicability to coal conversion process/waste streams, have not been tested for such applications. Additional testing would be necessary to generate data needed for a more accurate determination of their applicability.


Chemical composition, in vivo digestibilities by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and in vitro dry matter digestibilities of two forages, a commercial, pelleted ration, and four browse ra- tions were determined. The cell-wall content of the 7 rations ranged from 40.0 to 64.5 percent. The neutral-detergent procedure removed from 8.3 to 19.9 percent of the material reported as acid- detergent fiber when an intact sample was used for the latter analysis. The differences in the acid-de- tergent fiber values were reflected quantitatively in similar changes in the lignin and cutin recovery. Sequential analyses were necessary to estimate the hemicellulose content as the difference between the neutral-detergent and acid-detergent fiber. The in vivo cell-wall digestibility ranged from 17.9 to 58.0 percent and decreased curvilinearly as the lignin-cutin content of the acid-detergent fiber increased. The metabolic fecal dry matter excretion ranged from 20.5 to 14.0 digestible units. True in vitro dry matter digestibilities varied depending upon the inocula source and the processing of the residues. Av- erage in vitro digestibilities (as a percent of in vivo digestibilities) for the browses ranged from 93.0 ? 1.0 to 99.9 -+ 0.4 percent and for the two forages and the commercial diet from 98.5 ? 2.8 to 109.0 ? 6.8 percent. Inocula from a fistulated deer on an alfalfa diet and a free-ranging deer produced average browse digestibilities closest to the in vivo determinations (98.3 ? 0.7 and 99.9 -+ 0.4 percent). Cow inocula produced lower in vitro browse digestibilities (97.4 ? 1.5 percent) than observed in vivo. In vitro digestibilities of the two forages and the commercial diet were overestimated from 2.1 to 9.0 per- cent when using inocula from a fistulated deer and a Holstein cow and underestimated by 1.5 percent when using inocula from a free-ranging deer. A regression equation was developed for the conversion of apparent digestible dry matter to apparent digestible energy. Apparent protein digestibilities were a curvilinear function of dietary protein concentration due to the interaction of the true digestibility of dietary protein and the metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion. The true digestibility of dietary protein was approximately 95.7 - 8.3 with a metabolic fecal nitrogen excretion of 7.81 g N/kg dry matter intake. The apparent and true dry matter digestibility coefficients can be estimated for feeds consumed by white-tailed deer from the observed feed composition and the estimated digestibilities of the cell solubles and cell walls.


With the increasing prevalence and power of building IoT sensors and devices, there is a growing need for intuitive, accessible, and meaningful data visualization tools that are specific and tailored for building IoT. Existing tools that incorporate spatial contextualization are insulated to specific applications with predefined visualization goals. We present Vista, a front end tool, that presents dynamic data visualizations of building IoT data on an interface that allows for context and deeper evaluation of information. This framework proposes a method to transform any static building floor plan into a dynamic one with which one can create unique and intuitive data representations tailored to their own objectives. The modular design of this tool enables an authoring system flexible to heterogeneous data by separating the visual elements of the floor plan and the relevant data, enabling diverse visual presentations of various types of IoT information and inputs.


Drift shells of trapped particles starting from a single field line in the earth's magnetic field may become separated owing to an electric field. By using the formalism of the shell-splitting function, this separation is calculated for an arbitrary curl-free time-independent electric field satisfying E · B = 0, with no limitation on the particle's longitudinal excursion. The effect of nondipole field components is also taken into account to the lowest order.


In the event of a terrorist attack, a nuclear accident or an epidemic, our nation's children deserve the best medical countermeasures available. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has worked with other governmental agencies, academia and the private sector to encourage the development of drugs


In order to find out the occurrence status of main borers and leafrollers on apple in Longdong area,occurrence status of adults including Grapholita molesta,Cydia funebrana and Adoxophyes oranain were monitored using sex pheromones. The results as follows:Grapholita molesta,Cydia funebrana and Adoxophyes oranain were occurred in Longdong area. The pests occurred in Qingyang city were lighter,later,shorter and peak times less than Pingliang city.


Microscopic examination of Alberta coals shows that they are composed principally of materials derived from the woody parts of plants. Many woody structures are visible in thin sections and on polished and etched surfaces. Spores are present in the coals, but are relatively few in number. The resin content varies considerably, attaining a high proportion in the cannel coals of the Crowsnest Pass region in British Columbia, bordering the southwestern part of Alberta. The correlation of seams in the Alberta coal deposits on the basis of their microscopical characters has not yet proved to be feasible. A wide field is open here for palaeobotanical research on the nature and classification of the plant structures visible in these coals by means of the microscope. The investigation described here may be considered as being relatively only a beginning to further work that should be done in the study of the microscopical features of Alberta coals by the geologist, chemist and botanist.


Error propagation calculation using Monte Carlo method (MC) is applied to the heat transfer rate (Q) predicted by a hybrid model. This Q permitted us to evaluate an evaporator used in a vapour compression refrigeration system. A hybrid model reported in literature was used in order to obtain error propagation in the heat transfer rate prediction. This model used the temperatures, the mass flow rates and the enthalpies for the evaporator. The influence of each operation variable over the standard deviation of a heat transfer rate (sQ) was assessed.


The identification of non-taxonomic relationships is a task that is carried out with learning and the creation of ontologies. Also, the manual construction of ontologies for experts and knowledge engineers is a costly and slow task, which is why it is necessary to create automatic or semi-automatic algorithms that speed up the procedure. In this research we propose an algorithm for the extraction of non-taxonomic relationships in an ontology of Artificial Intelligence (AI), evaluated through a data mining technique: association rules, which has statistical measures that determine the probability of occurrence between the concepts and the related connector verb. The experimental results indicate that 72 % of the relationships obtained in the algorithm exist in the ontology of AI.


A nurse on the board of directors of Kansas State Nurses Association experienced a spiritual calling to be an antiabortion advocate during the Operation Rescue demonstrations at abortion clinics in Wichita, Kansas in July 1991. This mother of an adopted daughter who is infertile had attended a christian nursing conference in June. When the demonstrations began, as a closet prolifer, she prayed for God's intervention. An unmarried mother asked her to join the demonstrations against abortion. The nurse said that it was the unwed mother who guided her to Christ instead of her guiding the unwed mother as she had planned. She found justification for her stand in Isaiah 49 where Isaiah extols his calling to God and his development in the womb. She carried a sign proclaiming adoption to be the answer to abortion. She found compassion in her heart for women with unwanted pregnancies seeking abortion and their aborted infants. Since the experience in Wichita, she has continued to pray for women with unwanted pregnancies, physicians and nurses heading up abortion clinics, elected officials, and area churches. She has written letters tot he media and officials expressing her antiabortion views. She has begun volunteering at a crisis pregnancy center counseling women about health care needs, reproduction, and Jesus Christ. She does not see herself as a religious zealot, but as someone who leads others to repentance and obedience to God which, according to her, involves repealing abortion laws. She advocates meeting the medical, physical, emotional, spiritual, and material needs of women with unplanned pregnancies such as nurses befriending such women. She calls for other closet prolifers to become involved by praying and interceding, becoming informed by contracting prolife groups, spreading the word, voting for prolife candidates, and educating local media and elected officials.


A study of the effect of phenyl-substitution on the rate of reaction and products produced in the acetolysis of bicyclo[n,1,0]alkyl chlorides provides evidence for three different modes of ring-opening in the transformation of the cyclopropyl to allyl system.


Acromegaly is a neuroendocrine disease with diverse clinical manifestations that develop over a long period. In the process of examining a patient, it may be necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis of acromegaly with various syndromes and conditions, including such a rare disease as pachydermoperiostosis. Features of the clinical presentation and diagnosis are given in the description of a clinical case from our practice.


Searching for a whereabouts on a darkened nightclub stage, the voice of Laurie Anderson casts us deep into the precarious loneliness and awkwardness of postmodem space. It is here that saying "hello" sounds life -threatening, that initiating conversation can seem at once natural and mindlessly flippant, while disintegrating into a number of confusing tonalities and gestures bordering on nightmare. A postmodern United States. Which is to say, a postmodern unification and minimalization of experiential states, a voyage into those common experiences within which the reduction of meaning and neutralization of apprehension betrays uneasy polyvalences. Call it the exacerbation of deadpan.


With the government's increasing marketing regulation for real estate and tightening monetary policy, the risk of local government financing platform is increasingly prominent. This paper makes a quantitative analysis for the risk of local government financing platform based on GA-PSO mixed planning algorithm, on the condition that the risk has been qualitatively proved in the educational circles. In this paper, firstly status and cause of risk for the platform, and then GA-PSO mixed planning algorithm is introduced for quantitatively analyses of current situation of the local government financing platform over the country. At last, by analyzing the results, the conclusion is made that the risk of local government financing platform is quite high and measures should be taken immediately for prevention and governance1.


This article explores documentary evidence of floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400–1800). The survey shows that two subperiods can be considered as floo ...


Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea. Over the last decade, from 1996 to 2012, changes in the virulence antigen properties of ETEC such as heat labile (LT) and heat stable (ST) toxins, colonization factors (CFs), and 'O'-serogroups have been observed. The aim of this prospective study was to compare changes in antigenic profiles of ETEC strains isolated from a 2% surveillance system at the icddr,b hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh between 2007–2012 and an earlier time period of 1996–1998 conducted at the same surveillance site. Methodology In the surveillance system every 50th patient attending the hospital was screened for major enteric pathogens including ETEC, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. from January 2007 to December 2012. Principal Findings Of the 15,152 diarrheal specimens tested between 2007–2012, the overall rate of ETEC isolation was 11%; of these, 43% were LT/ST, 27% LT and 30% ST positive. Isolation rate of ST-ETEC (p<0.009) and LT/ST ETEC (p<0.011) during 2007–2012 period differed significantly compared to those seen between 1996–1998. In comparison to the 1996–1998 period, difference in CF profile of ETEC isolates during 2007–2012 was observed particularly for strains expressing CS7 (12.4%), CS14 (9.5%) and CS17 (10.0%). The predominant CF types were CS5+CS6, CFA/I, CS7, CS17, CS1+CS3, CS6 and CS14. The most common serogroups among the CF positive ETEC isolates were O115, O114, O6, O25 and O8. A strong association was found between CFs and 'O' serogroups i.e. between CS5+CS6 and (O115 and O126); CS7 and (O114), CFA/I and (O78 and O126), CS17 and (O8 and O167) and CS1/CS2+CS3 and (O6). Conclusion The analyses show a shift in prevalence of antigenic types of ETEC over the study period; the information is important in designing effective ETEC vaccines with broad protective coverage.


Recently, we have shown the impossibility of perfect lensing with left-handed material slabs, gue to the divergence of the wavefield norm, and hence to the infinite enegy that would accumulate the slab in order to build the stationary state.


Comparing the quantities of corn borer eggs,damaged plants,and some animal species groups living in Bt maize and ordinary maize(Danyu 13).We came to the conclusion that Bt maize has better resistance to corn borers,which is enduring and steady.Besides,we found that the Bt maize has little or no effect on Non Lepidopterous and other animals. We suppose that Bt maize will do no harm to ecological enviroment of the field.


Marxist Theory is graded a first degree discipline on the ground of its quality of internal value rather than its external value as the means of tool.The social significance of this value quality lies in that Marxist theory represents the fundamental value position of human progress,that the basic principles of Marxism constitute the basic value principles of modern society,and that the methodology of Marxism provides a tool of general value for socialist scientific development outlook.The positioning of Marxist theory must be guided by the principle of the unity of science and revolution,the unit of academic property and practicality and the unit of theory and practice.


Voltage of a bus capacitor in a cascaded buck–boost power amplifier is controlled to shape current in an inductive load. Switch-mode converter and inverter output higher power with higher efficiency than linear amplifiers. However, controlling current in the inductive load with low damping is not straightforward due to its inherent instability. Voltage-mode control of a front-end buck converter adjusts the envelope of the load current through a downstream resonant boost inverter and stabilizes the system. The resonant boost inverter is modeled into a low-frequency equivalent circuit, and a control loop is designed to avoid interaction between the buck converter and resonant boost inverter. Experimental results proved that the buck converter with the voltage loop of which bandwidth and phase margin are 150 kHz and 67° shaped the envelope of load current into 10-kHz (23.5-kHz) sine wave when the average output power was 320 W (90 W). Instantaneous maximum power of the prototype circuit was 2.3 kW and estimated efficiency was 96%.


Deaccessioning and capitalisation are among the most controversial practices in museum manage-ment, and yet they still receive little attention in the extant literature. The debate on these practices is typically accompanied by polemics, as both practices assume the underlying concept of accounting museum collections as realisable assets. Reductions in public subsidies and increasing accountability for spending public funds is putting more pressure on museums to gain a more market-facing orientation. In this context, both deaccessioning and capitalisation are becoming progressively more attractive as sources for the improvement of museum collections and organisational performance. This paper has an exploratory scope. Adopting a comparative approach, we review the state of the art in deaccessioning and capitalisation regulations of public museum collections in a sample of selected countries (Australia, France, UK


As one of the major components of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering follows the principles of cell transplantation, materials science, and engineering toward the development of biologic substitutes that can restore and maintain normal function. Tissue engineering strategies generally fall


This paper applies the metafrontier function to measure the cost efficiency of 32 logistics listed companies from 2000 to 2009,and studies the convergence trend and direction of cost efficiency of logistics listed companies by panel β-convergence and σ-convergence and PAM model.The results show that the cost efficiency of logistics listed companies in the latest decade have a convergence trend which reflects the degradation of efficiency level.Domestic logistics market openness results in the convergence of the cost efficiency level of logistics listed companies to efficiency frontier.


The root mean square fluctuation of the number of photons emitted from the output screen of a cascade image intensifier is calculated. It is shown that the percentage fluctuation exceeds that of the primary photoelectrons by a small factor depending on the light gain per stage.


In one way or another, all of the parameters by which we describe the Galaxy involve the distance scale. This is true not only of the larger aspects of the Galaxy but also of the local galactic parameters such as the density gradient, the distribution of stars, the numerical values of the rotational constants, and so forth. One of the parameters of great importance in the description of the Galaxy is the distance to the galactic center. In Table I are exhibited a number of recent determinations of this quantity. We often see the mean of the two most recent values shown, 8.16 and 8.26 kpc, quoted as the best value available at the present time. In his determination of the value 8.16, Baade examined a group of 36 RR Lyrae variables in a clear region in the immediate vicinity of the globular cluster NGC 6522. He derived the


We demonstrate the first microfluidic evanescent dye laser which is based on a solid distributed feedback (DFB) cavity and exhibits a pure single mode lasing emission. The laser is composed of a solid second order circular grating DFB cavity and a PDMS chamber filled with dye solution. The thin layer of dye solution served as the liquid cladding covering the whole surface of solid DFB cavity. The evanescent gain is contributed by the interaction between the evanescent tail of the guided wave with the dye solution under optical pumping. As most of the guided mode is located inside the solid waveguide, the guided mode and lasing wavelength selection are primarily determined by the property of the solid DFB cavity. Hence a relatively loose requirement of the refractive index of the dye solution is expected for supporting single mode lasing operation, in comparison with liquid core dye lasers [1].


X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted to determine the hydrate structures formed from a mixture of CH4 and C2H6 gases at 263 K. With increasing initial fractions of C2H6 in the gas, the crystal structures of the hydrate were structure I, structure I + structure II, structure II, structure I + structure II, and structure I. In situ observations of the growth processes of the mixed gas hydrates under constant gas concentration suggest that the coexistence of structure I and structure II hydrate were caused by occurrences of metastable hydrate structure. PACS No.: 82.75Fq


Biological life has greatly influenced a vast variety of products including actuators, sensors and robots. What should we be learning from biological life? BioRobotics focuses on learning from the underlying design strategy of biological systems as well as learning from the exquisite geometry and movement themselves because both are important in making artificial systems that function like living creatures. An overview on the various ongoing researches in the Keio BioRobotics lab will be discussed. First, actuators and sensors imitating the geometry and movement of actual living creatures will be introduced, such as the design of Ring-type ultrasonic motors imitating the locomotion of soft-bodied creatures that utilize a traveling wave within its body. For the research on sensors, a method will be shown in which we were able to find out that ridges and papillae of human fingers enlarge sensitivity of mechanoreceptors by analyzing contact problems between a finger pad and an object using the finite element method. Designs of artificial tactile sensors imitating the human finger will also be introduced. Second, an introduction on examples of robots imitating the design strategy of living creatures will follow. One is a research focusing on an evolutionary bottom-up design of geometry and movement. Locomotion of earthworms, caterpillars and inchworms was generated using genetic algorithms showing that stiffness and the environment are important in generating specific locomotion patterns through evolution. The optimum motion and morphology of moving robots and manipulators are designed using evolutionary computation including genetic algorithms and genetic programming. Another interesting research is a hierarchical control design strategy of grasping and manipulation. Manipulation was successfully conducted using the layered control scheme imitating the upper and lower layers of feedback loops of humans. Keywordsbio-mimetics; actuators; sensors; robots; design


We introduce the concept of "identity theft," starting from an attempt to establish a definition, then reviewing common methods, both traditional and modern, used by identity theives. We review typical scams (including phishing) and other types of attacks, then conclude with some modest recommendations.


The present study provides information about the nature of adverse effects on fish and the ecological impact that the PAHs pollutant are having in the northern coast of Hormuz Strait. The glucose and cholesterol levels were higher in fish from the St3 than in Walton's mudskipper from other stations however St3 samples had lowest total proteins levels. There were a significant positive correlation between glucose and cholesterol with PAHs concentrations in sediment and tissue samples (P 0.05).Adverse correlation was seen between length and body weight of fish samples with PAHs concentrations. According to the results of this study the monitoring of contaminants bioaccumulation in the northern part of Hormuz Strait is necessary, because this will give an indication of the temporal and spatial extent of the process, as well as an assessment of the potential impact on aquatic organism's health.


The article presents an analysis China's digital economy's development and the latest achievements of China in this area. The digital economy already covers 30.6% of China's GDP. Without a doubt, the digital economy has become China's busiest area of   economic development in recent years. In 2017, it was first mentioned in a government report. They began to consider it as a new force that accelerated the growth and development of China's economic life. The very first results of the development of China's digital economy have shown the whole world the enormous potential and attractiveness of the irregular growth of science and technology. The digital economy is the modern development path of the global economy. It can not only increase economic productivity in undeveloped regions, but also, more importantly, give the people of these regions the most diverse opportunities for positive change. With digital communications, people from even the most remote areas can enjoy the same high-quality content as residents of large cities. The population of the undeveloped regions will be able to obtain the necessary information in the field of education, medicine, trade operations, etc., with a minimum cost, sell their agricultural products at higher prices. The digital economy provides opportunities to help the poorest. This is what inspires people in developing countries. Key words: mobile payments, cloud computing, network security, e-commerce.


Local domestic Kombucha was used in fermentation of 1.5 g L-1 of black tea (Indian tea, " Vitamin ", Horgos, Serbia and Montenegro), sweetened with approximately 70 g L'1 of sucrose. Inoculation was performed either with 10% or 15% (v/v) of fermentation broth from previous process. The fermentation was conducted in geometrically similar vessels with 0.4 L, 0.8 L, 4 L and 8 L of substrate, at 22±1 °C for 28 days. The samples were analyzed after 3, 4 5, 6, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days, so that their pH values, content of total acids sucrose, glucose and fructose contents, as well as contents of ethanol and vitamin C were determined. Based on the experiment design, the response surface for the product pH, as a function of time, beverage volume and inoculum concentration, was defined in the form of a second-order polynomial. From the obtained response surface, a formula for scaling-up of the process was derived.


Optical signal processing techniques employ a wide range of devices and various nonlinearities to achieve multiple network functionalities. The choice of nonlinearity can also impact the relative efficiency, both in terms of energy and material consumption, of the signal processing function being implemented. Techniques for some of the important functionalities, wavelength multicasting, wavelength-division multiplexing to time-division multiplexing, add-drop multiplexing, and wavelength exchange are compared in terms of the used optical spectrum, number of pumps required, and optical energy consumed. These include varieties of four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation, Kerr-effect-based polarization rotation in optical fibers, and three-wave mixing in lithium niobate waveguides (WGs). Future possibilities of greener optical signal processing using on-chip WG technologies are discussed within the scope of recent developments in the dispersion tailored, highly nonlinear WGs.


LMSfiltering canbeviewed assolving theWiener-Hopf equation iteratively using theRichardson's iteration with an identity matrix fora preconditioner. Theideal preconditioner inthissituation istheinverse ofthe autocorrelation matrix oftheinput signal. Thisiswhy LMSistheoptimal adaptive filter forwhite input signals. Insituations wheretheinput signal isnotwhite onecan improve theconvergence oftheadaptive filter by specifying afixed preconditioning matrix other thanthe identity matrix byusing approximate apriori knowledge about theinput signal's autocorrelation. This isthemain idea behind theCLMSalgorithm. Wedevelop methods to obtain suchpreconditioning matrices withdifferent structures that alsomakethealgorithm computationally efficient andtest these matrices forconvergence rateon AR-isignals.


Preface FOOD AND PEOPLE: Food and the Nation The Food People Eat Food and Nutrition WHY WE EAT: Economic Factors Influencing Food Choice Psychological Factors Influencing Food Choice Anthropological Factors Influencing Food Choice Sociological Factors Influencing Food Choice A Review of Our Current State of Knowledge PRESENTING FOOD: Researching the Food Consumer New Product Development Processing Index.


This paper dealt with a component test of train control and management system(TMS) developed for korean tilting train express(TTX). This system that is established on TTX monitors and controls action of various devices by running of the train. Also, to performance estimation of the TMS, it is essential to verify a composition and function of TMS. Therefore, this study reviewed standards related on a component test of the TMS and confirmed test items, test conditions and evaluation basis on a Component Test. Running Test of TTX can verify performance of TMS and communications with other devices and secure reliability of TMS.


I n February and July of each year since 1979, the Federal Reserve has provided a set of forecasts of the future state of the U.S. economy in the Monetary Policy Report to the Congress. While these forecasts have always been examined closely by the public, it is likely that the forecasts this February will be examined in even greater detail as markets struggle to determine when the cycle of quantitative easing will end and monetary policy (as well as the economy) will revert to normal.


Brazil is the fourth-largest country where pirated products are highly commercialized. As a result, the film industry, the overall economy and international relations suffer significant damage. Despite the importance of this issue, there are few empirical studies that examine how consumers decide to engage in this piracy. This research investigates whether ethical, legal, economic and behavioral factors are relevant in the consumer decision-making processes of purchasing pirated DVD films. The methodological approach adopted was quantitative, and the data were analyzed using a technical regression binary logistics model. The study was conducted with 205 Brazilian graduate students. The results suggest that economic and legal factors have the greatest influence in consumer decision-making processes. The results also demonstrated that factors such as considering piracy as illegal, perceiving the original DVD price as fair, and having access to information on the consequences of piracy diminish the intent to engage in DVD piracy.


Substantiation of the modern phenomenon of «opposition», its forms, types of manifestation and functioning is an important theoretical and methodological problem, the solution of which is necessary not only and not so much political science as political practice.The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the need to define political institutions, practices and processes that outline the parameters of efficiency and institutionalization of the political opposition in the political and legal context in its theoretical justification and measurement.Political science in the context of political opposition has become much more heterogeneous since the 90s of the twentieth century, because it was at this time that it began to focus on the phenomenon under study analytically, comparatively and on the example of a growing number of cases.In the context of the Visegrad countries, this was especially relevant, because, on the one hand, they have now acquired the format of the process and inter-institutional relations, which has expanded understanding of the nature and types, forms and indicators, and the general structure of political opposition, including at the expense of the Visegrad countries. This course of events has also played a huge role in the development of regional studies on the political opposition, even though they are still relatively underrepresented and unsystematized. The fact is that the fact of democratization of the region was a kind of divide between studies of the proto-opposition (including resistance, dissent and socio-political movements and organizations) or political opposition (including systemic, especially parliamentary and anti-systemic) in conditions, respectively, autocratic and democratic political regimes.It should be noted that a similar situation, especially against the background of Western political science, is typical of Ukrainian political science, in which the issue of political opposition is still mainly theoretical and descriptive, but very little analytical and comparative, and therefore not multifaceted. In view of this, it is justified that further progress should be made on the understanding, structuring and typology of the political opposition, both theoretically and methodologically and practically empirically.


Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the 40 most commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal materials in clinics. It is effective in activating blood circulation, removing blood stasis, relieving pain through the meridian, clearing the heart and removing irritations, and cooling blood and eliminating blemishes. Each main production area has developed a unique production method and processing technology, in accordance with local conditions. The processed products included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia are purified and wine-fried S. miltiorrhiza. In addition, the Chinese province's standards include the vinegar-fried and wine-fried types. S. miltiorrhiza is produced in more areas and is more extensively processed, with large variations in specifications. The challenge in establishing a uniform quality standard affects the clinical application of decoction pieces. This review has explored the books of the past dynasties, summarized the relevant literature published in the past three decades, discussed the processing methods of S. miltiorrhiza, and provided a basis for further research on the processing method of the original sample. In particular, we integrate fresh cut processing as the starting point for in-depth research, discuss the processing technology specifications, and formulate quality product standards.


Domestic pharmaceutical industry has been identified by the Malaysian government as an industry to be developed under its 11th economic development plan. Most homegrown pharmaceutical companies fall under the category of small and medium enterprises (SME) and therefore need to be highly efficient in their operations to compete with the multinationals. Though lean manufacturing is a well-known methodology to achieve an efficient operation, only a small percentage of the local SMEs implement it. The study aims to determine the real success factors in lean implementation through systematic review of relevant literature on lean manufacturing implementation in local companies, onsite observation of a selected SME company, Global Factor Sdn. Bhd. (GFSB), that successfully implemented lean manufacturing followed by actual implementation of lean project at IKOP Sdn. Bhd., a small startup pharmaceutical company. Lean tools like Gemba, value stream map (VSM) and spaghetti diagram were used to analyze and improve a process at IKOP Sdn. Bhd. The literature review showed that the implementation of lean manufacturing at Malaysian SMEs involved in pharmaceutical industry is at its infancy. Study at GFSB indicated that successful implementation of lean manufacturing stems from management support, employee's commitment, government support and knowledge on lean among employees. Application of lean tools in IKOP Sdn. Bhd. to improve the process cycle efficiency of hand sanitizer, i-Hand 4.0, has shown that the GMP guidelines are not jeopardized. The Kaizen improvement project resulted in 46.3% reduction in lead time. It may be concluded that implementing lean manufacturing in any small local startup pharmaceutical company is beneficial in reducing operational costs and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness and does not conflict with the existing GMP guidelines.


In this paper, the solution of differential algebraic equations (DAES) is obtained using neural networks. The goal is to obtain accurate solution with reduced calculus effort by comparing the solution of the DAES obtained from Pade approximation and neural network method, the solution of DAE system is computed by feedforward neural network (FFNN). The solution of the neural network approach to this problem is very close to the exact solution. An illustrative numerical method is presented for the proposed method.


Logic programming has been widely applied in mechanical theorem proving,relational database system, modularized programming and non-monotone reasoning.This paper is the continuation of reference[8].Two faults on →-completion and→-completion in reference[7]are found by examples.Then the fixedpoints of the consequence op- erator and Fitting's operator are presented,which characterize the semantics on→-completion and→-completion.


ABSTRACT Amid this global landscape for education and policy, this paper focuses on the subject of teacher quality through the lens of teacher education reform and one particular Australian policy initiative: The Literacy and Numeracy Test for Initial Teacher Education (LANTITE). Introduced by the federal Australian government in 2016 as a gate-keeping mechanism for students entering teacher education, we apply a four-dimensional framework to analyse LANTITE's role as a reform measure aimed at improving teacher education, and its impact on shaping understandings of 'teacher quality' and 'quality teacher education' in relation to the broader field.


In the presented paper, a direct method for evaluating the temperature-dependant values of the rotor and stator resistances is presented. The method is based on the evaluation of the instant powers dissipated within these two resistances using the equation of the power balance. Moreover, the way of evaluating accurately the instant values of the rotor current is indicated. Finally, the average temperature of the windings and the values of the resistances are calculated.


Scarf's max-min order formula for the risk-neutral and ambiguity-averse newsvendor problem is a classical result in the field of inventory management. In this article, we extend Scarf's formula by deriving an analogous closed-form order formula for the risk - and ambiguity - averse newsvendor problem. Specifically, we provide and analyze the newsvendor order quantity that maximizes the worst-case expected profit versus risk trade-off (risk-averse) when only the mean and standard deviation of the product's demand distribution are known (ambiguity-averse), and the risk is measured by the standard deviation of the newsvendor's profit. We provide both analytical and numerical results to illustrate the combined effect of considering risk aversion and ambiguity aversion in computing the newsvendor order.


Aim

We determine whether trait-driven diversification yields similar body size distributions for snakes in local, regional and phylogenetic assemblages.

Location

United States, North America.

Methods

Using total length and mass, we examine body size frequency distributions (BSFD) across 79 sites and respective biomes to determine if these areas represent random subsamples from the source pools of taxon body sizes. Using QuaSSE, we determine if the most probable model of trait-driven diversification in the three most common groups of snakes in North America, the ratsnakes, pitvipers and watersnakes, is similar to the predicted regional BSFD.

Results

BSFD of snakes at the community, biome, regional and clade scales show symmetric distributions of body size. These patterns may simply be generated from random statistical subsampling. Speciation rates are not highest at or near the modal body size and simulations show that linear trait-driven models can still yield highly symmetric distributions of body size.

Main conclusions

In this study region, processes such as competition due to size do not alter BSFD from one scale to the other. It is likely that rates of speciation are not highest at the mode in snakes and trait-driven diversification is not likely to account for a regional pool of body sizes from which local communities are drawn, although persistence of modal body sizes through time could yield regional BSFD.


A 3-year-10-month-old female neutered Dachshund was presented for investigation of acute onset paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intervertebral disc extrusion, therefore a dorsal he...


This paper addresses system identification and vibration control of a cantilever fabricated from piezoelectric materials, PZT, and shows how system identification and state estimation can be used to achieve self-maintenance of a self-sensing system. Currently, self-sensing systems that have concurrent actuation and sensing can be made by using a bridge circuit. However, hardware tuning is still needed due to the unstable nature of an imbalanced bridge circuit. This problem becomes serious in the space environment where human beings may not be available to perform the maintenance. A method of achieving self-sensing without a bridge circuit is proposed in this paper. Dynamics of this proposed system can be described as the state space expression with a direct transmission component. This means that the problem of balancing the bridge circuit is equivalent to the system identification and state estimation problem. By performing a simple experiment, a model of the system was identified using the 4SID, SubSpace State Space Identification method. Observer theory can be used to estimate state vectors which include information about the mechanical dynamics. Thus, system stability depends on the estimated values of the state vectors. The system can be stabilized using a state feedback controller such as a LQ controller. The proposed method was verified with experimental results, demonstrating that smart structures can achieve self-maintenance.


The magnetic and structural parameters of a number of pseudobinary rare earth and transition metal compounds are reported. These all belong to the cubic Laves phase C15 structure and have the general formula R(Fe, Co)2 and R(Co, Ni)2 where R includes Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er. The magnetic behaviour suggests that the magnitudes of the rare earth and transition metal ionic moments change rapidly at compositions to the nickel side of the pure RCo2 compound. It is suggested that these changes are interdependent and the final values are given by a bootstrap process which depends upon the initial rare earth moment and the detailed structure of the 3d-electron band in these materials.


1. Forty-eight children, who were long-term hospital patients, were investigated to assess their leucocyte ascorbic acid status. 2. Twenty-nine children had been receiving long-term anticonvulsant therapy, and these children did not have a significantly lower level of ascorbic acid than the untreated group, which did not have epilepsy. 3. The ascorbic acid levels of all subjects were low and seventeen had levels between 7·3 and 16·0 μg/108 white blood cells.


a INFN Laboratori Nazionali Frascati, via E. Fermi 40, CP 13, 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy b Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, email@example.com c Physical-Technical Institute of Ural Branch of RAS, Kirova str. 132, Izhevsk 426000, Russia d National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute', 1 Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia e European Commission, Joint Research Centre, JRC-Geel, Retieseweg, 111 Geel, Belgium f Instytut Fizyki, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Cracow, Poland g RICMASS Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes, Via Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy * Corresponding author Email: email@example.com; Tel.:+39.06.9403. 2218. email@example.com


Particles with dimensions smaller than the wavelength of visible light are essential in many fields. As particle size and composition greatly influence particle function, fast and accurate characterisation of these properties is important. Traditional approaches use the Brownian motion of the particles to deduce their size, and therefore requires to observe the particles for many consecutive time-steps. In addition, such techniques can only be applied in environments with known viscosity, hindering characterization in complex environments.

In this work, we demonstrate characterisation of subwavelength particle size and refractive index surpassing that of traditional methods using two orders of magnitude fewer observations of each particle, with no reference to particle motion. This opens up the possibility to characterise and temporally resolve the properties of subwavelength particles in complex environments where the relation between particle dynamics and size is unknown.


Ora Lee Williams was on relief. She had six children and in 1958 she went to the Walker-Thomas Furniture Company to purchase some draperies. They presented the draperies to her and had her sign a piece of paper. At the top of the piece of paper it said, "Lease." The fraudulent language on that piece of paper read as follows: "If I am now indebted to the company on any prior leases, bills or accounts, it is agreed that the amount of each periodic installment to be made by me to the company under this present lease shall be inclusive of and not in addition to the amount of each installment payment to be made by me under such prior leases, bill, or accounts, and all payments now and hereafter made by me shall be credited pro rata on all outstanding leases, bills, and accounts carried by me at such time payment was made." Ora Lee Williams paid for the drapes her balance was down to about $3.00 and a salesman suggested there were many things at Walker-Thomas Furniture that she wanted to buy. He helped her fill in some more forms, some of them in blank. She had a sixth grade education in a southern school and was just barely literate. This chain of purchases went on until 1962 when the salesman showed up and sold her a stereo set for $514. The name of her social worker was listed on the reverse side of the list because that was the person who was to be called in case she got behind in her payments. Her monthly income was $258 for herself and her six children. William and Ruth Thorne, in 1958, went to Walker-Thomas Furniture Company. They did as Ora Lee Williams had done, engaged in a series of purchases under the same lease contract. Among the items purchased or rather leased by them was a used refrigerator for $305, and they entered into a total of fourteen transactions. According to the Walker-Thomas Company, because their balance was never completely paid up, none of the items they purchased were ever paid for, and the title to all of these remained in the company. In 1962, Ora Lee Williams and the Thornes became delinquent in their payments. The company went to the General Sessions Court, procured a writ of replevin seizing everything from Ora Lee Williams and from the Thornes that they had ever purchased there. The Marshal seized from Ora Lee Williams one wallet, two pairs of draperies, one apron set, one pot holder set, one set of rugs, another pair of draperies, two pairs of curtains, two gun and holster sets I


Three autosomal trisomies are known to be associated with well defined clinical syndromes. They are mongolism with 21 trisomy [lo], 13-15 trisomy [12] and 17-18 trisomy [3]. An extra autosome among the chromosomes of the 6-12 group in all cells of the body seems in most instances to be lethal and has hitherto, except in spontaneous abortions [2, 221, only been reported in a mentally retarded girl with multiple anomalies [7]. However, chromosome studies were made only on peripheral blood cells. Normal/6-12 trisomy mosaicism, on the other hand, i.e. the presence of a certain proportion of normal cells together with cells with 47 chromosomes, seems to have less drastic effects. To our knowledge 6 such cases of possible mosaic trisomy for a 6-12 autosome have been reported [a, 6, 13, 17, 19, 20, 211. Furthermore, a premature non-viable infant has been reported [HI, who possessed two abnormal stemlines, one with an additional small chromosome and another with an additional autosome in group 6-12. We have observed a further case of mosaic trisomy for one of the autosomes in the 6-12 group 44 67287 1 Acta Pzdiat Scand 56 in a mentally retarded boy with multiple anomalies, including agenesis of the corpus callosum.