Establishing good governance in developing countries is demanded by the International Donor Agencies as a prerequisite for aid assistance. To comply with this, the government of Bangladesh, like other governments of developing countries, is trying to develop participatory local government to support overall good governance. Research studies have asserted that, although rural people in Bangladesh are participating in development programs through their elected representatives, this participation has not been effective in ensuring good governance. Considering this background, literature relating to good governance through people's participation has been reviewed, and it is found that while the government of Bangladesh is pursuing democracy centrally, locally it is practising autocracy.


The breakdown model has led to an irresolveable theoretical ant empirical stalemate in the literature of community-wide disaster. This paper attempts to move beyond the present debate toward an empirically grounded reconceptualization. The case study employee for this purpose is the collapse of the Teton Dam which occurred in the United States in 1976. In-depth interviews and archival male-rials are used to reconstruct, from the perspective of disaster victims, the typical (successful) and the atypical (unsuccessful) recovery patterns of three years. Both patterns are explainable by reference to social processes, i.e., to collective arrangement; created for distributing human and material resources used for the rebuilding effort. An inductively derived interpretive schema emphasizing the interconnecting linkages between disaster recovery, social resources and social relations is recommended. Three types of social relations—primary, institutional and ex-change—are identified as points of access into networks—primary, public welfare and private market—which control various types and amounts of needed resources. The organizational structure, the operational logic and the philosophy of relief associated with each network determines the distributional arrangements and consequently, the recovery patterns of disaster victims. Importantly, the distributive arrangement has a dual structure which reflects its local or extra-local pre-disastcr status. The expected utility of this interpretive schema is two-fold. It provides a more adequate understanding of the recovery experience compared to the breakdown model and it redirects research attention to previously unexplored or underexplored areas.


Image pre-processing is the name for operations on images at the lowest level of abstraction whose aim is an improvement of the image data that suppress undesired distortions or enhances some image features important for further processing. It does not increase image information content. Image pre-processing tool, created in Matlab, realizes many brightness transformations and local pre-processing methods. The proposed solutions focus on applying Neural Network Algorithm model for character recognition. The primary function of which is to retrieve in a character stored in memory, when an incomplete or noisy version of that character is presented. The idea is to create a theoretical and practical basis of preprocessing for character recognition using forward-feed neural networks. The Feed Forward Algorithm gives insight into the enter workings of a neural network; followed by the Back Propagation Algorithm which compromises Training and Testing.


Star complexes are the highest level groupings in the hierarchy of the embedded young stars, clusters and associations, which obey the size - age relation. Starburst clumps, superassociations, supergiant HII regions are different titles for the groupings of the same size as complexes but with active star formation over all the grouping. The coherent star formation in the regions of violent star formation was probably triggered by external pressure. The issue of gravitational boundness of complexes and superassociations is briefly discussed


Co-chaired by the incoming Chair of the Maria Durán Committee, Prof Dedee Murrell (Sydney, Australia), fellow member of the Committee and former president of the Women's Dermatologic Society, Dr Sandy Read (Washington, DC) and 2006 Maria Durán Lecturer, Prof Fenella Wojnarowska (Oxford, UK), the session had an impressive lineup of speakers. The session was opened by incoming Secretary-General of the ISD and former Maria Durán Chair, Dr Evangeline Handog (Manila, Philippines) who gave a short history of the origins and purpose of the Maria Durán Committee. Inaugural Maria Durán Chair, Dr Jean Bologna (Yale Univ, USA) introduced the 2009 Maria Durán Lecturer, Professor Rafael Falabella (Cali, Colombia), who gave the most moving presentation of the session, an invited biography of the life and achievements of Dr Maria Durán. A copy of this presentation is available on the ISD website. The life story of a trail-blazing, dependable and inspiring female leader in international dermatology unfolded with the tragic ending of a productive life cut short in its prime. There were few without a tear in their eyes. This speech prompted ISD President, Prof Torello M. Lotti, to give an impromptu thank you to Prof Falabella along with his own memories of Maria Durán attending a meeting in Italy with him when she fell ill and had to go home early, 3 months prior to her death. The effect of the description of the woman after whom this Committee was named was aptly summarized by the first of the four Maria Durán fellows, Dr Marieke Bolling (Maria Durán Fellow 2006; Groningen, the Netherlands) who said that she was 'humbled and yet now ambitious' and proceeded to deliver an excellent presentation about a connection between the skin and the heart, in a unique case of EB simplex with muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy, caused by plectin defects. Dr Michelle Manuel (MD Fellow 2007, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM), Manila) gave another moving presentation entitled ''Psoriasis, Madonna and child'' with a focus on the emotional effects of having psoriasis and about the value of patient support groups; Dr Rashmi Sarkar (MD Fellow 2008, Chandigarh, India) presented a randomized trial she had completed on the use of priming agents to reduce side effects of glycolic peels for melasma; lastly, Dr Dulch Galang (MD fellow 2009, RITM, Philippines) was presented with her certificate and she gave a presentation on the combination of leprosy and lupus erythematosus in a young lady.


The random noise of micromachined quartz rate-sensor can affect the system precision.Normal digital filter method such as low-pass filter can causes evident delay and decreases the phase margin.And it can't work on the noises under the cut-off frequency.Based on the building of the time sequence model of MEMS gyro drift data,the MEMS gyro drift data is processed using Kalman filter.The simulation results show that the algorithm is effective.


We read with great interest the review article entitled "Zika virus and the never-ending story of emerging pathogens and transfusion medicine" by Marano et al. 1 This paper reviews data about Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) with a special focus on its potential impact on blood transfusion. We would like to add complementary data to this manuscript about the spread of ZIKV, complications of Zika fever, and prevention of transfusion-transmitted Zika fever by nucleic acid testing (NAT) and pathogen inactivation (PI) in the setting of co-circulation of arboviruses.


SIR, — Canine benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) can affect up to 80 per cent of intact male dogs aged six years and over. Clinical signs include prostatic enlargement, leading to tenesmus and haematuria. Traditionally, this condition has been treated by castration or parenteral injection of anti-


Phaeohyphomycosis is caused by dematiaceous (pigmented) fungi which contain melanin in their cell walls and grows in tissues in the form of dark‐walled septate mycelium. This mycelial tissue morphology differentiates phaeohyphomycosis from other types of dematiaceous fungi where the tissue morphology of the organism is either a grain, as in mycotic mycetoma, or a sclerotic body, as in chromoblastomycosis.[1] Melanin acts as a virulence factor in these fungi by inhibiting phagocytosis. These saprophytic organisms are widespread in the environment, and are found in soil, wood, and decomposing vegetation and commonly infect humans through traumatic inoculation. They commonly present as solitary subcutaneous cyst or abscess usually sparing the overlying skin.[2] Disseminated infections occur in immunocompromised, involving the paranasal sinuses, eyes, central nervous system, lymph nodes, and bone. Multiple cases of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis involving the leg, foot, toes, arm, hand, wrist, waist, or the buttock have been reported from India.[3] However, ulcerative and destructive phaeohyphomycosis with the involvement of face is extremely rare, Address for correspondence: Dr. Anwita Sinha, Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Kirkee, Pune, Maharashtra, India. E‐mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Abstract The Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service (A ES) Long‐ Range Transport (LRT) model has been used in the Canada‐United States Memorandum of Intent programme to compute transfer matrices in order to quantify the source‐receptor relationships between emission regions and selected receptor sites. Four‐day backward trajectories were computed from the selected sites for the year 1978 and were started from the 925‐mb level(∼600 m). The Lagrangian concentration / deposition model computed sulphur concentrations and depositions for 9 receptor sites using an emissions inventory divided into 15 Canadian and25 United States emission regions. The 40×9 source‐receptor matrices show that the greatest impact on a receptor site usually results from an emission region close to the site although the regions giving the greatest impact for air concentration and wet deposition are not necessarily identical. In addition, the matrices show the impacts of all the emission regions on all of the receptor sites ranked by...


Gene chip and proteomic analyses of tumors and stromal tissue has led to the identification of dozens of candidate tumor and host components potentially involved in tumor-stromal interactions, angiogenesis, and progression of invasive disease. In particular, matrix metalloproteases (MMP) have emerged as important biomarkers and prognostic factors for invasive and metastatic cancers. From an initial screen of benign versus malignant patient fluids, we delineated a metalloprotease cascade comprising MMP-14, MMP-9, and MMP-1 that culminates in activation of PAR1, a G protein-coupled protease-activated receptor up-regulated in diverse cancers. In xenograft models of advanced peritoneal ovarian cancer, PAR1-dependent angiogenesis, ascites formation, and metastasis were effectively inhibited by i.p. administration of cell-penetrating pepducins based on the intracellular loops of PAR1. These data provide an in vivo proof-of-concept that targeting the metalloprotease-PAR1 signaling system may be a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of ovarian cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(9):2746–57]


Using the results of crossing number of complete bipartite graph cr(K_(5,n)) = Z(5,n)by Kleitman D J,the crossing numbers of the join graph of three specific 5-vertex graphs G_(12),G_(15),G_(18)with the paths P_n are given.In addition,an update to description of join graph of 5-vertex graphs with the paths is given too,whose crossing numbers are known.


Proposes an idea for the problem of how to rationally qualify the probability measure for a vague event in a vague sample space after a subject considers the event and the sample space, and clarifies the vagueness by use of his subjective judgment and fuzzy sets theory. The following points are studied: (1) the probability measure is calculated by use of the principle of complete ignorance and expressed as the measure with possibility; (2) the fuzzy random variable is defined and its possible and necessary probability distributions are derived from studies in Zadeh (1978); (3) the Bayes estimation method based on vague observation is studied; and (4) the consideration of the probability measure studied in the above paper is given based on the possibility/probability consistency principle.


From the traditional translation theory of being "faithful,communicative and elegant",which requires translators to follow the original work and its author strictly,to Walter Benjamin's "The Task of Translators",the subjectivity of translators has been discussed openly and widely.The theory of "textual subjectivity" advocated by Jacques Derrida and others shows clearly the spirit of postmodernism translation aesthetics.This paper will discuss the task of translators and their operating space in the literary translation from postmodernism perspective.


Africa could be on the brink of a major poliomyelitis epidemic after a child in Sudan's crisis ridden Dafur region was found to have been paralysed by the disease last month, World Health Organization officials warned on Tuesday.

It was the first confirmed case of polio, which mainly affects children under the age of five, …


Analytical parameter multi-objective design approach is extended to nonlinear systems applications through a combination with Controlled Lyapunov Function. The potential benefits of this combined approach are on two fronts. From the control perspective, the CLF guarantees the stability. From the performance perspective, the cost functions adopted from AMPOS will help to address multi-objectives, and the optimization process may lead to better design. A nonlinear benchmark problem is then used to demonstrate its effectiveness.


In evaluating students' EFL writing, lecturers nowadays can implement corrective evaluation by using an online automatic software. Grammarly is automated online software that is comonly used in EFL writing classes. It is an internet proofreading service that evaluates the correctness grammarl, spelling, punctuation, and vocabulary as well as detects plagiarism. This paper reports research aimed at exploring the use of Grammarly software for evaluating non-EFL students' writings. This research employed descriptive-qualitative method with students of ITB AAS Indonesia as the data sources. The results of analysis show that in correcting students' language errors, lecturers can evaluate and analyze in details without a lot of correcting efforts or improvements. Grammarly can be considered as a useful tool for lecturers who need to correct non-EFL students' writings. Grammarly will automatically check or detect the work being typed from various related aspects. Various writing errors made by the students were found in Grammarly's reports, both in the aspect of correctness and clarity. Correctness is concerned with the mechanical norms in writing, whereas clarity deals with concise and direct language use. The spelling errors found in students' writings are text inconsistencies, misspelled words, and improper formatting whereas for grammatical there are subject-verb disagreement, passive voice misuse, as well as unclear, wordy, and incomplete sentences. Meanwhile, the errors in punctuation are shown by inappropriate use of punctuation marks in compound/complex sentence, comma misuse within clauses, and improper formatting. It can be concluded that Grammarly can be an alternative for lecturers' in evaluating non-EFL students' writings.


Editor: A 67-year-old woman had been on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) for almost 9 years following bilateral nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Over the past 3 – 5 years, she has developed extensive metastases in lungs, abdomen, and possibly brain and has been treated with sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The patient went for a 3-week vacation and was stable. On her return, she developed a profuse leak of clear fluid around the exit site of the PD catheter. She did not complain of any pain or fever. On examination while she was lying flat and draining her effluent, a leak of clear fluid could be seen around the catheter at the exit site and there were large volumes of air bubbles in the effluent. On further questioning, she said that the leak and the presence of air in effluent appeared simultaneously. The patient had no signs of exit-site infection, no trauma, peritonitis, or any change in the effluent to suggest a perforation of any intra-abdominal viscera (bowel or bladder). There was no distension to indicate abnormal collection of air in the abdominal cavity. The PD catheter had been in place for almost 9 years and was cloudy and slightly deformed (Figure 1). We suspected that the explanation for the air seen bubbling in the catheter with the effluent was a leak through a hole in the catheter itself. Careful examination of the external part of the PD catheter did not reveal any tear or leak. In the absence of any other diagnosis, the patient was referred to the surgeon with a request to de-roof the subcutaneous part of the catheter and determine whether there was a leak from the part of the catheter below the skin. If this were the case, the surgeon could salvage the catheter by cutting out and replacing the damaged part with an extension. One gram of vancomycin was administered intraperitoneally a day before the procedure. During the operation, the surgeon indeed observed that, when the catheter was clamped proximal to the leak, fluid infused under pressure (Figure 2) leaked from the catheter. That particular part was dissected out, an extension was inserted (Peri-Patch Repair Kit; Quinton Instrument, Bothwell, Washington, USA), and the two ends were attached with a titanium connector held with 2-0 polypropylene sutures. Replacing the external portion of a damaged catheter makes a full catheter replacement unnecessary. After this procedure, dialysis was discontinued and then resumed after 24 hours without any technical problem. Figure 1 — Opaque peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter (upper) from the patient compared with a new PD catheter (lower).


More studies on population urbanization have been made in recent years.The study focusing on the connotation of the population urbanization turns from the increase of population ratio to the quality of the population urbanization.Therefore the standard of urban and rural division,the population urbanization,economic growth and the changes of industrial structure lead to the impact of urban population statistics caliber changes,the correction of the statistical data well as the renewal of its research methods,which reflect the population urbanization has a strong geographical feature.For this,the study on the regional population problems will be a new trend for the population urbanization.


The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of 21 st century skills on students' attitudes and perceptions towards Physics. The samples in this study consisted of 760 form four secondary students in Selangor. The instruments used were adapted from 21 st century skills that have been defined by enGauge 21 st Century Skills. The results showed that students' attitude towards Physics is at high level but students' perceptions on teaching and learning of Physics is at the moderate level. Pearson coefficient correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive and strong relationship of 21 st century skills on students' attitude towards Physics.


This article develops a set of summation formulas from the well known formula As a particular case, the development indicates a new method of establishing the sum of a factorial series.


The paper presents the results of development of the Optical-lnertial System for Railway Track Diagnostics. It is demonstrated that in order to implement the solution at a speed of up to 430 kmph (used for example in South Korean high-speed train HEMU-430X, standing for High-Speed Electric Multiple Unit 430 km/h experimental) while satisfying the accuracy of 0.1...0.5 mm during measurement of longitudinal level, cross level, twist, curvature, rail profile, etc., it is needed to combine the optical scanners of the inner profile of the rail line with the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) in a single block. Supplying of odometer and Global navigation satellite system receiver (GNSS) into the system structure allows to determine measurement point position. Thanks to our a priori knowledge of the semipermanent nature of the railway track, and also to the fusion of the odometer data and satellite navigation system reception equipment data, it is possible to use fiber-optic gyros as the sensitive units of the SINS (both open-loop and closed-loop configurations of FOG can be used). The distinctive feature of the system's algorithm is that it solves both the navigation/orientation task (i.e. it fuses odometer data, satellite navigation system data and inertial navigation system data), and the task of measuring the inner surface profile of the rail line. The use of a sole odometer to localize the found rail flaws does not provide satisfactory results because of its errors. Integration of the odometer, SINS and GNSS receiver data offers highly accurate referencing of diagnostic results to the traversed track coordinate. Odometer readings are updated using the navigation system data. The system provides measuring of the track geometry and accurate localization of the measurement point using the geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude) and orientation parameters (roll, pitch and course angle). The possibility of using SINS based on fiber-optic gyros (FOG) for railway applications is considered in the article. Some practical results are given.


The yeast mitochondrial chaperonin Hsp60 has previously been implicated in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transactions: it is found in mtDNA nucleoids associated with single-stranded DNA; it binds preferentially to the template strand of active mtDNA ori sequences in vitro; and wild-type (ρ+) mtDNA is unstable in hsp60 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants grown at the permissive temperature. Here we show that the mtDNA instability is caused by a defect in mtDNA transmission to daughter cells. Using high resolution, fluorescence deconvolution microscopy, we observe a striking alteration in the morphology of mtDNA nucleoids in ρ+ cells of an hsp60-t s mutant that suggests a defect in nucleoid division. We show that ρ− petite mtDNA consisting of active ori repeats is uniquely unstable in the hsp60-t s mutant. This instability of ori ρ− mtDNA requires transcription from the canonical promoter within the ori element. Our data suggest that the nucleoid dynamics underlying mtDNA transmission are regulated by the interaction between Hsp60 and mtDNA ori sequences.


From the perspectives of philosophy epistemology and theory of information intermediary, the formation of a receiver's cognition in the communication is a two-way construction through multimedium. Communication from an object to a subject means the information is changed, restructured and constructed through a series of intermediaries and is finally cognized by the subject when the information is matched with the subject's cognitive mode. Communication from a subject to an object means the information that was received by the subject changes inside the subject and in turn influences the relative intermediary through the subject's behavior and is conveyed to the object. It is the two-way information construction and interactive dynamic mechanism that decide the diversity and complexity of research on predictive mode of communication effect.


When evidence with a scientific basis is offered, two fundamental questions arise. First, should it be admitted? Second, if so, how should it be assessed? There are numerous participants who might play a role in deciding these questions—the jury (on the second question only), the parties (through counsel), expert witnesses on each side, the trial court, the forces controlling the judicial system (which include, but are not limited to, the appellate courts), and the scientific establishment. In this Article, I will suggest that together, the last two—the forces controlling the judicial system and the scientific establishment—have a large role to play in determining how statistically based evidence shall be explained to, and may be used by, the jury. For this purpose, the scientific establishment includes not only statistical experts but also legal academics with an expertise in problems of inference and proof; they should assist the judicial system in devising pattern instructions to help the jury avoid well-recognized pitfalls in handling statistical evidence in certain well-defined and recurrent circumstances. Trial courts should be required to give those instructions in the prescribed circumstances, and neither the parties (themselves or their counsel) nor their experts should be allowed to say anything at variance with those instructions. Our system with respect to scientifically based evidence is controlled to a large extent by the parties and their experts. The parties decide what experts to call, and the experts testify to the conclusions that can be drawn from the evidence. There are limitations, of course. The court must determine that the expert is sufficiently qualified to testify to an opinion on the given subject matter, and that the subject matter itself is sufficiently reputable, under Daubert or Frye or whatever standard is applicable in the jurisdiction. But these constraints give the parties a great deal of free rein, and once the evidence is admitted, the lawyers ordinarily have wide leeway in making arguments based on the evidence. That is usually all for the good, and indeed I believe that trial judges should ordinarily play less of a role than they do in filtering scientific evidence for the jury. In some cases, judges


2 Abstract: The purpose of this studywas: Initially to revealed the distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild and domestic birds in Al- Qadisiya province in Iraq, secondly to determinate genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analyze based on 18S rRNAsequences of Cryptosporidium which obtained from these birds. A total of 236 fecal specimens from six types of birds were screened microscopically to look for Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Cryptosporidium spp. in 32 microscopy-positive specimens were analyzed genetically through DNA extraction after that DNA was amplified and processed with the small-subunit 18S rRNA gene by using ordinary PCR and then producedDNA wasanalyze to determinate their sequences. Results showed Cryptosporidium oocysts were observed in 137(58.1%) specimens of birds' feces. They was 54.5% of the turkey, 57.5% of the domestic chickens, 53.8% of the broiler chickens, 62.5% of the common ducks, 76.7% of the quails and 26.7% of the feral pigeon. Sequencing andfurther phylogenetic analyses identified Cryptosporidiumparvum ()in all birds in our study, Cryptosporidium.baileyiobserved in domestic and broiler chickens, quail and feral pigeon ducks, Cryptosporidium. meleagridisisolated from turkey and quail, finally the species Cryptosporidium.gallionly recorded from domestic chickens.Because of a high infection percentages with cryptosporidiosis in domestic and wild birds species. So that we suggesting that our birdsin the present study would be considered as biological transporters of Cryptosporidium spp. contributing to environmentaldissemination with pathogens which infect human and other animals.


It is common to describe the end product of an actor's labour as 'an interpretation', but somehow the expression's serious, critical dimension is never fully intended. Only a scholar with his pipe and tweeds would seem to possess the appropriate gravity to render judicious overviews of this kind. When one wants to know what Hamlet is 'about', they naturally turn to heavily footnoted exegesis found in periodicals with circulations under a thousand. What could someone prancing before a number greater than this in a single evening, wearing grease paint and tights no less, possibly add to such an exalted investigation?


Based on the analysis of traditional wavelet speech denoise methods,a new wavelet denoie method is proposed,in which the ear masking property is used to design the shrink function.This method transforms the noisy speech into the wavelet spaces that reflect the ear hearing properties,then calculates the noise masking energies and adapts the factor in the shrink function,and then,the shrink function is used to process the noisy wavelet coefficients and,by inverse wavelet transforms,to gain the denoised speech.The experiments show that the better output NSR and PESQ of the enhanced speech could be gained by the proposed method.


Ion exchange is commonly used to strengthen oxide glasses. However, the resulting stuffed glasses usually do not reach the molar volume of as-melted glasses of similar composition—a phenomenon known as the network dilation anomaly. This behavior seriously limits the potential for the chemical strengthening of glasses and its origin remains one of the mysteries of glass science. Here, based on molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the effect of pressure-quenching on the network dilation anomaly in a sodium silicate glass. We show that the application of pressure during quenching results in permanently densified glasses that exhibit varying network topology/rigidity. In turn, the topology of the atomic network is found to control the extent of ion exchange-induced dilation. In particular, we demonstrate that optimally constrained (isostatic) glasses do not show any network dilation anomaly. This is found to arise from the combined absence of floppy modes of deformation and internal eigenstress in isostatic atomic networks. This demonstrates that finely tuning the rigidity of glass networks can enhance the effect of ion-exchange and, thereby, could lead to the design of stronger glasses.


To the Editor. —The pulsed neodymium YAG laser used within the human eye requires aiming and focusing techniques that differ from conventional laser photocoagulation. Specifically, the focal spot distorts when the laser enters the cornea through an eccentric portion or at an oblique angle; chromatic aberration causes separation between the helium neon focus and the neodymium YAG focus; and, finally, focusing the laser on a posterior capsule to spare a lens implant requires a critical attention to detail. To facilitate practice by the beginning laser surgeon, a model eye was built that mimics the important physical features of the eye. The model eye (Fig 1) is made of lucite with an artificial 45 diopter cornea of 0.5 mm. The eye is available with a clear posterior and side wall to facilitate studies of throughput energy and the laser breakdown zone. A holder (Fig 2) clamps to the slit-lamp headrest to


Configuration evaluation is a key technology to be considered in the design of multiple aircrafts formation (MAF) configurations with high dynamic properties in engineering applications. This paper deduces the relationship between relative velocity, dynamic safety distance and dynamic adjacent distance of formation members, then divides the formation states into collision-state and matching-state. Meanwhile, probability models are constructed based on the binary normal distribution of relative distance and relative velocity. Moreover, configuration evaluation strategies are studied by quantitatively analyzing the denseness and the basic capabilities according to the MAF collision-state probability and the MAF matching-state probability, respectively. The scale of MAF is grouped into 5 levels, and previous lattice-type structures are extended into four degrees by taking the relative velocities into account to instruct the configuration design under complex task conditions. Finally, hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation and outfield flight test results are presented to verify the feasibility of these evaluation strategies.


Aim:To investigate the clinical feature of bilateral renal calculus in infants who were fed with melamine-contaminated milk powder.Methods:The clinical data of 50 infants with bilateral renal calculus who had the history of feeding melamine-contaminated milk powder were retrospectively analyzed. All cases received ultrasound examination measuring size, number, shape and location of stone, and hydronephrosis and ureterectasia. Urine routine test and renal function were monitored. All children suffered from bilateral renal calculus were treated according to the treatment guideline from Chinese Ministry of Health. Results:The male and female ratio was 3.1:1. The incidence peak of bilateral renal calculus was found in the age of 6 months~18 months, which occurred in 58% of cases.Among these patients,bilateral renal calculus was found in 42 cases. The diameter of calculus ranged from 4 mm~10 mm in 66% infants. Multiple stones occurred in 18 cases, and single stone in 9 cases. Most of kidney stones appeared blocky-shaped. Urine routine tests showed that WBC was +~+++ in 7 cases and RBC was also +~+++ in 10 cases. The scope of urinary pH value was between 5.0 and 7.5, most of urine appeared weak acid. Renal function tests showed that 11 cases diagnosed as renal failure, whose stone diameters of bilateral kidneys were significantly bigger than others who appeared no renal failure (P0.05). Moreover, 17 hydronephrotic cases were found, of them 11 cases suffered from bilateral hydronephrosis, dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces in left kidney was (18.4±6.4) mm, and the right kidney was (15.0±5.8) mm. All cases accepted noninvasive treatment, and discharged after staying at the hospital treatment (8±1) days. The stone discharged in 21 cases during the hospitalization.Conclusion: The melamine calculus occurred most likely in infants at 6 months to 18 months after feeding melamine-contaminated milk powder. Ultrasound study was still the main methods to diagnose bilateral renal calculus of urinary stone in infants.Patients with calculus occurred in bilateral kidneys display a higher risk of impairment of renal function. Noninvasive management has shown a good treatment response.


Unevaluated theoretical contributions of recoil and retardation could well account for the recently quoted discrepancy between two determinations of the ratio $\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}}$.


In the present study, the relationship between increased homocysteine serum level (HHcy) and carotid atherosclerosis, was evaluated. Atherosclerotic plaques can involve supra-aortic trunk (SAT), especially common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA). Their disruption can cause thrombo-embolic mechanisms able to induce a reduced intracerebral perfusion, evolving in some intracerebral acute accidents, as amaurosis fugax, TIA, minor stroke or stable stroke. Therapeutically, vitamins-B supplementation may reduce carotid plaques-formation and their progression in patients with HHcy. Calcification and stabilization of these plaques can be obtained with statins-use. Carotid endarterectomy also reduces the incidence of cerebral acute events. But, previous large trials have demonstrate that vitamins-B supplementation is unable to prevent brain events in patients that already suffered of these (secondary prevention). In conclusion, several uncertaines exist too about the treatment of these patients and about the exact link existing among HHcy, carotid plaques and cerebral accidents.


Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and the one causing most deaths. One common treatment for breastcancer is chemotheraphy that is provided to cure, ...


Retinal image motion is elicited when a moving object crosses the visual field ('object motion'). However, even if the outside world is stationary there is continuous image flow on the retina when the animal moves about in the environment. This so-called optic flow is a rich source of information about the three-dimensional layout of the environment as well as the path and speed of locomotion (Dahmen forward translation the optic flow across both eyes is directed backwards with the apparent velocity of closer objects being larger than that of more distant ones. In contrast, during a pure rotation about the vertical body axis optic flow is directed backward across one eye, but forward across the other. In this situation, the retinal velocities are independent of the distance of objects to the animal. Given that animals may often rotate and translate simultaneously, the optic flow is likely to be much more complex in natural situations. Moreover, flying animals have six degrees of freedom, three of rotation, and three of translation, a feature that further increases the complexity of the optic flow as compared to that of animals moving on the ground. Amongst invertebrates, optic flow has been shown, primarily in insects and crustaceans, to be an important source of visual information. Because of the relative ease with which their nervous systems can be approached electrophysiologically and by imaging techniques, selected insect and crustacean species serve as model systems for analysing the mechanisms underlying the processing of visual motion. 399 10.2 VISUAL MOTION AND THE CONTROL OF BEHAVIOUR Visual motion has been shown to play an important role in behavioural control in a wide range of arthropod species (reviews: Collett et al. section summarises a selection of behavioural components that are guided by visual motion. The historically first analysed motion-driven behavioural response is optomotor following which appears to occur not only in arthropods, but in all mobile animals. An animal viewing a moving wide-field pattern tries to follow the pattern by movements of its eyes (if they are mobile as in crabs), its head, or its entire body. Wide-field pattern motion is believed to mimic deviations from an intended course as may be induced by an external disturbance or by internal asymmetries in the motor system. The resulting retinal movement forms the input of a velocity servo, which reduces the retinal slip by compensatory eye, head, or body rotations. As a consequence, …


Abstract Observations of children ranging from 24 to 59 months in day nurseries serving a 'high risk' population in London suggest that children who are isolated may not gain socially or emotionally from their placement. A group identified on the basis of observed behaviour to be withdrawn from both peers and adults were approached infrequently by other children, and spent more time unoccupied than sociable children. They experienced as much verbal and physical aggression as children who were themselves aggressive. There was no evidence that staff were able to give additional attention to withdrawn, unoccupied children.


The chairman, who would be referred to here by his initials read as NO, or Mr. No, to give him his deserved credit, was a very professional and brilliant man. Working with him provided one with a myriad of experiences that would otherwise take years to acquire, if at all. But at the same time, Mr. No was very rude and insulted everyone. He was also a very influential person who once put at least one person in jail when he got angry with him.


An examination of publishing in nineteenth century America pinpoints many of the problems faced by a country recently freed from colonial bonds and attempting to develop an indigenous culture. The problems faced are not only those of literacy rates, distribution of books and the nature of talented native authors. Cultural heritage, economic ties, political exigencies and legal traditions bind publishers in neo-colonial countries to the former mother country. A study of nineteenth century America illustrates the complexities and strength of the relation between developing and developed countries. An understanding of the difficulties faced by Americans trying to overcome intellectual dependence on British culture may help Third World countries cut to the heart of the problem more quickly than did the United States.


Dispersal of natural enemies is an important part of a biological pest-control programme. In augmentative biological control programmes, studies of dispersal are essential to determine the optimal number of release points per hectare. This study evaluated the kind of infestation that is most suitable for conducting these studies, and the dispersal of Trichogramma galloi in corn on eggs of Diatraea saccharalis. Corn plants with eggs laid directly by D. saccharalis moths showed higher rates of parasitism by T. galloi. The dispersal radii of T. galloi were 11.8 and 12.1 m in V6 (collar of sixth leaf visible) and V8 (collar of eighth leaf visible), respectively, and the dispersal areas were 176 and 187 m2 for the two corn phenological stages. Using these data, we determined that 58 and 54 release points are required per hectare to effect a homogeneous coverage of the release area by parasitoids on the corn phenological stages V6 and V8, respectively.


The mechanisms of heat transfer and heat generation in an electroslag process are considered and related to operating characteristics of the process. It is concluded that the form of heat transfer in the slag/mold wall region has a profound effect on the ingot surface. Also, it is noted that the presence of the slag layer has an over-all effect on the heat balance which accounts for the shallow ingot pool-profiles found in ESR ingots. The nature of chemical reactions in the electroslag process is briefly discussed in relation to the oxygen content of ESR ingots. Finally, the synergistic character of ESR process parameters is illustrated by considering the effect of power variations on the ingot solidification pattern.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has been growing to
market from the past several years with great potential. Many
several devices have been now available in the market based on
IoT, which enables it to connect with your smart phones or with
any other kind of smart resources, and then that device is ready
to perform smart work via the Internet. With the help of IoT, we
are now able to make our devices connect with the internet and
then can be operated from anywhere from the geo location as
well as it can store and retrieve a large amount of data for better
communication between the end-user and the device. IoT also
has a wide range of applications that are being used on many
platforms. However, this great technology also has to face many
problems and among all the problems the main issue arises with
its security aspects. The major concern on using IoT security is
the hacker wants to enter into the large network system using a
particular device as all the devices are connected over the
network. Not only this, many other security threats and malware
are also a major concern in IoT. So taking these security aspects
as a major concern this research paper reviews several security
issues and challenges that occur in IoT. As there in every field
when it comes to cyber security for any kind of data, we need to
follow CIA Security Triangle i.e., Confidentiality, Integrity, and
Availability of data. CIA security triangle is the most important
concept in terms of security and also must be taken into
consideration in the IoT domain. Therefore, considering all these
facts and reviewing some of the latest documents as well as
researches in the field of IoT, this paper has been based on all
the facts related to IoT security issues and its desirable solution
which is needed to be done and should follow the security
triangle to an extent.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as an important application area for time series statistical analysis and data mining of time series. As the volume of sensor data is high, time series analysis of sensor data is a problem of processing large datasets. Moreover, the IoT platforms have to simultaneously process multiple jobs on the same infrastructure. Processing such large datasets requires large amount of memory. To alleviate this problem, we propose use of incremental algorithms. Incremental algorithms can be used for both batch and streaming applications. In this paper, we show an incremental algorithm for an example time series analysis algorithm viz. autoregression. We describe a memory efficient autoregression algorithm and show the memory footprint reduction achieved by using this incremental algorithm.


In modern society,as the most advanced economy mode with creativity until today,market economy exists and develops based on its economic rationality and moral reason.At the same time moral Utopian view has disappeared because of the development of self-restraining of market economy at the age of globalization.Consequently,modern intercourse manner becomes implemental rationality and man's survival mode goes into consumerism and gastronomy.Therefore human beings should necessarily limit market economy culturally and morally and control their own activity for the sake of huamn existence and development in the future.


Imagine you are tucked in the privacy of your home located in a quiet neighborhood, when suddenly flocks of strangers enclose your property, linger on the sidewalk, traverse across the lawn, peer through the windows, and block the driveway—all while intently staring at mobile devices in their hands or while gazing through a pair of special glasses. The paparazzi are out of town and no, your home did not become the world's eighth wonder overnight. Crowds blatantly ignore polite requests to vacate your property; instead, unwelcome visitors respond with threatening expletive language. Strangers knock on the door seeking access to your backyard. The shrubbery aligning your home shields intruders from law enforcement and acts as a substitute restroom for late-night emergencies. Visitors pollute the surrounding peaceful area with trash and loud music. Constant ruckus results in sleep deprivation as you endlessly protect your personal safety and defend your property from unwanted invasions. What can possibly mesmerize crowds to such intrusive extents? The digital revival of a twenty-year-old game spawned what many deemed a "zombie apocalypse" as Pokémon Go hit smartphones worldwide on July 6, 2016.1 Pokémon Go transformed nostalgic trading cards from the 1990s into an Augmented Reality (AR) scavenger hunt game, where players


We propose a novel and general method to investigate shot noise in nanoscale devices by means of Monte Carlo simulations within the self-consistent 3D Poisson-NEGF framework, focusing our attention on Carbon Nanotube and Silicon Nanowire Field effect transistors. We will show that Pauli exclusion principle and Coulomb interactions play an important role in device electrical behavior. In particular, their combined effect leads to a reduction of shot noise in strong inversion down to 23% of the full shot power spectral density for a gate overdrive of 0.4 V.


The measured core porosities for dolomite samples from 3-8-1-11W2 range from 6 to 16o/o, averaging around I1%. The porosity is generally much lower (2 to 8%) in the limestone and/or in limestone where dolomitization occurs preferentially in the burrows. The maximum perrneability of the dolomite reservoirs in this well varies from 0.5 to 30 mD, with two samples exceeding 30 mD while the maximum permeability of most limestone samples is less thanT mD. For the Yeoman Formation (or "C" Burrowed Member) there is a good correlation between porous reservoirs, as indicated by porosity logs, and dolomites.


The Savannah River Site's HB-Line Facility completed a campaign in which fifty nine cans of neptunium oxide were produced and shipped to the Idaho National Laboratory in the 9975 shipping container. The neptunium campaign was divided into two parts: Part 1 which consisted of oxide made from H-Canyon neptunium solution which did not require any processing prior to conversion into an oxide, and Part 2 which consisted of oxide made from additional H-Canyon neptunium solutions which required processing to purify the solution prior to conversion into an oxide. The neptunium was received as a nitrate solution and converted to oxide through ion-exchange column extraction, precipitation, and calcination. Numerous processing challenges were encountered in order make a final neptunium oxide product that could be shipped in a 9975 shipping container. Among the challenges overcome was the issue of scale: translating lab scale production into full facility production. The balance between processing efficiency and product quality assurance was addressed during this campaign. Lessons learned from these challenges are applicable to other processing projects.


This study presents an exploratory investigation of SMEs in Vietnam to understand the impact of personal-level factors on middle managers' work motivation and the moderating role of work environment. A survey of 450 middle managers (MMs) in 150 Hanoi's SMEs was conducted. The findings of this research showed a significant positive impact of Achievement (ACHV), Recognition (RECOG), and Responsibility (RESP) on work motivation of MMs under the investigation. Furthermore, the result indicated that the work environment affects the relationship between personal-level factors and work motivation of participants. Consequently, both work environment improvement and strategies related to personal-level factors need to be taken into consideration. Especially, Recognition and transparency in Responsibility are appreciated in organizations with a low level of work environment satisfaction. However, there were no indications that Participation (PAR) and Communication (CMM) have a considerable impact on work motivation of respondents, being neither low level nor high level of work environment satisfaction. Based on the findings, recommendations are suggested for Vietnam's SMEs to improve work motivation of MMs, by (i) developing standards with emphasis on their achievement, (ii) paying attention to organizational culture focusing on the responsibility of this managerial level, and (iii) building an adequate incentive system, especially non-financial incentives.


Objective To investigate the expressions of Notch1 and NF-κB p65 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC) and its significance. Methods The expressions of Notch1 and NF-κB p65 was detected by RT-PCR and SP immunohistochemical methods in 58 cases of CSCC tissue and 58 cases of normal skin tissues, respectively. Results The relative content of Notch1 mRNA (0.451±0.072) in CSCC was obviously lower than that (0.715±0.085) in normal skin tissues, there was a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). The relative level of NF-κB p65 mRNA (0.646±0.062) in CSCC was significantly higher than that (0.445±0.063) in normal skin tissues, and there was a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). The positive expression ratio of Notch1 protein (31.03%) in CSCC was evidently lower than that (77.59%) in normal skin tissues, there was a significant difference between two groups (P0.05), while the positive expression ratio of NF-κBp65 protein (81.03%) in CSCC was evidently higher than that (34.48%) in normal skin tissues, and there was a significant difference between two groups (P0.05). Conclusion The low expression of Notch1 and high expression of NF-κB and p65 may be closely related to the occurrence and development of CSCC.


Design equations were developedfor two auger configurations that for practical purposes generate uniform vertical flow of granular material through containers or boxes having a rectangular cross-section. Both configurations have uniform outside diameters so the simple geometry of the conventional U-trough housings could be used with these augers. One configuration had a uniform pitch for the auger flighting and decreasing inside diameter. The other had a uniform inside diameter and a decreasing pitch of the flighting with distance from the outlet end of the auger. Both configurations dramatically improved the uniformity offlow over the conventional auger. However, confidence intervals (a = 0.01) generally indicated that flows were significantly different from an "ideal" uniform flow along the length ofthe augers.


Abstract The plasmin-cleaved hGH isohormones D and E exhibit several-fold enhanced biological activity in the rat over the major form, isohormone B, but the mechanism of enhanced activity is unknown. The ability of plasmin-cleaved activated hGH isohormones D and E to generate somatomedin activity was compared to that of hGH-B. Hypophysectomized male rats were injected with hGH-E or hGH-B (dose range, 0-100 μg/day), and somatomedin activity in serum was measured by thymidine incorporation into cultured chick embryo fibroblasts. After optimization of the hGH injection schedule, a 7-day injection schedule with one daily dose was adopted. The potency ratio of hGH-E to hGH-B was 3.9 (95% confidence limits, 1.5-28) for somatomedin generation. The two isohormones had been shown to have a potency ratio of 3.2 (95% confidence limits, 2.7-3.9) in the tibial line assay. Neither hGH-E nor hGH-B showed direct somatomedin activity in vitro. It is concluded that activated isohormones exhibit enhanced potency to generate...


The monograph is devoted to the issues of scientific substantiation of ways to improve the efficiency of the functioning of the executive bodies of coal mining machines used in the underground mining of coal seams, which are of great practical importance.
The results of studies on the reliability of destructive organs are new in the formulation and not previously published in the monograph format. A model is described and a physical interpretation of the failure patterns of auger assemblies and elements is given, methods for assessing the reliability and efficiency of using augers and cutting tools for specific operating conditions using traditional probabilistic and new energy approaches are proposed.
It is addressed to engineering and technical workers of design institutions, factories and mines engaged in the design and operation of cleaning combines and plows.


The invention provides a family-used object-grasping game player which is close to a real machine and can be easily played even by children and whose playing process is full of tension. The family-used object-grasping game player(1) includes: a pedestal section (2), which is provided with a first button (24), a second button (25) and a main-base plate which is provided with a control device (101); an ingathering section (3); a lifting jack section (4), which is provided with a catching device (65) whose underside part shapes tooth and on the side of whose underside part, a vertical wall panel(76) is provided and a lifting jack body (54) which can control the catching device to move towards X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction; a box roof; the control device can control the catching device to move towards X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction.


For complex systems of the form \[ x' = Ax + \varepsilon g( {t,x,\varepsilon } ) , \] where A is a square matrix, g is analytic in the components of x and almost periodic in t, and $\varepsilon $ is a complex parameter, we give conditions on the Fourier exponents of g and the eigenvalues of A such that for $\| \varepsilon |$ sufficiently small, the system will have an almost periodic solution. Cases where the eigenvalues of A have zero real parts are dealt with in this result. This paper corrects and clarifies previously published work along this line; cf. [1], [2], [3].


The present article reports the dynamic complex dielectric responses of non-polar nanocolloids of graphene (G) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The frequency dependent complex relaxation behaviors of G...


Objective: Designs a XGBoost-based data quality control model for the traditional chinese medicine (TCM) inpatient medical record home page. Exploring the method of data normalization on the TCM inpatient medical record home page. Methods: Taking the data on the TCM inpatient medical record home page of a hospital in Jiangsu Province as the original data. Using correlation analysis to filter out some data items that have a higher degree of correlation with the data items to be quality control. Establishing a XGBoost-based data quality control model for the TCM inpatient medical record home page. Using the hierarchical 10-fold cross-validation to evaluate the model. Results: The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of the model can reach 88.60%. Conclusion: The data quality control model on the TCM inpatient medical record home page is conducive to improving the quality of the data on the TCM inpatient medical record home page and provides data support for medical research.


Separation of marbles into similar textures is a demanding and specialized process. In general, this process is carried out by experts. Marble plates with different textures to be placed in the same group is not a desirable status. This situation may lead to customer dissatisfaction in the sales process and post-sales. In this study, we propose a marble classification system using Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). The dataset to be classified consists of real marble images collected from the private companies built in organized industrial zone of Elazig. For an effective performance evaluation, we held a comparison with Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) supported ELM and gave the results. Obtained performance values prove that proposed system is capable for classification of marble textures.


Objective: To evaluate the changes in the number of Langerhans Cells (LC) observed in the epithelium of smokeless tobacco (SLT-induced) lesions. Methods: Microscopic sections from biopsies carried out in the buccal mucosa of twenty patients, who were chronic users of smokeless tobacco (SLT), were utilized. For the control group, twenty non-SLT users of SLT with normal mucosa were selected. The sections were studied with routine coloring and were immunostained for S-100, CD1a, Ki-67 and p63. These data were statistically analyzed by the Student's t-test to investigate the differences in the expression of immune markers in normal mucosa and in SLT-induced leukoplakia lesions. Results: There was a significant difference in the immunolabeling of all markers between normal mucosa and SLT-induced lesions (p<0.001). The leukoplakia lesions in chronic SLT users demonstrated a significant increase in the number of Langerhans cells and in the absence of epithelial dysplasia. Conclusion: The increase in the number of these cells represents the initial stage of leukoplakia. Abstract Scoliosis is called idiopathic when no other underlying disease can be identified. The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is still unknown despite many years of research effort. Theories on AIS's etiology have included mechanical, hormonal, metabolic, neuromuscular, growth, and genetic abnormalities. Skeletally immature patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are at risk of curve progression. The adolescent onset of severe idiopathic scoliosis has traditionally been evaluated using standing posteroanterior radiographs of the full spine to assess lateral curvature with the Cobb method. Scoliosis in children of school age and above primarily occurs in girls. The therapeutic goal in children is to prevent progression. In children, scoliosis of 20° or more should be treated with a brace, and scoliosis of 45° or more with surgery.


The study aimed to identify the degree of practice of school principals in North Al Sharqiyah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. And a study of whether there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) between the estimates of the study sample members due to the study variables, gender, and years of experience. To answer the study questions, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method. The study also used a questionnaire to collect information. The study population consisted of all teachers of North Al Sharqiyah Governorate for the academic year 2020/2021, who numbered (4,494) male and female teachers.
The results showed that the degree of school principals' practice of educational leadership in the Governorate of North Al Sharqiyah in the Sultanate of Oman is very high. Above came the axis of school administration, then the axis of learning, and finally the axis of education. Its results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the average estimates of the study sample in the degree to which school principals practice educational leadership according to the gender variable in favour of males, and according to the variable years of experience in favour of the sample members who have experience of more than 10 years.
Keywords: Educational leadership, School administration, Learning, Education, School Principals.


The demand towards a high resolution image of seismic measurements rises in every sphere of interest. We want to test an elastic full waveform inversion approach for inverting for crystalline host rock for future application below ground. This will decrease the safety and investment risks for underground developments. We performed seismic measurements with multi-component receivers using transmission geometry in the GFZ Underground Lab in the research and education mine "Reiche Zeche" of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg. A 2-D elastic full waveform tomography is applied to gain a high-resolution velocity model by using only the waveform of the first arrival P-wave. For this approach, based on the field measurement geometry, a synthetic test investigated the applicability of the inversion. A preprocessing flow was applied on the synthetic data. As the true model, a random scattered velocity model which represent the crystalline rock was used to estimate the possible resolution of the inversion. The starting model was obtained from a first arrival travel time tomography. After 250 iterations, the waveforms match almost perfectly. Also, the velocity model was reconstructed very well. The unresolved structures are in the range of or even smaller than the smallest wavelength used for the inversion. Therefore, our preprocessing approach for a crystalline rock medium by only considering the P-wave arrivals is suitably for a high resolution image compared to other inversion schemes.


The aim of the present study was to find out the effects of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) 50 Hz - 10 mT on the rat electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from the rat brain cortex and from the skull surface. The rats were, whole body, exposed to this EMF intensity one hour daily for 7 days. Recovery study was done after one week from stopping the EMF exposure. The effects of the filed were estimated by compression of the averaged EEG frequency spectra in the range of frequencies between 0.2 - 0.7 Hz and by comparison of amplitude of EEG waves in control, exposed to EMF and recovery animals. Statistically significant effects of EMF were observed both in EEG amplitude and power reduction at most EEG frequencies. Also, noticeable variations were observed in normal values of maximum amplitude and number of successive EEG epochs recorded from brain and skull surfaces after exposure to ELF magnetic fields. These results show that a weak low EMF can influence the spontaneous electrical rat brain activity in the animals subjected to the EMF.


Vehicle insulation resistance detection device, and one end is connected to the first resistor and the other end of the first resistor is a periodic signal generating unit and one end cycle signal in generating a periodic signal is applied, the other end connected to a high voltage circuit of claim 1 a second resistor and a second capacitor connected to the capacitor and the one end is connected to one end with the connected second capacitor, the other terminal of the second capacitor to the other terminal of the first resistor and the other end to circuit ground of the low-pressure ground of the low voltage circuit the first direction is the direction one end directed to the second capacitor in the forward direction diode from the other end of the third resistor is configured are connected in series, and the series circuit and the low-pressure ground and the second connection to the second capacitor in parallel with on the basis of the amplitude of the voltage detector, and a detection signal for detecting a voltage between the other terminal of the capacitor as a detection signal, for detecting insulation resistance value of the insulation resistance resistance It was provided with a detector.


The initial products of the tropospheric oxidation of a representative mixture of hydrocarbons have been studied theoretically, using a detailed chemical mechanism involving 26 alkanes (C1–C8), alkenes (ethylene, propylene), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes), and two terpenes (isoprene, α-pinene). For an NOx-rich atmosphere the oxidation of the alkanes in the mixture leads to three main classes of initial products: aldehydes (34%), ketones (45%), and alkyl nitrates (21%). Both the γ-hydroxy-aldehydes (19%) and the γ-hydroxy-ketones (19% of all alkane initial products) are major products. For NOx-free conditions the major products of the alkane oxidation are expected to be the alkyl hydroperoxides. For NOx-rich conditions the aldehydes dominate the alkene oxidation products (80%), with smaller amounts of α-hydroxy-carbonyl compounds (9%) and organic acids (4%). The major products of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the mixture are α-dicarbonyls (24%), unsaturated γ- dicarbonyls (22%), phenols (<49%), aromatic aldehydes (3%), and aromatic nitrates (2%). The expected product distribution and lifetime data suggest that each class of hydrocarbon has certain unique products which should serve as useful indicators of the history of an aged air mass. It is concluded that the alkyl nitrates and the γ-hydroxy-alkyl nitrates may contribute to the large, and as yet unidentified, fraction of the active nitrogen species noted in NOy determinations in the troposphere by Fahey et al. (1986).


Antibacterial peptides are produced by various organisms from insects to mammals. Modes of action of these peptides for killing bacteria depend on their structures, charges and amino acid compositions. Attraction and attachment of peptides on surface of bacteria by charge-charge interaction followed by cell membrane insertion. Bacteria death is caused either by the transmembrane pore-forming or intracellular killing mechanisms. Therapeutic uses of antibacterial peptides especially for dealing with antibiotic resistance problem are still in the preclinical phase and needed the intensively study on the advantages and disadvantages. Key words: Antibacterial peptide, Antibiotic resistance, transmembrane pore-formation


The invention belongs to the field of computation, relates to an Adboost training learning method and device based on distributed computation and detection cost ordering, and solves the problem of slow detection speed of high-dimensional mass data sample training caused by an upper limit of memory and computing power of a single computer, so as to realize parallel training, form a new cascade classifier through circulation, and increase detection speed. The method is characterized by including: Step 3. distributed training: a first sample is split and distributed to computers, the computers train strong classifiers respectively according to allocated computation indexes of strong classifiers, and a new cascade classifier is formed according to the classification capacity of the strong classifiers; and Step 4. distributed training of a next time: the first samples of the computers that are wrongly classified are collected, the first sample is split and distributed to the computers, the computer train strong classifiers according to the allocated computation indexes of the strong classifiers, and a new cascade classifier is formed according to the classification capacity of the strong classifiers.


A method by which difficulties inherent in absolute measurement and the perturbation of the fission neutron spectrum by the return neutron flux from material surrounding the fission plate can be obviated is described and applied to the measurement of average cross sections of some threshold reactions. A foil of 90% enriched U--Al alloy, about 0.5 mm thick and 1 cm in diameter, was fixed on the periphery of a thin Al rotor plate with some threshold foils. Diagonally across the plate similar threshold foils were placed, but without the U --Al foil. The assembly was irradiated in a large room. The reaction rate can be expressed by using the shape factor or calculated by the Monte Carlo method. Cross sections for the following reactions are tabulated and compared with previous results: /sup 58/Ni(n,p)/sup 58/Co, /sup 27/Al(n, alpha )/sup 24/Na, and /sup 115/In(n,n')/sup 115m/In. (2 figures, 2 tables) (RWR)


The maintenance and inspection of power transformers can be a time-consuming task for electric utilities, but it is a necessity for maintaining electrical grid reliability. A standard strategy for diagnosis of fault conditions in an oil-filled transformer is to periodically acquire oil samples and perform dissolved gas analysis (DGA). Aging and temperature variation can induce varying concentrations of hydrogen, methane, and other hydrocarbons, which all form as the oil degrades. Acetylene (C2H2) is generated only during localized, high-temperature events such as partial discharge, and its presence is a key marker for identifying these conditions.. The development of optical fiber-based sensors to fill the role of DGA offers several advantages, including the option to implement real-time, in-situ, or even spatially resolved (distributed or quasi-distributed) sensing schemes. The evanescent field approach, in conjunction with tailored sensing materials, provides a cheap and scalable solution to this problem. However, this solution is oftentimes hampered by long-term stability and cross-sensitivity issues. One solution is to gather data from multiple optical fiber sensors designed to eliminate cross-sensitivity and calibrate drift. In this work, a multi-sensor array is developed to target multiple gas species relevant to transformer monitoring (C2H2, CH4, H2). This approach, combined with machine learning models such as support vector machines (SVM), can be used to identify the gas species present at concentrations relevant to DGA (ppm levels) with dramatically increased accuracy.


Gene Lerner (ed.), Conversation analysis: Studies from the first generation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2004. Pp. 300. Hb $138.00, Pb $65.95. Conversation analysis developed in the mid to late 1960s in a collaboration initially between Harvey Sacks and Emanuel Schegloff and, somewhat later, with the addition of Gail Jefferson. By the early 1970s, several students joined the group, by this point based at the University of California campuses at Irvine and Los Angeles, to form what Lerner calls "the first generation." Conversation analysis has continued to grow, indeed has flourished, in the years since. Today conversation analysts are to be found not only in the United Stated, Canada, and the United Kingdom, but also Japan, Korea, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, and many other countries. There are conversation analysts in departments of sociology, linguistics, anthropology, communication, and psychology, as well as in many modern language and applied programs. The widespread success of conversation analysis is largely attributable to three characteristics of its research program:


OBJECTIVE
We investigated the clinical value of alprostadil combined with the α-lipoic acid in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus with erectile dysfunction (DMED).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We selected a total of 76 cases of patients who were admitted to endocrinology department of our hospital from June 2014 to June 2015 and diagnosed as DMED, and the average age was (46.7 ± 7.2) years old, average course of diabetes mellitus was (6.2 ± 2.8) years and average body mass index was (25.4 ± 1.3) kg/m2. 40 cases were randomly divided in the observation group while 36 cases were divided in the control group. They received blood glucose control therapy. The patients in the observation group received 60 mg alprostadil hydrochloride and 600 mg α-lipoic acid added into 250 mL normal saline, intravenous drip once per day for 2 weeks. The patients in the control group took tadalafil 5 mg orally, once per night for 2 weeks as a course of treatment. There were no cases of loss.

RESULTS
The effective rate of treatment in observation group is significantly higher than that in the control group (95.0% vs. 80.5%, p < 0.05). The score of IIEF-5, EHGS and the FMD value of brachial artery of the observation group after the operation were significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The adverse reaction rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (7.5% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Alprostadil combined with α-lipoic acid can improve DMED patients' vascular endothelial function and erection hardness to treat erectile dysfunction with less adverse effects and better safety.


An environment protection type cigarette case able to automatically pushing cigarette out is composed of a base body, a top cover pivoted to one side of said base body and consisting of internal and external plates, and an automatic cigarette taking unit arranged between said internal and external plates and consisting of primary and secondary drive pieces, a cigarette pushing out arm, a drive knob, and an end cover for covering the cigarette outlet.


The cardinal driver of cerebral palsy litigation is electronic fetal monitoring, which has continued unabated for 40 years. Electronic fetal monitoring, however, is based on 19th-century childbirth myths, a virtually nonexistent scientific foundation, and has a false positive rate exceeding 99%. It has not affected the incidence of cerebral palsy. Electronic fetal monitoring has, however, increased the cesarian section rate, with the expected increase in mortality and morbidity risks to mothers and babies alike. This article explains why electronic fetal monitoring remains endorsed as efficacious in the worlds' labor rooms and courtrooms despite being such a feeble medical modality. It also reviews the reasons professional organizations have failed to condemn the use of electronic fetal monitoring in courtrooms. The failures of tort reform, special cerebral palsy courts, and damage limits to stem the escalating litigation are discussed. Finally, the authors propose using a currently available evidence rule—the Daubert doctrine that excludes "junk science" from the courtroom—as the beginning of the end to cerebral palsy litigation and electronic fetal monitoring's 40-year masquerade as science.


Recently, network function virtualization has been focused to achieve flexible service deployment. A key to develop the network function virtualization is how easily a network function(s) can be separated from other network functions. In this paper, using the Internet protocol stack in the Linux kernel, we clarify an evolution of functional connectivity in protocols and between protocols through the Linux kernel development. As a result, we found that number of functions and number of function calls have been increased, but degree distribution and path length distribution have not been changed. Moreover, a modularity that indicates independency of network functions is not so high comparing with other biological systems.


The preparation of a new benzamidinate ligand containing the nonafluoromesityl substituent is reported. LitRpCiN-c-CgH,,)^] (1 b) is prepared by addition of RFLi to N,N'dicyciohexylcarbodiimide (RF = nonafluoromesityl). Treatment of ZrCI4 with two equivalents of 1b results in the formation of the zirconium dichloride derivative [RFCiN-c-CgH^gkZrCI;, (2). The related ligand Li[RFC(NSiMe3)2] (1a) has been used to prepare the corresponding tin(ll) and lead(ll) derivatives. The complexes [RFC(NSiMe3)2]2M (3: Μ = Sn, 4: Μ = Pb) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Introduction In recent years the 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent (= nonafluoromesityl, abbreviated R f ) has been extensively used to stabilize unusual low-coordinated main group element derivatives."' The stabilizing effect of nonafluoromesityl is based on a combination of steric and electronic characteristics. Especially important in many cases is the formation of metal-fluorine interactions between the central atoms and fluorine atoms of the ortho-CF3 groups. Among the most remarkable species containing the nonafluoromesityl substituent were the stable diarylstannylene derivative (RF)2Sn ^ as well as the first diarylplumbylene, (RF)2Pb. The nonafluoromesityl ligand has also been successfully employed in the synthesis of very bulky heteroallylic ligands. Bulky heteroallylic ligands such as the benzamidinate anions [RC6H4C(NSiMe3)2]" have recently been shown to be highly versatile building blocks in main group and coordination chemistry.' The sterically most demanding ligand of this type was found to be [(CF3)3C6H2C(NSiMe3)2]" based on nonafluoromesityl.' We describe here the preparation of a related N-alkylated ligand as well as the use of these ligands in the synthesis of zirconium(IV), tin(ll), and lead(ll) complexes. Results and Discussion All syntheses of nonafluoromesityl compounds generally start with the lithiation of nonafluoromesitylene by n-butyllithium which produces the intermediate aryllithium derivative RFLi. The latter can be isolated in the solid state as a diethylether adduct, although is has been found very convenient to prepare RFLi in situ and use the resulting solutions in diethylether directly for further reactions. This procedure is especially recommended as the pure organolithium compound is potentially explosive.' The lithium salt Li[RFC(NSiMe3)2] (1a) has been prepared earlier by reacting freshly prepared RFLi with N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide in a 1:1 molar ratio according to Equation (1).' We have now found that the reaction can also be extended to Nalkylated carbodiimide derivatives such as N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide: RFLi + R'-N=C=N-R' > Li[RpC(NR')2] (1) R f = 2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2 1a: R = SiMe3 1b: R = o-CeHu The new lithium salt 1b was isolated in low yield (11%) in the form of yellow-orange crystals, which are highly soluble in common organic solvents including pentane and hexane. The low yield is due to the formation of significant amounts of oily by-products. However, the reaction can be carried out on a fairly large scale and the product is readily isolated and purified by recrystallization from hexane. The characterization of 1b by spectroscopic methods is straightforward and unambiguous. Just like the known N-trimethylsilyl derivative 1a, crystalline 1b is unsolvated. Bulky heteroallylic ligands such as the anions in 1a and 1b are interesting precursors for catalytically active titanium and zirconium complexes."' This is due to the fact that such heteroallylic ligands may act as steric cyclopentadienyl equivalents.' Thus disubstituted titanium(IV) or zirconium(IV) complexes


Taxonomies hierarchically organize concepts in a domain. Building and maintaining them by hand is a tedious and time-consuming task. This paper proposes a novel, unsupervised algorithm for automatically learning an IS-A taxonomy from scratch by analyzing a given text corpus. Our approach is designed to deal with infrequently occurring concepts, so it can effectively induce taxonomies even from small corpora. Algorithmically, the approach makes two important contributions. First, it performs inference based on clustering and the distributional semantics, which can capture links among concepts never mentioned together. Second, it uses a novel graph-based algorithm to detect and remove incorrect is-a relations from a taxonomy. An empirical evaluation on five corpora demonstrates the utility of our proposed approach.


This work evaluates the impact of self-equalization in a Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system uplink in which the performance of the Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) and the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are compared in terms of spectral efficiency (SE) under a single-cell environment. The FBMC is referred as one of the strongest candidates to replace OFDM in 5G networks, but it is greatly affected by noise, inter-user interference, and distortion caused by the channel frequency selectivity in a MIMO channel. However, a phenomenon referred to as "self-equalization" occurs when the channel employs a larger ratio between the number M of base station (BS) antennas and the number K of users in Massive MIMO (MM), turning the effects of the channel frequency selectivity negligible. Under that condition, the FBMC presents better SE than OFDM mostly due to the absence of the cyclic prefix. Thus, by adopting a threshold in terms of the output mean squared error of the estimated transmitted symbols in MM, the results indicate the viability of FBMC, showing that although it requires a larger M/K ratio than OFDM to start working, after surpassing the threshold it presents a much higher SE which clearly justifies the extra number of BS antennas.


E-governance can make governance more efficient and more effective by improving governmental processes (e-administration), connecting citizens (e-citizens and e-services) and building external interactions (e-society). E-citizens, e-services and e-society are relatively new inclusions within e-governance as they rely on modern information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper analyses the application of ICTs in e-governance by studying in detail a case of an e-governance initiative in a fishermen community in the union territory of Pondicherry, India, taken up by an NGO.


Deposition of Se and GaSe on $\mathrm{Si}(111)7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ surfaces was studied with low-energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron diffraction to probe initial nucleation and interface structure for $\mathrm{GaSe}/\mathrm{Si}(111)$ heteroepitaxy. Room-temperature deposition of Se on $\mathrm{Si}(111)7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ results in an amorphous film. Subsequent annealing leads to Se evaporation without ordering or interdiffusion. Se deposition at $450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ saturates at submonolayer coverage with no diffusion of Se into the substrate. There is no clear evidence of ordered sites for the Se. Growth of GaSe on $\mathrm{Si}(111)7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ above $500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ results in a pseudomorphic bilayer, with Si-Ga-Se bonding. Additional GaSe does not stick to the bilayer above $525\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}.$ The resulting Se lone pair at the surface leads to an ideally passivated surface similar to $\mathrm{As}/\mathrm{Si}(111).$ This stable surface is similar to the layer termination in bulk GaSe. The single domain bilayer is oriented with the Ga-Se bond parallel to the substrate Si-Si bond.


Existing empirical estimates of merger effects are compromised by the fact that merging and nonmerging entities differ in unobserved ways that independently affect outcomes of interest. To obtain an unbiased estimate of the effect of consummated mergers, I propose an approach that focuses on the response of rivals to mergers and accounts for the endogeneity of exposure to these mergers. I apply this approach to evaluate the impact of independent hospital mergers in the United States between 1989 and 1996. Using the physical colocation of rivals as an instrument for whether they merge, I find a sizeable, one‐time increase in price following a rival's merger, with the greatest increase occurring among hospitals nearest the merging hospitals. These results are more consistent with predictions from structural models of the hospital industry than with prior observational estimates of the effects of hospital mergers.


In the paper there were presented possibilities of combining metal sheet with metallic foams using a Nd: YAG laser. The research were carried out over the properties of laser welded joint of micro-welds iron foam with superalloy HYNESH230®. The studies mainly focused on the microstructural and some mechanical properties. Example of structural applications for metallic foams, utilizing benefits in weight, stiffness, energy dissipation, mechanical damping, and vibration frequency were summarized already by many authors. The authors chose to study selected properties of fusion of Fe foam and sheet metal with new approach. Fe foam was prepared according to the method described in the Polish patent No. 199720 .There was prepared mixture of iron powder ASC 100.29 (source: the Höganäs company) and iron oxide with different composition. The mixture was sintered in a dissociated ammonia atmosphere. To determine pore size and shape from the foam specimens, image analyzer software was used. Laser beam welding is not only a feasible process for joining sheet metals and Fe foams, but it also seems to be promising for the construction structures, considering the energy absorption and the noise level. The joints were investigated with metallographic methods and EDS analyses. The studies used to determine basic quality parameters of the welded joint. Using EDS analysis, there were identified a types of alloying elements and the extent of diffusion from superalloy H 230®in the course of Fe foam. Also, there was investigated shear strength of obtained micro-welds.


The North-East Region (NER) is a land of magnificent beauty, possessing undulating hills, rolling grasslands, cascading waterfalls, snaking rivers, terraced slopes and thrilling flora and fauna. This picturesque scenario is contrasted by widespread poverty, low per capita income, high unemployment and low agricultural productivity leading to food-insecurity. With more than 98 percent international border (sharing with Bhutan and China in the north, Myanmar in the east and Bangaldesh in the south-west), the region has several unique features: fertile land, abundant water resources, evergreen dense forests, high and dependable rainfall, mega biodiversity and agriculture-friendly climate. Yet it has failed to convert its strengths optimally into growth opportunities for the well-being of the people.


In many areas of human endeavour, the systems involved are not available for direct measurement. Instead, by combining mathematical models for a system's evolution with partial observations of its evolving state, we can make reasonable inferences about it. The increasing complexity of the modern world makes this analysis and synthesis of high-volume data an essential feature in many real-world problems. The celebrated Kalman-Bucy filter, designed for linear dynamical systems with linearly structured measurements, is the most famous Bayesian filter. Its generalizations to nonlinear systems and/or observations are collectively referred to as nonlinear filtering (NLF), an extension of the Bayesian framework to the estimation, prediction, and interpolation of nonlinear stochastic dynamics. NLF uses a stochastic model to make inferences about an evolving system and is a theoretically optimal algorithm. The breadth of its applications, firmly established and still emerging, is simply astounding. Early uses such as cryptography, tracking, and guidance were mostly of a military nature. Since then, the scope has exploded. It includes the study of global climate, estimating the state of the economy, identifying tumours using non-invasive methods, and much more. The Oxford Handbook of Nonlinear Filtering is the first comprehensive written resource for the subject. It contains classical and recent results and applications, with contributions from 58 authors. Collated into 10 parts, it covers the foundations of nonlinear filtering, connections to stochastic partial differential equations, stability and asymptotic analysis, estimation and control, approximation theory and numerical methods for solving the nonlinear filtering problem (including particle methods). It also contains a part dedicated to the application of nonlinear filtering to several problems in mathematical finance. Contributors to this volume - R. Atar - Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel A. Bensoussan - University of Texas at Dallas, USA H. A. P. Blom - National Aerospace Laboratory NLR, The Netherlands A. Budhiraja - University of North Carolina, USA M. Cakanyldirim - University of Texas at Dallas, USA P. Y. Chigansky - The Weizmann Institute of Science J. M. C. Clark - Imperial College London, UK D. Crisan - Imperial College London, UK M. Davis - Imperial College London, UK A. Doucet - The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan. T. Duncan - University of Kansas, USA R. J. Elliott - University of Calgary, Australia R. Frey - Universitat Leipzig, Leipzig F. Le Gland - IRISA/INRIA, France B. Grigelionis - Lithuania F. Gustaffson - Linkoping University, Sweden M. Hairer - University of Warwick, UK R. Van Handel - Princeton University, USA A. J. Heunis - University of Waterloo, Canada A. M. Johansen - University of Warwick, UK R. Karlsson - Linkoping University, Sweden M. L. Kleptsyna - Universite du Maine, France N. V. Krylov - University of Minnesota, USA H. Kunita - Fukuoka, Japan T. Kurtz - University of Wisconsin- Madison, USA H. Kushner - Brown University, USA R. Lipster - Tel Aviv University, Israel C. Litterer - Mathematical Institute, Oxford, UK T. Lyons - Mathematical Institute, Oxford, UK S. V. Lototsky - University of Southern California, USA M. Chaleyat-Maurel - Universite Paris Descartes 45, Paris Hong Miao - Colorado State University, USA R. Mikulevicius - USC Department of Mathematics, Los Angeles, USA G. Milstein - Ural State University, Russia V. Monbet - Universite de Bretagne-Sud, France P. del Moral - Universite Bordeaux 1, France G. Nappo - University "La Sapienza ", Italy N. J. Newton - University of Essex, UK F. Patras - Universite de Nice, France H. Pham - Universites Paris 6- Paris 7, France B. Rozovski? - Brown University, USA S. Rubenthaler - Universite de Nice, France W. J. Runggaldier - Universita degli Studi di Padova, Italy T.B. Schon - Linkoping University, Sweden L. C. Scott - University of Missouri at Kansas City, USA S. P. Sethi - University of Texas at Dallas, USA Y. Bar-Shalom - University of Connecticut, USA W. Stannat - Fachbereich Mathematik A. Stuart - University of Warwick, UK V.-D. Tran - Universite de Bretagne-Sud, France M. Tretyakov - University of Leicester, UK A. Y. Veretennikov - University of Leeds, UK R. Vinter - Imperial College London, UK J. Voss - University of Warwick, UK Zhenyu Wu - University of Saskatchewan, Canada J. Xiong - Mathematics Department, Knoxville, USA O. Zeitouni - University of Minnesota, USA Y. Zeng - University of Missouri at Kansas City, USA


In this paper there is the comparison of vehicle models with an engine drive and a fuel cell drive. This is made in order to attain analysis of driving system efficiency of mentioned models. There are also shown chemical reactions which occur at fuel cell electrodes with use of various fuels. The tentional-current voltage charactereristics of fuel cell (AFC) are shown in the graph form. From realized analisys it appears that general efficiency of the fuel cell driving system is higer than efficiency of the driving system with an engine. In this paper there are analysed efficiency ranges of individual types of the fuel cells. Their maximum values reach above 60%. The authors also refer to some atemps of production of cars with the fuel cells. They mention their elementary models as well.


Introduction: Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis are neglected diseases caused bythe Trypanosoma cruzi and kentoplastid parasites Leishmania spp. Parasitic diseasescause great impact on social and economic, affecting millions of people in the worldand represent a major global health problem. In the search for new alternatives for thetreatment of Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, strategies have been used to discovernew active molecules, because there is an urgent need for the development of newdrugs. In this scenario, 1,4-naphthoquinones have shown notable activity in thecontext of neglected diseases. Aim: To synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones derivativesand evaluated these compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes, Leishmaniapromastigotes (Leishmania amazonensis) and cytotoxicity to LLCMK2 cells.Results: Nine 1,4-naphthoquinones derivatives were synthesized using 2-Bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone (1), 1,4-Naphthoquinone (5) and 2-Hydroxi-1,4-naphthoquinone(9) as starting material. Derivative 6a exhibited excellent trypanocidal activity,IC50 of 0.25 ± 0.02 μM, superior potency compared with the reference drug Benznidazol.Besides, these compounds displayed low activity against promastigote from L.amazonensis. Conclusion: The results indicate that compound 6a may have potentialfor agent against Chagas disease.


The physical properties and hydrocarbons composition of six hydrogenated lubricant base stocks from different class crude oils and a poly α-olefin(PAO-6)were detailedly analyzed by using column chromatogram,mass spectrum,1H NMR,13C NMR and DEPT 13C NMR.The results showed that these base stocks contained much more saturated hydrocarbons and less aromatic hydrocarbons,and also less sulfur and nitrogen.There was a direct proportional relationship between the viscosity index of hydrocracked lubricant base stock and its paraffin hydrocarbons content.High n-alkanes and methylene contents of the base oil corresponded to high viscosity index,and high branched-chain methyl and methylene contents of base stock corresponded to low viscosity index.Branching degree and viscosity-temperature performance of base stock had negative correlation,the greater the degree of branching,the poorer the viscosity-temperature performance,the lower viscosity index.The hydrocarbon structure of base stock was corresponding with the characteristics of crude oil,from which the base stock comes.


This paper presents a feminist critique to digital consent and argues that the current system is flawed. The online surveillance adtech industry that funds the web had to use a mechanism that commodifies people, rendering their behaviors into data - products that can be sold and traded for the highest bidder. This was made possible by objectifying, dehumanizing and decontextualizing human engagement and identity into measurable and quantifiable data units. In this way, digital consent serves as an authorizing and legalizing instrument to the business model of spying, selling and trading people in the online ecosystem. Using four key feminist approaches - process, embodiment, network and context - this article shows the way digital consent is a mechanism that transfers responsibility to people and enables an exploitative-extractivist market to exist. The design of digital consent creates a specific interface that teaches people to behave in ways that preserve the asymmetric power relations. Consequently, the article shows the broader educational effects of digital consent which conceives people as products with narrow agency and understanding of what they can do, think and imagine. The article concludes with a refusal to provide an easy solution to a flawed system.


List-decoding and average-radius list-decoding are important generalizations of unique decoding that received considerable attention over the years. However, the optimal trade-off among list-decoding radius, list size, and the code rate are not fully understood in both problems. In this paper, firstly, we prove a new Singleton-type bound for list-decodability, which improves the results of [3]. Next, we prove a Singleton-type bound for average-radius list-decodable codes, which is to the best of our knowledge, the first such bound for average-radius list-decodable codes.


In the late 19th century, the Japanese started to run newspapers in China. With the signment of unfair treaties, the number and the scale of the Japanese newspapers in China were becoming larger and larger. There were altogether more than 230 newspapers circulated in the North-east of china before Japan invaded China on September 18th in 1931.In other areas of China, the Japanese ran papers through different ways, operating them by themselves or in the name of Chinese, Englishmen or Americans. Sometimes, they purchased some newspaper firms or newspapermen to get them as their mouthpieces. All these papers were evil aids of the invader, serving the war by gathering information, sowing discords, talking black into white, or obscuring propaganda.


The invention discloses a dual-picture image display device and a control method. The display device comprises a signal input module, a video processing module, a 3D (three dimensional) processing module, a data caching module, a storage module, a display module and a transmission module. The video processing module is internally provided with a nonlinear processing module. The control method of the display device comprises the following steps: dividing each dual-picture image into M areas along the central point position of the image; and nonlinearly amplifying each image area, inserting and supplementing pixels to the areas to obtain the screen images which are displayed on the whole screens, wherein the inserted and supplemented pixels and the nonlinearity are proportional to the amplified distance of each area. Due to nonlinear amplification, the image can not be twisted and deformed easily when being displayed on the whole dual screens so that people can watch the image better.