Rising trend of urban population and consumer"s concern for nutrition, health, quality of foods and environment in recent times has resulted a change in consumption of organic foods especially Organic Tea. In this connection, several studies have been conducted about the consumer"s awareness and nature of consumption of organic foods and concluded that it is significantly higher in developed countries than developing ones. Most of the studies were limited to developed countries. Very few research studies have been conducted in detail with regard to various factors that influence consumer"s perception with respect to organic tea products in Assam in general and specially in Golaghat district. The rise in per capita purchasing power, accompanied by the increase in awareness regarding the social, environmental and health benefits of organic products, has not only increased the demand for such products but also incentivized the development of the organic value chain, as evidenced by continuous developments in industries such as e-commerce, supply chain, storage and processing. The present study aims at analyzing factors affecting consumer awareness levels and buying perception regarding Organic Tea with the help of an Exploratory study using a structured survey of 147 respondents in Golaghat district through pre-tested Questionnaires using purposive sampling. This paper attempts to examine the demand for organic tea as people residing in urban area are more conscious about their health and lifestyle. Majority of the people are employed in public and private institutions. The Consumers in the study area have a good purchasing power to pay premium prices for organic teas for a healthy lifestyle.


A Chinese location word usually shows the position,while in ancient Chinese literatures,its function went beyond basic usage and was employed to exaggerate,to serve as a metaphor and a functional word.This paper summarizes the location words in the book "shuo yuan" and analyzes them on the cultural level,pointing out that the employment of location words has been affected for a long time by Chinese culture,thinking mode,customs,and living environment,and the authors choose this writing skill in order to enhance the effect of expression.


The photoconductivity relaxation and the stationary photoconductivity in the n -Cd 0.8 Hg 0.2 Te com- pensated polycrystalline layers at T = 300 K have been investigated as a function of the light intensity and the strength of applied electric field E. It is demonstrated that, at low excitation intensities, the saturation of station- ary photoconductivity and a decrease in the relaxation time with an increase in E are caused by the minority carrier extraction. The effect of minority carrier extraction is analyzed with due regard for the internal electric field of potential barriers in intergranular layers. It is assumed that the features of nonequilibrium-carrier recom- bination, which proceeds through several channels and depends on the excitation intensity and extraction elec- tric field strength, can stem from the polycrystalline structure of the Cd 0.8 Hg 0.2 Te layers. © 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica".


This paper investigates Agile Manufacturing (AM) supported by Big Data for manufacturing optimization. The paper aims to identify the limitations of current manufacturing approaches such as just in time (JIT) and lean manufacturing and to map a process based on these limitations.The process works through a process re-engineering (PR) by eliminating and redesigning the steps that affect productions. The process will identify the key enablers that will assist in the design of an effective AM framework for process optimization.The paper also discusses the integration of Big Data (BD) as a major source of information to the manufacturing input. It will try to identify the extent the BD can be useful in manufacturing optimization. In the process, it will look at a specific kind of data like machine sensor data, Enterprise data, social network and website data and design a framework to bring all the information together for us in the manufacturing process.The paper will analyse and design an integration process framework of AM and BD as a new approach to manufacturing for optimal production.


Objective To explore the correlation between Chinese medicine differentiated types of elderly primary hypertension and blood pressure variability so as to provide the objective standards for the pattern/syndrome differentiation of elderly primary hypertension.Methods The 24 h dynamic blood pressure detection technique was applied to monitor blood pressure of 103 cases of enrolled elderly primary hypertension.The cases were differentiated based on Chinese medicine.The dynamic blood pressure data were observed in each differentiated pattern/syndrome.Results(1)Kidney essence insufficiency of elderly primary hypertension occupied the highest proportion,indicating the statistical significance as compared with the other patterns/syndromes.(2)The 24 h SBP in the groups of collateral blood stagnation and kidney essence insufficiency was higher than the other three groups,presenting the statistical difference(P0.05).The 24 h DBP in the group of kidney essence insufficiency was higher than the other groups.The 24 h SBP-SD in the groups of collateral blood stagnation and kidney essence insufficiency was bigger apparently than the other groups.The differences in 24 h DBP-SD were not significant statistically in comparison among groups.Conclusion The kidney essence insufficiency and collateral blood stagnation are the most common patterns/syndromes of elderly hypertension.Blood pressure variability can be taken as the reference evidence for the pattern/syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine.


Between 1800 and 1830, the nationalistic spirit reflected in Spanish-American literature was continental in scope rather than centered about individual states. Between the middle 1830's and the 1870's and 80's, nationalism in lit erature became increasingly local, reflecting the concept of the nation-state and the political views of the rising bourgeoisie. Between the 1880's and the turn of the century, Spanish- American writers became as cosmopolitan in their writing as their more positivistic compatriots were in business affairs ruled by international capitalism. In the first years of the twentieth century, the writers, feeling that the United States, after the Spanish-American War and the interventions in Cuba and Panama, was a danger to the political and cultural independ ence of Latin America, fought back by re-emphasizing in their writings their Hispanic, Latin, and Indian traditions. By the 1920's and 30's, and up to the present day, with the emergence of hitherto submerged strata of Latin America's population, and reflecting the tenets of the Mexican Revolution and of other American and world revolutionary doctrines, many Span ish-American writers coupled continental patriotism with racial, political, social, and economic protest directed against their own ruling classes and against foreign capitalism. Discontent with their continent's present conditions has also led another group of writers into a search for national self-definition which, if successful, will, in their opinion, resolve today's frustrations and deficiencies


Instability criteria for a spatially homogeneous distribution of electrons solvated in ammonia with respect to the transition to a nonuniform periodic state were established. The upper and lower temperature and concentration boundaries that limited the region of the existence of a periodic electron distribution were found. The upper boundary for the parameters that characterized instability was determined by solving a chain of linked equations for correlation distribution functions. The lower boundary was found by solving the dispersion equation under the additional condition that the transition should be favorable energetically.


Optimum firepower assignment of gun system with missile is based on circulation sequence method. Steps includes: first revise the comprehensive efficiency index of element awaiting assignment, then find out the most allocation element of comprehensive efficiency index after revising, while appoint the assignment element appearance is shooting; as to the element awaiting assignment, which has sparking conflict with the forenamed element, appoint its appearance is fireless. Afterwards, judge whether the element awaiting assignment exist or not, if exist, again to revise the comprehensive efficiency index of all the allotment element, whereas end the allotment.


Wayne Porter is an artist who has never taken an art class. Still, he has created one of the most obscure, must-see attractions for those who find themselves traveling through South Dakota for whatever ungodly reason: a sculpture park full of his wonderful and whimsical creations. The main attraction is a massive cow head with horns, made of now-rusted metal, equivalent to the size of one of the heads on Mount Rushmore. My mother and I found ourselves in this sculpture park two summers after my dad died and three months after her dad died. Both of us now fatherless, we were treading the waters of pain together.


Based on the statistical data in 2006,and according to the discharge rate of different livestocks,we calculated the production of animal manure,content of contaminants and pollution loading of livestocks,and assessed the risk of pollution from livestocks.The results indicated that the average yearly pollution loading of livestocks reached 2011.75 million tons in Shenyang, the mean amounts of BOD5,CODcr,NH3-N,TP,TN in animal manure were 52.26,59.58,12.92,5.68,13 million tons, respectively in 2006.The average yearly pollution loading of livestocks reached 35.36t·hm-2.It was found that the average risk index was 0.78,which indicated the risk level was high.This result can be applied to the agricultural layout and the environmental pollution control in Shenyang.


The article proposes applying energy from law deformation mechanics of the rigid body to the development and improvement of the deformation method for calculating the strength of reinforced concrete constructions with the use of diagrams illustrating the deformation of concrete and reinforcement. In terms of the strength energy theory, concrete and rebar accumulate potential energy in the section of the construction component under stress; based on the contours of the diagram used in calculation it is possible to distinguish a stress diagram for concrete of the compressed zone. The value of the stress in the section is equivalent to the force used for the deformation of the concrete specimen under stress (prism- or cylinder-shaped); the force is equal to the area used in the calculation of the normable diagram. The calculations of the resolving equations are performed with the hypothesis of flat sections. The conditions of the stress balance in the section of the construction component are tested with the method of the successive approximation. The moment of cracking is calculated in reference to the neutral axis after defining the stress in concrete of the strained zone with the preconditioned accuracy.


The structural parameters of a magnitude-limited sample of 148 unbarred S0-Sb galaxies were derived using the GASP2D algorithm and then analyzed to derive the intrinsic shape of their bulges. We developed a new method to derive the intrinsic shape of bulges based on photometric data and on the geometrical relationships between the apparent and intrinsic shapes of bulges and disks. The method is conceived as completely independent of the studied class of objects, and it can be applied whenever a triaxial ellipsoid embedded in an axisymmetric component is considered. We found that the intrinsic shape is well constrained for a subsample of 115 bulges with favorable viewing angles. A large fraction of them is characterized by an elliptical section (B/A 2, or equivalently, by the bulges of galaxies with a bulge-to-total ratio B/T>0.3. Bulges with n 2 and with B/T>0.3. In particular, bulges with n 2 and with B/T>0.3, respectively. According to the numerical simulations of bulge formation, bulges with n 2 and B/T>0.3.


Significance
 Bolsonaro, a retired army captain, had 55.1% of valid votes against 44.9% for Fernando Haddad of the centre-left Worker's Party (PT). His electoral triumph is a watershed moment in Brazilian politics: it not only puts an end to four consecutive PT victories, but also consolidates the fragmenting of the established political order after long, intertwined political and economic crises.

 Impacts
 Bolsonaro will surround himself with military aides.
 Risks to democracy seem moderate at present, but could escalate quickly in negative scenarios.
 Uncertainty will rise if the economy fails to gain steam in the short-to-medium term, leading to increased social unrest.
 Risks could arise if Bolsonaro's relationship with Congress deteriorates to the point in which his ability to govern is seriously affected.
 Mercosur's future prospects as a bloc may be in doubt if the government focuses on bilateral trade deals.


The polarization of neutrons scattered from Si and the unpolarized differential cross section for the process are measured at 5 angles at 0.2 to 0.7 Mev. The differential cross sections, together with previously measured cross sections, are analyzed in terms of the properties of the resonance levels seen in Si/sup 29/ (Si/sup 28/ + n) by the R-function formalism of Lane and Thomas. The levels in Si/sup 29/ at neutron energies of 0.536 and 0.571 Mev are assigned to be D5/2 and P3/2, respectively. The phase shifts obtained from this analysis are used to predict the polarization in the scattering from Si/sup 28/. The predicted values agree well with the measured polarization in scattering from natural Si. However, the rapid variation or the polarization with energy limits the usefulness of Si as an analyzer near the resonance energies. Below 0.4 and above 0.65 Mev, the polarization is practically zero. The agreement between calculated and measured polarizations gives added confirmation of previous measurements of the polarization of the neutrons in the Li/sup 7/(p,n)Be/sup 7/ reaction, which was used as the neutron source. (auth)


This book provides some important perspectives on the emerging nuclear order. The contributors discuss most burning questions of the day: What are the challenges to the global nuclear regime? What are the consequences of a nuclear Iran for West Asian peace and stability? Will it give rise to a nuclear quest among the important West Asian states? How would the West respond in such an eventuality? What would be the response of major Asian powers to nuclear Iran? What are the consequences of changes in the East Asian nuclear order for stability and peace in the region and beyond? How would major regional players respond? What are the implications of non-state actors acquiring nuclear weapon technology and capabilities? What did the international community learn from the discovery of the A.Q. Khan network? What are the possibilities for international cooperation against nuclear proliferation?


Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression is fundamental to organogenesis and pathogenesis. One of the modes of regulation that has been observed, particularly during stress conditions, is the formation of stress granules. These granules have been shown to sequester mRNA in a microscopically visible complex with RNA-binding proteins that mainly include cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein 1 (TIA-1 and TIAR). The proposed functions of these granules range from RNA storage to mRNA decay, depending on the cell and its environment. Until now we don't know if these granules exist in the myocardium under any condition. Accordingly, we hypothesized that RNA granules assemble in the heart in association with selective mRNAs as a mechanism to differentially regulate protein translation during myocyte growth or stress conditions. To address this, we applied immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation (IP)-qPCR approaches in cardiac myocytes exposed to growth, hypoxia, and hypoglycemic conditions...


Books come not only in all shapes, sizes and colours, but also in every language; language skills are an invaluable asset to librarianship in general and to art librarianship in particular. 'In the fields of visual arts and music foreign language study is still indispensable, because there are basic works which exist only in languages other than English. Both fields are filled with foreign language terms. In libraries aspiring to provide any depth of service in the two subject areas a general reading knowledge of German, French and/or Italian is strongly recommended'.(1) The author of this passage, a professor of library science at Columbia University, argues strongly that a reading knowledge of at least one modern language should be required of library school students intending to work in the art/music field. U may seem surprising that a plea for the linguistic competence of art librarians should be advocated by a public rather than an academic librarian, but these skills are as essential to the work of a public library department attempting to satisfy the informational hunger of a varied and sophisticated readership as they are to a larger and more scholarly library. From an immense input—publishers' and dealers' catalogues, bibliographies, readers' requests, and the books themselves—one must be able to select the foreign material relevant to the readership, whether a German book on 19th century shopping arcades, a Russian volume on goldsmith's marks, a French on clockmakers, or an Italian dictionary of architecture. In acquisitions work reading ability is useful when dealing with foreign invoices, statements, and correspondence; it is essential for classification, cataloguing, and indexing and for the use of books for reference and research purposes. At present being able to speak the language is the least of the problems, although with international conferences and visits this skill will be more in demand.


The 147-nm photolysis of SiH/sub 4/ results in the formation of H/sub 2/, Si/sub 2/H/sub 6/, Si/sub 3/H/sub 8/, and a solid hydridic silicon film. Two primary processes are involved, namely, (a) SiH/sub 4/ + hv ..-->.. SiH/sub 2/ + 2H and (b) SiH/sub 4/ + hv ..-->.. SiH/sub 3/ + H, with phi/sub a/ = 0.83 and phi/sub b/ = 0.17. The quantum yields depend on the pressure of SiH/sub 4/ but at 2 Torr are PHI(-SiH/sub 4/) = 4.4 +- 0.6, PHI(Si/sub 2/H/sub 6/) = 1.29 +- 0.08, PHI(Si/sub 3/H/sub 8/) = 0.46 +- 0.01, and PHI(Si/sub wall/) = 0.5; the quantum yield for H/sub 2/ formation were not measured. A mechanism is proposed, which incorporates the known reactions of SiH/sub 2/ and SiH/sub 3/ radicals, and is shown to be in accord with the experimental facts.


Summary . Influence of quantitativefactorsof basic quality parameters has been investigated for tabletscontainingextractofaspenbark, receivedbydirect pressingmethodand mathematicalplanningof experiment.To set the optimal composition of tablets containingaspen bark extract the proportion ofProsolv 90, Ludiflash and Polyplasdone XL 10 has been studied. The relationship between the studied factors and parameters of tablets' regression models has been described. As a result tablets containing aspen bark extractwith mentioned above formula match necessary pharmaco-technological parameters of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Introduction .Peptic and duodenal ulcer are serious problems in modern medicine. According to statistics this disease is found in 12,83 % of the adult population in Ukraine [1]. Among the remedies for treatment and prevention of peptic ulcers we can find herbal medicines that may be used in the treatment of pre-peptic conditions and during an acute period as a means of adjuvant therapy in combination with strong remedies [2]. An antacid, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and reparative actions of aspen bark extract were proved by the researches of domestic and foreign scientists [3, 4]. Previously, we researched the mutual influence of excipients on the main indicators of quality of aspen bark extract tablets obtained by direct compression method. Due to these researches the best excipientshave been selected. It is necessary to establish the optimal quantitative proportion of excipients in order to obtain the tablets with suitable parameters that satisfy the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPU) [5, 6]. Rational selection of excipients requires wide range of studies to obtain the optimal composition of the tablets containing aspen bark extract. Using mathematical planning of the experiment gives the possibility to reduce the number of experiments and to obtain the most detailed results of researches about effects of excipients on the basic parameters of tablet quality. The aim of investigation .In the previous stages of the experiment, we studied the effect of quantitative factors on pharmaco-technological parameters of tablets. To further study were selected Prosolv 90, Ludiflash and Polyplasdone XL 10.The aim of investigation was to set and study the proportion of excipients selected for developing optimal formula of tablets containing aspen bark extract. Materials and methods. The tablets based on aspen bark extract, obtained by direct compression method, have beenselected as research object. In the development of technology and tablet form,dry aspen bark extract, obtained by the Department of Pharmacognosy of the National University of Pharmacy,has been used [7]. The dry aspen bark extract is hygroscopic fine powder with particles of anizodiametric shape.Namely, from the group of samples of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) – Prosolv 90 (Silicified MCC, manufactured by JRS Pharma GMBH & Co KG., Germany), from the group structure-based substances sugars – Ludiflash (combination of mannitolCrospovidone, Povidone and polyvinyl acetate, manufactured by BASF Corp., USA) and from the group of  disintegrants – Polyplasdone XL 10 (homopolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone, manufactured by manufactured by Ashland Inc., USA). At establishment of optimal composition of the tablets based on aspen bark extract three excipientsinfluence, and also their correlation in composition of tabletshas been studied [8]. Results and discussion. The optimal formula of selected excipients has been set and their proportions in tablet dosage form at the shorter intervals have beendetermined. The study of each researched factor has been carried out according to 5 levels. As a result of studies we found the optimal number of excipients for tablet formula: Prosolv 90 – 0,054 g, Ludiflash – 0,03 g, Polyplasdone XL 10 – 0,025 g, MCC 102 – 0,0835 g, magnesium stearate – 0,0025 g in one unit of dose medication. As a result tablets of aspen bark extract with mentioned above formula have necessary pharmaco-technological parameters that meet the requirements of SPU: resistance to crushing – 130 H, abrasion – 0,04 % mass uniformity of tablets – ± 2,85%, disintegration – 6 min [9]. Conclusions Due to mathematical planning the quantitative impact of significant excipients on pharmaco-technological parameters of tablets based on aspen bark extract: Prosolv 90, LudiflashтаPolyplasdone XLhave been studied. Due to the regression analysis optimal composition of tablets based on aspen bark extract : dry aspen bark extract – 0,05 g, Prosolv 90 – 0,054 g, Ludiflash – 0,03 g, Polyplasdone XL 10 – 0,025 g, MCC 102 – 0,0835 g,Neusilin US 2 – 0,0025 g, talc –0,0025 g, magnesium stearate – 0,0025 ghas been determined. As a result tablets of aspen bark extract with mentioned above formula have necessary pharmaco-technological parameters that meet the requirements of SPU.


In a series of 906 children contacted by door-to-door survey, information was obtained on pica and environmental factors related to lead poisoning, and urine samples were analyzed. Urine was abnormal for lead and coproporphyrin in 216 of 801 children living in old housing and in 3 of 105 children of similar socioeconomic background living in a new housing project. Thirty-eight children from old housing, but none from new housing, had significant evidence of lead intoxication. A history of pica for paint, dirt, or plaster was obtained more frequently in the old housing but was not an adequate screening test for lead intoxication. Flaking paint on the inside of the home was the environmental factor most frequently associated with an abnormal urine.


The Network Access Control Protocol (NACP) is a protocol used to
encapsulate EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) messages in a UDP
(User Datagram Protocol) transport between an authenticator and peer.


To facilitate the investigation of the relation between the solar events and their terrestrial consequences, a database of solar sources responsible for disturbances in Earth's space environment has been developed. A system for management of this database is described.


Objective: The paper attempts to link the concepts of Learning Organizations and Organizations culture with Universities within a cross-cutural perspective. Methods: After a review of literature of Learning Organizations, the author provides insight of Organizational culture definitions and attempts to analyses the challenges of cross-cultural studies for those organizations. Results: The review showed that learning organizations have been successful in implanting change. Because each University has a unique profile an ad-hoc cross-cultural analysis is needed. Conclusions/Recommendations: The debate whether Universities are learning organizations is still open. Yet, in order to become accomplished learning organizations, they should take into account their cross-cultural challenges


In this paper, two main theories of ethnic groups LN Gumilev and Y. Bromley, on the basis of which contains defi nitions of ethnicity, nationality, national identity. Particular attention is paid to the notion of «tradition» and the value of spiritual and moral traditions for the development of ethnic identity.


One hundred years ago, when signing the marine insurance contract, the underwriter was not well-informed and in a disadvantageous position. As a result, the Marine Insurance Law of UK 1906 regulates a strict ex post remedy with respect to the duty of disclosure. Today it has become the most significant regulation in the jurisdiction of the marine insurance disputes, widely referred by many countries during drafting the marine or non-marine insurance laws. But with the development of the shipping industry and the insurance market, the underwriter now has much better understanding of the IoM for the business. And Marine Insurance Law 1906 is believed outdated regarding the duty of disclosure. The amendment of the related clauses has been questioned by the academia, the legislators and the shipping industry. In this paper, the authors classify the IoM into the three categories: (1) important for the underwriter only; (2) important for the policyholder only; (3) important for both parties. Based on the disclosed IoM, the underwriter uses a stochastic control model to price the premium rate. And the policyholder may provide the biased IoM information to obtain a low price. Through the analysis of the policyholder's utility before and after the ex post remedy, the weaknesses of the current marine insurance law are revealed. Some amendment suggestions are also provided in this study.


The present study aims to characterize over 31 years between 1990 and 2021 the spatio-temporal mutations experienced by four lake ecosystems in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon due to strong anthropic activities caused by the increase of the demography. Landsat satellite images from 1990, 2006 and 2021 were exploited using remote sensing and GIS. The unsupervised classification was used to obtain nine land cover and land use classes (agricultural space, forest gallery, tree savannah, shrub savannah, grassy savannah, bare soil, water surface, hydromorphic zone and housing zone). The dynamics are progressive for the agricultural space (24.40 ha at Lake Bini, 24.38 ha at Lake Dang, and 16.72 ha at Lake Mballang). On the other hand, The dynamics of the plant formations is essentially regressive for the shrubby savannahs (16.21 ha at Lake Bini, 30.56 ha at Lake Dang, 118.13 at Lake Mballang and - 9.67 ha at Lake Ngaoundaba). The water surface area decreased in the lake ecosystems of Bini (0.27 ha) and Mballang (0.04). In contrast, there was an increase in the lake ecosystems of Lake Dang (0.40 ha) and Ngaoundaba (0.21 ha). The factors of this degradation are mainly human (agriculture, overgrazing and galloping demography) and result in the fragmentation of natural habitats to the benefit of cultivated areas and purely anthropogenic housing zones. The consequences likely to result from this degradation call on the inhabitants and decision-makers to reduce human activities harmful to the environment and to restore these ecosystems.


Several low frequency radio astronomy arrays are currently under development. For example the LOFAR array (with 13,000 dipole elements) will operate in the frequency range of 20MHz-240Mhz. At these frequencies the effect of the ionosphere cannot be ignored. Due to the fact that the size of the array is larger than the size of the irregularities in the ionosphere the calibration problem is direction dependent and time varying. The most general form of this problem does not have a unique solution given a single sample covariance estimate. In this paper we explore several constraints derived from the physics of the problem which make the problem solvable.


Objective To observe the evolution law of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in patients with acute coronary syndrome after intervention therapy and the effect of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation medicine on the patients. Methods Five hundred and ninety-five cases of coronary heart disease with acute coronary syndrome after intervention operation with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were divided into treatment group( 296 cases) and control group( 299 cases) according to whether receiving the treatment of combination of supplementing Qi and blood activating Chinese medicine. The control group was given routine treatment of western medicine,while the treatment group was given Xinyue Jiaonang( 心悦胶囊) capsule 0. 6 g each time,3 times a day,and Fufang Chuanxiong Jiaonang( 复方川芎胶囊) 0. 74 g each time,3 times a day on the basis of routine treatment. Both groups were treated for 6 months and followed up for another 6 months. Scores of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and blood stasis syndrome were recorded before treatment and 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment,respectively. At the same time,the occurrence rate of the endpoint events was observed,and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between scores of blood stasis syndrome,Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and the endpoint events. Results Compared with before treatment,scores of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and blood stasis syndrome are significantly decreased in both groups in 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment( P 0. 01). Compared with those in the control group,scores of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in 1,3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment and scores of blood stasis in 3,6,9,and 12 months after treatment in the treatment group were much lower( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). Scores of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and blood stasis syndrome were positively correlated with the occurrence of the endpoint events( P 0. 001). Conclusion Chinese medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood can improve the severity of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome to achieve a low risk state of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome so as to reduce the occurrence rate of the endpoint event.


As a special controlled motor,the stepper motor is applied in various electromechanical machines.Based on TA8435H driver chip,the circuit of controlling two-phase stepper motor using the chip-microcomputer is designed and given.In this circuit,,the step motor is controlled to rotate with clockwise and counterclockwise directions,and rotate with different rate.The micro-stepping driving method of two-phase stepping motor is realized.This paper gives schematic circuit diagram and assembler instructions.It is helpful to understand the rotation and control of stepping motor with the presented circuit.


Of the 4 countries worldwide where wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission has never been interrupted, 2 are in WHO's Eastern Mediterranean Region: Afghanistan and Pakistan.1 Despite increases in the number of reported cases of WPV infection in 2006 in both countries, areas of transmission are limited and the genetic diversity of the virus has decreased. This report describes polio eradication activities in Afghanistan and Pakistan that occurred between January 2006 and February 2007.


Human thymoma is a thymic epithelial cell tumour which often contains a large number of immature T cells and is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. Since thymic epithelial cells play key roles in the development and selection of T cells in the normal thymus, we hypothesized that the neoplastic thymic epithelial cells of thymoma may support T cell differentiation in the tumour. We characterized CD4−CD8− cells in thymoma and applied an in vitro reconstitution culture system using the CD4−CD8− cells and the neoplastic epithelial cells isolated from thymoma. CD34, a stem cell marker, was expressed on 29.9 ± 12.2% of CD4−CD8− cells in thymoma. TCRγδ was expressed on 27.4 ± 15.1% of CD4−CD8− cells and CD19, a B cell marker, was expressed on 14.1 ± 23.1% of CD4−CD8− cells. CD4−CD8− cells expressed both IL‐7R α‐chain and common γ‐chain. Purified CD4−CD8− cells from thymomas were cultured with the neoplastic epithelial cells, and their differentiation into CD4+CD8+ cells via CD4 single‐positive intermediates was observed within 9 days' co‐culture in the presence of recombinant IL‐7. Furthermore, we examined the reconstitution culture using CD34+CD4−CD8− cells purified from normal infant thymus. The CD34+CD4−CD8− cells in normal thymus also differentiated to CD4+CD8+ cells in the allogeneic co‐culture with the neoplastic epithelial cells of thymoma. These results indicate that the tumour cells of thymoma retain the function of thymic epithelial cells and can induce differentiation of T cells in thymoma.


The present invention relates to a foldable loop apparatus provided with a convertible top frame 14 and the convertible top cover (12) comprising at least one roof frame (20) and at least one variable elastic tension members (31-34) having a front region will be. The present invention is characterized in that is provided, or may not be convertible top frame 14 is folded or nested are provided, the tension members (31-34) elastically deformed when folded a convertible top cover (12). The roof frame, the elastic tension member variable, a convertible top frame, the convertible top covers, folding loop device


The nonlinear dynamics model is used to describe the change of aircraft icing thickness and icing deformation accelerations is viewed as dynamic noise in this paper. Then, a dynamic prediction model of aircraft icing thickness is established with the theory of adaptive kalman filter. And the adaptive kalman filter method based aircraft icing thickness prediction model is employed to forecast aircraft ground icing thickness and compared with support vector machine, BP neural network prediction method. The result of the instance simulation and analysis indicates that the adaptive kalman filter method based aircraft icing thickness prediction posed in this paper is reliable, simple and rapid, and the model has high prediction precision which can realize real-time tracking and prediction and has definite value of both theory and practice.


This paper deals with a possible generalization of the traditional grain growth kinetic functions. A novel probabilistic model devoted to the grain growth prediction in alloys is presented. It is based on the extension of the traditional power law kinetic equation proposed by Beck. The Beck's isothermal kinetic equation is defined as D(t)=A*exp(-E/RT)*tm where D(t) is the grain size (diameter), t is the time, E is the activation energy, A is the preexponential factor, m is the time exponent, R is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature. The novel probabilistic model proposed is based on the concept of the mixture of probability density functions. In this model it is assumed that during grain growth the activation energy (E) is not constant, but its distribution is determined by the initial grain morphology of alloys. More exactly speaking, it is supposed that the activation energy is a random variable which is characterized by the probability density function g(E) of the activation energy. By using appropriately selected probability density functions, different types of generalized grain growth kinetic equations can be established. Based on computer simulations, the application of the extended grain growth kinetic models is demonstrated by examples.


The growing importance of micropropagation has led to the appearance of micropropagated material in international trade. Plant quarantine services have to decide whether this material should be handled like any other plants (phytosanitary certificate) or whether special inspection and certification systems, at source, can be developed to simplify the phytosanitary handling of this material.


We motivate a close look on the usefulness of the Gaffnian and Haffnian quasihole manifold (null spaces of the respective model Hamiltonians) for well-known gapped fractional quantum Hall (FQH) phases. The conformal invariance of these subspaces are derived explicitly from microscopic many-body states. The resultant CFT description leads to an intriguing emergent primary field with $h=2,c=0$, and we argue the quasihole manifolds are quantum mechanically well-defined and well-behaved. Focusing on the incompressible phases at $\nu=1/3$ and $\nu=2/5$, we show the low-lying excitations of the Laughlin phase are quantum fluids of Gaffnian and Haffnian quasiholes, and give a microscopic argument showing that the Haffnian model Hamiltonian is gapless against Laughlin quasielectrons. We discuss the thermal Hall conductance and shot noise measurements at $\nu=2/5$, and argue that the experimental observations can be understood from the dynamics within the Gaffnian quasihole manifold. A number of detailed predictions on these experimental measurements are proposed, and we discuss their relationships to the conventional CFT arguments and the composite fermion descriptions.


In the November, 1915, issue of the Journal of Medical Research,' Anderson and Leake briefly describe the method used at the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington, D. C., for the production of a uniformly potent toxin. The method in use at the Research Laboratory is essentially that given by Anderson and Leake with a few slight variations. As there have been many inquiries as to how we obtain our potent toxin it was thought that the details of the exact procedure might be of sufficient value to publish.


Nonionic organic contaminants such as phe- nol, benzene, and toluene from contaminated wastewater on laboratory scale can be effectively sorbed by cellulosic wood pulp sheet incorporated with three polar functional groups. The synthesis was carried out by graft copolymerization reaction of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate with methacrylic acid onto wood pulp. The preparation condi- tions at which the grafting process proceeds homogeneously are determined. Characterization and some selected proper- ties of the original and grafted wood pulp were evaluated using FTIR and scanning electron microscope, also, the re- moval of phenol, benzene, and toluene on laboratory scale was investigated by using gas chromatography. It was found that phenol shows the highest removal percent than that of benzene and toluene. The efficiency of removal of the nonionic contaminants is found to be 97%, which shows a great promise for its applicability in the removal of organic contaminates from wastewater. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3589 -3595, 2006


Describes a camera-based approach to fully automatically create 3D models of persons. A setup of sixteen digital cameras is used to capture the images of the person to be scanned. Using a monochromatic background and the shape-from-silhouette approach a 3D model is created automatically. Using the original images the models are realistically textured. In future 3D telepresence applications or multi-player games these models have to be animated using an internal skeleton structure. A principal component analysis is utilised to extract the skeleton automatically from the models. Compared to other full body scanning approaches no mechanically moving components are used which makes the system especially suitable for low cost end user applications.


This research studied total cost of production,energy consumption,and energy-consumed facilities of industrial mariculture farms in Jiaonan,Shandong.The results revealed that energy cost including coal and electricity cost took the biggest part of total cost of production,reached to(31.20±7.65) %;the ratio of energy cost to total cost in hatchery farm(36.33±6.06) % was significantly higher than that in grow-out farm(25.21±6.32)%(P0.05);Boiler consumed(92.78±4.65)% of total energy in hatchery,and seawater pump consumed(70.59±18.24)% of total electricity,which was the highest among all electrical facilities.Some farms had used energy saving facilities,including heat exchanger and pure oxygen aeration;the farm which used solar energy and recirculating aquaculture system systematically made the goal of saving energy true.Managers of industrial mariculture farms expressed their worry about on cost,stability of renewables facilities,maintenance cost,and their adaptation to special surrounding of mariculture,which should be solved for large scale utilization of renewables and energy saving facilities.


The CRM practices are adopted to generate better understanding of the customers for product development, segmentation, appropriate targeting, campaign management and maintenance of long term profitable and mutually beneficial relationships with customers. A very small proportion of its potential has been utilized. The paper investigates the successful implementation of CRM. An attempt is made to clear the benefits of Customer Relationship Management. These results were discussed and analyzed to get results about how far CRM is implemented to secure competitive advantage. A set of recommendations will be made so as to pinpoint how CRM can be used to secure competitiveness. The present level of MIS covers, information needed for control, performance monitoring, decision making. The purpose of this research is to study the comparative use of CRM in various private sector banks. Customer Relationship Management is an approach to identify the tastes and preferences of individual, every customer is viewed with his life time value, and not only for customer satisfaction but customer retention is also more important.


Simple Summary Process operators have an important monitoring role in the petrochemical industry. In the event of process disruptions and incidents, a process operator is often the first responder and takes measures to diminish the effects of an incident. Thus, a process operator can be exposed to dangerous circumstances, and therefore personal protective equipment has to be worn. In case of fire, the operator may be exposed to high heat radiation levels. Previous studies have established maximum acceptable heat radiation levels for long- (>15 min) and short-term exposures (<5 min), these being 1.0 kW/m2 and 1.5 kW/m2, respectively. These limits were based on manikin measurements and physiological models. The validation of the protection of operators' clothing in human trials is lacking. Therefore, twelve professional firefighters were exposed to three different heat radiation levels in process operators' clothing. The experiments showed that the majority of the operators can be exposed for 5 min to 1.5 kW/m2, up to 3 min to 2.0 kW/m2, while exposure to 2.5 kW/m2 or above must be avoided. Due to a slower skin temperature rise, loose-fitting protective clothing was related to longer exposure times. We speculate that additional long-armed/legged (under)clothing may offer more protection and extend the exposure time to heat radiation. Abstract During the early stage of a fire, a process operator often acts as the first responder and may be exposed to high heat radiation levels. The present limit values of long- (>15 min) and short-term exposure (<5 min), 1.0 and 1.5 kW/m2, respectively, have been set using physiological models and manikin measurements. Since human validation is essentially lacking, this study investigated whether operators' protective clothing offers sufficient protection during a short-term deployment. Twelve professional firefighters were exposed to three radiation levels (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kW/m2) when wearing certified protective clothing in front of a heat radiation panel in a climatic chamber (20 °C; 50% RH). The participants wore only briefs (male) or panties and a bra (female) and a T-shirt under the operators' clothing. Skin temperatures were continuously measured at the chest, belly, forearm, thigh, and knee. The test persons had to stop if any skin temperature reached 43 °C, at their own request, or when 5 min of exposure was reached. The experiments showed that people in operators' clothing can be safely exposed for 5 min to 1.5 kW/m2, up to 3 min to 2.0 kW/m2, and exposure to 2.5 kW/m2 or above must be avoided unless the clothing can maintain an air gap.


Informatization of specimen examination procedure is the core function of clinical laboratory information system. A standardization recommendation of basis function requirements is put forward, in which such three phases are involved as the ones of pre-examination, examination and post-examination. The items in pre -examination phase include order, charge, sampling and receipt. The items of examination phase consist of quality control, pre-analysis processing, analysis and post-analysis processing. The items of post-examination phase cover verification, report format and query. The recommendation is beneficial to the development clinical laboratory information system.


To date, spike sorting for neural processing in brain-computer interfaces has been performed using off-chip analysis or custom ASIC designs. In this paper, we propose and test the feasibility of performing on-chip, real-time spike sorting on a commercially available and programmable smartdust wireless sensor network mote since such a platform is currently the closest to an implantable chip due to its small size and similar physical and environmental constraints.


ON THE GENESIS OF MINERALIZATION IN CONCRETIONS-SEPTARIA

Summary
The author discusses with P. W. Zarickij on the subject of the genesis of mineralization in concretions-septaria. Stressing a similarity of mineralization features !he states that at various places these formations could have been formed in various way, apart from their similar appearance. Accepting a possibility of various provenance of minerals in various areas, he is of an opinion that such a presumption coincides with that such P. W. Zawarickij. To the end of his paper the author discusses several difficulties in explaining certain questions arising after acceptance of diagenetical hypothesis. To explain the problem under consideration he discusses some features of mineralization at Łeczyca, talking into account 9 characteristic features.


Edge detection is an important element in image processing, since edges detection is to identify the boundaries of homogeneous regions in an image based on properties such as intensity and texture. Many edge detection algorithms have been developed based on computation of the intensity gradient vector, which, in general, is sensitive to noise in the image. In order to suppress the noise, the operator based on fuzzy technique is introduced. This paper uses a very simple but efficient fuzzy logic based algorithm to detect the edges of an input image by scanning it throughout using a 2x2 pixel window and 3x3 window .The results of the implemented algorithm have been compared with the standard edge detection algorithm such as 'Sobel', 'Prewitt'. . Keywords-Fuzzy logic, Edge detection, digital image processing, feature extraction, electronic vision, computer vision, comparison


Listeria monocytogenes, an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-positive bacillus, can be readily isolated from soil, dust, fertilizer, sewage, stream water, plants, and even processed foods stored at 4°C. The organism is also present in the intestinal tract of numerous mammals, birds, fish, and crustaceans. Recent epidemiologic studies provide strong evidence that both sporadic and common-source outbreaks of listeriosis are foodborne.1,2 Despite the pervasiveness of L. monocytogenes in the environment, the annual incidence of listeriosis is only 0.7 case per 100,000. However, the annual rate of infection is 3 times higher among persons over the age of 70 years . . .


Depletion analyses and nanometer-scale mapping of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins reveal how these proteins are integrated within the substructure of the kinetochore.


Introduction Recent studies showed that stress and anxiety increased during the Covid-19 pandemic (Bäuerle et al., 2020; Salari et al., 2020). It is important to identify factors which are related to this increase. Objectives In present study we investigated how perceived value threat of Covid-19 is related to anxiety and depression symptoms in April – May 2020 during the lockdown in Russia. Methods Three hundred and four participants were recruited online (Mage=33.18, SD=13.33, 108 males, 194 females). Participants completed the Short Schwartz's Value Survey (SSVS; Lindeman & Verkasalo, 2010). They were next asked to rate how likely their values could be threatened because of the Covid-19. They also completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996). Results A multiple linear regression model was built to assess how own values and values threatened by Covid-19 explain state anxiety during the lockdown. Threat to openness values was positively related to state anxiety (b=1.07, SE=.49, β=.13, p=.032). Threat to conservation values was only marginally related to state anxiety (b=1.03, SE=.58, β=.13, p=.074). The effects of self-enhancement and self-transcendence values were not significant. Conclusions When Covid-19 is perceived as a threat to openness to change values – hedonism, stimulation and self-direction – people experience higher level of anxiety symptoms. Interestingly, perceived threat of Covid-19 to security, conformity and tradition was only marginally related to anxiety. Future studies might explore how encouraging people to fulfill their openness to change values in a safe mode might decrease the level of anxiety.


Purpose To determine the structure–function relationship between cluster mean defect (MD) offered by standard automated perimetry and corresponding sector peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Method 39 healthy eyes (control group), 43 early POAG eyes (global MD ≤ 6 dB, early group), 30 moderate POAG eyes (global MD between 6 and 12 dB, moderate group), and 53 advanced POAG eyes (global MD > 12 dB, advanced group) underwent visual field (VF) examination with Octopus perimeter (dynamic strategy/G2 pattern) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements with RTVue-100 FD-OCT. Spearman analysis was used to investigate the correlation between cluster MDs provided by Octopus perimeter and corresponding sector pRNFLT for the total sample and each subgroup, respectively. Then, linear (y = a+ bx) and curvilinear (quadratic, y = a+bx + cx2) regression analyses were employed to investigate the model for the cluster MD-sector pRNFLT pair with significant correlation. The strength of the relationship was characterized with correlation coefficient (ρ) and coefficient of determination (R2). For the cluster–sector pair that could be fitted by both models, Wilcoxon signed rank test of absolute residuals was used to compare the goodness of fit. Results Correlation between cluster MDs and corresponding sector pRNFLT was significant for all clusters in the total sample (ρ values: −0.572 to 0.832, P < 0.001) and in the POAG group (ρ values: −0.551 to −0.777, P < 0.001). The highest ρ values were found for cluster-sector pair 9 and pair 3, respectively. The curvilinear (quadratic) model provided better fit for all 10 cluster-sector pairs in the total sample (R2 values: 0.431–0.687, P < 0.001) and in the POAG group (R2 values: 0.364–0.594, P < 0.01). The highest R2 values were found also for cluster–sector pair 9 and pair 3, respectively. In the control group, no significant correlation was found for any cluster–sector pair (P > 0.01). In the early group, correlation was significant for cluster–sector pairs 3, 8, and 9 (ρ values: −0.449, −0.627, and −0.815, resp., P < 0.01). In the moderate group, correlation was significant for pairs 2, 3, 8, and 9 (ρ values: −0.703, −0.556, −0.680, and −0.637, resp., P < 0.01). In the advanced group, correlation was significant (P < 0.01) for all 10 pairs (ρ values: −0.395 to −0.699, P < 0.001) except for pairs 2, 3, and 8, and the highest ρ value was found for pair 1. For all cluster–sector pairs with significant correlation in the early, moderate, and advanced groups, only linear model could be fitted (P < 0.01), except for pair 9 in the early group and pair 5 in the advanced group. Conclusions Cluster MD of the Octopus visual field showed significant moderate-to-strong negative correlation and curvilinear (quadratic) relationship with the corresponding sector pRNFLT for POAG. This type of regional structure–function relationship varied according to the severity of POAG, and at each stage, the significantly correlated cluster–sector pairs mainly showed linear relationship. The results could provide guidance for better utilization of this regional structure–function method in the management of different stages of POAG.


Respiratory motion induces discrepancy between the expected tumor positions used in treatment planning and the actual positions during treatment delivery. Such motion degrades greatly the effectiveness of the radiation treatment. To address this challenge, we have proposed an online treatment failure detection approach with image guidance. Tumor motion is tracked in real-time during treatment delivery and compared to the baseline motion used in treatment planning. Tracking errors are recovered online with subdivided subsequence correlation. A stop-n-wait dose delivery procedure is applied to minimize treatment errors. Two approaches have been developed to address baseline shift in tumor motion. The performances are evaluated using three different metrics: the misplacement of the tumor, the treatment efficacy, and the intervention frequency. The results showed that the new approaches will reduce treatment errors, improve dose delivery efficiency, and reduce treatment interventions. This study has the potential to be employed in clinical practice thus improving radiation outcome.


INTRODUCTION Human-computer activity permeates a great part of society today in one form or another. This activity is generally partitioned into interfaces and applications, and at a higher level, into human and artificial (computer) functions. The interface is the mediator between human requests and the actions of the computer. Attempts to design humancomputer interfaces make computers more accessible to humans by providing more meaningful and efficient interactions. For much of their history, computers have been capable of presenting only textual and numeric data to users, while users interacted in the same medium via keyboards. Recent advances in computing power and display screen technology have resulted in Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs). These interfaces provide conceptual schemes for innovative graphical representations of the computer's horizon to the user. Although sophisticated character based interfaces permit multi-tasking and access to multiple sources of information, many computer users find that GUIs offer an additional benefit the seemingly "intuitive" metaphor for direct manipulation of objects.


Is the Didjeridu for You? Looking for an interesting multicultural project for the music classroom? The didjeridu, an instrument used by Australian Aborigines, may be just what you're looking for. In the Winter 2003 issue of General Music Today, Bryan Bickel's article, "The Didjeridu: Dreamtime Music," gives instructions for building a didjeridu from PVC piping and beeswax. Bickel also discusses why making a didjeridu is a good project, gives instructions for playing it, provides ideas for using it in the classroom, and supplies a list of resources, mostly online, for additional information. It's All in the Delivery What affects your students' perception of your effectiveness as a teacher? Katia Madsen, author of a study in the Spring 2003 Journal of Research in Music Education, looked at how accu-


To provide a toilet apparatus and a game apparatus capable of properly or flexibly determine completion of urination. A human sensor 21 for detecting the A user, a urine detection sensor 25 for detecting the urine has information output device 44 and 45 for outputting information, the detection of the urine by the urine detection sensor 25 in response, the toilet apparatus and a game apparatus for executing a game is provided by outputting a game information in the information output device 44, 45. The urine detection sensor 25 over the measuring preparation time until detection of urinary human sensor 21 from detecting the user to adjust the determination time according to the preparation time, the urine detection sensor 25 detects urine when you do not state continues for a determined time to end the game. .FIELD 1


To realize the benefits of low latency with 5G, edge data centers will need to be deployed on a large scale which will in turn increase deployment and operational cost. Network Functions (NF)s and new applications such as those under development for automotive, healthcare or Internet of Things (IoT) must execute as close to the end users as possible to achieve the optimal low latency goals required by different use cases. This paper will describe the challenges, define the metrics, and capabilities with 5G and will propose mechanisms to optimize resource pooling and site selection for collection of distributed datacenters.


In this paper we aim to automatically identify subjects, which are not expressed but nevertheless understood in Czech sentences. Our system uses the maximum entropy method to identify different types of unstated subjects and the system has been trained and tested on the Prague Dependency Treebank 2.0. The results of our experiments bring out further consideration over the suitability of the chosen corpus for our task.


The intergranular stress corrosion cracking(SCC) problem in steel shells on hightemperature blast furnace stoves was investigated in this paper. The SCC behaviour of low alloy steel in nitrate aqueous solution was explored. The effects of temperature, medium concentration,potential and molybdenum element on corrosion types and their intensities were determined. The temperature-concentration-potential-SCC diagram and the temperature-Mo content-SCC diagram were proposed relevantly. The down critical potential and susceptibility zone to SCC for this system were ascertained. Apotential oscillation phenomenon was found and discussed. According to theinvestigation results,a SCC resistant,Mo-containing low alloy steel was developed.


Abstract In embryonic development of the vertebrate head, neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme contributes to a wide range of tissue types including oro-pharyngeal and ethmoidal cartilages. The evolution of the jaw, therefore, can be viewed as a change of developmental program for specification of the crest cells. Along the anteroposterior axis of the neural crest of amniote embryos, a series of homeobox genes are expressed in a nested pattern, and the jaw-forming mandibular arch receives crest cells expressing no Hox genes and midbrain-derived crest cells that express Otx2. Cognates of these regulatory genes are present in the lamprey, and are expressed in the comparable cell lineages of the embryo. Evolution of the jaw cannot be explained from such shared developmental mechanisms, but rather noncomparable elements have to be sought, if the jaw is truly an evolutionary novelty. By precise comparative morphology and gene expression analyses, a possibility was inferred that ammocoete lips may not be identical to gnathostome jaws.


Through the studies of the Set Theory, the cardinality of the infinite sets is classified according to their enumerability, thus making the importance of the theme remarkable. Therefore, in this work, the enumerability of the Set of Algebraic Numbers will be approached, through studies that were carried out as part of the scientific initiation project linked as activities of the group PET Connections of Knowledge Mathematics at UFMS, Campus of Três Lagoas. The concepts defined for the study of the AlgebraicNumbers Set will be conceptualized, exposing their definitions and properties, with examples and accounts of their theorems. This work, besides aiming to deepen the studies on the theme, also aims, in the presentation of the same, a way to make its understanding more accessible. In this way, it is found in the results of this research the exposure of basic concepts about the enumerability of sets, which facilitate the understanding of the most complex counts of the propositions that follow.


THERE is a persistent belief that some rendering of Euclid's Elements existed in England before the celebrated versions of Adelard of Bath.' If by this is meant some truncated Latin version, such as that attributed to Boethius, or fragments such as those in the encyclopedic works of Macrobius, Martianus Capella, Cassiodorus, St. Isiodore, and Bede, then the belief has some justification,' since all of these works circulated in England. But if it is meant that some English scholar, and particularly Alfred the Great, prepared a translation or a commentary as early as the tenth century, we must, I contend in this article, decide in the negative. In the first place some well-known English verses found in British Museum Royal MS I 7A, ff. 2v-3r initiated a discussion of the possibility of an early English version of Euclid; but these verses have been adequately explained by Miss F. A. Yeldham as referring more to masonry than to geometry,3 and they certainly give no real evidence of an English version of Euclid, and no more need be said here about that version. But so far as I know, no one has examined critically the claim by Edgar J6rg of having found a mixed Boethius and Alfred Latin commentary in MS fondo antico 332 of the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana in Venice.4 Such an examination is the purpose of this article. Now it is J6rg's contention that MS. f.a. 332 contains a long fragment of a commentary by Alfred, extending from Book I, proposition i to Book IV, proposition 5 of the Elements. He believes that the manuscript also contains a complete version of Boethius' rendering of Euclid. These claims, if they can be supported, are revolutionary, since before the J6rg pamphlet there existed no verifiable trace of an Alfred commentary and there remained from the Boethius translation in other manuscripts only the enunciations of propositions from Books I-IV, the proofs of propositions 1.II-.3, and the definitions of Book V.5 It is true that Jorg was not the first to make these claims. He was in fact led to them, as he tells us, by the prior assertions of Regiomontanus, who in the


This article has been adapted from a paper presented by the authors to the WHO (World Health Organization) Programme Advisory Group on Prevention of Blindness. The article, by focusing on representative countries, reports on low vision needs and services around the world.


Recently,a well-preserved carbonate-derived Mesoproterozoic ancient weathering crust is identified at the boundary( ~ 1 400 Ma) between the Tieling Formation and the Xiamaling Formation at the Zishikou section,Laishui County,Hebei Province. Based on the field observation and analyses of petrology and mineralogy,it can be referred that this ancient weathering crust is mainly composed of limonite-bearing ferric mudstone and illite claystone. Compared with element contents of the Upper Continental Crust,Al2O3,TiO2,Fe2O3, K2O in the ancient weathering crust have obvious and different enrichments,SiO2is leached slightly and CaO, MgO,Na2O are leached seriously,trace elements,including Sc,Cu,Ga,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta,In,Th,Li,V, Zn,Rb,Cs,W,Pb,U,Mo,Bi,are unchanged or moderately enriched,but Cr,Sr,Cd are leached,REE are enriched and fractionated. Ce shows positive anomaly and Eu shows negative anomaly. All leaching and enrichment features,including that of U / Th,Fe3 +/ Fe2 +,abnormality of Ce,variations of CIA and BA indexes, indicate that this ancient weathering crust should be formed under the oxidizing,moderate to strong degree of weathering conditions. Consequently,all analyses suggest that the north part of the North China Craton shouldbe a warm and humid tropical to subtropical climate environment at the transitional time between the Calymmian Period( 1 600 ~ 1400 Ma) and the Ectasian Period( 1 400 ~ 1 200 Ma) of the Mesoproterozoic Era.


Objective To investigate the effect of post-discharge formula(PDF)to preterm and low-birth-weight infants. Methods A total of 59 preterm and low-birth-weight infants discharged from The NICU of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were chosen for this study.According to feeding pattern,they were assigned to two groups:breast milk(BM)+PFT-fed(group Ⅰ,n=29),PDF-fed(group Ⅱ,n=30).Their body weight,length and head circumference and so on were measured for 6months after hospital.These indices were calculated and compared respectively on every month after feeding. Results There were no significant differences on gender,gestational age and birth weight between groupⅠ and groupⅡ(P0.05).There were no difference on body weight and Kaupindex until the end of 3rd month(P0.05),and the growth of the groupⅡ was faster than that of groupⅠ.There was no difference on length until the end of 4rd month(P0.05),and the growth of groupⅡ was faster than that of groupⅠ.Group Ⅱhad a greater head circumference than groupⅠ after the fifth month(P0.05).And at the fifth and sixth month,the Hemoglobin value also showed diference between two groups(P0.05).There were no differences on Ca,P,alkline phosphatase(AKP)after feeding. Conclusions Compared with those fed with BM+PTF after hospital,feeding with PDF can help to achieve catch-up growth.Feeding with PDF may be better than those fed with BM+PTF.


This paper presents a reflection on the integration of sociology and social work into a degree programme offered by the Faculty of Sociology of Sapienza University of Rome. In particular, it explores the experience of designing the course (in accordance with the provisions contained in Ministerial Decree No. 509 of 3 November 1999 to Ministerial Decree No. 270 of 22 October 2004) and the training pathway for both social workers and sociologists (and other social policy experts). The underlying vision is a perspective of social work that emphasises many sources of knowledge and the formalization of in-field experience.


......... ....................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ... ................................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ........................................................................................ ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER


The invention provides 7-azaindole and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly performing aldolization reaction on 2-nitro-3-picoline and N,N-dialkyl formamide dioxane so as to obtain 2-nitro-3-dialkylamino vinylpyridine; performing a hybrid reaction on 2-nitro-3-dialkylamino vinylpyridine, sodium sulphide and an accelerator DM so as to obtain 2-amino-3-dialkylamino vinylpyridine; causing 2-amino-3-dialkylamino vinylpyridine, a catalyst and D-glucose to react so as to obtain 7-azaindole. The 7-azaindole prepared by the preparation method is high in purity and yield; the solvent adopted in the preparation method is low in volatility; the catalyst and a reducing agent are environment-friendly materials and are environmental friendly.


The touch screens of recent years are used in variety of purposes, since it can implement a switch to the software that can control easily and cheaply as well as present visual images at the same time. Traditional switch had physical shape and tactile feel, which made it possible to find and operate by touch, but with touch screen type switch, the texture would be uniform all over like the surface of a glass, so in order to operate the switch, one has to gaze at the image. This presents a huge obstacle to visually impaired or aged persons who cannot easily access visual information. On the other hand, the technology to bring about virtual reality with haptic feedback is beginning to be noticed, and touch screens with haptic feedback functions are gradually becoming viable. So in this paper, based on the assumption that in the coming days securing accessibility will be achieved by using haptic perception, human's virtual haptic information differentiation accuracy and memory will be examined, using touch screens with haptic feedback function. The main focus will be on the result of fundamental study carried out with visually impaired persons.


An effective supervising mechanism for teaching and research is estab-lished to make the teachers put their teaching practices in the teaching research work so that we can see how well they teach and by what means they will improve their teaching, whereby teaching research will be developed from an individual activity to the whole. Consequently teaching quality will be improved and the all-round development education promoted as well.


We study a new K → ππ decay channel with gluons in intermediate state which is normally neglected within the factorization framework. Both short-distance and long-distance parts of the amplitude are calculated. The chiral Lagrangian approach is used for obtaining the long-distance contribution. The nonperturbative contribution gives an additional enhancement to K → ππ decay amplitude with ∆I = 1/2. A sizable violation of factorization in the p 4 order of chiral perturbation theory is found.


A 24–28-GHz two-stage GaN Doherty power amplifier (PA) is designed and characterized. At millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, the low output impedance of the auxiliary transistor loads the Doherty combining network, which lowers the power added efficiency (PAE) in back-off. In this design, a small periphery auxiliary transistor is used to increase the output impedance of the auxiliary transistor. The periphery ratio of the auxiliary and the main transistors is 77%. Even though, compared to symmetric Doherty PAs, the load modulation of the main transistor is reduced, this amplifier still achieves 32% and 23% PAE at 6 and 9-dB output power back-off, respectively. Attributing to the small auxiliary transistor, the amplifier obtains a small signal gain of 19 dB. The maximum output power of the amplifier is 4 W with a peak PAE of 42%.


Quantum chemical DFT-B3LYP/6-31G method and IR spectrometry have been used to investigate the natural and binding structures of Huperzine B (HupB) in order to better understand the interaction nature between acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitor, with the view of designing new AChE inhibitors. The predicted and experimental results reveal that both the natural state and binding form of HupB adopt the chair conformation. Furthermore, the B3LYP/6-31G results suggest that structure S1 should be the dominant form of the two possible chair structures (S1 and S2, Fig. 2). The calculated results also show that the condensed ring structure composing of rings A, B and C is very rigid. Therefore, its flexibility does not need to be considered when we try to dock this structure to its target. Indeed, this supposition is conrmed by the excellent alignment of the binding structure produced from our recent X-ray crystallographic structure of the HupB-AChE complex with the B3LYP/6-31G predicted geometry. Among all the 111 predicted vibrational bands, the mode 110, which is resulted from the stretching of the bond N2{H and having the second highest frequency, is essential for the geometrical identication. The dierence between our predicted strongest absorption band and experimental IR spectrum suggests


In this paper, we present a Multi-Colony Diploid Genetic Algorithm (MCDGA) for Flexible Job-Scheduling Problem (FJSP), a simulation model is presented to solve the FJSP. The proposed model has been coded by Matlab which is a special mathematical computation language. After modeling the pending problem, the model is validated by a representative instances based on practical data. The result obtained from the computational study has shown that the proposed approach is a feasible and effective approach for the FJSP.


Foreseeing a component based automation system architecture in the future, AutomationML consortium is developing a meta-model named AMLComponentMetamodel. The AMLComponentMetamodel defines different entities for modeling mechatronic aspects of an automation component in AutomationML. However, providing a methodology for using AMLComponentMetamodel for component oriented automation system engineering is beyond the scope of the AMLComponentMetamodel. We propose a novel methodology and modeling means for planning and engineering component based automation systems in AutomationML. A tool implementation demonstrate the use case of the presented methodology and modeling means. The discussion shows that our approach brings substantial improvement to the state of the art engineering process and simplifies the component based automation system engineering.


The article describes the process of organizing the teamwork at the educational institution by the education manager, in order to ensure the rapid and effective functioning and developing the educational institutions of higher education.


Guidelines for Culturally Informed Interventions: Culture, Attributions and Continuity of Care by Chung Mu Seo Doctor of Psychology, Graduate Program in Psychology Loma Linda University, September 2011 Dr. Hector Betancourt, Chairperson Although early detection can improve survival of breast and cervical cancer, U.S. Latinas are more likely to be diagnosed at later stages of cancer and have poorer survival rates compared to Anglo women. Poorer continuity of care and adherence to recommended screening are seen as contributing factors to this disparity. Existing interventions have tried to reduce human, system, and culture barriers. However, they lacked a systemic guidance in the process of identifying cultural factors and the pathways in which they affect the specific behavior of interest through psychological processes in a minority population. Guided by Betancourt's integrative model of culture, psychology, and behavior, the current project proposes guidelines to facilitate studies that are theoretically and methodologically sound in making unbiased discoveries and scientific assessment. A further purpose of these guidelines is to design well-informed interventions that can be evaluated and improved. An illustrative process is also presented in which a specific cultural factor (negative beliefs about healthcare professionals) and psychological processes (attribution of negative healthcare interaction and related emotions) are identified as determinants of emotion and behavior. This process leads to a more focused intervention strategy using patient education and attribution retraining components.


Protein-peptide binding interactions play an important role in cellular regulation and are functionally important in many diseases. If no prior knowledge of the location of a binding site is available, prediction may be needed as a starting point for further modeling or docking. Existing approaches to prediction either require a sequence of the peptide to be already known or offer an unsatisfactory predictive performance. Here we propose P2Rank-Pept, a new machine learning based method for prediction of peptide-binding sites from protein structure. We show that our method significantly outperforms other evaluated methods, including the most recent structure based prediction method SPRINT-Str published last year (AUC: $0.85 > 0.78$). P2Rank-Pept utilizes local structural and sequence information, including evolutionary conservation, and builds a prediction model based on a Random Forest classifier. The novelty of our approach lies in using points on the solvent accessible surface as a unit of classification (as opposed to the typical approach of focusing on amino acid residues), and in the application of the robust technique of Bayesian optimization to systematically optimize arbitrary parameters of the algorithm. Our results assert that P2Rank software package is a viable framework for developing top-performing binding-site prediction methods for different types of binding partners.


PURPOSE: To obtain an adaptive noise reducing circuit for a sound reproducing device. CONSTITUTION: This is a noise reducing circuit 10 used for a hearing aid which is provided with an adaptive filter 18 for generating a signal being the evaluation of noise components existing in an input signal. This circuit 10 includes a second filter 32 which accepts the noise evaluation signal, and corrects it as the function of the selection of a user or the function of a estimated noise environment. This circuit 10 also includes a gain controller 36 which adjusts the size of the corrected noise evaluation signal, and adjusts the size of the response of the circuit 10. This circuit also includes a signal synthesizer 42 which synthesizes the input signal with the adjusted noise evaluation signal, and generates a noise reduction output signal.


Results are presented of numerical integrations over billion year time scales of the orbital evolution of more than one thousand test particles on initially low-inclination, low-eccentricity orbits within the proposed Kuiper belt beyond Neptune. Particles which eventually crossed Neptune's orbit often showed long periods (up to several billion years) of relatively low-eccentricity oscillations punctuated by a very rapid jump to Neptune-crossing eccentricity. This flux may be the ultimate source of present-day short-period comets. It is found here that there exists a correlation between Lyapunov and crossing times in the Kuiper belt


Because of the fact that human capital is among the one of the most important resources, it is necessary to understand better and pay attention to human more. Missing out this mentioned situation is the underlying factor of problems encountered in businesses. In this study, the term "mobbing" derived from the relations of people behaviours that are the main concern of neo-classical approach has been tried to be explained and the effects of this concept which is translated into our language as physchological violence with its details have been tried to be revealed. According to the results of this study in which the employees of accommodation businesses operating in Antalya were targeted, it has been understood that employees are not exposed to mobbing and there is not any difference in terms of demographical structure.


The categories of civil society are not extraneous to the Polish events. The participants themselves and their Western collaborators have characterized their struggle in terms of society against the state. "The state has not been able to successfully dissolve civil society," writes Smolar in the preface to a volume of writings by Polish dissidents. "The texts … are manifestations of the existence and vitality of civil society in a country ruled by a communist party." As Kuron put it, "Society organizes itself as a democratic movement and becomes active outside the limits of the institutions of the totalitarian state." KOR (an acronym for Workers' Defense Committee) is renamed KSS-KOR (Social Self-Defense Committee-KOR) to indicate its support of all initiatives for both interest representation and the defense of civil rights.


The sub-seabed disposal (SSD) of high level radioactive waste (HLRW) program achieved considerable success in identifying promising ocean floor sites that could, with proper engineering and scientific evaluation, be technically feasible. The program also conducted a suite of preliminary scientific baseline studies that would inform both modeling and subsequent in situ experiments. A renewed interest in SSD options is especially relevant in light of significant technological and engineering advances in methods for understanding deep-ocean chemical and biological processes, geophysical monitoring, seafloor instrumentation, deep-ocean drilling and ocean floor observatories. This chapter presents summary of historical data related to science programs involved in SSD up until 1987, key research that remains to be accomplished and how 21st century oceanographic techniques and seafloor observatory programs provide significant opportunities for testing viability of SSD for HLRW. The synergy and links between technology development and social change will continue well into this century and beyond. Keywords: high level radioactive waste (HLRW); in situ experiments; oceanographic techniques; sub-seabed disposal (SSD)


PMSM vector control system is widely used in servo systems and speed regulating systems. In this paper, the application problems of PMSM vector control system are discussed. The AC parameters in the three-phase static coordinate are transformed into DC value in the two-phase rotated coordinate by coordinating transformations. The control process is simplified. The PMSM is virtualized as a separately excited DC motor using the control method of id = 0. Six PWM signals are generated to control IPM module using SVPWM algorithm. Finally, the PMSM vector control system is realized, which is composed of TMS320F2812, photo-electricity encoder, hall current sensors and IPM module. It is demonstrated that the system has a good dynamic performance and steady-state precision.


A low-noise preamplifier for electromyographic applications is presented. The design features modifiable gain and bandpass characteristics, driven input shielding for high common-mode rejection, and integral optical isolation for participant safety.


The invention relates to a multi-articulated crank mechanism (10) for an internal combustion engine (1) having a crankshaft (2) and several, in cylinders reciprocating piston (3), (having a plurality of rotatably mounted on the crankshaft (2) mounted coupling members 11) respectively (by a Kolbenpleuel 4) are hingedly connected to one of the pistons (3) and by an articulation connecting rod (20) is articulated to an eccentric (24) on a control shaft (8). In order to reduce the twisting of the eccentric (24) counteracting moments and also the size and the energy consumption of a control shaft actuator, the invention proposes that by an axial movement of the control shaft (8) a part of the eccentric (24) having a first rotational direction and a another part of the eccentric (24) rotatably connected to an opposite to the first direction of rotation direction of rotation.


We present a cascaded control architecture for a Yamaha RMAX robotic helicopter. The controller is composed of an inner-loop that stabilizes the unstable poles of the helicopter's linear dynamic model; and an outer-loop that decouples the dynamics of the lateral, longitudinal, vertical, and heading axes and enables trajectory tracking. Actual flight results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the method. A discussion on the method's limitations and our plans on how to overcome them are also presented.


Many smallholder farm systems in Uganda produce coffee as an important cash crop. Yet coffee yields are poor. To increase farmers' production, a range of agronomic practices have been recommended by national and international agencies, but the adoption potential of recommendations differ between farm systems. To understand the differences in adoption potential of recommended coffee management practices in Uganda, we provide a typology of farm systems with coffee, assess the diversity between the farm types, and evaluate the current use of existing management recommendations for each farm type. Through factor analysis and cluster analysis of farms producing coffee, we identified five farm types: large coffee farms, farms with offfarm activities, coffee-dependent farms, diversified farms, and banana-coffee farms. The farm types are based on differences in size, and in the relative contributions of coffee, banana and off-farm labour to total household income. They also differ in the availability of the resources labour, land and cash, in coffee production and revenue, and in current use of most recommended practices. Qualitative analysis indicates that farm types have different constraints and opportunities to adopt recommendations. Our results highlight that an analysis of different farm systems with coffee production, a level beyond the 'coffee farmer community' as a homogenous entity, is important in order to understand the scope for success or failure of recommended practices. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 1 Short title: Diversity in farm systems with coffee in Uganda 1 2 Full title: Influence of the diversity in farms growing coffee on the use of recommended coffee management 3 practices in Uganda 4 5 6 Authors: Ghislaine Bongers, Luuk Fleskens, Gerrie van de Ven, David Mukasa, Ken Giller and Piet van Asten 7 8 a International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda 9 b Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AK, Box 430, Wageningen, The Netherlands 10 c Sustainable Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom 11 d Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA, Box 47, Wageningen, The 12 Netherlands 13 14 Corresponding author: Ghislaine Bongers, email@example.com/ firstname.lastname@example.com 15 16 Summary 17 Many smallholder farm systems in Uganda produce coffee as an important cash crop. Yet coffee yields are poor. To 18 increase farmers' production, a range of agronomic practices have been recommended by national and international 19 agencies, but the adoption potential of recommendations differ between farm systems. To understand the differences 20 in adoption potential of recommended coffee management practices in Uganda, we provide a typology of farm 21 systems with coffee, assess the diversity between the farm types, and evaluate the current use of existing 22 management recommendations for each farm type. Through factor analysis and cluster analysis of farms producing 23 coffee, we identified five farm types: large coffee farms, farms with off-farm activities, coffee-dependent farms, 24 diversified farms, and banana-coffee farms. The farm types are based on differences in size, and in the relative 25 contributions of coffee, banana and off-farm labour to total household income. They also differ in the availability of 26 the resources labour, land and cash, in coffee production and revenue, and in current use of most recommended 27 practices. Qualitative analysis indicates that farm types have different constraints and opportunities to adopt 28 recommendations. Our results highlight that an analysis of different farm systems with coffee production, a level 29 beyond the 'coffee farmer community' as a homogenous entity, is important in order to understand the scope for 30 success or failure of recommended practices. 31 32 Key-words: typology, agricultural development, adoption potential, farm systems 33 34 Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Manuscript Experimental Agriculture Bongers et al.doc


Abstract Fracture and deformation processes at 4.2 K of titanium and 0.3C-20Cr-16Ni-IN-6Mn steel under cyclic loading with a constant amplitude of stresses are studied. The cyclic tests of 1Hz frequency are compared with a tension of samples deformed with a constant rate of 3 mm/min. It is shown that slow and rapid loading deformation is unstable and propagates in bands inclined to the axis by the angle 50°-55°. The fracture surfaces has the same position. Investigations of the deformation kinetics at cyclic loading demonstrate the connection of fracture with processes of accumulation of local distortions and dissipation of the energy of deformations which are characterized by the shift of the deformation hysteresis loop with cycling and by the change of the loop area.


The rates of nutrient release were investigated during the Castanopsiskawakamii (Hayata) leaf, branch, and bark litter decomposition processes over a 360-day period within five different size classes of forest gaps that comprise a gap size gradient. Five different size classes of gaps were gap 1, under the closed canopy of pure C. kawakamii vegetation; gap 2, small gaps with a diameter of less than 5 m; gap 3, small to intermediate gaps with a diameter of 5–15 m; gap 4, intermediate to large gaps with a diameter of 15–30 m; gap 5, large gaps with a diameter of bigger than 30 m. After 360 days, decomposing plant litter under canopy condition or small gaps lost weight more rapidly than those in large gaps. Loss of K was highest among all nutrients measured for all three types of litter in all five size classes of gaps. Net immobilization of N and P occurred for all three types of litter in the first 2 or 4 months. Litter residue concentrations of N and P then declined until the end of this study, decreasing...


The natural history and factors affecting the progression of nephropathy in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are poorly understood. The hypothesis that glomerular filtration declines at a similar rate in NIDDM and IDDM was examined in a cohort of 87 subjects (55 NIDDM and 32 IDDM). The rate of decline of calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) {Cockcroft-Gault} was significantly slower in IDDM compared to NIDDM (0.29 vs 0.43 ml.min. 'month"1 p<0.05), in subjects with a baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of < 80 ml.min"1 followed for a median of 6.4 years. The rate of decline of GFR was more rapid in Caucasian than in Afro-Caribbean NIDDM subjects. For all individuals, 24-hour protein excretion proved the most significant variable associated with the decline of GFR. Together with diastolic blood pressure these factors accounted for 34% of the variation of the data. For the NIDDM group, blood pressure treatment at the outset replaced diastolic blood pressure as a significant associate of decline of GFR. The effect of percutaneous renal artery angioplasty was evaluated in nine subjects with NIDDM, nephropathy and renal artery stenosis to determine if this procedure influences the progression of nephropathy. No benefit was demonstrated. Twenty-six NIDDM individuals from the above cohort were prospectively studied over a two-year period. The rate of decline of GFR was 0.48 ml.min.'month"'. Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and 24-hour protein were all associated with GFR decline, with 38% of the variation in the data accounted for by the first two factors. EDTA clearance was compared to calculated GFR and creatinine clearance for 72 patient episodes to determine the clinical value of these surrogate markers of GFR in NIDDM subjects. Calculated GFR underestimated true GFR by 4%, on average, with significant differences for the Afro-Caribbean, but not the Caucasian or Asian, group. A reliable non-invasive marker of disease progression would be valuable in established nephropathy. Serum and urine type IV collagen and, using a novel assay, mixed laminin fragments (MLF) were compared in 55 subjects with diabetic nephropathy, 33 control diabetic subjects and 42 normal control subjects. The


Oxytocin, which is produced in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus, is released in to circulation from magnocellular neurons which extend down to the posterior pituitary. In addition, oxytocin is produced and released from parvocellular neurons in the PVN, which project to many areas within the brain such as other parts of the hypothalamus, the amygdala , the striatum, the raphenuclei, the LC, the vagal motor and sensory nuclei, the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as well as the preganglionic sympathetic neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord . The structure of the nonapeptide oxytocin differs by only two amino acids from that of vasopressin, which is produced in separate neurons of the PVN and SON. Only one oxytocin receptor, i.e. the uterine type of receptor, has been identified. This type of receptor also has been demonstrated in the central nervous system. Oxytocin release into the nervous system during the early postpartum period may strengthen the expression of maternal behaviors and prolong breastfeeding. Comparisons between woman following vaginal delivery (VD) versus caesarean section (CS) suggest that exposure to oxytocin during labor and in the postpartal period can influence the subsequent function of oxytocin-producing neurons during the lactation period. In the Mathematical model, both the cases are compared by finding the Renewal density and Failure Density functions. Renewal density is higher if we compare the caesarean case with vaginal delivery during the labor and in the early post partum period. In a similar manner, we obtain the bounds of the failure density functions in both the cases. MATHEMATICAL SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 60GXX, 60E05.


Background: Previous studies have demonstrated inadequate patient knowledge about basic aspects of warfarin therapy, leading to nonadherence. Patients may not receive adequate education because of time constraints, lack of availability of resources, or other patient variables beyond the control of healthcare providers, such as poor patient recall. Objective: We explored the impact of a specifically developed mobile application (mApp)— Coagulation and Anticoagulant Therapy and Awareness (CATA)—on improving the knowledge and anticoagulation satisfaction of patients receiving warfarin therapy. Setting: Two medical centers' anticoagulant clinics (ACCs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method: This was a prospective multi-center study with a single-arm preand post-test design; 45 patients (32 women; Mage = 45.82 ± 12.8 years) were enrolled. Main outcome measure: Patients' knowledge and anticoagulation satisfaction were evaluated at baseline and after a post pharmacist-led mHealth App educational intervention. Results: The CATA intervention had a significant impact on knowledge improvement; however, no significant changes were observed in satisfaction. Conclusions: The newly developed CATA mApp has vast potential in improving patients' knowledge; however, further exploration of factors behind the nonsignificant change in patients' anticoagulation satisfaction requires investigation in long-term prospective studies with more frequent pharmacists' interventions in ACCs.


An algorithm based on the choice of a single monotone function (subject to boundary conditions) is presented which generates all regular static spherically symmetric perfect-fluid solutions of Einstein's equations. For physically relevant solutions the generating functions must be restricted by nontrivial integral-differential inequalities. Nonetheless, the algorithm is demonstrated here by the construction of an infinite number of previously unknown physically interesting exact solutions.


Pseudotsuga menziesii populations in central Mexico are small, fragmented and affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. Little is known about the stand structure of these populations, which limits development of management programs despite the protected status of the species. The objective of this study was to characterize and to compare the stand structure of Pseudotsuga forest in seven locations in the states of Tlaxcala and Puebla. A systematic sampling with circular nestled plots of 0.1, 0.05 y 0.005 ha were used to register stand attributes including diameter at breast height (DBH) of alive, death and stumps of all tree species. Results in basal area and Value of Importance Index showed that all locations are dominated by an association of Pseudotsuga-Quercus sp., and to a less extent by other conifer species. Diameter distribution of Pseudotsuga are non-regular and unbalanced, lacking small ( 85 cm) diameter classes. Stands in Tlaxcala showed higher densities of standing death trees and stumps than those of Puebla. A modified Morista's Index of Similitude suggested the influence of geographic proximity of populations as well as the disturb factors, in shaping observed diameter distributions.