Let C be the nonempty convex subset of a complete convex metric space,S and T are two selfmappings on C and let S,T satisfy condition(A) or(B).If the Ishikawa iterate process from S and T converges,then the convergent point is the only common fixed point of S and T;if the common fixed point of S and T is nonempty,then the Ishikawa iterate process from S and T converges to the only common fixed point.The results presented in this paper improves and generates the related results in other papers[see:1,2,3,4,5,7,8].


Researchers know that, in the United States, households with children are more likely than other households to suffer from food insecurity--that is, they do not have assured access to sufficient food for a healthy, active lifestyle. It also is known that food insecurity is particularly harmful to children, resulting in lower test scores, poorer school achievement, increased absences, higher levels of hyperactivity and anxiety, and more frequent health problems. Until recently, what has not been known is where, within individual states like New York, these families reside. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Rachel Dunifon, assistant professor of policy analysis and management, specializes in investigating how child and family policy affects children in limited-resource families. She has created a new type of assessment instrument to answer this fundamental question: the School-Based Food Insecurity Project, a joint research study with Judith Bartfeld, associate professor in the Department of Consumer Science in the School of Human Ecology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The assessment consists of a 25-question survey that takes only 5 to 10 minutes to complete. Answers to six of those questions allow researchers to identify families that fit the U.S. Department of Agriculture's definitions of those who are food secure, are food insecure without hunger, and are food insecure with hunger. (See Human Ecology 31(1): 5 and 24(4): 4, then called Human Ecology Forum, for articles about the research of Christine Olson, the Hazel E. Reed Human Ecology Extension Professor of Public Policy in Cornell's Division of Nutritional Sciences who worked with the USDA in developing the current definitions and measure of food insecurity and hunger.) Using census data, researchers already had been able to determine the amount of food insecurity in a state as a whole and, by comparison, between states. Until Dunifon and her colleagues developed this new survey tool, however, there was no method for identifying the different rates in various areas within a single state. (A related Cornell study, "Rural Families: Welfare Reform and Food Stamps," was reported in August 2003 in Human Ecology 31(1): 5.) The idea for the measurement instrument stemmed from a $100,000 USDA Food and Nutrition Research Program grant that Dunifon and Bartfeld received to conduct the study "State and Local Predictors of Household Food Security." In this project, which examined the factors associated with differences in food insecurity across states, Dunifon and Bartfeld noted that some states--among them Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico--have much higher food insecurity rates than others. Such a striking variation led these researchers to question whether similar extremes might exist within an individual state. The pilot testing of the project's assessment tool, which began last April, successfully integrated research and extension/outreach. "It was a mutually beneficial situation," says Dunifon of her collaboration with Jeanne Darling and Faye Rosselle, directors from Cornell Cooperative Extension (CCE) offices in Delaware and Oneida Counties. "They were key to getting a remarkably high response rate to the measurement tool. The results will be extremely helpful to them in understanding the needs of people in their communities." "This tool will help Cornell Cooperative Extension educators and county policymakers design programs and policies to meet the needs of limitedresource families by identifying the extent of the problems in their counties," Dunifon explains. "This project makes it possible to understand the food-insecurity situation for households with school-age children in a given school district or county." Dunifon pilot tested the survey tool with 1,000 questionnaires in four elementary schools, two schools each in Oneida and Delaware Counties. She found that, overall, 14 percent of the responding households were food insecure, including 6 percent that were insecure with hunger. …


the view that context matters and legal scholars have a great deal to learn from other disciplines. Law and its institutions do not exist, operate, or evolve in a vacuum. There is some degree of risk, however, in encouraging interdisciplinarity, particularly if comparative constitutionalists begin to dabble in fields outside their expertise. As Koen Lemmens has observed, comparative lawyers have been known to incorporate "bits and pieces" from other established disciplines, such as economics, history, and political science, without having received the necessary training or having a good understanding of those fields (particularly their limitations). Legal comparativists might therefore engage with other disciplines on a superficial – or, even worse, misguided – basis. This risk might be managed by a detailed review of the methodological choices made and the results obtained from experts within the relevant disciplines. A second challenge to Hirschl's argument is that, by emphasising context and invoking the methodological tools and perspectives of other disciplines to help explain legal phenomena, the quality and rigour of legal analysis in the scholarship might decline in favour of these non-legal fields. Despite these risks, there is much room in the field for a diversity of approaches to flourish and Hirschl's view of "comparative constitutional studies" set out in Comparative Matters makes a valuable contribution to that end. Its influence is likely to be felt for years to come.


The prevalence of both frailty and dysphagia advances with age. Worsening dysphagia increases the degree of frailty and reduces quality of life. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and mortality risk of a population of patients identified for Speech and language therapy (SLT) review in a Frailty at the Front Door (FFD) team.

 A FFD team performs comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for older frail patients presenting to the emergency department. To assist service planning, all patients were screened for the possible presence of dysphagia using the 4QT and those with a response to 1 or more screening questions underwent SLT review. Data were collected from consecutive SLT patient records and a hospital based patient database of CGAs over a 3-month period. Age, gender, 4AT, MST malnutrition risk screen, clinical frailty score (CFS), nursing home (NH) residence, dysphagia outcome severity scale, need for acute hospital admission and mortality rate at 1000 days was collected. Data were entered onto Excel and analysed using descriptive statistics.

 69 swallow assessments were carried out. The mean age was 83 (+/−9) years. 71% (n = 49) were female. The 4AT was ≥4 in 36% (n = 25). 42% (n = 29) were at risk of malnutrition. The CFS was ≥6 in 62% (n = 43). 23% (n = 16) resided in a nursing home, 72% (n = 50) had dysphagia, 92% (n = 63) required hospital admission and 36% (n = 25) were experiencing their 'last 1,000 days' at follow-up.

 Older patients presenting to the ED with a coexisting dysphagia are at high risk of malnutrition and delirium, moderately frail, present with moderate dysphagia, and are more likely to require acute hospital admission. This cohort need early screening, identification, assessment and intervention, in order to reduce dysphagia related risks and improve patient outcomes, particularly given the high proportion that are in their last 1,000 days.


The essentials oils of C.reticulata Blanco at different ripening stage(July,August,September and October)were analyzed by GC-MS.Fifty terpene compounds,including limonene(47.28%~ 58.40%),γ-terpinene(8.27%~ 13.23%),β-linalool(3.48%~ 7.86%),β-myrcene(6.24%~ 7.50%),α-pinene(5.07%~ 6.05%),β-pinene(2.30%~ 3.45%),octanal(2.04%~ 2.48%)and terpinolene(1.40%~ 2.09%)etc.,were identified.In vitro antifungal activity of the above Ponkan essential oils and six potential antimicrobial substances(citral,octanal,nonanal,decanal,β-linalool and α-terpineol)in them against P.italicum and P.digitatum were also determined.Results showed that the inhibitory effect Ponkan essential oils at different ripening stage on P.italicum was better than that on P.digitatum.In potential antimicrobial substances,citral and octanal were observed having strongest antifungal activity against P.italicum,in contrast to that of nonanal and octanal against P.digitatum.The MICs of citral and octanal to P.italicum,together with that of nonanal and octanal to P.digitatum,were both 0.50μL/mL.By contrast,the MICs of β-linalool and α-terpineol to P.italicum and P.digitatum were 2.00μL/mL.


Solar-thermal desalination by interfacial evaporation that leverages abundant solar energy to convert saline water into clean freshwater has promised an exciting alternative to meet the grand challenges of water scarcity. Among a host of novel materials developed for efficient solar-thermal desalination, carbon-based materials are arguably the most competitive candidates for practical applications due to their superior biocompatibility. However, conventional carbon-based materials have the limitation of an unsatisfactory vapor generation performance under 1 sun illumination. Here, we report a hierarchical carbon nanostructure that is based on rational design of artificial hollow frameworks on natural cotton to achieve very favorable evaporation properties. Hierarchical water pathways of the evaporator rapidly replenish water as it evaporates. Water evaporation is facilitated by a thin-film effect in the hollow frameworks. The hollow carbonized cotton microfibers (HCMFs) evaporated water with an extremely high rate of 3.2 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun illumination, and exhibited outstanding solar desalination performance with excellent stability and durability. This new material design provides a novel approach to solar vapor generation for a broad range of practical applications.


In this paper,five ferrocenylhydrazone tartrate metallic coordination polymers(Fc-NM-M)were synthesized through preparation of the monomers starting from 1,1'-diacetylferrocene,hydrazine citric and then metallic salts acetate(M=Cu、Co、Ni、Mn、Cd)coordination in DMF,their properties were characterized by IR、TGA、XRD、SEM and dielectric parameters.The results show that Fc-NM-M in 0.2-2.0GHz frequency section for mobile communication have high dielectric constant(e')and lower dielectric loss(e″),the inverted F microstrip antenna prepared from Fc-NM-M have good compactwave properties and directional pattern,as well as higher gain.However,as a new antenna material,it can be used to a double frequency microstrip antenna of small type,multifunction and high gain.


This paper makes its distinctive contribution to this collection by taking us behind the puzzlement processes of Exploratory Practice (EP) to help us understand the interactive workings of an EP group, and in particular the threats to sustainability that emerged. It reports a discourse analytic enquiry into the nature of the decisions taken and the decision-making process employed at the EP group meetings held at the Teachers' Centre of the British Council in Istanbul between the years 1994 and 1997. The EP group consisted of three regularly attending core members, who held meetings with a total of 11 teachers and teacher trainers from various institutions in Istanbul. In addition to the extensive supplementary data collected over the time span, the selected basic data consist of 13 hours of audio-recording of six group meetings. Initial examination of the data revealed that decisions were taken in identifiable long stretches of discourse, beginning with an initiation, continuing with negotiation, which can further be categorized into clarification, contribution, acceptance, and rejection moves, and ending with finalization. The analysis based on this model suggested that the group made three types of decisions: content, (i.e., what do we work on?), procedure (i.e., how do we work?) and aims (i.e., why do we work?). The most general conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that the group could not complete the EP stages due to recurrences of past decisions, different attitudes and expectations of members, and lack of a systematic reflection and evaluation component in their mode of work. The article ends with implications and suggestions for EP groups in similar contexts in the future.


In this paper the authors are comparing prints made with combination of offset and flexo inks used in hybrid printing technology. A good image reproduction is determined by appropriate trapping. Poor trapping means that superimposed inks are improperly laid down on the previously printed colours, causing poor colour balance and poor overall appearance. Hybrid press systems use combination of different printing units therefore it is possible to implement a flexo unit in an offset line and vice versa. Different printing units have advantages of their own and by combining them into one production line the quality of a print job can be increased. Flexo printing process uses low viscosity inks and offset printing process uses paste, viscous inks. According to that, the rheology and drying characteristics of each type of ink are different. The aim of this study was to investigate how two different types of inks would interact one with another when printed in different conditions.


Fusion power output of ITER is measured by a group of neutron flux monitors combined with a neutron activation system and neutron profile monitors. These systems should be absolutely calibrated by use of DD/DT generators moving inside the ITER vacuum vessel (in-situ calibration). Each neutron monitor has a limited measurement range of emission rate, but the ranges are connected by cross-calibration using the ITER plasma with at least one decade overlapping. The over all dynamic range covered by the group of neutron flux monitors is 10 14 n/sec to 10 21 n/sec. Effects of vertical/radial movement of plasma on the measurement accuracy were reviewed. It was found that cross-calibration using specially planned jog shots, and a vertical neutron camera is important to minimize the inaccuracy caused by the plasma movement.


. Let A and A denote the classes of ordinal spaces with the order topology and 2-product spaces of the two point discrete space re spectively. Characterizations are given in terms of ultrafiIters of clopen sets of those O-dimensional Hausdorff topological spaces that can be embedded homeomorphically as a closed subspace of a topological product of either spaces from the class A or the class A. Both classes consist of spaces that are co 0 -bounded. An example is given of a O-dimensional Hausdorff coo-bounded space that cannot be homeomorphically embedded as a closed subset of a product of spaces from either A or A, answering a question of R. G. Woods.


Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) have been widely used in various audio analysis tasks such as speech recognition and genre classification. In this paper we show how HMMs can be used to synthesize new audio clips of unlimited length inspired by the temporal structure and perceptual content of a training recording or set of such recordings. We use Markov chain techniques similar to those that have long been used to generate symbolic data such as text and musical scores to instead generate sequences of continuous audio feature data that can then be transformed into audio using feature-based and concatenative synthesis techniques. Additionally, we explore the use of the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process HMM (HDP-HMM) for music, which sidesteps some difficulties with traditional HMMs, and extend the HDP-HMM to allow multiple song models to be trained simultaneously in a way that allows the blending of different models to produce output that is a hybrid of multiple input recordings.


Sugar cane (Saccharum sp. Hybrid CoLk 8102) canes subjected to moist hot air treatment (MHAT) at 54 °C for 4 h were studied for changes in biochemical attributes and bud sprouting. Reults obtained showed higher content of reducing sugars in seed cane and specific activity of acid invertase enzyme in dialyzed cane juice of MHAT-exposed seed material. Alternatively, soluble protein content in enzyme extracts of canes was lower compared to the untreated control. Besides biochemical attributes, MHAT-exposed treated setts planted under field conditions showed early bud sprouting, higher rate of germination, fresh weight of roots and settling, as well as area and number of leaves. Findings suggested that moist hot air treatment enhanced rate of acid invertase activity and reducing sugar content of seed canes, which led to early bud sprouting, higher rate of germination, and better plant growth.


The present invention provides a data storage device and data maintenance method. The data storage device includes a flash memory and a controller. The flash memory has a plurality of single-level-cell units and a plurality of triple-level cell units. The controller performs a first predetermined number of read processes on a second predetermined number of specific single-level-cell units to program data stored in the second predetermined number of specific single-level-cell units into a specific triple-level cell unit of the triple-level cell units and determines whether any of the second predetermined number of specific single-level-cell units has not been read successfully by any of the read processes when the specific triple-level cell unit cannot be read successfully.


Objective To study on the the effect of ganciclovir combined with cimetidine on infants with rotavirus enteritis. Methods The clinical data of 50 infants with rotavirus enteritis from July 2007 to March 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The treatment group was more effective than the control group,symptoms improved in the short time required for the control group,the incidence of adverse reactions is lower than the control group.Conclusion Ganciclovir combined with cimetidine has better efficacy on infants with rotavirus enteritis,and it faster onset,fewer adverse events,it is worth spreading.


Wray 977, the B supergiant companion of the X-ray pulsar GX301-2, should be classified as B 1 Ia+, based on a comparison of its optical spectrum to that of zeta(1) Sco, a well-known B hypergiant and one of the brightest stars in our galaxy. The classification of Wray 977 as a hypergiant results in a new distance determination of the binary system, i.e. d = 5.3 kpc (previously 1.8 +/- 0.3 kpc). The ''average'' X-ray luminosity of the pulsar is then similar to 10(37) erg s(-1), in good agreement with the predicted X-ray luminosity resulting from accretion of a dense, low-velocity (v(infinity) = 400 km s(-1)) stellar wind. A mass-loss rate of less than or similar to 10(-5) M. yr(-1) is estimated from the H alpha profile. A new upper limit for the inclination of the system is derived which provides a lower limit to the (present) mass of Wray 977 (48 M.). Regarding current binary evolution scenarios, the empirical lower mass limit for black-hole formation in a binary increases to M(ZAMS) greater than or similar to 50 M..


The paper envisages the study about the third mission of universities, designated here as the group of activities besides teaching and research. It addresses the engagement of the university in outreach activities with the imperative of contributing to society and the relationship with CEE. There are several ways to address this increasingly important share of universities role and there are also different levels of political importance within universities. This is particularly important in engineering where there is a significant impact in the knowledge economy. It is intended that the paper program analyzes and studies the right degree of independence of universities within this framework but involving the stakeholders in these joint actions. For that purpose the CEE activities represent areas that may be crucial to identify the practices and case studies that can lead to an efficient and successful strategy.


For the evaluation of subjective diffuseness and subjective preference, the IACC has been utilized. Not only the maximum interaural cross‐correlation coefficient IACC for |τ|≤1 ms, but also its interaural time delay τIACC and the width of the interaural cross correlation WIACC (the width of the time of the function crossing zero) are the elements of the interaural cross‐correlation function. From the previous study, the IACC and the interaural time delay have influence on the subjective preference of a sound field in an existing hall. Also, it is considered that the width of the interaural cross correlation, which is related to the frequency characteristics of the source signal, has significant effects on the evaluation of ASW.


Energy levels, radiative transition probabilities and autoionization rates for 1s22s22p63l′nl (n = 3–12, l ⩽ n − 1) and 1s22s22p64l′nl (n = 4–7, l ⩽ n − 1) states in Mg-like iron (Fe14+) are calculated by the Hartree–Fock-relativistic method (Cowan code) and the relativistic many-body perturbation theory method (RMBPT code). Autoionizing levels above three thresholds 1s22s22p63s, 1s22s22p63p and 1s22s22p63d are considered. It is found that configuration mixings [3sns + 3pnp + 3dnd] and [3snp + 3pns + 3pnd + 3dnp] play an important role for all atomic characteristics. Branching ratios relative to the first threshold and intensity factors are calculated for satellite lines, and dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients are determined for the excited 444 odd-parity and 419 even-parity states. It is shown that the contribution of the highly-excited states is very important for calculation of total DR rates. Contributions from the excited 1s22s22p63l′nl states with n ⩾ 12 and 1s22s22p64l′nl states with n ⩾ 7 to DR rate coefficients are estimated by extrapolation of all atomic parameters. The total DR rate coefficient is derived as a function of electron temperature.


The competition influence zone of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook plantation mixed with Tsoongiodendron odrum Chun was divided into two parts:one was defined as inside radius,and the other as outside radius.Base on this,the competition index could be decomposed into different neighborhood interference indexes.The regression analysis of objective tree's growth and three kinds of interference indexes was studied.The results showed that if the objective tree was C.lanceolata,Zhang Dayong's interference index model could obtain the best result,while if the objective tree was T.odrum,Weiner's model was better comparing with the other competition models.The study still showed that the intraspecific competition of C.lanceolata the interspecific competition of C lanceolata and T.odrum the intraspecific competition of T.odrum.The comparison of different kinds of competition influence division indicated the model that divided the competition zone into two parts could show the competition rules accurately.Tab 3,Ref 17


A firm's reputation is an important intangible asset, because of its potential for value creation. The authors explore non-monetary and monetary outcomes of customer-based corporate reputation (CBR) and hypothesize that commitment serves as a partial mediator, while service context risk is a moderator, of these relationships. Using a large sample of service customers who evaluated the reputation of service firms in four service categories, the results show that (1) commitment partially mediates the relationship between CBR and most of the outcome variables, and (2) service provider selection risk moderates these relationships, such that reputation has a stronger effect on several non-monetary outcomes for higher-risk services and commitment has a stronger effect for lower-risk services, consistent with a dual-processing framework explanation. The authors discuss the theoretical and managerial implications.


The thermodynamic basis for the Clausius–Claypeyron equation for liquid to vapor transition is developed and discussed with specific reference to the heat of vaporization (Lv) for water. Examples using the Clausius–Clapeyron, Antoine, and Richards equations for calculating Lv are presented.

Keywords:

Clapeyron Emile;
Clausius–Clapeyron equation;
specific enthalpy water;
antoine equation water


Park in Novi Knezevac was established in the nineteenth century, and it surrounds the manor of Marko Djurkovic Servijski. During the nineteenth century and early twentieth century further developing of the garden was associated with construction of the manors of Tallián, Feilitzsch and Maldeghem families. Whole park together with the manors of former aristocratic families, two of which have the status of cultural monument, makes unique ambient. Park is located in the old nucleus of Novi Knezevac. West side of park reaches the Tisa river. In this paper landscape-architectural, dendrological, cultural, historical and other values of Park in Novi Knezevac protected natural monument of garden architecture were analyzed. Analysis of dendroflora was carried out in 2008. As a result 1137 woody plants (238 coniferous and 899 deciduous) within 56 species and lower taxa was recorded. Dendrological parameters of 38 representative trees were measured as well as their decorative features and vitality. The aforementioned parameters are given in table. Based on the analysis of the current state of the park, values, historical genesis and current needs, measures of the protection and promotion, preservation and renewal of the park were proposed.


Abstract : The objective of the project is to develop and improve upon three-dimensional (3-D) seismic velocity models of the Earth and to utilize such models for improving the locations of events recorded at regional and teleseismic distances. Our previous experiments performed using 3-D models of varying resolution show that the accuracy of event location with respect to ground truth does not necessarily improve with an increasing number of free parameters in a model. One reason for this may be the lack of waveform data used for constructing recent high-resolution models, since the maximum sensitivity of seismic travel times to structure is in the middle to lower mantle. In this paper we develop a new joint, P and S velocity model parameterized in terms of radial and horizontal cubic splines, using a combination of direct and differential travel times and surface wave phase measurements. The accuracy of the travel time data has been improved by relocating the events using a previously existing 3-D mantle P wave model. The cubic spline parameterization conveniently allows more detailed models to be inserted within it for use of regional phases in event location. Our preliminary model shows substantial differences in compressional velocity in the uppermost mantle compared with previous models. In conjunction with the model development, we are collecting new reference events with accurate locations, among them earthquakes on mid-ocean ridges and transforms, using a constrained inversion technique.


In laboratory animals when modeling deficiency of nitric oxide introduction of NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME were studied by functional and biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction -the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction, myocardial load tests (adrenoreaktivnost, the load resistance), nitrite ion content of blood serum, the expression of endothelial NO-synthase. Revealed activation of endothelial and cardioprotective effects of combined application atsetilizochistozid and enalapril.


Pre-trained transformer language models have been shown to generate human-like quality texts of different styles. In this study, we generate short drama dialogues in the style of German theater plays and adapt their content to various different topics using a simple fine-tuning scheme. We show that the generations keep the dramatic play structure while adapting large parts of their content to a target topic, effectively creating scenes from theater plays about a variety of subjects. We experiment with hyperparameters to find fitting fine-tuning configurations for various topic datasets as well as highlight how the generations adapt to the topics in a qualitative analysis. Our findings present a useful tool for computer assisted or fully autonomous creative writing. Furthermore, we motivate and explore the use of transformer language models in the context of computational creativity, highlighting the need for constrained and controlled language generation.


Advanced-stage or relapsed/refractory HD has a poor prognosis despite aggressive chemotherapy regimens and the use of high dose therapy with autologous support. Sixty seven patients with HD(23 newly diagnosed and 45 with relapsed/refractory disease, one patient treated twice) were treated with the MVC regimen (mitoxantrone 8mg/m2/day IV days 1–3, vinblastine 8m/m2/day days 1 and 22, and CCNU 100 mg/m2 on day 1, repeated at 6 to 8 wks) in a single-arm Phase II study. This regimen combines the most effective chemotherapeutic agents of previous regimens for poor prognosis HD, and eliminates marginally active agents with unnecessary toxicities. Median age at treatment was 35 years (16–71), with 42 males and 25 females. 23 patients had previously untreated (PU) disease, staged as II (7), III (7), IV (9), and subtypes consisted of nodular sclerosis (21), mixed cellularity (1), and lymphocyte depletion (1). 45 patients were previously treated (1st relapse-20, 2nd relapse-13, 3rd relapse-12) and had relapsed after chemotherapy alone (17), radiotherapy alone (4), or combined modality treatment (24). 39 patients were relapsed and 6 refractory to treatment. This refractory/relapsed (R/R) group at diagnosis was staged II (11), III (10), IV (22), unknown (2), with 34 nodular sclerosis, 3 mixed cellularity, 1 anaplastic large cell, 1 lymphocyte predominant, 2 lymphocyte depleted, 4 unknown. All patients responded to treatment in the newly diagnosed group (OR 100%). The median response duration was 57.2 mos, and the median survival 108.1 mos. 11 complete responses are ongoing at 39+ to 189+ mos. In the prior treated patients, 41 responded to MVC (OR 91%). The median response duration for this group was 11 mos, and the median survival was 82.1 mos. Grade 3 and 4 treatment-related toxicities included neutropenia (89%), thrombocytopenia (73%), infection (40%), bleeding (20%), and two (2.9%) deaths (related to granulocytopenia and infection). Three secondary myeloid leukemias occurred, two in the de-novo, and one in the relapsed/refractory group, at a median follow-up of 16 years. In conclusion, MVC regimen for HD is very active, for both de novo and relapsed/refractory disease, with high response rates and survival that compare favorably with the results obtained by high-dose therapy with stem-cell transplantation. Although significant, the toxicities associated with this regimen were manageable.

| Group | OR | CR | PR | Overall median response | Overall survival | CR median response | CR median survival |
|:------------------------------------- | ---- | --- | --- | ----------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| NR* = not reached, range 8.2-189+ mos |
| PU | 100% | 83% | 17% | 57.2 mos | 108 mos | NR* | 186 mos |
| R/R | 91% | 44% | 47% | 11 mos | 82 mos | 15 mos | 168 mos |


Here we obtain almost sure limit points for a properly normalized partial sum continuous time random walk, where a continuous time random walk means a random walk subordinated to a renewal process. Continuous time random walks are used in physics to model anomalous diffusion.


Treatment of 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phenyl-1H- pyrazino 3,4,5-cd indolizine 2-oxides (5) with trifluoroacetic anhydride gave new heterocyclic six-membered betaines (6) which underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and maleimides in hot toluene to yield the corresponding cycloadducts (7) and (8). Treatment of the maleimide adducts (8) with p-toluenesulfonic acid in boiling acetic acid gave the [2.3.4]cyclazines (9)


This paper is a follow-up to a study carried out by the author in 1952 in which an analysis of exogenous and endogenous causes of death in Norway was used to establish a biological limit; albeit a temporary one for mortality decline. The paper examines the trends in each of these two major groups of causes in a number of developed countries by age and for each sex separately and using data for Norway describes the method used to calculate the limit mortality table for current limits corresponding to endogenous mortality. It is estimated that the biological limit for life expectancy at birth is 80.3 years for females and 73.8 years for males. The figures present an upward revision of the 1952 findings which yielded life expectancies at birth of 78.2 and 76.3 years for females and males respectively. The difference between the two sexes is thus 6.5 years instead of the 1.9 years estimated in the earlier study. (authors)


The new development pattern is an important strategic measure proposed by the central government to cope with the unprecedented changes in the world and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is the new thinking and development of the reform and opening up practice for more than 40 years in the new era. The new development pattern should take the domestic cycle as the main body, proceed from the insistence on expanding domestic demand, and promote the domestic and international double cycle. Based on Marxist theory, this article fuses with the basic model of macroeconomics, and makes a relatively complete explanation of the new development pattern from three aspects: the theoretical origin, realization path and practical significance of the new development pattern.


The objectives of present paper are to derive the approximate solution for comparatively easily computing the sea shock forces on developing numerical simulation method of sea shock force and to clear the effect of sea shock forces on very large floating offshore structures by the present approximation. Therefore the approximation solution and the boundary integral equation method on frequency domain are derived to understand fundamental characteristics of sea shock force. Further the accuracy and the usefulness of the present approximation is confirmed by comparing the results by the present approximation with the numerical results by the boundary integral equation method.Sea shock forces on very large floating structure are concretely understood by transforming numerical results in frequency domain into numerical results in time domain and basic data of earthquakeresistant design which is very important for implementation design is obtained.


While altitude illness is common in the Himalayas, conditions unrelated to altitude illness also occur. High altitude cerebral oedema HACE is a global phenomenon of gradual onset affecting both cerebral hemispheres. We outline two cases of cervical artery dissection presenting with sudden onset of focal neurological symptoms at high altitude.


The article reveals the content of the category of Smart-society and correlates the legal categories of "Smart-society" and "information society". It was found that the information society is inextricably linked with the development and dissemination of the role of information and communication technologies, the availability of an appropriate information sector of technology, a high level of information culture in all spheres of public life, accessibility and transparency. It is noted that the category "Smart" means smart, one that promotes the development of smart technologies and the formation of a smart society, the transition of "traditional" information society to a knowledge society or Smart-society, whose guiding paradigm is the desire to improve all spheres of human life. to create a new quality of life. Smart-society is a new model of information society, which permeates all spheres of public life, namely – economic, political, social, spiritual, cultural, educational spheres of life. The correlation between the legal categories "information society" and "smart society" allowed us to say that they have both common and different characteristics. The common features include the following: 1) these categories are quite similar, but not identical; 2) they appeared in one period (in the early 1960s); 3) both are inextricably linked to the information sector; 4) apply to all spheres of public life; 5) determined by the development of information and communication technologies. It is noted that there are some differences between them, the main of which is the inseparability of the Smart-society with digital technologies, while the information society is not so dependent on Smart-technologies. It is concluded that the Smart-society is a new, more modern form of information society, which is characterized by its own features and specific characteristics.


Abstract This review describes the differential diagnosis and imaging evaluation of a pelvic mass. The role of ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is discussed in each pathology presenting as a pelvic lump. The typical imaging feature of the more common disease entities is presented with each modality, with recommendations for further imaging evaluation.


Against the lifeless backdrop of France's current intellectual scene - and considering the weighty silence that falls upon all those who dare to step outside the mould - Deleuze stands out as one of the last major writers, a creative philosopher, original, even subversive. Deleuze always refused to disown May '68 as well as Marx and, right to the end, associated himself not so much with revolution as with a constant, stubborn apologia for what becoming- revolutionary is or could be, avoiding any backsliding and rejecting all totalisations. Anti-Oedipus , published in 1973, and A Thousand Plateaux , published in 1980 - the two parts of a single work entitled Capitalism and Schizophrenia - set out to define contemporary capitalism, expressly rejecting any dissociation between base and superstructure, or between an economic reality and the various social and individual dimensions that go along with it. Keywords: capitalism; Deleuze revolution; Marx


The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to investigate heat conduction and viscous heating in microscale Couette flows. When augmented by the slip boundary conditions, the continuum equations are found to predict thermal conductance accurately even in the transition and ballistic flow regime for Couette flows. The viscous heat generation rate, in contrast, is significantly underpredicted by the slip flow theory. We propose an alternative approach based on kinetic theory and present a compact analytic expression for the viscous dissipation rate


Particulate emission sampling was conducted at Dofasco's No. 2 Coke Want Quench Tower in August 1977. The sampling was performed by York Research Corporation using EPA developed quench tower sampling techniques. Particulate emissions averaged 0.245 lb/ton of coal over 17 tests. The mist eliminator in the tower consists of two rows of zig-zag baffles inclined at 20° from the vertical. Particle size data indicated that the majority of the particulate emissions were less than 10 microns in diameter. A mathematical model was used to predict the effect of particle size and gas velocity on collection efficiency. Pressure drop and re-entrainment are two restrictions which are considered in baffle design. Quench towers are the largest contributor to Dofasco's allowable off-the-property suspended particulate impingement concentration.


Titania and silica glass thin films embodying Au and Pt ultrafine particles at the particle concentrations on the order of 1016 cm−3 are prepared thoroughly under ambient temperature and pressure by adding the liquid dispersion of the particles in the course of the sol-gel process. Changes in the reduction conditions vary the size of the Au particles giving the smallest mean diameter of 2.8 nm, and lead to the films showing the plasma absorption ranging from 530 to 620 nm and the absorption coefficients up to 1.0 × 103 cm−1.


Use of an azol derivative for the manufacture of a neurotrophin production / secretion activating agent, in which the azol derivative is of the formula: wherein R1 represents a halogen atom, a heterocyclic group that may be optionally substituted , a hydroxy group that may be optionally substituted, a thiol group that may be optionally substituted or an amino group that may be optionally substituted; A represents an acyl group that may be optionally substituted, a heterocyclic group that may be optionally substituted, a hydroxy group that may be optionally substituted, a carboxyl group that may be optionally esterified or amidated; B represents an aromatic group that may be optionally substituted; X represents the oxygen atom, the sulfur atom or the nitrogen atom that may be optionally substituted; and Y represents a hydrocarbon group or a divalent heterocyclic group or one of its salts.


The increase in college tuition, which exists in the most countries, is an obstacle on pushing equity of educational opportunity. This article explores the situation about the affordability of higher education in America today. Increase in tuition, especially the sharp increase in tuition price of public college during times of economic depress, leads to less affordable for most American families. Many states have adopted some policies on the short and long term to avoid the passive impact of increase in intuition on the equity of educational opportunity. From a long term, improving the affordability of higher education must break the cycle of rising costs and declining affordability accompanied by cyclical state and national economic conditions. Investigating the rising costs and appropriate policies to mitigate them over several years, it will bring us illumination on policy-making of college tuition in our country.


Studies of the interactions of serotonin uptake inhibitors with ethanol may help determine the mechanism whereby ethanol intake is decreased by these drugs. In four separate studies, subjects were randomly assigned to receive ethanol dosed to maintain blood ethanol concentrations of 800–1000 mg/l or juice and drug or placebo: (1) single doses of zimelidine one hour after ethanol or juice; (2) single doses of amitriptyline 25 mg p.o. one hour after the ethanol or juice; (3) viqualine 75 mg b.i.d. for 3 days prior to ethanol or juice; (4) fluoxetine 40 mg p.o. or amitriptyline 50 mg p.o. for 14 nights. Acetaldehyde concentrations did not change and no aversive ethanol sensitizing reaction for any drug was detected. Ethanol-induced impairment in memory, body sway and a manual tracking task were further enhanced by zimelidine as was ethanol-induced decreased friendliness. Ethanol decreased the rate of zimelidine biotransformation by 46%. Concurrent ethanol increased mean amitriptyline concentrations 91–188% d...


The floorplan area optimization problem is to determine the dimensions of all the modules when the topology of the floorplan is given. The objective is to minimize the total area of the floorplan. We present in this paper two area optimization methods for general hierarchical floorplans that allow each module to have an infinite set of possible dimensions. Our methods combine the curve-adding technique used in the case of slicing floorplans, and new techniques that compute shape curves by iterative modification of module dimensions. The shape curves for non-slicing configurations are constructed by operations on the graph representations of the floorplan. The first method simultaneously reduces all critical paths of an adjacency graph using a minimum cut technique, and the second method is based on an analogy between adjacency graphs and electric circuits. We also present a method to obtain the dimensions of the modules after the dimensions of the minimum area floorplan have been determined.


To investigate the effect of the Medication Management Review (MMR) service on the number of treatment‐related problems (TRPs), patient satisfaction and factors affecting patient satisfaction.


Edge detection is an often used procedure in digital image processing. For some practical applications it is desirable to detect edges with sub-pixel accuracy. In this paper we present edge detection method for 1-D images based on approximation of real image function with Erf function. This method is verified by simulations and experiments for various numbers of samples of simulated and real images. Results of simulations and experiments are also used to compare proposed edge detection scheme with two often used moment-based edge detectors with sub-pixel precision.


The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport, general self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy beliefs of students studying in physical education and sport teacher education department. 118 students in department of physical education and sport teacher education at Mugla Sitki Kocman University voluntarily participated in the study.  31 of the participants were national athletes while 87 of them were non-national athletes. 50 of the participant were females while 68 of them were males. Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale (PABSS) was used to determine the behaviors of students whether prosocial or antisocial. General self-efficacy scale was used to determine the self-efficacy beliefs of participants. Academic Self-Efficacy scale was used to determine academic self-efficacy beliefs of students. Positive correlations have been found between age and prosocial opponent. Positive correlations have been found between general self-efficacy and prosocial teammate, prosocial opponent. Positive correlations have been found between academic self-efficacy and prosocial teammate, prosocial opponent, general-self-efficacy. Consequently, students having high level of self-efficacy beliefs in physical education and sport teacher education department can adopt prosocial behaviors.


The paper presents a non-standard interpretation of the celebrated Heideggerian existential das Man in terms of its oft-underrated unity with Dasein—an entity of a special ontic-ontological prerogative. The present authors intend to highlight this essential theme in terms of the specific unity of Dasein being-in-the world, covering many subsequent and adjacent existentials in the analytics of the Heideggerian existential hermeneutics, especially Mitsein/Mitdasein. Dasein's existence-essence is based on the structure of possibilities, and hence free, spontaneous choices, while Das Man is a concrete choice of a certain modus of existence rendering—as it were—all other modi invalid and non-operational. Although Heidegger is far from taking up an ethical or moral stance in its traditional understanding, he is quite adamant that the phenomenon of das Man invalidates a truly human project of existing one's own possibilities—to wit—be oneself (Jemeines).


Introduction In this article, we summarize our findings from an EU-supported project for policy analyses applied to pandemics such as Covid-19 (with the potential to be applied as well to other, similar hazards) while considering various mitigation levels and consequence sets under several criteria. Methods It is based on our former development for handling imprecise information in risk trees and multi-criteria hierarchies using intervals and qualitative estimates. We shortly present the theoretical background and demonstrate how it can be used for systematic policy analyses. In our model, we use decision trees and multi-criteria hierarchies extended by belief distributions for weights, probabilities and values as well as combination rules to aggregate the background information in an extended expected value model, taking into criteria weights as well as probabilities and outcome values. We used the computer-supported tool DecideIT for the aggregate decision analysis under uncertainty. Results The framework has been applied in three countries: Botswana, Romania and Jordan, and extended for scenario-building during the third wave of the pandemic in Sweden, proving its feasibility in real-time policy-making for pandemic mitigation measures. Discussion This work resulted in a more fine-grained model for policy decision that is much more aligned to the societal needs in the future, either if the Covid-19 pandemic prevails or for the next pandemic or other society-wide hazardous emergencies.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC_s) damages induced by hydrogen peroxide and evaluate the protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin on the injured BCMEC_s.METHODS Cells injury was determined by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity in the extracellular medium.Malondialdelyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity both intracellular and in the extracellular medium were quantified by their reagents and the absorbance was assessed by automatic biochemistry analyser.Radioimmunoassay was applied to measure the amount of thromboxane B_2(TXB_2)and 6- keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-keto-PGF1α)secreted by BCMEC_s.RESULTS The exposure of cells to H_2O_2(200μmol·L~(-1)) for 2, 4 and 8 h caused a significant increase of LDH leakage,MDA level,and decrease of SOD activity compared with the normal group. Pre-incubation for 24 h with different concentrations of hydroxyethylpuerarin decreased the level of LDH and MDA,and increased the activity of SOD in a concentration-dependent manner in H_2O_2-induced cells.H_2O_2 also damaged the cells by increasing the content of TXB_2 and decreasing the content of 6-keto-PGF1αsecreted by BCMECs.Hydroxyethylpuerarin reduced the content of TXB_2 and increased the content of 6-keto-PGF1αin a concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION Hydroxyethylpuerafin protects the function of BCMEC_s against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury contributing to its antioxidant effects.


This paper discusses Capture-Recapture (C-R) model with incorrect data on inspection and gives the formula for the number of defects in software, which extends former C-R models. The C-R model with incorrect data is also evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation and compared with former C-R models.


reduction of new heart failurewas striking, 64% or 35 cases prevented in 2 years. Serious adverse events were much more frequent with placebo (448 versus 358 instances). There are few limitations to that study except that the authors report no details of subjective adverse events such as dizziness or syncopes that may impact on quality of life. In daily practice we must, however, consider that the general hypertensive population at that age is considerably sicker than in the HYVET study, exhibits isolated systolic hypertension as a rule (only 33% in HYVET) and reports frequently a history of cardiovascular events (only 12% in HYVET). It is uncertain whether the HYVET results can be translated into a population of the same age, but with a more widespread vascular damage that nephrologists often see. Results in sicker populations may be better because of a higher event rate and a potentially higher absolute benefit but may also be worse because risks may be less dependent on blood pressure.


In its theoretic part, this bachelor thesis contains facts from theatre management and mar-keting of non-profit organizations specialized in culture. Non-governmental organization Musical Haviřov is presented in a practical part of the thesis. Nowadays, the Musical Havi-řov realizes a project musical Srdce. There are marketing communications of musical Srdce evaluated in comparison with other activities of the organization. The spectators' view on marketing communications of the Srdce musical is based on questionairy analyse.


In this paper, we have investigated a robotic system, which is used in teleoperation. This robot is a 3-DOF parallel robot and its dimensions are milli-centi meter, and can be used for the micro-Nano surgery. We have analyzed the kinematics of the robot and have done a simulation to find the range of kinematic chains' length. These analyses have been done by 'MATHEMATICA' software.


© Corrosion of a melt-processing apparatus for processing a polyarylene thioether at a temperature higher than l^the melting point thereof is prevented by a method which comprises adding to I00 parts by weight of the ^polyarylene thioether 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of (i) hydroxides of metals of the group Ha of the Periodic Table, (ii) oxides of metals of the group Ha of the g Periodic Table and (iii) aromatic carboxylic acid salts of metals of the group Ha of the Periodic Table. If) By this method, even if the melt-processing article obtained is exposed to moisture, the electrical properties of the article formed (for example, insulation characteristics) and the water resistance are not substantially ^deteriorated. M


We are presenting a case report on the anaesthetic management of a case of ankylosis of temporomandibular joint for corrective surgery in a 7 year old child. Anticipated difficult airway in paediatric population has always been a perplexing problem, awake fibreoptic intubation almost impossible due to obvious difficulties with co-operation. Here we are describing a new approach to this problem, in which the patients were kept under GA with spontaneous ventilation while retrograde intubation was done quite comfortably by the conventional method.


It is well accepted that the balance of immunity between effector and regulatory T cells determines the outcome of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Concerning the topic of 'Regulatory and Effector T Cells' as published in this issue of Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, several investigators have provided important new information. T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells represent the classical type of Th or effector cells. However, recent studies have also identified several new cell subsets of Th cells, including IL-9-producing T (Th9), IL-17-producing T (Th17), IL-22-producing T (Th22), and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, extending the Th cell structure. Given their crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, Th17 cells have received much attention. They mainly express IL-17A, but co-express IL-17B, IL-17E (IL-25), IL-17F, and IL-22. IL-26 is produced by human but not mouse Th17 cells. IL-17A is significantly more potent in initiating signaling and causing autoimmune responses than other cytokines produced by these cells. The differentiation of mouse Th17 cells needs the combination of IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) (Bettelli et al., 2006), although IL-6or TGF-b-independent pathways may also contribute to Th17 cell differentiation. The role of TGF-b in human Th17 cell differentiation is still controversial. Of note, the IL-21 and IL-1 signal pathways seem to be important in initiating Th17 cell development. IL-21 and IL-23 are also known to sustain and expand Th17 cells. Dr Ryffel's group provides an updated account of the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, particularly during lung injury and inflammatory disease. They demonstrated that lung injury or allergen exposure leads to NLPR3 activation, with formation of the NLPR3 inflammasome complex and caspase-1 activation resulting in mature IL-1b, which may elicit IL-17 production. Traditionally, asthma is elicited by Th2 cells. It is still unclear whether Th17 cells work independent or together with Th2 cells in the development of asthma. They suggest that Th17 cells promote asthma through modulation of Th2 cells. In fact, IL-17E or IL-25, another IL-17 member, can induce Th2 cytokines and promote allergy. It is also possible that IL-17 regulates allergic responses independent of Th2 cells but Th2 cells promote asthma through Th17 cells since IL-4 does regulate IL-17 levels. It has been widely accepted that Tregs are critically involved in immune tolerance and homeostasis. Although this concept was suggested in early 1970s, it was resuscitated in 1990s when thymus-derived CD4+CD25+ cells were identified as natural Tregs (nTregs) (Sakaguchi et al., 1995). While Foxp3 has been identified as a unique marker and functional transcription factor for these cells, studies on Tregs have been greatly accelerated. As Treg frequency and functional alterations are associated with many autoimmune diseases, the manipulation of these cells provides a promising treatment possibility for autoimmune diseases. In addition, use of Tregs may be valuable in the prevention of graft rejection of organ transplantation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Dr Bluestone's group further provides information on the potential use of these cells in the clinic. They reported that by 2011, three clinical trials have been undertaken to test the safety of Treg therapy in GVHD, and all have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy profiles. Compelling evidence from animal models and human patients demonstrates that tolerance to allogeneic transplant can be achieved by reconditioning the immune system, so that troublesome global immunosuppression can be minimized or completely stopped. They emphasize that a sound trial design should harness the tolerogenic potential of Tregs while minimizing risks. One potential risk with Treg therapy is that these cells can purportedly exhibit some measure of plasticity. Since little is known about the appropriate doses of Tregs in humans, initial trials should be safety-centered evaluating effect of increasing


Apparatus for guiding a biopsy instrument into a patient's tissue includes a cannula, a guide device, a support structure, the locking assembly, the. At least a portion of the biopsy instrument is insertable into the cannula. Guide device includes at least one guide hole. At least one guide hole is configured to receive the cannula. The support structure is configured to position the guide device against the patient's breast. Locking assembly includes a locking arm, the locking arm, the guide hole inside the cannula guide device is configured to engage the cannula to restrict the translational motion.


The market demand for high speed and low voltage non-volatile memories asks for much more efficient sense amplifiers. Actually a good sense amplifier works with 5 V power supply and is able to detect the cell content in less than 20 ns but in the future these constraints will become 3 V for power supply and less than 10 ns for sensing time. In this paper a 3 V power supply with 9 ns sensing time current mode sense amplifier is presented. It has been designed for a very small EPROM array and integrated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m technology (0.6 /spl mu/m in the matrix). Experimental result shows the overall sensing time to be lower than 10 ns even with 2.7 V power supply.


MARINE ENVIRONMENTS. The Significance of Trace Metal Concentrations in Marine Invertebrates (Philip Rainbow). Cadmium Bioaccumulation in the Scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis from an Unpolluted Environment (O.N. Lukyanova, N.N. Belcheva, V.P. Chelomin). Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution of Metals in the Marine Gastropod Nassarius reticulatus L. (T. Kaland, T. Andersen, K. Hylland). Metallothionein in Marine Molluscs (E. Carpene). Metal Concentrations in Antarctic Crustacea: The problem of Background Levels (G.P. Zauke, G. Petri). Effects of Cadmium on Survival, Biocaccumulation, Histopathology, and PGM Polymorphism in the Marine Isopod Idotea Baltica (M. de Nicola, N. Cardellicchio, C. Gambardella, S.M. Guarino, C. Marra). FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS. Metal Uptake, Regulation, and Excretion in Freshwater Invertebrates (Philip Rainbow and R. Dallinger). Accumulation and Effects of Trace Metals in Freshwater Invertebrates (K. R. Timmermans). Investigation of Uranium-Induced Toxicity in Freshwater Hydra (R.V. Hyne, G. D. Rippon, G. Ellender). Metal Regulation in Two Species of Freshwater Bivalves (M.H.S. Kraak, M. Toussaint, E.A.J. Bleeker, D. Lavy). Autoradiographic Study of Zinc in Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda) (Q. Xu). The Use of Freshwater Invertebrates for the Assessment of Metal Pollution in Urban Receiving Waters (R.R.F. Shutes, J.B. Ellis, A.D. Bascombe).Evolution of Resistance and Changes in Community-Composition in Metal-Polluted Environments: A Case-Study on Foundry Cove (P.L. Kierks and J. S. Levinton). TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS. Strategies of Metal Detoxification in Terrestrial Invertebrates (R. Dallinger). Budgeting the Flow of Cadmium and Zinc through the Terrestrial Gastropod, Helix pomatia L. (B. Berger, R. Dallinger, E. Felder, J. Moser). Quantitative Aspects of Zinc and Cadmium Binding in Helix pomatia: Differences between an Essential and a Non-Essential Trace Element (R. Dallinger, B. Berger, A. Gruber). Metal Relationships of Earthworms (A. J. Morgan, J. E. Morgan, M. Turner, C. Winter, A. Yarwood). Deficiency and Excess of Copper in Terrestrial Isopods (S. P. Hopkin). Metal Contamination Affects Size-Structure and Life-History Dynamics in Isopod Field Populations (M. H. Donker, H. E. van Capelleveen, N. M. van Straalen). Metal Bioaccumulation in a Host Insect (Lymantria disper L., Lepidoptera) During Development - Ecotoxicological Implications (J. Ortel, S. Gintenreiter, H. Nopp). Soil and Sediment Quality Criteria Derived from Invertebrate Toxicity Data (N. M. van Straalen).


In this paper we present how to plan, carry out panel- and trend studies as well as how to analyze the data obtained in these types of studies. Theoretical foundations of the abovementioned study designs, their similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages are also presented. We also discuss research questions which are the most suitable for panel- and trend studies as well as interpretation of the results. Examples of international and Russian panel- and trend studies published in international and Russian literature are presented.


AIM: Study of peripheral retinal degeneration in relation to axial length of eyeball in myopic patient. METHOD: Study of 200 eyes of 100 patients who attended our hospital between 2010-2012.Detailed history was taken in every case. Inclusion criteria were patient with age group of 11years -70years, Patient with myopia. Exclusion criteria were patient with photopsia, history of trauma, diabetes hypertensive and undergone RD surgeries. Vision and refraction with Streak Retinoscopy was done. Axial length was recorded by A-scan biometry. Fundoscopy was done in all cases. RESULT: In our study number of males was 54 and females were 46. Peripheral chorioretinal lesions were noted to be associated with increased axial length of eye 1, 2 .Greater the antero-posterior ocular diameter the greater chance of peripheral chorioretinal degeneration 2 . CONCLUSION: Examination of periphery of retina is important in all myopic cases. Lattice degenerations are most common lesions1, 3. 60% of lesions are found in superotemporal quadrant. Tendency of bilaterality4 is noted in all degenerations except paving stone degeneration. Prevalence of lattice degeneration is maximum in axial length between 28-30mm 5 .


Objective This study evaluates the feasibility of combining parameters derived from three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3D-QCA) with fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) calculated by computed tomography based on an artificial intelligence deep learning algorithm and to further assess the relevance of coronary artery stenosis lesions and myocardial functional lesions. Methods This study retrospectively included 595 patients suspected of coronary heart disease who received coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) or invasive coronary angiography (no coronary artery therapy has been performed in the past, coronary CTA examination was completed after admission followed by coronary angiography, and the interval was no more than 14 days) during hospitalization from December 2017 to December 2020. From these patients, a total of 1004 diseased blood vessels have been studied. Subsequent 3D-QCA was completed, followed by CT-FFR calculations, and the correlation analysis of the relevant parameters was carried out. According to the CT-FFR value, the patients were divided into non-functional lesion group with CT-FFR < 0.80 (n = 633) and functional lesion group with CT-FFR≤0.80 (n = 371). The diseased vessels included 443 anterior descending (LAD), 283 left circumflex (LCX), and 278 right coronary (RCA) vessels. ROC curves were drawn to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of 3D-QCA parameters for predicting non-functional lesions. Outcome Statistical analysis confirms that the differences in coronary artery diameter stenosis rate [(28.83±13.25)% and (39.29±15.39)%, P<0.001], cross-sectional area stenosis rate [(47.75±17.64)% and (60.89±17.12)%, P<0.001 ], volume stenosis rate [(22.20±8.85) % and (29.73±8.66) %, P<0.001] of non-functional lesion group and functional lesion group were significant. While above parameters was found to be negatively correlated with CT-FFR values (the correlation coefficients were r=-0.359, P<0.001, r=-0.361, P<0.001, r=-0.382, P<0.001), coronary artery stenosis diameter [( 1.75 ± 0.50) mm vs ( 0.83 ± 0.39) mm, P<0.001], stenosis cross-sectional area [(2.59 ± 1.45) mm^2 vs (1.58 ± 1.11) mm^2, P <0.001], plaque volume [(39.95±26.24) mm^3 vs. (45.86±27.73) mm^3, P<0.001] were found to be positively correlated with the CT-FFR value with statistical significance (the correlation coefficients were r = 0.433, P < 0.001, r = 0.413, P < 0.001, r = -0.076, P = 0.016). The stenosis diameter greater than 1.455mm predicted non-functional ischemia with a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 64.2%. The stenosis cross-sectional area greater than 1.585 mm^2 predicted nonfunctional ischemia with a sensitivity of 73.5% and a specificity of 60.1% Conclusions There is a specific correlation between the diameter stenosis rate, area stenosis rate, and volume stenosis rate of coronary artery in the relevant parameters of quantitative analysis of three-dimensional coronary angiography and CTFFR value. However, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting whether the lesions are myocardial ischemia-related lesions are not high. Besides, since CT-FFR has certain characteristics in the functional evaluation of related diseased blood vessels, we recommended popularizing and promoting CT-FFR measurement technology for patients with suspected coronary heart disease before coronary angiography.


The present study aims to understand how the journey of the first southern Brazilian sailor to participate in the Olympic Games (OG) of the Modern Era occurred. To that end, the sources used were Brazilian newspapers, which were submitted to documentary analysis. Yachting, since the OG of 1900, has continued in all subsequent editions with an increasing number of countries participating in the disputes. Brazil's participation in this modality began in the 1936 OG. Brazilian Olympic athletes precursors of sailing were linked to clubs in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Only in the editions of the OG of the 1950s, the Brazilian delegation will be composed of sailors from other Brazilian states. The southern Brazilian athlete Alfredo Jorge Ebling Bercht did his debut in 1952 and, in 1956, participated with his brother, Rolf Ebling Bercht. The sources revealed that the participation of Alfredo Ebling Bercht in the OG of the 1950s did not obtain prominence in the press of Rio Grande do Sul and was little mentioned in the one of Brazil, despite the trajectory of this sailor in regional and national competitions are followed conquests and these are valued and published by the newspapers. In addition, the trajectory of this sailor shows the disputes between modalities inside the confederations.


This important and comprehensive manual provides guidelines for statistical offices and other agencies responsible for constructing CPIs and explains in depth the methods that are used to calculate a CPI. It also examines the underlying economic and statistical concepts and principles needed for making choices in efficient and cost-effective ways and for appreciating the full implications of those choices.


This article reports the results of a survey conducted in 2015 of librarians who work for small town and rural public libraries throughout the United States. Questions were asked about personnel statistics, budget, community involvement, programs, technology, managerial challenges, and how to solve the organization's problems. The purpose of this research was to ascertain if conditions have improved for libraries in areas of low population and what managerial challenges these librarians faced. The survey found that financial conditions had improved or will improve in the future and that the most challenging managerial issue was staffing.


Variations of word order are among the most well-known phenomena of natural languages. From st well represented sample of world languages, Steele[13] shows that about 76% of languages exhibit significant word order variation. In addition to the wellknown Walpiri(Australian language), several languages such as Japanese, Thai, German, Hindi, and Finnish also allow considerable word order variations. It is widely admitted that such variations are" governed by generalizations that should be expressed by the grammars. Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG)[7] provides a method to account for these generalizations by decomposing the grammar rules to Immediate Dominance(ID) rules and Linear Preeedence(LP) rules. Using ID/LP formalism, the flexible word order languages can be concisely and more easily described. However, designing an efficient algorithm to pnt the seperated components back in real parsing is a difficult problem. Given a set of ID/LP rules, one alternative method for parsing is to compile it into another grammar description language, e.g. Context-Free Grammar(CFG), for which there exist some parsing algorithms. However, the received object grammar tends to be so huge and can slow down the parsing time dramatically. Also, the method losts the modularity of ID/LP formalism. Another set of approaches[ll, 4, 11 tries to keep ID and LP rules as they are, without expanding them out to other formalisms. Shieber[ll] has proposed an interesting algorithm for direct ID/LP parsing by generalizing Earley's algorithm[6] to use tile constraints of ID/LP rules directly. Despite of its possibility of blowing up in the worst ease, Barton[3] has shown that Shieber's direct parsing algorithm usually does have a time advantage over the use of Earley's algoo rithm oll the expanded CFG. Thus the direct parsing strategy is likely to be an appealing candidate for parsing with ID/LP rules from the computational point of view. In this paper, we present a new approach to direct ID/LP rules parsing that outperforms the prcvious methods. Besides of the direct parsing property, three features contribute to its efficiency. First, ID rules are precompiled to generalized discrimination networks[9] to yield compact representation of parsing states, hence less computation time. Second, LP rules are also precompiled into a Hasse diagram to minimize the time used for order legality cheek at run time. And, third, its bottom-up depth-first parsing strategy minimizes the work of edge check and therefore saves a lot of processing time. We will first describe briefly each feature of our parser. Then, we will show the parsing algorithm and an example of parsing. The comparisons of our approach with other related works are also described. Finally, we give a conclusion and our future works.


The theme of Cultural Anthropology is to explore the human-beings's culture while the religious deeds,namely DUJIE is very important in the Religious Culture System.As the religious culture of Yao people,DUJIE means far beyong its religious connoation.To some extent we can say that it bears the deep ethnic culture mission.With the help of this institutional ceremony,DUJIE infuses traditional moral,social responsibilities,life etiquettes and cultural education into those young men who are going to step into the society.DUJIE ceremony with symbolic meanings and connotation ajusts relations between humanbeings and humanbeings,hunmanbeings,society and peoples,which is good for establishing a harmonious relations between peoples and society.


BACKGROUND
Cancer family history is a vital part of cancer genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT), but increasing indications for germline cancer GT necessitate less labor-intensive models of collection. We evaluated the impact of GC on patient pedigrees generated by an electronic cancer family history questionnaire (eCFHQ).

METHODS
An Institutional Review Board-approved review of pedigrees collected through an eCFHQ was conducted. Paired pre-GC and post-GC pedigrees (n=1,113 each group) were analyzed independently by cancer genetic counselors for changes in patient-reported clinical history and to determine whether the pedigrees met NCCN GT criteria. Discrepancy in meeting NCCN GT criteria between pre-GC and post-GC pedigrees was the outcome variable of logistic regressions, with patient and family history characteristics as covariates.

RESULTS
Overall, 780 (70%) patients had cancer (affected), 869 (78%) were female, and the median age was 57 years (interquartile range, 45-66 years; range, 21-91 years). Of the 1,113 pairs of pre-GC and post-GC pedigrees analyzed, 85 (8%) were blank, 933 (84%) were not discrepant, and 95 (9%) were discrepant in meeting any NCCN GT criteria. Of the discrepant pedigrees, n=79 (83%) became eligible for testing by at least one of the NCCN GT criteria after GC. Patients with discrepant pedigrees were more likely to report no or unknown history of GT (odds ratio [OR], 4.54; 95% CI, 1.66-18.70; P=.01, and OR, 18.47; 95% CI, 5.04-88.73; P<.0001, respectively) and belonged to racially and/or ethnically underrepresented groups (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.08-3.25; P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS
For most patients (84%), a standalone eCFHQ was sufficient to determine whether NCCN GT criteria were met. More research is needed on the performance of the eCFHQ in diverse patient populations.


Background and Objective: Thailand has the highest incidence rate of cholangiocarcinoma in the world. Previous studies on the knowledge of this disease were mostly performed in the middle-aged population. However, college students, who are expected to receive sufficient knowledge from the preventive  campaignof this disease which has been launched since the past ten years, have not been explored for their knowledge. This study aimed to examine: 1) proportions of KhonKaen University students who  had sufficient knowledge about food and food preparation that increase risk of Opisthorchisviverrini  infection and cholangiocarcinoma; 2) proportions of KhonKaen University students who  had sufficient knowledge about Opisthorchisviverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma; and 3) types of food and food preparation related to these diseases but commonly misunderstood. Method: Descriptive study, at KhonKaen University. Population: A total of 357 undergraduate KhonKaen University students who live in the campus were recruited using a systematic sampling from a total of 9,689 people. Tools and measurement: a self-administered questionnaire. Data analyses: SPSS v. 19 and Epi Info v. 3.5.4  were used to analyzed proportions, frequency and 95% Confidence interval. Results: The response rate was 93.83 %( 335/357). In all, 12 (3.7%, 95%CI: 1.99, 6.47) Khon Kaen University students had sufficient knowledge about food and food preparation that increase risk of Opisthorchisviverrini  infection and cholangiocarcinoma. The number of students who hadsufficient knowledge about food at risk of Opisthorchisviverrini  infection  was 82 (24.6%).  A total of 202 persons (61.0%) misunderstood about food preparation, of which the most common misunderstood method was soft-boiled. The most frequently reported misunderstood types of food included cooked fermented fish, pickled crab and raw shrimp. Forty one persons (12.3%) reported misunderstood about nitrosamine-rich food. Conclusion: There was a small number of KhonKaen University students having sufficient knowledge regarding Opisthorchisviverrini  infection and cholangiocarcinoma. The most common reported insufficient knowledge was nitrosamine-rich food and food that had metacercaria of liver fluke.


Abstract Formaldehyde-based resin and petroleum-based plastic are often used as an adhesive in plywood manufacturing, which has an adverse effect on people's health and the global environment. We h...


A measurement program was conducted to record the sonic boom environment under a busy supersonic air combat maneuver training (ACM) arena. Simultaneous with sonic boom measurements, a complete record was made of supersonic activity. The measurements provided validation of the predicted elliptical pattern of C-weighted day-night average sound level (Lcdn) contours and demonstration of the nature of ACM sonic boom, which often includes non-W-wave signatures. Correlation of measured booms with flight activity data provided a quantitative model for prediction of LCdn contours for other similar airspaces. I. Introduction E NVIRONMENTAL assessment of sonic booms generated by supersonic air combat maneuver (ACM) training requires prediction of the C-weighted day-night average sound level (Lcdn). Initial efforts to compute LCdn contours1 were based on analysis of tracking data from an air combat maneuver instrumentation (ACMI) system, combined with simplified calculations2 of carpet booms (i.e., booms from steady level flight) for average supersonic conditions. The resultant model showed that supersonic activity occurs in an elliptical maneuver area centered between setup points used by pilots before engagement, and that LCdn contours are elliptical and aligned with the maneuver ellipse. Field validation of predictions for a new supersonic military operating area (MOA) confirmed the elliptical pattern, but measured LCdn values were at least 10 dB below predictions.3 The difference was thought to be due to the difference between carpet sonic boom footprints and the more complex footprints (described in Sec. III.B, below) which actually result from the supersonic phases of air combat maneuvers. The data collected and reported in Ref. 3 were, however, too sparse to draw general conclusions. Accordingly, a project was undertaken to measure sonic booms in a busy supersonic airspace. A 6 month sonic boom measurement program was conducted in the Lava/Mesa airspace at the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. This airspace is used for ACM training, primarily by F-15 aircraft from Holloman AFB. Thirty five sonic boom monitors were deployed. During the measurement period, all flight activity data for the airspace was reviewed and correlated with measured booms. A sample of ACMI tracking data was obtained for detailed analysis of particular events and to develop an understanding of how and when supersonic events occurred. Section II contains a description of the measurement program. Following completion of the measurements, statistical analyses were made of sonic booms identified with ACM activity.


The radiation grafting method is of interest for the preparation of ion-exchange membranes for electrochemical and other applications. Typically styrene is used in this method because the grafted polystyrene can be readily modified to introduce a variety of functionalities. The grafting of poly(ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene), or ETFE, films with styrene by the pre-irradiation method has been investigated and compared to that of poly(tetrafluorethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), or FEP, and poly(vinylidene fluoride), or PVDF. The influence of base polymer film properties such as film thickness, extent of orientation, and molar mass on the grafting behavior of ETFE films is reported. Film orientation was found to often have a dominant influence either directly, as in the case of monoaxially oriented films, or indirectly, as a result of the film extrusion process. In addition, the effects of the irradiation type and atmosphere and grafting temperature on the grafting behavior of one ETFE film type were examined in more detail.


We report herein the facile and one‐pot synthesis of α‐mono‐ and di‐substituted benzylamines from cheap and readily available α‐amino acids, via photocatalytic decarboxylative arylation in flow. This enables to access intermediates and building blocks that are difficult to obtain via other synthetic routes, but are key for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. The optimal decarboxylative conditions were identified through a high‐throughput evaluation of catalysts, organic or inorganic bases, ligands, and reaction parameters (i. e., contact time, temperatures, and photoelectron power). The reaction turned out to be electronically controlled as the yields increased with increasing electron‐density on the aryl moiety. The results were correlated with the redox properties of the photocatalysts, deriving catalyst structure‐performance relationships which can facilitate the future identification of even better materials. In addition, compared to traditional batch chemistry, the use of a flow protocol led to quicker reactions (30 min instead of 12–72 h) and ensured more predictable reaction scale‐ups.


Presence of instruction and data caches in processors create lack of predictability in execution timings. Hard real-time systems require absolute guarantees about execution time, and hence the timing effects of caches need to be modeled while estimating the Worst-case Execution Time (WCET) of a program. In this work, we consider the modeling of a generic cache architecture which is most common in commercial processors --- separate instruction and data caches in the first level and a unified cache in the second level (which houses code as well as data). Our modeling is used to develop a timing analysis method built on top of the Chronos WCET analysis tool. Moreover we use our unified cache modeling to develop WCET-driven code and data layout optimizations --- where the code and data layout are optimized {\em simultaneously} for reducing WCET.


The heliosheath is a highly variable plasma environment. The plasma parameters across the heliosheath are presented and their time evolution discussed. Large fluctuations in velocity, density, and temperature occur on time scales of tens of minutes throughout the heliosheath. The radial speed, density, and temperature and their fluctuations decrease across the heliosheath. The flow angles increase but large fluctuations remain. Instrumental cutoffs for large flow angles affect the observed flow angle distributions. Since these distributions are Gaussian we can compensate for these effects and find that flow angles in the RT plane are about 50% larger than previously results and 150% larger than the RN flow angles.


Recently published papers dealing with issues of scale and preference heterogeneity are having a significant impact on the choice modeling community. In particular, the generalized multinomial logit model (GMNL) is now being widely promoted as the model of choice in many discipline areas given its purported ability to separately identify scale and preference heterogeneity. The purpose of this paper is to firstly discuss a number of issues related to the estimation of the GMNL model. The second objective of the paper is to argue that the GMNL model does not in fact untangle scale and preference heterogeneity as has been reported and that the outputs derived from the model have been misinterpreted. The authors further argue that the model is not a generalized version of the mixed multinomial logit model, but in fact is a mixed multinomial logit with more flexible, but still restrictive, mixtures of distributions that do not necessarily equate to an ability to capture scale heterogeneity. They finally discuss the only theoretical circumstance under which random scale and preference can be separately identified within the logit family of models.


Differences in state-level program review processes can be explained in terms of six key design decisions and the implementation environment.


This paper evaluates the level of success of users of the CAPES Digital Library of Scientific Journals, when searching for a specific journal and the reasons for their failures. The methodology used was quantitative with some qualitative data collected. The study used descriptive statistics to analyze two questions of a survey concerning the Portal´s user satisfaction which were answered by 930 faculty members of 17 universities in Brazil. The areas of knowledge investigated were Biological Sciences, Humanities and Linguistics, Literature and the Arts. The results show that 645 (70%) of the researchers are almost always or frequently successful when searching for a specific journal in the Portal. Researchers in Linguistics, Literature and the Arts are the least successful. For 76% of the researchers, the main reason for not obtaining success is the absence of the journal in the collection. Responses to open questions reveal that, especially for older literature, the journal might be present in the collection but the specific issue needed may be absent or access to full text of the particular article sought may be restricted. Reasons for failure related to factors such as usability, difficulty with foreign languages and lack of training or difficulties for access were less cited by respondents.


Two classes of models for graded responses, the first based on the work of Thurstone and the second based on the work of Rasch, are juxtaposed and shown to satisfy important, but mutually incompatible, criteria and to reflect different response processes. Specifically, in the Thurstone models if adjacent categories are joined to form a new category, either before or after the data are collected, then the probability of a response in the new category is the sum of the probabilities of the responses in the original categories. However, the model does not have the explicit property that if the categories are so joined, then the estimate of the location of the entity or object being measured is invariant before and after the joining. For the Rasch models, if a pair of adjacent categories are joined and then the data are collected, the es-timate of the location of the entity is the same before and after the joining, but the probability of a response in the new category is not the sum of the probabilities of the responses in the original categories. Furthermore, if data satisfy the model and the categories are joined after the data are collected, then they no longer satisfy the same Rasch model with the smaller number of categories. These differences imply that the choice between these two classes of models for graded responses is not simply a matter of preference; they also permit a better understanding of the choice of models for graded response data as a function of the underlying processes they are intended to represent. Index terms: graded responses, joining assumption, polytomous IRT models, Rasch model, Thurstone model.


According to coal resources anticipation of Wu mu area,using seismic exploration tool,through the geological explained of the reflection on earthquake profile time section,understood the geological structure,attitude of stratum and distribution of coal seam,identify depth and scope of the main recoverable coal seams,find the key area,and the good geological effect is achieved.


Axisymmetric equilibrium reconstruction using magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium solutions to the Grad–Shafranov equation has long been an important tool for interpreting tokamak experiments. This paper describes recent results in non-axisymmetric (three-dimensional) equilibrium reconstruction of nominally axisymmetric plasmas (tokamaks and reversed field pinches (RFPs)), and fully non-axisymmetric plasmas (stellarators). Results from applying the V3FIT code to CTH and HSX stellarator plasmas, RFX-mod RFP plasmas and the DIII-D tokamak are presented.


Genetic algorithms can be used to perform an automated trade study analysis for component selection with the OMG Systems Modeling Language or OMG SysML™. However, the genetic algorithm encoding based on a single string with real‐value encoding failed to include the relationships in the OMG SysML™ model for the solution space. The genetic algorithm was then unable to perform an automated reasoning through the OMG SysML™ as a result. To solve this problem, this study proposes tree encoding as the encoding technique for the OMG SysML™ elements. Tree encoding offers a simple way to include blocks and their relationships into a genotype without altering its semantics. The scope of this study is limited to a preliminary investigation of the block definition diagram. The result from this study suggests that the conceptual idea can be applied to the genetic algorithm and the potential use of the approach in the trade study analysis, reasoning, and machine learning.


The majority of this article details the many synthetic routes and compounds that can be accessed in combinations of boron reagents with amines. Lewis acid-base adducts are the simplest type of compounds, and lead into the more complex aminoboranes and iminoboranes. Owing to their widespread importance and usage, the borazines, pyrazaboles, and polypyrazaolyborates are covered in separate sections. The newly emerging fields of boron–nitrogen cations and boron nitride solid-state materials are covered in detail.

Keywords:

synthesis;
amine;
solid-state;
material


The isolated unilateral agenesis of the unilateral pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a very rare anomaly, with a prevalence of 1 in 200 000 population. This abnormality was first described by Frentzel in 1868.1 According to the existing nomenclature of pharyngeal arches, this abnormality occurs as a result of early resorption of the proximal part of the right sixth arch leading to the failure of connection between the right pulmonary artery and pulmonary trunk.2 However, there remains confusion as regards to the definite nomenclature of pharyngeal arches in humans.


On 23 and 24 February 2016 the Programme: Rural Development hosted a workshop at Elsenburg to update stakeholders on the progress made with the Agri-worker Household Census and to share important findings made to date.


<jats:p>The Spectral Form Factor (SFF) is a convenient tool for the
characterization of eigenvalue statistics of systems with discrete
spectra, and thus serves as a proxy for quantum chaoticity. This work
presents an analytical calculation of the SFF of the Chern-Simons Matrix
Model (CSMM), which was first introduced to describe the intermediate
level statistics of disordered electrons at the mobility edge . The CSMM
is characterized by a parameter <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>0\leq q\leq 1</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, where the Circular Unitary
Ensemble (CUE) is recovered for <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>q\to 0</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>.
The CSMM was later found as a matrix model description of
<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>U(N)</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
Chern-Simons theory on <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>S^3</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
, which is dual to a topological string theory characterized by string
coupling <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>g_s=-\log q</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mo>log</mml:mo><mml:mi>q</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>.
The spectral form factor is proportional to a colored HOMFLY invariant
of a <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>(2n,2)</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>-torus
link with its two components carrying the fundamental and
antifundamental representations, respectively. We check explicitly that
taking <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>N \to \infty</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
whilst keeping <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>q<1</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
reduces the connected SFF to an exact linear ramp of unit slope, thereby
confirming the main result from for the specific case of the CSMM. We then consider the 't Hooft limit, where
<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>N \to \infty</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
and <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>q \to 1^-</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
such that <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>y=q^N</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
remains finite. As we take
<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>q\to 1^-</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>q</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, this constitutes the opposite extreme of the CUE limit. In the 't Hooft limit, the connected SFF turns into a remarkable sequence of
polynomials which, as far as the authors are aware, have not appeared in
the literature thus far. A gap opens in the spectrum and, after
unfolding by a constant rescaling, the connected SFF approximates a
linear ramp of unit slope for all <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>y</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
except <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>y \approx 1</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>≈</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>,
where the connected SFF goes to zero. We thus find that, although the
CSMM was introduced to describe intermediate statistics and the 't Hooft
limit is the opposite limit of the CUE, we still recover Wigner-Dyson
universality for all <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>y</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
except <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives>
<jats:tex-math>y\approx 1</jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:mo>≈</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p>


What the firewall technology protects is a piece of network with clear closed boundary in the network,and its defense object is the threat on network security from outside the protected piece of network.With the rapid development of the Internet,the firewall is widely used.In-depth understanding of the firewall system is very important.This paper makes the systematic analysis on the firewall system and structure,and discusses the advantages and shortages of the firewall,including its development trend in fature.


A terrestrial gastropod moves on highly viscous mucus with surface waves. The model presented in this paper considers the shear flow induced by surface velocity of the foot. According to the numerical analysis, the body moves in the same direction as the surface waves. The film thickness shows a wavy distribution due to the shear flow induced by the periodic stretch-shrink action. Consequently, the net traction becomes positive because of the phase difference between the film thickness and the surface velocity. The calculated result was compared with the measured result for a snail. Such a mechanism may be applied to operate endoscopes, catheters or medical robots in patient's bodies with minimum invasion.