Radiographic examination of the chest in cases known to have or suspected of having a non-opaque foreign body in the bronchus is essential to demonstrate whether or not the following diagnostic points are present: 1. Increased radiability denoting emphysema on the affected side. 2. Decreased excursion and flattened diaphragm on the affected side. 3. Displaced heart and mediastinal structures toward the unaffected side. These findings have been carefully treated by Drs. Manges and Jackson in medical literature, and, either singly or combined, considered to be of extreme importance. However, the films of some cases proven by bronchoscopy to have had such an obstruction do not show these findings with striking contrast, especially the emphysematous condition. Films showing this to a slight degree, but not enough to produce the other conditions, are viewed with a certain reservation by the surgeon, and the roentgenologist cannot definitely state that there is sufficient evidence present on which to base a pos...


Objective To observe matrine's inhibitory effect on the growth of ACHN human renal cell carcinoma in vitro and explore its possible mechanism.Methods The cell line of ACHN human renal cell carcinoma was treated with matrine of different concentrations for 24,48,72 and 96 h,respectively.MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of matrine on ACHN cells.The ACHN cell apoptosis induced by matrine was detected with transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were evaluated with immunocytochemical technique.Results Matrine of different concentrations had a cytotoxic effect on ACHN cell line in obvious dose-and time-dependent manners.Matrine could obviously induce apoptosis of ACHN cell line.Bax protein expression was significantly increased while the expression of Bcl-2 protein declined but with no significant difference.Conclusion Matrine has an obvious inhibitory effect on proliferation of ACHN renal cell carcinoma in vitro,which may be related to down-regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax protein expression and promoting cell apoptosis.


Human Resource Management (HRM) has been a neglected field of study in the context of Local Economic Development, which is surprising given that the management and coordination of people involved in LED interventions is critical to their success. The aim of this article is to introduce HRM to LED students and practitioners and explain how the various HRM principles, functions and practices could be applied within the context of LED. The article is based on an extensive literature review and discusses the history of HRM briefly, the objectives and functions of HRM, and the concepts of human capital and social capital, which now influence the direction of HRM theory and practice, especially with reference to LED. The application of HRM in LED is then discussed and finally, the use of systems thinking is explained as a framework for understanding and applying HRM in LED initiatives.


OBJECTIVE
To study the two-axis parallel method in bone lengthening.

METHODS
Among 54 patients (male 28, female 26, mean age 22) who performed tibial lengthening by metaphyseal osteotomy using two-axis parallel method, 26 patients were poliomyelitis sequelae, 13 patients were inequality in limb length after trauma, 4 patients were achondroplasia, 6 patients were genetic short stature, 1 patient was maculatum disease complicated with leg length discrepancy, 4 patients were pituitary dwarfism.

RESULTS
All the patients were followed up and the duration ranged from 18 months to 45 months, with an average of 24.5 months. All patients had bone lengthened. The maximum increase of limb length was 12 cm and the minimum increase was 5 cm, averaged 6.2 cm. One patient had foot drop, 2 patients had foot drop complicated with strephexopodia, 1 patient had serious pinhole infection, and 1 patient had delayed union of the bone.

CONCLUSION
The two-axis parallel method tibial lengthening by metaphyseal osteotomy can reduce postoperative complications and simplify the operative procedure, which is an ideal method for bone lengthening.


The crustal low-velocity layers(CLVL) occuring in the middle andlower crust have been found in many regions around the world and correspond mostly to tectonically or seismically active belts with high heat flow.The origin of CLVL has been explained in different ways. In our research, the compressional wave velocity (V_p) of 138 rock samples of the Precambrian basement and intrusions of various ages from the Qinling Orogenic Belt and North China Craton were measured under high temperatures(up to 1500℃) and high pressures(up to 3 GPa)simultaneously according to the relationship of Pand T given by the geotherm of e regions. The exPerimental products have been examlned by microscope and EPMA.54 samples show the characteristic phenomenon of V_p decrease with increasing depth. V_p increases rapidly with depth in the range between 0 and 10km, slowly increase in the range between 10 and 30 km ,and reaches the maximum at 750-920 ℃ and 0.630.90 GPa(corresponding to 21 -30km). Then it gradually decreases to the minimum at 1100-1200℃ and 0.99-1.50 GPa(30-50km). The greatest differences between the maximum and minimum is 1.6 km/s or 21 %. Mineral constitutions and textures of experimental products indicate that the dehydration, phase n and partial melt of water-bearing minerals, such as hornblende and biotite, are responsible for tha V_p decrease ,This would induce the increase in electrical conductivity simultaneously. The results suggest that dehydration melting of hydrous minerals might be an important mechanism for CLVL observed in the continental crust of the study area and probably other parts of the world.


Objective To investigate the effect of different healthy educational modes on the glaucoma patients. Methods One hundred and sixty-two cases of glaucoma were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n = 81 in each group). The patients in the observation group received independent healthy education, while those in the control group were subjected to scheduled healthy education.' Results The effective rate of healthy education in the observation group was 100. 0%, while that in the control group was 82. 7%. 96. 3% of the patients in the observation group and 69. 1% in the control group actively inquired the educational contents. The satisfied degree of the patients to the healthy education was 96. 3% and 76. 5% in the observation group and control group respectively (all P0. 05). Conclusion The efficacy of independent healthy educational mode was obviously better than that of scheduled healthy educational one.


This paper proposes a new methodology to extract biometric features of plant leaf structures. Combining computer vision techniques and plant taxonomy protocols, these methods are capable of identif...


Frances Swiney, a prominent British suffragist and social purity activist, wrote a number of influential feminist works in the early 20th century. Combining scientific/eugenic ideas and spiritualism, Swiney argued that women represented a higher stage of evolutionary development than men and that the human species was in the process of moving beyond differentiated sex into an androgynous, though essentially feminine, being. Traditionally, eugenics had defined women almost exclusively in terms of their reproductive capacities, arguing that anything which interfered with motherhood, like higher education or careers, was a threat to civilization. Swiney sought to circumvent the biological imperative by redefining eugenics as a moral and spiritual enterprise in which women could modify evolution through force of will. In particular, she drew upon Theosophical spiritualism to argue that human evolution would reach its highest phase in a future, sexless society. Born in 1847 and mother of six children, Swiney was a well-known suffragist whose writings on sexuality exerted great influence on Edwardian feminism. When she was in her 50s, she began a successful literary career, publishing numerous books and pamphlets on a variety of feminist themes. In addition to her busy career as a writer, Swiney was president of the Cheltenham branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, and a founding member of the Eugenics Society in 1907. Beginning in 1899 with The Awakening of Women, Swiney argued for the biological superiority of women – one of her favorite themes. In her characteristically florid style, Swiney proclaimed that 'science has . . . abundantly proved that in the mysterious evolution of sex, the male element was first non-existent; and on its first initial appearance was primarily an excresence, a superfluity, a waste product of Nature, discarded or expelled by the female or mother organism, and, unless reunited to the parent, perished'.


In this work, we discuss a class of linear iterative learning control (ILC) systems which are iteration-varying with system output constraints. It can be shown that the objective of ensuring convergence of system output tracking error and satisfying system output constraints can be converted to a convex optimization problem, in which the objective function is quadratic and the constraints are convex. Under the proposed algorithm, tracking error convergence can be guaranteed over the iteration domain. A simulation study based on a wafer stage system is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.


Tlhe mutltiplicity and diversity of these effects naturally led to the assumnption thlami nmore thani onie aniterior pituitary hormnione must be responsible for tlhemll, anid so it is that .somie lhave attemi-pted to distiniguiislh a girowtlh lhormnionie aniid a sex or gonadotrope ho1imone (Evalns and Sinmpsoni, 1928), whilst otlhers lhave soughlt to analyse tIme latter into a hormonie that promotes follicutlar dev elopment in the ovary and another which induces luteinization. By some it lhas beeni assunmed that the growth hornmone is antagonistic to the sex lhormone-the oestrus-produicing agent (Evans


Couples that include an addict establish over time a stable pattern of deviant behavior that is reciprocally influenced by each spouse's level of drug use. Adequate intervention strategies must understand this dynamic in order to promote successful change. This article describes how behavioral patterns of narcotics addicts are affected by their spouses' addictive consumption of drugs. Analyses are conducted for men and women separately to explore gender differences with the use of retrospective self-report data on addiction histories collected from over 600 addicts who were admitted to methadone maintenance clinics in Southern California. Time-series analyses are conducted at the aggregate level to examine dynamic relationships between self's and spouse's narcotics use and other behaviors (e.g., employment, crime involvement, and alcohol use). Results indicate gender differences in conformity to spouse's drug use, especially for women, and in the effects of addiction on the related behaviors. These results suggest that intervention efforts should extend to addicts' partners in addition to the addicts themselves. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The process of constitution-making went through several stages; as it was initially appeared in the form of grant solely by the rules. However, this process became political elitism over time, culminating in setting constitution being as part of the changes towards democracy, and constitution-making became part of the peace-building process within societies The principle of public participation and transparency has formed a cornerstone in the area of constitution-making; as they guarantee the success of the process and the balance between the unity of the homeland and peculiarities of the multiple and the various components of societies Thus, this process has two dimensions in terms of importance; one is a national dimension and the other is an international dimension, which is represented in the participation of the international community in the constitution-making process, especially in post-conflict states or the states that have just emerged from conflict. This international participation is just an embodiment of the principle of public participation and transparency in building national constitutions .


This paper finds that the predicted unemployment rate in a community increases dramatically when the fraction of neighborhood residents with college degrees drops below twenty percent. This threshold behavior provides empirical support for "epidemic" theories of inner-city unemployment. Using a structural model with unobserved neighborhood heterogeneity in productivity due to sorting, I show that sorting alone cannot generate the observed thresholds without also implying a wage distribution which is inconsistent with that observed in microeconomic data. Social interaction effects are thus a necessary element in any suitable explanation for the data.


Graphene, a two-dimensional honeycomb sp2 carbon lattice has received enormous attention because of the potential for various applications such as the electrodes of photovoltaic devices and batteries, next-generation flexible electronics and even antibacterial coatings. Interest in the application of graphene is mainly due to its unique physical and chemical properties, flexibility, and tuneability of the properties in graphene-based materials. However, while promising applications of graphene are being discussed, the term 'graphene' is often misused, and the difficulties in large-scale production of true two-dimensional graphene have further limited its applications. Methods such as top-down solution-processed exfoliation were developed to overcome the obstacles for large-scale graphene production, but these approaches do not yet produce completely delaminated and homogeneous graphene. To monitor and optimise the graphene production process, the development of a fast, standardised and reliable characterisation protocol for large-scale solution-processed graphene is therefore desirable.

Among the many characteristics of graphene flakes, the nano-structural features including the lateral dimension, crystal imperfections and the thicknesses of graphene are the most important factors that affect the various properties of graphene. However, though many of the analytical techniques have continuously been improved, methods to obtain and quantify these graphene nano-structural features are still limited. This is owing to the difficulties of visualising the ultra-thin nano-flakes and the fact that many of the properties of graphene are still unknown to be used to identify the material.

In this study, a characterisation protocol was proposed to quantify the fundamental nano- structural features of graphene. In all cases, the nano-structural feature was initially characterised by using the most precise technique based on direct imaging from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the results were being used as benchmarks for the other fast but less direct methods that based on photon-probe techniques. To integrate and assess different characterisation techniques, quantification and statistical analysis of results have been used.

By utilising the method proposed, it was found that the lateral dimension distribution of graphene can be rapidly obtained by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), especially for flakes smaller than 1000 nm. The crystalline imperfections within graphene can be obtained and quantified by conventional Raman spectroscopy, in which a simple method based on linear correlation and random sampling was proposed to indicate the source of disorder in graphene samples. The result was compared to the TEM study, and the differences were assigned to the uneven distribution of the defects in graphene flakes. The thickness of graphene was characterised via various techniques. Several empirical equations were derived in order to can be rapidly obtained the thickness of graphene. However, it may not be feasible at this stage to develop a method to accurately determine graphene thickness for large-scale characterisation. It was found that the level of graphitic character could be obtained utilising the variation of Raman 2D (G') band, which is rather more important, and can be used to improve the graphene synthesis process.

In summary, the proposed graphene characterisation protocol offers a practical method to integrate and evaluate different characterisation techniques. Also, the protocol development method can be used as a reference point, which can be applied to other materials for developing material-specific characterisation protocols. Nevertheless, it has been shown that such a graphene characterisation protocol has the ability to quantify and differentiate between inhomogeneous solution-processed graphene samples and can be used for optimising the graphene synthesis processes.


Computational narratives embed data and the computations that process and visualize that data into a story. They introduce some challenges, such as they need to be structured to be easily adapted to a wide range of audiences and contexts, e.g., different technologies providing visual elements for communication. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a paradigm that proposes the specification of models of a specific domain and transformations between them with many purposes. This work aims to analyze computational narratives from the perspective of MDE to address their challenges. We propose a narrative metamodel based on an existing conceptual model, and we explore the definition of model transformations for converting narrative models into HTML and Jupyter documents. We also exemplify the MDE approach using a real-life narrative referring to COVID-19 and provide some ideas for future research lines


In this paper, we consider the regularity problem under the critical
condition to the Newton-Boussinesq equations. The Serrin type
regularity criteria are established in terms of the critical
Morrey-Campanato spaces and Besov spaces.


The concept of group construction vector for visual cryptography was proposed,and the method based on group construction vector was presented for constructing basic matrices.The complete solutions of group construction vector and that of grouped visual cryptography schemes were obtained.Using the group construction vectors,everyone can construct visual cryptography schemes simply and effectively according to the formulas.The schemes with d=m and irreducible schemes also were researched.The concept and the complete solutions of group construction vector can also present very valuable ideas for the further research on visual cryptography.


A vehicle computer (12) comprises a vehicle display (18) and a vehicle input device (20), and a mobile telephone (16) comprises a mobile telephone display (26) and a mobile telephone input device (28). A method for controlling the vehicle computer (12) using the mobile telephone (16) has the following steps: an application (46) runs on the mobile telephone (16); a control command for the vehicle (14) is entered into the application (46) by a user using the mobile telephone input device (28); a software library (40), which can be used by multiple applications, is operated by means of the application (46); the mobile telephone (16) is connected to the vehicle computer (16) via a local network connection (30) using the software library (40), a software interface (42) for the software library (40) being implemented in the vehicle computer (12); the control command is transmitted to the software interface (42); and the control command is carried out by the vehicle computer (12).


Indentation crack-shape evolution during subcritical crack growth was examined in soda-lime glass. Crack-arrest markings were generated on the fracture surfaces by temporary unloading during subcritical crack growth. Crack shapes were determined from these crack-arrest markings by optical microscopy. The shapes were found to be semi-elliptical, but the ellipticity changed significantly with crack extension under an applied bending stress. Crack-shape evolution was predicted by using the stress intensity factor equation for a semi-elliptical crack for the applied stress distribution and the subcritical crack growth parameters for the material/environment system. Experimental results were found to be in excellent agreement with the predictions. The influence of the initial crack size and shape, the loading configuration, and the subcritical crack growth exponent it on crack-shape evolution was also investigated in the simulations. It was found that, for the particular loading configuration and material, there is an equilibrium shape associated with the subcritically growing crack. The variation in crack shape with its extension during subcritical crack growth was found to be an important factor in lifetime prediction.


ABSTRACT Legal services advertising is examined within the framework of categorization and persuasive communications theories. Advertising cues that are moderately congruent with an attorneys' schema are suggested to encourage consumers to engage in more elaborate message processing. The believability of legal services advertising is addressed using the persuasive communication theory. It is suggested that consumers' initial attitudinal position exerts a positive influence on the believability of message arguments in legal services advertisements. Public policy and consumer behavior implications are discussed.


Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) has been extended to include the dynamical tuning of refractive index changes in order to demonstrate pulse trapping behavior with double micro-ring resonators. With this extension, various resonator structures can be numerically compared for performance characteristics.


Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the process of machine milking cows by improving the accuracy of determining the intensity of milk production and individual milking milk yield on the basis of a portion counter weight.
Methods. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of methods of planned experiment on the basis of a laboratory stand of the department of biotechnical systems in animal husbandry and feedstock of NSC "IAEE". The data obtained were processed using the methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis.
Results. The relationship between the milk production rate and the actual weight of a portion of milk measured by a batch counter was experimentally established. According to the results of the researches, an advanced control unit for milking equipment on the Arduino element base was created, which adjusts the readings of a portion counter of weight type according to the actual intensity of milk production and provides adaptive change of the working vacuum pressure in the collector of the milking machine.
Conclusions. An advanced control unit for milking machines has been developed, which allows to reduce the error of measuring milk yield from 12% to 4.9% to estimate the value of instant milk production with an accuracy of 5.7%.
Keywords: adaptive milking equipment, milking machine, machine milking.


Tracking is a pervasive mechanism across the web which is capable to trace and collect users' online data. One of the most widely used mechanisms for tracking are cookies, and they are used to deliver online behavioral advertisement. Since these mechanisms pose a threat to privacy, the E-Privacy Directive was created as the regional legal instrument to pay special attention to this issue in the European Union. Now, we are at a crucial moment, there is a discussion to replace the E-Privacy Directive for the called E-Privacy Regulation. However, the nature of privacy policies is complex, and there is an ongoing debate about how the E-Privacy Regulation needs to be implemented or what elements should entail. This master thesis project sought to provide empirical evidence for this debate. Our findings emphasize the need to promote harmonization of the provisions of the E-Privacy Directive in member states, especially on consent and guidance. Also, our work revealed that businesses' incentives play an important role in explaining the variability of tracking presence. Hence, this suggests that understanding the "parsimonious" factor of businesses' incentives can be considered by policy-makers to commence an important debate and re-solve the privacy problem.


is upon us. On rounds of teaching hospitals the country, an evolution has occurred in the way residents and students present the cases of patients-the addition of reporting patients' oxygen saturation as part of the vital signs. In an assessment of 100 cases presented at the University of California, San of 86% included this information.


The transient pressure will be created in tunnel when high-speed train passes through the tunnel,which can also generate micro air pressure wave in tunnel exit.Micro air pressure wave is harmful to the environment and structures around the tunnel exit,while the tunnel portal with hat-brim slanting cut method can reduce the influence greatly.Based on the tunnel portal with hat-brim slanting-cut method,the structural style,structure design and reduction effect of tunnel portal with slanting-cut method on micro-pressure wave,etc.are studied systematically in this paper,which can be references to similar engineering projects.


For decades, deep cumulus convection was viewed as consisting partly of undilute plumes that do not interact with their surrounding environment in order to explain their observed tendency to reach or penetrate the tropical tropopause. This behavior was built into all cumulus parameterizations used in terrestrial global climate and numerical weather prediction models, and it still persists in some models today. In the past decade, though, some embarrassing failures of global models have come to light, notably their tendency to rain over land near noon rather than in late afternoon or evening as observed, and the absence in the models of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), the major source of intraseasonal (30-90 day) precipitation variability in the Indian Ocean, West Pacific, and surrounding continental regions. In the past decade it has become clear that an important missing component of parameterizations is strong turbulent entrainment of drier environmental air into cumulus updrafts, which reduces the buoyancy of the updrafts and thus limits their vertical development. Tropospheric humidity thus serves as a throttle on convective penetration to high altitudes and delays the convective response to large-scale destabilizing influences in the environment.


Objective To survey the infection situation of human papilloma virus in women of KunMing,and explore the relationship between the cervical lesion and human papilloma virus( HPV) infection,and related factors of HPV infection. Methods A total of 5268 women were selected from the second affiliated hospital of KunMing medical university from January 2012-April 2014 as study objects. we tested HPV- DNA genotype in cervical cell sample with diversion hybrid gene chip technology,and 310 patients were inspected by cervical pathological biopsy.Results There were 1157 cases( 21. 96) with HPV positive,including 1045 cases( 19. 84%) high- risk subtype and 112 cases( 2. 12%) low- risk subtype. One thousand and forty five cases of high- risk patients including single subtype infection 841 cases( 80. 5%) and mixed subtype infection 204 cases( 19. 5%). The four kinds of most common infection subtypes were HPV52,16,18 and 58. At low levels in patients with cervical lesions,The HPV subtypes were mainly HPV52 in low level patients with cervical lesions,and HPV 16 was mainly subtypes in the high grade of cervical lesions. The related factors of HPV infection were: first sex age,number of sexual partners,and smoking,they were independent factors of HPV infection. Conclusion HPV52 is the main type of women HPV infection in KunMing. HPV infection and cervical lesions is related,the bad habits of life and sex can cause HPV infection.


This paper proposes a new nonparametric spectral density estimator for time series models with general autocorrelation. The conventional nonparametric estimator that uses a positive kernel has mean squared error no better than n−4/5. We show that the best implementation of our estimator has mean squared error of order n−8/9, provided there is sufficient smoothness present in the spectral density. This is, of course, achieved by bias reduction; however, unlike most other bias reduction methods, like the kernel method with higher‐order kernels, our procedure ensures a positive definite estimate. Our method is a generalization of the well‐known prewhitening method of spectral estimation; we argue that this can best be interpreted as multiplicative bias reduction. Higher‐order expansions for the proposed estimator are derived, providing an improved bandwidth choice that minimizes the mean squared error to the second order. A simulation study shows that the recommended prewhitened kernel estimator reduces bias and mean squared error in spectral density estimation.


4507 Background: Some chemotherapy-naïve patients with locally advanced bladder cancer (LABC) after radical cystectomy (RC) are sufficiently de-conditioned that they are not candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy or decline it, even though such treatment may be warranted. There is no clear alternative adjuvant therapy for these patients, who are usually observed. In this study, we compare post-op radiotherapy (PORT) vs. adjuvant chemotherapy in a randomized clinical trial. We hypothesized that PORT can achieve comparable disease-free survival (DFS). Methods: A randomized phase III trial was opened to compare PORT vs. sequential chemo+PORT after RC for LABC & accrued from 2002–2008 at the NCI in Cairo. In 2007, a third arm comparing adjuvant chemo was added. Herein, we report the results of PORT vs. adjuvant chemo. Patients ≤70 y/o with ≥1 of the following factors (≥pT3b/T4a, grade 3, or positive nodes) with negative margins after RC + pelvic node dissection were eligible. Routine follow-up & pelvic CT q6 months were performed. PORT included 3D conformal pelvic RT (45Gy/1.5Gy BID). Chemo included gemcitabine/cisplatin x 4. Post-hoc non-inferiority exploratory analysis was performed. Results: The PORT arm accrued 78; the chemo arm accrued 45. 51% had urothelial carcinoma; 49% had squamous cell carcinoma/other. The two arms were well-balanced except for gender (p = 0.06). Two-year outcomes & overall adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for PORT vs. chemo alone were 54% vs. 47% (HR 0.65(95%CI 0.35-1.19, p = 0.16) for DFS; 92% vs. 69% (HR 0.28(95%CI 0.10-0.82), p = 0.02 for LRFS; 75% vs. 79% (HR 2.39(95%CI 0.94-6.09), p = 0.07) for DMFS; 61% vs. 60% (HR 0.94(95%CI 0.52-1.69), p = 0.83) for OS. Late grade ≥3 GI toxicity was observed in 6 PORT patients (8%) & 1 chemo patient (2%). Based on our data, there is a greater than 90% probability that the true difference in 2 yr DFS is less than 10%, the pre-specified non-inferiority margin. Conclusions: This randomized study demonstrates superior local control with PORT vs. adjuvant chemo with no significant differences in DFS, DMFS or OS. Results suggest that PORT could be an option for patients with LABC after RC who are medically unfit for adjuvant chemo or who decline it. Clinical trial information: NCT01734798.


Based on Xuchang 110 kV Fu-Ge line reconstruction project, Xuchang high-voltage power transmission line online video monitoring system is designed to facilitate the study of the application of such system in Xuchang power grid. This paper introduces the current situation of high voltage power line monitoring and studies the technology of real-time monitoring of transmission line. In the light of actual needs of the development of Xuchang power grid, this paper adopts the latest EPON optical transmission technology, the high voltage induction power supply and other advanced technologies to set up an on-line video monitoring system for Xuchang power transmission line. The system overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional wireless transmission and solar power technology. The testing verifies the system has obvious advantages compared to other video monitoring systems, such as high efficiency of image transmission, reliable and stable power supply system, and good application prospects.


Abstrcat This article illustrates that the theory of Scientific Socialism is the crucial components of Marxism. Scientific Socialism is presented in the works by Karl Marx. The works by Karl Marx illustrating Scientific Socialism can be divided into three parts according to the periods. The three parts are as follows: initial stage of Scientific Socialism, forming stage of Scientific Socialism, confirmation stage of Scientific Socialism. In order to grasp Scientific Socialism comprehensively, we have to research the works by Karl Marx of different stages deeply and wholly.


To observe the clinical feature of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) rats after stereotactic hypophysectomy operation.Eighty Wistar male rats were divided randomly into 2 groups (n=40).Rats in experimental group were removed hypophysis by stereotaxis hypophysectomie.Urine volume and specific gravity were measured before and after operation at certain time.At the same time,content of antidiuretic hormone(ADH) in plasma was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) at the 1st and the 7th day after operation.Achievement ratio of hypophysectomy was 92.5%(37/40),survival rate of hypophysectomized rats was 97.3%(36/37).The phenomenon of diabetes insipidus was apparent in the experimental group on the 1st day.The urine volume was (2.44±0.30)ml/h in experimental group and (0.46±0.14)ml/h in the control group(P0.01).The urine specific gravity was (1.011±0.002)g/L in experimental group and (1.034±0.003)g/L in the control group(P0.01).The level of plasma ADH was (230.73±13.30)ng/L in the experimental group and (951.32±23.11)ng/L in the control group(P0.01).Then,the urine volume and specific gravity had reached to common gradually from the second day after the operation.There was no statistically significant of the urine volume and specific gravity between 2 groups on the 3rd and 4th day after operation.Diabetes insipidus could be caused by the hypophysectomy in rats with stereotactic technical in acute stage (24 h) and it would disappear from the 3rd day after operation.


At present, almost all hybrid excitation machines (HEMs) apply DC field current to control the air-gap flux. However, the DC field control mode results in a problem that the capability of field-weakening is not equal to that of field-strengthening. This paper briefly explains the mechanism of asymmetric bidirectional field control capability in present HEMs, proposes a consequent pole hybrid excitation synchronous (CPHES) machine with AC field control mode to solve the asymmetric problem. The structure and principles of CPHES machine are presented. Additionally, the equivalent magnetic circuit model of CPHES machine is derived to reduce the computational complexity of analyzing CPHES structure by using three-dimensional finite element analysis (3DFEA). The proposed equivalent model and 3D-FEA are compared, the results verify the proposed model is basically consistent with the 3D-FEA, and the proposed model is able to reduce the computational complexity greatly.


489 bp mtDNA control region segments of four species of Bagridae,Pelteobagrus intermedius,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Leiocassis crassilabris and Pseudobagrus kyphus,which were easily confused,were amplified with PCR technique and sequenced.The results showed that nucleotide diversity among these four species were 12.88% and totally 7 haplotipes were showed among them.Genetic distances and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genetic relationship between Leiocassis crassilabris and Pseudobagrus kyphus were closer,while Pelteobagrus intermedius were more closely related to Pelteobagrus fulvidraco than the others.


Background: One of the concerns of cell phone users is prolonged exposure to harmful and potentially carcinogenic waves. This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between amount of cell phone use and related factors with percentage of micronucleus containing cells. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on selected patients referring to Islamic Azad University Faculty of Dentistry using cell phones regarding related inclusion and exclusion criteria. Papanicolaou staining method was approached for mucosal smears of samples and frequency of micronucleus containing cells and also, frequency of micronucleus in each cell were recorded for each sample; then, correlation of these findings with amount of daily cell phone usage was statistically analyzed using the calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient and preparation of regression analysis (backward) with significant level of lower than 0.05. Results: Of 100 samples, the frequency of micronucleus containing cells was 2.94% ± 1.89% and the frequency of micronucleus in each cell was 1.02% ± 1.68%. The amount of cell phone usage was significantly correlated with the frequency of micronucleus containing cells (r = 0.70, P = 0.0001) and also with the frequency of micronucleus in each cell (r = 0.57, P = 0.0001). Also, age and sex were not significantly correlated with the frequency of micronucleus containing cells (P = 0.47 and 0.32) and also with the frequency of micronucleus in each cell, respectively (P = 0.16 and 0.27). Conclusions: The present study showed that the increased amount of cell phone usage had a strong and significant correlation with the higher frequency of the micronucleus containing cells and the higher frequency of micronucleus in each cell in the buccal mucosa. Also, the related factors as age and sex were not significantly correlated with the frequency of micronucleus containing buccal mucosa cells.


Molecular dynamics results on diffusion and electrical conductance in a simple model of a molten salt are discussed in terms of the Nernst-Einstein relation. Comparison is made with computer 'experiments' on non-conducting liquid mixtures and on the classical one-component plasma.


The flux-pinning-induced magnetostriction of hard type-II superconductors shaped as a rectangular slab is analyzed. An exact solution of the magnetoelastic three-dimensional problem is found using the plane strain approach. All stress and strain components are expressed in terms of the flux-density profile in the slab, and apply for any critical-state model j c5 j c(B). Discussed at some length is the tensile stress occurring for a descending magnetic field. Results for both the Bean model and the exponential model are presented. @S0163-1829 ~99!08217-X#


Using three varieties of Brassica campestris, Hauarad (708), Maoshan-3 (714) and Youbai (715),as the maternal plants and one variety of Brassica oleracea Jingfeng-1 (6012) as paternalplants, crosses were made to produce interspecific hybrids through ovary culture techniques.The ovaries from the cross between B. campestrisB.oleracea (7086012 and 7146012) werecultured and ovary culture was more effective in terms of obtained seeds when ovaries werecultured in vitro at 9 d after pollination (DAP). While for the cross of 7156012, it wasbetter when ovaries in vitro cultured at 12 DAP. Among three cross combinations, the cross of7146012 showed the best response and 43 seeds per ovary were obtained. Among the mediastudied, the ovaries from the cross of 7086012 cultured on MS media supplemented with 3.0 mgL-1 BA0.1 mg L-1 NAA showed better response, and its rate of seeds per ovary reached 44.0%.While the ovaries from the other two crosses (7146012 and 7156012) showed the best responsewhen cultured on B5 media supplemented with 3.0 mg L-1 BA + 0.2 mg L-1 NAA, and the rates of seedsper ovary reached 72.0 and 60.0%, respectively. All seeds obtained from the three crosscombinations were cultured on the MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BA + 0.05 mg L-1 NAA,and the seeds from the cross of 7156012 showed the best germination response and thepercentage of germinations reached 66.7%. The regenerated plantlets were obtained from theseseedlings after cultured on the MS media supplemented with 0.05 mg L-1 NAA. Cytological studyshowed that these regenerated plants were all true hybrids of B.campestrisB.oleracea.


The production process of biological charcoal includes the following steps: crushing stalk, branch, fruit husk and other agricultural and forestry wastes, sieving, stoving, dry distillation to carbonize in carbonizing furnace and produce biological charcoal and fuel gas. The carbonizing furnace includes combustion chamber with grate and blower in the bottom, and carbonizing chamber with discharge port and fuel gas pumping port in the bottom. The sieved waste is fed to the combustion chamber to burn and to produce high temperature CO2 as the heat source for carbonizing, and the material is carbonized in the carbonizing chamber. The present invention can produce biological charcoal and fuel gas simultaneously, has wide material source, may be used in industrial produce.


The synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos is discussed in this paper, and the in-phase and anti-phase synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos without biased error is proposed. The synchronization can be achieved by embedding the transmitted signal in spatiotemporal chaos, and there is no transient once synchronization is attained.. The sensitivity of synchronization performance to the system parameters is analyzed via simulation. These properties make this kind of synchronization potentially useful in digital communication.


tically and cross-culturally sensitive as well as psychotherapeutically direct. This seems to mirror Blackwell's own approach and attitudes to his refugee clients. One gets the impression that in his work Blackwell is able to communicate as a social and political person as well as an experienced expert, and that political context, cultural patterns, as well as experiences of loss and practical problems, are all considered as crucial and meaningful aspects of personal experiences to be related to and understood in the work of helping clients move on and build new lives. Underlying Blackwell's approach is an acknowledgement of universal human themes always being reconstituted and expressed within historically and politically contexts. The implications of this assumption for interpersonal communication and intrapsychic experiences of both therapists and clients are addressed in a straightforward and accessible manner. The book has four parts: Setting the scene; The refugee experience; The therapist's experience and Essential additions, containing chapters on interpreters, advocacy and supervision. The balance struck between attention to clients and to therapists themselves is unusual in writing about refugees, but it is just right and I will be recommending this book to everyone working in contemporary mental health services for adults, children or families as well as to those who specialise in work with refugees.


The utility model provides a labor-saving trailer for a thermos bottle, which belongs to the life tools. The structure of the labor-saving trailer comprises a tray, universal wheels and a handle, wherein the tray is a square box body, a cylindrical tank body is arranged in the tray, the handle is arranged at one side of the tray, one universal wheel is arranged at either corner of the tray at two sides of the handle, and supporting legs are arranged at the other two corners. When the thermos bottle needs to carry for a longer distance, the thermos bottle can be put in the trailer and is carried by the trailer; therefore, the labor is saved, and the labor-saving trailer is safer.


The learning Integrated Religious value is one of the efforts to increase the motivation of learning and building the student character. This study aims to describe the application of Biology learning integrated religion values in Integrated Islamic School. Research methods used in this research is descriptive. Participants in this study involved the headmaster, headmaster of curriculum, biology teachers, boarding school teachers, the lead of boarding schools, and students. The instruments used are interview, observation and the student questionnaire about learning biology. The results showed that learning in X school consists of two curriculums, there was the curriculum of national education and curriculum of boarding school. The curriculum of national education referred to 2013 curriculum and boarding school curriculum referred to the curriculum of Salafi boarding school (Kitab Kuning). However, in its learning process not delivered integrated. The main obstacle to implementing the learning integrated religious values are 1) the background of general teacher education did not know of any connection between biology subject and subject that are studied in boarding school; 2) schools did not form the teaching team; 3) unavailability of materials integrated religious values.


This article introduces a novel physical-layer (PHY-layer) authentication scheme, called transfer learning-based PHY-layer authentication (TL-PHA), aiming to achieve fast online user authentication that is highly desired for latency-sensitive applications such as edge computing. The proposed TL-PHA scheme is characterized by incorporating with a novel convolutional neural network architecture, namely, the triple-pool network (TP-Net), for achieving lightweight and online classification, as well as effective data augmentation methods for generation of data set samples for the network model training. To assess the performance of the proposed scheme, we conducted two sets of experiments, including the one using computer-simulated channel data and the other utilizing real experiment data generated by our wireless testbed. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of authentication accuracy, detection rate, and training complexity compared to all the considered counterparts.


Due to ecological considerations, natural biodegradation composites are widespread in tailoring plastics properties to specific needs. This work aims to demonstrate the available opportunity in using 100 and 140 mesh powdered mango leaf (PML) waste as a filler in polypropylene (PP) composites. Composites were produced via melt blending on a twin-screw internal mixer, with a different particulate size and a weight ratio of PML. Morphology, tensile, flexural, hardness, tear, puncture, thermal, and water absorption properties of the composites were assessed after 0, 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of water immersion. We found that the smaller particle size shows a better mechanical and water absorption of the composites, but not for thermal properties. The mechanical properties decreased with increasing PML content; however, these properties did not differ considerably from pure PP and other composites with natural filler. Besides, these polypropylene/PML composites showed excellent properties in water absorption.


Epidemiology as a scientific discipline and epidemiologists as practitioners are not clearly defined in the minds of most members of the healing arts. The etymology of the word ( epi , upon; demos , the people) perhaps says it all—the study of how, where, when, and why a disease distributes itself over time within a population. It rests less on a body of knowledge and more on a way of thinking. Epidemiology had its beginnings from or in close association with medicine. The acute infectious and transmissible diseases were the first to be recognized as being due to a foreign agent. They were also demonstrated to be controllable by interrupting, in some way, the passage of an offending agent from a diseased person to another susceptible person with or without knowing the specific nature of the agent. The logic involved in this approach evolved into the epidemiologic triad of the agent, the vector


Conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) may turn to be inappropriate for future wireless cellular systems services, because of extreme natural and artificial impairments they are expected to generate. Natural impairments result from higher Doppler and delay spreads, while artificial impairments result from multisource transmissions and synchronization relaxation for closed-loop signaling overhead reduction. These severe impairments induce a dramatic loss in orthogonality between subcarriers and OFDM symbols and lead to a strong increase in intercarrier interference (ICI) and intersymbol interference (ISI). To fight against these impairments, we propose here an optimization of the transmit/receive waveforms for filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems, with hexagonal time-frequency (TF) lattices, operating over severe doubly dispersive channels. For this, we exploit the Ping-pong Optimized Pulse Shaping (POPS) paradigm, recently applied to rectangular TF lattices, to design waveforms maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for hexagonal TF lattices. We show that FBMC, with hexagonal lattices, offers a strong improvement in SINR with respect to conventional OFDM and an improvement of around 1 dB with respect to POPS-FBMC, with rectangular lattices. Furthermore, we show that hexagonal POPS-FBMC brings more robustness to frequency synchronization errors and offers a 10 dB reduction in out-of-band (OOB) emissions, with respect to rectangular POPS-FBMC.


Norman Bethune

Adrienne Clarkson

Penguin Canada, Extraordinary Canadians Series; 2009. 204 pp $26.00

Author, journalist and former governor general Adrienne Clarkson brings a fresh perspective to this compelling and accessible introduction to Dr. Norman Bethune (1890–1939), who is arguably the


Immunotherapy of vulvar high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (vHSIL) is investigated as an alternative for surgery, because of high comorbidity and risk of recurrence. Limited evidence exists on the role and composition of the immune microenvironment in current immunotherapeutic approaches for vHSIL. The vHSIL of 29 patients biopsied before treatment with imiquimod were analyzed by two multiplex seven‐color immunofluorescence panels to investigate the pre‐existing T‐cell and myeloid cell composition in relation to treatment response. The samples were scanned with the Vectra multispectral imaging system. Cells were automatically phenotyped and counted with inForm advanced image analysis software. Cell counts and composition were compared to that of vHSIL patients before therapeutic vaccination (n = 29) and to healthy vulva (n = 27). Our data show that the immune microenvironment of complete responders (CR) to imiquimod resembled the coordinated infiltration with type 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD14+ inflammatory myeloid cells also found in healthy vulva. However, more CD8+ T cells and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells were present in CR. The lesions of partial responders (PR) lacked such a coordinated response and displayed an impaired influx of CD14+ inflammatory myeloid cells. Importantly, complete responses after imiquimod or therapeutic vaccination showed the same dependency on a pre‐existing coordinated type 1 T‐cell and CD14+ myeloid cell infiltration. In conclusion, a good clinical outcome after two different forms of immunotherapy for vHSIL is associated with the presence of a primary inflammatory process resulting in the coordinated influx of several types of immune cells which is then amplified.


Wc have sludied the sponlaneous and stimulated emission charactcristics of a single 1.5-monoJayers-thick InAs ¡ayer in bulklike GaAs. Lasing action is obtaincd by continuous-wave-optical pumping always al the wavelength of the loAs thin-laycr excitonic luminescence (_ 8iO om) independent on pump power density. Gaio rncasurcrncnls yield a very high material gaío uf 1.0(5)xlO"'cm-1 fUf the InAs layer whcn pumped with 12 kWlcm2 allow tcmperatures. This value is twicc as high as that oblained fUf rclated InGaAsl InGaAsP multiple quantum wells using much larger pump power dcnsities. bUIcomparable (O the gains measured recently in InAs/GaAs quantum dot lascrs. The large material gain and the absence of bandgap renormalization effects with increasing pump level speak fm an excitonic mechanism of population inversion charactcristic of low-dimensionallasing nanostructures. As c1early shown by cathodoluminescence measurements. exciton localilation effects due to layer-width fluctuations playa fundamental role in detcrmining the lasing mechanism for the InAs monolayer as compared to wider quantum wells.


A new variable‐temperature STM has been used to perform studies of the adsorption and ordering of simple polar molecules such as acetone and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) on graphite. The primary objective of this work is to obtain fundamental information which can serve as a basis for studies of complex systems. Following exposure of graphite to acetone vapour, STM images show cloudy patches of acetone drifting across the surface, with individual molecules being indistinguishable. Following prolonged exposure, however, an ordered monolayer forms, having triangular symmetry and 2×2 commensurate periodicity relative to the substrate. Similar results are obtained for DMSO on graphite; however, the monolayer is more closely packed and probably incommensurate with the substrate. In a related effort, nitric acid is shown to be an effective chemical etch for creating steps in basal plane graphite. It is hoped that this, and related techniques, will enable the use of STM to study important chemical systems, such as treated fuel‐cell electrodes, which utilize non‐basal plane graphite.


We thank Wang and colleagues for their comments and interest reflected in their letter. First, they take issue with the study design. We again acknowledge the limitations inherent to a retrospective case series. We selected patients who received capsaicin because this use was new at both the hospitals. The objective of the retrospective case series was to describe and evaluate the effects of capsaicin on symptoms and disposition of patients with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). We hope that our findings stimulate new hypotheses for more rigorous research. Our colleagues challenge the use of the SImonetto criteria for CHS [1], specifically, "the absence of major illness that could explain the symptoms." This is only one of the five "supportive" criteria which Simonetto et al. proposed in the diagnosis of CHS (Table 1). Simonetto et al. [1] did not define a minimum number of major and supportive criteria necessary to diagnose CHS. They also did not suggest specific testing to exclude other diagnoses. This criterion simply refers to lack of alternative diagnosis based upon available clinical information. However, all the patients in our series consistently met most or all of the Simonetto criteria. The rapid improvement following capsaicin and lack of further need for anti-emetics in most of these cases would argue against the need for further diagnostic work up in the emergency department. They suggest that opioids may have explained the symptoms for some of our patients. However, most of the patients in the retrospective case series had immunoassay urine drug screens that were positive only for marijuana and not opiates. In addition, the lack of improvement after receiving opiates such as morphine and hydromorphone would suggest that opiate withdrawal was not the underlying problem. Opiate withdrawal also does not improve with hot showers, something all the patients admitted to helping with their symptoms. Lastly, they suggest that patients may have left due to the discomfort of topical capsaicin. We acknowledge this possibility. Some patients did decline further applications of topical capsaicin due to discomfort. However, all the patients reported symptomatic improvement, no patients left while vomiting, and no patients left against medical advice.


The purpose of this study is to investigate how the food lifestyle of customers affects MSG usage at restaurants and to identify the moderating effects of customer attitude to food safety using a hierarchical regression analysis suggested by Baron & Kenny. The findings and implications can be summarized as follows. First, customers are classified into five groups: food-explore group, taste-oriented group, health-oriented, convenience-oriented group, and tradition-oriented group. Second, the convenience-oriented group has significant positive effects, and the health-oriented group and tradition-oriented group have significant negative effects on preference for MSG use at restaurants. Third, there is significant negative moderating effect of the convenience-oriented group and the tradition-oriented group between their food lifestyle and preference for MSG at restaurants.


The author of the article understands object clauses as a semantic type of sentences with a set of different ways of expressing semantics: polypredicative subordinate clauses, asyndetic clauses, monopredicative clauses, clauses with parenthesis. It is suggested that the set of constructions used in academic discourse depends on the genre of the academic text. The genres of article abstracts and thesis summaries as secondary texts (texts about texts) were chosen as a material for a comparative study. The author reveals the incomplete paradigm of object clauses in secondary academic texts. The analyzed language material allows us to state that the genre of the academic article abstract does not use the entire paradigm of the ways of expressing explanatory semantics, choosing only two models as the basic ones, with a higher frequency of the monopredicative model. In the genre of thesis summaries there is a lower frequency of monopredicative clauses with deliberative semantics and a higher frequency of polypredicative subordinate clauses containing hidden reflection of the author of the text. The analyzed material indicates that the hidden author's reflection is more often manifested through the use of quasi-impersonal sentences. The author of the article believes that there is a tendency in the analyzed genres towards increasing impersonality, the elimination of the subjective author's position, and the desire to objectify the presented information. The research has found out certain constructions which function actively in the genre of the academic article, but are not used in article abstracts and thesis summaries. It is noted that not all introducing predicates recorded in the academic literature function in the analyzed genres. This can be explained by the genre affiliation of the texts and their communicative task. The author determines a number of objectives of the further research.


This paper presents an algorithm to extract a complete set of optimal scale ridges from the medialness scale space. The result is the multiscale medial axis. This algorithm differs from the previous implementations of optimal scale ridge in that it searches for the local maximum with respect to scale, rather than the global maximum. Therefore a single position is allowed to belong to separate axis segments at different scales; large scale features no longer dominate small scale features.


In a recent article on Commicarpus boissieri (Heimerl) Cufod., published in Hooker's Icones P1. V, 7(4), t. 3694 (1971), reference was made to an unnamed new species, hitherto confused with C. boissieri and passing under the name Boerhavia plumbaginea Cav. var. viscosa Boiss. or B. plumbaginea Cav. f. viscosa Ehrenberg ex Aschers. & Schweinf. In the course of preparing the same article another Commicarpus, from the 'Coast of Beluchistan' (coll. E. Pierce s.n., recd. Nov. I88o), erroneously identified as Boerhavia plumbaginea, was also recognized as distinct, but since the sole representation of the species was one rather poor, vaguely localized gathering, further action had to be postponed pending receipt of material adequate for comparison and description. By a stroke of good fortune this material became available much sooner than expected, for, very soon after the problem was noticed, C. Grey-Wilson and T. F. Hewer collected the same plant on rocky sandstone slopes I -7 miles [2 7 km] north of Chah Bahar, probably not far from the source of Pierce's earlier collection.


1 We examined the cooperative effect of a newly synthesized oral hypoglycaemic agent, KAD‐1229 with glucose on insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion in the isolated perfused pancreas of the rat. 2 KAD‐1229 stimulated concentration‐dependently the first phase of insulin secretion without the second phase in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose, while it stimulated both the first and the second phase of insulin release in the presence of 5.6 mM glucose. It was confirmed that the first phase of insulin release is depolarization‐induced release with no other additional signal transduction. 3 KAD‐1229 also enhanced insulin release evoked by 16.7 mM glucose, a concentration known to inhibit the ATP‐sensitive K+ current completely. 4 A low concentration (2.8 mM) of glucose stimulated somatostatin release transiently, while a higher concentration (16.7 mM) of glucose exerted a sustained stimulation. KAD‐1229 stimulated somatostatin secretion in a concentration‐dependent manner irrespective of glucose concentrations. 5 When glucagon release was stimulated with 2.8 mM glucose, KAD‐1229 inhibited this hypoglycaemia‐induced glucagon secretion. 6 When pancreata from rats pretreated with streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg kg−1 were perfused, the basal secretion of glucagon was markedly elevated, and the glucagon response to the low glucose was abolished. Further, the insulin and somatostatin responses to KAD‐1229 were largely attenuated. KAD‐1229 showed transient enhancement followed by inhibition of the glucagon release from the STZ‐pretreated rat pancreas. 7 We conclude that KAD‐1229 stimulates insulin and somatostatin release, while it inhibits glucagon release following transient stimulation.


One patterning technique, the point shifting method, has enabled generating smoothly varying, and highly anisotropic impedance surfaces with a wide range of patch sizes and shapes. Previously the surface impedances of each different shape of unit cell were assumed by the impedance of similar size rectangular cells. In this work, we studied an approach to calculate more accurate surface impedances for anisotropic polygon unit cells, based on the moment of inertia equations. The method is verified by simulations.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to identify and assess the potential environmental impacts caused by refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production from mixed municipal waste, in a mechanical–biological waste treatment plant in Krakow, Poland. The study is based on life cycle assessment methodology, employing EASETECH model. The system boundaries include only those operations which lead to the production of RDF. The adopted functional unit is 1 Mg of mixed municipal waste generated in Krakow, which enters the mechanical–biological waste treatment plant.


ow naded rom httpsournals.lw w om /jneu-ophthalm oogy by hD M fePH KazEoum tQ fN 4a+khEZgbsIH o4XM hC yw C X1AW YQ /IlQ rH D i3D 0O dR yi7vSFl4C fVC 1yabggQ ZdgG 2M w lZLeI= on 111/2020 Downloadedfromhttps://journals.lww.com/jneuro-ophthalmologybyBhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWnYQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdgGj2MwlZLeI=on11/21/2020 Miller Fisher Syndrome With Papilledema and Antecedent Helicobacter pylori Infection


Should Disposable Syringes Be Reused? Two articles in this issue challenge the appropriateness of standard teaching of insulin injection technique and raise the question of how much evidence is required before routine medical practice should be changed. In one study, Borders et al. speak of "complex procedures recommended to prevent infection," when referring to handwashing and alcohol wiping of the insulin vial and injection site. In reality, these antiseptic procedures constitute a simple ritual requiring little time, expense, or inconvenience. Cleanliness of the hands, insulin vial, and injection site has an innate appeal. It is likely when the patients omit this aspect of the ritual they do so because they perceive that their hands, vial, and injection site are clean. That the brief alcohol wipe adds nothing to the effect of basic cleanliness is easy to accept. The converse, whether lack of cleanliness would increase injection site infections, was not addressed. Even in the absence of such data, it seems prudent, as suggested by these authors, to stress cleanliness, not the alcohol wipe, when teaching patients insulin injection technique. More controversial is the proposal that it is safe for one individual to reuse a disposable syringe and needle without repeat sterilization. Borders and her colleagues examine the question retrospectively. Aziz prospectively followed a group of children reusing disposable syringes for 444 days in an attempt to test this hypothesis. In both studies the authors conclude that with simple care of the needle and syringe, no significant contamination occurs. In spite of the efforts involved in these and previous studies, only a small number of patients reusing disposable syringes had been followed for relatively short time spans. Currently, injection site problems appear to be extremely rare. The experience of the Editors is similar to the Portland group's experience. We have not observed injection site infections in our patients. The rarity of the problem means that even a significant increase in its incidence might not be detected by these studies. Because of insufficient duration of study and inclusion of an insufficient number of subjects, these studies may lack appropriate statistical power to detect an increased risk of infection. Borders and her colleagues imply that the demonstration that 25% of their subjects always reuse syringes without any obvious infection addresses this objection. We believe there is still inadequate evidence upon which to base a major policy change. The only apparent disadvantage in continuing the present practice of single use of a disposable syringe is the greater cost. Even a small increase in the number of infections would quickly offset the lesser cost of reusing syringes. The possibility of additional unanticipated harmful effects exists. Because the cost savings of reuse of syringes are substantial on a cumulative, if not individual basis, additional studies are necessary. How can they be best accomplished? More thorough microbiologic studies of contaminated insulin and opened syringes and needles should be conducted. Ultimately, a prospective study following a large number of randomized subjects may be necessary. Unfortunately, such a study would be expensive and time consuming, and because of low scientific interest is unlikely to be done. While we recognize the scientific limitations of anecdotal reports, perhaps this is one instance where the experience of our readership would be helpful. Should our readers review their individual experiences with injection site infections and report to us along with information regarding syringe reuse, we would be able to discern if a high proportion of these patients were reusing disposable syringes. Similar reporting has been effective in detecting rare adverse reactions to drugs. Certainly a large number of reports of injection site infections after reuse of disposable syringes would mandate a study to define the problem. A lack of reports or negative reports would be less convincing. We plan to compile the information in these letters and report to our readers. Until additional information is available we believe it is unwise to recommend reuse of disposable syringes and needles for all patients. Present evidence suggests that when economic considerations warrant it, cautious reuse of disposable syringes in some patients may be acceptable. In the process, establishment of new untested rituals such as refrigeration of the capped needle and syringe between uses as suggested in some articles should be avoided.


The utility model relates to gold foil image ornament. An image ornament is arranged in a transparent frame seat. The image ornament comprises a transparent film. The first end face is provided with an image layer, and the second end face is provided with a gold foil layer. The imaging surface of the ornamental article can present the gold foil image by using the design.


In the unique context of an ongoing pandemic, this study aims to investigate the acceptance of contact tracing applications (CTA) proposed by the German government before its release in June 2020. The study develops and validates a research model based on established acceptance, privacy-, and healthrelated theories. The results of the structural equation model (N=584) indicate that performance expectancy, social influence, privacy concerns, and anxiety explain about 75% of the variance of the intention to use CTA. Most remarkably, privacy concerns represent the dominating barrier against using CTA, whereas anxiety could be confirmed as a pandemic-related driver of CTA use. In contrast to the established variables of UTAUT, effort expectancy did not reveal a significant impact on CTA acceptance. Consequently, the results both strengthen and contradict established theory, offering valuable insights for research and institutions in charge of distributing the app.


In this paper we focus on the mechanical behaviour of filled natural rubber. Filled elastomers under cyclic loading show noticeable differences between the mechanical response under loading and unloading during the first cycles in oscillation tests. We examine the change in material response associated with the Mullins effect and with cavitation, the latter arising from hydrostatic tensile stresses of sufficient magnitude. Then, we focus on constitutive equations using the theory of pseudoelasticity. Specifically, the strain‐energy function depends on a scalar parameter, which provides a means for modifying the form, thereby reflecting stress softening observed during unloading. The dissipation of energy is also accounted for by the use of a dissipation function, which evolves with the deformation history. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In July 2003, the KauaiEx, high‐frequency acoustic experiments were conducted off the coast of Kauai, Hawaii. Both acoustic communications signals and probe signals (to measure the channel impulse response) were transmitted in the 8–50 kHz band. These signals were transmitted over several days from fixed and moving platforms and were received at multiple ranges and depths using vertical arrays and single hydrophones. Extensive environmental measurements were made simultaneous to the acoustic transmissions (e.g. measurements of the water column temperature structure, wind speed and surface wave heights). The experimental site has a relatively reflective seabed made up of sand that was combined with highly variable oceanographic conditions which led to communications performance closely tied to source/receiver geometry. In this paper, the correlation between environmental factors and communications performance will be discussed. The focus is on communications signals in the 8–13 and 14–19 kHz frequency band...


A descriptive study was carried out in the Northern region of Ghana to examine the knowledge of stakeholders of Shea nut/butter production(collectors, processors and exporters) in pollination, awareness of Shea pollinators, their roles and the need to conserve them. Ten districts and two communities from each of the districts were randomly selected from the 26 districts of the Northern region of Ghana for survey. Thirty collectors and thirty processors were randomly selected from each community, making 60 collectors and 60 processors per district. Ten exporters were also sampled from the exporters in Tamale. Three separate structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Collectors (92.7%) and processors (94.5%) were predominantly females whilst 60% of exporters were males. Most collectors were below 30years whilst processors and exporters were above 30years and married. Majority of collectors (83.3%), processors (80.6%) and 40% of exporters have no formal education. There was a significant relationship between educational level and knowledge in pollination (X = 38.8; d.f. = 6; P< 0.00). Most of the respondents have large household sizes. The respondents (collectors (79.3%), processors (65.2%) and exporters (50.0%) have little knowledge in pollination and poor awareness of Shea pollination. From the study it was concluded that Shea collectors, processors and exporter have very little knowledge in pollination and awareness of Shea pollinators. Education on the importance of Shea pollinators and activities which favour their abundance on Shea trees is recommended to Shea production stakeholders.


In this paper I draw upon both biographical and sociological approaches to examine one moment in the history of geography's quantitative revolution of the late 1950s and early 1960s: the publication of Brian Berry and William Garrison's paper, "The functional bases of the central place hierarchy", in Economic Geography in 1958. The origins of that paper are traced through the life stories—the 'lives told'—of the two authors. In particular, I try to connect the specific life trajectories of Berry and Garrison up until 1958 with the wider social and cultural contexts in which they lived. The theoretical impetus for the study are three literatures: the first is science studies, and especially the work of Bruno Latour and his ideas of 'black boxing' and 'translation'; the second is on the history and sociology of quantification; and the third is on biography, particularly scientific biography. The broader argument of the paper is that the seemingly disembodied numbers, calculations, and precisely drawn figures and graphs that increasingly inflect human geography from the late 1950s, and found in such papers as Berry and Garrison's, are socially embedded, a consequence not of a universal rationality but of specific lives and times that infuse the very substance of the works produced.


A 43 years old woman with a previous history of healed tuberculosis presented with a recurrent hemoptysis. On a bronchoscopy inspection, three nodular shaped mass-like lesions (0.5cm in diameter) were found on the right lower lobar bronchus. Massive hemoptysis occurred when the specimen were taken during bronchoscopy. The bleeding could not be controlled by non-surgical treatment. Consequently, she underwent a right lower lobectomy in order to control the bleeding. The patient died of respiratory failure 3 days later. A bronchoscopic biopsy revealed an abnormal blood vessel just beneath the bronchial respiratory epithelium.


Summary.  As a part of the EUREDIT project new methods to detect multivariate outliers in incomplete survey data have been developed. These methods are the first to work with sampling weights and to be able to cope with missing values. Two of these methods are presented here. The epidemic algorithm simulates the propagation of a disease through a population and uses extreme infection times to find outlying observations. Transformed rank correlations are robust estimates of the centre and the scatter of the data. They use a geometric transformation that is based on the rank correlation matrix. The estimates are used to define a Mahalanobis distance that reveals outliers. The two methods are applied to a small data set and to one of the evaluation data sets of the EUREDIT project.


Charge exchange reactions within a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer characterize doubly charged ions formed in the ion source. Two methods have been developed for identifying the singly charged ions formed from doubly charged ions by charge exchange in the collision quadrupole. The first is based on the characteristically high kinetic energy-to-charge ratios of the products of charge exchange; this property can be used to separate these ions from all other singly charged ions. This retarding potential method is analogous to procedures for recording doubly charged ion mass spectra using sector instruments. The second method is based on the fact that, although mass remains constant in the charge exchange reaction, the change in mass-to-charge ratio can be followed. A charge exchange linked scan, predicated on changes in charge rather than mass, but otherwise analogous to neutral loss/gain scans, is described. Information on the structure of doubly charged ions can be obtained by recording the fragmentation products of dissociative charge exchange. The utility of the charge exchange linked scan for the selective identification of polynuclear aromatic compounds in a complex mixture is described. The methods given can be generalized to cover other charge permutation reactions.


Non-oriented electrical steels (RMHE and RMHF) for high-efficiency motor have recently been developed for the purpose to meet customers requirements from the viewpoint of energy saving and efficiency enhancement of motors. The steels are characterized by an improvement in their texture. The advantages of these new materials are not only their low iron loss but also appropriate hardness and high magnetic flux densities. Their hardness, Hv1, is controlled 20 points less than that of conventional material having similar iron loss, which leads them to excellent punchability in customer use, especially in the use of high-efficiency motors. These developed materials boost the spread of high-efficiency motor and contribute to saving energy.


This paper proposes a three-dimensional coordinate transformation theory, which can convert three-phase unbalanced ac quantities into balanced two-phase orthogonal ac quantities and one constant dc quantity, and these three quantities can be further converted into three constant dc quantities by using three-dimensional Park coordinate transformation. By applying the proposed three-dimensional coordinate transformation along with three-dimensional Park coordinate transformation to three-phase four-wire or four-leg unbalanced ac power electronic systems, these ac power electronic systems can be directly converted into dc power electronic systems, so the proportional-integral controllers can be employed to realize the error-free control of the three-phase unbalanced currents for these ac power electronic systems.


Abstract Background By 2050, about 70% of the global population will be living in cities. At the same time the health burden due to climate change is increasing in urban areas e.g. as heat waves become more frequent and prolonged and the socio-economic inequalities increase. Also, health systems are faced with multiple stress tests due to multimorbidity, lack of health personnel, and the direct and indirect health impacts of the climate crisis, falling disproportionately on disadvantaged populations. Gaining a better understanding of the climate-health-equity nexus represents huge potential for health policy to contribute to climate change mitigation and for climate policy to reduce disease burden while tackling socio-economic inequalities and health inequity. Objective Building on a systematic literature review, this paper presents a framework of the interdependencies between the climate crisis, public health, and social aspects and applies it to urban areas. It then links the domains identified with data requirements at the European level and highlights potential pitfalls for European health information systems, and all six building blocks of health systems following WHO's framework on climate resilience, from governance to health workforce to early warning systems. Results The review showcases risks associated with acting in "policy-silos", neglecting the interactions between climate, health and inequality, compounding negative consequences both for planetary health and human health. Our data framework shows that the interdependencies described open up various opportunities for a European research infrastructure, in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and in a transformation towards more health promotion. Conclusions A European Green Deal with a strengthened focus on public health would have the potential to address these challenges, in cities and beyond. All health system building blocks need to contribute to such a climate-health pact at the European level.


The non-marine mollusc fauna described in this paper was originally discovered during an expedition to recover fossil vertebrates. The presence of molluscs was briefly reported (TORRES & ALCOVER, 1981; GASULL & ALCOVER, 1982) and it was intended that Señor Gasull would describe them thoroughly. Unfortunately Señor Gasull died before he could complete this work and Dr. Alcover very kindly invited me to do so. All the fossil molluscs were sent to me, but 1 have not seen the cave deposits in which they were found. 1 should like to dedicate this paper to the memory of Señor Gasull in recognition of his prolonged study of Balearic 'molluscs, both fossil and Recent.


Within this essay the questions of if and how the theoretical considerations of the transaction cost theory for the market of Scandinavian coniferous lumber are also valid for Germany were analyzed. For this, the market is analyzed from the point of view of the different actors (agents and brokers, sales office, importing sawmills). It becomes evident that many problems from the daily working experience can be analyzed with the help of transaction cost theory. In particular, assumptions on human behavior such as «bounded rationality» and «opportunism», which are described by this theory, play an important role in all aspects.


This article take the part of Songhua River in Harbin City as example depended on the GIS technology platform,based on the union neural network the BP algorithm and the fluent proliferation's basic principle,the flood submergence process of the small area is eliminated and the flood the real-time change water level and submergence area is obtained.The results show that this model is very practical and useful.


The cool summer damage in the rice crops frequently occurs in northeastern Japan, because the cool summer often appears in this district. Fig. 1 shows the distribution of number of years in which the mean air temperature of July records minus deviation value above -2°C from annual averages in the period of 1900-1959, Fig. 2 shows the distribution of that above -2.5°C, and Fig. 3 shows the distribution of that above -3°C. From these maps, the central areas in the cool summer area are known.


As I discuss in this commentary, these findings are noteworthy for three reasons. First, they are novel because extant perspectives on how price-quality relationships operate do not envision the process that SCA posit. Second, they are provocative because, consistent with the opening quote attributed to Einstein, the findings suggest that perceptions can occasionally influence reality. Third, the findings are potentially controversial because they raise the specter of "hidden persuaders" that operate in a stealthy and manipulative fashion to prey on consumers' psychological vulnerabilities (Packard 1957). But, first, some contextual background is necessary.


In this paper we investigate the influence of education of entrepreneurs, as signal of talent, on the adoption of contingent pay (CP) schemes in Italian manufacturing and service firms, an aspect so far not examined in related literature. We use data of Employer and Employee Survey (EES) for the year 2010 provided from ISFOL (the Italian Institute for the Development of Workers Professional Training) and evaluate to what extent differences in diffusion of CP between Italian firms reflect differences in quality of entrepreneurs. Our estimates, obtained taking account endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity, validate hypotheses about direct educational positive effects on adoption of CP schemes. Furthermore, we ascertain the role of employers' education by looking at its influence on the choice among different types of CP bonuses, at individual, group, or establishment level. Our results suggest that high educated entrepreneurs are more likely to use individual or collective forms of CP schemes at establisment level, rather than team CP incentives.


Due to historical and practical factors,Western countries adopted different policies for the relationship between religion and public education during the process of secularization,thus four representative modes have been formed.They are the radical mode of rejection represented by France,the moderate pattern of separation represented by the United States,the positive model of tolerance represented by the United Kingdom and the coordinated model of partnership represented by Germany.We should study,learn and absorb the useful experience of Western countries in dealing with the issue in the long-term history in a scientific attitude.


an Vltland IMPROVING THE AGILITY OF IT SERVICE NETWORKS The world is changing fast. These fast changes are enabled by the unprecedented development of information technology. The changes also put a heavy burden on information technology. On one hand IT needs to be swiftly adapted as result of changed demand. On the other hand IT needs to be utmost reliable since our society increasingly depends on IT.


This paper presents a contingent-claims approach to project valuation when capital expenditures are made sequentially over time. It focuses on an important facet of sequential investment projects that the firm can undertake—or pass up projects—as more information becomes available. The contingent-claims approach takes account of this important feature of firms' investment decision process, whereas the traditional capital budgeting procedure does not. Since the traditional method does not reflect the options nature of investment opportunities, it underestimates the value of sequential investment projects. As a result, a naive implementation of the traditional capital budgeting procedure could result in rejecting profitable projects. The extent of undervaluation associated with the traditional capital budgeting procedure is greater when the correlation between the random component of the future asset value and that of the required capital expenditure is smaller and/or when the growth rate of the required capital expenditure is higher.


This study aims to analyze and compare the importance of feature affecting earthquake fatalities in China mainland and establish a deep learning model to assess the potential fatalities based on the selected factors. The random forest (RF) model, classification and regression tree (CART) model, and AdaBoost model were used to assess the importance of nine features and the analysis showed that the RF model was better than the other models. Furthermore, we compared the contributions of 43 different structure types to casualties based on the RF model. Finally, we proposed a model for estimating earthquake fatalities based on the seismic data from 1992 to 2017 in China mainland. These results indicate that the deep learning model produced in this study has good performance for predicting seismic fatalities. The method could be helpful to reduce casualties during emergencies and future building construction.


This paper,according to the course of the thin seam mining in Xiande Mine,analyzes briefly the application technology of the "three machines" in the thin seam mining.


Gregor Mendel gave us the tools by which to do modern genetics, and we have a century of progress to show for it. We properly credit Mendel and his peas for showing us the particulate nature of inheritance, but his work both enabled and disabled evolutionary thinking for several decades after its rediscovery. Since the factors he studied didn't change over generations, Mendel's discoveries solved the problem that perplexed Darwin, that blending inheritance would swamp variation and prevent evolution from happening. Yet, for the same reason, Mendel's work impeded evolutionary thought because evolution requires change, and discrete variation was also incompatible with darwinian gradualism. Eventually things were worked out, we got our unified theory (the neodarwinian Synthesis), and it rested on Mendel's discoveries. Despite his contributions, there has long been a bit of queasiness about Mendel. Almost as soon as his work was discovered in 1900, persistent suggestion arose that the honorable Moravian monk had falsified his data. A recent analysis of these allegations has helped illuminate the issues, and they fall entirely to Mendel's credit. This vindication is good for Mendel's reputation, and his principles are invoked routinely when inheritance is discussed. But this may have inadvertently led us astray, in ways for which we are paying a price today. The artificial nature of his experiments lured us into confusing the inheritance of traits with the inheritance of genes. And this in turn has led to an unwarranted phenogenetic (see Note 1) determinism that impairs our understanding of biology.


The essays in this special issue identify and analyze the rhetorics enabled and disabled, disclosed and foreclosed by wearable devices and the discourses attending to them, focusing on new rhetorical situations and arguments enabled by ubiquitous data collection, new possibilities for memory created by mobile data, and new ways of understanding how a wide variety of wearable technologies create and influence conditions for communication and persuasion. Together, they explore the implications of wearable devices for rhetorics of the body and embodiment through the lenses of contemporary scholarship in feminist and queer studies, medical rhetoric, posthumanism, systems theory, and the renewed interest in environment and objects among rhetoric and communication scholars. Spanning a range of rhetorical situations, from the individual to the city to the collective, the authors in this collection complicate the claims of empowerment that are said to derive from wearable technologies and, in so doing, contribute to and build on ongoing disciplinary conversations about wearables—expanding the boundaries of rhetorical practice into new, situated spaces of everyday meaning-making occupied by these devices.


Ab initio calculations of the tricyclic sesquiterpene β‐panasinsene (1) provided theoretical H—C—C—H dihedral angles that allowed us to predict the corresponding 1H–1H vicinal coupling constant values, using a generalized Karplus‐type equation. These values, together with the experimental 1H chemical shifts extracted from an HMQC spectrum, were used as the initial input data for the full spectral simulation of 1, which provided an excellent correlation with the experimental 1H NMR spectrum after a few iterations. The complete assignment of the 1H NMR parameters allowed us to determine the conformation of 1 in solution. The four‐membered ring exists in a more flattened conformation than cyclobutane, with torsion angles of ∼12°. The five‐membered ring possesses a half‐chair conformation with pseudorotational parameters θm = 39.5° and P = 3.8°, while the six‐membered ring exists in a conformation close to the canonical chair, with angular variables θ = 9.2° and P2 = 15.5°, and the total puckering amplitude Q = 54.5°. Application of this procedure to β‐panasinsen‐5α‐ol (2) and β‐panasinsen‐5‐one (3) gave similar results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A series of mixtures of solid triglycerides and waxes are examined using 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry. The relative abundances of diagnostic ions are found to vary with sample preparation, handling, and composition. It is proposed that the less efficiently packing, shorter chain, compounds are forced to the analysis site, i.e. the surface. This takes place at varying rates that reflect the bulk properties of the mixture as revealed by its phase diagram and thermal history. Mixtures that remain liquids during analysis show ion abundances correctly reflecting their composition. Mixtures of isotopomeric glycerides also show normal ion abundances.


Vocational education is an employment-oriented one,and the employment quality is crucial to weigh the quality of talent cultivation.Aiming at students' sustainable development,it's fundamental to strengthens their career development.In this process,educational,independent,progressive,and systematic principles should be followed,with general education and personal guidance combined,comprehensive education and process instruction combined,conventional education and particular education combined,campus education and extramural education combined,to effectively implement career development education via curriculum teaching,theme activity,social practice and so on.


Abstract The 14-MeV neutron streaming experiment with three straight ducts is analyzed with the cell flagging technique of the MCNP code. The contributions of neutrons passing through the flagging cell located at the duct inlet and entering the detectors located in the duct are identified quantitatively. Furthermore, the streaming paths of neutrons entering in the duct inlet are cleared by the analysis. As an application of the cell flagging technique, a neutron streaming system with two-bend cylindrical duct in a thick concrete shield is prepared, and the flagging cells are located around the duct. The contributions of neutrons passing the flagging cells to the detector located at the duct outlet are cleared, and effective compensation shields to reduce the neutron dose-equivalent rate at the duct outlet are obtained by replacing some of the flagging cells with the NS-4-FR shield. Moreover, it is expected that the equilibrating contribution from each flagging cell to the dose-equivalent rate at the duct outlet is the essential function to make an effective compensation shielding system with neutron streaming.


With the soaring development of tourism in China,the demand for tourism talents with foreign language competence is in great need.Thus,the cultivation of inter-disciplinary talents is drawing more and more concern.This paper explores the present situation of tourism English teaching for English major(upgraded from junior university) and offers suggestions.


The microstructure obtained as the weld cools from the liquid phase to ambient temperature is called the as–deposited or primary microstructure. Its major components include allotriomorphic ferrite, Widmanstätten ferrite, and acicular ferrite (Fig. 1). There may also be some martensite, retained austenite or degenerate pearlite. These latter phases occur in very small fractions, and are known by the collective term microphases. Bainite, consisting of sheaves of parallel platelets, is not generally found in well–designed welding alloys. Instead, acicular ferrite is induced to nucleate heterogeneously on nonmetallic inclusions.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of absorptive capacity (ACAP) on product innovation in industries of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. A total of 391 southern Brazilian firms of different sizes, from different sectors and technological intensities were considered by using a quantitative approach and structural equation modelling. The main results on this research confirm the influence of ACAP on innovation. More than 30% of innovations can be attributed to absorptive capacity. Furthermore, different dimensions of ACAP impact innovations in different ways, depending on the firm's technological intensity. The paper contributes to a better understanding of these topics. The results showed which dimensions have a different influence on product innovation, considering firm's technological intensity, which is an important finding to managerial practice. In terms of theoretical implications, the study's results show that ACAP has three dimensions, as initially proposed, rather than two or four.


Objective To help the TCM students lay a foundation for their future engaged in traditional Chinese medicine R D and production quality control and other works,the author put forward the concept of"Quality by Design"on the basis of summing up the experience of experimental teaching in traditional Chinese medicine preparation,and emphasizes the importance of triditional Chinese medicine property during the analysing form triditional Chinese medicine.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of DPC4 gene expression on the growth of colon cancer cells and its mechanism.

METHODS
Expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-DPC4 was constructed and transfected into the colon cancer cell line SW620 by use of lipofectamine gene transfer technique. DPC4 protein expression was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The effect of DPC4 gene on the growth of SW620 cells was monitored by population doubling time (PDT) and cloning efficiency. The influence of DPC4 expression on p21WAF1 transcription was investigated by RT-PCR to detect p21WAF1 mRNA.

RESULTS
Successful expression of DPC4 protein was detected in the transfected SW620 cells. Compared with the control cells, PDT (74 h) of the DPC4 expressing cells was prolonged and the cloning efficiency (21%) decreased. In addition, the mRNA level of p21(WAF1) in DPC4 transfected cells was increased.

CONCLUSIONS
Overexpression of DPC4 gene inhibits the growth of colon cancer in vitro, and induction of p21(WAF1) expression may be an important functional aspect of DPC4.


In this article I shall outline the background and give a brief description of the content and aims of the new A 0 syllabus in electronics published for the first time in the examination regulations and syllabuses of the JMB for 1984 but available in 1983 for any centre wishing to enter candidates a year earlier. It is now four years since the JMB revised its A-level physics syllabus  and  introduced  some modern electronics into its core syllabus and as one of five optional topics in selected areas of physics (in addition  there is a  double  option in further physics and a project option). Although sometimes it is possible for a student to choose which two options to take, in practice the choice is usually determined by the options that a school or college can  offer.  Electronics  proved  apopular  option attracting  an  initial  entry of 1227 with  numbers rising to 1527 in 1981. This latter figure is almost identical to the number of students taking London's well established A 0 in electronics,  which.  has increased its entry by a factor of five over the last six years.  During  this  period  the  number of candidates taking the innovatory AEB A-level in electronic systems has grown steadily to an entry of almost 500 last  year.  The  interest  shown in this syllabus has encouraged the AEB to introduce an 0-level in electronics. This was not considered by the JMB, as it was difficult to see how schools could find room  for  an  additional  0-level.  when  the