A delegation of lawmakers from Lebanon's Hezbollah resistance movement has arrived in Russia's capital, Moscow, for talks. Led by Mohammad Raad, the head of the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc – the political wing of Hezbollah the delegation arrived in Moscow on Sunday on the invitation of the Russian Foreign Ministry. The three-day visit will include meetings at the foreign ministry and the Federation Council, the upper house of the parliament, and the State Duma, the lower house, Lebanon's al-Manar TV station reported. Raad told Sputnik that the three-day visit aims to exchange views on the latest developments in Lebanon and the region. He noted that the relationship between Hezbollah and Moscow is built on "common interests and a single or very close view regarding the situation in the region and the need for its stability". Both Russia and Hezbollah back the Syrian government in its fight against foreign-backed Takfiri militants, who have been wreaking havoc in the country since March 2011. The Syrian government says the Israeli regime and its Western and regional allies are aiding the Takfiri terrorist groups. Syrian government forces have taken back many areas once controlled by the terrorist groups. The government and allied forces are currently fighting the last bastions of militants in the northwestern province of Idlib and areas in the neighboring Aleppo province. Before his visit, Raad had said that the formation of a new government in Lebanon may also be discussed during the trip, "but in the context of our assessment of the situation in Lebanon and the necessity of its stability and the efforts to accelerate the formation of the government". BY REZA MOSHFEGH TEHRAN Mark Dankof, a former U.S. Senate candidate, says radical Zionist zealots like Anthony Blinken, Linda Thomas Greenfield, Victoria Nuland, and now Richard Nephew have "absolutely hijacked" the Biden administration's key foreign policy posts. Unlike his promise during election campaigns to reverse Donald Trump's foreign policy faults, Biden seems to follow the same course, adopting a confrontational approach. The Biden administration has shown that it is not determined to make a radical policy change toward West Asia, especially when it comes to Saudi Arabia's deconstructive role and the Israeli occupation of Palestine and its crimes against Palestinians. "It is important for the American political scene to understand that support for Israel in the United States involves the most contradictory coalition possibly ever amassed in history," Mark Dankof tells the Tehran Times. Following is the text of the interview: How do you assess Biden's performance until today? Don't you think that he is following Trump's policy in some respects? As I have stressed repeatedly throughout the last year, Joe Biden and Donald Trump are two sides of a counterfeit Zionist coin when it comes to the foreign and national security policies of the United States, which are nothing less and nothing more than the foreign policy of the Zionist State of Israel and its domestic machine operative in America with absolute impunity. It is apparent when one examines some of the major Israeli lobbying organizations that the Zionist monolith has an absolute stranglehold on the American government, the American mainstream news media, the electoral process, Continued on page 5 Choosing Bahrain as Group C host a political decision: expert


The standardization of Mining Security Quality should be directed by the "Three-representations", insisting in the principle of safety first, quality root. The sense of responsibility, life project, innovation with law in mind should be strengthened in order to promote security. Effective actions should be taken to realize standardization of Mining Security Quality.


West of Mashhad is made of alluvial fan or cone-shaped deposit and is built up by sand and gravel with little silty interlayers to a depth of 30m. In the present study, data of more than 190 boreholes were collected and stored in an appropriate database. Based on the statistical analysis, main properties of the deposits including cohesion, internal friction angle, standard penetration test, plastic limit, liquid limit, soil material and grain size distribution were obtained. For achieving a classification with a suitable precision, soils were compared with each other by introducing a huge number of training classes. In this research, kmean clustering analysis method was used for soil classification and for providing similar physical characteristics of each soil class. Based on this method, soils in two different regions in terms of depth (0-5 and 5-10 m) are clustered in 4 different clusters with the highest similarity degree to each other and the relations between different parameters are obtained.


The present study was aimed to study the association of cerebral ischemia and ischemic reperfusion with endothelin-1 (ET-1)gene expression in rat brains as well as the effect of batroxobin on the ET-1 gene expression during cerebral ischernia and ischemic reperfusion. Twelve male SD rats were randomly divided into ischemic group(n=6) and ischemic reperfusion group(n=6).Each group was subdivided into Batroxobintreated and saline-treated groups. The focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion models were made with thread embolism of middle cerebral artery. After 24h ischernia and 1.5h ischemia followed by 24h reperfusion, ET-1 gene expressions were investigated with in situ hybridization and the results were analyzed with IBAS 2000 Image Analysis System. It was found that the levels of ET-1 mRNA of cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen were markedly increased both in 24h ischemia and ischemic reperfusion groups (P < 0. 01, P<0.05, respectively).In batroxobin-treated rats, although the ET-1 gene expressions of ischernia and ischemic reperfusion sides were also increased as compared with contralateral control sides, they were significantly lower than batroxobin-non treated ischemia and ischemic reperfusion sides(P<0.05, and P<0.01 respectively).Batroxobin-induced down-regulation of ET-1 gene expression in cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen during ischemia and ischemic reperfusion may be one of the protective mechanisms of batroxobin on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.


We show strong convergence with rates for an implicit time discretization, a semi-implicit time discretization, and a related finite element based space-time discretization of the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations with multiplicative noise in two space dimensions. We use higher moments of computed iterates to optimally bound the error on a subset $\Omega_\kappa$ of the sample space $\Omega$, where corresponding paths are bounded in a proper function space, and $\mathbb{P}[\Omega_\kappa] \to 1$ holds for vanishing discretization parameters. This implies convergence in probability with rates, and motivates a practicable acception/rejection criterion to overcome possible pathwise explosion behavior caused by the nonlinearity. It turns out that it is the interaction of Lagrange multipliers with the stochastic forcing in the scheme which limits the accuracy of general discretely LBB-stable space discretizations, and strategies to overcome this problem are proposed.


Objective: Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillary blood vessels by sprouting from existing microvasculature. It is critical for a variety of pathological and non-pathological processes in vertebrates. Steroids and their metabolites have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and promote morphogenesis in a variety of tissues. Materials and Methods: Immunocytochemistry was used to stain the cells with various antibodies. The IC50 concentration was determined using a coulter counter and flow cytometry was used to analyze the externalization of phosphatidylserine as an early event in the apoptotic pathway. Results: We found that the steroids progesterone and 17β-estradiols as well as 2-methoxyestradiol had strong proliferation inhibiting properties on different primary cultures of endothelial cells. The growth inhibiting effect of 2-methoxyestradiol occurs in confluent and in bFGF-induced proliferating cultures of endothelial cells at similar concentrations. In proliferating cultures of endothelial cells this effect occurs not due to cytotoxicity but seems to be mediated by an apoptotic mechanism as shown by FACS analysis. Conclusion: Our results show that the growth inhibiting effect of 2-Me in human endothelial cells occurs by an apoptotic mechanism. Moreover it demonstrates that the antiproliferative effects of 2-Me are independent of the proliferation status of endothelial cells.


This article depicts professional qualification analysis and current working conditions of trans- portation designers, and also trends in transportation design. All gathered information shows the requirements to be met by transportation designers that could form the basis of the new professional standard.


In the Arabian Gulf States, many Western-educated teachers spend their spare time around the water cooler complaining about how their students don't do this or that, or how they can't compare to learners in country x, y, or z. While it is anticipated that teachers arrive in a job with a certain amount of "baggage" related to their experiences and background as both students and teachers, the question arises of whose responsibility is it to accommodate whom? Is it up to local students to transform themselves in order to meet the expectations of foreign teachers or vice versa? Most teachers would hope that there is a third, middle ground where teachers and students come together, as there is not one solitary way to teach and learn English. Investigating this issue leads to the critical pedagogy of Freire and Giroux, as well as the cultural concerns of ESL teaching identified by Canagarajah, Crystal, Kumaravadivelu, and others. The many theories are less of a concern to the actual teachers who day-by-day grapple with their students' strengths and weaknesses, constantly seeking better ways to succeed with those students. Therefore, rather than the unreality of water-cooler talk, the focus of this paper is on the reality of the ESL classroom in the Gulf States, investigating specific, concrete ways that committed teachers have tried to move beyond their own perspectives and limitations, working to democratize their classrooms, switching up their teaching to best engage and utilize the interests and aptitudes of their students. The study examines various teachers' ideas ranging from ice breakers, class activities, assessments and feedback. The goal is to demonstrate successful approaches that might encourage other teachers to critically evaluate their own practices and continue to push themselves to implement new and different pedagogies to help their students.


Drought is a critical environmental factor that constrains plant survival and growth. Genetic engineering provides a credible strategy to improve the drought resistance of plants. Here, we generated transgenic poplar lines expressing the isopentenyl transferase gene (IPT) under the driver of PtRD26 promoter (PtRD26pro -IPT). PtRD26 is a senescence and drought inducible NAC transcription factor. PtRD26pro -IPT plants displayed multiple phenotypes, including improved growth and drought tolerance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that auxin biosynthesis pathway was activated in the PtRD26pro -IPT plants, leading to an increase in auxin contents. Biochemical analysis revealed that ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR10 (PtARR10), one of the type-B ARR transcription factor in cytokinin pathway, was induced in PtRD26pro -IPT plants and directly regulated the transcripts of YUCCA4 (PtYUC4) and YUCCA5 (PtYUC5), two enzymes in auxin biosynthesis pathway. Overexpression of PtYUC4 enhanced drought tolerance, while simultaneous silencing of PtYUC4/5 evidently attenuated the drought tolerance of PtRD26pro -IPT plants. Intriguingly, PtYUC4/5 displayed a conserved thioredoxin reductase activity that is required for drought tolerance by deterring reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Our work reveals the molecular basis of cytokinin and auxin interactions in response to environmental stresses, and shed light on the improvement of drought tolerance without a growth penalty in tree by molecular breeding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The onset of the switchover from fetal to adult erythropoiesis is generally agreed to occur at about 32-36 weeks' post conceptual age. The time course of switching is subject to individual variation, as implied by the scatter in published data. However, the essentially cross-sectional nature of these studies fails to predict patterns of Hb switching in individuals. Such variations and their association with clinical correlates may therefore be missed. We present findings from 15 untransfused babies of 27-34 weeks gestation, studied prospectively till c. 52 weeks' post conceptual age; we monitored total haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and % HbF and derived from these a mathematical analysis allowing deduction of the timing of onset and subsequent rate of Hb switching. We found onset at 32-34 weeks' post conceptual age, with a mean half-time (t½) of 5 weeks. There was wide individual variation in the rate, with t½ of 1-8 weeks. Evaluation of the % HbF in concentrated reticulocytes (prepared using the Flourescence-Activated Cell Sorter) has allowed direct assessment of the validity of the predictions. Quantitation of individual variation in onset and rate of Hb switching allows correlation with specific clinical features. These might include placentofetal transfusion, drugs, stress erythropoiesis and red cell transfusions.


The Bi-layer structure bismuth 0.8 Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-0.2 BaTiO3 + x wt% (0.8 BKT-0.2 BT3-x, x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) Bi2O3 ceramic was sintered in air for 2 h from 1000°C to 1100°C. The excess content of Bi2O3 was used as the sintering aid and to compensate the vaporization of Bi2O3 during the sintering process. A narrow range of sintering temperature could be used to densify the 0.8 BKT-0.2 BT3-x ceramics. The addition of excess Bi2O3 would lower down the sintering temperature and extend the temperature range to sinter the 0.8 BKT-0.2 BT3-x ceramics. The Curie temperatures of 0.8 BKT-0.2 BT3-x ceramics would be shifted to lower temperatures as the sintering temperatures and the content of excess Bi2O3 increase.


Qualitative analyses of teacher-student interaction recorded during subject-matter lessons in grade 4 French immersion classrooms indicate that language form is often out of focus in immersion classroom discourse. Immersion teachers draw regularly on negotiation of meaning strategies to present content, by frequently repeating or recasting learner utterances and using numerous expansions, confirmations, and confirmation checks to do so. Because these interactional moves follow both ill- and well-formed learner utterances, they appear to respond to the meaning of learner utterances and, consequently, may not enable learners to notice the gap between their interlanguage and the target language. However, immersion teachers are still able to bring language form back into focus, without breaking the flow of interaction, by briefly engaging in the negotiation of form with students and then continuing to interact with them about content. With some reference to his past experience as an immersion teacher, the author discusses the pedagogical implications of these and other research findings related to corrective feedback.


Analyzes fire extinction and blowing-out's cause led by fault of heat control apparatus in Yinchuan heat and power plant. Then puts out the solving plan.


Background and Aim: Major β thalassemia is a hereditary hematologic disease with severe clinical symptoms such as certain organic, skeletal and periodontal difficulties and increase of dental caries rate. The aim of this study was to determine the dental caries rate of Thalassemic children and to compare it with the control groups. Materials & Methods: Sixty β thalassemia and healthy children in three groups, 1-5 years group for dmft study, 5-12 years for DMFT and dmft study and after 12 age years for DMFT study were randomly selected. Means of DMFT and dmft and plaque control indices (the brushing and flossing application) were studied in both groups and between three age groups. Comparison of results were made using ANOVA and t. Results: Mean of carious (d,D=4, 5.67) and extracted (m,M=0.22, 0.55) teeth were more in thalassemic patients and mean of filled teeth (f,F=0.45,0.82) were more in control groups. Control group brushed their teeth more frequently and the difference between case and control groups was significant (P less than 0.05), but there was no significant differences between control and case groups in using dental floss. To summarize, caries rate in both primary and permanent dentition was significantly higher in thalassemic patients comparing to control group (P less than 0.05). Conclusion: Caries rate is high in both primary and permanent dentition in thalassemic patients. However, there are many contributing factors in the rate of caries in thalassemic children but this study determined lack of adequate dental care as a major factor.


The invention relates to a method for detecting the flow speed and the flow direction of groundwater by using the temperature as a tracer and a measuring device. The invention adopts a linear heat source, voltage is exerted on the linear heat source so that the linear heat source can generate the heat, a plurality of temperature probes are arranged on the same circumference around the heat source at equal intervals, the values and the time of the temperature received by each probe are different under the effect of the water flow, the temperature received by the probes at the downstream of the heat source is higher than that received by the probes at the upstream of the heat source, the values of the received temperature are used for judging the flow direction of the groundwater, the value of the flow speed of the groundwater is relevant with the time of temperature change received by the probes, and the value of the flow speed of the groundwater is calculated through the time duration from the electrification initiation to the measured temperature change.


According to the epidemic situation in Hunan province, COVID-19: Emergency response measure for GCP in Hunan Province under the first-level response of major public health emergencies (version 2.0) as the consensus is reached by experts with years of rich experience in the field of drug clinical trials. We hope this paper can provide reference for GCP practitioners.


Recent progress on modifications of polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA) via biological、chemical and physical approaches is reviewed.Four typical PHA materials,i.e.poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB),Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV),poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)(P3/4HB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)(PHBHHx) are discussed.The biological approaches provide the PHA polymers with more diversified structures and mechanical properties,and also give the PHA with better pr℃essing property. The chemical modifications endow PHA with more functionalities,such as biomedical polymers based on PHA bl℃k materials.The physical modifications and reactive extrusion make the PHA materials with more improved and balanced properties for practical applications.With the combination of above modifications,the drawbacks of PHA were circumvented through the intensive investigations and exploration during last decade.As novel non-fossil based polymer materials,PHA is ready for an alternative choice for the fossil based polymers.The industrial large scale production and applications would be realized soon.


The aim of the research is to compare the calculated dependencies for determining the equivalent rigidity of a mechanical system and to come to an agreement on the methods of compiling dynamic models for systems with elastic reducer couplings in applied and classical oscillation theories. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that most of the damage in the mechanisms and their details is due to the appearance of oscillations due to the dynamic impact of various factors: shock and alternating loads, unbalanced parts of machines, etc. Therefore, the designer at the design stage, and the engineer in the process of operation should provide the possibility of regulating the oscillatory processes both in details and machines by means of creating rational designs, as well as the use of special devices such as vibration dampers, various vibrators with optimal characteristics. A method is proposed for deriving a formula for determining the equivalent stiffness of a double-mass oscillating system of a multistage reducer with elastic reducer links without taking into account the internal losses and inertia of its elements, which gives a result completely coinciding with the result obtained by the classical theory of small mechanical oscillations and allows eliminating formulas for reducing the moments of inertia of the flywheel masses and the stiffness of the shafts.


This paper was written to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the atomic redefinition of the second in the International System (SI) in 1967. It focuses on the work of individuals and organizations in the United States who made significant contributions to the redefinition of the SI second and helped to establish the era of atomic timekeeping.


High-performance electrochemical plasmonic switching is realized on both single-particle and ensemble levels by coating polyaniline on colloidal gold nanocrystals through surfactant-assisted oxidative polymerization. Under small applied potentials, the core@shell nanostructures exhibit reversible plasmon shifts as large as 150 nm, a switching time of less than 10 ms, and a high switching stability.


Abstract Public right to use of the wet beach or foreshore and the adjacent dry beach is subject to various legal concepts and litigation. The manner of acquisition of public rights, if any, is based on various doctrines in the several coastal states and this in turn affects the public right in eroding or accreting beach areas. Court decisions in Texas, Oregon, Florida, California, New Jersey, and New York are examined to reflect varying attitudes. Private property rights, including the right to protect from erosion and to benefit from accretion, are acknowledged but considered to be subservient to any right of the general public. Land use control in the coastal zone is considered the most important element of management to preserve both private and public rights in this very dynamic environment.


Si Ge C selective epitaxial growth (SEG) was performed by cold-wall, ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition, and the effects of incorporating C on the crystallinity of Si Ge C layers and the performance of a self-aligned SiGeC heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) were evaluated. AS i Ge C layer with good crystallinity was obtained by optimizing the growth conditions. Device performance was significantly improved by incorporating C, as a result of applying Si Ge C SEG to form the base of a self-aligned HBT. Fluctuations in device performance were suppressed by alleviating the lattice strain. Furthermore, since the B out diffusion could be suppressed by incorporating C, the cutoff frequency was able to be increased with almost the same base resistance. A maximum oscillation frequency of 174 GHz and an emitter coupled logic gate-delay time of 5.65 ps were obtained at a C content of 0.4%, which shows promise for future ultrahigh-speed communication systems. Index Terms—Crystallinity, cutoff frequency, emitter coupled logic (ECL), heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT), max- imum oscillation frequency, selective epitaxial growth (SEG), Si Ge C.


The present invention discloses a plant for a nuclear power plant with a pump, comprising a pump body, a rotor member, means mechanical seal, mechanical seal and the bearing member washing pipe. A pump body including inlet nozzle, the pump housing, coupling pipe, an outlet pipe, a pump housing, the pump head and motor housing, the rotor comprising a shaft member, Ye Lun and Ye Lun nut. A pump casing connected in series in this order from the heads of group pump housing, the pump housing sub group and the group consisting of the final stage of the pump housing, the pump housing of each group by the coupling housing and connected to the upper end of the coupling housing shell constituting diversion , lower heads connected to the coupling housing inlet nozzle, the upper end of the last stage connected to the coupling tube guide housing. Mechanical seal means is a cartridge mechanical seal, the sealing device is mounted on the machine shaft side of the pump cover. Mechanical seal comprises a water intake pipe line flushing and water-outlet system. Bearing means disposed between the inlet nozzle comprises a pump shaft, the pump casing between the first-stage pump group and, group and the pump housing between the secondary shaft, guide bearing between the shaft and the final stage of the pump housing.


Controlling navel orangeworm, a key pistachio pest, is problematic because the moth overwinters in "mummy" nuts. After harvest, there may be more than 30,000 pistachio nuts (mummies) left behind per acre. To provide better information for winter sanitation decisions, we investigated the number of available mummies and their levels of navel orangeworm infestation from winter through early summer in California pistachio orchards. Navel orangeworm mortality was highest from late December through mid-February, and was also higher on the ground than in trees. Mortality on the ground was highest when mummies were tilled or mowed with the groundcover than when nuts were left on the raised berm. Our data indicates that, in contrast to almonds, it is more productive to focus on clearing pistachios from the ground than on removing them from trees. However, winter sanitation procedures also should be augmented in order to destroy more overwintering navel orangeworm.


To summarize the technological parameter in ethanol extraction of total Flavones from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.Leave,such as concentration,temperature,time and so on.The optimum condition by orthogonal design was to extract twice with 12 times of 60% ethanol solution and 1 hour each time.Under the optimum condition the yield reached to 3.08%,which was 31.9% of solid acquisition.


And a substrate processing apparatus supports the substrate, and a rotatable spin head, is installed on the spin head, and the spray head for feeding fluid to the lower surface of the substrate during the process, the fluid supply unit for supplying a fluid to the spray head the jet head comprising the substrate to the position at the center portion of the spin head, and extending toward the edge of the spin head and the body in which a fluid is supplied from the fluid supply unit, from the body supplied from said body fluid the injection member comprises an injection member for injecting a bottom surface of, the second to inject the fluid to the middle portion located between the first ejection port and the center portion and the edge portion of the substrate for injecting the fluid in the outer edge of the substrate the injection hole is formed, the fluid is characterized in that the first supply to the first nozzle. The substrate, the body, the injection member, the flow path, the injection hole


Making meaning out of life requires effort, sustained thought and action. It can be difficult to reassert our responsibility for solving real life problems from within social science research or current trends, such as extremely deconstructivist text, and postmodernism in its cheerfully nihilistic guise. Hermeneutical philosophy, of the Ricoeurian reconstructive mode, rehabilitates text as a powerful device for influencing others and offers us courage to proceed with the human project by developing a way of writing, thinking and behaving that is provisional, affirmative and conciliatory, yet constantly questioning. Ricoeur invites the person, both reflective subject and empiricist object of research, to combine these elements and use written text and action as text for an active mode of living. Within philosophy he attempts to achieve a rapprochement between hermeneutical and rational thought. Understanding oneself, through better understanding of the other, derives benefit from crossing disciplinary boundaries between, in this study, philosophy and the social sciences (education and psychology), in order to attempt to move from the particular, individual issues to the general, holistic view and return to one's own situation to act for oneself and others. Ricoeur offers us the opportunity to repossess language, to be ethical and practical, and to challenge the hegemony of Explaining, going beyond method and methodology into epistemology and beyond fact into Understanding: an ontology of hope that makes sense of plurality, without the damage of relativism. This text attempts a narrative ethics, illustrating how Ricoeur's work transformed my thinking from that of a method-bound psychologist to that of, perhaps, a philosopher in the making.


M perfusion (MP) was initially implemented as a device-driven approach in which early technological developments mainly focused on perfusing organs under hypothermic conditions. The first MP devices provided either continuousorpulsatile pressuresunderprotocols initially intended to deliver a limited amount of oxygenation without the use of professional oxygen carrier components (OCCs). The early use of oxygenation at lower temperatures disregarded the use of OCCs since sustaining high oxygen fractions in the perfusate was sufficient to oxygenate hypothermic/low-metabolic-rate tissues over a short period. While the field evolved toward new MP devices, the need for effective long-term oxygenation became more pronounced, since new MP protocols migrated toward normothermic (37°C) conditions. These protocols initially used red blood cells (RBCs) due toRBCavailability and the limited resources devoted to the development of effective OCCs for MP devices. However, RBCs had clear biophysical limitations when submitted to prolonged ex vivo perfusion either by centrifugal or roller pump devices. These abrasive mechanical insults can damage RBC integrity, leading to unavoidable degrees of hemolysis. Furthermore, the use of RBCs at lower temperatures brings additional rheological disadvantages, imposing further limitations on this OCC for MP devices. The ideal perfusion solution should contain a cell-free OCC that would work well withMP at variable temperatures. After disappointing results with perfluorocarbon products, hemoglobin


This study reconceptualizes and operationalizes peer status in elementary school classrooms by considering both teachers' and peers' preferences. Within this framework, a sample of 1411 students (Grades 1-6) in Hong Kong were classified into four types based on combinations of their peers' and teachers' preference scores: (1) popular stars—those liked by both peers and teachers; (2) teachers' pets—those liked by teachers but not by peers; (3) students' heroes—those liked by peers but not by teachers; and (4) rejected—those disliked by both peers and teachers. Results of MANOVA tests revealed significant differences among the four status groups in their leadership, aggression, social withdrawal, and academic performance. Path analyses showed both similarities and differences among the four status groups in terms of students' attributes and how they predicted teachers' and peers' preferences.


Chiari malformation in the onset of the disease can manifest itself in a different clinical symptom complex. The literature describes isolated cases of a combination of Chiari malformation with hearing impairment. The article presents a description of a clinical case of a combination of Chiari malformation with a pontocerebellar cyst combined with unilateral hearing loss in a 34-year-old patient. As a result of the neurosurgical treatment, hearing restoration and regression of existing neurological symptoms were achieved.


Purpose: Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical disease in childhood and inguinalherniotomy is the most common surgery in general surgery practice. Methods: In this report, we retrospectively observed 166 childhood patients who underwentsurgery for inguinal hernia by one surgeon in a state hospital between 2008 and 2010.Results: 86 patient had right, 64 had left and 16 had bilateral inguinal hernia. 46 patients whowere 3 years old or younger were treated with hernioraphy over external ingunal canal. 120patients older than 3 years of age were treated with hernioraphy by opening the inguinal canal.Recurrence occured in 2 patients and these patients had previously been treated with hernioraphyover external inguinal canal. Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggest that, hernioraphy by opening the inguinal canal is betterchoice in inguinal hernia operations of childhood ages


Abstract:This article considers Claude McKay's Romance in Marseille through two emerging fields of study: "Afropessimism" and anthropological theories of the "liminal hotspot." It suggests that McKay's novel functions as a critique of positive Harlem Renaissance images of diasporic movement by highlighting how racial "Blackness" functions as a system for rejecting people of color from the benefits of modernity and sovereign rights-bearing status in an expanded temporal and spatial frame. To explore this hypothesis, the article turns to new anthropological work on the liminal hotspot as a site of sustained, unresolved transition, reading the affectivity of diaspora as a negative one in McKay's work that places an unsustainable pressure on ritual and performative stylizations and renders them untenable as forms for cultivating a sovereign condition.


Influence of terroir on the microbial assemblages associated to common bean seed. EUCARPIA workshop on implementing plant –microbe interaction in plant breeding


Neuromorphic vision algorithms are biologically inspired models that follow the processing that takes place in the primate visual cortex. Despite their efficiency and robustness, the complexity of these algorithms results in reduced performance when executed on general purpose processors. This paper proposes an application-specific system for accelerating a neuromorphic vision system for object recognition. The system is based on HMAX, a biologicallyinspired model of the visual cortex. The neuromorphic accelerators are validated on a multi-FPGA system. Results show that the neuromorphic accelerators are 13.8X (2.6X) more power efficient when compared to CPU (GPU)


Since the epoch of cosmic star formation peak at $z \sim 2$, most of it is obscured in high mass galaxies, while in low mass galaxies the radiation escapes unobstructed. During the reionization epoch, the presence of evolved, dust obscured galaxies are a challenge to galaxy formation and evolution models. By means of a chemodynamical evolution model, we investigate the star formation and dust production required to build up the bulk of dust in galaxies with initial baryonic mass ranging from $7.5 \times 10^{7}$~M$_\odot$ to $2.0 \times 10^{12}$~M$_\odot$. The star formation efficiency was also chosen to represent the star formation rate from irregular dwarf to giant elliptical galaxies. We adopted a dust coagulation efficiency from \citep[][Case A]{dwek1998evolution} as well as a lower efficiency one (Case B), about five times smaller than Case A. All possible combination of these parameters was computed, summing forty different scenarios. We find that in high stellar formation systems the dust accretion in ISM rules over stellar production before the star formation peak, making these systems almost insensible to dust coagulation efficiency. In low star formation systems, the difference between Case A and B lasts longer, mainly in small galaxies. Thus, small irregular galaxies should be the best place to discriminate different dust sources. In our observational sample, taken from the literature, dust-to-gas ratio tends to be more spread only than dust mass, for both stellar mass and star formation rate. Dust-to-gas vs. dust-to-star diagram is a good tracer for both galaxy and dust evolution, due to the link between gas, star, dust and star formation rate. However, the model do not constrain simultaneously all this quantities. The new generation facilities (such as JWST, ELT, VLT and SPICA) will be indispensable to constrain dust formation across the cosmic time.


The epitaph alone leads one to conclude that under this stone lies the earthly remains of a unique, energetic, multitalented leader of the modern church. But exactly who was Charles Henry Brent? For many outside the circle of ecumenical and missionary scholars, Brent remains an obscure figure. It is hoped that this survey of Brent's life and legacy will help secure the bishop's place as one of the great Christian statesmen, ecumenists, and missionaries of the early twentieth century.


We present ESO-NTT low resolution spectroscopy of the neutron star X-ray transient Cen X-4 in quiescence over a complete orbital cycle. Our data reveal the presence of a K3–7 V companion which contributes 63% to the 5600–6900 A flux and orbits the neutron star with a velocity semi-amplitude of K2 = 145.8 ± 1. 0k m s −1 . This, combined with a previous determination of the inclination angle and mass ratio, yields a –


This report focuses on the control of hybrid systems. The authors first describe specification and control of the closed loop behavior of the system in terms of propositional linear temporal logic. Control and coordination models are given in the formalism. The authors next present a continuous event model of the plant and formulate the hybrid system control problem. The report concludes with an application domain of hybrid system control theory.


The present invention discloses a preventive or ameliorant of hypertension or medical symptoms caused by it and a food or beverage that prevents or ameliorates hypertension or medical symptoms caused by it that contain for its active ingredient dioxabicycloA3.3.0Uoctane derivative represented by the formula (2). wherein, R , R , R , R , R and R are respectively and independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or R and R and/or R and R collectively represent a methylene group or ethylene group, and n, m and l represent 0 or 1.


In order to make the most use of the heterogeneous fuzzy data (HFD) available for hybrid intelligent controller (HIC) design, we classify the HFD into four categories: direct data (DD), direct rules (DR), indirect data (ID) and indirect rules (IR). Based on inverse learning, we convert the ID, IR, DD, and DR into a uniform domain; therefore some data fusion theory can be used to integrate HFD with direct and indirect forms. Some conjunctive (T-norms), disjunctive (T-conorms) and compromise (mean) fusion operators have been selected and compared for the above proposed HFD fusion methods. The validity of the proposed methods is verified through hybrid intelligent control of a biped walking robot. The simulation results show that the gait can be improved by the proposed inverse learning-based HFD fusion methods.


The yeast microtubule organizing centre (MTOC), known as the spindle pole body (SPB), organizes the nuclear and cytoplasmic microtubules which are functionally and spatially distinct. Microtubule organization requires the yeast γ‐tubulin complex (Tub4p complex) which binds to the nuclear side of the SPB at the N‐terminal domain of Spc110p. Here, we describe the identification of the essential SPB component Spc72p whose N‐terminal domain interacts with the Tub4p complex on the cytoplasmic side of the SPB. We further report that this Tub4p complex‐binding domain of Spc72p is essential and that temperature‐sensitive alleles of SPC72 or overexpression of a binding domain‐deleted variant of SPC72 (ΔN‐SPC72) impair cytoplasmic microtubule formation. Consequently, polynucleated and anucleated cells accumulated in these cultures. In contrast, overexpression of the entire SPC72 results in more cytoplasmic microtubules compared with wild‐type. Finally, exchange of the Tub4p complex‐binding domains of Spc110p and Spc72p established that the Spc110p domain, when attached to ΔN‐Spc72p, was functional at the cytoplasmic site of the SPB, while the corresponding domain of Spc72p fused to ΔN‐Spc110p led to a dominant‐negative effect. These results suggest that different components of MTOCs act as receptors for γ‐tubulin complexes and that they are essential for the function of MTOCs.


The Chinese Olympic dream was achieved by the Beijing Olympic Games which made China from major sports country to sports power forward.As one of the sport dream extension,the Olympic dream cannot come true without the enhancement of comprehensive national strength.At the same time,the Chinese dream for China's revitalization,is the premise of the sport dream.Therefore,the unique function of sport will boost the Chinese dream in China modernization.


Time raises a host of difficult ethical questions. This doctoral project focuses on two: 1. How are "static" comparative principles (e.g. equality, desert) to be understood over time? (The Problem of Fairness & Time) 2. How might separation (in time) between agents, objects, and threats affect claims to the relevant resources? (The New Problem of Temporal Distance) My work begins with a simple observation: our prima facie intuitions about the value of simple distributions change depending on whether such cases are presented as static (occurring at one time) or dynamic (extended over time). Further examination of more complicated distributions leads to the proposal of a new theory, Weighted Progressive Egalitarianism. This theory has two features: only past-regarding complaints matter (a scope restriction), and a comparative complaint between persons located at a great temporal distance matters less than a complaint between contemporaries (a weighting restriction). This theory provides one plausible answer to the first question, the Problem of Fairness & Time. The evaluation of this theory relies on and reveals some non-standard answers to the second question, the New Problem of Temporal Distance. I conclude by arguing that the theory's application to a few puzzles in population axiology merits further investigation.


We designed this research guide to introduce you to the field of environmental sciences. You'll find the encyclopedias, dictionaries, search tools, and other basic resources you need to start your research.


Monitoring electroencephalography (EEG), is the important measurement for diagnosis the pathological and physiological conditions of human brain. EEG recording is done by using traditional wet electrode which is required skin preparation and gel application before using. Repeating this process causes problems for users over time, a waste of time and effort, as well as a loss of signal when the gel or conductive fluid dries up. In order to overcome these problems, a dry-contact electrodes with multi—pins are designed and manufacturing in the present study to measure brain signals without prior preparation of the skin. These electrodes made from Brass metal and coated with conductive material to enhanced the electrical conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy SEM and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy EDX tests are used to study surface morphology of electrode and to identify the chemical element of electrode's materials. Electrode skin electrode impedance interface ESI is also measured in this study. To evaluate the dry-contact electrodes, EEG measurement are performed and the result compared with standard wet electrodes by using correlation coefficient. The result showed there is no considerably different between dry-contact electrodes and wet electrodes. To conclude, the dry-contact EEG electrodes can reliably measure brain activity through a fast and convenient preparation method, so they are expected to be used in clinical practice.


Tourism studies have for a long time been interested in tourist destinations, their identity and the changes occurring in them. In view of the 'spatialization of social theory' and the past discussions on locality studies in human geography, this article seeks to contribute to our understanding of research into tourist destinations and their changes. The article focuses on the conceptual nature of tourist destination and especially the processes transforming the idea of a destination, its representations and physical character as a subject of research. Tourist destinations are seen as dynamic, historical units with specific identities characterized by hegemonic and other discourses, which all produce a notion of what the destination is and represents at the time. However, there is not just one idea or discourse of destination at the time but several, possibly even conflicting ones, which emphasizes the need to consider the ethical aspects of tourism development in research.


The article is devoted to the problem of family influence on formation of individual alimentation pattern. The article analyses and generalizes the main psychological factors which determine individual alimentation patterns. It is recognized, that in the formation of alimentation pattern, family is notably significant together with other factors. This work describes the generic characteristic of psychological factors, which determine individual alimentation patterns, in conjunction with their degree of relevance.


The invention discloses a preparation method of cefamandole nafate, which comprises the following steps: (1) suspending 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) S-methyl] -3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and sodium bicarbonate in an acetone water solution, adding the acetone solution of alpha-formylmandeloyl chloride to carry out a condensation reaction, and preparing 7-D-(2-formyloxy phenylacetamide)-3- [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) S-methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; and (2) dissolving the 7-D-(2-formyloxy phenylacetamide)-3- [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) S-methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid in acetone to carry out a salification reaction with the acetone solution of organic acid sodium to prepare the cefamandole nafate. The method has the advantages of simple technology, high product yield, high purity, high reaction selectivity and use of no special equipment in production, and is suitable for industrialized production.


Objective To measure the ADC(Apparent Diffusion Coefficient)values of the healthy kidneys of the middleaged and elderly with DWI(Diffusion Weighted Imaging),and to research the physiological change on the age.Methods 60 healthy middle-aged and elder volunteers between May 2010 and October 2012 underwent T1-weighted imaging and diffusion weighted imaging(b=0s/mm2,600s/mm2,1 000s/mm2)with GE 1.5T Signa Twin Speed.The ADC values were measured on the workstation.The renal cortex and medulla ADC values of the middle-aged and elderly were compared separately with SPSS 17.0.Results When the b value was 600s/mm2,the renal cortex and medulla ADC values of the middle-aged were(2.24±0.11)×10-3 mm2/s,(2.22±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s;The elderly were(2.15±0.14)×10-3 mm2/s,(2.12±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s;When the b value was 1 000s/mm2,the renal cortex and medulla ADC values of the middle-aged were(1.98±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s,(1.89±0.10)×10-3 mm2/s;The elderly were(1.85±0.19)×10-3 mm2/ s,(1.87±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s.With the same b value,the ADC values of the cortex and medulla between the middle-aged and elderly had statistically difference respectively,except the medulla ADC value with b value 1 000s/mm2.With the same b value,the ADC values of the middle-aged and elderly between the cortex and medulla had no statistically difference respectively.Conclusion Age is one of the most important factors which affect the renal cortex and medulla ADC values.


ABSTRACT

Inspired by the abstractionist models of knowledge representation (Rosch, 1975), social cognition literature assumed during decades that stereotypes are stable and context-independent knowledge structures (Fiske & Taylor, 1984; Hamilton, 1981). However, recently, a growing body of evidences has showed that these knowledge structures are more instable (Garcia-Marques, Santos, & Mackie, 2006) and more prone to contextual influences (Coats & Smith, 1999; Garcia-Marques & Mackie, 1999, 2001; Santos, 2007; Wittenbrink, Judd, & Park, 2001) then the abstractionist models made us believe.

In spite of potential theoretical importance of recent demonstrations of context-sensitive nature of stereotypes, little attention has been given to the underlying cognitive processes. In the cognitive psychology literature, some authors claim that the context-sensitivity of our knowledge structures is due to efficient memory retrieval processes using salient contextual information as cues to assemble knowledge from memory (e.g., Barsalou, 2002). However, inspired on SAC model (Ayers & Reder, 1998) and on Jacoby' dual-processing model (Jacoby & Whitehouse, 1989), we assume that stereotypes context-sensitivity may also result from integrating salient cues in the assembling process, independently of their association with the stereotype in memory. Moreover, we expect that the stereotype assembling may incorporate these illusory beliefs: 1) when social actors respond based on processing fluency (McElree, Dolan, & Jacoby, 1999) and, 2) for the case where social actors relay their answers on memory monitoring outcome, when participants possess highly accessible information with high diagnostic value that contradict the contextually salient attributes (Dodson & Schacter, 2001, 2002). These preditions were tested in two studies using an adaptation of Jacoby and Whitehouse (1989) paradigm.

In the first study participants performed a group attribution task. In this task participants decided in each of several trials, whether specific attributes belonged or not to specific social groups. The attributes presented were subliminally primed with themselves in half of the trials (contextually salient condition). Moreover, 1/3 of the attributes paired with the groups were group-irrelevant and 1/3 group-incongruent. As we assumed that the mere presentation of group label would activate congruent traits and these traits contradict the association between the group and incongruent but not necessarily the irrelevant traits, we deemed the incongruent conditions as diagnostic and the irrelevant as non-diagnostic. Half of the participants had 1 second response deadline on each trial and the other half 3 seconds (fluency vs. monitoring condition). The results show that, regardless of trait attribute type and response deadline condition, contextual salient attributes are more frequently attributed to the social groups. Although these results speak in favor of the contextual nature of stereotypes, they only partially support our predictions. In fact, we did not predict an effect of contextual salience for diagnostic attributes in the memory monitoring condition. We argue that the great variability of social information reduces the diagnosticity of accessible congruent attribute traits led participants to respond always based on fluency.

To overcome these limitations, in the second study we used the same paradigm but with material easier to control. Specifically, participants memorized four lists of objects, each one belonging exclusively to one target person and then, perform a classical recognition task. Contextual salience and fluency versus memory monitoring were manipulated has in the first study. Diagnosticity was controlled trough the use of both, 1/3 target-new and 1/3 target-old mismatch objects (non-diagnostic vs. diagnostic condition). The results support our predictions and show that: 1) contextual salient non-diagnostic objects have lower accuracy regardless of response deadline conditions; 2) contextual salient diagnostic objects have lower accuracy only on the fluency condition.

These results provide preliminary evidences that stereotypes context-sensitivity may result form a belief illusion and it also provides evidences about the conditions where this process is expected to occur. More generally, these results are consistent with the growing set of evidences questioning the preponderant role that abstractions play in the stereotype assembling process. However, it gives a step further and questions the preponderant role of memory in general. These concerns, although quite recent in social cognition (e.g., Semin & Smith, 2002; Smith & Semin, 2004), are concomitant with the situated cognition framework initially developed by Artificial Intelligence researchers (Clancey, 1997; Clark, 1998; Pfeifer & Bongard, 2006).

BILBIOGRAPHY

Ayers, M. S., & Reder, L. M. (1998). A theoretical review of the misinformation effect: Predictions from an activation-based memory model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5(1), 1-21.

Barsalou, L. (2002). Being there conceptually: Simulating categories in preparation for situated action. In N. L. Stein, P. J. Bauer & M. Rabinowitz (Eds.), Representation, memory and development: Essays in honor of jean mandler.Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Clancey, W. J. (1997). Situated cognition: On human knowledge and computer representations.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clark, A. (1998). Being there: Putting brain, body, and world together again.Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Coats, S., & Smith, E. R. (1999). Perceptions of gender subtypes: Sensitivity to recent exemplar activation and in-group/out-group differences. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 25 (4), 515-526.

Dodson, C. S., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). "if i said i would have remembered it": Reducing false memories witha destinctiveness heuristic. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(1), 155-161.

Dodson, C. S., & Schacter, D. L. (2002). When false recognition meets metacognition: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, 782-803.

Fiske, S., & Taylor, S. (1984). Social cognition.New York: Random House.
Garcia-Marques, L., & Mackie, D. M. (1999). The impact of stereotype-incongruent information on perceived group variability and stereotype change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 979-990.

Garcia-Marques, L., & Mackie, D. M. (2001). Not all stereotype-incongruent information is created equal: The impact of sample variability on stereotype change. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 4, 5-20.

Garcia-Marques, L., Santos, A. S., & Mackie, D. M. (2006). Stereotypes: Static abstractions or dynamic knowledge structures? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), 814-831.
Hamilton, D. (Ed.). (1981). Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behaviour.Hillsdale: Erlabaum Associates.

Jacoby, L. L., & Whitehouse, K. (1989). An illusion of memory: False recognition influenced by unconscious perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 126-135.

McElree, B., Dolan, P., & Jacoby, L. (1999). Isolating the contributions of familiarity and source information to iten recognition: A time course analysis. Journal of experimental psychology: Learning, memory and cognition, 3, 563-582.

Pfeifer, R., & Bongard, J. (2006). How the body shapes the way we think: A new view of intelligence.Massachussets: MIT Press.
Rosch, E. (1975). Cognitive representation of semantic categories. Journal of experimental psychology: General, 104, 192-233.

Santos, A. S. (2007). A relatividade dos estereotipos: Sensibilidade ao contexto e mecanismos explicativos.

Semin, G., & Smith, E. (2002). Interfaces of social psychology with situated and embodied cognition. Cognitive systems research, 3, 385-396.
Smith, E. R., & Semin, G. (2004). Socially situated cognition: Cognition in its social context. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 53-117.

Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C., & Park, B. (2001). Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes. Journal or personality and social psychology, 81 (5), 815-827.


A zinc, zinc alloy or aluminum alloy plated steel strip having chromate coatings on both surfaces is coated with a lubricating resin composition for improving formability and corrosion resistance. In one form, a resin composition including a base resin, silica, a high melting polyolefin wax and optionally, a low-melting polyolefin wax is applied on both surfaces for improv ing formability. In a second form, a resin composition including a base resin, silica, and a powder fluoro resin is applied on both surfaces for improving corrosion resistance. In a third form, the chronated steel is coated with a resin composition including a base resin, silica and a solid lubricant on one side and with a resin com position including a base resin and silica on the other side for improving both formability and corrosion resis tance.


In this article,authors introduce major decorative art of Hong Kong Disneyland Fantasyland construction project,mainly including the construction of decorative plaster,theme paint,scenic paint and color concrete.


The current study was aimed at finding the effect of teaching models and an authentic assessment on football skill learning achievement by controlling motor educability. The sample consisted of 142 students of Physical Education Health Department that were selected randomly. The study used the 2x2 factorial experimental design, while the data were analyzed using 2-way ANACOVA. The results showed that after controlling motor educability, football skill learning achievement of the students who learned through the Cooperative Learning type Jigsaw model was higher than those who learned through the conventional model; the football skill learning achievement of those who were assessed by portfolio assessment was better than those who were assessed by authentic assessment. There was also an interaction between the teaching model and an authentic assessment on football skill learning achievement. The students who learned through the Cooperative Learning type jigsaw model was more appropriately assessed by portfolio assessment, while those who learned through the conventional learning model was more appropriately assessed by performance assessment.


Background: Cardiovascular diseases are significant contributors to global increased mortality rates. coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of heart disease globally.
Aims: Detection of the characteristics [clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and coronary angiographic] of ischemic heart disease patients in Med Delta region in Egypt and also their management plan.
Methodology: The registry included 1000 patients of ischemic heart disease (IDH) at Med Delta Region. All patients underwent full medical history, full cardiac examination, detection of ECG changes, cardiac enzymes, other labs, Echocardiography and coronary angiography
Results: Out of 1000 patients studied 72.1% had chronic coronary syndromes and 27.9% had acute coronary syndrome. Seven hundreds and sixty-seven (76.7%) were known to have hypertension and 725 (72.5%) patients were smokers. left anterior descending artery (LAD) was diseased in 54.9 % of the patients. Single vessel disease was affected in 61.7%, 21.5% had double vessel disease and about 16.8 % had multi vessel disease.
Conclusion: Chronic coronary syndrome was the most common presentation in the studied patients with hypertension being the most prevalent risk factor and LAD was the mostly affected vessel.


CoJplexation reactions of maltol, kojic and chlorokojic acid with ~ismuth (III) and antimony (III) have been studied pOlarl' raphical1y. In both the cases reduction is quasireversible hence ormal potentials as wel1as kinetic parameters, viz. IX and K, have en obtained using the method of Hale and Parsons. Bi(III) forms hree complexes with each of the ligand, while formation of only ope complex (1:2)has been observed with Sb(III). The stability constapts of the various complexes have been determined.


The high charge and energy (HZE), Semiempirical Nuclear Fragmentation Model, HZEFRG1, was developed to provide a computationally efficient, user-friendly, physics-based program package for generating nuclear fragmentation databases. These databases can then be used in radiation transport applications such as space radiation shielding and dosimetry, cancer therapy with laboratory heavy ion beams, and simulation studies of detector design in nuclear physics experiments. The program provides individual element and isotope production cross sections for the breakup of high energy heavy ions by the combined nuclear and Coulomb fields of the interacting nuclei. The nuclear breakup contributions are estimated using an energy-dependent abrasion-ablation model of heavy ion fragmentation. The abrasion step involves removal of nucleons by direct knockout in the overlap region of the colliding nuclei. The abrasions are treated on a geometric basis and uniform spherical nuclear density distributions are assumed. Actual experimental nuclear radii obtained from tabulations of electron scattering data are incorporated. Nuclear transparency effects are included by using an energy-dependent, impact-parameter-dependent average transmission factor for the projectile and target nuclei, which accounts for the finite mean free path of nucleons in nuclear matter. The ablation step, as implemented by Bowman, Swiatecki, and Tsang (LBL report no. LBL-2908, July 1973), was treated as a single-nucleon emission for every 10 MeV of excitation energy. Fragmentation contributions from electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) processes, arising from the interacting Coulomb fields, are estimated by using the Weiszacker-Williams theory, extended to include electric dipole and electric quadrupole contributions to one-nucleon removal cross sections. HZEFRG1 consists of a main program, seven function subprograms, and thirteen subroutines. Each is fully commented and begins with a brief description of its functionality. The inputs, which are provided interactively by the user in response to on-screen questions, consist of the projectile kinetic energy in units of MeV/nucleon and the masses and charges of the projectile and target nuclei. With proper inputs, HZEFRG1 first calculates the EMD cross sections and then begins the calculations for nuclear fragmentation by searching through a specified number of isotopes for each charge number (Z) from Z=1 (hydrogen) to the charge of the incident fragmenting nucleus (Zp). After completing the nuclear fragmentation cross sections, HZEFRG1 sorts through the results and writes the sorted output to a file in descending order, based on the charge number of the fragmented nucleus. Details of the theory, extensive comparisons of its predictions with available experimental cross section data, and a complete description of the code implementing it are given in the program documentation. HZEFRG1 is written in ANSI FORTRAN 77 to be machine independent. It was originally developed on a DEC VAX series computer, and has been successfully implemented on a DECstation running RISC ULTRIX 4.3, a Sun4 series computer running SunOS 4.1, an HP 9000 series computer running HP-UX 8.0.1, a Cray Y-MP series computer running UNICOS, and IBM PC series computers running MS-DOS 3.3 and higher. HZEFRG1 requires 1Mb of RAM for execution. In addition, a FORTRAN 77 compiler is required to create an executable. A sample output run is included on the distribution medium for numerical comparison. The standard distribution medium for this program is a 3.5 inch 1.44Mb MS-DOS format diskette. Alternate distribution media and formats are available upon request. HZEFRG1 was completed in 1992.


This book is a collection of invited papers on biological control of soilborne plant pathogens from Section V (Soilborne Plant Pathogens) and related sections of the 5th International Congress of Plant Pathology held at Kyoto,Japan from 20 to 27 August 1988. It is the sixth in a series of books on soilborne plant pathogens; the second to fifth books were associated with the First to Fourth International Congresses of Plant Pathology. It is pleasing to see that the tradition of publishing papers from the Soilborne Diseases Section of International Congresses is continuing. The book also commemorates 25 years since the first international meeting on soilborne plant pathogens was held in Berkeley, California, in 1963. It is significant that A. Kerr and A.D. Rovira, two Australian scientists, as well as R. Baker, USA, who were -contributors' to theflrstbook, published 25 years ago, are joint authors of chapters in this book. The book contains 30 papers which are divided into five sections, titled Progress Towards Biological Control, Mechanisms and Management of Biological Control. Influence of Cultural Practices and Ecological Aspects, Resistance and Pathogenicity, and Strategies for Improving Biological Control. Most deal primarily with the use of microorganisms to control soilborne diseases. Chapters on host resistance as a form of biological control add a further dimension to the contents of the book. In the first chapter, R.J. Cook reviews 25 years of progress in biological control of soilborne pathogens. This gives historical perspective to its development. It is satisfying to see that predictions made in 1963, for example, on the occurrence of antibiotics in soil microsites have been shown to be correct in this book. Some chapters report on research which is heavily dependent on the use of recombinant DNA technology. Cook predicts that this will be an area of rapid expansion in this form of control in the next 25 years. It is probable that he will be proved correct. Evidence is presented that many fungal as well as a bacterial and an actinomycete disease can be reduced through biological control. There are chapters on control of Fusarium wilt in many crops, infection by Rhizoctonia so/ani in sugar beet, Vert/cillium dahliae of solanaceous and cruciferous hosts, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in wheat and Phytophthora megasperma in soya beans. One chapter on the immunisation of green bean against


Outraged is certainly the adjective to describe Paul Brodeur, the New Yorker writer who has been following the fates of asbestos workers for two decades. Outraged that the asbestos industry failed to warn workers of the hazards of the fibrous mineral, despite the fact that company documents prove firms knew of problems 50 years ago. Outraged that Manville Corp., once the largest U.S. producer of asbestos, earned a reprieve from paying millions of dollars in benefits to injured workers by filing for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code. Outraged at politicians who are trying to enact legislation that would limit the legal rights of people exposed to asbestos. To Brodeur, the actions of the asbestos industry are villainous. Detailed in his book "Outrageous Misconduct: The Asbestos Industry on Trial" is evidence unearthed by attorneys— the heroes in Brodeur's eyes—who have sued asbestos mining and manufacturing firms on behalf of asbestos workers. In case ...


In this paper,we propose a new id-based online/offline short signature scheme,and use it to online/offline threshold signature.The efficient of this scheme is that the length of the signature it generates is very short,and so it can be used to quick transmission in Internet.


Acoustic emission (AE) is used as a means to anticipate the mechanical failure of critical materials and structures by detecting the release of energy caused by material rearrangement at the microlevel. Optical-fiber sensors have potential advantages over conventional tuned piezoelectric transducers and signal-processing methods for the detection of such types of ultrasonic acoustic wave events. A number of fiber Bragg grating techniques are presented, which in particular offer the potential to provide the high-speed signal processing and ability to multiplex numbers of AE sensors necessary to detect, quantify, and locate AE sources and thereby determine material properties and damage.


macy of the mental. Much contemporary philosophy of mind proceeds on the grounds that we have a problem-free concept of what is nonmental, or mind-independent, or taking up the so-called third-person point of view. I argue that the very notion of a third-person point of view rests on the intelligibility of an antecedent subjective, fi rst-person point of view. To appreciate the natura and cogency of mind-body "dualism" historically and today, one needs to recognize the importance of methodology and of securing a commonsense, initial starting point of inquiry that takes the fi rst-person, subjective experience seriously. Second, I advance a case for what may be called integrative dualism . Too often, critics of dualism fail to recognize that one may embrace the metaphysical distinction of person and body, or the mental and physical, and yet claim that in a fully functioning, healthy embodiment, the embodied person functions as a unifi ed subject. The second part of this chapter, then, seeks to redress the charge that dualism employs an implausible bifurcation between the observable, material body and the invisible, incorporeal mind. Third, I argue that the objection to mind-body interaction in a dualist framework is over rated. Contemporary critics of dualism such as Paul Churchland assume that we have a problem-free account of physical causation, but we are (or we should be) baffl ed about how to square "thoroughly" and "unambiguously" physical causation with mental causation. I argue for the reverse: we should not be baffl ed or suspect of mental causation, lest we undermine the very intelligibility and practice of the physical sciences. I have defended elsewhere a modal argument for mind-body dualism. 1  This chapter will not directly contribute to that argument, which I fi nd persuasive, but it will address three challenges facing dualism in terms of method, integration, and causal interaction. If successful, this chapter will indirectly contribute to the modal argument insofar as its concluding portrait of personal embodiment seems both coherent and promising. The primacy of the mental : Some physicalists assume that we are fi rst and foremost in possession of a sound understanding of what it is to be physical. This is sometimes articulated in terms of the problem of causal interaction in dualism. Consider three claims. Here is Jaegwon Kim: 11 The Promise and Sensibility of Integrative Dualism


SYSTEMS Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications in the 5 Ghz Band, IEEE 802.11a, Sections (75) Inventors: Yuri Goldstein, Southbury, CT (US); 17.2, 17.3, 17.5., date unknown. Yuri Okunev, Southbury, CT (US) HiperLAN2. Broadband Wireless Communications at 5 Ghz, P. Schramm et al., IEEE, vol. 40, No. 6, Jun. 2002. (73) Assignee: PCTEL, Inc., Milpitas, CA (US) Digital Communications, J. Proakis, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2001, Sections 5.2.9, 14.5, date unknown. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Minimum BER Power Loading for OFDM in Fading Channel, L. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Shi's t Ensactions on Communications, vol. 50. U.S.C. 154(b) by 501 days. * cited by examiner (21) Appl. No.: 10/406,776 Primary Examiner Matthew D. Anderson (22) Filed: Apr. 3, 2003 Assistant Examiner Sanh Phu (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Gordon & Jacobson, P.C. (65) Prior Publication Data (57) ABSTRACT US 2004/O2O3465 A1 Oct. 14, 2004 Methods, apparatus, and systems for mode assignment and (51) Int. Cl. mode adaptation to channel conditions are provided which H04B 700 (2006.01) are based on estimations of real signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) (52) U.S. Cl. ................................ 455/67.11; 455/67.13; for each frequency carrier bearing information during a data 375/227; 375/221 transmission session. The invention utilizes two principal (58) Field of Classification Search ............. 455/67.11, procedures: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation, and a 455/67.13, 67.14, 63.1, 69,226.3; 375/227, corresponding mode assignment. SNR estimation is 375/221, 222, 225; 370/338, 252,332 obtained by an averaging of squared Euclidean distances See application file for complete search history. between normalized received signals and reference signals corresponding to either current hard decisions from the (56) References Cited output of a demodulator or soft decisions provided by a U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS decoder, for each frequency carrier bearing random infor mation. Using the SNR estimations, various algorithms for 6,108,374. A * 8/2000 Balachandran et al. ..... 375/227 determining mode assignment are provided. 6,898,198 B1* 5/2005 Ryan et al. ................. 370,338 7,076,225 B2 * 7/2006 Li et al. .................. 455,245.1 51 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets


The problem of making a map of an unknown scene containing objects of arbitrary shapes is considered. A specific formulation of the terrain acquisition problem due to Lumelsky et al. is investigated. The motivation is to develop efflcient new algorithms and understand the basics of the problem. A new, generalized algorithm GenTer is developed. Varying a parameter (Y in GenTer produces a family of algorithms. A particular version of the generalized algorithm, called Terl, performs better on the average than the existing algorithm, the Sightseer Strategy. Terl offers a new feature called the Hierarchical Map Making, through which a good approximate map can be efflciently created.


The effects of three fluorosurfactants on the bacterial oxidation of ferrous ion and the bioleaching of chalcopyrite flotation concentrate were compared. FC 120 delayed but did not prevent bacterial ferrous ion oxidation. In the presence of FC 120, copper release from chalcopyrite concentrate during bioleaching was enhanced, relative to a control. FC 170-C and FC 1129 did not inhibit ferrous ion oxidation or improve copper extraction from chalcopyrite concentrate significantly when added to a bioleaching medium. Keywords: fluorosurfactants, bioleaching, biooxidation, chalcopyrite concentrate.


FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has cylindric electrode capsules with double bottom. Medicine is introduced into the cavity between the outer and inner bottom. The outer bottom has openings. Internally filled electrodes are coated with indifferent insulating material dissociating in some medium within the gastrointestinal tract. The device of this kind only starts operating after the electrode insulating coating being dissolved and medicine delivery starts acting concurrently with electrostimulation. Medicine assimilation is enhanced due to electrostimulation. In moving through the gastrointestinal tract, such electrostimulation device delivers medicine to any part of the tract. When passing the oral cavity, danger arises of being jammed in upper portion of the esophagus or of acute asphyxia to take place. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment. 7 cl, 1 dwg


The fireproof cable bridge rack of plastic alloy includes a troughed rack and upper hood plate over the troughed rack, and features the organic heat isolating lining of non-inflammable material inside the troughed rack. In case of fire, the bridge rack can dissipate heat outwards while absorbing heat to lower temperature and retard fire so as to reach excellent fireproof effect. The present invention is superior in the smart utilization of the fireproof characteristic of organic heat isolating lining and the reasonably improved cable bridge rack first.


This paper focuses on the provision of higher education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the issues surrounding strategies employed by institutions to prepare tertiary level students for careers in the global economy. Dramatic growth and development in the Arabian Gulf region over the past two decades has made fundamental changes in the education system necessary. There has been a shift in focus from more traditional education and delivery methods, to contemporary approaches to support student learning with the emphasis on preparing students for careers in the knowledge economy. These changes in higher education, and its widespread provision, have impacted on the UAE and its economy in particular. This paper reviews the provision of higher education, its role in the rapidly developing society and economy of the UAE, and how the community is contributing to and benefiting from emerging partnerships.


Dear Editor, A 68-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was referred to our hospital in 2014. She had been diagnosed with stage II RA 8 years earlier, and had been treated with systemic corticosteroids and monthly tocilizumab injections. Ten days after the fifth injection, the patient noticed erythema with pustules, hemorrhagic bullae and infiltration on the soles and elbows (Fig. 1a,b). A peripheral blood sample showed an elevated leukocyte count of 10 950/lL, with 76% neutrophils, and a positive rheumatoid factor (RF) level of 428 IU/mL (reference range, ≤15). However, these levels were not markedly different from previous levels. A biopsy specimen from the erythema of the elbow revealed a neutrophilic dermal infiltrate and leukocytoclasis without vasculitis (Fig. 1c,d). Immunohistochemistry showed that the specimens expressed high levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 (Fig. 1e,f). When we started to treat the erythema with topical steroids, the erythema regressed over several weeks, although RF concentrations did not decrease. Five days after the sixth injection of tocilizumab, the erythema recurred with slight increase in RF level. Treatment with a topical steroid led to regression of the erythema. Tocilizumab injections were discontinued because of the recurrence of erythema. Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis (RND) is a rare cutaneous eruption that occurs in association with severe RA. The activity of RND often parallels that of RA. RND exhibits red-purple plaques and, rarely, pustules. Histologically, RND consists of a dense dermal infiltration of neutrophils, but no


In this paper, a cooperative MAC protocol that is reliable over bad wireless channel environments and thus can enhance the system performance much more is proposed. Its performance is evaluated with the computer simulation. The system throughput and average waiting delay are used as performance measures. According to numerical results, the proposed MAC protocol provides better system throughput by 24% than the traditional rDCF scheme. From the average waiting delay point of view, when the number of terminals is small, the proposed MAC protocol has the better performance in an average view-point than the rDCF scheme. However, when the number of terminals is large, the proposed MAC protocol provides a little worse performance than the rDCF scheme. That is because, when the number of terminals is large, the dominant factor affecting the system performance is channel contention procedure, which results in lots of collisions. However, if the queuing delays in the waiting buffers are included for calculating the average waiting delay, then the total system delay will be smaller than the rDCF scheme.


Supervisory Committee Dr. Benjamin L. Berger, Faculty of Law Supervisor Prof. James C. Hopkins, Faculty of Law and Faculty of Business Departmental Member In Canada, sentencing has been the target of reforming the criminal justice system with a view to alleviating the over-representation of indigenous people in the criminal justice system and the historic injustice perpetuated against indigenous communities through colonialism. My thesis explores how sentencing decisions from the Nunavut Court of Justice construct and shape Inuit identity in Nunavut. My research analyzes the sentencing decisions of the Nunavut Court of Justice since its creation in 1999. Using selected sentencing decisions as case studies, I interrogate how the Court uses notions of ―Inuit‖, ―Inuit culture‖, and ―Nunavut‖, both implicitly and explicitly. I show how rather than a tool for alleviating the historic injustice perpetuated against indigenous people through colonialism and systemic racism, the sentencing process perpetuates historic injustice through constructing binary, essentialized notions of Inuit identity. The consequences affect both the criminal justice system and the realization of indigenous self-determination. I conclude that as a result the Nunavut Court of Justice exemplifies an intractable dilemma facing the criminal justice system for indigenous people that sentencing reforms cannot solve. I suggest new ways of imagining criminal justice and indigenous self-determination that provide hope for a way out of the intractable dilemma.


This paper has two aims: (1) to summarize various geographic information science methods; and (2) to provide a review of studies that have employed such methods. Though not meant to be a comprehensive review, this paper explains when certain methods are useful in epidemiological studies and also serves as an overview of the growing field of spatial epidemiology.


This is the final report of a forty-eight month project which started in July 2004. The work was funded by Defra (LINK Project No: LK0963, £273,389) and a contract from HGCA (RD-2004-2992, £140,203). In-kind contributions from industry partners were Agrovista (£10,000), Banks Cargill (£9,000), UAP (£10,000), Unilever (£6,000), Velcourt (73,965), RAGT Seeds (£22,830), Advanta Seeds (£10,392 plus £4,184 in cash) and BASF Plc (£6,000) making a total of £425,760.


HDPE compositions comprising a bimodal polymer and a nucleating agent, for production of pipes having increased pressure resistance, and the use of such compositions in the production of pipes.


The invention discloses a wind energy pond aerator which is composed of a wind catching fan, a transmission shaft, a plurality of water stirring rotating wheels, a supporting column, a support and the like. Under the supporting of the supporting column, the wind catching fan catches air flow in upper air to rotate, the wind catching fan transmits kinetic energy downwards through the transmission shaft so as to drive the water stirring rotating wheels, the water stirring rotating wheels stir water in a rotating mode so as to increase the area and probability of contact between water and air, and the aim that dissolved oxygen in the water is increased is achieved. According to the wind energy pond aerator, fan blades of the upper air wind catching fan can elastically tend to be parallel to the wind power direction due to the increase of the wind power, damage by the strong wind is avoided, the fan blades can tend to be perpendicular to the wind power direction due to the decrease of the wind power, and the utilization efficiency of the wind energy is improved.


On the basis of adding normal equation method,the one day-long delayed global station's data and real time regional station's data have been synchronously dealed for navigation satellite orbit determination.Compared with the IGS precision orbit,the average of 3D RMS of the computed near real-time orbit is 14 cm,and the average of 3D RMS of the near real-time prediction orbit is better than 30 cm.


By having a better understanding of the criteria needed for Category I operations we not only aim for an improvement in safety in Category I operations but we can move off from a more rational basis into Category II. In any case the dividing line between Category I and Category II, that is 200-ft. decision height and 800 m. RVR is not very well chosen as far as the RVR quantity is concerned and in the U.K. we generally refer to Category II as meaning a lowering of the decision height as airlines have been using lower RVR minima than 800 m. for a number of years. With the final part of the approach still having to be made visually, the main instrument approach criteria with which we are concerned are the weather minima—the critical height or decision height and the RVR or Met. visibility.


Group profiling methods aim to construct a descriptive profile for communities in social networks. Before the application of a profiling algorithm, it is necessary to collect and preprocess the users' content information, i.e., to build a representation of each user in the network. Usually, existing group profiling strategies define the users' representation by uniformly processing the entire content information in the network, and then, apply traditional feature selection methods over the user features in a group. However, such strategy may ignore specific characteristics of each group. This fact can lead to a limited representation for some communities, disregarding attributes which are relevant to the network perspective and describing more clearly a particular community despite the others. In this context, we propose the community-based user's representation method (CUR). In this proposal, feature selection algorithms are applied over user features for each network community individually, aiming to assign relevant feature sets for each particular community. Such strategy will avoid the bias caused by larger communities on the overall user representation. Experiments were conducted in a co-authorship network to evaluate the CUR representation on different group profiling strategies and were assessed by hu- man evaluators. The results showed that profiles obtained after the application of the CUR module were better than the ones obtained by conventional users' representation on an average of 76.54% of the evaluations.


This thesis introduces the controversy between the promise of neuroimaging in the courtroom and the concern that the neuroscientific explanations undermine the traditional legal notion of responsibility. I contend that this conflict must be reconciled on the conceptual level. I introduce and critically evaluate two approaches offering ways to integrate neuroscience and law: "neuro-reductionists" and "distributed causalists." The research question which I seek to answer is: how can a conceptual analysis of the neuro-reductive and distributed causalist stances on the relationship between the mind, brain, body, and world offer a way to reconcile novel neuroimaging applications with the traditional legal notion of responsibility? I respond to this question by conducting an extensive literature review. First, I enumerate what arguments are articulated inside the courtroom, and how these conflicts are appropriated by the public. Second, I explore the philosophical concepts which co-constitute the legal notion of responsibility: causality, agency, mental states, and free will. Third, I compare this legal approach to neuro-reductionism, demonstrating how neuro-reductionism challenges various presupposition of legal responsibility. Fourth, I compare the legal approach to an alternative framework, distributed causalists. I argue that this conceptual approach allows stakeholders to take neuroimages into account without engendering major conceptual conflicts.


This paper presents a case study for the use of an IoT-driven digital twin for energy optimization in an automated Surface Mount Technology (SMT) PCB assembly line containing legacy machines. The line was instrumented with multiple sensors for measuring machine-wise activity and energy consumption. A software platform for data aggregation and a discrete-event digital twin of the line were built entirely using open-source tools. Based on the insights gained from data collected over several days, we propose a buffering-based solution for improving the energy efficiency of the line, and evaluate its impact using simulations of the digital twin. The results show that a 2.7x reduction in the energy consumption is possible via buffer insertion without significantly affecting line throughput.


In this contribution, various aspects of the expert/culprit-relationship and of the communication behavior styles between the included persons within the scope of forensic-psychological-psychiatric expertise, are discussed. A survey is given on results gained with a questionnaire study (n = 93 culprits; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Charité Berlin) of the most important expectations, of the social-relevant attitudes towards the assessment and physicians before the forensic investigation as well as of the experiences of own feelings, stress and of the culprit's reflections on the physician/proband relationship after the assessment. A good partnership relation between experts and culprits presupposes that the expert not only possesses a high profession but also the necessary interpersonal-social competence.


Harold Macmillan's diaries from 1959-1966 offer the most complete and entertaining account of any modern Premiership. Written up at the end of each day in a lively, witty style, they provide a fascinating, personal record of his experiences governing the nation, including several key events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, Britain's bid for entry into Europe, the build up to the Vietnam war, and the Profumo Affair, a scandal that went to the heart of his own government and came to typify the 'you've never had it so good' sixities. His was a premiership during a time of immense change in Britain and these journals are an essential insight into inner government at the time. Praise for Volume I: 'Macmillan's wry aphorisms sparkle' - Daily Telegraph 'an enthralling book' -- Sunday Telegraph 'some splendid gems that deserve immortality' -- New Statesman


A spoken dialogue system for a car-navigation system has a possibility that more natural and smoother communication cause some problems concerning safety. One of some problems is a distraction. In this problem, it is pointed out that the machine operation and the voice conversation influence the driving operation. Recently, it is also pointed out that even the use of a simple speech interface may affect the driving operation. So we consider that if a spoken dialogue system can understand the driver's situations and the dialogue rhythm of the system can be changed according to the driver's situation, a safe spoken dialogue system can be achieved for a car-navigation system. For that, the system needs to predict and recognize driver's actions from environmental information such as driving signals. In this paper, we report the result of an experiment of driver's action prediction. The driver's action prediction system uses HMM-based pattern recognition only on driving signals without position information. As a result, the best driving action prediction accuracy was 0.632.


Okaramines produced by Penicillium simplicissimum AK-40 activate l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) and thus paralyze insects. However, the okaramine binding site on insect GluCls is poorly understood. Sequence alignment shows that the equivalent of residue Leucine319 of the okaramine B sensitive Bombyx mori (B. mori) GluCl is a phenylalanine in the okaramine B insensitive B. mori γ-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel of the same species. This residue is located in the third transmembrane (TM3) region, a location which in a nematode GluCl is close to the ivermectin binding site. The B. mori GluCl containing the L319F mutation retained its sensitivity to l-glutamate, but responses to ivermectin were reduced and those to okaramine B were completely blocked. An L319F mutation in TM3 reduces okaramine B sensitivity more profoundly than ivermectin sensitivity of Bombyx mori l-glutamate-gated chloride channel. The Graphical image was illustrated using PyMOL software.


Epstein—Barr virus (EBV), a human gammaherpesvirus is intimately associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), with the incidence of the virus detected in malignant tissues being close to 100% in NPC endemic areas. The viral latent protein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), has all the typical characteristics of an oncogene and extensive studies have shown beyond doubt its abilities in cellular transformation giving rise to malignant phenotypes. NPC carcinogenesis, as typical as any other solid tumours, is a multi-step process. EBV infection that culminates in malignant undifferentiated NPC is known to occur early in pre-malignant or pre-invasive lesions, presumably preceded by aberrant genetic events such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) [1]. The expression of EBV latent genes in NPC is subjected to the consequences of host immune response in which cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) plays an important role [2]. It is thus postulated that there exist dynamic viral-specific immune-responses at different tumour stages and EBV adapts accordingly to the tumour microenvironment. One of the most important EBV latent genes expressed in NPC is the viral LMP1. Its expression is known to occur early in the pre-invasive stage. The expression of LMP1 in NPC has an interesting feature. It was shown by immunohistochemistry (IHC) that LMP1 was expressed in most cells during the pre-invasive stage but its expression was detected in only a fraction of cells in the malignant stage [3]. These observations invoke the question of whether the difference in the LMP1 expression pattern in the pre-invasive and malignant lesions is the result of genotypic selection imposed on LMP1 in the course of tumourigenesis. Under the influence of such host selective pressure, this present study hypothesizes that there exist a selection process in the progress from the pre-malignant to the malignant stages of NPC that culminates in the selection for the LMP1 genotype that is expressed in the malignant stage. In other words, we hypothesized that LMP1 genes derived from patients with different stages of NPC differ in their sequences and consequently, in their biological properties.


For heat production in the first 18 hours after birth lambs require about 200 ml of colostrum/kg body weight (Mellor and Murray 1986). It is normally assumed that ewes producing single lambs will have at least the production to meet this requirement, although ewes poorly fed in late pregnancy will have a delayed onset of normal lactation (McCance and Alexander 1959). An aim of the experiments reported here was to measure the variation in colostrum level in crossbred ewes with varying litter sizes.


Ventilation per minute (VE) and percent fractional expired oxygen [FEO2(%)] data were used to determine the work rate at which the ventilatory threshold occurred during an incremental kayak test. Although an exponential curve fitted the ventilation data significantly, a quartic curve was more useful for subjective determination of the ventilatory threshold. A cubic polynomial curve fitted the blood lactate, pH, carbon dioxide pressure, bicarbonate, and base‐excess data from an incremental test on a treadmill, indicating the more complex curvilinear nature of these parameters as exercise intensity increased. This creates difficulties for the objective determination of a training intensity, which is likely to induce optimal training adaptation. In addition, the prescription of training based on a set blood lactate concentration may result in different physiologic stress for different individuals. Heart rate was found to vary little within a range of work rates that induced maximum variation in lactate conce...


: Preparation of 6N grade polycrystalline silicon materials using raw materials of industrial silicon was explored by medium melting, directional solidification and electron beam melting. The contents of impurities B and P in the samples are both lower than 0.20 ppmw, while the total content of metal impurity (TM) is less than 0.23 ppmw. During the process of removing B by medium melting, a large proportion of Al and Ca is simultaneously removed through the redox reaction. During the process of electron beam melting, volatile impurities including P, Al and Ca are fur-ther effectively removed by using saturated vapor pressure. Meanwhile, other metal impurities are removed by decreasing beam power, which induces the occurrence of directional solidification. Coupling of metallurgical methods reduces the purification process of polycrystalline silicon, and provides the technical support for continuous and large-scale production.


Objective To examine the relationship between social functioning and psychiatric symptoms,and the mediation effect of self-esteem and emotion between social functioning and psychiatric symptoms among schizophrenia patients of the convalescent stage.Methods The Personal and Social Performance Scale,Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale,Self-Esteem Scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale were used to investigate patients with schizophrenia of the convalescent stage of Chifeng.Results Social functioning for patients with schizophrenia of the convalescent stage could predict psychiatric symptoms directly.Self-esteem and self-efficacy could make a negative prediction for psychiatric symptoms.Self-esteem and self-efficacy played a mediating role between social functioning and psychiatric symptoms.Conclusions Mental health workers should pay close attention to the mediating roles of self-esteem and self-efficacy,and give comprehensive assessment for the patients and provide continuous individualized psychosocial interventions,and thereby to alleviate psychiatric symptoms.

Key words:
Social functioning;  Self-esteem;  Self-efficacy;  Psychiatric symptoms


Global education has been defined as a process that provides students and individuals with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for them to meet their responsibilities as citizens of their community, state, and nation in an increasingly interdependent and complex global society (Florida Task Force, 1982). The development of agricultural industry in any country is inextricably linked to changes in global economy and educational advancement. The mission of agricultural education in the United States is to foster the development of knowledge and skills related to the industry of agriculture (National Task Force, 1987). To compete effectively in the ever changing, complex international labor force, agriculturally educated individuals must understand the global nature of agricultural industry and its effects on United States domestic food production, distribution, and consumption. In 1988, the National Research Council recommended that the dominance of local production agriculture in the curriculum must be broadened to include global concepts on utilization of agricultural commodities, distribution, and management. The implementation of this recommendation requires a major change in the agricultural curriculum. This curriculum change will require teachers who are committed to internationalizing their agricultural programs.