Cell locomotion can be directed by external gradients of diffusible substances leading to chemotaxis. Recently, the mechanisms of gradient sensing, the cell guidance system, came under scrutiny both in experimental analysis and computational modeling. Here, we review several recent computational models of gradient sensing in eukaryotic cells, demonstrating why some of them predict little sensitivity to changes in the gradient and response "locking," whereas others predict high gradient sensitivity at the expense of signal gain. We also propose a way to view chemotaxis regulation as a highly coupled combination of semi-independent control modules, leading to simplifying modeling of this complex cellular behavior. Chemotaxis, or directed cell motility, is a striking example of a complex and robust behavior exhibited with exquisite precision by single cells. Chemotaxis has long attracted the attention of mathematical and computational biologists. Recent advances in experimental techniques have led to an explosive growth in the accumulated data related to the biochemical nature of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic chemotaxis, which allowed investigators, for the first time, to glimpse the mechanism of the cell's guidance system. Several computational models of eukaryotic gradient sensing, a central part of chemotaxis, have appeared recently that suggest different underlying mechanisms. This review attempts to analyze the merits and deficiencies of each model in the context of the control of eukaryotic chemotactic behavior. The idea of modular organization of different control mechanisms underlying chemotaxis is also proposed.


Both EQ and IQ are important factors for success. When the IQ education is emphasized in the college physical education, the P.E. teachers should also make full use of the better practicality of the college physical education to build up the fine psychological quality, strong will, good communicational capability, the spirit of cooperation and so on to meet the needs of the society.


ABSTRACT This article discusses some methods of describing and referring to mathematical objects and of consistently and unambiguously signaling the logical structure of mathematical arguments.


A aim of this study is to supply a basic data of accounting
the number of classrooms by curriculum analysis. Usually a
 school building scale is decided by the number of classes.
 The data of classroom using rate known to us is based on the
data of japan. Of course, it makes no difference to adapt the
data of japan to korea, because korean education system is
similar to japan. but it is important to decide the number of
 classes according to the specific data of classroom using
 rate suitable to a situation of korean education system and
 to find its problem.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of choledochoscopy for the treatment of pancreatolithiasis.Methods From January 2004 to September 2009,choledochoscopy was used in 9 patients with pancreatolithiasis during a dissection of the pancreatic duct combined with pancreato-jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis(choledochoscopy group) in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.The data of choledochoscopy group were compared with the data of 12 patients with pancreatolithiasis treated by routine dissection of the pancreatic duct combined with pancreato-jejunum Roux-en-Y anastomosis from January 2003 to September 2009(Routine group).Results The intraoperative blood loss and the postoperative rate of residual stones in the choledo-choscopy group were significantly less than those in the routine group [(233.3±55.9)mL vs.(583.0±135.4)mL,(t = 5.448,P =0.031);and(0 vs.41.7%,P = 0.045)].The postoperative rate of pain relief in the choledochoscopy group was higher than that in the routine group(88.9% vs.50.0%).However the difference was not significant(P=0.159).Conclusion Choledochoscopy is effective for the treatment of pancreatolithiasis.The procedure can increase the rate of stone removal,decrease the intraoperative blood loss and elevate the postoperative rate of pain relief.


This paper presents a routing algorithm based on mobile agent to block the wormhole attacks in Ad Hoc network.Traversing over the whole network,a few mobile agents communicate with each node to collect the network connection information to build the global information matrix of nodes by which data packets are determined to be routed and transferred according to a breadth_first search algorithm.Experiment is done in simulated environment of NS-2 system.Having the global information matrix in its cache,every node is familiar with the geographical position of other nodes in the network to defend the wormhole attacks efficiently.This approach needs fewer moving agents to get more global information.Therefore it reduces the overhead by only maintaining the routing information on each node.It is very efficient and robust to transfer packets rapidly.


indicated in the afternoon the complexity was a bit higher in cardiovascular system of healthy control. The conclusion needs further study and statistic analysis to support.


Sustainable design is a design strategy that aims to improve environmental quality as well as the quality of a building's internal atmosphere by limiting negative consequences on the structure and the surrounding environment. Several new building envelope technologies and concepts have been presented as solutions for enhancing indoor comfort and lowering environmental impact during building life cycles. In Egypt, the high sensitivity to temperature fluctuations resulted in an increase in power usage to meet the necessary cooling loads. Energy simulations are a common way to improve a building's energy efficiency. Design Builder program with the Energy Plus simulation engine was used for energy analysis of the building. This was confirmed by comparing the energy efficiency performance of selected case studies of buildings with and without a sustainable development approach. In two parametric series, an existing prototype of a residential unit module will be utilized to evaluate energy performance, co2 emission and thermal comfort. It has been discovered that a building envelope with a variety of characteristics may provide the inhabitants with the highest level of residential comfort. In comparison to similar-sized structures, the building façade decreases energy usage by 80% related to CO2 emissions, according to this study.


Soil volumetric water content measurement always use Time Domain Reflectometry, which exploits the difference in dielectric constant values between the solid phase, air phase and liquid phase. We tried to use the empirical data and model to fit the Time Domain Reflectometry for different soils textures and used artificial neural network (ANN) to measure the parameters for ten different heavy texture soil types. The measures such as the Dielectric constant, bulk density, clay content, silt content, sand content and organic matter content were detected. A comparative study among ANN models and various existing empirical models was also carried out. In experiment, the ANN models gave better predictions than empirical models. The ANN model performed superior than both empirical and physical models.


Thirteen species of Limnodriloidinae (Tubificidae) are recorded from marine and brackish-water habitats of Hainan Island, southern China, including 11 species of Doliodrilus and two species belonging to Limnodriloides. Eight species are new to science: D. bisaccus sp. n. (types from Japan), D. longidentatus sp. n. (types from Hong Kong), D. ciliatus sp. n., D. adiacens sp. n., D. fibrisaccus sp. n. (also from Fiji), D. brachyductus sp. n., D. bidolium sp. n. and D. chinensis sp. n. In addition, material of D. puertoricensis Erséus and Milligan, 1988, from New Caledonia, is briefly described. This study shows that Doliodrilus is unexpectedly species-rich in Asian seas, in particular, around Hainan. Including an unnamed species from this island, the known members of this genus increase from three to 12.


Molybdenum oxides and sulfides were studied using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). The 2p3/23d Mo RIXS planes show a rich structure with considerably more spectral information than in conventional X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The spectra were simulated using FEFF9 giving generally good agreement and detailed electronic information can be derived. The reference materials serve as a starting point for detailed electronic and geometric investigations of a broad range of compounds. In particular, this can provide insights in the properties and performance of unknown and changing materials like those in catalysis.


WHEN Napoleon called the BritV v ish a nation of shopkeepers he was not in a position to understand the importance of commerce in the polity of the world. But it is clear now why England, of all nations, should have grown to be the most powerful commercial nation in the history of the world within a century after Napoleon. The object of this inquiry is to show how England was able to control international markets.


Multimode access point, a plurality of radio access technologies (e.g., Wi-Fi and cellular) support, allocate access to the wireless access technology to a variety of access terminals. To make improvements in service which the access terminal is a member of the group associated with the access point, the access point may provide priority access to the member access terminal as compared to non-members access terminal. For example, the access point, while providing exclusive access to one radio access technology to the member access terminal, another in the non-member access terminal (e.g., shared) may provide access to a wireless access technology. As another example, the access point is less by at least one type of while providing a high level of service by the member access terminal over a radio access technology, at least one type of radio access technology on a non-member access terminal level It can provide the service.


We establish algebraically and geometrically a duality between the IwahoriHecke algebra of type D and two new quantum algebras arising from the geometry of N -step isotropic flag varieties of type D. This duality is a type D counterpart of the Schur-Jimbo duality of type A and the Schur-like duality of type B/C discovered by Bao-Wang. The new algebras play a role in the type D duality similar to the modified quantum gl(N) in type A, and the modified coideal subalgebras of quantum gl(N) in type B/C. We construct canonical bases for these two algebras.


Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are serious neurodevelopmental disorders that present in the first years of life and are characterized by impaired social interaction, communication skills and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviour. Intellectual disability, medical conditions and mental health problems frequently co-occur, and while symptoms change over time, the majority of people with an ASD need individualised support throughout life. Parenting a child with an ASD contributes to a higher incidence of parental stress and mental health problems. As the aetiology of ASDs has not yet been determined in the majority of cases, there is no single or universally effective treatment for these complex conditions. Whilst a range interventions and treatment models have been developed, further systematic and controlled studies need to be conducted in order to evaluate immediate and long term outcomes. The Mansfield Autism Statewide Services (MASS) is a comprehensive programme for children and adults with an ASD and their families living in rural and remote regions of Victoria, Australia. MASS is an independent, not-for-profit organisation founded in 1968 by Dr. Joan Curtis. MASS currently offers a broad range of services for children and adults with an ASD and their families including two schools, respite and residential facilities, adult services and a travelling teacher service. MASS has similar elements to other comprehensive programmes including the provision of parent education, professional consultancy, continuity of care, transition support, and interventions that address communication, social skills and daily living skills (MASS, 2009). However, a key element that makes MASS different, and possibly unique, from other models is the Travelling Teacher Service (TTS). The TTS is staffed solely by specialist teachers who live in the family home for blocks of intervention. They provide child focussed intervention, parent education, information and support and professional consultation to the child's school teachers and other relevant professionals in the family's local rural community. This innovative service is based on a philosophical foundation of family centred practice (MASS, 2009). The TTS has not been described in enough detail to be replicated, nor has it been formally evaluated to date. Therefore the aim of this study was to use quantitative and qualitative research methodology to define the MASS TTS and investigate child and parent outcomes. The six objectives devised to achieve this aim were to using qualitative methodology, 1. systematically describe the MASS TTS model of intervention 2. investigate how the travelling teacher team, other service providers and parents who have been in receipt of the TTS for more than 2 years perceive the service and using quantitative methodology, were to: 3. investigate the perceptions of parents and TTs of the extent to which family-centred practices are being implemented 4. investigate whether the emotional and behavioural problems, autism symptoms and adaptive functioning of children with an ASD in receipt of MASS TTS improve compared with no TTS intervention at 6 months, and if any relative gains are sustained 12 months after programme commencement 5. investigate whether the mental health and perceived stress of the primary caregiver of a child with an ASD in receipt of MASS TTS improve compared with no TTS intervention at 6 months, and if any relative gains are sustained 12 months after programme commencement 6. investigate whether there are any longer term perceived benefits for parents who were in receipt of the TTS for more than two years, compared with no TTS intervention. Participants, diagnosed with an ASD, were identified from three MASS cohorts: a current TTS Treatment Group (n=30), a TTS Wait List Control Group (n=30), and a Long-term Group who had previously received the TTS (n=227). Data was also gathered from the founder of MASS, TTS staff (n=14), and service providers who have consulted with the MASS TTS (n=37). The study found that the TTS service delivery model could be described as an educational intervention aimed to promote the adjustment and wellbeing of children and young people (0-18 years) with an ASD and their family. The framework of the model comprises five contextual elements: ASDs specific, specialist teachers, home based, rural support, and individualised and flexible service delivery. These contextual elements are delivered within a service philosophy comprising three guiding principles: family centred practice, natural learning environments, and continuity of care. The intervention programme includes three core components: child focussed interventions, parent information, education and support, and professional consultation. The qualitative data showed that the experiences of parents who had accessed the TTS was mostly positive and was characterised by issues related to family centred practice, continuity of care, natural learning environments and the 'uniqueness' of the service. The TTS staff discussed their commitment and dedication and issues related to their work with children and families, consultancy to other services, their own professional support and development, and the policies and procedures of the organisation. Service providers who had involvement with the TTS primarily discussed their generally positive regard for the TTS, the consultation they received, their shared work with children with an ASD and their families, and the policies and procedures of the MASS TTS. Quantitative findings were that MASS TTS provides benefits for children with an ASD and their parents six months, and twelve months, after the initial TT visit, compared with a wait list control group. Significant improvements were found in child psychopathology and adaptive behaviour skills and a lessening of autism symptoms. Mothers had significantly improved mental health and decreased stress in response to the service, compared with a wait list control group. Findings also indicate that the MASS TTS intervention has positive effects on the overall daily rewards and worries of parents of young people with an ASD who were recipients of the service for more than two years. Parents of children currently in receipt of MASS TTS, and the TTs themselves, reported on their perceptions of the family centred practices provided by the TTs. Both groups agreed that the TTS generally provided respectful and supportive care, but were not as good at providing information. The TTS is an effective programme which builds collaborative partnerships between parents and professionals, assesses child and family needs and provides individualised interventions. It supports and empowers family members by offering ASDs specific information and education, with a focus on family centred practice, teaching in natural learning environments and providing positive, continuous support.


T H I S article is part o f a study o f the factors rendering people vulnerable to unemployment. Whi l e initially there was no intention o f including violence wi th in the scope o f the survey, its prevalence necessitated that some account be taken o f i t , since i t seemed to be quite an important aspect o f social life in the area studied. Literature on violence covers a very broad spectrum, ranging f rom the large scale violence o f wars to small scale interpersonal violence. In some works violence is considered as i t occurs naturally, while others study patterns o f violence con trived artificially w i th in controlled laboratory situations. Aspects • o f violence treated in this article are those o f physical violence occurring at an interpersonal and primary group area in an urban area. Therefore the discussion o f literature on the topic w i l l be l imited mostly to these sectors. Violence can be a realistic mode o f adaptation to certain situations. " I n a slum violence can be a necessity for dealing w i t h a hostile w o r l d " . 1 W i t h i n a social situation o f this type violence is, often as not, learned response: " . . . the habitually hostile person is someone who has developed a particular attitude towards large sectors o f the wor ld about h im . He has learned to interpret or categorize a wide variety o f situations and/or people as threatening and frustrating to h i m . " 2 This seems particularly likely to be the case among persons w i t h l o w articulation: "Probably a majority o f violence prone persons may be classed as deficient in verbal and other social skills". 3 Violence can also be a mode o f gaining acceptance and status wi th in certain groupings. " A child growing up in a slum may have learned that he has to attack his group's enemies i f he is to gain full approval f rom others w i t h i n his group. Aggression may not be stimulated by anger but rather by the desire for group recognition or self approval." 4 Many works mention the attention-seeking aspect o f violence: " A n individual contacted in public may use the occasion to give a


Effects of reinstatement were examined in 2 1/2-year-olds' (Experiment 1) and 3 1/2-year-olds' (Experiments 2 and 3) long-term retention. Children learned object-location pairings and, 3 weeks later, were provided with postevent information consistent with the originally acquired pairings. One week later (4 weeks since acquisition), children were given 4 test trials. Analyses based on the trace-integrity framework indicated that, regardless of age, reinstatement (a) improved children's long-term retention, (b) affected both forgetting and reminiscence, and (c) affected both storage and retrieval processes, in particular, inoculating memories against storage-related forgetting processes


Objective
To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) by oral mucosa spray versus nasal drip in preoperative sedation in children.

Methods
Sixty children underwent minor elective surgery in the inguinal region, aged 1 to 5 y, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade Ⅰ. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table method: the nasal drip group (group N) and the oral mucosa spray group (group B), 30 cases in each group. The children were given Dex 1.5 μg/kg by nasal drip or oral mucosa 40 min before surgery. Heart rate, pluse oxygen saturation(SpO2) and observer assessment of alertness and anxiety scale (OAA/S) were measured before and 10, 20, 30, 40 min after administration. The drug acceptance, parental separation anxiety scale and mask acceptance scale of the two groups were observed, and the occurrence of adverse events during the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU) was recorded.

Results
Drug acceptance satisfaction in group B was higher than in group N (P 0.05). Heart rate of group N and group B decreased significantly at 20, 30 min after medication respectively (P 0.05). No postoperative adverse reactions occurs in children during in the PACU.

Conclusions
A good sedative effect can be obtained by administration of Dex via oral mucosa spray or nasal drip route. The nasal drip mode works quickly, but it is more easily accepted by children during oral mucosa administration.

Key words:
Dexmedetomidine; Child; Oral mucosa spray; Nasal drip; Sedation


An analytic averaging method of moduli of composites is built into a standard constant-straintriangular element in plane strain. Such an analytic method is useful from a designing point of view. Furthermore it may have an advantage in suggesting some bounds of behaviors of composites. The element is used to show a relation between moduli and randomness of distribution of inclusions. And two boundary value problems are examined to demonstrate feasibility of the elements, and the results are compared with those by the standard homogenization method.


An expression has been obtained for the evaluation of the accumulated charges concentration near to the oxide-semiconductor interface of MOS structures by analysis of C–V characteristics of MOS structures measured in the accumulation regime. Using this expression, the spatial profile of acceptor-like deep levels in the Si substrate of 60 nm SiO2/n-Si structures subjected to hydrogen implantation by 1.6 keV ions has been revealed. The spatial profile of implanted hydrogen in SiO2/n-Si structures of these SiO2/n-Si structures has been established by the method of nuclear reaction analysis. A comparison of both spatial profiles shows that the hydrogen concentration is higher than the concentration of the acceptor-like deep levels in the Si substrate of these SiO2/n-Si structures. Toward the SiO2/Si interface the increase of deep level concentration closely match the increase of hydrogen concentration toward the same interface.


Objective: To understand software tasks aimed at improving cognitive abilities in school-aged children born pre-term to determine if paediatric clinic advice on manual exercises can be given if the software is inaccessible. Method: Exploration of software tasks and linking these to results of seminal experiments on cognitive ability. Outcome: It may be possible to performing some of these software tasks manually to improve working memory, however some further research on the efficacy of these techniques with school-aged children born pre-term are required.


The interaction of Pt(IV) ions with the new derivatives of azolidones by spectrophotometric method was investigated. The spectrophotometric method for the determination of Pt(IV) using 5-hydroxyimino-4-imino-1,3thiazolidine-2-one at pH 5.0 in acetate buffer medium was elaborated. The proposed method was tested by determination of Pt(IV) in model solutions and metallic alloy.


SLAB-GEOMETRY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION TO CALCULATION OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS, INTERFACIAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY, AND ION CHANNEL TRANSPORT Paul S. Crozier Department of Chemical Engineering Doctor of Philosophy Methods of slab-geometry molecular dynamics computer simulation were tested, compared, and applied to the prediction of activity coefficients, interfacial electrochemistry characterization, and ion transport through a model biological channelmembrane structure. The charged-sheets, 2-D Ewald, corrected 3-D Ewald, and corrected particle-particle-particle-mesh (PM) methods were compared for efficiency and applicability to slab-geometry electrolyte systems with discrete water molecules. The PM method was preferred for long-range force calculation in the problems of interest and was used throughout. The osmotic molecular dynamics method (OMD) was applied to the prediction of liquid mixture activity coefficients for six binary systems: methanol/n-hexane, nhexane/n-pentane, methanol/water, chloroform/acetone, n-hexane/chloroform, methanol/ chloroform. OMD requires the establishment of chemical potential equilibrium across a semi-permeable membrane that divides the simulation cell between a pure solvent chamber and a chamber containing a mixture of solvent and solute molecules in order to predict the permeable component activity coefficient at the mixture side composition according to a thermodynamic identity. Chemical potential equilibrium is expedited by periodic adjustment of the mixture side chamber volume in response to the observed solvent flux. The method was validated and shown to be able to predict activity coefficients within the limitations of the simple models used. The electrochemical double layer characteristics for a simple electrolyte with discrete water molecules near a charged electrode were examined as a function of ion concentration, electrode charge, and ion size. The fluid structure and charge buildup near the electrode, the voltage drop across the double layer, and the double layer capacitance were studied and were found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental findings. Applied voltage non-equilibrium molecular dynamics was used to calculate the current-voltage relationship for a model biological pore. Ten 10-nanosecond trajectories were computed in each of 10 different conditions of concentration and applied voltage. The channel-membrane structure was bathed in electrolyte including discrete water molecules so that solvation, entry, and exit effects could be studied. Fluid structure, ion dynamics, channel selectivity, and potential gradients were examined. This work represents the first such channel study that does not neglect the vital contributions of discrete water molecules.


A simple method for the measurement of deflection distortions in a scanning electron‐beam system using a ''Stripe Scan'' technique is described. This technique allows real‐time measurements to be performed at high accuracy. Results obtained by this technique have been compared to those obtained by a laser interferometer measuring system and good agreements have been achieved. The effects on distortion of various factors in VSI, a vector scan electron‐beam lithographic system, have been evaluated and the results will be described.


An automatic method for land cover mapping and for detecting forest change has been designed for high resolution couples of image. The work is done on 20x20 km samples of 30 m resolution Landsat imagery. The methodology has been developed for two dates extracts but several couple of images can be compared. An automatic multi-date segmentation is applied on extracts pairs. Segmentation parameters are tuned, thanks to an iterative procedure, in order to provide image-objects of 1 hectare. In dense moist forest areas, 1 hectare guarantees a pure land cover for each object-segment. These image-objects will be the units of the classification and change detection work. An unsupervised classification is performed for each image, grouping image-objects into clusters. For each image, a tree cover mask is made based on a land cover map of reference with a coarser scale. Each cluster is then automatically labelled with this tree cover mask. Small image-objects are aggregated into image-objects with a minimum mapping unit of 5 hectares thanks to a second segmentation level. Two independent things are then produced, a land cover map for each date of interest and a set of objects flagged as changed between the two dates. The forest change detection is obtained by running a statistical outlier detection method on the difference of both images. The detection is done under the union of the tree cover mask of both dates in order to work with an homogeneous set of objects. The accuracy of this methodology is assessed for ten pairs of images, visually validated by experts.


Congress passed the Real ID Act (''the Act'') in 2005 and will require all states to implement much more stringent controls on the issuance of driver's licenses and identification. The states face a number of obstacles in implementing the requirements including a lack of funding, lack of federal support and training, and a rapidly approaching implementation deadline. Under the Real ID Act, the Department of Homeland Security (''DHS'') could require that each state-issued driver's license contain biometric technology, but it has not yet announced the exact requirements that must be included for all new driver's licenses. On March 1, 2007, the DHS issued its Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (''NPRM'') for the Real ID Act. The NPRM is not a final rule but a proposal that was submitted for public comment. Opponents of the Real ID Act had predicted that the DHS may have chosen to require biometric technology to be included in all new driver's licenses to make it more difficult for terrorists or criminals to obtain identification cards. However, in the DHS NPRM, a state does not have to include biometric technology in its driver's licenses to comply with the Act, although they are free to do so. If the DHS amends the NPRM to require biometric technology in all new state-issued driver's licenses and identification cards, the technology is likely to experience rapid growth. As a result, biometric technology might become more reliable as its producers address the challenges encountered in incorporating the technology into new identification cards for millions of Americans.


Native starches are modi�ed to enhance their characteristics in terms of thermal stability, cold water solubility, and bacterial susceptibility, which limit their industrial applications. In this work, dual modi�cation of tapioca starch by gamma irradiation followed by carboxymethylation was carried out, and the modi�ed starch characteristics were examined. Four dosages of gamma irradiation (25, 35, 45, and 60 kGy) were used for the �rst modi�cation stage, followed by carboxymethylation using different parameters. The required modi�cation of starch was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD. Experimental �ndings showed that the dual modi�cation enhanced the thermal stability of the starch. In addition, carboxymethylation impacted starch's morphology and reduced its crystallinity. Furthermore, the dual-modied starches exhibited excellent characteristics and could be used in speci�c applications, including oil and gas, textile, paper, packaging, 3D printing, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.


In fast varying transients, integral magnitudes must be defined to characterise the local insulation stresses. An anisotropic field model for the transformer windings is presented, which allows to determine the parameters for the partial differential equations satisfied by the integral magnitudes. The anisotropic model leads to stationary, two dimensional field problems in the axial symmetric domain.


EU interests and Mediterranean security The Euro-Mediterranean partnership EU policy and conflict in the Mediterranean Building a Euro-Mediterranean security partnership From common interests to joint actions.


The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of storage time and temperature of sheep ovaries on nuclear maturation of oocyte and in vitro fertilization rate of oocytes. The ovaries were stored in physiological saline for 2-4 h, 5-7 h, and 8-10 h at 27-28° C, 36-37 C and 4 C respectively. The oocytes were collected and matured in vitro for 28 h. Matured oocytes were then fertilized. There was no difference between the proportions of fertilization when collected from ovaries stored at 27-28° C, 36-37° C and 4° C for 2-4 h after slaughter (53, 66.66, and 63%, respectively) (P>0.05). The same phenomena were shown for fertilization rate of oocyte from the ovaries stored for 5-7 h. However, fertilization rate decrease when stored for 8-10 h. The percentage of fertilization rate were 9.8, 22.22, 12.24% respectively for 27-28° C, 36-37° C, dan 4° C. Our finding indicates that the storage of ovaries at 27°C-28°C, 36-37°C for 5-7 h is effective in maintaining the developmental competence of sheep oocytes compares with 4° C. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


We propose the first privacy preserving search technique for stego health data in untrusted cloud in this paper. The Cloud computing is a popular technology to the healthcare providers for outsourcing health data due to flexibility and cost effectiveness. However, outsourcing health data to the cloud introduces serious privacy issues to the patient. For example, dishonest personnel of the cloud provider may disclose patient sensitive information to business organizations for some financial benefits. Using steganography, patient sensitive information is hidden within health data for privacy preservation. As a result, stego health data is generated. To the best of our knowledge, no method exists for searching a particular stego data without disclosing any information to the cloud. We propose a framework for privacy preserving search over stego health data. We systematically describe each component of the proposed framework. We conduct several experiments to evaluate the performance of the framework.


The ship-borne gravity data is essential to construct geoid in Korea surrounding ocean area. The altimeter data was used in previous study, however, the ship-borne gravity data could be used due to more ship-borne data was collected by improvement of instrument, positioning system. Therefore, the study on verification of precision of ship-borne gravity data and practical usage analysis is needed. In this study, free-air anomaly having 16.47mGal and 18.86mGal as mean and standard deviation was obtained after consistent processing such as Eotvos correction, Kalman Filter, Cross-over adjustment etc. The calculated free-air anomaly was compared to DNSC08 altimeter data and the difference was computed having -0.88mGal and 9.46mGal of mean and standard deviation. The reason causing those differences are owing to spatial limits of data acquisition and effects of ocean topography. To use ship-borne gravity data for precision geoid development, the efforts to overcome the limits of data collection and study for data combination should be proceeded.


Please cite as: Lai, Y.-L. & McDowall, A. (2014). A Systematic Review of coaching psychology: Focusing on the attributes of effective coaching psychologists. International Coaching Psychology Review, 9(2), 118-134 Note – this is the author's pre-publication version, it may contain errors or omissions. Abstract Objective: Whilst a number of narrative reviews on coaching exist, there is no Systematic Review (SR) yet summarising the evidence base in a transparent way. To this extent, we undertook a SR of Coaching Psychology evidence. Following the initial scoping and consultation phase, this focused on Coaching Psychologists' attributes, such as the required knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, associated with a conducive coaching relationship and subsequent coaching results.


Trends in the thermal tropopause height observed using radiosondes near landing typhoon tracks in China from 1951 to 2008 were analyzed. The main findings were that the majority of tropopause rises induced by typhoons are in the range of 200–500 m, and the maximum tropopause height is observed between 12 and 24 h after the typhoon had passed at each station. Tropopause height increase induced by a super typhoon is more rapid and prominent than that of a typhoon, although the absolute increases are similar. The magnitude of the increase in the tropopause height induced by typhoons has increased over the last 40 years.


Prognostic enrichment strategies can make trials more efficient, although potentially at the cost of diminishing external validity. Whether using a risk score to identify a population at increased mortality risk could improve trial efficiency is uncertain. We aimed to assess whether Machine learning Assessment of RisK and EaRly mortality in Heart Failure (MARKER‐HF), a previously validated risk score, could improve clinical trial efficiency.


In this paper, we give Fourier transformation of C-algebras, then we generalized the Fourier transformation in classical number theory and that of the finite abelean groups. As an applying, we give Vinogradov inequality over C-algebras.


This paper examines the economic and social impact of the fur trade on Indian cultures, in an effort to illuminate further the nature of Indian-white relations from the sixteenth through the early nineteenth centuries. As such, the paper, which may be of interest to anthropologists, historians, and archeologists, contributes to the literature on culture contact. The Indian role in the fur trade can be described as a craft specialization. Craft specialization is often treated as an indicator of cultural complexity that develops as a response to a variety of influences. In this case, I posit the development of the activities associated with the fur trade into a specialization, resulting from Indian intensification of existing practices but stimulated by economic emoluments offered by the European market. The model for discussing this economic network draws on the work of several scholars. The fur trade can perhaps be best understood as one segment of a world-system. Wallerstein points out that even small-scale economies in remote parts of the world are often tied into international exchange networks; fluctuations in prices, supplies, and demand at the more developed end of the system (i.e., European market economies) will reverberate throughout the system. I


The objective of training applied talents is expounded and it is pointed out that the university library should play its advantages in personnel training by accurately positioning its service functions,updating service con-cept,enriching the structures of the collections,strengthening the special service,perfecting service facilities and the environment and providing practical platform.


This paper deals with the designing an interface between AXI Protocol based system and DDR3 Memory. It enables an AXI host to read and write data in a DDR3 Memory. It has been designed to utilize the DDR3 interface for maximum throughput. It implements FIFO where it stores the write command and writes data and passes it to DDR3 Memory. Similarly, it collects data from DDR3 Memory and stores in a FIFO which it sends to host whenever it is ready to accept data. The design throughput has been increased.


An essential step for discovering a common structure in brain activation regions from multi-subject fMRI data is the ability to find spatial correspondences across subjects. This has proven to be a challenging problem due to the lack of a ground truth and variability in anatomical brain structure, functional activation, and spatial locations of functional regions. Standard methods rely on the correspondences given by anatomical registration to a common space, but fail to account for spatial variability of the functional regions relative to anatomy. We develop a clustering method that relies on the alignment of both the anatomical structure and the functional landmarks. The method is shown to improve over standard group analysis techniques that rely on anatomical alignment only. The validation of our method confirms that peaks of activation exhibit consistent spatial structure. Furthermore, our work creates a framework for future testing of different metrics for similarity of brain activation regions across subjects. Thesis Supervisor: Polina Golland Title: Associate Professor


Information technology has become the inevitable means in sporting events broadcast because of its real-time feature.Sports scores results information system is an important part in sports information.In this paper,sports scores results information system architecture has been researched.After research the key technical solutions have been put forward.Combined with the Seventeenth session of the Provincial Games,the research orientation and application prospect have been proposed.


The purpose of this research is to study the cognitive preference of the old people in the color matching of assistive products. First of all, the elderly assistive products color matching was analyzed. Based on this point, the double color samples color matching software was designed, and there are 858 valid two Color harmony pictures were obtained. Secondly, there were 50 pairs of Kansei words were obtained through investigation and research. Using Multidimensional scaling method and Clustering analysis method, there were 5 pairs of representative Kansei words were extracted: "Emotional-rational", "Traditional-modern", "Natural-technological", "Massive-leggiere", "Rigid-soft". According to above, were aimed to give score to 20 subjects(Contains the elderly group and young group)through the E-prime software, using the Likert scale to grade 858 valid two Color harmony pictures. The perceptual evaluation value of 5 pairs of representative Kansei words with 858 valid two Color harmony pictures were obtained. Finally, the different cognitive preference of double color matching for assistive products of the old people was obtained through the statistical analysis. The results can not only provide reasonable color recommendations, but also shorten the production cycle.


The paper provides the results of research on the influence of a gender and previous social environment (city/village) on student's views about the purposes of life. The analysis of results of research has shown that at the initial training stage in college the factor of the previous social environment proved to be defining. Rural and city youth have more similarities in the purposes of life within their groups rather than in gender. The analysis of features and dynamics of youths views about the purposes of life in the course of training in college demonstrates alignment of force of influence for factors of gender and previous social environment.


A method for separation of glucose oxidase(GOD) has been developed. A chroma tographic column is filled with an anion exchanger of styrene divinyl benzene matrix conta ining quaternary ammonium salt. The buffered phosphate and acetate solutions were used as eluents. Two GOD components(GOD A and GOD B) were separated by this method. Their enzyme activity and ζ potential values were 86 9, 27 3, and -4 3 mV, -6 4 mV, respecti vely . The simplicity and low cost of the method make it valuable for practical applications.


The aim of this study is to find out the kind of hydromacrophyte composition having the highest capability to reduce nitrate-phosphate pollutant and Microcystis growth in phytoremediation media using Equisetum ramosissium , Typha angustifolia and the combination of both. Microcystis were obtained from Sutami reservoir, then being inoculated in a media grown by hydromacrophytes ( E. ramosissium , T. angustifolia and both of the hydromacrophytes) in the batch culture system. The number of Microcystis was counted every day within fifteen days. Abiotic factors were observe, including the concentration of nitrate using brucine-colorimetry method and orthophosphate (dissolved phosphate) using stannous chloride-colorimetry method on day 0, 6th, 12th and 15th. The growth rate of Microcystis carrying capacity and orthophosphate-nitrate levels among treatments were analysed by ANOVA test. The results showed that E. ramosissium and T. angustifolia in mono and polyculture techniques had similar potentiality to reduce the nitrate and ortophosphate. The concentrations of nitrate and orthophosphate decreased over 70 % in the 6th day after incubation. All of the treatments were able to reduce the carrying capacity of Microcystis up to 46 % , but the growth rates were similar in all media, that is, around 97-170 cells/L/day. Keywords: Equisetum ramosissium, Microcystis, nitrate, phosphate, Typha angustifolia


We present a scheme for combining fuzzy c-means clustering with generalized regression neural network for improving its pattern classification efficiency. The membership grades of data points produced by fuzzy c-means clustering have been used to define weights for data points in the feature space according a logarithmic measure of uncertainty similar to the Shannon's entropy. The method improves classification results from 1% to 17% for 9 data sets analyzed here.


This paper presents a method to design decentralized controllers for nonlinear electric power systems. The nonlinearities are handled through a feedback linearization approach, which is applied to each generating unit in the system. Decentralization is achieved by using disturbance accommodation control techniques, where models for the nonlinear interconnections between generators are developed. A three-machine nine-bus power system is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. Nonlinear simulation of the controlled system demonstrates the effectiveness of the control design.


Objective To compare effect of intravenous injection of Dexmedetomidine and Pethidine in treatment of shivering reaction induced by epidural anesthesia.Methods A total of 60 patients with 3~4 level of shivering reaction induced by epidural anesthesia for lower limbs operation were randomly divided to group D(n=30) and group P(n=30).When shivering reaction appeared,patients in group D were intravenously injected with Dexmedetomidine(0.4 μg/kg) slowly,while patients in group P were injected with Pethidine(0.5 mg/kg),and the two groups were injected for 5 min.Changes of mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR) and pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2) of the two groups were observed before medication and 1st,3rd,5th and 10th min after medication,and turnover of shivering reaction and incidence rate of adverse reaction of the two groups 10 min after medication were also observed.Results There was no statistical difference in effective rate of two groups(P0.05),and recurrence rate of group P was significantly higher than that of group D(P0.05);HR in group P 1st,3rd and 5th min after medication were enhanced than those before medication and in group D,while SpO2 reduced 5th and 10th min after medication,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05);incidence rates of dizziness,somnolence,nausea and vomiting,and itch of skin in group P were significantly higher than those in group D(P0.05).Conclusion Both Dexmedetomidine and Pethidine may effectively cure shivering reaction induced by epidural anesthesia,but incidence rate of adverse reaction and recurrence rate of Dexmedetomidine may be more lower.


T use of antipsychotics during pregnancy has doubled in the past decade owing to factors including more off-label use of these drugs, as well as the fact that the newer atypical antipsychotics are less likely to affect fertility. Little is known, however, about the safety of these drugs for the developing fetus. To gather more information about the use of antipsychotics during pregnancy, researchers investigated the risk of congenital malformations overall and cardiac malformations in particular associated with the use of different antipsychotics during the first trimester. The authors analyzed data from a nationwide Medicaid database of all pregnancies that resulted in a live-born infant between 2000 and 2010. Of the study cohort of more than 1.3 million pregnant women, 9,258 filled a prescription during the first trimester for an atypical antipsychotic (a second-generation antipsychotic such as quetiapine or risperidone), and 733 filled a prescription for a typical antipsychotic (a first-generation antipsychotic such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol). The absolute risk of congenital malformations per 1,000 liveborn infants was higher for women who used antipsychotics—44.5 for women treated with atypical antipsychotics and 38.2 for women treated with typical antipsychotics, compared with 32.7 for untreated women. The risk of cardiac malformations was also increased in users of antipsychotics. Unadjusted analyses suggested a significantly increased risk of congenital malformations with the newer antipsychotics but not with first-generation antipsychotics. After adjustment for mental and physical comorbidities, however, no significant increase was found in either congenital malformations overall or cardiac malformations specifically with either type of antipsychotic. When individual agents were examined, only risperidone was associated with an increased risk, although small, of overall or cardiac malformations, a finding that warrants additional study, according to the authors.


Typhoid is still a disease that is often suffered by people in Indonesia, especially children. But on the other hand the lack of attention from the public to this typhus disease and the lack of knowledge about the early symptoms of typhus causes the general public to be susceptible to the disease. Lack of experts to handle typhus in health centers, especially health centers located far from the city. This of course has an impact on delays in handling patients with typhoid. To overcome this problem, appropriate action is needed to diagnose typhus in these children. An expert system using the Forward Chaining method for diagnosing typhoid in children is the best solution for recognizing the symptoms of typhoid in children as early as possible, knowing the causes of the disease and how to control it. In making this system, it takes experts who are experts in the field of typhus and children to get accurate data regarding information on typhoid in children. This typhoid diagnosis expert system is designed using the web-based PHP programming language. The design of the knowledge base in this system is made dynamically to make it easier to manage data such as adding, changing and deleting data.


Angiopteris caudatiformis genetic variations of 97 individuals of six populations from Yunnan province were assessed by ISSR fingerprinting.Eleven primers were screened from 38 arbitrary primers.Among 81 DNA fragments amplified 79 were polymorphic bands were scored,the percentage of polymorphic bands(PPB) in the six populations of Angiopteris caudatiformis was 97.5%,which indicated that high level of genetic variation existed in the natural pop μLation.Compared to other ferns,genetic diversity of Angiopteris caudatiformis is higher,and it's genetic diversity mainly existed in different individuals of same populations.UPGMA of six populations correspond with their geographic distribution character,the populations which distribute closely form one clad firstly on UPGMA map.


Wheat "Zhengmai 9023" was used to study the controlling effect of wheat head blight with applying five different fungicides including 25% JS399-19 SC, 70% Thiophanate-methyl WP, 50% Carbendazim WP, 250 g/L Tebuconazole EW and 250 g/L Azoxystrobin SC in the field. The results showed that during wheat earing and flowering, the control effect of applying 25% JS399-19 SC 562.5 g a.i./hm2 and 250 g/L Azoxystrobin SC 250 g a.i./hm2, was the best(over 86%) with no significant difference. Application of 250 g/L Tebuconazole EW 120 g a.i./hm2 had a good controlling effect on the disease with 82.26%. Increase of yield rate with 25% JS399-19 SC 562.5 g a.i./hm2 was the highest with theoretical value of 11.30%and 13.57%, followed by 250 g/L Tebuconazole EW 120 g a.i./hm2 and 250 g/L Azoxystrobin 250 g a.i./hm2, 9.69% and9.00%. The controlling effect and theoretical increase of yield rate of three fungicides were better than that of 70% Thiophanate-methyl WP 1 050 g a.i./hm2 and 50% carbendazim WP 750 g a.i./hm2.


The utility model discloses a panel turnover machine, comprising: a material feeding plate, the internal end of which is provided with a material feeding plate rotating shaft; a material receiving plate, the internal end of which is provided with a material receiving plate rotating shaft; the material receiving plate is correspondingly disposed at one side of the material feeding plate, a gap is provided between the material receiving plate and the material feeding plate; a material feeding plate driver, one end of which is directly connected to the material feeding plate, the connecting position of the material feeding plate driver and the material feeding plate is located at the outside of the material feeding plate rotating shaft, the material feeding plate driver can drive the material feeding plate to rotate around the rotating shaft of the material feeding plate; a material receiving plate driver, one end of which is directly connected to the material receiving plate, the connecting position of the material receiving plate driver and the material receiving plate is located at the outside of the material receiving plate rotating shaft, the material receiving plate driver can drive the material receiving plate to rotate around the rotating shaft of the material receiving plate. The panel turnover machine enables the material feeding plate driver to directly effect upon the material feeding plate, and the material receiving plate drive to directly effect upon the material receiving plate, cancel middle links such as crank and driving shaft, and make structure of panel turnover machine simpler and bearing more reasonable.


The crosslinked structure of Matrimid-5292 was built for Molecular Dynamics simulation using a novel, adaptable crosslinking framework to execute a total of 5 distinct cure reactions. The influence of cure reactions modeled and extent of curing were analyzed on the density, glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic moduli, and thermal conductivity. The developed models correctly predict experimentally observed trends for various properties.


Due to the shortage of polylactic acid(PLA) as a biomedical material,the preparation of bioactive PLA becomes an effective method to compensate.At present,the methods of PLA modification to prepared bioactive PLA include physical and chemical ways.The physical ways are blending,surface adsorping or coating.The chemical ways are copolymerizing,crosslinking and surface modifying,all of which endow bioactivity on PLA by changing the polymeric macromolecule structure or surface structure.Here reviewed these methods and proposed to prepare and fabricate bioactive PLA by bionic design principle.


The article considers some psychological, pedagogical and technical aspects of the introduction of distance learning.
It is emphasized that the main purpose of creating a system of distance education is to ensure free access to educational resources through the use of modern information technologies and social networks and to create conditions for citizens to exercise their rights to education.
The main disadvantages of distance education are depersonalization, lack of proper motivation of participants in the educational process, loss of educational and socialization functions of education, hyperbolization of independent work, low level of control over the educational process.


Friction stir processing (FSP) is a novel processing technique that is gaining wide recognition for manufacturing nano-dispersed surfaces, which are of high specific strength, hardness, and resistance to wear and corrosion. Herein, four-passes FSP were applied on aluminum alloy 7075 (AA7075) O with and without the addition of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3) of average size ~40nm. All FSP parameters were constant at 40mm/min transverse speed, 500rpm and tilt angle of 3 . FSP rotation direction was reversed every two passes. The friction stir processed materials were sectioned and solution treated at 515C for 1.5hrs, followed by age hardening at 120 C for 12,24,46,48 and 60hrs. The effect of heat treatment regimes on microstructure, hardness and toughness was examined, as well as the fracture mode. The new friction-stir processed surfaces without and with nanodispersion showed enhancement in the hardness of the surface of the AA7075-O material (65 HV) to almost a double (100 and 140 HV) after 4 passes FSP without and with incorporating nano-alumina particles, respectively. After 48hrs aging at 120C a significant enhancement in impact toughness was achieved for both the friction stir processed without and with nanodispersion (181 and 134J, respectively), compared to the reference material AA7075 in T6 condition (104J).


Kindergarten children are creative, resourceful, and imaginative. During the kindergarten years, the children's perceptual skills can be sharpened by encouraging them to observe specific aspects of their environment. In line with the need of English as the international and the most spoken language, English subject is being taught to students from elementary to university level, or even to kindergarten. The consideration is that English should be taught very early as the students will easily absorb the English materials later on. However, kindergarten teachers in Indonesia are actually not the experts of the field. There are still limited graduated teachers majoring in kindergarten or early childhood education department. Promoting an effective learning can only be well done by teachers who are qualified enough. In addition, there is no best method in teaching such a foreign language to these young students. To sum up, teaching a foreign language to very young students who are living in and accustomed to the first language is a challenging task for the kindergarten teachers.


To enable researchers on PIN(protein-protein interactions network) to share large amounts of biological data efficiently and use kinds of tools and methods conveniently,the protein-protein interactions network PSE based on web service is mentioned.First,after analyzing the characteristics of protein-protein interactions network research,the protein-protein interactions network PSE must use the web service technology.Then,the system structure of the PSE is given,which is based on SOA(service-oriented architecture) that enables the PSE to be expanded easily.Finally,validity of the protein-protein interactions network PSE is verified by experiment.


: This study was conducted to examine the impact of electricity consumption on manufacturing sector growth in Nigeria covering the period of 1986 to 2020. The data for the study were sourced from World Bank's Development Indicator and International Energy Agency (IEA). The study employed Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Johansen Co integration and Pairwise Granger Causality test. For the objectives, the outcome revealed that electricity consumption had a significant positive effect on contribution of manufacturing sector to Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. Therefore, increase in electricity consumption led to increase in manufacturing sector growth in Nigeria within the study period. Also, electricity generation had a significant negative effect on contribution of manufacturing sector to Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. Therefore, increase in electricity generation led to increase in manufacturing sector growth in Nigeria within the study period. Government should ensure that there is increase in electricity generation to boost electricity consumption towards enhancing the contribution of manufacturing sector to Gross Domestic Product so as to improve manufacturing sector growth in the Nigerian economy.


ABSTRACT There is substantial evidence of a link between work productivity and self actualization in woman career related outcomes such as employee attitudes and behavior with the rapid changes occurring in the role of work in women"s lives, this research project was designed to examine the productivity include career decision of female-dominated in gender neutral careers. The women who combined work responsibilities with the demands of motherhood experienced various personal challenges while attempting to creatively construct a lifestyle that integrated their two personal spheres of work and home. They experienced various work-home conflicts as they juggled full-time employment and child care, often maintaining a stressful and demanding schedule that allowed very little time for personal care and activities. The results is productivity of women employee influence by structural maturity and marriages not becomes such as a threat for the women productivity, the roles organization not pursued of women actualization in self, there is a weakness relationship between productivity and women actualization. These women made decisions for career advancement that required compromises and adjustment in the area of home and family responsibilities. After initial career decisions have been made, career counselors can continue to encourage successful career development by identifying sources of psychosocial support available to female clients, including professional women in community and professional organizations. Key words : productivity, women actualization, career.


The experiment was conducted with the objective of investigating the effect of graded levels of wheat bran (WB) and noug seed cake (NSC) mixtures on carcass yield and characteristics of local Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated maize cob (UTMC). The experiment consisted of digestibility and ninety days of feeding trials followed by evaluation of carcass components at the end of these trials. The experimental sheep were vaccinated against common infectious diseases of sheep, de-wormed and disinfected against internal and external parasites, respectively. The experimental design was randomized complete block design. The treatments were ad libitum feeding of UTMC (T1) and supplementation with mixtures of WB and NSC at a ratio of 2WB:1NSC offered at 150 g (T2), 250 g (T3) and 350 g DM/head /day (T4). Water and salt were offered free choice and UTMC was given ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The result indicated that dressing percentage on slaughter weight (SWT) and hot carcass weight (HCW) basis was higher (P<0.001) for supplemented sheep than the control. Similarly, rib eye muscle area was higher (P<0.001) in supplemented sheep than the control group. Generally, T4 improved carcass yield as well as characteristics and could be used as an alternative feed supplement in UTMC based feeding of Arsi-Bale sheep.


Irrespective of the level of development of any people, health is one major yardstick often used to determine actual growth and overall development of such nation state. Considering the importance of good health to productivity and stability of a given nation, this paper critically examines the impact of globalization movement on indigenous and foreign health policies in Nigeria, with particular focus on women. This paper traces the origin and goals of key health policies in Nigeria, specifically the Basic Health Service Scheme (BHSS) and the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). In addition, the activities of World Health Organization & Family Health International, in promoting world health are critically examined. The paper concludes with the impact of globalization on health policies in relation to its impact on women and recommends positive steps for the way forward. Keywords : Globalization, Women, Health, Policy, Nigeria Gender & Behaviour Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 1720-1735


When schools react to contemporary events and focus on complex moral problems they commonly fail to make basic distinctions between the morally serious and trivial, the moral and the non-moral, and problems and dilemmas. We need to teach the distinction between moral and other values, and between what is intrinsically good, what is right in practice and what is justifiable. Moral theory seeks to delineate an ideal situation. Different circumstances give rise to different particular practices; but the principles of freedom, fairness, respect for persons, truth and felicity constitute a widely recognized view of the essence of morality. These principles, and the nature of education itself, are often ignored in programs of moral education, which should proceed by providing an understanding of the nature and limits of the moral sphere.


Data security in the process of information exchange is very important. One way to secure the image is to use cryptographic techniques. Cryptographic algorithms applied to the image is used to randomize the position of pixels using a secret key parameters, so that images can not be recognized anymore after the encryption process. In this study, researchers used the algorithm of chaos known as algorithms compact, fast and commonly used in cryptography especially those in the image file. The results showed the image that has been through an encryption process can not be recognized because the randomization process image pixel position is performed using chaos algorithm.


In weaving segments, traffic merges, diverges, and weaves in a limited space. These traffic maneuvers might result in high crash hazards. To improve the safety of a congested expressway weaving segment, this study tested various active traffic management (ATM) strategies in microsimulations. Crash odds and the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model were used to evaluate the impact of ATM strategies on traffic safety. The crash odds were calculated based on the real-time safety analysis model for weaving segments. The strategies included ramp metering (RM), variable speed limit (VSL), and integrated RM and VSL (RM-VSL). Overall, the results showed that the ATM strategies improved the safety of the studied weaving segment. The modified ALINEA RM algorithms, which took lane occupancy and safety into consideration, outperformed the traditional ALINEA algorithm from a safety perspective. The 45 mph VSLs, which were located at the upstream of the studied weaving segment, significantly enhanced safety without notably increasing average travel time. A consolidated RM-VSL strategy was also proposed with the aim of improving traffic safety by implementing RM and VSL. In the consolidated RM-VSL strategy, the modified ALINEA RM was adjusted according to the queue length to prevent long queues on ramps. The results proved that the consolidated RM-VSL strategy reduced the number of conflicts by 16.8% and decreased the crash odds by 6.0%.


Sintered NdFeB permanent magnets were prepared by strip casting,hydrogen decrepitation and jet milling.Effects of casting temperature on microstructure of strip cast and magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB magnets were studied.In a certain range,it is found that as casting temperature decreases,the thickness of strip cast increases.Grain size increases with casting temperature.A lot of isometric crystal tends to generate at a lower casting temperature,which is hard to be broken by HD process,leading to a wide particle size distribution of JM powder,and tesultantly reducing magnet orientation degree.The result also shows that a desired strip cast can be prepared with uniform microstructure and without isometric crystals,columnar well-grown crystals at 1460℃ casting temperature,resultantly forming a narrow particle size distribution of JM powder.So 50M sintered NdFeB magnet can be prepared for 1460℃ casting temperature.


Milling system (10) for aluminium plates (90) to be rolled, able to smooth an aluminium plate (90), obtained through a metallurgic process, in order to make a subsequent rolling of the same in order to obtain aluminium coils, the milling system (10) producing aluminium scraps during the smoothing operation and comprising suction means (20) of the aluminium scraps and compaction means (50) of the aluminium scraps. The compaction means (50) of the aluminium scraps comprise at least one pair of rolling rolls (60) able to plastically deform the aluminium scraps, such to deform them and transform the same in a single rough aluminium tape, easy to cut and transport.


We investigate flux phases of the three-dimensional (3D) {ital t}-{ital J} model for a layer structure. For some range of parameters, the system is stabilized by a uniform fictitious flux, which is commensurate to the electron number density. This state corresponds in 2D lattices to the commensurate flux phase, although in the 3D system we have the flux orientation as another variational parameter to lower the energy. Exchange of two carriers gives an extra phase factor to the wave function; this is not allowed in a continuous space but is in a lattice structure. The system exhibits 2D superconductivity confined in a plane perpendicular to the commensurate flux.


Tensors that are invariant with respect to subgroups of three-dimensional group of rotations were constructed first by Lokhin and Sedov (J Appl Math Mech (PMM), 1963, 27, 597–629). In this paper, we do one more step and derive formulas for the elastic modulus tensors for all symmetry groups from the Lokhin–Sedov results. The tensor basis obtained in this way has an advantage of being built upon the same tensors that are used in construction of non-linear tensor functions. One consequence of the formulas derived is that the number of types of anisotropic elastic behaviors is ten. There is a long-standing controversy concerning this number; many authors claim that the correct number is eight. We discuss this controversy in detail, and add several points to the Fedorov–Khatkevich argument that initiated this controversy. We formulate the tensor relationship which is the underlying cause of the Fedorov–Khatkevich argument. This relationship yields several generalizations (extension to cubic symmetries, the inversed argument). We argue that for crystals, ten types of elastic response cannot be reduced to eight due to built-in intrinsic structure determining the crystal symmetry. For polycrystals with a priori unknown elastic symmetry, the problem of determining the symmetry by elastic moduli is shown to be ill-posed.


Dragon,as a kind of idealized humane creature,is one of the symbols of China.The engraved dragon pattern is not a common decoration but the result of a special spiritual reflection.So the paper despicts in details its origin,changes,and development from a historical angel and suggests that modern design should pay more attention to its cultural and historical connotations.Only when the modern designs are combined with clear and correct traditional culture factors can them exist for a long time.


Highly p-doped silicon/silicon–Germanium (SiGe) quantum well structures have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on 〈100〉 Si substrates as detectors in the midinfrared regime (3–5 μm; 8–12 μm). These detectors—operating from about 3 to 20 μm—are based on heterointernal photoemission of photogenerated holes across the Si/SiGe valence band from a highly p-doped SiGe layer which is grown on an undoped (50 Ω cm), double-sided polished Si substrate. The thickness of the well, its doping level, and its Ge content determines the valence band offset and thus the operating wavelength of the detector. This layer sequence has been repeated up to five times and the structure has been terminated with a p-doped SiGe contact layer on top. The samples grown have been extensively analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Rutherford Backscattering, and absorption spectroscopy. Mesa detectors of varying diameters have been fabricated using a standard Si processing technique, and the photocurrent and d...


Highly accurate quantum mechanical calculations are performed for the 1s{sup 2}2s{sup 2} ({sup 1}S{sub 0}) {yields} 1s{sup 2}2p{sup 2} ({sup 1}S{sub 0}) transition energy in the isotopomers of C{sup 2+} ion to determine the isotope shifts. Explicitly correlated Gaussian functions and a variational approach that explicitly includes the nuclear motion are employed in the calculations. The leading relativistic and quantum electrodynamics corrections to the transition energy are also calculated using the perturbation theory with the nonrelativistic wave function as the zero-order approximation. It is determined that the {sup 12}C{sup 2+} transitions energy, which is obtained from the calculations to be 182 519.031 cm{sup -1} (vs the experimental value of 182 519.88 cm{sup -1}, an excellent sub-wave-number agreement) up-shifts by 1.755 cm{sup -1} for {sup 13}C{sup 2+} and by additional 1.498 cm{sup -1} for {sup 14}C{sup 2+}. Those shifts are sufficiently large to be measured experimentally.


In recent years, some major volcanic eruptions have been forecast successfully, but others have claimed many lives. In his Perspective,
 Scarpa
 charts recent efforts to improve predictions of volcanic eruptions. Broadband seismic studies, such as those of
 Kumagai
 et al., are a powerful tool for modeling the magma dynamics. This and other techniques, such as strain meters in boreholes, will lead to a more quantitative approach in physical volcanology.


Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate signaling and other biochemical processes through dephosphorylation of proteins at the tyrosine residue. Disruption of the functioning of tyrosine phosphatases may lead to serious diseases and disorders. Based on the literature known up to now and preliminar results, the following experiments were performed: 1) Western blot for proteins VHR (interest), Cyclin B1, and Actin (controls) to verify the stability and expression during the cell cycle, 2) Laser Scanning Microscopy (Fluorescence Confocal) to determine the expression and localization of proteins VHR, pJNK, pATF2, and pH2AX 3) Theoretical research using bioinformatics tools looking at structural features of proteins that may be possible targets of VHR by analogy to known substrates, mainly based on alignment of proteins and post-translational modifications as phosphorylation, associated with experimental evidences. The results show that VHR is a protein stable to degradation and highly expressed during the cell cycle, which quickly migrates to the nucleus of human cervix carcinoma cervix cells (HeLa), after receiving gamma radiation, and co-localizes with the phosphorylated forms of Histone 2AX (pH2AX) and the transcription factor ATF2 (pATF2). Moreover, in cells irradiated by ultraviolet light type C, VHR is on DNA damaged by mutation or other chemical modification co-localizing with phospho-JNK and pATF2. The theoretical investigation resulted in a list of probable protein substrates of VHR with more than 30 potential candidates exhibiting the TXY motif with high probability of phosphorylation by VHR in the two known residues, but experimental validation is under way.


As widely used electrical technology, electromic technology, control technology and computer technology in industrial and agricultural production and daily life, so the course Electrotechnics should be built up for the innovation of non Electrotechnics teaching content and education system, training comples specialized people and practical type people. This paper states the design idea and the characteristics of Electrotechnics Network Teaching System which is based on the web technology. The architecture and concrete content of the system are introduced in detail.


Objective:To investigate the effects o f Shenye Yizhi Capsule on improving memory function on the neurotrasmitter of A ch.Methods:3-month and 12-month rats were treated with Shenye Yizhi Capsule and the contrary drug respectively. Activity of ChAT and AchE, th e content of Ach were determined after treatment for all rats.Results:Shenye Yizhi Capsule has both-sided effects on th e activity of ChAT and AchE and the contents of Ach to the 12-month rats, highte ning the activity of ChAT and reducing the activity of AchE, which make the cont ents of Ach improved or maintain stable level of relativity.Conclusion:Shenye Yizhi Capsule can adjust the normal phys iological function of Ach of older rats.


Effects of irradiation on the microbial growth and physicochemical properties of garlic powder were investigated during 3 months storage. Total bacteria and coliform group of garlic powder were and per g, respectively and irradiation of 5 kGy and 7 kGy could sterilize coliform group and total bacteria, respectively. value of total bacteria was 3.34 and no microorganisms were grown in 5 to f kGy irradiated groups after 3 months storage at . Moisture, sugars and pH of garlic powder were not remarkably changed during storage but pyruvic acid content was slightly decreased with storage period. Color difference of garlic powder after 3 months storage could not be distinguished by naked eye, but a slight change was recongized by the mechanical measurement.


There is nothing to add to what so many observers of the Anglo-American scene have ruefully remarked: the similarities of the two cultures (in politics, food or language) serve only to trap the unwary into supposing that there are close relationships of dependence or influence, stretching uninterruptedly over the past four centuries. The error may be presented and decorated in a number of ways. It might be supposed, for example, that so blandly simple a term as 'school' does not shift its meaning in crossing the Atlantic. Or that the resonant catch words 'equality' or 'opportunity' vibrate indifferently in York and New York, or in Oxford (England) or Oxford (Mississipi). The less refined apostles of comparative education lament, and notably in international conferences, that societies should learn so little from one another's educational experiences and theories perhaps, in the latter case at least, because there is so little to learn. Polemicists have made a habit in the past twenty years of urging that the English educational system would be arrested in its headlong flight into the abyss of comprehensiveness by a judicious examination of the history of American education, or - with equal and opposite dogmatism - that it would be rescued from its narrow elitism by exposing its antique stuffiness to the bracing Atlantic breezes. If much of James D. Koerner's influential book [I] is a careful appeal to the English not to repeat what he identified as the classical American errors, against it might be set the enraptured admiration of Professor Robin Pedley for the true spirit of I776. Pedley's intemperate enthusiasm is such that it moves him to embrace within one sentence a former President of Harvard and the Founder of the Christian religion. "Copernicus, Martin Luther, Charles Darwin, and beyond them Jesus of Nazareth - their's is the spirit that inspires the thought and words of America's


A set of experiments having in target determination of fracture resistance was performed on the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites specimens with an additional monitoring of damage onset and evolution with a so-called Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. The AE technique is a non-destructive material testing method, which enables registering the phenomena usually not audible with a human ear – the frequency bands lay between 100 and 1000 kHz. For the FRP composites this enables monitoring various damage phenomena – matrix cracking, delamination, fiber cracking etc. by acquisition and subsequent analysis of several AE parameters: number of hits, number of counts, amplitude or energy of the signal. In the paper advantages of a deeper analysis of the raw AE signal was presented with an application of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), leading to a more detailed damage identification along the whole loading procedure. The study proved the usability of the AE method in damage monitoring of the FRPs; a bundle of illustrative examples of chosen acoustic emission parameters' evolution displayed on the background of the load applied to composite specimens was presented and interpreted.


The description of the encounter between the thief and the crucified Christ in Luke's Gospel introduces a difficult problem into the moral teachings of Christianity. It presents a particularly vexing question to a Christian moralist, who attempts to reconcile the philosophical ideal of habitual virtue with the religious belief in a dramatic conversion and the immediate acceptance of divine precepts. The Christian doctrines concerning the corruption of human nature and its subsequent perfection through the infusion of divine grace present formidable challenges to a moral theorist who has read the work of Aristotle. Christian theologians, like Thomas of the sermons, Bonaventure, Eckhart, and the author of the dialogues, then must reject rational ethics in favor of a theory that claims an old woman through faith knows more about the good life than the philosophers with all their efforts. Keywords:Aristotle; christianity; Gospel; philosophers; religious belief; theologians; thief


This article is a diary form account of the process of scripting and authoring a CD-ROM on the criticism of pre-twentieth century poetry. It attempts to show how English teachers with limited technical backgrounds were able to acquire enough of the appropriate skills to manage and see through to completion such a project within six months, on top of their normal timetables. It also discusses the importance of music and graphic design and the ups and downs of using this new creative teaching medium for making interactive and student-centred resources for practical criticism.


The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether the learning of mathematics realistic discovery methods aided interactive multimedia produce learning achievement better than conventional learning, (2) whether there is influence students' response to mathematics achievement, (3) whether there is an interaction between learning mathematics with students 'response to students' mathematics achievement. This study uses a quasi-experimental research methods. The population in this study were all fifth grade students of the second semester of the Holy Hadipolo village primary school year 2016/2017, while samples were selected by cluster random sampling is SD 3 Hadipolo as an experimental group with a total of 25 students and SD 2 Hadipolo as a control group by number 25 students. The results showed (1) there are differences in the effect of teaching methods to mathematics achievement, (2) there are differences in mathematics achievement among students with the response study of high, medium, and low., (3) there are differences in the achievement of each learning method consistent at each level of learning responses and differences in learning achievement of each level of learning consistent response to each method of learning.


Phylogenetic reconstruction based on one locus or a few loci can be misleading due to gene-tree/species-tree discordance. Species delimitation and intraspecific studies also often suffered from low resolution because of insufficient statistic power when few loci were used. Exon capture method is one of the most efficient way to collect genome-scale data, which can significantly augment studies that aimed to investigate patterns and histories of organisms at both intraspecific and high level. Here, I showed the advancement of shifting from single-gene method to genomic approach and the benefit of applying exon capture method comparing to alternative genomic techniques. Then, I explained the principle of exon capture method as well as providing detailed recommendations for applying this method. Finally, I demonstrated exon capture method using two applications and discussed future perspectives of this technology.


This study was conducted to investigate the effect of blanching on the quality characteristics of dandelion Kimchi. Experimental groups were divided BT-group (dandelion was blanched in the 3% brine for 15 seconds at 100℃, then salted in 8% brine for 5 hours) and NT-group (dandelion was salted at 8% brine for 5 hours). Changes in pH, acidity, color, number of total microbe and lactic acid bacteria, antioxidant activity and sensory quality were investigated during the fermentation at 10℃. The pH of the BT- and NT-Kimchi maintained higher than 4.1 for 21-days fermentation, but that of BT-Kimchi was lower than that of NT-Kimchi. And also, the titrable acidity of BT-Kimchi was maintained higher than that of NT-Kimchi. L* value and b* value of BT-Kimchi were higher, while a* value of BT-Kimchi was lower than that of NT-Kimchi. There was no significantly difference in total microbial count between BT- and NT-Kimchi, while number of the lactic acid bacteria in the BT-Kimchi was higher than that of BT-Kimchi. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity between BT- and NT-group during the fermentation. In the results of sensory evaluation of the dandelion Kimchi, toughness, color, flavor and overall quality were good in the BT-Kimchi, while the bitter taste showed relatively strong in the NT-Kimchi.


Recycling can be an effective tool for reducing waste generation, eliminating waste disposal sent in landfills and incinerators and reducing environmental pollution. Moreover, recycling is one way to achieve sustainable use of natural resources and to protect the environment and human health. However, the relationship between air pollution and recycling has been neglected in the previous economic studies. This study examines this relationship using panel data from a waste municipality survey in the state of Massachusetts during the period 2009- 2012. In addition, the analysis considers economic factors, as unemployment rate and income per capita, meteorological variables, as well as, it accounts for additional municipality characteristics, such as population density and trash collection services. The approach followed is a fixed effects model which controls for stable time invariant characteristics of the municipalities, thereby eliminating potentially large sources of bias. The findings support that a negative relationship between recycling rate and particulate particles in the air of 2.5 micrometres or less in size (PM2.5) is present.


The main reason behind poor healthcare delivery is malfunctioning of effective referral system. Objective: To determine the frequency of patients referred through proper channel in medical outpatient department of tertiary health care facility and to determine the causes of not utilizing basic health facilities by employing modified WHO questionnaire on Rapid Assessment of Referral Care System. A Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Medical Outpatient Department of Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi from 21st April to 21st September. Methods: Up to 400 participants going to medical outpatient department were selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Patient data like socio-demographic variables and questions with respect to referral was documented using a modified version of the Rapid Assessment of Referral Care System questionnaire from the World Health Organization. Percentages and frequencies were computed. Results: Amongst 400 participants who were included in the study, 244(61%) were female participants. About 365(91.3%) participants came to tertiary care hospital while (35) (8.8%) participants were referred. About 79(19.8%) participants were having chronic illness like Diabetes, hypertension, COPD, IHD, Asthma etc. 166(41.5%) participants choose this government facility due to presence of experienced doctors here in this facility. 159(39.8%) participants choose this facility due to presence of better care in this facility. Rest of them 75(18.7%) had other reasons. Conclusions: Most of the patients visited tertiary care hospital directly, with very minor health issues, not utilizing health facilities at the primary and secondary levels of care are overworked, which affects tertiary care facilities.


Identifying elements of existing software that are reused within a system may provide maintainers with valuable insights during system evolution. This paper evaluates an extension of software reconnaissance that can be used to analyze reuse across features in a system, as part of a component recovery process. We illustrate and evaluate retrieval of reuse information in this fashion using a large, commercial ERP and warehousing application. Results suggest that the approach scales well in terms of reuse information across features in existing software, providing maintainers with a valuable new perspective on the software system in question.


The in vitro antioxidant properties of squeezed juice from black radish root were investigated by spectrophotometry and luminometry. The sample exhibited strong hydrogen‐donating ability, reducing power, copper(II)‐chelating property and showed a radical scavenging effect in a H2O2/˙OH‐luminol system that points to significant participation in an antioxidant process. According to the HPLC analyses the main active compounds in the juice are not the glucosinolates but probably their degradation products formed by myrosinase hydrolysis. Since a significant amount of polyphenols could be detected in the juice, these compounds could be responsible for the beneficial effect. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Neural tube defects (NTD) are one of the most important malformations of newborns. The aim of this research is to determine the rates ofNTD, anencephaly and spina bifida cystica and the relations of these abnormalities to the factors including sex, race, ethnicity, maternal age and familial marriage in the south-east of the Caspian Sea border. A three-year descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study was carried out on 19545 newborns deliverd in Dezyani hospital in Gorgan during 1998-2000. From the total sample population (19545), the NTD rate was 3.12 per 1000 deliveries. In males the rate was 2.49 per 1000, in females 3.79 per 1000, and the female to male ratio was l.44: l. The rate of anencephaly and spina bifida was l.25 per 1000 and l.74 per 1000 respectively. In regard to different races the NTD rate was 7.48 per 1000,9.5 per 1000, and 2.35 per 1000 among Turkmans, Sistanis and Parses, respectively. It can be concluded that there is a higher rate ofNTD in this region that may be due to the race-ethnicity and the ecological variations. MJIRI, Vol. 16, No.4, 199-203, 2003.


Define f(x) an integral coefficient polynoial, α a rational number and g α(t k)=f(t k)t k-α to be an integral number. For n different integral numbers t 1, …, t n, the necessary and sufficient condition of α being a root of f(x) is that f(t)=∑ni=1 ∏1≤j≤nj≠it-t jt i-t jg α(t i) (t∈Z).


Clinical prediction rules are decision-making tools that incorporate three or more variables from the history, physical examination or simple tests. They help clinicians make diagnostic or therapeutic decisions by standardizing the collection and interpretation of clinical data. There is growing interest in the methodological standards for their development and validation. This article describes the methods used to derive the Canadian C-Spine Rule and provides a valuable reference for investigators planning to develop future clinical prediction rules.


This article describes improvements to the public transport network in Oporto, Portugal. The Metro do Porto has been extended south over the Douro river and extensions are planned for the lines B, C and D. Details are given of the layout of lines A-E, the crossovers, the extensions, the revitalisation of the city alongside the tramway and the service over the Dom Luis high-level bridge. Improvements made to the STCP heritage street tramway are discussed. The author describes his visit to Oporto and the improvements made to public transport in the city over the last 30 years and the potential for further improvements to the tramway. (A)


. To withstand harsh sea states, fish cages can be immersed during critical sea state conditions. In this paper, we present the numerical modelling of water ballast in flexible pipe. According to our results, we consider this modelling to be easy to implement, easy to use, and numerically efficient. We use the finite element method, in which the pipes are modelled using bar elements. The volume of the ballast tank is distributed over the extremities of the bar elements and is represented as cubes. Once the volume of water ballast has been determined, the altitude of the free surface of the ballast is calculated by dichotomy in the cubes. The force on the extremities of the bar elements is calculated using the resulting altitude. Comparison of the present numerical modelling with an analytical method shows that for a vertical tube, the present modelling is robust and realistic. Through the modelling we have assessed the behaviour of a fish cage using ballast: We analysed the shape of the cage during the different phases (immersed, emerged, ballasting, unballasting), the tension in mooring lines, and in the floating part of the cage.


The flax collection at CRA-ISCI The formation of a flax germplasm collection at CRA-ISCI started in 1989 as part of a national research programme on new crops financed by the former Italian Ministry for Agriculture and Forests (now Ministry for Agricultural Policies). Surplus food production was considered a significant economic problem of agriculture in the 1980s, so researches on the production potential of non-food crops were promoted, aiming at relieving agricultural markets and increasing crop diversity in agricultural production systems. Flax was not exactly a new crop for Italy, since until World War II it was widely cultivated throughout the country, but after then it rapidly declined until complete extinction around the 1950s. The end of the cultivation also stopped the breeding activity, so, an hypothetical re-introduction of flax cultivation in Italy would be difficult also by the lack of modern varieties, adapted to Italian conditions. The original task of the collection was therefore to support a multi-year evaluation activity to individuate suitable genotypes either for fiber or oil production. This activity took place mostly between 1985-1998. At present, the activity consists in maintaining the collection and completing the description.


When Einstein first began to develop the theory of relativity, around 1905, the only real-world observations he could draw on were ambiguous and indirect. Today, the evidence is part of everyday life. For example, every time you use a GPS receiver, a, you're using Einstein's theory of relativity. Somewhere between 1905 and today, technology became good enough to allow conceptually simple experiments that students in the early 20th century could only discuss in terms like "Imagine that we could..."


Objectives.Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death in the Philippines.  The prevalence of this disease continuously pose a great challenge to the medical and health sectors of the country, especially in discovering safe, efficacious and cheap alternative medicines with less or no adverse side effects.  Among our endemic medicinal plant species that belong to Moraceae family, Ficus pseudopalma remains understudied.  To our knowledge, there are no reports into the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth inhibitory effects of F.  pseudopalma against hepatocellular carcinoma.  We provided evidence that F.  pseudopalma enhances apoptotic cell death of HepG2, specifically targeting DNA damage.  Methods. To assess the apoptotic and genotoxic abilities of the plant extract, trypan blue exclusion test, MTT, Comet, TUNEL and Caspase-3 activations assays were performed.  Results. Results showed that the crude extract of F. pseudopalma dose-dependently inhibited cell growth of HepG2 recording an IC 50 of 353.342µg/mL.  Interestingly, all assays indicated apoptotic DNA fragmentation of HepG2 cells at concentrations of 300µg/ml and 1000µg/ml.  In particular, changes in morphological features such as aggregation of chromatin, cell shrinkage, and formation of apoptotic bodies were also observed in treated HepG2 cells. Conclusion. The data strongly suggest that F. pseudopalma may be used as an alternative, natural, cheap, readily available, and potent cancer chemoprotective agent by inhibiting cell growth and promoting cell death.  The study provides the first molecular evidence on the plant that induces apoptosis for the development of phytotherapeutic regimen for cancer prevention or treatment.  Keywords: Ficus pseudopalma , cytotoxicity, apoptosis, Comet assay, TUNEL assay, caspase assay


Veterans often struggle to get quality healthcare and dental coverage, but a new bill passed by the Senate aims to rectify that.


The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission was launched in August 2003 to sound the atmosphere by solar occultation. Water vapour (H2O), one of the most important molecules for climate and ...


Effects of nitrogen sources on anaerobic digestion process of wheat straw were investigated by batch model at(35±1)℃.The results indicated that,the biogas productivity of wheat straw without nitrogen recourse was slow and the biogas yield was 323.97mL/g VS with 64.38% of methane content.Various forms of nitrogen and total nitrogen increased dramatically and ammonium nitrogen and organic nitrogen were dominant after anaerobic digestion.Lignin content increased with the degradation of cellulose,semi-cellulose and other organic matter.Addition of nitrogen sources improved the biodegradability of wheat straw and the biogas yield by 35.37%~50.20%,but didn't affect the methane content.Compared with control,ammonium nitrogen was the mainly form in the fermentation liquid of all treatments after anaerobic digestion and the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to total nitrogen were up to 70% except potassium nitrate(only 54.60%).There was no significant difference of nitrate nitrogen content of fermentation liquid between nitrogen sources added and control.With nitrogen sources added,the decomposition of cellulose and semi-cellulose was improved,but didn't affect the destruction of crystalline of cellulose.The best efficacy to anaerobic digestion of wheat straw was obtained by adding urea.