Both QIAN Zhongshu and WANG Chaowen have made indelible contributions to the development of literary esthetics in twentieth-century China marked not only by extensive knowledge and profound scholarship and great personality integrity, but also by splendid attainments in creative work. In this paper is made a comparative resean2h on their academic achievements and personality integrity in such aspects as exquisite discrimination and meticulous description and expressiveness in literary studies, and distinct traits in academic thinking, etc.


Whenever humans refer to time, they do so with respect to a speciic underlying calendar. So do most software applications. However, most theoretical models of time refer to time with respect to the integers (or reals). Thus, there is a mismatch between the theory and the application of temporal reasoning. To lessen this gap, we propose a formal, theoretical deenition of a calendar and show how one may specify dates, time points, time intervals, as well as sets of time points, in terms of constraints with respect to a given calendar. Furthermore, when multiple applications using diierent calendars wish to work together, there is a need to integrate those calendars together into a single, uniied calendar. We show how this can be done.


In judicial practice,courts in our country generally follow legal Principle when they take on administrative cases.Code of Administrative Procedure as well as related law and regulations provide that abstract administractive behavior is without the litigable extent.This lawsuit system hinders seriously protection of civil political rights.The Writer suggests that courts in our country adopt illegal principle when they take on administrative cases and most abstract administrative behavior can be examined by administration of justice like many modern countries which are simplifying the form of judicial examination and extend the extent of judicial examination.


The growing technology in the world made-up the deep learning method, which classifies different vehicles from a video. In deep learning technology use different strategies such as RCNN, Fast RCNN, RPN, faster RCNN, YOLO, SSD. All methods offer various accuracy of the identification of the vehicle. The convolutional natural network determining an object detection task exploitation in deep learning. Object detection is very important in AI as well as in videos using pc vision. Through this paper demystifies the important role of deep learning supported by CNN for object detection. And the methodology offers additional correct result. Deep learning techniques shows the development of object detection in various area and the different technics are assessed during this paper.


Why did southern whites resist the civil rights movement? In retrospect, it might seem that ferocious opposition was preordained given that racial division and white dominance had long been defining features of southern politics. Crucial differences among white southerners fade away in the popular historical imagination as all are cast as a uniform mass of intemperate racists supporting flamboyant, fire-breathing politicians, brutal sheriffs, and shadowy extremist organizations. Such caricatures, however, are unsatisfactory if we wish to account for the outcomes of the civil rights movement. In contrast to the portrait of strident and cohesive opposition, some argue that the southern white countermobilization to civil rights was actually weaker and declined sooner than what might have been expected. It should be remembered as well that organized segregationists calling for massive resistance against civil rights mobilization and federal intervention into southern racial politics often bemoaned the unwillingness of their white brethren to rally in defense of Jim Crow. I therefore suggest that an explanation for the triumphs of the civil rights movement begins with an account of white resistance and countermobilization. Obviously, an analysis of reactive countermobilization highlights how much opposition the civil rights movement had to overcome while, at the same time, reveals considerable weaknesses in the southern defenses of Jim Crow institutions.


Simple Summary Odor emission from swine production facilities can irritate the people living in surrounding areas, although the farmers consider odor emission as a part of farming practice. Despite the governmental and institutional efforts, odor-related complaints from the neighborhood communities around the swine farms are rapidly increasing and have been identified as a key concern to sustaining progress of the swine industry globally. Bio-liquor circulation systems (BCSs) in swine farms have become popular among the farmers as an odor reduction technology in Korea. However, due to the lack of appropriate operating strategies, the odor reduction capacity of BCSs is often depleted. In this lab-scale study, a real-time control strategy based on oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH (mV) time profiles was developed and applied for BCS operation. This study shows the potential effectiveness of using ORP and pH (mV) time profiles as operational parameters for the BCS to improve swine manure properties in slurry pits and thus reduce odor emission. Abstract In this study, an attempt was made to develop a real-time control strategy using oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH (mV) time profiles for the efficient operation of bio-liquor circulation system (BCS) in swine farms and its effectiveness in reducing odor emission through improving manure properties in the slurry pit was evaluated. The lab-scale BCS used in this study comprised a bioreactor and a slurry pit. The bioreactor was operated in a sequence of inflow of swine manure → anoxic phase → aerobic phase → circulation to the slurry pit. The improvement in swine manure properties was elucidated by comparing the results of the BCS slurry pit (circulation type, CT) and conventional slurry pit (non-circulation type, NCT). The results revealed that the ORP time profile successfully detected the nitrate knee point (NKP) in the anoxic phase. However, it was less stable in detecting the nitrogen break point (NBP) in the aerobic phase. The pH (mV) time profile showed a more efficient detection of NBP. Compared to the NCT slurry pit, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and soluble total organic carbon (STOC) and other analyzed swine manure properties were much lower in the CT slurry pit. In the aspect of odor reduction, around 98.3% of NH3 was removed in the CT slurry pit. The real-time controlled BCS can overcome the drawbacks of fixed time-based BCS operation and therefore can be considered as a useful tool to reduce odor emission from intensive swine farming operations. However, further studies and refinement in control algorithms might be required prior to its large-scale application.


A highly deflecting compressor cascade has been designed and optimized specifically for use at low Reynolds number conditions, as can be found at high altitudes. The general objective of the design has been to provide a new optimized compressor cascade for studies on the behavior of compressor blades at low Reynolds numbers and on the possibilities of influencing the


A business's ability to properly market their services and products is a critical aspect of business strategy. Having an effective marketing strategy is essential to the longevity, growth, and sustainability of a business. The critical technological competencies require shifts in the marketing profession especially within the real estate market. This study aims to discuss the gap in the literature across competency levels for real estate professionals along with technological applications needed in the marketing field in relationship to the real estate industry.


Background: Early extubation after cardiac surgery results in better postoperative outcomes but the optimal time for extubation remains unclear. Premature extubation may lead to unplanned reintubation that may result in adverse outcomes. The present study was undertaken to compare preoperative and operative risks and outcomes of patients with prolonged intubation >48 hours and reintubation after cardiac surgery. Aims: This is a retrospective chart review of 1259 patients who had cardiac surgery at a community hospital. After excluding patients with either operating room death, extubation 48 hours with reintubation, the final sample included 83 patients (6.6%) requiring reintubation after extubation in 2 (p = .046) but lower odds for intra-aortic balloon pump (p = .006) and emergency surgery (p = .005). Reintubation led to worse postoperative outcomes than prolonged intubation: more acute kidney injury stage 1-3 (p = .014), coma/encephalopathy (p = .004), postoperative transfusion (p = .003), increased intensive care unit length of stay (p = .001) and hospital mortality (p = .007). Based on binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses, the differences in preoperative and operative risks were either inconsistent or trivial contributors and reintubation appears to make the largest independent contribution to poor postoperative outcomes. Conclusion: While early extubation remains the goal, patients with marginal weaning readiness may benefit from more recovery time before extubation. This study suggests that premature extubation may increase unplanned reintubation that could adversely affect postoperative outcomes after cardiac surgery.


This thesis analyses the city children′s sports theme park construction in our country rationally,establishes the goal of the building of children′s sports theme park hunts for the basis of the building of children′s sports theme park;illustrates The guiding ideology and principles of the planning and design for children′s sports theme park..It also puts forward the preliminary ideas on specifications,models,content settings and the construction and development strategies for children′s sports theme Park.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with simvastatin and fenofibrate for type 2 diabetes patients with combined hyperlipidemia.Methods Eighty type 2 diabetes patients with mixed hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in group A were administered simvastatin (10 mg/d) and fenofibrate (200 mg/d)during six months,the patients in group B took orally simvastatin (20 mg/d) for six months.The blood lipid were determined before and after treatment,and side effects were observated during the period.Results Comparing with those before treatment,the decreasing degree of TC,LDL and TG were separately 31%,38% and 55%,the level of HDL increased 22% in group A,They were 21%,28%,10% and 5% in group B,there was signifcant difference between the two groups (P0.01).There was no difference about the rate of side effects during the period between the two groups (P0.05).Conclusion Combined therapy with simvastatin and fenofibrate for type 2 diabetes patients with mixed hyperlipidemia could be safe and more effective.


The Study of the Environment in Historical Perspective Measuring the Environment Specific Environmental Influences The Structure of the Environment Operation of the Environment Across Time Specificity of Environmental Action Organism-Environment Covariance Organism-Environment Interaction The Nature of Nurture Implications and Applications


Queensland Treasury urges all Queenslanders to join in celebrate National Reconciliation Week from 27 May and 3 June 2015. National Reconciliation Week is a time to learn more about our shared histories, cultures and achievements and work towards cultivating positive relationships that end discrimination and close the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.


The reaction of diazotization of 2,4-diamino-5,10-dioxo-1,5,10,10atetrahydrobenz[g]quinoline-3-carbonitrile (1) afforded 4-amino-2-(chlorodiazenyl)-5,10dioxo-1,5,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[g]quinoline-3-carbonitrile (2) as a versatile building block for the design and synthesis of some novel benzo[g]quinolone systems. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds has been confirmed by IR, H NMR, C NMR, mass spectral and elemental analysis. Furthermore, some selected compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-cancer activity against A-549, HT-29 and MKN-45 cancer cells. The results declared that most of the synthesized compounds are endued with high anti-tumor activity; compounds (4), (6) and (7) presented the highest cytotoxic activity against lung cancer A-549, gastric cancer MKN-45 and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, respectively.


Summary form only given. Nickel aluminate (NiAl 2 O 4 ) spinel was formed using transferred arc plasma (TAP) melting in a single step processing. For the same, commercially available NiO and α-Al 2 O 3 powders were mixed in 1∶1 molar weight ratio in a ball mill and then melted in a specially designed transferred arc plasma torch at different operating conditions. Argon gas was used to produce plasma at atmospheric pressure. XRD, SEM and Micro Raman studies were conducted to characterize the processed samples and the results conclude that 10 kW of torch input power level and 5 mins of processing times are appropriate for obtaining the highest percentage NiAl 2 O 4 spinel. The efficiency of spinel formation increases with the melting time up to a certain level of input power and time, thereafter it decreases.


The simplest potential counterexample to Y. Nakanishi's, 20 year old, conjecture that the 4-move is an unknotting operation is unknotted using 4-moves (Problem 1.59, 3a in the Kirby Problem List) thus showing it to not be one.


ssociated with conventional debt, s could not reduce their real oblicreating massive inflation, as they / with conventional government ause their nominal GDP would inth the inflation. lased on GDP have the great merit Bp dangerous sion of h i i j I ^p capitalism a system p in some ill repute at the I moment. But in fact the enF thusiastic implementation of financial capitalism has been the AUDACITY WORKS! ERADICATE SMALLPOX Smallpox was still killing millions in 1967, two centuries after the invention of a vaccine for it. That year the World Health Organization decided to immunize everyone in the world. To do so it had to develop a vaccine that required no refrigeration and a new needle that would simplify inoculation. Then came a seven-year program to contain outbreaks through door-to-door surveillance. By 1979 smallpox had disappeared from the planet.


The Yushulin Oilfield,located in the Sanzhao Depression of the Songliao Basin,developed large shallow-water deltas at the time when the Fuyu Reservoir deposited within the Member 4 of the Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation.Based on 12 well cores and 2268 well loggings,by ways of single-well facies,logging facies,connecting-wells and plane sedimentary microfacies,well-developed shallow deltas were recognized in the study area in which can be further subdivided into delta plain,internal front,external front,predelta,and delta plain subfacies.Main sedimentary microfacies are plain distributary channel and internal front subaqueous distributary channel.These two types of channelized sandstone bodies interlaced into a network.During the early stage of the Member 3 of the Fuyu Reservoir,the studied area was dominated by shallow-water delta internal front subfacies which was sourced from north only.Later,the delta prograded towards south,and the studied area changed into delta plain subfacies.At the time of the third layer in the Member 3 of the Fuyu Reservoir,source from south appeared and intersected with the northern source.This sedimentary condition continued to the latest stage of the first mewber of the Fuyu Reservoir FⅠ At the time of the third layer of the Member 1,both the northern and southern deltas retrograded due to the sudden rise of lake level.In the middle part of the studied area,delta internal front,external front,and predelta were developed in proper order.


Indium monofluoride was excited in a high-frequency discharge and the C-X system was photographed at a reciprocal dispersion of 0.3 AA mm-1 using a plane-grating spectrograph. Rotational analyses of the 0,0 1,0 2,2 3,3 4,4 2,4 3,5 4,6 and 5,7 bands have been carried out and the following molecular constants have been evaluated. Be'=0.2670(+or-3) cm-1, Be"=0.2628(+or-4) cm-1, alpha e'=0.0050(+or-4) cm-1, alpha e"=0.0020(+or-1) cm-1, De'=3.65(+or-5)*10-7 cm-1, De"=2.5(+or-3)*10-7 cm-1, beta e'=0.5(+or-2)*10-7 cm-1, beta e"=0.2(+or-1)*10-7 cm-1, re'=1.9672(+or-3) AA, re"=1.9853(+or-2) AA. The re" value agrees with the microwave absorption value 1.9854 AA.


Since the classical asymptotic theorems of Voronovskaya-type for positive and linear operators are in fact based on the Taylor's formula which is a very particular case of Lagrange-Hermite interpolation formula, in the recent paper Gal [3], I have obtained semi-discrete quantitative Voronovskaya-type theorems based on other Lagrange-Hermite interpolation formulas, like Lagrange interpolation on two and three simple knots and Hermite interpolation on two knots, one simple and the other one double. In the present paper we obtain a semi-discrete quantitative Voronovskaya-type theorem based on Lagrange interpolation on arbitrary p + 1 simple distinct knots.


Abstract. The version 10 (v10) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 full-physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm has been applied to multiyear records of observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 and 3 sensors (OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively) to provide estimates of the carbon dioxide (CO2) column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCO2). In this study, a number of improvements to the ACOS v10 L2FP algorithm are described. The post-processing quality filtering and bias correction of the XCO2 estimates against multiple truth proxies are also discussed. The OCO v10 data volumes and XCO2 estimates from the two sensors for the time period of August 2019 through February 2022 are compared, highlighting differences in spatiotemporal sampling but demonstrating broad agreement between the two sensors where they overlap in time and space. A number of evaluation sources applied to both sensors suggest they are broadly similar in data and error characteristics. Mean OCO-3 differences relative to collocated OCO-2 data are approximately 0.2 and −0.3 ppm for land and ocean observations, respectively. Comparison of XCO2 estimates to collocated Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements shows root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of approximately 0.8 and 0.9 ppm for OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively. An evaluation against XCO2 fields derived from atmospheric inversion systems that assimilated only near-surface CO2 observations, i.e., did not assimilate satellite CO2 measurements, yielded RMSEs of 1.0 and 1.1 ppm for OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively. Evaluation of uncertainties in XCO2 over small areas, as well as XCO2 biases across land–ocean crossings, also indicates similar behavior in the error characteristics of both sensors. Taken together, these results demonstrate a broad consistency of OCO-2 and OCO-3 XCO2 measurements, suggesting they may be used together for scientific analyses.


The present states of the vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (SELDs) in Japan conducted by the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd., Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd., Seiko-Epson Corp. and Electrotechnical Lab. are outlined. Most of the lasers use the semiconductive distributed Bragg reflector and buried heterostructure (BH) either for the active region or whole optical cavity. Combination of the SELD and thyristor by NEC Corp. for the optical functional device was also introduced. Lateral injection SELDs will be another choice for the multiple quantum well structure and reduction of the series resistance. Regrowth and processing techniques developed in Japan which may be applicable for the more optimized design of SELDs are also discussed.


Meatballs are a food favored by the community, with the number of buyers classified as frequent at +30% even though the calories are high, reaching 68 calories per piece with a fat content of 60%. The purpose of this study was to produce vegetable meatballs with lower fat but high fiber content. The vegetable meatballs in this study were produced using Eucheuma cottonii seaweed gel without meat and wheat flour as its raw materials. The vegetable meatballs can be intended for consumers with certain conditions. The research method used was experimental using a randomized block design (RAK). The treatment in this study was the concentration of E.cottonii seaweed gel in the product formulation which was 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. Each treatment was repeated three times. The observed response was consumers' acceptance using hedonic and hedonic quality tests and the fat content of meatballs. The results showed that vegetable meatballs with 1.5% gel content were the most preferred by panelists which contain 3.5% crude fiber and 14% fat.


Starting from canthin-4-one (I) and via the key intermediate (III), a series of penta- and hexacyclic ring systems is built up using ring-anellation reactions.


Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common heart disease, vascular segmentation is conducive to clinical diagnosis and follow-up treatment. In recent years, deep learning has become the most widely used method for coronary artery segmentation. At present, there are many papers on the segmentation of Coronary artery, but most of them are magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and computed tomography(CT)[1].X-ray coronary angiography(CAG) is the main imaging technology in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease ,and is regarded as the "gold standard" in clinical treatment. In this paper, we provide a review of main stream vessel segmentation of X-ray coronary angiography images using deep learning. Finally, we discuss the challenges and limitations of current deep learning based methods, and propose potential directions for future research.


The present invention relates to RF signal receiving module and method. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first amplification block for amplifying the input signal in accordance with a control between the antenna side input node and an intermediate node; The first amplification block and in parallel is formed between the input node and an intermediate node, in response to a control, the attenuation to perform attenuation and amplification of the input signal and the amplification block; Attenuation of block between the intermediate node and the rear-side nodes, according to a control, reduce or attenuate the signal passes; And a rear node or control block for controlling a first amplifying block, attenuation and amplification block, and an attenuation block according to the intensity of the signal outputted from the rear end of the rear node; the RF signal receiving module is proposed, comprising a. In addition, the RF signal receiving method is proposed.


The invention relates to a micro base station integrated device, which comprises a micro base station, a protection shell thereof and a microwave transmission modulation and demodulation unit which is arranged in the protection shell and connected with the micro base station, wherein the microwave transmission modulation and demodulation unit can be connected with a microwave transmission radio frequency transmitting and receiving unit outside the protection shell through a radio frequency transmitting and receiving unit interface on the microwave transmission modulation and demodulation unitand a socket connector on the protection shell. Compared with the prior device for realizing the same function, the micro base station integrated device reduces manufacturing cost and volume of equipment, simplifies circuit interface design and improves installation efficiency.


Part I: HISTORY AND CONTEXT. 1. Constitutional Backgrounds. 2. The Constitution, American Politics, and the Development of American Constitutional Law. Part II: THE CONSTITUTION OF 1787. 3. The Preamble and Article I: The Legislative Branch. 4. Article II: The Executive Branch. 5. Article III: The Judiciary. 6. Articles IV-VII. Part III: THE AMENDMENTS. 7. The Bill of Rights I: Protecting Individual Liberties. 8. The Bill of Rights II: Procedural Boundaries. 9. Clarifying and Modifying. 10. The Reconstruction Amendments. 11. The Progressive Era. 12. 1933 to 1992. Appendix A: The Declaration of Independence. Appendix B: The Constitution of the United States of America. Credits. Index.


The vast majority of artificial intelligence solutions are founded on game theory, and differential privacy is emerging as perhaps the most rigorous and widely adopted privacy paradigm in the field. However, alongside all the advancements made in both these fields, there is not a single application that is not still vulnerable to privacy violations, security breaches, or manipulation by adversaries. Our understanding of the interactions between differential privacy and game theoretic solutions is limited. Hence, we undertook a comprehensive review of literature in the field, finding that differential privacy has several advantageous properties that can make more of a contribution to game theory than just privacy protection. It can also be used to build heuristic models for game-theoretic solutions, to avert strategic manipulations, and to quantify the cost of privacy protection. With a focus on mechanism design, the aim of this article is to provide a new perspective on the currently held impossibilities in game theory, potential avenues to circumvent those impossibilities, and opportunities to improve the performance of game-theoretic solutions with differentially private techniques.


Background: Malnutrition among children in developing countries continues to impair health and development. School feeding is supposed to eliminate hunger of school age children improving their health, education and future productivity as adults. Objective: to assess the effect of breakfast and school feeding program (SFP) on the academic performance of primary school children in Fayoum governorate. Methods: The intervention group consisted of 576 pupils in the 5th grade chosen randomly from schools have taken school meal for five years. The control group was 233 age and sex-matched pupils chosen randomly from schools have never taken school meal. The snack consists of a pie fortified with minerals and vitamins. Assessment of nutritional status, socio-demographic variables and dietary behaviour was performed. Grades of pupils were taken. Results: Children, who have got school meal for five years, 81.8% and 88.7% of them passed in school and math respectively, for girls the effect was higher. Other nutritional factors have less positive effect. Social factors have less effect on both school achievement and math. Multiple regression analysis presents school meal as the main predictor of school achievement and math grades, while sex and family income are the only socioeconomic variables predictors of school achievement and math grades. Conclusion: School snack has the opportunity to alleviate short-term hunger during the school day. Providing students with important micronutrients especially iron, regularly through daily intake of school snacks, results in improvement in school grades. School meal should be one of multiple interventions designed to improve the environment in which poor children live and learn.


Research conducted on soilborne diseases of nursery grapevines in the Western Cape province in the 1970's demonstrated that Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most important fungal pathogen of nursery grapevines. No further research has been conducted on this aspect since, and a re-assessment of the status of soilborne fungal pathogens associated with diseased grapevines in nurseries was necessary. Declining nursery grapevines representing different rootstock/scion combinations and rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three commercial nurseries in the Western Cape province between February and April 2001 (survey one), November and December 2001 (survey two), and March and April 2002 (survey three). Isolations were made from diseased tissues excised from roots and crowns of symptomatic plants. The effect of surface disinfestation of diseased material on the incidence of fungal genera was also evaluated. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were made of pythiaceous fungi in the soil. Results indicated that Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia spp. were consistently isolated from roots and crowns. Surface disinfestation significantly affected the frequency of isolation of Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium and Rhizoctonia. Rhizoctonia occurred at significantly (P = 0.05) higher incidences in crown tissue during survey two (summer), than survey three (autumn), while Fusarium occurred at significantly higher incidences in roots during surveys one and three (autumn) than during survey two (summer). Phytophthora cinnamomi was infrequently isolated from diseased roots, crowns and soil during the first survey, and not obtained at all during the second or third surveys. Pythium spp. were abundant in most of the soil samples. These results suggest that the status of soilborne fungal pathogens in grapevine nurseries in the Western Cape province has changed considerably over the last 30 years. It is therefore of the utmost importance that further surveys be conducted in representative areas of grapevine production in the Western Cape province, in order to determine which soilborne pathogens are important in the different areas. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


We investigated the haemodynamic and respiratory effects of propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) during spontaneous ventilation. We studied 20 patients scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgery who were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I. During spontaneous ventilation, haemodynamic, respiratory and electroencephalographic variables were measured. Oxygen flow was maintained at 5 1/min using a semi-closed system and a close-fitting face mask. All measurements were obtained before the propofol TCI and at each propofol effect-site concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 μg/ml). Changes in Bispectral Index Score, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide tension and heart rate were negatively correlated with propofol effect-site concentrations. Despite maintaining oxygen saturation (> 99%), apnoea and blood pressure reductions were abruptly induced as the propofol effect-site concentration increased. We therefore recommend careful monitoring of haemodynamic and respiratory function during spontaneous ventilation using propofol TCI.


Wahyu Rio Santoso, 1001135934 public participation in flood prevention in the city of Pekanbaru. Supervisor Prof. Dr. H. Sujianto. M. Si the Flooding problems in the city of Pekanbaru has become a serious concern for officials and experts spatial City lately. Therefore, almost every certain months of the regular flooding greets residents of Pekanbaru. Mainly when rainfall exceeds the capacity of the ground already covered most cities and pavin cement block. Even so, in fact unreasonable Pekanbaru city could be flooded. Because the position is located far above the surface of the Siak river is about 4 or 5 feet above the surface of the Siak river, except in the northern area of town around the coastal fringe urban districts meranti pandak. Factor cause flooding can be caused naturally and also due to the change. In urban areas the dominant cause of the flooding is a result of human activities that cause spatial changes and impact on natural changes. Environmental degradation such as loss of vegetation cover in the catchment area of soil, siltation of rivers due to sedimentation, the narrowing of the river channel and so on can also be caused due to human action. The concept of the theory is that researchers use community participation, Angell theory in Ross and Holil are the factors that influence the community participation. while the research methodology is divided into: the study site is in a handsome village kecematan luck works, the type of research that is taking a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, informants, types and sources of data put on primary data and secondary data, and data collection techniques. From the above research results will be obtained as follows: public participation is a form of energy, a thought, and possessions. While external factors are communication, social climate, economic, political and cultural as well as the opportunity to participate and creative freedom, while internal factors are age, gender, education, employment, and income as well as the duration of its implementation in tackling flood tinggal. is planning, determination plan, control and evaluation of the implementation of the plan implementation plans. Keywords: Participation, Flood. Society


An examination of the citation by St. Paul ( Epist. to Titus 1.12) of a famous hexameter attributed to Epimenides, while tracing its polemical use by Pagans and Christians and discussing modern interpretations, highlights the sarcastic employment of the verse (against Paul) by the emperor Julian in his work  Contra Galilaeos and the reaction of the Antiochean exegetes Theodore of Mopsuestia and John Chrysostom.


Mercaptans are used in many agricultural, pharmaceutical, and industrial products and are commonly used to odorize natural gas. They are, however, toxic and, in the presence of moisture, corrosive to various metals. This article describes the chemical properties of mercaptans and discusses their corrosivity to various metals.


IntroductIon While Sarles et al. [1] first reported pancreatitis associated with increased immunoglobulin levels, the first reports of two patients with coexistent Reidel thyroiditis and retroperitoneal fibrosis respectively were published in 1963 by Bartholomew et al. [2]. Both these patients had undergone abdominal exploration for suspected pancreatic malignancy with obstructive jaundice, but biopsies did not reveal malignancy and instead showed inflammatory fibrosis and eosinophilia. A few years later, a similar patient was reported by Comings et al., who had retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis, and orbital pseudotumor. They proposed that these physically distinct and apparently unrelated manifestations may actually be due to a single underlying process [3]. Patients thought to have primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) with concurrent pancreatic involvement and associated with other autoimmune disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus in various combinations were reported [4–16]. A number of these patients had complete gross and histologic reversal with steroid therapy. Kawaguchi et al. [17] described 'a variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis extensively involving pancreas', a finding they termed lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP). About two years later, Chari et al. [18] described the association of certain subsets of chronic pancreatitis with autoimmune diseases and proposed that these be classified separately as 'chronic autoimmune pancreatitis'. Shortly after that, Yoshida et al. [19] established the concept of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) by demonstrating a prompt response to steroids in a case of chronic pancreatitis with elevated gammaglobulin levels. In a landmark study, elevated IgG4 antibodies were found to be elevated in patients with AIP [20] and Kamisawa et al. [21] described that similar histologic changes i.e., infiltration of tissues with IgG4 positive plasma cells along with storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis occurred in multiple sites e.g., bile ducts (now known as IgG4-associated cholangitis or IAC), salivary glands (chronic sclerosing sialadenitis), kidney (tubulointerstitial nephritis), retroperitoneal fibrosis and concluded that AIP is indeed a multisystem IgG4-related disease (IgG4 RD) [21–23]. This systemic form of AIP, characterized by involvement of multiple organs is now known as Type 1 AIP. Type 1 AIP is associated with elevated IgG4 levels in a majority of patients, and the presence of LPSP histologically. Meanwhile, investigators from Europe described a subset of patients with non-alcoholic duct destructive chronic pancreatitis. These patients had features very distinct from alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Whereas some of the described features overlapped with LPSP i.e., lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and fibrosis, the presence of a duct-centric neutrophilic infiltrate, along with duct destruction were characteristically different. The authors proposed the term 'chronic duct destructive pancreatitis' to describe their findings. Only 4 out of the 12 patients reported had a clear association with other extrapancreatic autoimmune diseases [24]. In a later series from Mayo Clinic, we described 35 patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis who had periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. twenty two out of these had features similar to LPSP. The remaining 13 were younger, had an almost similar male to female distribution and were histologically characterized by a neutrophilic infiltrate associated with duct destruction and obliteration [25], similar to those described from Europe [24, 26]. This form of inflammation was termed idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis (IDCP); the neutrophilic lesion was eventually termed granulocyte epithelial lesion (GEL) and is now well described as the histologic hallmark of IDCP [27]. Over the coming few years, as characteristics of patients with IDCP got better defined, it was established as a distinct type of autoimmune pancreatitis (Type 2 AIP), characterized mainly by a younger age at presentation, the absence of extrapancreatic involvement, lack of association with elevated IgG4 elevation and its association with inflammatory Autoimmune Pancreatitis


Recent global amphibian declines have created an urgent need to monitor their populations. Anuran calling surveys are a widely used and accepted monitoring technique; however, habitat and weather variables influence anuran breeding distribution and timing and need to be considered when establishing monitoring efforts. The effects of both habitat and weather variables on detection probabilities and site occupancy estimates of winter- breeding anurans were studied in the western Piedmont of North Carolina. Calling surveys were conducted at 27 ponds in Mecklenburg County, NC and the program PRESENCE was used to evaluate how anuran detectability and site occupancy estimates were influenced by habitat type and weather variables. The best-fit model for each of the three species observed was determined. Upland chorus frog (Pseudacris feriarum) calling activity was best predicted by distance to nearest road and air temperature, spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) calling activity was best predicted by precipitation, and southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) calling activity was best predicted by day of the year. Our results indicate that species' calling activities vary greatly in their associations with different habitat and weather variables. Models that incorporate these variables to describe anuran calling behavior can be used by monitoring programs to design species-specific survey protocols.


We simulate pulse shaping of bright–dark vector soliton pair in an optical fiber system. Through changing input pulse parameters (amplitude ratio, projection angle, time delay, and phase difference), different kinds of pulse shapes and spectra can be generated. For input bright–dark vector soliton pair with the same central wavelength, "2+1"- and "2+2"-type pseudo-high-order bright–dark vector soliton pairs are achieved. While for the case of different central wavelengths, bright–dark vector soliton pairs with multiple pulse peaks/dips are demonstrated with appropriate pulse parameter setting.


This paper describes the features and applications of an active 3D automobile driving training simulator. It discusses the system architecture of the simulator, the 3D modeling, and the artificial intelligence technology that is used.


Conditioning is the generally agreed-upon method for updating a priori knowledge representable by a probability distribution when one learns that an event is certainly true. When one learns that the observation is uncertain, the rule of cross-entropy minimization can be used to handle the updating of a priori probability distribution. This paper examines how to update a priori knowledge which is representable by a random set, when one learns that the observation is representable by another random set. In order to resolve this problem, firstly, for each a priori probability distribution, a conditioning rule to define a posterior probability distribution conditioned on the observed random set is derived from the rule of cross-entropy minimization, this conditioning rule is called as the generalized Jeffrey's rule in this paper. The derived posterior probability is compatible with the observed random set and 'close' to the original priori probability distribution. Secondly, based on the general Jeffrey's rule, a new belief measure conditioned on random set is derived and its relationship with the knowledge updating is discussed. At last, the convergence of the sequence of probability distributions by applying the generalized Jeffrey's rule is discussed in this paper.


OBJECTIVE To study the effects of polymers on insoluble drugs in solubilization technique and to provide the reference for the practical application.METHODS On the base of extensive literature all over the world,the effects of polymers on the release of insoluble drugs were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS Preparation method,dosage of polymers and type of polymers had a certain impact on the release mechanism of insoluble drugs.CONCLUSION Polymers on the release of insoluble drugs have a great impact.


This subject guide is designed to provide information on the history of the LGBTQIA+ community within the state of California for current and future educators to incorporate into their curriculum. This page is intended to outline the FAIR Education Act and related resources.


Building renovation presents real challenges for project participants which frequently generate high cost and schedule overruns. The disruption caused to occupants is one of the main challenges for the planning and management of renovation works. To better manage occupant interference and enable the acceleration of renovation works, this study aims to develop a novel framework for the assessment and optimisation of renovation strategies using BIM. The concept of disruption is formalised through a renovation ontology using the UML language. To enable process automation, the renovation ontology is then populated, and knowledge related to renovation tasks, constraints, duration, cost, equipment, and disruption are captured, structured and validated with industry partners. A digital tool and a set of Key Performance Indicators are also developed so as to facilitate the identification, assessment and optimisation of renovation scenarios in terms of cost, project duration and disruptive potential. Using a step-by-step process, detailed descriptions of the methodologies and workflows of the proposed framework are finally provided and demonstrated on a live case study located in Greece.
The findings show no spatial correlation exist for the disruption concept and also confirm the disruptive nature of building floor renovation which can lead to a low rate of retrofitting them. Furthermore, the findings question the general applicability of the Whiteman et al.'s heuristic suggesting to prioritise the planning and execution of the most disruptive renovation activities as early as possible in the renovation process, and of the preference of Fawcett for a one-off renovation strategy recommending to conduct renovation works in one go as quickly as possible. Ultimately, the TEA framework will be further demonstrated and tested by end-users on three additional European case studies within the RINNO project which will particularly help validating the added value and benefits of the TEA framework from a user perspective.


Abstract Depths of carbonation on specimens of concretes aged for up to 10 years are compared. Both good and poor curing conditions, with either indoor or outdoor exposure are considered. It is demonstrated that the carbonation depth is related systematically to the standard cube strength in dense concretes containing up to and including 40% replacement of Portland cement by pulverized fuel ash (PFA) or up to and including 60% by ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) or ground pelletized blast furnace slag (GPBFS). The main implications of these findings to methods of specifying concrete (BS 5328: 1981) are that designed mixes may give higher rates of carbonation for low-heat Portland blast furnace cement, but not for other permitted cement replacements, and that prescribed mixes will usually give higher rates if Portland cement is partially replaced by any permitted quantity of cement replacement. Depths of carbonation in concrete containing porous aggregate are more closely related to total water...


This paper describes several methods based on the analysis of transmission channel and the characteristic of the OFDM signal used in mobile digital TV, and also discusses the advantages, disadvantages and applications.


Dimensions of social capital: relationships and reliance in the furniture industry companies comparison of small business and corporation. The article is the third part of the series concerning the dimensions of social capital within the organization. The paper includes the comparative analysis of the data received on the basis of the two stages of research: pilot research conducted in 2013 and the main research conducted in a large enterprise in 2014. The subject of the comparison are the opinions of the employees working for a corporation and opinions of people employed in a small business enterprise. According to the rule that social environments gathering not many members are different from the social environments in large enterprises, the differences between the respondents were presented during the research.


Michael Smith-Wheelock, MD, a comprehensive ophthalmologist specializing in cataract surgery at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, makes his escape from the hectic pace of teaching and practicing ophthalmology on two wheels. Dr. Smith-Wheelock said he savors the quiet time he spends on his bike.


A new boundary element method is presented for steady incompressible flow at moderate and high Reynolds numbers. The whole domain is discretized into a number of eight-noded cells, for each of which the governing boundary integral equation is formulated exclusively in terms of velocities and tractions. The kernels used in this paper are the fundamental solutions of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations with artificial compressibility. Significant attention is given to the numerical evaluation of the integrals over quadratic boundary elements as well as over quadratic quadrilateral volume cells in order to ensure a high accuracy level at high Reynolds numbers. As an illustration, square driven cavity flows are considered for Reynolds numbers up to 1000. Numerical results demonstrate both the high convergence rate, even when using simple (direct) iterations, and the appropriate level of accuracy of the proposed method. Although the method yields a high level of accuracy in the primary vortex region, the secondary vortices are not properly resolved.


The utility model provides a coil connection structure which comprises a coil bracket and a positioning sheet arranged on a valve body, wherein the positioning sheet is provided with a plurality of first positioning parts; the coil bracket is provided with a plurality of second positioning parts; the first positioning parts and the second positioning parts are fixedly connected with each other and are respectively distributed on both sides of the valve body. The utility model also discloses an electronic expansion valve comprising the coil connection structure. The coil connection structure and the electronic expansion valve has simple and reliable implementation of positioning mode, low fabrication cost and high efficiency, and overcomes the problem that the coil connection structure in prior art affects the system regulation accuracy and reduces the comfort level of the air-conditioner.


The formation of carbon-based mixed materials is unavoidable on the plasma-facing components (e.g. first wall and divertor) of fusion devices when carbon is used together with other materials. On the surfaces of these components very different conditions with respect to particle and energy impact occur. To predict the mixed material formation under these conditions the precise knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms governing these interactions is essential. In this paper we present the results of carbon interaction with titanium and silicon, as model substances for metallic and covalent carbides, during thermal treatment. To perform basic studies of the reactions of carbon with different elements, thin carbon films are produced by electron beam evaporation on the different substrates under UHV conditions. All measurements for chemical analysis are performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We discuss first the properties of the deposited carbon films. The carbon films are characterized on inert gold surfaces and are compared to bulk graphite. Annealing of the carbon films up to 970 K leads to a transition from a disordered carbon network into a graphitic structure. Preparation of carbon films at room temperature on titanium or silicon leads to a limited carbide formation at the carbon/substrate interface. Carbon deposited in excess of several monolayers is present in elementary form. Annealing of the samples leads to complete carbidization consuming the available carbon in both cases. Titanium reacts to TiC and additional substoichiometric carbide, silicon forms SiC with exact stoichiometry.


Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine the possible phytoconstituents identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of an ethanolic leaves extract of Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton.Methods: The extraction of E. cardamomum was done by cold solvent extraction system at room temperature. GC-MS analysis of lyophilized ethanolic leaves extract of plant samples was carried out by GC-MS-GC Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer. Results: In E. cardamomum, 21 phytochemicals were identified among which retinal, 9-cis-showed the highest area (44.86%) and benzeneethanamine, α-methyl- showed the lowest area (0.12%). The major compounds identified were retinal, 9-cis-, 1-heptatriacotanol, phytol, n-hexadecanoic acid, naphthalene,decahydro-1,1,4atrimethyl-6-methylene-5-(3-methyl-2-4-pentadienyl)-[4aS-(4aα,5α,8aα)]-, β-pinene, 2H-pytan-3-ol,6- ethenyltetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-and cyclopropane, trimethanol, (2-methyl-1-propanylidene).Conclusion: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbon alkane, ester, terpenes, phenolic compounds, steroids, and fatty acids in E. cardamomum. These active phytoconstituents contribute to the medicinal efficacy of the plant, and the plant can be used for the sourcing of these compounds.


E-learning has its difficulties, but it is still a strongly growing area in education and training. Both public and private organizations use it extensively. Technophobia is a growing problem with continuously increasing technology around us. While more and more teaching is given through different technological equipment, more troubles the people feeling negatively towards them will have. Frustration and anxiety are known to be part of the computer user's life; almost all of the users at some point feel themselves frustrated. Frustration causes people to withdraw from the frustrating situation and make them not to go through again the frustrating situation. This causes problems in e-learning when students don't want to continue learning in frustrating environment and makes them to be afraid or reluctant towards the computer


We theoretically study the generation of mid-infrared light through difference-frequency excitation using a single dual-wavelength coherent femtosecond laser source. The difference-frequency wave is generated from the surface of a thin gold film in the Kretschmann coupling geometry due to the surface nonlinearity of the film. We show a clear enhancement of the difference-frequency wave around the surface plasmon polariton coupling angle of the incident fundamental wave. We also show an enormous shift and modification of the difference-frequency spectrum near surface plasmon resonance. We discuss the discovered spectral change dependence on the source pulse duration and incidence angle of the fundamental wave. Our findings have an enormous potential for use in difference-frequency surface sensing and spectroscopy applications.


This paper introduces the EpiDoc corpus of inscriptions on stone for ancient Sicily, I.Sicily. The project is one of the first attempts to generate a substantial regional corpus in EpiDoc. The project is confronting a number of challenges that may be of wider interest to the digital epigraphy community, including those of unique identifiers, linked data, museum collections, mapping, and data conversion and integration, and these are briefly outlined in the paper.


Since some years, a lot of integrated firms management software packages exist on the market. The principle of those information systems is to manage all the firm's functions by data-processing transactions. They were recently replaced by software packages called "ERP" : Enterprise Resource Planning. Are these software packages in accordance with firms' needs ? Are they better adaptable to the distinctive features of each organization ? Were the first experiences described in the article useful to define information systems more harmoniously integrated on physical flows and on firms management interfaces ? Today, the pressure of time, new stake of industrial and commercial organizations, makes essential the delays management. Are the ERP perfectly prepared to that ? The article shows that the choice of integrated software packages is still a difficult and risky deal and proposes that software packages be chosen according to the typology of physical flows. (1) ERP : Enterprise Resources Planning


A novel, simplified use of graphics for analyzing the profit-maximizing firm is explained and illustrated. The focus is on marginal analysis and its analytical power.


Abstract This paper presents a robust controller for the exhaust durability test that enables precise tracking of the vibration profiles against parameter variations. First, the dynamics between the hydraulic actuator input and the acceleration on the exhaust pipe are unravelled via a nonparametric system identification method to establish the baseline system behaviour. Next, the physics-based modelling leads to a parametric model whose dynamics match those of the nonparametric one under various conditions and, as a result, provide a clue for the root causes of the parameter variations. The structured uncertainties arising from the parameter variations naturally call for a robust control design methodology based on the μ-synthesis. The extensive validation tests show that the proposed robust control system clearly delivers the desired performance of tracking vibration profiles during the exhaust durability test while overcoming parameter variations.


This study aims to see the effect of work environment on job satisfaction in financing company employees in Ambon city with work relationship as a mediating variable. This is a quantitative study, involving 100 employees of 5 finance companies in Ambon city as respondents. This study is using partial least square, results show that work environment and work relationships have a significant effect on job satisfaction and work environment has a significant effect on work relationships among finance company employees in Ambon city.


The present invention is a multi-chamber two-way center channel speaker for an audio system which has four stereo surround sound channels including a right front channel, a left front channel, a rear surround channel and a center channel. The preferred embodiment of the present invention center channel speaker comprises a VCR shaped cabinet having three parallel interior chambers including a front chamber, a middle and a rear chamber, all interconnected by offset openings. A tweeter and two midranges are installed in the front chamber. The rear chamber is vented through a rear opening. The volumes of the three chambers are expanded. This design and construction makes the three interconnected chambers a bass-reflex enclosure having gradually expanded volume for amplifying the backload of the two midranges. Therefore while the tweeter and the two midranges produce high and mid-frequency center channel dialogue sound effects of the audio system, the interconnected front, middle and rear chambers amplify the backload of the midranges to produce deep, rich, open and airy center channel sound effects of the audio system.


We assess the actual relevance of Robbins' paper 'On the elasticity of Demand for Income in terms of Effort' to the theory of work supply. First, we show that the paper is the first application of income and substitution effects to this branch of economic research. Next, we analyse Robbins' economic terminology, especially his definition of work. We find that the concept of work he uses could seem vague as he may be considering both the length and intensity dimensions of this activity. To verify this possibility, we formally reassess Robbins' original proposal by introducing this wider definition of work into the mathematical framework he proposes. The resulting model shows that this reading (i) is compatible with his diagrammatic analysis; (ii) clarifies the meaning of the other vague economic concepts the author uses; and (iii) illuminates his verbal explanations. Additionally, we derive all the relevant results of both the income-leisure and the more recent effort-extraction models from this Robbinsian model of work supply. This last outcome allows us to state that Robbins' model comprises current theories of work supply.


The birth defect known as myelomeningocele has received a great deal of attention in medical circles during the past several years. With more aggressive early surgical treatment survival has increased. A method for urological evaluation and followup of children with myelomeningocele has evolved independently at several institutions where large numbers of patients are seen. The various plans have great similarity and it is felt that because of this a minimal standard plan for a urological evaluation and surveillance could be recommended to all physicians caring for these patients. The team approach is probably the best way to manage this very complex problem; however, evaluation may be done on a smaller scale and the plan that is outlined here can certainly be carried out in any up-to-date institution regardless of size. On initially seeing the patient born with myelomeningocele (hopefully shortly after birth) a complete blood count, baseline blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine are obtained, along with a urinalysis and urine for culture and sensitivity. The urine is obtained by one of three methods: namely clean-catch, use of a catheter, or suprapubic aspiration. No one method is advocated as being ideal; it is felt best to adapt the technique to the particular child. A high-dose intravenous pyelogram is accomplished with as few films as possible. It is often possible to do this study in conjunction with orthopedic or neurosurgical studies. Cystograms may be done but are not advised as routine. The information gained from careful inspection of the intravenous pyelogram may be all that is needed to correctly evaluate any damage and whether or not reflux exists. It is unfortunate to risk infection by catheterizing a normal urinary bladder if this can be avoided. Cystograms should be done only when the information to be obtained outweighs the risk of infecting a previously sterile urinary tract. Where urinary tract infections and!or hydroureteronephrosis are a prominent feature of the clinical course, a cystogram is advised to further define the problem and plan treatment. Following the initial evaluation, further testing is recommended as follows: If the intravenous pyelogram, urinalysis, and!or urine culture are normal, an intravenous pyelogram should be done every year and a urinalysis every six months, as minimal follow-up until age 3. Between age 3 and adolescence an intravenous pyelogram might be done every other year to reduce radiation and cost. If any of these tests are abnormal, the intravenous pyelogram should be done every six months and a urinalysis monthly. Clinical conditions (i.e., persistent infection, presence of known reflux, infancy) may warrant that these tests be done more frequently. Following a urinary diversion, an intravenous pyelogram should be carried out approximately eight weeks postoperatively, again at six months, and from then on at yearly intervals, assuming that the patient is doing well and more frequently if there is clinical indication. For an ileal conduit, it is recommended that catheterization of the stoma be carried out at eight weeks, six months, and then on a yearly basis following surgery. This is done to measure residual urine and to obtain a specimen of urine for culture and sensitivity. A brief note should be made regarding other tests whose value have not yet been definitely substantiated, such as the CO2 cystometrogram. The measurement of creatinine clearance has


Excellent Learning Support Service(LSS) in open and distance education is crucial for students to resolve conflicts between their learning and career,and successfully complete their study.Based on data analyses of dormant students in Guangzhou Radio TV university,this research attempts to identify their characteristics and difficulties,in order to enhance LSS and effectively help them overcome their obstacles in their self learning.


Grain boundary (GB) segregation can markedly improve the stability of nanostructured alloys, where the fraction of GB sites is inherently large. Here, we explore the concept of entropically supported GB segregation in alloys with a tendency to phase-separate and its role in stabilizing nanostructures therein. These duplex nanocrystalline alloys are notably different, both in a structural and thermodynamic sense, from the previously studied "classical" nanocrystalline alloys, which are solid solutions with GB segregation of solute. Experiments are conducted on the W–Cr system, in which nanoduplex structures are expected. Upon heating ball-milled W–15 at.% Cr up to 950 °C, a nanoscale Cr-rich phase was found along the GBs. These precipitates mostly dissolved into the W-rich grains leaving behind Cr-enriched GBs upon further heating to 1400 °C. The presence of Cr-rich nanoprecipitates and GB segregation of Cr is in line with prediction from our Monte Carlo simulation when GB states are incorporated into the alloy thermodynamics.


Preparation and properties of cadmium telluride thin films for use in solar cells are studied. CdTe sputter deposition, crystal doping, and carrier typing are discussed. Future experimental plans are described. (WHK)


We have developed several distinct model systems of microtubule-based 3D active isotropic fluids and have compared their dynamical and structural properties. The non-equilibrium dynamics of these fluids is powered by three different types of kinesin motors: a processive motor, a non-processive motor, and a motor which is permanently linked to a microtubule backbone. The fourth modification uses specific microtubule crosslinkers to induce bundle formation instead of a non-specific depletant. In comparison to the formerly developed systems, each new active fluid formulation has certain enhanced properties. Firstly, linking motors to the microtubule backbone enhances the fluid lifetime from hours to several days. Furthermore, switching to the non-processive motors significantly increases the temporal stability of the active dynamics, while using specific cross-linkers yields systems that can incorporate other passive soft materials, such as, polymer gels or liquid crystals. These novel developed model systems will significantly aid and improve our ability to quantify diverse phenomena observed in microtubule based active matter.


Impressive reductions in injury rate were achieved in a cooperative program that included industrial human factors. The other players in the program include the medical department nurses, the safety engineers, production engineers, supervisors and production workers. The explanation offered for the program's apparent success is that responsibility and accountability for industrial human factors improvement is distributed among the various departments involved.


ObjectiveTo determine the relative cost-effectiveness of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) and surgical tracheostomy (ST) in critically ill patients. DesignProspective randomized study. SettingMedical, surgical, and coronary intensive care units at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a tertiary care medical center. PatientsEighty critically ill mechanically ventilated patients requiring elective tracheostomy. InterventionsRandomization to either PDT performed in the intensive care unit or ST performed in the operating room. Measurements and Main Results Treatment groups were well matched with respect to age (PDT, 65.44 ± 2.82 [mean ± se] years; ST, 61.4 ± 2.89 years, p = Ns), gender (PDT, 45% males; ST, 47.5% males, p = NS), severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score: PDT, 16.87 ± 0.84; ST, 17.88 ± 0.92, p = NS), and principle diagnosis. PDT was performed more quickly (PDT, 20.1 ± 2.0 mins; ST, 41.7 ± 3.9 mins, p < .0001) and was associated with lower patient charges than ST (total patient charges: PDT, $1,569 ± $157 vs. ST, $3,172 ± $114; equipment/supply charges: PDT, $688 ± $103 vs. ST, $1,526 ± $87; professional charges: PDT, $880 ± $ 54 vs. ST, $1,647 ± $50;p < .0001 for all). There were no differences in days intubated before tracheostomy (PDT, 12.7 ± 1.1 days; ST, 15.6 ± 1.9, p = .20), intensive care unit length of stay (PDT, 24.5 ± 2.5 days; ST, 28.5 ± 3.1 days, p = .33), or hospital length of stay (PDT 49.7 ± 4.2 days; ST, 43.7 ± 3.5 days, p = .28) when we compared these two techniques. ConclusionsPDT is a cost-effective alternative to ST. The reduction in patient charges associated with PDT in this study resulted from the procedure being performed in the intensive care unit, thus eliminating the need for operating room facilities and personnel. PDT may become the procedure of choice for electively establishing tracheostomy in the appropriately selected patient who requires long-term mechanical ventilation.


Preface Acknowledgements 1. Time-Use: Strategic Value from a Ubiquitous Resource 2. Demystifying Time-Use Collection 3. Directions of Analysis and Their Implications 4. Studying "Hidden" Groups through Behavioral Sampling 5. Bridging the Gap between Qualitative and Quantitative: The Experience of Gender in Everyday Life 6. Patterning in Everyday Life: Episode Occurrences and Sequences 7. Patterns beneath the Surface: The Texture of Multitasking 8. Social Contact and Family Dynamics in Temporal Perspective 9. Behavioral Implications of Built Environments 10.Exposure to Risk


In this paper, analysis results of household water consumption are presented for each component. The water use components are metered by classifying into toilet, washbowl, bathing, laundry, kitchen, etc. in each residential type, such as apartment, multi-household, tenement house and individual house. The data are collected by web-based data collection system from 145 sampling sites in Korea for 2 years from the year 2003 to 2004, considering occupation, revenue, family members, housing types, age, floor area, water saving devices, education, etc. Reliable data are selected by frequency analysis for each observed water use component and statistical characteristics are estimated for each residential type to determine liter per capita per day. Estimated household water consumption per capita day show an indoor water use with the range from 141 L/day to 164 L/day for each housing type with the order of apartment, multi-household, tenement house and individual house. As the order of consuming amount among water use components, it is investigated that bathing is the first, and the second is toilet water, the third is laundry, and the next is kitchen. The results are compares with other countries' water use for each component for the validity of estimated waster use. The effect of life-style and residential types on water use has had a marked impact on household occupancy levels with the rate of economic development, particularly in the more urbanized areas. This paper was presented at the 8th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium which was held with the generous support of Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF).


Low power data management is an approach that distribute the supply power on the various modules in the chip, following certain algorithms such as dynamic voltage sharing (DVS), single input multiple data (SIMD) among others with a coil-less circuit design. The key factors for reducing the power and enhancing the efficiency is attributed to the lower feeding power supply, high device mobility for low power consumption, the device size, and the architecture used in the design. Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistors (GNRFET) based Buck and Boost converters were designed for single input/multiple outputs conversion. The design features very high efficiency that exceeds 90% at very high frequencies. The input was 0.7V with outputs of 0.35V and 1.4V for buck and boost converters respectively. The design gains from the high mobility feature of the nano scale GNRFET devices, and the low supply power applied to the various modules in the chip. A 10nm scale channel device with 4 ribbons were considered, and the switch capacitor (SC) approach was utilized. The study of the transient analysis, the static power, dynamic power, and ripple voltages at different design constraints were investigated versus the conversion parameters including the frequency, load, and duty cycles. The efficiency at a high load was estimated to be near 97%, while at low load and lower switching frequencies, the efficiency was estimated to be near 85%.


I agree with Steenland's general remarks on my discussion of Hammer's paper, except for a clarification of my comment on the Nyquist topic.


ue to the development of digital television and the arrival of new platforms, the institutions of the Spanish audio-visual sector had to develop new communication strategies for their brands. Among the communication channels they can use, social networks occupy a prominent place.
This paper examines the case of La casa de papel. It analyses the communication of Atresmedia, Netflix Espana and Vancouver Media in their corporate and the program accounts on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. The study period includes two weeks before and after the launch of the third season of this series on July 19, 2019.
With a total of 748 tweets, we show that the communication of the brand La casa de papel in social networks made by Atresmedia, Netflix Spain and Vancouver Media is different in the number of publications, use of resources and the role of the corporate brand.


A high-quality basic semen analysis represents one cornerstone in the investigation of the infertile couple. However, the clinical value of traditional semen parameters in the diagnosis of male fertility is the subject of considerable debate. Some authorities clearly hold the view that apart from a diagnosis of azoospermia (or very severe oligozoospermia), a basic semen assessment is of little clinical value. A recent example of this is reflected by the opinion of McDonough (1997, p. 587), who wrote: "traditional sperm analysis as a clinical test may become nothing more than an ancestral heirloom. It may be performed spasmodically by those who know how to do it, like a 1940 airshow or laparotomy, to remind us of the good old days. We have come to the end of something. Surely someone will want to carve a headstone for traditional sperm analysis or perhaps a mausoleum would be more fitting." Is this a correct view? Well, it does have some merit. For example, the diagnosis of an abnormal or normal semen sample according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (1992) is somewhat artificial, and this dichotomy is of limited diagnostic value. It is well documented that a significant proportion of fertile men are diagnosed as abnormal if such criteria, i.e., WHO (1992), are used (Ombelet et al, 1997). The question that needs to be asked is the following: what is the clinical value of


Stroke leads to significant physical disability, and it is one of the greatest therapeutic treatment challenges. With the increase in the cases of stroke or functional disabilities, robotic training therapy has significant roles in the restoration of the functional recovery. This study presents the design and control of a novel rehabilitation robotic exoskeleton for the upper limb therapy which aims to present a solution for physiotherapy exercises with 5 degree-of-freedom. It can provide a full range of motion exercises for shoulder (adduction/ abduction), elbow (flexion/extension), forearm (pronation/ supination) and for the wrist joint (flexion/ extension) and (adduction/abduction) movements. This paper describes the designed steps that are specifically required to carry out joints position and torque control for passive training therapy mode for different physical disability impairment. A prototype of this robotic device system has been developed and validated. The torque tracking assistance of the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller with integral action has been implemented under the independent joint control paradigm and experimentally tested on two active shoulder and elbow joints of a 5-DOF robot prototype. The prototype has been validated by experiments with the elbow flexion/ extension and abduction/ adduction of the shoulder passive training modes. The controller is successful in providing excellent performance with 0.011Nm and 0.1999Nm RMS torque tracking errors for the elbow and shoulder, respectively.


The paper analyzes the current situations of safety management in iron and steel corporations between China and Europe. Advanced safety management experiences and concepts of European iron and steel corporations are introduced and discussed, including organizations and modes of safety management in corporations, effective deployments of safety managers, advanced concepts and methods of safety management, safety targets and performance, safety managements by guilds in Europe, etc. Some suggestions are proposed to improve the level of safety managements for Chinese companies in management concepts, development of science and technology, propagandizing and education, managers, duty and appraisement, fire protection and first aid resources, management of cooperative employees, safety informatization etc..


This preliminary research study examines women farmers on Instagram who use the hashtag #womenwhofarm. We investigate the emotional valence of these posts using a multimodal analysis of both text and images. Previous research has found a positivity bias on Instagram, wherein users predominantly express themselves with a positive emotional tone. Using open-ended coding of 651 Instagram posts, this study finds that women farmers use mostly neutral emotional tonality in their images and text content. The study points to a need for disambiguation between different affective terminology in research on emotions in social media and highlights the need for continued theorization on the relationship between images and emotions.


Abstract : A new slow burning smoke composition, developed for the Marker Marine No.4 Mk. 1, is discussed against the background of the older phosphorus compositions. The chemical reaction on which it is based is shawn to differ from that previously reported.


The number of cervical vertebrae varied with the length of the neck and provided increased flexibility to the neck region thereby enabling many birds with immobile eyes to rotate their head and to focus on objects which are close to or far away. The highly flexible neck facilitated by the saddle shaped articular surface of the bodies, plays an important role in pruning and eye sight. The great degree of movement exhibited by the atlantooccipital joint enables the beak to perform wide varieties of tasks. The present study on the gross morphological features of the cervical vertebrae of emu was undertaken due to the paucity of studies in this regard.


We study the extreme points of the unit ball of a Banach space that remain extreme when considered, under canonical embedding, in the unit ball of the bidual. We give an example of a strictly convex space whose unit vectors are extreme points in the unit ball of the second dual but none are extreme points in the unit ball of the fourth dual. For the space of vector- valued continuous functions on a compact set we show that any function whose values are weak £ -extreme points is a weak £ -extreme point . We explore the relation between weak £ -extreme points and the dual notion of very smooth points. We show that if a Banach space X has a very smooth point in every equivalent norm then X £ has the Radon-NikodEym property.


[Objective] To explore the correlation of the common TCM syndromes in population with sub-health of fatigue and iris images.[Methods] The iris images in population with sub-health of fatigue were collected by LG-D1 iris detector of Shang gong rui tai.Then the iris images were analyzed in accordance with iris positioned map and relative theory.The TCM symptoms of population with sub-health of fatigue were collected through the scale evaluation about TCM four physical examinations information.The patients were divided into each syndrome type according to their symptoms by two doctors.[Results] There were correlations between 16 common TCM syndromes in population with sub-health of fatigue and iris images.It showed positive correlation between liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome and tighten collarette contour,intestines ring stenosis.It showed positive correlation between liver-qi stagnation syndrome and sodium ring,and negative correlation between liver-qi stagnation syndrome and skin metabolism ring.It showed negative correlation between the flaring of liver fire syndrome and pressure ring.It showed positive correlation between disordered liver and stomach syndrome and debility collarette contour,connective tissue type,and negative correlation between the disordered liver and stomach syndrome and colour-heavy intestines ring,anxious type.It showed positive correlation between damp obstruction due to spleen deficiency syndrome and neurogenic type.It showed positive correlation between deficiency of both heart and spleen syndrome and overlarge pupil,blue ring.It showed positive correlation between yin deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome and overlarge pupil.It showed positive correlation between yang deficiency of spleen and kidney syndrome and pigmentation,sodium ring.It showed positive correlation between disturbance of phlegm-heat syndrome and overlarge pupil.It showed negative correlation between qi deficiency of lung and spleen and acidity stimulation ring.It showed positive correlation between stagnation of pathogenic dampness and heat of spleen syndrome and tighten collarette contour,thin and misty collarette contour.It showed positive correlation between qi deficiency of spleen and pressure ring.It showed positive correlation between stagnation of pathogenic dampness and heat syndrome and polymorphic glands type,connective tissue type,and negative correlation between stagnation of pathogenic dampness and heat syndrome and anxious type.It showed positive correlation between qi deficiency of lung and thin and misty collarette contour.It showed negative correlation between yang deficiency of kidney and abnormal stomach ring.It showed positive correlation between qi and yin deficiency syndrome and debility collarette contour,and negative correlation between qi and yin deficiency syndrome and aging arc.[Conclusion] There are some correlations between common TCM syndromes in population with sub-health of fatigue and the iris images.It may provide the evidence basis for the further study on TCM syndromes and the iris images.


Microelectrode arrays in-vitro provide methods down to cellular level by micromation and integration.By now quantified evaluating analysis for electrode surface treatment is lacked and should be applied.In this respect,electrical properties of microarrays were analyzed by Monte-Carlo statistical model to demonstrate the surface immobilized effects.Different 2D and 3D models of nanoparticle-deposition were applied for single/multi-layer on gold-disk-electrodes to analyze coupling efficiency with different size dispersity(50 nm~500 nm).Results showed that nanoparticles with dispersity in one magnitude were effective in increasing availability of electrode surface attachment,so as to improve the rate of combining cell-electrode repeatability.The relative AC impedance results also proved the deposition of platinum nanoparticles was beneficial for lower electrode body impedance and better surface activation treatment.Thus,Monte-Carlo quantitative assessment of surface treatment technology is useful to the establishment of high-throughput platform based on the experimental biology,computational biology and information processing by this combination of research methods.


1report data from a repeat cross-sectional study of vaccine-eligible women attending family planning clinics before and after quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction in Australia. The investigators previously reported declines in the prevalence of vaccine-targeted HPV types (HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18) in the period after the introduction of the vaccine using data from earlier years of this study. 2 In the present analysis, they confi rmed earlier fi ndings and also investigated herd eff ects of HPV vaccination and crossprotection against non-vaccinetargeted HPV types. Compared with the prevaccine period, Tabrizi and colleagues reported a signifi cant decline in the prevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 in the postvaccine period (77%), including a 92% decline in vaccinated women (from 28·7% to 2·3%) and a 35% decline in those who were not vaccinated (from 28·7% to 18·8%).


Background: Skin cancer can quickly become fatal. An examination and biopsy of dermoscopic pictures are required to determine if skin cancer is malignant or benign. However, these examinations can be costly.
Objective: In this research, we proposed deep learning (DL)-based approach to identify a melanoma, the most dangerous kind of skin cancer. DL is particularly excellent in learning traits and predicting cancer. However, DL requires a vast number of images.
Method: We used image augmentation and transferring learning to categorise images into benign and malignant. We used the public ISIC 2020 database to train and test our models. The ISIC 2020 dataset classifies melanoma as malignant. Along with the categorization, the dataset was examined for variation. The training and validation accuracy of three of the best pre-trained models were compared. To minimise the loss, three optimizers were used: RMSProp, SGD, and ADAM.
Results: We attained training accuracy of 98.73%, 99.12%, and 99.76% using ResNet, VGG16, and MobileNetV2, respectively. We achieved a validation accuracy of 98.39% using these three pre-trained models.
Conclusion: The validation accuracy of 98.39% outperforms the prior pre-trained model. The findings of this study can be applied in medical science to help physicians diagnose skin cancer early and save lives.

Keywords: Deep Learning, ISIC 2020, Pre-trained Model, Skin Cancer, Transfer Learning


Organisations operate in an environment that is dynamic and in which increased competition and new legislation are just a few examples of changes that the organisation has to deal with. This article explores how an organisation can deal with these rapid changes by looking at how the organisation handled changes in the past. This study uses the Contextually Based Human Resource Theory by Paauwe (1994) to do a force field analysis of ING within the Netherlands, one of the largest financial institutions worldwide. Two contextual dimensions and an organisations administrative heritage relate to strategic choices made about HRM within the firm. Developments in HR literature, and the influence of these developments on the HR function within ING in the Netherlands, are also studied. Data are collected through a literature study, document analysis and 18 interviews. It can be concluded that it is important for ING to create a historical awareness. By learning from events happened in the past, organisations can create an institutional memory, which they can use to handle issues in the future.


Machine vision system is an image-based technology used to perform automatic inspection and analysis such as process control and robot guidance. The aim for this project is to develop a fully automated electrode wear detection system in EDM by using machine vision system and apply this system in detecting electrode wear in EDM. This project was conducted using DSLR camera as monitoring device. The electrode undergo hole making process with a depth of 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm to observe the electrode condition. The image of the electrode will be remotely captured from the laptop and then will undergo image processing process using Matlab software to calculate and determine the electrode wear. The output of this project will show the images of the electrode wear and its wear value. Findings from the project showed that this system is suitable and applicable in EDM super drill machine to monitor the tool condition.


Motion can be used to reduce the ambiguity inherent in inverting the projection of a scene having three spatial and one temporal continuous dimensions onto an image having two spatial and one temporal discrete dimensions. The problems most current dynamic scene analysis algorithms face are (1) being inundated by data, or (2) requiring excessive precision in the data, or (3) having a bias toward two or three frame analysis rather than an open-ended analysis. Additionally, techniques providing information for object and motion identification, such as most dynamic vision algorithms, must not generate incorrect or falsely precise results.
This dissertation describes two algorithms for dynamic vision. One, a solution to the correspondence problem (matching points across frames), makes use of constraint satisfaction incorporating a range in motion parameter estimates. A trajectory is hypothesized for a single point's motion. This trajectory allows for significant changes in motion parameters, describing the distinctly different motions a point may undergo at different times. A correspondence is drawn from the set of hypothesized trajectories. The second algorithm constructs a map of relative depth order from the sense of occlusion and the sign of motion in depth. The depth order can be projected forward in time using rules derived from qualitative mathematics. Some surfaces, having no instantaneous local depth ordering information between them, can be ordered using these rules and transitivity of depth. These algorithms are demonstrated on simple synthetic and on animated cartoon data.
These two algorithms have several features in common. They use protracted frame sequences. They are considerably tolerant to noisy and incorrect data. They do not calculate falsely precise answers: the correspondence algorithm uses numerical ranges for motion parameters and can provide multiple correspondences, the relative depths algorithm does ordinal rather than ratio measurement. Each temporal datum can add support for or can add information to the result. Incorrect data are accommodated. The correspondence algorithm accomplishes this by indicating a spurious event in the trajectory; the relative depth map construction algorithm accomplishes this by limiting the inferences on inconsistent relations. Both are demonstrated to be calculable from the greylevel data.


Abstract The goal of this work is to adapt a nonreflecting outlet boundary condition, derived from a wave equation, to the numerical solution of the full incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, for an elliptic unsteady free shear flow. The numerical results show that a significant improvement is achieved with this nonreflecting boundary condition, in comparison with the results obtained by using free boundary layer type conditions. The physical phenomena studied concern the onset of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the free (non-forced) shear layer and certain 2D characteristics of transition towards turbulence. These phenomena are simulated naturally, without imposing perturbations. The frequency of the organized vortices and the spread of the mixing layer are correctly predicted. The performances of the method are shown through comparison with the physical experiments. Owing to the nonreflecting boundary conditions, the feedback noises are inhibited effectively, so that the computation domain can be reduced and the dynamic characteristics of the flow are maintained up clearly to the outlet boundary.


The direct adaptive fuzzy control is applied to the electrode regulator systems of arc furnace.The detailed design procedure of the controller is presented,and the parameter adaptive law is obtained.The results of simulation show that this proposed control can restrain the external disturbances,and obtain much better dynamic and static characteristics.


A separator is described which removes magnetic particles from the mixed feed material in addition to separating metals from non-metals. The application of this separator to automobile scrap processing is discussed.


This article examines audience engagement with The Hobbit fantasy film trilogy as a participatory and transmedial experience. To do so, we use the data collected by The World Hobbit Project in order to investigate the transmedial user practices of the Finnish audience of the trilogy. We will, firstly, look at what kinds of transmedial user practices – and transmedia users – emerge from our data. Secondly, we will ask the following questions: How do transmedia users receive and experience the films? What are the meanings assigned to The Hobbit films and the fantasy texts and user practices related to them, and what do these meanings tell of the broader meanings and uses of fantasy? Doing so, we use both quantitative and qualitative research methods.


In this paper, the thermal ignition delay period of the gasoline-air mixture under the condition of high temperature heat source and temperature-rising heat source in cave depots has been studied using experiment methods. The rules, scopes, and mechanism of thermal ignition delay period are got. It is found that: there is different delay period scope in different ignition model. The delay period for thermal explosion is the shortest, for thermal deflagration, the delay period is longer than that for explosion, usually seconds to a few hundred of seconds.The mechanism of delay period is unification of chemical kinetics and thermodynamics before ignition.


In this article, the authors explore supervision training, with special emphasis on the theoretical underpinnings and empirical evaluations of supervision for training social work field instructors and clinical staff in professional practice. The authors present an overview of the current literature and research on approaches to supervision training, including the content, format, and effectiveness of contemporary training models. The authors highlight findings from their recent studies, in which they examined a supervision-training model they designed and implemented, based on the relationship between attachment styles, affects, supervisory working alliance, and student competencies. Finally, the authors examine the implications and suggestions for future supervision training and research.


The optimum dose for forming SOI structures suitable for devices by nitrogen implantation and subsequent annealing has been widely investigated for mono-energetic implantation. When nitrogen concentration is under the stoichiometric value of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, numerous small silicon islands are contained in the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ layer formed by annealing and cause a leakage current across the layer. When the concentration is above stoichiometry, nitrogen bubbles are formed and the layer becomes porous and fragile. By energy scanning or plural energy implantation, it is possible to keep the nitrogen concentration on the stoichiometric value over the wide range of depth. The optimum fluences for each energy in triple energy implantations (25 keV+50 keV+75 keV and 25 keV+50 keV+100 keV) were estimated by computer simulation using dynamic SASAMAL code. The implantations with these energies and fluences were performed. The nitrogen depth profiles were measured by NRA and compared with the calculated profiles. Surface topography was observed by AFM. The measured depth profile by NRA showed wide plateau of stoichiometric concentration of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and the surface was very smooth even after high fluence implantation of 1.45/spl times/10/sup 18/ ions/cm/sup 2/ with the triple energy implantations.


[Objective] To explore the formation of a new anticancer drug carrier in vitro as well as to research its anticancer effect. [Method] Using prokaryotic expression system to express and purified FMDV structural proteins of VP0,VP3 and VP1,then self-assamble to form the FMDV virus-like particles in the assembly buffer,after that,coupling chemical anticancer drug to the virus-like particle surface,forming a new anti-cancer drugs carrier. [Result] FMDV virus-like particles as a novel anti-cancer drug carrier is capable of porting anti-cancer drugs,then may providing a new approach for designing novel drug carrier. [Conclusion] FMDV virus-like particles have potential as a novel drug carrier.


Hospital Information System (HIS) is a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the administrative, financial and clinical aspects of a hospital. This study is to describe those aspects of the implementation of hospital information system in three tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley; Serdang Hospital, Selayang Hospital and University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A qualitative study was conducted to obtain views on information system development and implementation in the hospitals mentioned above. In-depth interviews with personnel representing both the system providers and the end-users were done guided by a questionnaire. The results of the interviews were categorized into few themes namely the system development, human resource, scope of implementation, support system, user-friendly, training, hardware and security. There were differences in hospital information system development and implementation in the three hospitals. Each system has its own strengths and weaknesses that make it unique. In developing HIS, its important to ensure the system can work effectively and efficiently. Quality human resource, good support system, user-friendly and adequate training of the end-user will determine the success of implementation of HIS. Upgrading of hardware and software as needed is the basis to keep up with the pace of technology advancement and increasing number of patients. It is hoped that HIS will be implemented in all other hospitals with effective integration and networking.


Processes in commodity operating systems are "wild" 1 in nature: They are usually granted with excessive privileges, yet can be easily compromised and abused. Unfortunately, since commodity operating systems are big, complex, thus inherently untrusted, monitoring process behaviors within them is inherently insecure and could be circumvented or tampered. In this paper, we present an approach, named VMM-based process shepherding, to prevent, detect and isolate harmful behaviors (e.g. intrusions) of wild processes. The key idea of our approach is using a virtual machine monitor (VMM) to shepherd all privileged operations made by a wild process, in terms of system calls. As a VMM can easily be adjusted to intercept all system calls from a process running within operating systems thereon, such interception is mandatory and can not be bypassed. Further, as our approach is completely implemented in VMMs, it can result in good operating system transparency and portability. We provide three techniques as building blocks to process shepherding. First, the VMM prohibits any unauthorized accesses to privileged resources (e.g. system configuration files) using policy-based system call auditing. Second, the VMM uses system call sequences to detect possible malicious behaviors. Unexpected system call sequences should be considered as evidences for misbehaving. Third, the VMM isolates all suspect operations and discard them once a wild process is identified as malicious. Based on the three techniques, our approach tends to be safe and non-intrusive, that is, it can isolate damages made by a wild process. We present Shepherd, a prototype system based on Xen VMM, and evaluate it against real-life applications. According to our evaluation, Shepherd is resistant against several recent real-life attacks. Performance measurements show that our implementation incurs only a small amount of performance overhead.