Polycythemia vera is a Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a monoclonal expansion of a CD5+ CD19+ B lymphocytes. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms may coexist with indolent B-cell malignant lymphomas of various types. The association of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with polycythemia vera is a rare event with only a few cases of coexistence ever reported. We report a 56-year-old man in whom these two disorders were diagnosed concomitantly. Possible etiopathogenic relationships between both disorders are discussed in this case report.


This paper introduced the hardware platform and software platform which is necessary to the communication system large scale experiment and presented the application of FPGA in the experiment — the principle,design,implement ation and debug of the 2DPSK modulation-demodulation system.The experimental platform enriches the instruction contents,keep the knowledge of communication principles and enhances the ability of students,resulting in good instruction effects.


The genera! principles of thermo-compression are presented and the cost of electrical operation is compared with the running cost of several types of steam-heated evaporators. Steam jet thermo-compression is briefly described but the remainder of the paper deals with vapour compression by mechanical means. Two-stage thermo-compressor operation is shown to have economic advantages for high concentrations. A typical milk concentration plant is described. The evaporating operation is analysed in an elemenary manner to show the thermodynamic fundamentals, and a temperature-entropy diagram for the process is shown. Possible uses of thermo-compressors in industry, together with expected performances, are listed, with special mention of compression distillation. Appendix I shows the effect of plant temperatures on compressor performance, and Appendix 11 describes the action of indirect thermo-compression.


In the use of mobile communication service, handset is a media to receive service and recognized as a core of a point of customer contact. Meanwhile, the price of service(rate) can be recognized as an important variable affecting use level. This handset as a point of customer contact and service rate are expected to influence purchase behavior of mobile communication service. Under this consciousness, this study would examine how current handset type (whether using Smart Phone or not) and tariff mode(Whether using Smart Phone unlimited data rate plan or not) of user influence new mobile communication service adoption intent henceforth. For this, this study classified a potential use group of new service(LTE) into feature phone-using group and existing Smart Phone-using group, and divided Smart Phone group into unlimited rate plan using-group and non-using group again and conducted analysis on the difference of perception level, adoption intention about the new service between these groups, and grasped user characteristics by groups. As a result of analysis, there was a significant difference in perception and adoption intention on new service(LTE) depending on handset type. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in service adoption following rate plan. These results provide a thought-provoking point for new service launching or marketing strategy of a time of service generation transition, especially for establishing handset and rate strategy.


1School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2Department of Pomology, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, KSA, Saudi Arabia. 3Biotechnology Program, Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail, KSA. 4nstitute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


For a long time the Petrovski apparent resistivity P  has been usually calculated and applied to the Schlumberger arrays with the distance between the electrodes is not equal. In this paper, this Petrovski apparent resistivity P  is applied to calculate with the distance between the electrodes is equal by synthesizing the possible apparent resistivity values. In this study, present a method to calculate extension Petrovski apparent resistivity P  . Following this, the average values of the apparent resistivity values with Wenner arrays and the apparent resistivity values with dipole-pole arrays (also known as apparent resistivity values of halfSchlumberger arrays) would be instead of the apparent resistivity values with four symmetric electrodes S  , in which the distance from the one pole to the other poles is equal, so the signal strength is higher accuracy.


The paper does not aim to provide practical solutions but only to raise, within the academic community, the following questions: Are the current paradigms of promotional communication still valid? Does a crisis of knowledge intervene in this field? Are new paradigms necessary for instating new research customs able to provide new theories, models, research methods and a new image of this field? The paper thus aims to present the aspects which have determined us to raise these questions: the admission of new concepts, as Through the Line advertising, necessary due to communication hybrids which make the division of some promotion forms into the classical typology – ATL/BTL – impossible; the important mutations on the media market worldwide; the social media revolution, with spectacular results reflected in numbers and statistics; the emergence of global virtual communities with hundreds of million members worldwide, which generated an unprecedented interest of advertising investments in social media.


The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of organizational climate, work stress on turnover intention by using job satisfaction as an intervening variable for employees at PT GrahaMegaria Surabaya. The population in this study was all employees of PT GrahaMegaria Surabaya, amounting to 58 employees, the sample in this study was carried out by saturated sampling or census technique, therefore the entire population in this study was as a sample. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire; data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. The analysis technique used is validity, reliability and t test. The results of the study based on multiple linear regression analysis show that Organizational climate has a positive effect on job satisfaction with the value of t-test for variable X1 is 3.889> 2.004 and the significance level is 0.000 <0.05. Job stress has a positive effect on job satisfaction with the value of t-test for variable X2 is 2.351> 2.004 and a significance level of 0.022 <0.05. The indirect effect of X1 on Y is 0.28 and the indirect effect of X2 on Y is 0.34, whereas job satisfaction has a negative effect on turnover intention with a direct effect of 0.91 so that job satisfaction as an intervening variable is acceptable.


The main interlinked challenges to achieve a low-carbon emission economy are analyzed. It is argued first that there are no obstacles to a free market working effectively with a high penetration of distributed Renewable Energies (RE), since intermittency has been overstated, and affordable storage solutions are available because of strong learning rates. Demand-side management policies are promising too, neither are there foreseeable boundaries to the availability of economically extractable photovoltaic and wind energies. A full 100% RE system may be more challenging though, partly because bioenergy, a key dispatchable source in most available RE roadmaps, clashes with growing food needs and reforestation to counter greenhouse gases emissions. Similarly, the green growth proposal is constrained by materials availability, mainly cobalt and phosphorus, which will also constrain the deployment of electric vehicles. Alternatively, the United Nations Human Development Index may be a more suitable target for a sustainable RE system. Although history is not reassuring, the main global economic hurdle is possibly existing fossil fuel-related investments, likely to become stranded. An assessment of their value yields a substantially lower figure than is sometimes claimed, though. Finally, a limited role for nuclear energy is assessed positively, provided it is publicly owned.


Web Advertising and Marketing by Design is a hands-on, step-by-step guide that shows you how to create dynamic advertising and promotional projects for the Web. Advertising and marketing professionals will find new and imaginative solutions to their Web-based challenges, while individuals and small businesses creating their own ads and marketing materials will benefit from solid guidance in creating compelling promotional materials on line. This practical cookbook presents over a dozen of the most effective advertising and marketing materials needed by professionals (press kits, ads, press releases, and catalogs) and gears them specifically for use on the Web.


Compounds (III) and (V) are obtained as mixtures of E- and Z-isomers with the internal E-isomer predominating except for (Vb).


Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength and mass due to the natural ageing process of the body (primary) or a combination of sarcopenia with various diseases (secondary). Despite its clinical significance, sarcopenia often remains unrecognised and aggravates the course of comorbid diseases. The review presents analysis of scientific literature on sarcopenia diagnostic methods. Literatures from the E-Library.ru and PubMed databases published within the period of 1998- 2021 were used. The search was performed using the "sarcopenia" and "methods for diagnosing sarcopenia" keywords. Patients with sarcopenia have similar symptoms with cachexia, fatty infiltration and inflammatory lesions of muscle tissue, which complicates differential diagnosis of this disease. The screening methods for sarcopenia diagnosis include MSRA-7, MARS-5 questionnaires, Shinya Ishii method, SARC-F. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is established based on instrumental methods (bioelectrical impedance analysis, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).


The author of the paper describes and analyses the ways ofphytonym word-building in the Tabasaran language, one of the Dagestani languages of the Cauca-sian family.


Background Obesity is always associated with chronic inflammation and is considered a major risk factor for neurodegeneration. Resveratrol (RES) has attracted wide attention for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging effects. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate whether RES can ameliorate the histological changes encountered in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and the cerebellar cortex in a rabbit model of high-fat diet (HFD). Materials and methods Male New Zealand rabbits (2–2.5 kg each, n=40) were divided into four equal groups. Group I was fed a standard diet and served as the control group. Group II was fed HFD for 12 weeks. Group III was fed HFD and received a daily dose of RES at 5 mg/kg. Group IV received a standard diet and RES. Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies were conducted on MAT and the cerebellar cortex. Results After HFD administration, there was significant increase in the size of adipocytes of MAT, together with heavy mononuclear cellular infiltration and massive hemorrhage. Significant increase in the area% of tumor necrosis factor-&agr;-positive cells was also detected. The cerebellum exhibited hemorrhage in its pia mater. Significant reduction in the number of Purkinje cells was also detected. Some Purkinje cells appeared with deeply stained nuclei. Prominent perineural spaces were observed around some Purkinje and some basket cells. Tau protein immunoreactivity was significantly expressed in most Purkinje cells and in some basket and granule cells as well. Some Purkinje cells were seen deeply insinuated between granule cells. In group III, supplementation of RES was found to alleviate most of the deleterious actions of HFD on the MAT and the cerebellar cortex. Conclusion RES can ameliorate most of the obesity-related histological alterations.


The samples of refractory gold ore from Zheng-Yuang Yunnan province were scot to us for bio-treatment research. After 250mL flasks and 10L agitated tank experiments, it was concluded that our method had the prominent advantage, and this way had the strong potentiality in industry work.


These are course descri ptions and/or syllabi from teacher ducation and education-related classes in various colleges and universities. Courses and schools include: Human Growth and Developm nt at Hampton University; Growth and Development (school not listed), Social Justice and Diversity Education (school not listed), Education in a Democratic Society at Ball State University; Service Leadership at Seattle University; Principles of Education at New England College; Theory and Practice in Service Learning Pedagogy (school not listed); Methods and Materials in Reading Service Learni ng Strand at Providence College; Elementary Social Studies at University ofl owa; Teaching in Secondary Schools at Hampton University; Social Studies eaching Method at Hampto n University; Assessment and Curriculum Methodology for Teachi ng Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities at Providence College; and Curriculum and Methods of Inclusive Education fo r Diverse Learners at University of San Diego. Wher-e to Obtain this Resource: Uni ersity of Cal iforni a at Berkeley Service Learning Research and Development Center 615 Universi ty Hall #1040 Berkeley, CA 94 720-1040 PHONE: 510-642-3 199 1 af2 2/8101 9:31 PM 2 HAMPTON UNIVERSITY Hampton, Virginia 23668 Department of Education COURSE TITLE: Education 302 Human Growth and Development DATE: Spring Semester 1999 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. G. B. Henry Office: Phenix Hall, Room 304 Houts: As Posted Phone: 757-727-5538 TEXTBOOK: Bee, Helen (1994). Lifespan Development. New York: Harper Collins Publishing Company.


As the demand for an evidence-based approach to coaching grows, so does the need for rigourous outcome measures. However, despite the fact that coaching is a goal-focused process, there has been little discussion in the coaching literature about different approaches to measuring goal attainment. Given that goal attainment represents a key dependent variable for coaching interventions, it is important that this gap in the literature be addressed. This paper seeks to stimulate discussion about this important issue by describing an approach to the measurement of goal outcomes, Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), and discussing the strengths and limitations of the approach. Whilst goal attainment processes are multifaceted and measurement is complicated by a multiplicity of goal constructs and the inherent instability of goals, it is argued that the GAS methodology offers coaches a way of neutralising some of these challenges. In addition, GAS has the potential to stimulate dialogue between practitioners and researchers, as it could provide a methodological framework and language accessible to both.


The research was conducted on the effectiveness of the standard methods of DNA extraction from plants of the genus of Rhododendron. The assessment of the methodologies was made on the basis of three parameters: the possible degradation of DNA in the preparations obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis, the concentration and purity of the samples, analyzed by spectrophotometric characteristics of DNA preparations, and reproducible PCR results. It was shown that the standard method of nucleic acid extraction is unsuitable for the plants of this genus, and further studies are not possible due to severe degradation of the samples and high level of admixture, which prevents the restriction reaction and the PCR. In order to obtain a DNA preparation of good quality, some steps of the method were modifi ed; the optimal temperature, time and concentration parameters were found, making possible to get a DNA sample free from signs of degradation and admixture.


ABSTRACT The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has become a leading contributor of foreign aid, in terms of percentage of gross national income as well as in total amount. Historically, Emirati aid was opaque, and little was known about the foreign aid portfolio. This changed after 2009 when the UAE began to submit detailed, project-level data to the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD. Based on a decade of aid transparency, this article carries out an examination of the political economy of aid provided by the UAE, comparing its portfolio to other donor countries. Particular attention is paid to analyzing three primary recipients of its aid (Egypt, Serbia and Yemen) and the implicit motivations driving those decisions. The majority of Emirati aid to these three countries was granted as general budgetary support, often in tandem with efforts to achieve political, economic and/or military aims. Based on the findings, an evaluation is made regarding Emirati narratives of South-South cooperation and its seeking of mutual benefit as well as critiques put forward within the literature countering this. In addition to critically assessing the details of an under-researched aid portfolio, this paper highlights areas for further study to deepen our understanding of the UAE's foreign aid.


It is widely assumed that students' learning competence and performance can be crucially enhanced through the assistance of several online learning resources. Thanks to the recent breakthroughs in information technology sector, from the invention of Web 2.0 platform, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) to the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the practice of English language education has been fundamentally transformed in various aspects. However, the boom of online learning resources brings certain drawbacks to learners, especially in determining which quality resources are appropriate to personal learning objectives, characteristics and budget. In this empirical project, through evaluation of online learning resources,  Randall's Cyber ESL Listening, One Top English ,  Net Languages , and  BBC Learning English, based on qualitative and quantitative approaches, including a theoretical framework in technology education (TR-model), students' outcomes (test scores) and responses collected by a questionnaire, in the application in context of teaching English to more than 360 students of 8 groups in universities in Ho Chi Minh city, the researcher has obtained remarkable findings in aspects of technology, teachers' and students' viewpoint and suggested practical principles and guidelines for choosing the resource which meets some learning demands of English language students in Vietnam higher education.


The fabrication and the properties of Al2O3-InSb-Si QW MOSFETs having an ultra thin InSb channel layer is reported. The good characteristic of ID-VD with an transconductance of 67 mS/mm demonstrates that the ultra thin InSb channel layer grown directly on Si can be used for MOSFET channels. The results show that the InSb/Si pseudomorphic quantum well MOSFETs is a promising candidate for future VLSIs.


This article is trying to elaborate Amin Abdullah's and Khaled Abou el
Fadl's thoughts on applied Islamology. Base on hermeneutic point of view,
they argue that Islam could not be separated from the humanistic problems of
time and space. Therefore, Islam should be reinterpreted along with social
changes. In their opinions.the hermeneutic approach should be able to demonstrate
Islam in its pure spirits: liberal, humanistic, and progressive which finally
could support the growth and the development of the welfare ofmandkind
in the word.


This paper discusses an embedded access gateway, which takes OMAP3530 as the center core and is built upon the embedded Linux 2.6 operating system. Based on the character and advantage of 3G and ZigBee, this article advances the solution scheme of the wireless home gateway. Mainly analyzes the software design of the gateway, including the way to realize the communication between the gateway and 3G networks, along with the design of data conversion task between 3G network and ZigBee network. And it proposed a solution to data loss, which is caused by the different transmitting rates of 3G module and ZigBee module. Results show that the data communication link between the wireless home gateway and Internet is set up and its wireless remote data communication possesses the advantages of high-speed, stability and reliability.


Analysis of resistance and stability of castellated composite beam for different number of shear connectors One castellated and seven composite castellated beams are modeled using the software package SAP2000. The composite beams are modeled using link elements as shear connectors with stiffness of 100 kN/mm. For the composite models, one beam with 52 links, four beams with 26 link and two beams with 15 links are adopted with different positioning: above the openings, above the web-posts and uniformly along the beam. It was determent that the increase of shear connectors leads to increase of normal stresses in the corners of the first opening, where in comparison with castellated beam there is 30 % and 15 % rise for 52 links and 15 links above openings correspondingly for uniform load of 39 kN/m'. There is also a difference of 5 % between the stresses for links above openings and above web-posts, where the favorable position is that across the openings. According to the previous, the most commending beam will be with fewer shear connectors positioned above the openings. Therefor it can be assumed that it is best to design the castellated composite beam with partial shear connection, otherwise it would have to ensure full web near supports or increase the stiffness of the bottom part of the beam – concluding an optimized asymmetric section.


This study examines a managerial innovation involving developing, implementing and accrediting a quality management system based on the ISO 9000 international standard. There is moderate correlation between interest
in managerial innovation and perceived value. Implementation strategy/approach shows a relatively high correlation with perceived value. Staff reaction to innovation is connected to their interest and perceived value towards personal and institutional development, and growth. The multiple regression analysis shows that the model explains /5% to 19% ofthe variance in innovation acceptance with interest being the only significant variable. The moderating role of implementation prior to the exercise was examined via the hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that implementation strategy interacts with the interest variable enhancing the explanatory power to 24%. The resulting Rl change adds weight to the claim that the implementation strategy plays a critical role in generating acceptance ofthe innovation introduced A more inclusive and participative strategy is
likely to generate greater interest and engagement and induce greater acceptance ofthe innovation. Thus, any implementation strategy that does not incorporate involvement, consultation and consensus building among
members will deepen existing chasm between managers and the managed Nowhere is this chasm more visible than in the academia.


This book, as hefty as it is ambitious, represents the opus maximum of the great American sociologist of religion Robert Bellah. The author establishes his quest, from the 'big Bang' to Karl Jaspers' 'axial age,' in the middle of the first millennium B.C.E., upon Durkeimian and Weberian principles, and studies in turn the civilizations of Israel, of Greece, of India and of China. Doing this, he ignores Iran, and does not reach up to Christianity and Islam, which appeared later. The failure of the enterprise is at the level of its ambitions. It is an honorable one.


: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of social support and communication with parents on eating attitude of nursing college students. Data were collected from April 23 to September 15, 2018, self-questionnaires from nursing college students. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, it was found that the more depressed the mood state (β =.35, p<.001) of nursing college students' eating attitude and the negative communication with the father (β=-.30, p<.001), the higher the abnormal eating attitude. The variables accounted for 20.1% of abnormal eating attitude. Based on the results of this study, a screening test for depression is necessary in order to detect nursing college students with early abnormal eating attitudes and postitive communication with the father will improve the abnormal eating attitude.


Dehydration is a widespread problem in older adults. For this age group, dehydration can be fatal, however, there is a lack of accurate and valid methods to assess the level of hydration in healthcare settings. In this study, the use of surface electro-myographic (sEMG) sensors to detect active swallowing events (saliva vs liquid swallows) and to estimate fluid intake volume is investigated to corroborate the possibility of integrating these in a fluid intake tracking device. Eleven subjects ($28\pm 13$ years of age) were recruited, and sEMG recordings of single and continuous swallows from cups, bottles, and straws were analysed and four features were extracted. Results showed that the mean detection accuracy between noise and swallows was $99\pm1.31\%$ using a Fine Gaussian SVM classifier; and the mean classification accuracy between saliva and liquid swallows was $86.69\pm5.52\%$ using Fine KNN. Fluid volume was estimated using a feedforward artificial neural network, and results for single swallows presented a low mean RMSE value ($2.01\pm 1.39\ \text{ml}$), however the RMSE increased significantly for the estimation of continuous swallows ($25.82\pm 26.39\ \ \text{ml}$). These results suggest that while further validation is needed, especially in regards to volume estimation, the use of surface EMGs to track fluid intake seems promising.


Theory in Sociology It is argued that other disciplines and the scientifically interested public largely ignore sociological theory because of its lack of clarity, its frequent focus on descriptions and typologies, its incompatibility of various perspectives and approaches, and its neglect of empirical results. A re-orientation of sociology with respect to the concept of theory and theory formation is suggested which draws heavily on the practice of more successful disciplines. Accordingly, a theory is designated as a hypothetico-deductive system with empirical content - that is, a set of propositions within which deductive chains from assumptions to conclusions can be constructed and at least one hypothesis is subject to possible refutation by empirical data. The paper discusses this concept and its background.


Fermentation and roasting of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) decrease levels of flavan‐3‐ols, which may aid in prevention of obesity and type‐2 diabetes. Our objective was to determine the impact of fermentation and roasting on the ability of cocoa to inhibit digestive enzymes. Polyphenol profiles of unfermented bean (UB), fermented bean (FB), unfermented liquor (UL), and fermented liquor (FL) extracts were characterized by colorimetric and chromatographic methods. Inhibitory activities of the cocoa extracts against pancreatic α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase were measured in vitro. Overall, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total polyphenols, flavan‐3‐ols, and anthocyanins between the two sets of unfermented and fermented cocoa samples. HPLC and thiolysis demonstrated a decrease in catechins between unfermented and fermented samples as well as an increase in average flavanol degree of polymerization from UB to FB. For α‐glucosidase, UL, FL, Acarbose (+ control), FB, and UB had IC50 values of 90.0, 109, 158, 200, and 218 μg/mL, respectively. This is a novel finding that suggests the potential utility of cocoa, particularly that of cocoa liquors, in blunting increases of blood glucose similar to the drug Acarbose. For α‐amylase and pancreatic lipase, Acarbose and Orlistat (+ controls) had the lowest IC50 values (54.3 and 181 μg/mL, respectively) compared to the cocoa samples. However, at 500 μg/mL concentrations, Acarbose, FB, and FL inhibited α‐amylase 71.0%, 53.6%, and 38.4% respectively, all of which were not significantly different (p<0.05). The same was true for inhibition of pancreatic lipase by Orlistat (62.9%), UB (47.6%), and FB (41.5%) at 200 μg/mL concentrations. Thus, at high concentrations, inhibition of fermented cocoa and Acarbose against α‐amylase and that of cocoa beans and Orlistat against lipase are similar. Although processing induced significant changes in the polyphenol profiles of these cocoas, each enzyme was affected differently by fermentation and roasting of the samples. For α‐glucosidase, roasting of cocoa improved its inhibitory activity. For α‐amylase, both fermentation and roasting decreased cocoa's inhibition abilities, whereas these processes improved its inhibition of pancreatic lipase. Inhibition of these enzymes delays the digestion of carbohydrates and lipids, potentially dallying or blunting increases in postprandial blood glucose levels, reducing fat accumulation, and increasing satiety. These results suggest that compositional changes in cocoa during processing, other than alterations to polyphenols, influence potential inhibition of digestive enzymes.


Author for correspondence: Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA and Thyroid Cancer Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA and Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute of Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA and Department of Genetics, & CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Tel.: +1 216 444 3440 Fax: +1 216 636 0655 email@example.com Thyroid cancer genetics: how close are we to personalizing clinical management?


We found that riverine confluences had localized effects (within 20 km) on stream fish assemblages of the Kansas River basin. The majority of variation in fish assemblages occurred from east to west and along a stream size gradient. After controlling for the influences of longitude and stream size, distance of sample sites from streams ≥ 5th order accounted for a small proportion of taxonomic variability. However, species richness was significantly higher and assemblage structure was different in tributary stream segments directly connected to larger-ordered streams, suggesting that the effects of spatial position within this stream network were greatest in close proximity to tributary–mainstem confluences. Fish collections from three intensively sampled tributaries also indicated an abrupt change in species assemblages between mainstem river sites and tributary sample sites above confluences, followed by a gradual taxonomic change with increasing distance up to 20 km from the confluence. Changes in fish ...


This article does a simple introduction in purpose and main content of ISPS code as well as discusses way and content of ship security officer training in the future.


This work has been conducted to study the effect of different types of iron ore pellets on an EAFbased steel production. The study has focused on how the chemical composition of the raw materialsin ...


This essay is an attempt to examine the relationship between art and education inPlato's philosophy considering the perspective of aesthetics. The fi rst part is dedicated to inquiryof several key concepts, which determine our understanding of this relationship: concepts of art,poetry and τέχνη. The second part of essay more closely reveals Plato's arguments against poetryand visual arts by connecting the arguments from the second, the third and the tenth chapter ofPoliteia with arguments from his other dialogues, which should reveal the educational functionof art and its limits. Finally, relying on these classic arguments, author is offering some possibleperspectives for their further understanding and development, emphasizing the implicite consideringof specifi cally aesthetic aspect of art.


Article introduces and summarizes tourism souvenir-related literatures,review s the depth and the development process of souvenirs from six points, namely definition of tourism souvenirs; value attributes of tourism souvenirs; commodification and the authenticity of souvenirs; marketing management and the consumption research of tourism souvenirs. Finally,the summary and reflection of the existing research and the prospect of future research are put forw ard.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of simultaneous zinc and vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Study design: Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. Setting: Urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants and methods: 800 children aged 12-35 months were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups: 20 mg zinc once daily for 14 days; 200 000 IU vitamin A, single dose on day 14; both zinc and vitamin A; placebo. The children were followed up once a week for six months, and morbidity information was collected. Results: The incidence and prevalence of diarrhoea were lower in the zinc and vitamin A groups than in the placebo group. Zinc and vitamin A interaction had a rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.79 (0.66 to 0.94) for the prevalence of persistent diarrhoea and 0.80 (0.67 to 0.95) for dysentery. Incidence (1.62; 1.16 to 2.25) and prevalence (2.07; 1.76 to 2.44) of acute lower respiratory infection were significantly higher in the zinc group than in the placebo group. The interaction term had rate ratios of 0.75 (0.46 to 1.20) for incidence and 0.58 (0.46 to 0.73) for prevalence of acute lower respiratory infection. Conclusions: Combined zinc and vitamin A synergistically reduced the prevalence of persistent diarrhoea and dysentery. Zinc was associated with a significant increase in acute lower respiratory infection, but this adverse effect was reduced by the interaction between zinc and vitamin A. What is already known on this topic Trials of vitamin A supplementation have failed to show a beneficial effect on morbidity in children Experimental studies have shown that, in the presence of zinc deficiency, vitamin A supplementation fails to reverse vitamin A deficiency Coexistence of deficiencies of zinc and vitamin A could be a reason for the failure of vitamin A supplementation, but data in humans are limited What this paper adds Combined zinc and vitamin A supplementation is more effective in reducing persistent diarrhoea and dysentery than either vitamin A or zinc alone Zinc alone increased respiratory illnesses, but interaction between zinc and vitamin A reduced this adverse effect


This Article expounds the design and implementation of field measurement data acquisition system based on PDA,this scheme convenient field data collection work and can adapt to the field data acquisition environment. The article expounds the principle and method of Surveying and Mapping system Based on PDA in Windows CE,and it realized the map,editing,browsing,surveying and other functions.


A reduction procedure for the construction of matrix equations applicable to direct nuclear reactions is described, where the direct channel Green's functions are used to simplify the many-particle problem. The Faddeev-type matrix equations are reduced to simpler forms so that the partial connectivity of the iteration kernals is maintained for those direct channels which are explicitly coupled. Auxiliary channels are then introduced to improve the connectivity property, while direct channel distortion potentials and simple channel projection operators are incorporated to facilitate the solution of the coupled equations. Using the reduction procedure, the multiple scattering equations of Watson are extended to include explicitly the rearrangement channels which are strongly coupled. (AIP)


We discuss a framework to analyze the transmission of supersymmetry breaking in models of intersecting D-branes. Generically, different intersections preserve different fractions of an extended bulk supersymmetry, thus breaking supersymmetry completely but in a nonlocal way. We analyze this mechanism in a 5D toy model where two brane intersections, which are separated in the fifth dimension, break different halves of an extended $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry. The sector of the theory on one brane intersection feels the breakdown of the residual $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry only through two-loop interactions involving a coupling to fields from the other intersection. We compute the diagrams that contribute to scalar masses on one intersection and find that the masses are proportional to the compactification scale up to logarithmic corrections. We also compute the three-loop diagrams relevant to the Casimir energy between the two intersections and find a repulsive Casimir force.


Nasicon ceramics of formula Na3Zr2Si2 PO12 were prepared from two systems, namely N H4 H2 PO4-Na2 CO3-SiO2-ZrO2 and Na 3 PO4-SiO2-ZrO2. The partial reactions and sequence of reactions was studied using differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Kinetic restraints to completeness of reaction are indicated and sodium oxide volatilization is shown to occur. The rate-determining partial reaction involves zirconia and a sodium phosphosilicate intermediate.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mentally retarded children's social status and their social behavior as perceived by their peers in the mainstream classroom. For purposes of comparison, the relationship between nonretarded children's social status and perceived behavior was also assessed. .Sociometric surveys were conducted in 51 third through sixth grade mainstream classrooms, in order to identify accepted and rejected mentally retarded and nonretarded children. Peer assessments of social behavior were also obtained, and the results used to classify subjects into groups (sociable, sensitive/isolated, aggressive/disruptive, or some combination). Results of crosstabulation analysis showed that rejected mentally retcded children were perceived by their nonretarded peers as engaging in aggressive/ disruptive and/or sensitive/isolated behavior. In contrast, accepted mentally retarded children were perceived as sociable. The same relationships were found for nonretarded accepted and rejected children, confirming previous research. Factor analyses of the peer assessments revealed that nonretarded children used similar dimensions in assessing the social behavior of their mentally retarded and nonretarded peers.


Abstract Background: Some Thai vegetables may enhance the activities of some phase II enzymes and decrease activities of phase I enzymes. Thus, they may possess cancer chemo-preventive potentials. Objective: Determine the anti-clastogenic activity of Thai vegetable, Siamese cassia (SC), against an indirectacting clastogens, cyclophosphamide (CYP), and 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Methods: Male mice were fed either with semi-purified diet, containing 2% or 4% of ground lyophilized SC leaves, for two weeks prior to administration of clastogens. The anti-clastogenicity of SC leaves using the in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mice was performed. Blood samples were collected and counted for reticulocytes with and without a micronucleus using the fluorescent microscope. Results: Feeding SC leaves at 2% or 4% in the diets reduced the number of micronucleated peripheral reticulocytes (MNRETs) induced by both CYP and DMBA. However, the effect was statistically significant only at 4% in CYP-induced mice. Conclusion: Siamese cassia leaves possess anti-clastogenic activity against clastogens in mice, particularly in a high dose.


A new foliar disease of Koelreuteria paniculata tree is reported during continuous surveys conducted at Solan district of Himachal Pradesh during August, 2015 to December, 2015. On the basis of morphological characteristics the fungus, the fungus was identified as Phoma eupyrena which produces symptoms on the leaves as numerous small, pale, irregular spots which are light brown with dark black margins and blightening appearance at the apex region initially. Phoma eupyrena form pycnidia, whose range varied between 240-250 μm in diameter and conidia are hyaline, short, cylindrical, mostly straight and unicellular. Conidial size ranged between 3-6 × 1.5-3 μm.


Relation between vertebral compressive strength and trabecular architecture is presented in terms of aging and sex. Complex in vitro medical-engineering analysis of cadaver human lumbar L1 and L2 vertebrae was executed: densitometry, CT, MRI, mechanical test and histology, in aspect of osteoporosis. In this paper the results of the mechanical test are detailed only. The compressive mechanical parameters, like limit stress and strain, proportional stress and strain, Young modulus, ductility, energy absorption capacity were determined. Morphometry analysis was based on the CT pictures. Density and diameter of trabeculae were measured. Correlation between morphometric and mechanical properties was evaluated in terms of aging, sex and bone mineral density.


The study of modifications of nucleon properties inside the nuclear medium is currently a very active field both experimentally and theoretically. The relativistic Faddeev approach to nucleon structure based on effective chiral quark theories 1 seems to be a powerful candidate to study these problems. For this purpose, first one should be able to account for the properties of a free nucleon, and second one should construct an equation of state of nuclear matter which gives the density dependence of the effective nucleon and quark masses. In this work we consider these two aspects in the Faddeev approach to the NambuJona-Lasinio (NJL) model , having in mind future applications of the model to study the medium modifications. We will, however, for technical reasons limit ourselves to the "static approximation" to the full Faddeev equation 3 when describing the nucleon as a quark-diquark state.


INTRODUCTION
The aim of the study was to evaluate of efficiency of iodine prophylaxis based on obligatory model of salt iodization.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included 1444 children from the rural and urban area, with the proportional sex and age (8-12 years) distribution--432 children in 1992 (before salt iodization), 558 children in 2000 and 454 children in 2005 (during salt iodization from 1996).

RESULTS
The prevalence of goiter detected in children population in 1992 was 40% (recount by current criteria), in 2005 was reduced to 6% (p < 0.01). Parallel, median of urinary iodine concentration increased from 44 microg/l in 1992 to 107 microg/l (p < 0.01) in 2005. The increase of incidence of autoimmunological thyroid diseases is observed, especially chronic thyroiditis.

CONCLUSIONS
The study proves high efficiency of iodine prophylaxis in Wielkopolska Region, but it is still the area with mild iodine deficiency.


The relaxation behavior of several epoxy resin systems, which have systematic structural differences, has been studied by the thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) technique. Two TSD peaks centered at about 115°K (β peak) and 185°K (β peak) were found for epoxy resins cured with a diamine. Structural change, either in the epoxy resin molecule or the amine molecule, did not seem to affect those two peaks. The TSD thermogram of the DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of disphenol A) epoxy resin part only showed a small new peak at 160°K instead of the ft peak at 185°K. This result, together with the fact that postcuring increased β peak height, leads to the conclusion that the ft peak is most likely due to the newly-created molecular segment during the curing reaction. The peak at 160°K was assigned to the epoxy group. This assignment was based on the fact that the 160°K peak of an epoxy homopolymer, which has fewer epoxy groups, was smaller than that of the parent DGEBA. The β and γ peaks were found to be of distributed characteristics, and the distribution of activation energy was studied by the partial heating method.


The purpose of this work is to design a power allocation method (PAM) for multistack fuel cell system (MFCS). Due to the limitations of technology, large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in the field of rail transportation has not been implemented. Therefore, this study presents an MFCS to promote the use of PEMFCs in the high-power energy market. During the operation of the MFCS, since the output power of the FC varies dynamically with different operation conditions, the performance of each stack is usually inconsistent. A method for evaluating the degree of performance degradation (DOPD) of stacks is presented in this study. In addition, a fuel cell (FC) semiempirical model is also adopted to simulate the effects of aging on the stacks' performance. In order to maintain the uniform performance of stacks and enhance the lifespan of the MFCS, a PAM that considers the DOPD of each stack is presented. Besides, in order to facilitate system expansion, this article proposes a virtual droop control method to realize power splitting among the stacks. Also, a voltage control strategy is presented to compensate for the bus voltage drop caused by the droop control. The effectiveness and practicability of the presented PAM and MFCS are verified on the hardware-in-the-loop test bench constructed by RT-LAB.


Introduction Particulate air pollution is thought to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine is an established cardiovascular disease risk factor. Recent studies show that exposur...


he world population increases daily, and with it the number of mouths to feed. As a consequence, finding ways to improve crop yield has become a major issue. Since the 1960s, grain production has grown exponentially. And while it took 10 000 years to produce the first billion tons of grain, it has only taken 40 years t o produce the second, thanks to fertilisers, pesticides and intensive cross-breeding. As is freq uently the case, the molecular mechanisms underlying the commercially improved phenotype are largely unknown. However, it appears that hormones known as gibberellins – along with the pro teins they stimulate – have a central role in plant growth and development, and could be the mole cules upon which to act in the future, to design cereals – or indeed other plants – that are favourable in terms of agronomy and economy.


Fertility and mortality estimates at the national level in Mexico are evaluated using data from a 1979 survey conducted by the National Family Planning Program Coordination. "This survey [was] specifically oriented to obtain data on mortality fertility continuity in the use of contraceptive methods and maternal child care. In addition questions destined to relate these thematic aspects with socioeconomic variables were included." Direct estimates obtained from the survey are presented and compared with estimates derived using indirect estimation techniques. (EXCERPT)


The world's population is always consuming freshwater at a high rate. Demands for clean, desalinated water have led to improvements in the quality and quantity of viable desalination techniques. These improvements have helped solve major engineering problems regarding energy consumption and environmental health. Engineers have found the best way to answer these questions currently available. The use of nanotechnology in seawater desalination is a sustainable technique to supply freshwater in a more efficient and eco-friendly way. Applying nanotechnology to water desalination is most effectively done by revamping old processes. One of the oldest techniques for water desalination is reverse osmosis. Current reverse osmosis techniques produce highly salinized brine, is energy expensive, and maintenance intensive. These flaws of the process are inefficient. With a more efficient process comes a more eco-friendly process as desalination instruments would need less maintenance, and less energy would need to be produced to run the desalination plants. These innovations using nanotechnology create a way to obtain clean water from the sea while staying environmentally friendly. Along with demands for processes to increase in efficiency, water desalination techniques must be sustainable. Sustainability is a measure of a industries ability to stay modern and keep up with global expectations regarding efficiency, energy usage, environmental footprint, and more issues the world faces today. Organizations such as Cordis and NanoH2O have researched their own ways of improving desalination processes through the use of nanotechnology. This research in nanotechnology opens the doors for further applications and research into related fields manipulation of organic processes. In this research paper we will evaluate the current techniques used to desalinate water and compare them to processes involving nanotechnology, allowing us to conclude how to implement nanotechnology to create clean water in the most efficient and sustainable way possible. Key WordsBiofouling, Cordis, Desalination, Electrodialysis, Forward Osmosis, NanoH2O, Nanotechnology, NAWADES, Photocatalysis, Reverse Osmosis, Sustainability. THE GROWING DEMAND FOR


It is a fact that windstorm is a natural disaster that can create enormous damages. Thus, the article aims to serve as a guideline in establishing the damages scale as the supporting tool in the windstorm disaster management. The purpose of the scale is to mitigate impacts of windstorm via early warning system, so that local authorities and public at the affected area are able to know the worst-case scenario if windstorm occurred and could make early preparation in minimising the impacts. The damage scale is established based on the current damage criteria as an early warning of windstorm occurrences was adopted from the damages scale which was established outside Malaysia. On the other hand, there is no damages scale originally established in the country. In order to establish this supporting tool, 51 windstorm occurrences in year 2012 to 2016 from 6 districts in Peninsular Malaysia were selected as a study case and 246 damages were assessed. Besides windstorm damages, gust speed, wind direction, rainfall and radar images as raw data, the study also acquires local conditions wind multiplier map coordinated with meteorological station and overlaid with wind direction map at the study area as well. All the damage locations for each windstorm occurrence will be coordinated in the local conditions wind multiplier map. However, the damages which located underneath the same convective cluster with meteorological station, in position with wind direction and gust speed greater than hazard threshold only will be determined its associated intensity. The scale listed each potential damage according to categories either building, property, or tree. The gust speeds at 1-minute in the scale are between 9.0 m/s to 19.3 m/s. From the study, damages scale has similar hierarchy of level damages with existing damages scale but much lower intensity.


The methods and instruments for security and risk analysis typically used in the design of complex systems like nuclear power plants allow to define the quality upgrade from the advanced generation III to generation IV reactors. Indeed, in 30 years such upgrades are expected to include the full 100% level of nuclear power plants' intrinsic security.


In osteogenesis, osteoblasts differentiate from committed osteoprogenitors that are derived from multipotential mesenchymal cells1), whereas osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic stem cells2-4). It is established that osteoclast differentiation requires osteoblastic stromal cells in co-cultures of mononuclear phagocytic cells and osteoblastic stromal cells5,6). In craniofacial osteogenesis, the osteoclast precursors appear to be located in the restricted anlage before the onset of osteogenesis. Culture experiments using cell populations isolated from mouse embryonic day 14 (E 14) calvaria indicated that the calvaria tissue contains osteoclast precursors at this stage of mouse embryogenesis7). We also reported that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAPase)-positive mononuclear cells, presumably osteoclast precursors, were present in mouse E 11 mandibles in vivo8). Thus, early osteogenesis in intramembranous ossification of the craniofacial region may provide a useful model to examine the relationship between preosteoclasts and osteoblasts during osteogenesis. However, although TRAPase is a marker enzyme for osteoclasts and their precursors9,10), it is unknown whether the TRAPase-positive mononuclear cells in our model differentiate into multinucleated osteoclasts. In the present study, we cultivated mouse E 10 mandibles in a serumless, chemically-defined medium, to determine whether the TRAPase-positive cells are the precursors of osteoclasts.


This short review aims to highlight the importance of checking the identification of plants that are going to be used in a natural product or medicinal plant research projects as well as checking that the accepted Latin scientific binomial for the species are used. Medicinal plants play an important part in the primary care of many people and are often overharvested and thus need to be conserved. This chapter provides a review of some of the international policies that support plant conservation. It suggests that authors consider how the identification and validation of the medicinal properties of plants can assist highlight the importance of biodiversity and thus the importance of plant conservation. Plants are important to the health of many communities and it is therefore important that information about these plants is correctly documented and researched.

Keywords:

plant names;
medicinal plants;
traditional Chinese medicine;
botanical;
onomic


This study examines the interval-valued time series which is an ongoingness issue in time series. The study aims to obtain new time series forecasting methods using different combination of several analysis methods and modeling techniques and to determine the methods and models that provide the optimal accuracy by comparing the forecasting accuracy of the proposed methods. Different approaches and appropriate modeling techniques are used for analyzing interval-valued time series. The data of experimental study is obtained by analyzing the interval-valued time series via forecasting methods. These values represent variables in the variance analysis of our study. The obtained results are analyzed by using statistical analysis. Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U-test are applied to evaluate the performance. Which one of the methods provided better forecasting results and their pros and cons are examined. Four real time series are used in the implementation and the forecasting performance of the methods are compared and evaluated.


To the Editor:

We appreciate the interest in our article and the comments in the above letters. Like Dr. Rothschild, we also were surprised by the frequency of erosions in the nonrheumatoid controls, even though one of our authors, Dr. John Crues, who is a musculoskeletal radiologist, finds these frequently in orthopedic patients being imaged for nonarthritis reasons, e.g., occult fractures. We agree with Dr. Rothschild that it will be intriguing to learn of the natural history of these lesions.

Interestingly, the same month our report was published, another article in Arthritis and Rheumatism compared the periarticular bone structure …

Address correspondence to Dr. Olech; E-mail: ewa-olech{at}omrf.org


In this paper,we have explained the virtual network techniques in detail,analysed its realizing methods and critical techniques,discussed the influences upon our manufacture industry that are made or will be made.\;[


A novel model for updating snowmelt estimates utilizing sparse, yet high quality snow course survey (SCS) measurements for the purpose of improving long term stream flow forecasts is presented. The paper provides details on the development of the mathematical scheme of the model from first principles of energy and mass balance of the snowpack. The development methodology represents a successful attempt at the challenging task of explicitly tying a complex daily highly nonlinear energy-budget snowmelt function to the irregular SCS measurements. The updating scheme facilitates the updating of sensitive snowmelt parameters that have a long-term seasonal impact on snowmelt runoff. The updating model is integrated within a river flow forecasting model, the UBC Watershed Model, for the purpose of improving seasonal stream runoffs. Preliminary application of the updating model shows significant improvements in both the snowpack and stream flow forecasts. Convective and latent heat (turbulent) exchange A temperature gradient above the snowpack results in a convective heat exchange that could be greatly accelerated under high wind velocities. Moisture transfer either to the snowpack via condensation or out of the snowpack by sublimation results in a latent heat gain or loss, re-spectively. Latent heat transfer is also affected by wind conditions. The relative significance of convective and latent heat melt varies dramatically. The melt contribution of these processes is relatively low under clear warm weather due to the stability of the overlying warm air layer. In contrast, their contribution can be very significant under windy conditions or during winter rain on snow events. Quick (1995) presents the following equations for estimating the convective and latent heat fluxes: The proposed updating procedure was tested on generating snowpack and stream flow forecasts for the Illecillewaet River basin in British Columbia Canada. The results show significant improvement in both forecasts, despite the use of few SCS measurements. The preliminary promising results of the presented snowpack updating model show its great potential for use in seasonal river flow forecasts for mountainous watersheds.


The aim of the study was to evaluate histopathological changes in adrenal glands in dogs. 32 dogs (0.5–18 years of age) were examined during a routine autopsy. Dogs were divided into 3 age groups: young dogs (0.5–5 years, n=9), middle-age dogs (6–10 years, n=11) and old dogs (11 years and more, n=12). Morphological and histopathological examinations were performed. Percentage of adrenal glands pathology in dogs increased with age: the incidence of pathology in young dogs accounted for 22.3 % and in old dogs and more 91.7 %. Most common histopathological changes were: adrenal cortex hyperplasia (diffuse, nodular), atrophia, degeneration of z. fasciculata and z. reticularis, hyperemia. Also there were lymphocytic–plasmocytic inflammation, cortex adenomas, pheochromocytomas, cortex hemorrhagia, and cortex atrophy. Single cases of extramedulary haemopoesis, atherosclerosis and metastasis into adrenal gland capsule were identified.


Objective To investigate TP affection condition in patients before operation and transfusion and to put forward the best method to determine serum anti-TP antibody.Methods We detected anti-TP antibody by ELISA and the positive samples were tested by TPPA. The samples which were both positive were carried out TRUST.Results We found out 373 TP affected in 37510 patients, the positive rate was 0.99%.Conclusion We should detect TP antibody by TP-ELISA which is more sensitive and more specific,then confirm the positive samlpes by TPPA.


Although innovation sharing between a buyer and a supplier—a common practice in the automotive industry—can increase the efficiency and total profit of a supply chain, suppliers are often reluctant to do so. Sharing innovations would leave the supplier in a vulnerable position if the buyer were to exploit the information (e.g., by resharing the supplier's innovation with competing suppliers). Anecdotal evidence from automotive suppliers tells us that the nature of a supplier-buyer relationship for the most part depends on who (e.g., a short-run-focused procurement manager or a long-term-focused engineer) manages the relationship. In this paper, we examine how the allocation of decision rights to short-run- and long-run-focused employees affects collaboration between the firms. To accomplish this, we model a relationship between a supplier and a buyer where the buyer is a dual decision maker, consisting of long-run- and/or short-run-focused employees. We characterize the equilibrium of this model and show that the frequency of collaborative outcomes is lowest when the procurement manager has full control and highest when the engineer has full control or in a setup where employees can unilaterally enforce collaboration. A laboratory experiment confirms that collaborations occur more frequently when a manager with a long-term focus is in charge of or actively involved in decision making. Depending on how joint control is structured, joint control can help or hurt collaboration: Collaboration is highest when employees can unilaterally enforce it, whereas the random joint-control case results in collaboration that is as low as in the procurement manager control case. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.


We present the results of a computational study of the recombination and cascade of antihydrogen into its ground state. We use a full time-dependent theory for recombination and compare the results with those predicted by (quasi-) time-independent theories. We introduce a stochastic interpretation of the recombination process and use it to explore the dependence of the recombination coefficient on plasma temperature and density. We use the time-dependent approach, introduced here, to explore the effect of a stimulating laser field on the recombination process.


Field studies were carried out to assess the foraging activity and the breeding system of Avicennia officinalis L. in Chettuwa, Thrissur, India during the two flowering seasons of 2018–2019.  A. officinalis, also known as the Indian mangrove is a common mangrove occupying the river banks of the Kerala coast of southern India.  The plant blooms massively during the onset of the first summer showers.  The flowering to fruiting period lasted from April to July. Bagging experiments revealed that A. officinalis preferred a mixed breeding system though they had a low fruit set recorded in self-pollination experiments.  A total of 15 species of foraging insects belonging to three orders, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, were observed.  The three most abundant insect foragers were Apis florea Fabr., Campsomeriella collaris Fabr., and Chrysomya megacephala Fabr.  Among these, A. florea showed a significantly high visitation rate followed by C. collaris and then C. megacephala.  C. collaris, however, had the highest and most significant handling time for Avicennia officinalis than A. florea.  The peak foraging activity was recorded from 1000h to 1100h and from 1500h to 1700h.  These findings emphasize the importance of insect flower visitors in the breeding of A. officinalis, highlighting the need to maintain the plant-pollinator relationships for the protection of mangrove ecosystems.


This paper is concerned with the control of bifurcation and chaos in voltage controlled buck converter, which is a piecewise-smooth dynamical system. By taking the advantage of the OGY method, a two-parameter control strategy is put forward. It prevents the system from losing stability due to the error in obtaining the unstable periodic orbit (UPO) while OGY method is applied. An application to a simple voltage controlled boost converter is also presented.


Contemporary high performance microprocessors are moving beyond faster clocks and wider busses to meet the growing demands for computational power. Techniques such as multiple threads of execution and heterogeneous processing cores are becoming more mainstream bringing with them interesting challenges for operating system and application developers alike. Fast synchronisation algorithms and lockless data structures are finding increasing relevance when applied to applications and operating systems running on these microprocessors. In this Literature Review we seek to gain an understanding of the state of the art for these types of algorithms, contemporary microprocessors and the benchmarks used to quantify their performance. Armed with this we intend to develop a plan of research so that we might contribute to the body of knowledge through work in COMP6702 in Semester 2, 2006.


Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetics profiles and bioequivalence of galanthamine. Methods:Twenty-four healthy male volunteers were orally administered with a randomized and single crossover dose of galanthamine hydrobromide solutions (test sample) and immediate release tablets (reference sample) 5 mg. Following after the extraction of the alkalinized plasma samples of the volunteers using ether, the plasma galanthamine were quantified by reverse phase HPLC with a fluorescence-detection at Ex290 nm and Em320 nm. The pharmacokinetic parameters including variance and two-one side t test analysis and relative bioavailability were calculated using 3P97 pharmacokinetics software. Results: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of galanthamine hydrobromide solutions and tablets were as follows: Cmax(31.53±5.59) vs. (33.44±5.72)μg·L-1;Tmax(1.66±0.79)vs. (1.51±0.72)h;t1/2 (7.06±2.16)vs. (6.64±2.30)h; AUC0-∞(340.6±77.2)vs. (325.5±77.7)μg·h·L-1.The relative bioavailability of galanthamine solutions was 105. 6% . Conclusion:The two formulations were bioequivalent.


Businesses increasingly consider sustainability issues in their strategies to develop their organizations to be fit for future (Doluca, Wagner, & Block, 2018; Hörisch, Wulfsberg, & Schaltegger, 2019, online). These strategies often focus on minimizing negative externalities, but doing so potentially fails to address increasing systemic (market) risks associated with wider sustainability transitions (Loorbach, van Bakel, Whiteman, & Rotmans, 2010). Societal transitions are defined as nonlinear, disruptive systemic shifts that result from unsustainable, path-dependent optimization, ignoring emerging alternatives and existential pressures. For businesses operating in a context of emerging societal transitions, this poses a complex challenge: to transform their own business models in tune with shifting societal and market conditions. If successful, however, businesses that develop proactive transition strategies can help shape future markets that operate within planetary boundaries and this way evolve towards truly sustainable business models. This implies rethinking future markets and consumer preferences and helping to build new consumption patterns and to change lifestyle patterns towards higher levels of sustainability. Earlier research dealing with sustainability contributions beyond the organizational boundary have focused either on large companies or on entrepreneurial ventures. The first strand of literature emphasizes opportunities and challenges for businesses to contribute to sustainability transformations of their organization and markets and suggests that contributions to large-scale sustainability transitions will likely differ by company size (Gallo & Christensen, 2011; Hörisch, 2018; Loorbach & Wijsman, 2013). Frequently, large corporations are highlighted to be the levers for sustainability transitions due to their substantial direct impacts on environmental and social developments and their broad outreach along supply chains (Brown, Vetterlein, & Roemer-Mahler, 2010; Christ & Burritt, 2018; New, 2015). The second strand of research emphasizes entrepreneurial potentials of radical, disruptive sustainability-oriented innovations and proposes that startups, pioneers, spin-offs, and other entrepreneurial ventures are key for driving sustainable development at the large scale (Hockerts & Wüstenhagen, 2010; Johnson & Schaltegger, 2019, online; Schaltegger, Lüdeke-Freund, & Hansen, 2016). For small and mediumsized enterprises, frequently, their collective impact on sustainability transitions is emphasized, as about 70% of all global environmental damage is created by small and medium-sized enterprises (Hillary, 2004; Revell, Stokes, & Chen, 2010). Still, the interlinkages between both strands of literature have so far gained only scant attention. Coevolution of sustainability transformations of small and large companies leading to sustainability transitions at the mesoor macro-scale have been highlighted while underlying processes have not yet been in the core of research attention (Loorbach & Wijsman, 2013). What strategies, experiences, and effects characterize successful and failed sustainability relevant mergers, acquisitions, or alliances? What paths aiming to contribute to sustainable development can be distinguished and what learnings can be drawn from them to inform management, societal stakeholders, and governments? What barriers and challenges are faced in exchange and collaboration, ranging from language and professionalization to resources and networks? Additionally, the complex nature of sustainability transitions complicates the assessment of business contributions to sustainability transitions. Still, rigorous assessment will be crucial for creating corporate strategies as well as for designing respective policies and incentives to increase corporate contributions to sustainability transitions. Consequently, submissions to this special issue analyze how companies of different size can and do contribute to sustainability transitions. Issues addressed in submissions could include, but are not limited to the following:


Aim:In order to investigate the role of the human zona pellucide 3 portein(hZP3) in the fertility regulation,recombinant hZP3 C-terminal peptide was expressed in pichia pastoris yeast. Methods: The hZP3 DNA fragment(794-1282nt) was amplified by PCR from the hZP3 cDNA.The cloned DNA fragment of hZP3 was inserted into an expression vector pPICZα for pichia pastoris.Then,the linearized recombinant plasmid pPICZα-hZP3CT was transformed to Pichia pastoris X-33 by electroporation.The transformant cell carrying high copy hZP3CT gene were selected on the plates with high concentration zeocin.Expression of hZP3 peptide was induced by methanol and verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Results: The engineered yeast strain containing high copy-gene of the recombinant hZP3 peptide was successfully constructed.Western blotting showed the recombinant protein was expressed after methanol induction.Conclusion:The recombinant hZP3 peptide was successfully expressed in the engineered yeast and reacted specifically with the mouse antiserum against hZP3.


The experience of controlling events in the external world through voluntary action — the sense of agency (SoA) — is a subtle but pervasive feature of human mental life and a constituent part of the sense of self (Gallagher, 2000). However, instead of reflecting an actual connection between conscious thoughts and subsequent outcomes, SoA may be an illusion (Wegner, 2002). Whether this experience is an illusion, indicating no actual causal connection between conscious intention and physical outcome in the world, has been the focus of intense philosophical and scientific debate since the beginnings of these fields of enquiry. More recently, the fields of experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience have begun to identify specific antecedents of the experience of agency — whether veridical or not (Haggard, 2008). Similar to the perception of causality, which depends on the temporal structure of the events, humans' experience of their agency is very sensitive to the temporal interval separating bodily actions from the external effects of those actions. Accordingly, just as studies on perception of causality in the outside world have paid much attention to the temporal configuration of events, many contemporary studies have also focused on the contribution of the temporal organization of events giving rise to SoA, and in turn how experienced agency might influence subjective time. Here, I review existing evidence suggesting that subjective time both influences and is influenced by perceived causality in general, and experienced agency in particular. Finally, I briefly speculate that these findings may support predictive coding theories of cognition and perception (e.g. Hohwy, 2013). Correspondence: Matti Vuorre, Columbia University, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com C op yr ig ht ( c) Im pr in t A ca de m ic 2 01 6 F or p er so na l u se o nl y -n ot fo r re pr od uc tio n


This paper estimates individual firm level markup for more than 400 major manufacturing firms in Japan. Our estimates suggest the presence of significant market power for most of these firms, due not only to market concentration but also to the firms' own market shares, as well as advertizing and sales promotion efforts. The paper then goes on to assess systematically the impact on estimated markups of regulatory measures taken by the Fair Trade Commission (FTC) of the Japanese Government. We find that non-punitive FTC activities are directed toward the right targets and are reasonably effective, whereas injunctions, the strongest measure endowed to the FTC, has essentially no effect on the markups of firms in our sample. J. Japan. Int. Econ., Dec. 1999, 13(4), pp. 424–450. Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Social and Economic Research, Osaka University; and Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: L13, L41.


Through introducing the background,the author probes into the philosophic theory and the construction of agile manufacturing.Some problems about the realization of the agile manufacturing are discussed as well.


Inter simple sequence markers (ISSR) were used to assess the genetic stability of micropropagated plants regenerated through axillary buds of clonal apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) rootstock MM111 after twenty second passages. A total of 24 primers were initially screened and finally 15 were chosen for the present study to analyse genomic DNA from mother plants and in vitro plant material. A total of 147 amplification products were generated with an average of 10 bands per primer. The outlier M7 was also taken along with TC raised progenies of MM111 to rule out the possibility that the invariant banding pattern was on account of inefficiency of ISSR primers in detecting variations. A homogenous amplification profile was observed for all the micropropagated plants. The results confirmed the clonal fidelity of the tissue culture-raised MM111 plantlets and corroborated the fact that axillary multiplication is the safest mode for multiplication of true-to-type plants.


We investigate a novel variant of the well-known MaxRS (Maximizing Range Sum) problem - namely, the MAxRS3 (Maximizing Area-Range Sum for Spatial Shapes). The MaxRS problem amounts to detecting a location where a fixed-size rectangle R should be placed, so that it covers a maximum number of points - or sum of weights, if the points are weighted - from a given input set of 2D points. While variants have tackled the settings in which the input set to MaxRS problem consists of polygons instead of points - the solution is still based on (weighted) count. We postulate that in many practical applications it is of interest to determine where to place the input rectangle so that the total area-coverage in its interior is maximized. In this paper, we formalize the MAxRS3 problem and propose (to our knowledge) the first solution to this new problem.


In recent years, sustainable construction materials are highly recommended in construction projects due to reduce the degradation of natural resources. An experimental investigation with varying percentages of coarse recycled concrete aggregate was conducted on self-compacting concrete. The primary goal was to explore the suitability and impact of coarse recycled aggregate in concrete fresh generation. The demand for building products has risen tremendously in latest years, so the quantity of building and demolition waste has increased, placing enormous stress to the atmosphere. The use of recycled aggregate in concrete is a suitable solution to extend the lifetime of natural resources and thereby lead to sustainable developments in construction field. In this investigation, SCC is modified by recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in various percentages of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) substitutes from 0 percent to 100 percent with a 20 percent increase. Durability and the mechanical properties of modified SCC was determined. From the results it is revealed that the substitution of RCA in the place of NCA significantly improved the durability properties.


The article considers such concepts as Internet communication, forum, emoticon (smileys). The author points out the basic functions of emoticons in the texts of forums, pays attention to the interaction of punctuation marks and emoticons.


Wine coffee processing is currently very popular in the Gayo Highlands. This study aims to analyze commercial wine coffee's physicochemical characteristics. Wine coffee samples were collected from 9 active producers in Central Aceh and Bener Meriah. Analysis was carried out on coffee beans and brewing, including analysis of bean size, moisture content, color, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total phenolic content (TPC). The results found that Gayo arabica wine coffee has a medium size, moisture content of 8.53%-11.67%, and yellow to brown color. Physicochemical characteristics of brewed wine coffee also showed varying results. The pH of coffee wine brewing ranges from 4.68 to 4.95, TDS 3.93-4.5 o Brix, and TPC 12.82 to 30 GAE mg/g. Further research is needed to analyze the more complex chemical components of wine coffee (volatile and non-volatile) and their correlation with brewing quality to obtain more comprehensive scientific information on wine coffee quality.


Contemporary research on union formation in the United States largely focuses on how economic deprivation impinges upon union formation decisions by race. Union formation among specific Latino subgroups, particularly Mexican Americans, is relatively understudied. Mexican Americans are of special interest because they exhibit marriage behavior similar to that of non-Latino Whites, and have a relatively precarious economic existence. This directs attention to the normative foundations of marriage. Using the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households, this research examines nonnative beliefs about marriage and cohabitation among non-Latino Whites, Mexican Americans, and mainland Puerto Ricans. The results indicate that Mexican Americans tend to be more pronuptial than non-Latino Whites. They evaluate marriage more positively relative to singlehood, and marriage intentions significantly boost their approval of cohabitation. The former is particularly evident among the foreign born. Such differences cannot be explained fully by socioeconomic background or beliefs about nonmarital sex and childbearing. Puerto Ricans are least disapproving of cohabitation in the absence of plans to marry, primarily because of their beliefs about nonmarital sex and childbearing. Profound transformations in family formation processes have swept the United States during the latter half of the 20th century. Among the best documented are the decline in fertility, and increases in premarital coitus, age at marriage, out-of-wedlock childbearing, and marital dissolution. Collectively, these trends reflect fundamental changes in union formation norms. In recent years, there has been "a dramatic and pervasive weakening of the normative imperative to marry, to remain married, to have children. ... That is, the power of the socially shared beliefs that individuals 'ought to' or 'should' follow these particular family patterns has been diminished" (Thornton, 1989, p. 873; but see Oppenheimer, 1994, for a different conclusion). The weakened normative imperative to marry is particularly evident in the growth of nonmarital cohabitation as a common experience during the life course (Bumpass, 1990; Bumpass & Sweet, 1989). Moreover, the recency of these trends has contributed to confusion about the meaning of cohabitation. Cohabitation may be a phase of courtship, a stage of marriage, or simply a relationship that is an end in itself. In short, marriage is allegedly losing its lustre with changes in norms regarding nonmarital sexual activity, childbearing, and cohabitation. Although these changes are broad, it is premature to conclude that they are reflected equally in the diverse groups that compose the U.S. social landscape. Studies of marriage behavior suggest considerable variation in marriage norms across racial groups (Bennett, Bloom, & Craig, 1989; Espenshade, 1985; Schoen & Klugel, 1988) due to inequalities in access to economic opportunities (see Lichter, McLaughlin, Kephart, & Landry, 1992; South & Lloyd, 1992; Wilson, 1987), and due to cultural traditions (Cherlin, 1992). However, Mexican Americans and non-Latino Whites have similar marriage patterns despite dissimilar socioeconomic profiles (Bean & Tienda, 1987). In the 1990 U.S. Census (5% Public Use Microdata Sample), approximately 65% of non-Latino, White, 25-year-old women (47% of non-Latino, White men) were ever married, versus 67% of their Mexican American counterparts (49% of Mexican American men). Mainland Puerto Rican men and women have the lowest chances of marrying by age 25 among all Latino subgroups. Approximately 56% of Puerto Rican women aged 25 are ever married (44% for men). This is consistent with their status as the most economically deprived Latino subgroup (Bean B Tienda, 1987). Thus, a comparison of non-Latino Whites and Mexican Americans reveals a paradox of nuptiality -- high rates of marriage under relatively poor socioeconomic conditions for the latter group. …


A two-fluid analysis of the modes of propagation in a magnetoplasma-filled waveguide may be based upon the solution of a pair of coupled partial differential equations for the longitudinal components of the hydromagnetic wave. A method of solving these equations, which involves a system of transcendental equations for a set of undetermined parameters, is indicated. Approximate solutions are obtained with pressure, resistivity, viscosity, heat conduction, and current inertia treated exactly, while neglecting certain effects, such as the Hall effect, which are generally small at hydromagnetic frequencies. The effects of viscosity and heat conduction on the dispersion relations are shown explicitly.


The ever-growing demand for portable devices and electric vehicles are drawing widespread attention to advanced energy storage systems. Over the past few decades, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have vast potential to act as the next-generation of rechargeable power source due to their high theoretical specific energy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benignity. However, insufficient sulfur utilization, inferior cyclability, and rate capability originating from the intrinsic insulating features of the sulfur and notorious polysulfide shuttle are major obstacles to fulfilling the industrialization of LSBs. In this respect, the introduction of a functional barrier layer coating on a separator has been verified as an effective strategy to overcome the aforementioned intractable problems. In this review, we focus on summarizing the current progress of the modified polyolefin-based separators (known as functional separators), including functional separator facing cathodes and functional separator facing anodes. According to the working mechanism, functional separator facing cathodes are divided into physical adsorption separators, chemical adsorption separators, catalytic conversion separators, and multifunctional separators. Meanwhile, functional separator facing anodes are classified into physical barrier separators, induced lithium growth separators, regulated lithium nucleation separators, and hybrid mechanism separators. Finally, the future perspective coupled with the practical utilization of functional separators in LSBs is proposed.


This note describes and illustrates a study of deep cases using a large sample of sentences. The purpose of the note is to draw attention to the value of the source material used for those interested in casebased representations of sentence meaning, and to indicate the potential utility of the study results.


Abstract : Experiments at the shore and in the nursery were conducted to develop an accelerated and more effective revegetation program on beach and dune areas. Four grasses show promise: American beachgrass, sea oats, dune panic grass, and saltmeadow cordgrass. Randomized blocks of plantings, with at least three replications, were used in the experiments. Comparison of various methods of producing nursery stock, transplanting at the shore, and fertilization produced positive results shown in figures, tables and photographs. The most practical and economical methods for each step of the program are suggested. American Beachgrass is best planted between 1 November and 1 April. Plants, of 3 to 5 stems, dipped in a clay slurry, are spaced 18 inches by 18 inches by a machine planter. Depth of planting is 6 to 8 inches. Such a planting, properly fertilized, was used in dune 'growing'. Fifteen months after planting, a strip 100 feet wide had accumulated 16 cubic yards of sand per running foot of beach. Experiments are being continued.


We have investigated several factors affecting the augmentation of the aphidophagous syrphid Episyrphus balteatus in Mediterranean sweet pepper greenhouses. First, the effectiveness of releases has been assessed by recording the larva and pupa number. The abundance of E. balteatus varied between greenhouses, which was not observed to be a release effect. Second, two experiments were performed to assess the effect of three biological control management strategies on the release residence time. In the first experiment, the greenhouse ventilation was shown to have a significant influence on the adult population residence time, which was higher when the side walls were closed rather than open. The introduction of additional floral resources (sweet alyssum and coriander) did not have a significant effect on the release residence time. In the second experiment, the age of the released adults was assessed, and 2-day-old adults stayed longer in the greenhouse than 7-day-old adults, but the 7-day-old adults had more time to lay eggs. Although syrphids are effective aphid natural enemies, the release methodology of introducing pupae appears not to be effective in Mediterranean greenhouses. In this paper, we propose changing the methodology of releasing E. balteatus.


Renewable energy resources are widely used because of providing green and economic energy for the consumers. Multilevel inverters generates low harmonic waveforms at the output, therefore they are most suitable for energy conversion to deliver efficient power to the loads from renewable energy sources like photovoltaic systems. In this paper a new dc source less topology has been introduced for multilevel inverters. It uses crossover switches to generate the maximum output voltage levels. The Crossover Switches Cell (CSC) multilevel inverter can generate all possible voltage level among the DC supply and regulated DC voltage capacitor. A voltage controller has been proposed to keep the DC capacitor voltage regulated in case of load changes. The simulation results prove the capability of CSC in producing maximum voltage levels as well as the controller ability in balancing the capacitor voltage even if the DC supply voltage changes.


In "Uses of Instructional Time in Classrooms Serving Students with and Without Severe Disabilities," Hollowood, Salisbury, Rainforth, & Palombaro (this issue) have produced a research study that investigated a timely topic: inclusive education for students with severe disabilities. It is with great personal interest that I read this article, applauding the authors for addressing empirical questions arising out of policies and practices that often have a philosophical basis only. Applied demonstrations of the behavioral effects of proposed practices can only help consumers of special education research (teachers, administrators, and parents) make better decisions and judgments about services and practices to adopt and use. In developing any new area of research, the initial investigators must take special care to ensure that the readers and consumers of the published research understand the exact conditions under which the effect is obtained, to ensure greater replicability of experimental variables. Investigators also need to explicitly specify the experimental conditions that were not analyzed in the scientific study, under which the same behavioral effect may not occur. Too often the practicing public alters one (or more) of the conditions from a published study, and thereby possibly negates the critical variable(s) responsible for the behavioral effect. The authors clearly stated the boundaries of their findings and the possible limitations of their study, but these limitations are worth revisiting. FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS What are the findings of this study? The major research question posed was, "Does the presence of a student with severe disabilities in a general education elementary setting affect the level of task engagement in students without disabilities?" For this initial study, the comparison between levels of engagement of students without disabilities in an inclusive class versus students without disabilities who were not in an inclusive class produced no differences between these two conditions. This is certainly an encouraging finding in that the inclusive education in this study had no adverse effect on students who are not disabled. However, the next question is the extent to which these findings generalize (Hersen & Barlow, 1976). What conditions present in the Hollowood et al. investigation might be limiting factors in the generalizability of the results? Let's consider the following factors, which were present in the Hollowood et al. (this issue) study: (1) the number of students in the general class, (2) a general education model that was reported to be one of structure, (3) the presence of an aide to offer individualized instruction and attend to other needs of the student with severe disabilities, and (4) the training and experience of the aide. As an example, the presence of an aide might be critical to attaining the level of engagement found in this study. Concurrently, the absence of an aide in the general class might (highly probable) result in a failure to replicate these results. The reader and consumer of this information must be clear on how "inclusive education" was implemented in this study. Readers of this study should clearly understand the research questions that were addressed, the conditions under which such questions were addressed, and the list of potential limiting factors that related to the generalizability of the results to other applied efforts (Hollowood et. al., 1995). AREAS FOR FUTURE STUDY Although some questions were addressed in this initial investigation, several other important questions, need to be posed and studied. Future studies on inclusive education might address three major areas: (1) learner outcomes, (2) training and qualifications of the aide in inclusive education, and (3) relative costs of the different education delivery systems. Assessing learner outcomes, either through achievement test measures or curriculum-based measures (Tucker, 1985) as a dependent variable - for students both with and without disabilities - is a high priority for future research efforts involving inclusive education. …


This paper describes an analog actuation circuit for a novel frequency-modulated MEMS gyroscope. The circuit provides an amplitude-modulated (AM) signal as the input into a RLC resonant drive circuit, which drives the gyroscope. The actuation system is composed an automatic gain control (AGC) loop, a low pass filter, an amplitude modulation component and a resonant drive circuit. The AM signal is composed of a modulating signal that excite a natural frequency of gyroscope drive mode and a carrier signal with a frequency corresponding to the electrical resonant frequency of the RLC circuit. Both feedforward and feedback AGC configurations are used to stabilize the envelope of the signal. However, the breadboard implementations of the feedforward and feedback circuits in their current configurations have similar signal to noise ratio to that of the function generator. To improve the actuation circuit performance, we plan to include the resonant drive circuit within the AGC feedback loop and implement the actuation circuit on PCB.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


This paper describes an approach/philosophy that can be adopted when applying Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) based Protection and Control (P&C) Solutions to Non-standard substation topology - the approach aims at reducing P&C costs and risks associated with application design errors. (5 pages)


Background discussion of the Sistine Chapel and its problems of conservation, with report on the content of three conferences given in March 1988 by Gianluigi Colalucci in Santander, Spain. Discussed then were former restorations as well as Michelangelo's painting technique and the cleaning and consolidation work carried out on the ceiling frescoes.


The paper presents the results of research into fatigue cracking in the air and on fatigue-corrosive cracking in 3.5% NaCl distilled water solution. The samples of ferrito-perlite 15G2ANb and bainite and marten-sitic 14HNMBCu-special steels were tested. The tests were carried out in the threshold-close area at the two values of stress ratio R=0.2 and R=0.7. The research aimed at recognizing the boundary values of ranges of the stress intensity factors K_th and K_thc in the air and under the corrosive environmental conditions.


In its effort to fight HIV/AIDS epidemics in Papua New Guinea (PNG), in August 1997 the Prime Minister directed the Department of Health to mobilize all sectors of the community to develop a National Plan of Action. Along with other government and nongovernmental organizations, the correction service was set up to take charge of the prevention and management of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted disease related issues in the PNG prison institution. Among its prevention activities includes establishment of Aid Post in each prison, and correctional officers trained as Aid Post leaders or nurses to provide basic services. The Department of Health trained the correctional service health workers as peer educators. The success of the program is yet to be determined but initial assessment indicates the need for a wider community support for the correctional service of HIV/AIDS and general health services to grow in different areas.


Fast and accurate physics-based models for HEMTs and h/PESFETs suitable for computer aided design of MMICs are described. These models are incorporated into Microwave HarmonicaTM and enable the prediction of device non-linear performance, bias dependent equivalent circuit parameters, and I-V characteristics, based on the device geometry and material profile.


Objective To compare MRI manifestation of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI)and evaluate its value in diagnosis and predicting outcome.Methods A retrospective study was done on CT and MRI manifestation performed within 24 days after trauma in 33 cases.Initial neurological status was evaluated by using Glasgow coma score(GCS).The MRI scanning was done respectively by u- sing spin-echo T1W1 and T2W2.The prognosis was evaluated by the extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOS)six months after TBI.Results The results revealed good recovery in 10 cases(30%),slight physiological or intellectual deficit in 15(45%)and moderate disability in eight(24%).CT scanning showed abnormality in 23 cases(70%)but normal in 10.MRI scanning showed 29 cases with 44 in- tracranial lesions but four normal(P<0.05).MRI detected 1.76 times more than CT scanning in as- pects of number of intracranial lesions.Intracranial lesions were located predominantly in the frontal and temporal regions.The cases with lesions at the frontal and temporal regions detected early by MRI resulted in poor prognosis.Injury severity was closely correlated with prognosis(P<0.05).Conclusions Early MRI image is valuable for evaluating prognosis in cases with mTBI.The cases with lesions at the frontal and temporal regions detected early by MRI have poor prognosis.Severity,number and location of the injury is related to prognosis.