This research aims to determine the influence of budget production costs to increase revenue at PT. Plantations of Nusantara II (Persero) Plantation Jasmine Perbaungan. The type of research used is associative research. The population used in this research is the income statement of PT. Plantations of Nusantara II (Persero) Plantation Jasmine Perbaungan. The sample used is the income statement for the period 2015-2018. The type of data used in this study is the quantifying data, while the data source used is secondary data. The data collection techniques used are documentation. The data analysis technique is with the quantifying tenics. With a simple linear regression method with the help of Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) 21. The results of this study showed that the production cost variables did not affect the increase in revenue at PT. Plantation Nusantara II (Persero) Kebun Melati period 2015-2018.


A novel application for high intensity GaAs-based solar cells is conversion of monochromatic light transmitted by fiber optics into electrical power for remote sensors. At present, the efficiencies of these devices are as high as 58%, and the systems can deliver 0.5 W electrical at distances of /spl ap/1 km. A typical OMCVD grown, six sector GaAs-based device, with an illuminated portion 0.15 cm in diameter, produces V/sub OC/=6.7 V, J/sub SC/=8.15 A/cm/sup 2/, and an efficiency of 55% under 820 nm illumination of 250 mW. Also reported are modeling and characterization of In/sub x/Al/sub y/Ga/sub 1-x-y/As devices for operation at 1320 nm, to examine the tradeoffs between increased fiber transmission, larger currents and lower voltages, relative to GaAs.


Social support networks are considered important coping mechanisms in the literature, however not all households experience the same levels of inclusion in these networks. Understanding how support networks vary across climatic shocks is necessary to ensure that adaptation and development policies do not erode access to networks but few studies have investigated this phenomenon. We contribute to filling this gap by exploring social networks in two Ugandan communities during floods, droughts and nonclimatic stresses. We use social network analysis (SNA) to examine the structures of different support networks, and the ties that exist between households. We find (1) support networks differ depending on the stress experienced; (2) networks are characterised by bridging social ties with little evidence of bonding social ties and (3) core households that provide support within the networks typically hold formal positions in village institutions, mediating access to both formal and informal support structures. Using SNA to study social support networks under climatic hazards suggest social ties are not as dependent on bonding ties as existing literature suggests. Our findings have important implications for adaptation and development policies and programmes that seek to maintain and develop community support structures, particularly those dominated by informal ties. Submission date 22-10-2013 Publication date 03-06-2014 About the Authors Rachel Berman is in the final stage of a PhD in Environment at the Sustainability Research Institute, University of Leeds. She has a BSc Earth Systems Science and an MSc in Sustainability (Environment and Development). Rachel's research interest focuses on the role of institutions within climate change adaptation in a developing country context. Dr Claire Quinn is an ecological social scientist with over 10 years of experience working on interdisciplinary projects in Africa and the UK. Her research interests lie in the links between ecological and socio-economic processes in the management and conservation of natural resources. Specifically Claire's research focuses on the distribution of property rights in multi-resource systems and the implications for management; and livelihood vulnerability and adaptation to environmental change in agricultural communities. Jouni Paavola is Professor of Environmental Social Science and Deputy Director of the ESRC funded Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) in the School of Earth and Environment at the University of Leeds. His research examines environmental governance institutions and their social justice dimensions, focusing on climate change and biodiversity. He also leads the CCCEP research programme on climate change governance. He has published his research in journals such as Science, Ecological Economics and Environment and Planning A, and has co-edited three volumes published by Blackwell, MIT Press and Routledge. He is a member of the Scientific Committee of the European Environmental Agency and editorial boards of Ecological Economics, Environmental Policy and Governance, Environmental Science and Policy and Environmental Values.


Vasopressin is a neurohypophyseal hormone with multiple biological activities. It is a vasoconstricting agent, and as an antidiuretic hormone, it acts on the kidney to increase water retention. Moreover, vasopressin is a potent stimulator of myometrial contractility and is believed to be an important etiological factor in dismenorrhea.' It also has been suggested that vasopressin could play a role in the biomolecular events of preterm and term labor in women.* However, the extent of vasopressin involvement in the parturitional process is still largely unknown. Human endometrium and myometrium contain vasopressin receptors, as well as oxytocin receptors.*" During pregnancy, oxytocin receptors in the myometrium sharply increase towards term; conversely, the concentration of myometrial vasopressin receptors is relatively constant with advancing ge~ ta t ion .~ Nevertheless, vasopressin also could be of importance in stimulating myometrial contractions, since during labor the fetus secretes large amounts of this h ~ r m o n e . ~ , ~ Vasopressin also could act on the myometrium indirectly by stimulating prostaglandin E2 production by a m n i ~ n . ~ Recently, oxytocin gene was found to be expressed in animal and human gestational tissues at term pregnancy.8 Therefore, it has been suggested that oxytocin could be released by these tissues and that it could act on the uterus not only as an endocrine hormone, but also as a paracrine mediator. Presently, there is no corresponding information on vasopressin. This study was undertaken to examine the in uitro release of vasopressin by human fetal membranes and decidua at term gestation, to verify whether vasopressin is contained in the above tissues and to evaluate whether differences in vasopressin content of these tissues could be detected in relation to term and preterm labor. Vasopressin levels in maternal peripheral, retroplacental and fetal umbilical plasma and in amniotic fluid at term gestation in relation to the presence or the absence of labor were also evaluated.


For the first time has been researched the significance of traditional craftsmanship patterns from ethnographic and archaeological point of view in investigation of development of features of urban culture in Ganja on the basis of scientific arguments. Were noted the main results of investigations of local researchers in this field with scientists from the USA and Japan on the basis of application of innovative technologies and methods. These scientific investigations have a great applicative significance. It is possible of production of these handicraft wares for ancient, classical and Mediavel periods on the basis of its production technology and materials in the modern time as new models. In the future it would help to continue the both scientific-research works, also ethnographic and archaeological investigations, excavations and for the main academic results in this field.


The shielding effectiveness of the coaxial transmission lines is currently quantified in terms of transfer impedance, a lumped-element concept. Its measurement is based on two meth- ods, the more recent of which, the line injection method, is in- tended to extend the technique to higher frequencies. In doing so, wave propagation effects are introduced which produce potential distortion of the quantity we intend to observe. Also, the test ar- rangement is imperfectly grounded, thus unpredictable common- mode coupling may be present. This paper describes the ap- proximations of the basic equations involved and the uncertain- ties related to the experimental equipment. A configuration of the injection line intended to minimize common-mode effects, and improve the predictability and repeatability is adopted. An ex- perimental verification based on the comparison with the tradi- tional and more closely defined method of the triaxial coupler is offered.


The introduction of lockdown due to the spread of COVID-19 in the spring of 2020 has fundamentally changed the way people live around the world. We had to solve the problems that have arisen in families, the education system, the economy and finance. The higher education authorities faced the issues of organizing distance education for students. The work analyzes the opinions expressed by full-time MADI students who had to switch to distance learning in March 2020. The authors have classified the students' answers. In general, the students' attitude to distance learning is negative. Especially it applies to practical training. Among the main drawbacks are technical difficulties, household and economic problems, the lack of quality methodical study by teachers. The results of the content analysis of the opinions of MADI students in general coincide with the results of processing a mass Further analysis of the problems of distance learning is certainly necessary.


A second hominid site (KT 13) has been discovered by the MPFT (Mission Paleoanthropologique franco-tchadienne) in northern Chad. The fauna is characterized by some provincialism (at least five new species) and includes approximately 30 taxa, of which 22 are mammals. The age of this fauna is between 3 and 3.5 Ma. The faunal and sedimentological contexts can be interpreted as representative of a mosaic landscape in a region bordering a lake or a river.


Currently, the rural-urban disparity in access to higher education opportunities is primarily trending toward continuous shrinking; however, this disparity is still very clear and is especially marked in terms of opportunities to attend the top universities. Urbanization and the extension of admission to colleges and universities have played an important role in reducing the disparity between urban and rural areas. To further shrink the gap, we should assiduously promote the process of urbanization and gradually work to lessen the gap in the conditions of urban and rural elementary schools.


The speech recognition technology has had a very fast development in recent years,and already got some applications in man y fields.Based on C a signal speech recognition system of small words and isolated word are provided in the paper.The design of the system Can be very easily expanded to get an other Speech Recognition with a few changes.


This paper discusses the details of the OpenAccess API standard and reference database, such as, Embedded Module Hierarchy and oaConstraint class hierarchy through which foundry rules are represented in OpenAccess. It provides details on performance and discusses native support for multi-threading. Comparative results are presented on the merits of compressing the database. It also discusses the OpenAccess standardization process and levels of compatibility between releases that are part of the standardization approach.


The 6.10 by 4.27 m (20 by 14 ft) vertical heat flow hot box at the Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technical Center has recently been used to make measurements on a variety of roof/ceiling insulation systems used in the steel bar joist and metal deck construction typical in commercial buildings. Since these systems varied in geometry from one with roof insulation only to one combining roof insulation, a plenum, and an insulated hung ceiling, the sample support needed to be nearly 1.22 m (4 ft) tall. This meant that the extraneous energy flows through this support would be a substantial fraction of the sample energy flow for well-insulated samples. Furthermore, these relatively large flows combined with the variety of system geometries would have required that calibrations be developed for multiple geometries. The solution to this problem was to provide a thermal guard around the sample support to minimize the losses through it. This guard consisted of a channel, in which the sample was replicated and exposed to the same indoor temperature, maintained by an unmetered energy source. This resulted in approximately the same vertical temperature profile along the outside of the sample support wall as on the metering chamber side. This system was successful in keeping the energy flows through the sample support below 5% of the sample energy flow. A calibration procedure was then used to quantify these small losses, which were used in the calculation of sample thermal resistance.


The sheet-pile bulkhead has been widely used in China in recent years.In order to verify and perfect the current design and computation theories,sheet-pile bulkheads anchored by a single layer of tie-rods have been studied by centrifuge modeling tests.In the tests,reinforced concrete diaphragm sheet-pile front wall and steel sheet-pile front wall are simulated respectively with the retaining heights of 18 m and 21 m.The bending moment of the front wall and the rear anchored diaphragm wall,the earth pressure of both sides of the front wall and the seaward side of the rear wall are measured,and the tensile force of tie-rods are measured as well.At the same time,the horizontal displacements of the front and the rear walls and the stability of structure during the operation process are also observed.The analysis of test results shows that the mechanical responses of the structural components of the bulkhead are not only governed by the retaining height of the front wall,but also closely related to its deformation,which is the function of its bending stiffness.


The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of women`s outdoor sports wear purchase decision factor on brand image, brand identification and word of mouth. By doing so, this study aimed to utilize the result of study for a practical marketing strategy in operating and establishing outdoor sports brand for Korean outdoor market circumstances. The participants of this study consisted of 450 female consumers selected from two districts(Seoul and Gyeinggi in Korea). Samples were extracted by convenience sampling method. 449 surveys were collected, and removing those that have no or insufficient answers, total 439 surveys were used as data in actual analysis. In data processing; via SPSS 18.0 version for Window, frequence analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach`s α, Pearson`s correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted in order to study the relationships among women`s purchase decision and brand image, brand identification and word of mouth. Based on the results, the following conclusion was obtained. First, women`s cause of purchase outdoor sports wear was for children and husband (39.9%) and self-wear (53.3%). Additionally, women`s practical use was almost daywear (29.4%) and outdoor activity and casual clothing (59.2%). Second, women`s outdoor sports wear purchase decision factor (functionality, aesthetic, dependence of brand, service and self-display) had potent influence upon brand image, brand identification and word of mouth.


Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as determined by ankle brachial index (ABI) testing is a potent marker of adverse cardiovascular prognosis, yet PAD frequently remains asymtomatic or u...


The cost of damage to the non-structural systems in critical facilities like nuclear power plants and hospitals can exceed 80% of the total cost of damage during an earthquake. The failure of nonstructural components, especially, piping systems led to leakage of water and subsequent shut-down of hospitals immediately after the event. Consequently, the evaluation of performance of these types of structural configurations has become necessary to mitigate the risk and to achieve reliable designs. This paper focuses on a methodology to evaluate the static and dynamic characteristics of complex actual piping system based on NFPA-13 and SMACNA guidelines. The result of this study revealed that current piping system subjected to design lateral force and design spectrum based on UBC-97 was failed in both cases and mode shapes between piping system and building structure were very different. Keywords—Nonstructural component, piping, hospital, seismic, bracing.


INTRODUCTION Technology advanced rapidly during the 20th Century. One hundred years ago, 17 Dec. 1903, the Wright Brothers fl ew the world's fi rst powered aircraft at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. It was a fl ight of 37 m (120 ft) that lasted 12 sec at a maximum speed of 16 kmph (10 mph). Forty-four years later Chuck Yeager would break the sound barrier — Mach 1 at 1086 kmph (675 mph). Twenty-two years after that in 1969, Neil Armstrong landed on the moon. So what is the role of plants for human life support? Plants reduce the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) and produce oxygen (O2) during photosynthesis. They can also help convert wastewater into potable water through transpiration and subsequent condensation and collection of clean water. Plants also produce carbohydrates and food for human consumption (Fig. 1). In the international space station and NASA's space shuttle, physical-chemical methods are primarily used to produce oxygen and absorb or vent carbon dioxide from the cabin atmosphere (Fig. 2). NASA plans to use plants to supplement physical-chemical systems to produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. Plants also have a role in supplementing human nutrition as part of NASA's "salad bar" program of fresh greens and vegetables. Plants are also important for the psychological well being of the crew.


Heteroblasty refers to a phenomenon that a plant produces morphologically or functionally different lateral organs in an age‐dependent manner. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the production of trichomes (epidermal leaf hairs) on the abaxial (lower) side of leaves is a heteroblastic mark for the juvenile‐to‐adult transition. Here, we show that the heteroblastic development of abaxial trichomes is regulated by a spatiotemporally regulated complex comprising the leaf abaxial fate determinant (KAN1) and the developmental timer (miR172‐targeted AP2‐like proteins). We provide evidence that a short‐distance chromatin loop brings the downstream enhancer element into close association with the promoter elements of GL1, which encodes a MYB transcription factor essential for trichome initiation. During juvenile phase, the KAN1‐AP2 repressive complex binds to the downstream sequence of GL1 and represses its expression through chromatin looping. As plants age, the gradual reduction in AP2‐like protein levels leads to decreased amount of the KAN1‐AP2 complex, thereby licensing GL1 expression and the abaxial trichome initiation. Our results thus reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which a heteroblastic trait is governed by integrating age and leaf polarity cue in plants.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a cognitive behavioral stress management program on perceived stress, coping strategies, and cortisol in people with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Method: Patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from of a public health center in an urban area. Thirty-five participants (experimental group=17, and control group=18) enrolled. The experimental group received small group-based cognitive behavioral stress management training for eighty minutes per session, once a week for eight weeks. Data were collected at baseline and ninth week for perceived stress, affect-oriented coping, problem-oriented coping, and cortisol. The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Results: The experimental group had significantly less perceived stress (t=-9.82, P


Beginning with general debates about the character of pedagogy in architectural design studios, and the role of constructivist educational theory and tacit knowledge in efficacious learning and teaching, this article makes some predictions about the interrelationship between these processes. These predictions are then tested by conducting an empirical research at one of the early design studios of architecture education devoted to residential design, in the department of art and architecture at Kerman Azad University in Iran. These tests have shown significant differences between the design performance of students who have been subjected to constructivist educational theory in their design process, and those who encountered other pedagogical approaches. This paper uses these findings to confirm that applying constructivist educational theory in the design studio leads to an increase in tacit knowledge, the kind of knowledge that is required among designers, as design is related to a skill- based domain dealing more with knowing how to complete tasks than of mere reliance on knowing facts. In this article, it is argued that if such educational strategy gains currency in schools of architecture, the outcome will be a positive experience of pedagogical efficacy through supporting lifelong learning. This efficacy, when woven with tacit knowledge, can create architects that are more dependent on their own critical thinking abilities, more interrelated to communities of people, and more responsive to their feedbacks, which in turn allows them to be more realistic in their endeavors. (Amineh Andjomshoaa, Seyed Gholamreza Islami, Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad-Amrei. Application of Constructivist Educational Theory in providing Tacit Knowledge and Pedagogical Efficacy in Architectural Design Education: A Case Study of an Architecture school in Iran. Life Science Journal. 2011;8(1):213-233) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com .


With the increasing amount of data and expanding of application demand, the efficient organizational management and rapid processing speed of remote sensing data have become a bottleneck in the application of remote sensing technology. The earth partition theory and high performance computing provide a possible way to solve the above problem. Combined with global partition model, the conceptual model and data model of partition facet template were proposed based on partition facet of remote sensing image. A computing mode of partition facets based on templates was designed, and a small partition template database was established. A specific example of partition image data template applications was also given for validation. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the data model and improve the efficiency of targets retrieval.


Introduction/Background
Simulation can supplement clinical placements with the potential to increase placement capacity and provide students with experience in areas of need. Videoconferencing enables simulation to be administered centrally
and accessed remotely.

Purpose/Objectives
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a remotely accessed simulated learning program designed to complement a traditional physiotherapy clinical placement.

Issues/Questions for exploration or ideas for discussion
A total of 178 students undertaking 5-week musculoskeletal placements took part in the simulated learning via one of three videoconferencing systems. Students were invited to complete questionnaires before and after their placement based on the reaction, learning and behaviour levels of the Kirkpatrick model; and perceived
system usability.

Results
Twenty-eight percent (49) of students responded to the questionnaires. Intrinsic Motivation Inventory scores indicated moderate levels of interest, competence, tension and confidence (means ranged 4.0- 5.4 on a 7-point scale). Students' confidence post simulation increased in communication, assessment and management (p<0.0001, Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test). Overall, students rated simulated learning as having a positive impact on the communication, assessment and management performance in their clinical placement (means
ranged 5.1-5.8 on a 7-point scale). The videoconferencing systems were rated below the usable level of 68 on the System Usability Scale.

Discussion
Students generally reported a positive response to the program, and a positive impact on their learning and performance. The results highlight challenges associated with using videoconferencing technology for simulation or patient management.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the potential of remotely accessed simulated learning as a valuable addition to physiotherapy students' clinical placement.


Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to describe the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of an athlete with long-standing groin pain. This aims to highlight the use of diagnostic ultrasound as an adjunct to physical assessment, differential diagnosis and patient education. Materials and methods: An athlete presented a groin pain with 6 months of onset, who was refractory to conservative treatment. A systematic assessment approach and ultrasound scanning in static and dynamic positions led to the diagnosis of mild tendinitis of the conjoint tendon, adductor-related groin pain and obturator nerve entrapment. Conservative management using symptom-specific treatment was implemented. Pain levels during rest, running, forward lunge and palpation were measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) each session. General health status was measured using EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D). Maximum match time that the patient could play pain-free was also monitored. Results: A reduction in pain, demonstrating a reduction in VAS scores during running from 8/10 to 0/10, forward lunge from 4/10 to 0/10 and palpation from 5/10 to 0/10; improved pain-free playing duration; and improved general health status with improved EQ-5D scores were achieved. The patient was able to return to playing professional level pain-free after 3 weeks of therapy. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the usefulness of sonographic findings in differential diagnosis, patient education and treatment rationale. This case report suggests further investigation of the role of ultrasound imaging in groin pain, which may enable clinicians to apply differential diagnosis effectively. Clinicians who have access to diagnostic ultrasound or the skills to use ultrasound integrated into their clinical practice may have better treatment outcomes.


The concentration and separation of Pd(Ⅱ) were achieved by using a column packed with. 0.1 g sulphydryl cotton fiber. The interferences from Fe (Ⅲ), Al(Ⅲ), Ti(Ⅳ), etc, were greatly reduced. The Pd content was determined by 3, 5-diCl-PADAT photometry. The method is simple and rapid, with adequate accuracy and precision.


The main goal of this paper is presentation of a simple simulation of the propagation in indoor environment. This simulation refers to propagation between different floors, giving prediction of path loss for transmitted, diffracted and reflected rays separately. These results offer a possibility to determine particular decaying shapes for different ray types instead of composite signal decaying constant (the most common approach), what may be important for network design in some critical situations. Analyses included propagation between the transmitter and receiver distanced up to ten floors at frequency 1800 MHz and for vertical and horizontal wave polarization.


In this study, some mechanical properties of Paulownia ( Paulownia elongata ) wood obtained from Menderes- Izmir region were determined using related Turkish standards. The mechanical properties investigated were compression strength parallel to the grain, static bending strength, modulus of elasticity and impact strength. The average compression strength parallel to the grain, static bending strength, modulus of elasticity and impact strength were determined 36.70 N/mm 2 35.79 N/mm 2 3883.14 N/mm 2 0.25 kgm/cm 2 respectively. Based on the information given in the this research, paulownia woods can be used for the production of furniture, packaging material, woodworking and roof beams.


Advancing pregnancy induces obvious physical changes for women over time. However, numerous not-so-obvious physiologic, hormonal, and metabolic changes also occur during pregnancy of which ophthalmologists should make themselves aware.


Rational design of hollow mesoporous silicas with distinctive morphology has attracted considerable interest for their promising applications of different functions. Herein, we reported hollow mesoporous silica ellipsoids with quasiperiodic cocoon-shape, and fully investigated the evolution of external morphology and interior structure with solution concentrations. However, synthetic theories used so far hardly provide reasonable explanation. Therefore, a morphogenetic mechanism upon interfacial destabilization dynamics is proposed based on the experimental results, in which unstable interfaces of emulsions influenced by harmonic perturbations are employed as secondary templates for the nonequilibrium deposition/diffusion of rod-like micelles, explaining well the controllability of the morphology. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT Taro-like hollow mesoporous silicas were produced via a secondary-templating strategy. A nonequilibrium growth based on interfacial destabilization dynamics is proposed for further design of mesoporous silicas with other distinctive patterns.


Marine ecosystems subjected to human impacts are increasingly managed using marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs have been suggested to not only benefit harvested species but also to increase ecosys ...


A laser diode driver and a limiting amplifier for multirate and multistandard optical transceiver modules from 155Mb/s to 2.1Gb/s had been developed using a 0.5-mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. With new driving circuit, the laser can be DC-coupled to the laser diode driver for reduced component count and ease of multi-rate operation. Automatic power control (APC), modulation compensation and built-in temperature-compensation are also achieved. Careful circuit design enables the limiting amplifier to realize better input sensitivity of 2mVp-p and provides approximately 50dB of gain. A novel received signal strength indicator (RSSI) circuit is proposed to accomplish the input signal-detect function, and the circuit complexity and current consumption can be reduced. A low-frequency feedback loop is integrated in the limiting amplifier to reduce input offset, making it below 100muV typically


Separation analysis of resin mixtures for paint was examined by thin layer chromatography and the following results were obtained. (1) Nineteen resin mixtures were prepared by the mixing of two different resin solutions. Chromatography of these resin mixtures were carried out on silica gel plate using various solvent systems as the developer. The separation of resin mixtures were possible by using iso-propyl alcohol-acetone (6 : 4, v/v) and methyl alcohol-ethyl alcohol (1 : 1, v/v) as the developing solvents. (2) Detection reagents must have selectivity for coloring resins because their Rf values were variable when resins having different molecular weight or composition were developed. Each resin was colored characteristically when iodine vapor, Ehrlich reagent and diphenylcarbazone reagent were used in combination as the detection reagents and resins were possible to distinguish respectively. (3) The detection limit were between 10-6g and 10-6g depending upon the kind of resin.


Groundwater, subsurface stormflow, and overland flow components of discharge, derived from a hydrological model that was applied to a forested headwater catchment in north central Virginia, were used with measured stream water and lysimeter concentrations of dissolved silica to investigate the hydrochemical behavior of the catchment. Concentrations in base flow, taken to be a reflection of groundwater, vary with discharge, an observation in conflict with the typical assumption of constant concentration used in end‐member mixing analyses. This observed flow dependence was modeled by considering the concentration in groundwater to be related to the saturation deficit in this zone. A positive correlation between the average groundwater saturation deficit and base flow dissolved silica concentrations is consistent with batch experiments and petrographic analysis of regolith core samples, which both indicate an increase in silica available for dissolution with depth in the groundwater zone. In the absence of subsurface storm flow zone sampling during rainfall events a constant concentration was assumed for this zone. Concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) paths in the stream were used to evaluate the modeled stream silica concentrations. An inconsistency in the direction of the modeled C‐Q rotations suggests that the storm flow zone dissolved silica concentration may also vary with time, because of the "flushing" of high‐concentration, preevent soil water on the rising limb of the storm hydrograph. For this catchment in Virginia the assumption of a constant concentration for subsurface storm flow, as well as for base flow, appears to be invalid.


This article collects, combines and assess most crucial information regarding practised port dues and incentives in ports which enhance ports' competitiveness and attract calls of "green" cruise lines. It focuses on the economic and environmental importance of solutions currently used in Europe including Baltic Sea Region with recommendations for the future, presentation of the most crucial and innovative green systems and providing best practices from the other areas.


Translation plays an important role in learning foreign language. Translating, however, is not an easy task because each language has its own rules in phonetic, structure and word. In order to achieve the equivalence, there are some techniques involved in translation process. This study was to analyze the use of translation techniques in subtitling the Dhaup Ageng documentary movie, to find out which translation techniques were mostly used and to investigate the ways in which the translation techniques were used. This study used descriptive-qualitative approach to describe the results of the analysis of translation techniques. The object of the study was the subtitle of Dhaup Ageng documentary movie which consist of 77 utterances of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X. The findings indicated that literal translation was applied in 19 excerpts, compression was in 13 excerpts, borrowing was in 9 excerpts, transposition was in 8 excerpts, linguistic amplification was in 7 excerpts, amplification was in 4 excerpts, compensation was in 3 excerpts, calque, established equivalent and reduction were applied in 2 excerpts, while adaptation, description, discursive creation, generalization, modulation, substitution, particularization and variation were applied in 1 excerpt. Based on the results, literal translation was the most dominant technique used in subtitling process. It might be used properly if the context required the use of such technique.


We investigated theoretically the ordering-induced change of the {ital E}{sub 1}, {ital E}{sub 2}, and {ital E}{sub 0}{sup {prime}} transitions in Ga{sub 0.5}In{sub 0.5}P using symmetry arguments and first-principles band-structure calculations. We show that upon (111) superlattice ordering these transitions are altered dramatically---some states shift up in energy, some shift down, and new ``ordering-induced`` transitions, absent in the disordered phase, now become allowed. Experimental observation of these changes could serve as new fingerprints of ordering. We have also studied the pressure dependence of the energies of the {ital X}{sub 1{ital c}} and {ital L}{sub 1{ital c}} derived states in the ordered superlattice. The recent experimental observation of the ``{ital X}{sub 1{ital c}}-like`` state at higher pressure is identified as a mixture of the folded {ital L}{sub 1{ital c}} and {ital X}{sub 1{ital c}} states. A microscopic explanation is given.


This report highlights the author's recent study with W. S. Koon (Caltrh), J. E. Marsden (Caltei), and I. G. Kevrekidis (Princeton University). Molecular reactioo as well as functional motions of biopolymers are typically large-amplitude collective motioo that involve alarge number of $degr \infty$ of heedom in acoherent manner. It has been asignificant challenge to understand the mrhtism for sui collective motions. By taking up asix-atom cluster as an illustrative example, we develope amethodology to understand $ \infty 1lective$ motions of molecules with many degrees of &eedom in terms of the reduced dynamioe of $ \mathfrak{B}^{r}ration$ rad \"u, whii serve as predominant collective variables. We highlight the competition between two different kinds of forcae that aesentially mediate the dynamic8 of $ \mathfrak{H}^{r}ration$ radii: One $i \epsilon$ the ordinary potential foroe that originates &om the potential enery function of the system, and the other is an internal centrifugal force that $ori \dot{g}nataebom$ the intrinsic non-Euclidean nature of molecular internal space. While the potential force generally works to keep the mass distribution of the system compact and symmetric, the internal centrifugal force works to inflate and elongate it. We show that the internal centrifugal force induces asignificant dynamic barrier for reaction, whii can often overshadow the $ori \dot{g}nal$ potential energy barrier. of $g metry$ -related dynamical effect8 should shed new light on the conventional picture of molecular reactioo.


In this paper, a generalized analysis model for fringe pattern profilometry is presented. The new analysis model is derived mathematically, which describes the essential relationships between projected and deformed fringe patterns. With generalized analysis model, the projected fringe patterns used for profilometry can be arbitrary rather than being limited to be sinusoidal as those for the conventional approaches. Meanwhile, based on the proposed generalized model, a new algorithm is presented to reconstruct three-dimensional surfaces. Computer simulation results show that compared with the conventional model for fringe pattern profilometry, the generalized model and the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the three-dimensional reconstruction accuracy, especially when the projected fringe pattern is distorted by some unknown factors


This study aims to measure the effect of perceived thermal sensation and comfort to the reaction time for participants aged 18-22 years (Group A) and 35-45 years (Group B). Data collection was done by measuring the reaction time ability and respondent's subjective response to the air conditions (AC) setting of 18 O C (AC-18), 24 O C (AC-24), and Non AC (Control). Results show that in the 18 O C AC setting the reaction time of Group A with regular stimulus was slower than Group B. Whereas by giving random stimulus, the reaction time of Group B was slower compared to Group A. In the condition of the room with AC 24 O C and AC settings not used (T = 26.19 ± 0.55 O C), ordered and random stimulus reaction time of Group B slower than Group A. Furthermore, there is a somewhat different trend between subjective sensation felt by Group A and Group B. The reduced sensitivity of taste senses on the skin part is likely to cause respondents in Group B to feel COLD slower than Group A. Likewise in the thermal comfort trend, where Group A looks more sensitive to changes in existing air conditioning settings. In general, this study shows the importance of including age factors in the design of intelligent AC controlling systems that are more environmentally friendly. 1. Background The level of productivity varies at different levels of thermal comfort [1]. The condition of the human body will be influenced by environmental conditions, both macro and micro. Therefore, someone who enters a room that is hot, cold or not by the condition of one's body will be able to cause a reduction in their psychomotor abilities so that it has the potential to reduce human performance and productivity in carrying out all their activities [2]. Environmental conditions are all the conditions that exist around a person in activities such as temperature, air humidity, air circulation, lighting, noise, mechanical vibration, odors, colors, etc. A comfortable work environment is needed by workers to be able to work optimally and productively. Therefore, environmental conditions must be handled or designed in such a way as to be conducive to workers to carry out activities in a safe and comfortable atmosphere [3]. For someone to work optimally, the temperature conditions recommended for humans who live in the tropics (including Indonesia) are around 20C-27 O C if the air conditioner is not used, and the temperature is 24 O C if using air conditioning [4][5]. According to the Indonesian Healthy Ministry regulation No.261/ MENKES/SK/II/1998, healthy indoor temperatures are temperatures ranging from 18C-26 O C [6]. Thermal comfort describes a person's psychological condition that is usually used to find out whether the worker feels too hot or too cold to be in a certain environmental condition. Thermal comfort will differ from one another because it is influenced by climate variables and the characteristics of each [7]. ICROEST IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 343 (2019) 012008 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012008 2 Body temperature is a measure that describes the balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat released. The average human body temperature is between 36.5 to 37.5 O C [8]. The human body temperature is roughly divided into the core temperature and peripheral temperature. Core temperature is the temperature of vital tissues or organs (brain and internal organs). This temperature is relatively the same in all parts. In other words, the heat distribution in these parts of the body is fast, so the temperature in several different places is almost the same. Humans maintain the body's core temperature constant around 37 O C so that the body's vital organs can continue to function normally. Peripheral temperature or surface temperature of the skin are parts of the body where the temperature is not homogeneous and varies over time [9]. The surface temperature can increase and decrease according to the temperature of the environment. Normal skin temperature ranges from 33 O C [8][9]. Psychomotor is a relationship that leads to motor effects/motion of mental processes (work of the brain). Psychomotor domains are domains that are related to skills (skills) or abilities that act after a person receives a particular learning experience. The psychomotor domain is related to learning outcomes which are achieved through manipulation skills involving muscle and physical strength [10]. Reaction time is a person's time interval to react to a signal or stimulus when the person is given stimuli from the auditory, visual, or perceived system. The reaction time has 5 step mechanisms: the emergence of a stimulus at the receptor, which is a special structure that is very sensitive to certain types of stimuli; propagation of stimulus to the central nervous system; sending a stimulus through a neural pathway and the production of a moving effector signal reacts to a stimulus that arrives past an efferent neuron that is carrying a stimulus from the central nervous system; sending signals by the nervous system to the center of the muscle; and muscle stimulation to do mechanical work [11]. The aim of this study was to measure reaction time in two different age groups due to differences in-room comfort conditions. 2. Methodology This research was conducted in climatic rooms with a room volume of 20,968 m 3 . This study involved male respondents with two different age groups: Group A for 18-22 years old respondents (n=8); and Group B for 35-45 years old respondents (n=8). Room temperature measurements were carried out to determine the average room temperature in the test chamber during data collection. There were two types of tests that are distinguished by the type of air conditioning given to the climatic chamber: without air conditioning (Control); the climatic chamber was conditioned by air conditioning (AC) at a set temperature of 18 O C (AC-18); and the climatic chamber is conditioned at 24 O C (AC-24). Measurement of temperature of the climatic chamber was done using a Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) instrument. The measurement of reaction time is carried out using a wireless reaction time meter that was developed by the research team (patent pending). The tool consists of 2 modules: a module tester for the enumerator, and a tested module for tested participants. All test activities on the module tester are carried out on the touch screen available in the module. All test commands are sent wirelessly to test module. The participant then responds to the tested module according to the stimuli. Subjective sensation and thermal comfort were collected by asking participants directly about the sensations they perceived and projected on a measurable scale. The scale for the perceived thermal sensation was from -4 (EXTREMELY COLD), -3 (VERY COLD), -2 (COLD), -1 (COOL), 0 (NEUTRAL), to 1 (WARM), 2 (HOT), 3 (VERY HOT), 4 (EXTREMELY HOT). For the thermal comfort, the scale was -4 (EXTREMELY DISCOMFORT), -3 (VERY DISCOMFORT), -2 (DISCOMFORT), -1 (BIT DISCOMFORT), 0 (NEUTRAL), 1 (BIT COMFORT), 2 (COMFORT), 3 (VERY COMFORT), 4 (EXTREMELY COMFORT). Figure 1 shows the protocol of the experiment. ICROEST IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 343 (2019) 012008 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012008 3 Figure 1. Experiment protocol 3. Results and discussion The average and deviation standard of participants body characteristics provide in table 1. Group A was recruited from university students, while Group B came from professional workers. All participants had signed inform consent and understood the research protocol well. All participants were also considered to have the same level of acclimatization. Table 1. Participants body characteristics Groups Characteristics Average Deviation Standard A (18-22 years old) Age (years old) 21.25 1.04 Body Weight (Kg) 62.79 10.67 Height (Cm) 166.75 10.38 B (35-45 years old) Age (years old) 39.88 2.70 Body Weight (Kg) 75.59 1.88 Height (Cm) 174.18 4.24 Figure 2 shows the average temperature of the climatic chamber during data collection. Figure 2. The average temperature of the climatic chamber Figure 2 and figure 3 show a comparison of the respondent's reaction time data for each air conditioning condition and type of stimuli. 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 T em p er a tu re ( o C ) Time (Minutes) AC-18 AC-24 CONTROL 9.00 pm 11.30 pm 8.30 pm 9.30 pm 10.00 pm 10.30 pm 11.00 pm Participant in the preparation room Participant in the climatic chamber Continuous measurement of Room Temperature (T) perceived sensation data collection ICROEST IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 343 (2019) 012008 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012008 4 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 AC-18 AC-24 CONTROL R ea ct io n T im e (S ec ) Group A Group B * = P < 0.05 Figure 3. Average reaction time with an ordered stimulus Figure 4. Average reaction time with a random stimulus When participants were given ordered stimulus, in the AC-18 Test, the average reaction time of Group A was 0.76 ± 0.19 seconds while Group B was 0.71 ± 0.18 seconds. In the AC-24 test, the reaction time of Group A was 0.59 ± 0.14 seconds, and 0.64 ± 0.21 seconds for Group B. While in the Test CONTROL, the reaction times for Group A and Group B were 0.39 ± 0.08 seconds and 0.51 ± 0.14 seconds, respectively. In conditions where participants are given a random stimulus, on the AC18 Test, Group A's reaction time is 0.90 ± 0.17 seconds, Group B is 1.11 ± 0.08. For the AC-24 Test, the reaction time of Group A is 0.92 ± 0.12 seconds, and Group B is 1.15 ± 0.39 seconds. As for Test CONTROL conditions, the reaction time of Group A is 0.81 ± 0.10 seconds, and Group B is 0.91 ± 0.17 seconds. Figure 4 shows the average subjective sensation response of Group A for the three conditions of room conditioning temperature, while figure 5 presents the response data from Group B. 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8


Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a powerful cellular alternative for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their multipotency. It is becoming increasingly clear that elasticity of extracellular matrix (ECM) has a profound effect on cell phenotype including adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Integrins are considered to be important mechanoreceptors in mechanotransduction. While numerous studies have focused on α2, β1 and β3 integrin involvement in substrate stiffness-driven commitment of bone marrow MSCs, comparatively little is known about the change of α5β1 integrin expression in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on substrates of variable stiffness. We plated hUCMSCs on fibronectin coated polyacrylamide hydrogels with elasticity corresponding to Young's modulus ranging from 3 to 65 kPa. Our results showed that hUCMSCs displayed different morphologies on substrates of varying stiffness. Cells led to branched morphology similar to that of nerve cells when cultured on soft matrices, while cells became more spread and presented polygonal shapes on stiff substrates. Furthermore, hUCMSCs expressed α5 integrin both on soft substrates and stiff substrates, and the expression levels on the two substrates were similar. The total β1 integrin (including both active and inactive) was higher in hUCMSCs grown on the stiff substrate than that of grown on soft substrates, whereas the activated β1 integrin level on stiff substrates was distinctly lower than that of grown on soft substrates. In conclusion, α5β1 integrin expression in hUCMSCs is dependent on matrix elasticity. The results from this study will provide insight into the role of α5β1 integrin in matrix elasticity-regulated morphologies changes of stem cells and have implication for understanding the mechanism of physical induced lineage specification.


Objective To study the regulations of visual evoked potential(VEP) changes in 30 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods VEP were performed in 30 MS patients,and the results were compared with normal subjects. Results The abnormality rate of VEP were 76.7%. 82.6% of patients with abnormal VEP showed clinical visual symptoms; 17, 4% among those patients have no clinical visual symptoms. Conclusion The rate of VEP abnormal in MS patients is more high. It may help more in the diagnosis of MS.


Awang Helmi,factor that influence coNsumer behavior for customer satisfaction of PT.PLN at sangatta under guidance of Mrs.DR.Titin Ruliana,SE,MM and Mrs.Mardiana,SE.MM. Consideration used byPLN Bontang to open a new Rayon at Sangatta is because the amount of electric power requirement from society and also company,besides the amont of samarinda townee which continue to increase PLN Rayon Upstream samarinda which stand from 2005 with 23.037 customers becomes an atracction because sangatta has the largest amount of townee compared to another city an east berneo province to market this PT.PLN sangatta branch need to now the factors the influence consumer behavior and


The trust management approach , introduced by Blaze, is a unified and flexible approach that allows direct authorization of security-critical actions in open and distributed applications. This paper gives an overview of trust management and a brief discussion of related works, describes the implementation specification of KeyNote trust management system, and aims to facilitate the use of trust manage approach in a variety of network services.


There is the need of alternative treatment strategies for osteochondral injuries that include a defect of articular cartilage and the underlying bone. Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) due to their ease of isolation and multipotent differentiation capacity have been investigated for a long time as cell source candidate for osteochondral tissue engineering. However, their clinical application has been hampered by several limitations most importantly such as intrinsic tendency to acquire a (pre-) hypertrophic chondrogenic phenotype leading to endochondral ossification in vivo, lack of spatial control of the differentiated cell phenotypes and vast donor-to-donor variability, as well as unpredictability of differentiation outcome potentially due to the crude isolation procedure and lack of selective markers.

Part I of the thesis addressed the optimization of the protocol to generate endochondral bone by BMSCs and the assessment of the formation of bone-cartilage composites by combination of BMSCs with nasal chondrocytes (NCs). To this end, an enzymatically cross-linked and cell-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel system served as a scaffolding material. By functionalization of the hydrogel with TGFs3 employing an affinity binding strategy, encapsulated BMSCs were induced to undergo endochondral ossification resulting in the efficient formation of ossicles including a cortical rim and bone marrow upon immediate subcutaneous implantation in immunocompromised mice. This demonstrated that the otherwise needed lengthy in vitro culture step can be circumvented. In bi-layered hydrogels endochondral ossification of BMSCs occurred similarly to the single-layered configuration, while NCs formed cartilaginous tissue, however, unexpectedly acquired hypertrophic features under the influence of the TGFs3 from the BMSC-layer. Replacing TGFs3 with BMP-2 allowed the formation of an osteochondral construct including hyaline cartilage corroborating the potential of our approach to generate cartilage-bone composites. In future, these bi-layered gels need to be tested in an orthotopic model with special focus on how an interface closely resembling the native one can be generated.

Part II of the thesis aimed at elucidating the existence of an expanded BMSC subpopulation with superior chondrogenic differentiation potential. It was hypothesized that retrospective analysis of single clones with high chondrogenic capacity have a different gene expression profile than clones with low capacity and that differential gene expression would guide to prospectively isolate superior chondrogenic potential clones from bulk BMSCs. For one of the tested donors a segregation of clones of high and low CC based on their transcriptomic profile could be observed. Comparison of sorted multiclonal BMSCs based on CD56/NCAM1 - the most promising surface marker identified by the transcriptomic analysis - in chondrogenic in vitro culture assays showed a trend of better chondrogenesis in the CD56+ cells, however, it necessitates confirmation with additional donors. In a further analysis of clones from other donors, intra-donor variability compromised the revelation of transcriptional signatures of clones with high versus low chondrogenic capacity. In future, RNA sequencing as well as cell sorting are required to be performed at earlier time points to exclude confounding effects from extensive cell expansion. Ultimately, identification of a cell subset with superior chondrogenic potential may aid to develop improved BMSC based osteochondral tissue engineering approaches.


I had not heard of this book until I read of it recently in Dr. Noel Poynter's remarkable quarterly catalogue, Current Work in Medical History . To me it was all new, together with William Bean's 2 introductions (1951) and (1961) and that of the late John Fulton. In his postscriptive introduction William Bean treats of Osler's strange melancholy and wonders at its source. Did Osler really know more sorrow than others? Did he feel the loss of his son more than other parents feel their bereavements? I do not think so; the melancholy seems to have been acquired while he was young. Before I hazard my own guess at this, let me tell you how Osler appeared to me as a student and recent graduate. He was little more than the depressing textbook I was obliged to con by rote. Every disease had its etiology, pathology, course, and prognosis, but


Cloudinduced fading is occasional but one of the main impairments affecting free– space optics (FSO). In this paper, the bit error rate of intensity modulated FSO with direct detection (IM/DD) in single–input single–output (SISO) over Ray Leigh fading channels has been represented. It has been assumed that a single information-bearing signal is transmitted over fading channels. Only the effects of amplitude fluctuation have been considered. The expression for BER by finding the conditional probability of Bit Error has been expressed, for given amplitude fading and then averaging the conditional probability. The analytical derivations are built upon by considering that perfect inter symbol interference (ISI) due to broadening of the optical pulses arriving at the receiver. The performance of the FSO link by quantifying BER for different carrier wavelengths and for various transmission bit rate of the communication over cloud-induced fading channel has been investigated.


The main purpose of the present paper is to identify the structures for the complexes formed by six divalent transitional metal ions (namely Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)) with the same heterocyclic ligand, that is able to change the coordination manner, consequently affecting the structure of the respective complex compound.


In this paper,the fundamental theory of wavelet transformation is studied,the characteristics of ECG signals and its study contents are briefly introduced,and the current research situation of ECG signals processing based on wavelet transformation at home and abroad are summarized from the following two aspects: firstly,noise abatement,the research results of wavelet threshold of noise abatement are highlighted,and the current research situations are also outlined in terms of extracting fetal ECG from the composite abdominal signals,myopotential noise abatement,and wave features maintenance.Secondly,wave detection and feature extraction,the detection of QRS complex,detection of ST segment,and R peak extraction are discussed.The results of ECG signals processing with the application of wavelet transformation combined with other theories are also presented.At last,the prospect of ECG signals processing based on wavelet transformation is given.


Vapor phase growth of c-plane κ-Ga2O3 films has been reported on various substrates such as sapphire, GaN, and AlN. However, these films are not single crystalline, but rather a mixture of nanometer-sized in-plane 120° rotational domains. We demonstrate a technique that solves the in-plane rotational domain problem. κ-Ga2O3 was grown by epitaxial lateral overgrowth. A SiOx mask with a striped or dotted-striped pattern was aligned on a c-plane sapphire substrate with a TiOx buffer layer so that the stripe was parallel to the [ 11 2 ¯ 0 ] direction of the sapphire. κ-Ga2O3 was then grown on the substrate by halide vapor phase epitaxy. Electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and selective area electron diffraction revealed that the three in-plane orientations of the κ-Ga2O3 domains converged into one whose [010] direction was perpendicular to the stripe. The convergence occurred through a geometrical natural selection mechanism.


Subject. The article discusses the international economic relations.
Objectives. I determine Russia's position in the economic relations of the USA and China.
Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and the method of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis.
Results. I discovered the persisting dominance of the USA over the world economy due to a growth in broad money supply, which makes it the leader in food exports, trade balance and industrial exports. The same reasons helps the USA constrain some material aspects of economic growth in Russia and China, such as inflation, direct foreign investment, ultimate consumption spending, real interest rate, the ratio of broad money supply to total reserves, total value of traded stocks, export of food, goods and services. Trends in SPX, SHCOMP, RTSI и DXY, USDRUB, USDCNY, USDBRO shows that China strives to reach the U.S. economic level given the stable exchange rate. Raising USDRUB, Russia approaches DXY. In case of low USDBRO, RTSI growth will be significantly curbed. Considering commodities within foreign trade between Russia, the USA and China, I should point out resource exports, while importing technology from the USA and equipment from China.
Conclusions and Relevance. Studying Russia's position in the U.S.–Chinese economic relations, I found that the Russian government should revise foreign trade priorities to end the political and economic independence on the above relations. The findings contribute to the knowledge and competence of the Russian government members for making complementary administrative decision on sources of foreign trade and seizing opportunities for encouraging it.


Semi-unification is the problem of solving inequalities of the form M1 .:5 M 2 in the subsumption lattice of free first-order terms. Since this problem does not seem to have attracted general attention we give a comprehensive treatment of its basic algebraic properties and contrast it with unification, the problem of solving term equations. We show that, contrary to some statements in the literature and in contrast to term equations, term inequalities do not have unique most general solutions with respect to strong equivalence, the preferred notion of "renaming of variables". A natural, weaker notion of equivalence, however, admits unique most general solutions and, more generally, induces a complete lattice onto the set of all solutions of term inequalities. We provide two rewriting specifications of most general solutions, the second of which is uniformly terminating due to a novel extended occurs check.


The epidural administration of opioid has been identified as a method for postoperative analgesia. However, complications such as nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression remain major problems of an epidural administration of morphine. We experienced one case of neuroexcitation with an epidural administration of 1 mg of morphine following a total hysterectomy. The patient exhibited neuroexcitatory symptoms like myoclonus, spasm, and tingling sensations 3 hours after receiving 1 mg morphine epidurally. The symptoms resolved after stopping the morphine infusion.


This paper examines two wild populations of Limonium carolinianum for population genetic subdivision and spatial patterns of genetic variation in an attempt to simultaneously test for both the action of local adaptation to tidal gradients and isolation by distance (IBD). A VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) genetic "fingerprinting" marker was used to infer relatedness among mapped plants in two populations. Band sharing within and between populations estimated F'ST, an approximate measure of FST. Regression models were used to analyze the relationship between band sharing and spatial separation in tidal elevation and horizontal distance, as well as the relationship of fecundity differences with band sharing and spatial distance. Populations differed in band size frequency distributions and mean number of bands per profile and, therefore, likely differed in effective population size. F'ST was estimated at 0.0678 and was significantly greater than F'ST among randomly constructed subpopulations. Band sharing decreased 0.13% per meter in one population but showed no significant relation to distance in the other. In the population with significant IBD band sharing increased with increasingly different tidal elevation, contrary to an adaptive hypothesis, possibly due to directional gene flow or drift. Deme sizes were approximately 25 meters and greater than 100 meters, spanning larger areas than the entire environmental gradient. Fecundity differences were not associated with spatial parameters or band sharing. Unequal potential maternal fecundity measured as variance in number of seeds per maternal family was a significant source of genetic sampling variance. The VNTR marker employed is capable of detecting adaptation as identity by descent in ecological time and is an appropriate method for estimating the net evolutionary fate of polygenic traits. The results show that the net balance between selection along an environmental gradient and the effects of IBD and unequal maternal fecundity favor genetic differentiation by random processes in populations of Limonium.


In this paper, a new islanding detection method for inverter-based distributed generator (DG) is proposed, which is based on voltage amplitude variation. The proposed method can detect islanding with zero non-detection zone (NDZ), negligible consequence on power quality and simple performance. A new formula is embedded in the active power reference equation to deviate and accelerate the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage when islanding occurs. Therefore, a passive under/over voltage relay will be sufficient to detect islanding within the voltage permissible limit. The main benefit of the presented method is its independency from the load parameters such as loading quality factor. The proposed method is modelled with computer-aided SIMULINK/MATLAB software. The presentation of the proposed method is considered for a DG system with both unity and non-unity power factors. The performance is confirmed for different loading quality factors. Furthermore, it is also validated the proposed islanding detection method under imbalance loading.


ABSTRACT Water/steam direct injection is an effective method to lower emissions and improve the power of engines by using waste heat recovery (WHR). The parameters of water injection (WI) and steam injection (SI) were analyzed at compression stroke on the effect of brake power and emissions in marine engines, including injected timing, mass, and temperature. The results demonstrated that NOx emissions were substantially reduced by using WI method. However, brake power was also decreased. The SI method not only decreased NOx emissions but also improved brake power. The NOx emissions were ascended with increasing temperature and delaying injected timing of water. Opposing trends were found for SI method. The injected mass has a large effect on power and emissions compared with the influence of temperature and timing. The NOx emissions can be reduced by 72.8% with 2.08% power loss when the 20 g of water was injected into the cylinder at −50 °CA, 15 bar and 400 K. The NOx emissions can be reduced by 38.9% with 24.7% power improvement when the same mass of superheated steam with 500 K of temperature was injected into the cylinder. It can be obvious that SI method can increase power while reducing fuel consumption and emissions.


The invention and the preferred air cycle performance with the energy density - to provide hydrogen battery. A positive electrode comprising a cathode with air having a negative electrode having a hydrogen storage alloy and the positive electrode and an electrolyte between the negative cation exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane - as the anion exchange resin, the periphery of the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode in the hydrogen battery by coating, by increasing the contact area of the anion exchange resin and a hydrogen storage alloy having a function as an electrolyte, thereby improving the utilization rate and the corrosion resistance of the hydrogen storage alloy.


The purposes of this research are to find out the financial viability of smallholder rubber farming in
Kembang Tanjung Village and the competitiveness of smallholder rubber farming in Kembang Tanjung
village. This research was conducted in Kembang Tanjung, Subdistrict of South Abung, North Lampung
regency. The numbers of samples in this study were 63 people obtained by proportional random sampling.
The analytical methods used to answer the goals were financial analysis method and Policy Analysis Matrix
(PAM). The results obtained from this research showed that smallholder rubber farming in Kembang
Tanjung are profitable and feasible. The smallholder rubber farming at Kembang Tanjung has
competitiveness (competitive and comparative advantage), it could be seen by the PCR value as 0,17 (<1)
and the DRC amounted to 0,09 (<1). The indicator means that the commodity of smallholder rubber
farming at Kembang Tanjung village emerging government policies in term of improving production
effeciency which was the policy in subsidizing fertilizers for farmers.
Key words: competitiveness, financial feasibility, PAM, rubber.


The mite Dichopelmus notus Keifer (Acari, Eriophyidae) causes tan and fall of leaves in mate trees, reducing the production and quality of their products. Monitoring the population levels of this type of mite is important to improve its management in commercial plantations. The objective of this work was to identify the spatial distribution and to determine the number of plants and leaf per plant that must be inspected in commercial cultivation of mate-tea in tan mite monitoring programs. The study was conducted in Chapeco, Santa Catarina, from January 2004 to January 2005. The evaluations were performed fortnightly in a 10-year old orchard, divided into three plots of approximately 2.500 m 2 . In each plot, ten plants were randomly selected and in each, the number of mites was observed in 18 mature leaves. The evaluations were carried out directly in the orchard, using 10- fold increase lenses and 1 cm 2 of fixed field. Spatial distribution aggregate for the mite was confirmed, as well as the need to inspect three leaves per plant, 29 of them at random per hectare, from February to April in order to estimate the population at a level of accuracy of 15%.


The statistical cluster analysis of particulate matter concentration, measured as PM 10 in a network of air-quality monitoring stations located in Kathmandu Valley is presented. PM 10 data for the period 2003-05 has been analysed. Spatial classification was attempted on the basis of ambient air-quality data. A hierarchical agglomeration schedule using linkages between groups by the Euclidean distance metric was used and Ward's strategy was followed to unite two clusters. Two distinct clusters were formed irrespective of the season. The pre-monsoon cluster of monitoring sites reflected similar rural characteristics. The other cluster comprising air-monitoring sites was typified in having urbanized areas with densely populated commercial characteristics with high motor vehicular traffic. The cluster characteristics of monitoring sites during the monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons reflected city-centric and distant area characteristics. Cluster analysis reiterates the fact that it is the nature of sources that matters, on the overall air quality of the area. Results of both cluster analysis and non-parametric tests suggest that in the Kathmandu Valley there is difference in pollutant levels across land-use types and topographical characters.


The paper studies the specifics of the linguistic reflection of the image of a person in the Nizhnekolymsk old-time dialects of Yakutia. Despite the available research, the issue of the preservation of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the Arctic remains relevant in our time. It is of great interest in terms of geostrategic location, natural resources and human potential. The purpose is to describe the composition of the lexical-semantic unit "Man" in the Nizhnekolymsk old-time dialects of Yakutia. The source of the material was the four-volume Dictionary of Russian Old-Time Dialects on the Territory of Yakutia by M.F. Druzhinina. The method of continuous sampling was used to identify 95 lexical units that form the LSU "Man".The structure of the unit includes the following lexical and semantic groups: physical, personal and social characteristics of a man. Intraunit systemic relations are characterized by the presence of a variety of paradigmatic connections: derivational synonyms, inflectional variants, phonemic doublets, antonymic and synonymous pairs, hypo-hyponymic and hyper-hyponymic relations, derivational series. The Nizhnekolymsk dialects are a monument of the Russian old-timers' culture, which is a result of interethnic and cultural contacts between the newcomers and the local population, as well as the influence of natural conditions. The processes of globalization, integration and industrial development of the Arctic accelerate the assimilation of Russian old-timers from Nizhny Kolyma, which makes the problem of the preservation of their ethnocultural identity relevant.


The controversial biographical trajectory of Pablo de Olavide is well known thanks to several research works that have analyzed much of his life and his actions. His reformist zeal, influenced by the ideas and currents of the Enlightenment, ended in a condemnation of the Inquisition, but, fortunately, this process allows us to know his particular way of understanding religion and leisure activities. These have been analyzed as a whole and, above all, focusing on what happened in the city of Seville, having left in the background what happened in those new colonies that were created under his orders in Sierra Morena and Andalusia from 1767 onwards. Hence, the objective of this work is to make an approximation to the leisure model that Olavide tried to implant in those populations, as well as the rejection or resistance that this generated in the clergy and the popular classes.


This arrangement consists of a support of an electronic circuit (6), a housing (1, 2; 5) surrounding the substrate and electrical conductors (13) for electrically connecting the circuit means electrical devices provided outside the housing, which consists of a bottom member (5) holding the circuit carrier with the circuit and a housing cover (1, 2) of plastic material coupled to element bottom (5). The electrical conductors are embedded in the cover, the first ends of the conductor (10) being electrically connectable to the circuit and second conductor ends (15) extending from the cover to the outside. A plug-in connector body (14) is disposed on the cover in the second end zone surrounds the second ends in the manner of a connector housing and has electrical contact pins formed from the second ends.


Removal of the Frontal ganglion in young adult locusts results in growth arrest, disruption of food passage in the gut, reduced faecal out put, and a high mortality. The effects of the operation in...


Increasing the network efficiency & reducing the power consumption are important issues in the design of applications & protocols for wireless sensor network. Sleep scheduling & routing protocol provides efficient communication with less power consumption. In this paper, we address the routing protocol for static network which reduces the computation time & power consumption. Proposed system, in practice, suitable for small & medium sized networks. In this proposed work the first module incorporates the communication between node to node & node to base


Information processing technology currently uses inorganic semiconductor structures. Such structures are fabricated in an essentially planar array on the surface of silicon or gallium arsenide, and have been progressively smaller, primarily by advances in lithography. However, the cost of each successive reduction now increases so much that a practical limit may be approaching. In addition, there are severe physical limits which hinder further progress in miniaturisation. An alternative approach is to start with molecules as basic building blocks, and to assemble the molecules together in a controlled manner so as to create a structure with designed electronic function.


The key to whether the socialist concept of rule of law can pass on the experience of the socialist legal construction and the outstanding achievements of world civilization,lies in the scientific nature of the socialist concept of rule by law.As an advanced concept of rule of law,the scientific nature of socialist concept of rule by law the advanced guiding ideology and rich theoretical origin,but also by the basis of actual practice and systematic composition.Only a good understanding of the scientific concept of socialist rule of law can better improve the status of the socialist concept of rule of law and make it play its role.


The present invention relates to a polycarboxylic acid-based cement dispersant and mortar, concrete admixture using the polycarboxylic acid-based cement dispersant and a method of manufacturing the same. The polycarboxylic acid-based cement dispersant and mortar, concrete admixture using the polycarboxylic acid-based cement dispersant of the present invention is applied to a cement composition such as cement paste, mortar, concrete, increase the dispersion and retention between the cement molecules, inhibiting slump loss and it has excellent fluidity, the concrete mixing operation, such as to shorten the time to more than 20% improvement with (workability) key is effective. Also, mortars, concrete admixtures with the cement dispersant of the present invention has the effect of a very good condition and the concrete compressive strength over time as appropriate.


We have obtained narrow-band images of the Orion Molecular Cloud OMC-1 in various infrared transitions of molecular hydrogen. The molecular emission from levels with low excitation energies (less than or similar to 15 000 K) is made up of numerous linear, jet-like structures. Their collimation factor is typically about 10 and there is no appreciable outward broadening. Most of these structures are arranged radially and seem to originate from an area close to IRc2. They however only become detectable at a projected distance of similar to 10(17) cm from the IRc2 area. The projected length of the linear features is a few times 10(17) cm. Some of the H-2 fingers seem to be associated with fast moving H2O masers.H-2 emission from higher levels (greater than or similar to 19 000 K) shows a different nebular structure: Two nebulosities, one around BN which is bipolar and the other one extending north-eastwards of IRc2 in the Peak 2 region, are detected. Images in various continuum wavelengths show the same pattern as the H-2 emission from high levels.From these images and in conjunction with long slit K and L band spectra of the Peak 2 region we obtain a map of the molecular temperature in OMC-1. The resulting temperature distribution shows little spatial structure on small or intermediate distance scales. It does not show the jet-like structures anymore but displays radial symmetry.The highly structured H-2 emission is mainly due to strong density rather than temperature variations. The observations suggest that the H-2 emission in the linear structures comes from a thin sheet with a thickness of less than one hundredth of the jet width. It is most likely due to molecular material swept up or entrained into the jet from the outside.The visual impression provided by high resolution images is that of very dynamic processes disrupting a molecular cloud. The observed structure has been described by the wakes of dense ''bullets'' ploughing through the surrounding molecular gas. The smooth and only radially variable temperature distribution can however best be interpreted in terms of instabilities in the interaction zone of a stellar wind which collides with surrounding dense molecular material. A thin layer of shocked material is subject to rapidly growing instabilities which may be responsible for the observed linear structures. We draw attention to the fact that the ''thin layer instability'' in rapidly cooling radiative shock zones may be more important than Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities.We have also obtained Fabry-perot images of OMC-1 in the light of selected K band transitions of the molecular ion H-3(+). These include 2 nu(2)(2) R(6) at 2.0933 mu m, 2 nu(2)(2) Q(4) at 2.1944 mu m, 2 nu(2)(2) R(8) at 2.1342 mu m, 2 nu(2)(2) P(5) at 2.2028 mu m and 2 nu(2)(2) P(3) at 2.2039 mu m. No H-3(+) was detected. We also observed Peak 2 spectroscopically in the L band but again without a detection of H-3(+). These observations set a probable upper limit of the H-3(+) concentration of 8.2 x 10(9) cm(-2) OMC-1.


For EDFA-amplified submarine links, we corroborate the results in1 by analytically deriving an approximate capacity-achieving distribution where power is allocated inversely to the EDFA gain.


Experts have long maintained that by outsourcing certain noncritical human resource functions, companies stand to reap significant rewards. Some of more visible benefits may include reduced operating costs, improved service delivery, ability to focus on the core business, and opportunity to leverage expertise not available internally. Human resource outsourcing has grown more prevalent during the past five years, and the trend is continuing. Outsourcing activities such as recruitment, hiring, compensation and payroll administration, and labor relations may significantly reduce human resource related costs incurred by the company. This issue is very much significant when looked at small and medium sized companies studied how HR outsourcing affects the HR role, competencies and relationships with senior management through 27 semi-structured interviews with senior HR professionals, comparing HR departments engaged in HR outsourcing with those maintaining full in-house HR provision. The findings indicate that HR outsourcing stymies HR role transformation. HR outsourcers experienced limited skill development and an increased focus on cost reduction at the expense of their strategic position. In contrast, non-HR outsourcers actively engaged in other parts of the business, developing competencies that garnered trust and support of senior managers. The benefits of an external HR community appear limited. The study suggests that an 'internal' HR community is better placed to enhance HR departmental roles. One might wonder who actually bears the burden of this compensation administration. To understand this, one should briefly outline the fundamental differences between outsourcing and conventional HR.


necessary. In the first three chapters, a basic music vocabulary is presented. This terminology is given at a sufficiently basic level that should make it easy for the reader to understand the concepts, yet it is still useful for understanding music ideas and differentiating music styles. Interestingly, the concepts are initially presented in a cross cultural framework. Music examples used to illustrate these concepts vary in time, place, and style, offering the listener the opportunity to compare and contrast Western music with non-West-


Every day, more than a billion workers are out on their own for part or all of their workday, with no colleagues to turn to in an emergency or collaborate on a task.
 This paper takes a detailed look into a new lone worker solution that ensures that lone workers are protected and get their job done easier.
 The new lone worker solution offers a suite of services that transform the lone worker to a connected worker. Key among these services include:
 AV communication: The lone worker solution provides workers with full audio and visual communications capabilities allowing them to always stay in contact with technical operators.
 Automated incident management: Loaded with pre-designed workflows and a notification engine designed to get help where and when needed, this speeds up reaction times in emergencies.
 Proactive alerts: Lone workers often work in remote and isolated locations making it even more crucial to understand their conditions while there is still time to help. Proactive safety alerts include hazardous work check-ins and fall detection alerts.


The evolution of Cloud computing led to a novel breed of applications known as Cloud-Native Applications (CNAs). However, observing and monitoring these applications can be challenging, especially if a CNA is bound by compliance requirements. To address this challenge, we explore the characteristics of CNAs and how they affect CNAs' observability and compliance. We then construct a reference architecture for observability and compliance pipelines for CNAs. Furthermore, we sketch instances of this reference architecture for single- and multi-cloud deployments. The proposed architecture embeds observability and compliance into the CNA architecture and adopts a"battery-included"mindset. This architecture can be applied to small and large CNA deployments in regulated and non-regulated industries. It allows Cloud practitioners to focus on what is critical, namely building their products, without being burdened by observability and compliance requirements. This work may also interest academics as it provides a building block for generic CNA architectures.


SUMMARY In the SARS epidemics in 2003, cluster of cases occurred in high-rise residential(HRR) building blocks, especially in Hong Kong, which gave rise to the concern of the possible roles of air flow. In this paper, the multiple parallel airborne transmission routes are discussed. In particular we closely investigated one of the most likely virus-spread paths, which is related to single-side ventilation air flow through open windows caused by buoyancy effects. Both tracer gas and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) techniques have been employed, and tt was found that the upper floor air can contain up to 7% of exhaust air directly from the lower floor. The results can well explain the RNA fragments of Corono-Virus (CoV) found within the sampled deposits on the window sills of the upper floors of the two index patients' flats during the SARS outbreak. Implication for ventilation design and infection control in HRR will be discussed.


We investigate the magnetization and electrical transport properties of Sm-based ternary magnetic bulk metallic glasses at low temperatures. A cluster spin-glass phase is evidenced below T(f) similar to 25 K, which is probably ascribed to competition among the multifold magnetic interactions and intrinsic structural inhomogeneity, and further demonstrated by the magnetic hysteresis under field-cooling conditions. It is shown that the short-range magnetic clusters play as scattering centers for conductive electrons and result in a Kondo-like transport behavior in highly spin disordered Sm(50)Al(25)Co(25) at low temperature. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3073829]


Small angle X-ray scattering experiments have been performed to study the microstructure of mesoporous silica materials prepared by condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate using non-ionic alkylpolyethyleneoxide (AEO9) and ionic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant as templates. It is the pores within the nanometre range that produce the main scattering. The scattering of the pure silica systems obey Porod's law. The scattering of the systems with templates remaining in the pores show positive deviations from Porod's law. This may be because the templates produce some additional scattering background and then make the scattering of pores distorted. The results show that the full removal of templates from the pores of the materials by Soxhlet extraction is very easy for AEO9, but it is difficult for CTAB. The positive deviation correction is also performed.


A Young colleague was always anxious to meet the heroes of his profession and to ask: "What must I do to win a Nobel prize?" Some of those interrogated were looking for the answer themselves, but others were able to speak from experience. Sir John Cock-croft advised "Find something that interests you and work at it". Unconvinced, the young man continued the search. It did not produce an easy answer – or a Nobel prize.


THE SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION of buffered desoxycholate for use the of by the technique and the reduction of the process to a single step procedure


Based on the important influence of the use of energy on environmental pollution, the evaluation index of the use of energy and living condition is selected, and the principal component analysis is used to measure the use of energy level and living condition degree in each region. The panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2017 were selected to build a regression model to study the relationship between the use of energy and regional environmental pollution. The results show that the influences of different variables on living condition are different, the influences of the use of energy and population factors on living condition are positive, and the influences of scientific and technological water level on living condition are negative. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to optimize the the use of energy structure, expand the scale of environmental governance investment, and give play to the leading role of the government.


This study examined sewing methods used to reinforce the opening of clothes of the Joseon period. Through the analysis of a total of 117 clothing items of the Joseon period, the following results were obtained. 1. Most costumes of the Joseon period had the opening. The purpose of the opening was to allow one to put on and take off a costume, act comfortably, and turn a costume Inside out. The opening was located on the Side, Conte. Back, fgwi(Side opening of pants), Wristband, Armhole, and Godae(the bark part of the collar). 2. As the opening tended to get easily worn out, it was often reinforced. The 1911owing three methods were used to reinforce the opening of clothing items of the Joseon period: a method to attach a cloth such as Dang, Binding, and Badae; a method using a variety of knots; and a method by sewing stitches such as a sort of cross stitch called Satteugi, Prick stitch, and Loop. 3. The most frequently used reinforcing method was the one that used a knot(34 items), followed by the one by sewing Satteugi(27 items), and the one using Dang(25items). The most frequently detected location of the opening was Side(59 items), followed by Agui(37 items), Wristband(19 items), and Center Back(13 items). 4. The reinforced opening made a costume more endurable and elastic, decorative and neat.


Let m and n be positive integers, and z1,z2,...,zm be m points in real n dimensional Euclidean space En, For eachj=1,2,...,m,let fj be a real valued continuously differentiate function of the positive real variable r, with fj(r)gt;0 for r>0, Consider the real valued function F, which is defined, for w in En, with w=zj forj = 1,2,..., m, by the equation


The paper established the mathematical model for simulating the mo- tion law of ball valve in reciprocating diaphragm pump, the model solved the problem of singular point in motion equation that de- scribed the lifting stroke was zero at start and close stage of ball valve, which made the model more perfect. In addition, the paper worked out the simulation program, and conducted the simulation test to ZGL50/135-K140-2SM350HD soft pipe diaphragm pump. Finally, it compared the simulative result and testing result, which equaled approximately.


Indonesia has long been known as one of the world major producers of black pepper. Bangka Belitung and Lampung provinces are the main black pepper production regions in Indonesia. In addition, West Java is also one of the pepper-producing regions. This research aims at observing the morphological characteristics, yield and quality of a local variety that has been grown in West Java. The observations were carried out in three agro ecological conditions Sukabumi, Purwakarta and Ciamis districts during two harvesting season at the age of 4 and 5 years on 5 plants/plot, repeated four times. For comparison, Petaling1 has been used but only in Purwakarta. The results showed that pepper Ciinten variety has broad-leaved, long spike, high number of fruits per spike, also big the size of berries. The production of green berries per vine 4.30 kg/tree, with levels of the essential oil, oleoresin and piperine are 2.79%, 12.71% and 4.73% respectively (white pepper), 2.74%, 15.98% and 4.34% respectively (black pepper). The percentage of fruit set is also high. To get the same unit of weight on Ciinten variety requires the number of spikes harvested 1/3 times (66) of Petaling 1 (189 spikes), making this variety more efficient in harvesting costs.


A pole placement problem for single input linear time invariant systems with diagonal is studied.A new formula used to compute state feedback matrixes is obtained. As far as the advantage of this formula is concerned, it requires no computation of characteristic polynomial coefficients of eigenvature and its computational efficiency is much superior to some other techniques.


Since the limitation of survey and design,low consciousness of security in the process and intersection construction,the deep well project has some risk resources such as geological condition,environment condition,design scheme and construction quality and so on.Deep well risk analysis is to identify and evaluate the risk harm and provide the proof for the decision-making.


To control oil contamination is one of the most important tasks in operating a mechanical device. Oil contamination level is a quantitative parameter used to determine the level of contamination by measuring the number, sizes and distributions of solid particles in an oil substance. According to classification standards of particles contamination level, a novel method with microscopic digital image processing is proposed to measure it. At first the oil sample to be measured is filtered by a vacuum assisted device to gather the solid particles. The filter paper is placed in between two glasses, and the microscopic digital images of it are captured by an optical microscope and a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera. The images are then segmented and extracted accordingly. After processing these images, binary images are produced to facilitate the measurement of particle size distribution, which is used to classify the contamination level. Thanks to the application of microscopic digital image processing, the proposed method is able to produce a reliable result with much cheaper expense, which was proven by the results of an experiment.


Absorption, reflection and Raman scattering measurements have been carried out for the optical properties of a SrSe thin film grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a BaF2 (111) substrate. The film quality and lattice constant have been assessed by x-ray diffraction, where the good quality of the SrSe thin film is evident in a full width at half maximum value of 310 arcsec. Temperature-dependent indirect band gaps are obtained with the aid of temperature-dependent absorption measurements from 16 to 300 K on the SrSe thin film. By fitting the far-infrared reflection spectra, transverse optical phonon reflection bands in the binary SrSe thin film have been assigned, which are further verified by temperature-dependent Raman scattering measurements.


In the past, visitors to the islands and reefs enjoyed embodied encounters: touch, sound, sight, smell, and taste combined in an oriented experience that created a strong sense of place. Now human encounters are shaped by media and technology, distancing visitors from unique Reef environments. Despite unprecedented access to the underwater, tourists today are more likely to experience the Reef through secondary visual representations, such as photographs and films. These enhanced and brilliant images create a hyper-reality in which the copies appear more wondrous than the real thing.


Antipodal velocity observed for the target with medium also was found to be two to four times higher than that of the target without medium Therefore, we expect that the impact disruption of rubble-pile targets could be enhanced by the medium filling the pore spaces among constituent fragments. Furthermore, the degree of disruption of rubble pile targets might be controlled by the physical properties of the medium.


AIMS
The aim of the study was to identify and quantify factors that control the plasma concentrations of urate during allopurinol treatment and to predict optimal doses of allopurinol.

METHODS
Plasma concentrations of urate and creatinine (112 samples, 46 patients) before and during treatment with various doses of allopurinol (50-600 mg daily) were monitored. Non-linear and multiple linear regression equations were used to examine the relationships between allopurinol dose (D), creatinine clearance (CLcr) and plasma concentrations of urate before (UP) and during treatment with allopurinol (UT).

RESULTS
Plasma concentrations of urate achieved during allopurinol therapy were dependent on the daily dose of allopurinol and the plasma concentration of urate pre-treatment. The non-linear equation: UT = (1 - D/(ID50 + D)) × (UP - UR) + UR , fitted the data well (r(2) = 0.74, P < 0.0001). The parameters and their best fit values were: daily dose of allopurinol reducing the inhibitable plasma urate by 50% (ID50 = 226 mg, 95% CI 167, 303 mg), apparent resistant plasma urate (UR = 0.20 mmol l(-1), 95 % CI 0.14, 0.25 mmol l(-1)). Incorporation of CLcr did not significantly improve the fit (P = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
A high baseline plasma urate concentration requires a high dose of allopurinol to reduce plasma urate below recommended concentrations. This dose is dependent on only the pre-treatment plasma urate concentration and is not influenced by CLcr .


Higher education in performing research is at the forefront of the technological innovation process. For the research to have utility in the process it must be transferred for eventual use in the introduction into the marketplace of new products, processes or services. This article discusses incubators and their possible use in furthering higher educational research in the technological process. It also identifies likely congruities and incongruities between organizations with possible mechanisms and incentives to span the organizational boundaries for continued progress in the process.