This research addresses the situated learning experiences of academics in workplaces by gaining insights into how communities of practice influence career development of academics in Cypriot public universities. The study set out to explore academics' lived experiences of community relations by taking into consideration the impact of power inequalities, access to resources, and their legitimate peripheral participation through the lens of Situated Learning Theory (Lave and Wenger 1991; Wenger 1998). To understand how academics develop their careers in Cypriot public universities, it was important to comprehend how they adapt to their disciplinary communities, engage with their peers, and perceive the existing support for learning and its outcomes. The research was informed by an interpretive paradigm. A single case study approach was used to bring to the fore academics' narratives about their participatory practices. The data were generated through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with twenty academics chosen through a combination of convenience and snowball sampling strategies. The research has been conducted during five and a half months (December 2012-May 2013). Academics' experiences in CoPs were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that academics' career development cannot be properly understood without looking into social relations among scholars and the contextual factors within and across their CoPs. Even though this study challenged Lave and Wenger's (1991) and Wenger's (1998) theorisation, the research findings confirm the significance they placed on the mutual engagement of participants in practice, since task mastery on its own cannot be perceived as a prerequisite for academics' full membership in CoPs. That is why the recommendations highlight the importance of an ongoing involvement of newcomers, who may face diverse forms of participation at the boundaries of CoPs, within the academic life of departmental communities. This is how they construct their academic identities and further develop their membership of the disciplinary CoPs.


SUMMARY EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have changed the treatment paradigm of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The observation of a rapid response to single-agent EGFR TKIs led to the discovery of EGFR-activating mutations, with subsequent studies showing superior progression-free survival in treatment-naive patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC treated with EGFR TKIs versus platinum doublets. On the basis of these findings it has been suggested that the benefit associated with EGFR TKI therapy in unselected NSCLC patients is limited to the subset of patients with EGFR mutation-positive disease. However, studies with erlotinib, a reversible EGFR TKI, have shown that while the drug is associated with a relatively low response rate in patients with EGFR wild-type tumors there is evidence to suggest that it has a positive impact on survival. Evidence supporting the clinical benefit of erlotinib in patients with EGFR wild-type tumors is discussed in this review.


science and theology questions at the interface is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the science and theology questions at the interface is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Objective To investigate serotype and antibiotics resistance patterns of Haemophilus influenzae(Hi) isolated from children with respiratory tract infection in Kunming.Methods 182 isolates from sputum and throat swabs of children with acute respiratory tract infection were collected.Nitrocefin test was used to detect β-lactamase.The sensitivities of antibiotics against 182 strains were determined in vitro by Kirby-Bauer diffusion method,and serotypes were measured by Haemophilus Influenzae Antiserum.Results The susceptibility to AMP was 52% while the resistance rate was 42.7%.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 17.6% in all Hi isolates.The sensitive rates to CFS,IMP,AMC,CXT,and CRO were from 93.4% to 100.0%.The resistance rate of SXT was 78% which was the highest one.Hib accounted only 1.57% among all Hi strains.Conclusions The resistance rate of Hi isolated from children in Kunming is in an upward trend,so antibiotics should be used rationally and be based on the drug sensitivity results in clinical therapy.NTHi is the major serotype of Hi in children with acute respiratory tract infection.The prevalence of Hib is low.


1. When Joe Black married, he was already thirty years old. His ambition was to have a son. He wanted to be a very good father.


Freezing and melting in enclosures of various shapes are important phenomena with applications in solar energy, food and chemical processing industries. In the case of energy storage systems, it is necessary to know accurate rate of phase change and total time for complete freezing/melting to accurately design the systems. In the literature, studies pertaining to freezing/melting of pure materials and binary mixtures are available [1-14]. We consider freezing of pure materials in cylindrical enclosures. The early work of Sparrow et-al [5] gave a correlation for frozen mass with time and temperature drop across the frozen layer of data of freezing n-eicosane on a cooled tube with and without fins. Such a correlation is expected from the mathematical analysis of freezing on an isothermal cooled plate. However, the actual experimental frozen mass at any instant of time were higher than his numerical solutions by about 20%. In addition, they note that the nature of interface and uncertainty in the thermo-physical properties lead to the differences between theory and experimental data. Numerical analysis for transient freezing accounting for natural convection was also given [6-7]. In several papers different mathematical/numerical methods were used to predict transient freezing and comparison of results of improved methods were reported [9]. In the work of EL – Dessoussky et-al melting of paraffin wax on a vertical tube was studied [8]. The transient melting process was identified from the temperature – distributions in the phase change material (PCM) using thermocouples. Correlations in terms of Nusselt, Fourier and Stefan numbers were generated. A detail mathematical analysis leading to approiximate solutions were given by Lin & Jiang [14]. They consider freezing in plate, cylinder and sphere with isothermal surface and conduction control freezing. The quasi-steady state analysis was improved and the accuracy of resulting solution was established by comparing it with literature solutions. The solutions of Lin & Jiang [14] are convenient to use in order to predict freezing – mass (or) freezing rate variation with time. Review of mathematical solutions using various surface conditions were given in references [9]. In this paper, we present an experimental study on freezing of two phase – change materials in vertical cylinders. The experiments were limited to conduction control freezing in order to facilitate a comparison of data with theoretical predictions.


In Vietnam nowadays, smart grids have been built and operated recently in some regions when they enable detecting, reacting and pro-acting to changes in usage and multiple issues of the electricity system, and they may have self-healing capabilities. Therefore, study the correctness of the system design of a smart grid has to be carried out carefully before a grid being implement, especially in developing countries like Vietnam.In this research, we proposed a new approach to represent smart grids using Colored Petri Net (CPN). Our approach allows engineers to configure the net dynamically to verify the capacities of the net. The proposed approach also allows engineers to re-configure the system easily to adapt to any change in the grid without re-modelling the system from the grid topology. Additionally, when the state spaces of the nets constructed by the new approach are smaller than that of the conventional modelling approach, the verification for smart grid properties can overcome its 'inherently intractable' drawback.


Abstract The responses of a cabinet for a reactor protection system under seismic loadings are analysed by using the finite-element method, and its dynamic characteristics are evaluated. Analysed modes are compared with the measured data from a resonance search test. The structural safety of the cabinet is evaluated considering the required response spectrums of the operation-base and safe-shutdown earthquakes. The transient response of the cabinet is analysed by utilizing the measured acceleration of the vibration table representing the seismic motion of the ground. Time histories of accelerations at the locations of major internal parts are extracted. The transient responses are compared with those from the seismic test and the results were found to closely represent the system.


This paper presents a novel method to achieve high yield assembly of millimeter-scale thin silicon chips from an air-water interface. Surface functionalized silicon parts (1000 × 1000 × 100 ¿m3) assemble in preprogrammed hydrophilic locations on a wafer substrate with self-alignment. We optimized the process and design factors systematically using DOE (Design of Experiment) that leads to high yield (100%).


The present paper describes how the FIE 2003 papers were employed by the Civil Engineering Faculty at Centre Universitorio Positivo in order to improve learning through curriculum-wide actions. Before the beginning of the 2004 academic year, each civil engineering professor selected one session from the FIE 2003 proceedings, from which an overview was presented in a faculty mini-conference. During the academic year, some of the ideas discussed are being applied, with preliminary results being included at the time of writing.


As the carrier of artificial intelligence, the development of industrial robots has played an important role in promoting the popularization of artificial intelligence super-automation technology. Based on this research background, the paper introduces the system structure, hardware structure and software system of the mobile robot CLIMBER based on computer big data technology. At the same time, the paper focuses on the mechanism compound method and obstacle avoidance control algorithm of CLIMBER robot.


CONSTRUCTIVE MURDER. AGAIN we have to draw attention to a trial in which the death of a woman frorn the results of an illegal operation formed the subject matter of the charge. Again the judge directed the jury that if they believed the facts adduced in evidence by the prosecution, they must find the prisoner guilty of murder whatever his motive might have been; and yet again the solemn farce has been gone through of sentencing the prisoner to death, to be followed, as in previous cases, by an announcement that the prisoner has been reprieved by the Home Secretary. The case referred to is that of Lieutenant Wark, whio was tried at the Liverpool Assizes last week. It may be that the Home Secretary, in arriving at a decision so promptly, was influenced not so much by the fact that the case was one of "constructive murder," as by the fact that the evidence given against the prisoner was very slight and of a circumstantial nature; but, at the same time, the arguments which have recently been put forward in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL in favour of altering the law apply in the present case. = The direction given to the jury by Mr. Justice Phillimore, who tried the case, is very instructive, not only because the learned judge states the law in almost the same terms as those used in Whitmarsh's case, but also because he goes further, and shows that in this class of case a person may also be equally guilty of murder by being what is known to the law (i) as a principal in the second degree, or (2) by being an accessory before the fact. The following is the most material part of the summing up If a person committed a felony on the body of any one to whom tlhereby death resulted, he was guilty of murdering that person. If a man intended to beat hiis enemy within an inch of his life, but not to kill himi, and deatlh resulted, the law said it was murder. If the unfortunate woman caused her own miscarriage, then, as far as she was concernied, it was in law a case of suicide or.felo de 8e. If the prisoner were her accomplice in that, if he were present aiding or abetting an illegal operation which caused her death, thouglh lie did nlot actually use the instrument, he was equally responsible for her deatli. If he were there, or encouraged or assisted her by getting a room, lhe would be what the law called a principal in the second degree. If lhe merely urged or counseiled, and was not himself present at the illegal opel-ation, lie would be wlhat the law called an accessory before the fact, and would still be guilty of murder. In passing sentence on the prisoner his lordship said:


JP 965682 3/1997 * cited by examiner Primary Examiner N. Le ASSistant Examiner Donald M Lair (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & Birch, LLP (57) ABSTRACT A Hall device biasing circuit includes a plurality of terminals for applying a bias Voltage to a plurality of Hall devices connected in Series, respectively. A magnetism detection circuit includes a plurality of Hall devices connected in Series, and a Hall device biasing circuit including at least a plurality of terminals corresponding to the plurality of Hall devices for Supplying a constant bias Voltage to each of the plurality of Hall devices respectively from the plurality of terminals.


The paper describes a comparison of a C implementation of a linear predictive voice coder (LPC) and an implementation based on Spectron Microsystem's Signal Processing Operating System (SPOX). The hardware platform was a Texas Instruments TMS320C30 Evaluation Module. The SPOX and C implementations were compared based on execution time, ease of program development and maintenance, and portability to different hardware platforms. The vocoder algorithms and the results of the comparison of both implementations are presented.


The principle of cause and effect finds a privileged place in the Vedas. The Vedas recognize the fact that creation out of nothing is an impossibility. Science has also arrived at the same conclusion that matter can neither be created or destroyed. It is immaterial whether science succeeds in ascertaining the exact nature of fundamental particles or not, but the truth remains that whatever be the form of ultimate physical existence is a reality which cannot be denied. The Vedic theory comprehends the existence of an eternal material cause governed by the omniscient lord. In the 4 Ṛk of the same hymn a question has been posed which further throws light on the nature of the initial cause. Vedas have explored this fascinating aspect of our existence and have propounded a comprehensive concept on its creation.


There is limited evidence examining associations between diet and cognitive performance (CP) in older adults. We used the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to determine if meeting dietary recommendations was associated with CP in adults 60+ years of age. Diet was based on the healthy eating index (HEI) 2015 and categorized into quintiles (higher quintiles indicating healthier diet). CP was based on word list learning, animal naming, and digit symbol substitution test, with scores above 25th percentile indicating adequate performance. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted and adjusted for potential cofounders. A total of 3,068 participants completed the CP tests. A slightly higher percentage of participants were female (54.0%), predominantly White (80.5%) and the largest percentage (54.7%) was 60 to 69 years of age. The mean HEI-2015 score (0-100) was 54.89 (SE = 0.56). High CP scores increased with healthier dietary quintiles. However, results were only significant (p for trend <0.05) for digit symbol substitution test when comparing those in the highest quintile (82.53%) to those in the lowest (70.23%). Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of HEI-2015, participants in the highest quintile had a two-fold increased odds of better digit symbol substitution test scores, after adjusting for confounders (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.28-3.01). Results showed that meeting healthy diet recommendations is associated with improved digit symbol substitution test, a marker of attention, processing speed and executive function. Future research should consider the role of diet in older adults to improve cognitive performance.


Due to the present-day social and cultural perception the museums founded in the last decades require to be organized according to a new type of relation between the institution of culture and the public; this kind of connection is at the same time a reaction against the danger that menaces progressively the patrimonial institutions: losing their visitors. The new relation is a much more dynamic one, meant to bring closer the more or less instructed visitor to the exhibit. In another way of speaking, the object is taken out of the show case and the observer is provided with a series of means of studying it freely. The selection acquired through this well calibrated process of cultural marketing (because between the museologist, as offeror and the visitor, as receiver, a market-type report is established, based on the demand/offer system), gathering those anthropological exhibitions Dimitri Gusti talked about in his regional sociological research. The visiting person is able to approach the museum-piece, touch it, search for palpable contact, or he may even use the traditional installations to satisfy his curiosity or maybe to bring back a memory. Starting from this points of view and trying to cope with the nowadays tendency of assembling not only a museum hall, but also the concept of ethnographical museum in itself, we managed to project such an exhibition with this profile at Buciumi-Salaj, where the General School provided us with a generous displaying space. The basic idea was thus to subordinate the exhibitional project to the very place hosting it: as it was a classroom belonging to the village school, we thought it was natural that the display responded mainly to educational and pedagogical needs. Therefore, we chose the solution of a comprehensive exhibition rather than a fragmentized, narrow -perspective one. We preferred to reconstitute a country-side house interior, typical for the region; the exhibits displayed, also enumerated in a list added to the present article, offered the children very easy accessible, well bound, coherent and logical data, even though a show case type of display presenting disparate objects would have been easier to systematize. A wider perspective, even if a bit restricted from the quantrumtive and the optional point of view, was considered to be better than a succession of platforms or show cases; the latter, on the other hand, would have provided more information belonging to a larger range of Romanian traditional culture aspects, but it would have also had the great handicap of parting the object from its natural or specific background. This is the reason why a larger type of countryside interior was assembled, though more complex than in reality, in order to gather in one place as many exhibits as possible; we succeeded to suggest to the pupils the specific place of each object, in its utilrumry and functional context, exactly as the local traditions required. The dummies (men, women, children) accomplished the task of humanizing the exhibition, their purpose being to draw an image closer to reality and to confer that inner dynamicism required by credibility. The conclusive image, from the qualrumtive impression perspective, would be that of a house interior as one may find in the villages from the bottom of the Meses, in regular day, during which a regular family takes part in the every-day household activities.


The utility model relates to a theftproof door lock which is characterized in that an oriented groove 22 and a lock port groove 26 are relatively opened on the door leaf 24 and the door case 23, a lock plate 10 is arranged in the oriented groove 22, the guiding axle 5,19 are fixed on the lock plate 10 and sited on the bracket 3,20 through the axle hole 25 of the door leaf 24, a reversing mechanism for driving the guiding axle 5,19 is equipped between the guiding axle 5,19 and the lock core 12, the pick-proof performance of the theftproof is capable of being greatly enhanced as the theftproof door lock causes the lock plate 10 realizing the plane locking.


Ibn Ḥazm's (d. 456/1064) Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah is a sui generis work in the history of mediaeval Arabic culture. Modern scholarship on Ibn Ḥazm's Ṭawq proceeds along three lines: (1) editing and translating the Ṭawq; (2) explicating the Ṭawq and enquiring into its originality; and (3) looking into the Ṭawq from a comparative perspective. I intend, however, to pursue further the question of the Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah's uniqueness, and I would also suggest a new reading of the text based on the exposition of its epistemology. My main proposition is that the Ṭawq al-Ḥamāmah's idiosyncracies rest on Ibn Ḥazm's endeavour to advance an epistemic justification of the concept of love. Ibn Ḥazm stresses that writing on love is beyond any fictional narrative. He underlines the idea that entering into the phenomena of love should adhere to al-ḥaqīqah (the truth) and should avoid any kind of flawed explorations. To arrive at an understanding of the work through the angle of al-ḥaqīqah, Ibn Ḥazm further contends that writing on lo...


Popular culture has provided consumers with symbols and tools to make sense of the world. Developmentally children's literature specifically provides the bases for emotional and psychological growth. Studies connecting popular culture and social identity theory (SIT) have demonstrated that popular culture supports social identities, however, research has not explored how or if popular culture creates social identities. Using the Harry Potter books, due to their popular culture dominance during the youth of the millennial generation, this study investigated the lived experience of young adults who had read all of the Harry Potter series. The findings of this study emerged around the usage of the participants of the Harry Potter books to make connections to their own life and their peers, to identify and label themselves and those around them, and to use both the Harry Potter books and other popular culture artifacts to navigate their world. Implications and recommendations are discussed for educational and workplace settings filled with Harry Potter readers, the Harry Potter readers themselves, and for future research. In the classroom, workplace, or individually, the study recommends that knowing the Hogwarts House that someone identifies with can expose their perceived strengths and weaknesses, which is helpful in both individual and teamwork settings.


Abstract Totally chlorine free (TCF) pulp with a high content of hexenuronic acids (HexAs) was found to possess a high antioxidant power. The contribution of HexA to kappa number in unbleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp was estimated to be 1.05 units per 10 μmol of HexA. The variation of HexA and lignin contents in enzymatic elemental chlorine free (ECF) and TCF sequences was monitored, and interesting effects were observed during the TCF XLE sequence, where X denotes an enzyme pretreatment with xylanase, L a laccase-mediator stage, and E an alkaline extraction stage. Thus, HexA removal during L stage was strongly enhanced after the X stage; also, the HexA content was decreased by the alkaline stage. None of these effects was observed in the ECF sequence with chlorine dioxide. The antioxidant power detected in HexA makes TCF pulp an excellent raw material for manufacturing packaging for easily oxidized products.


Tarnish films formed on copper plates exposed for a month in a hot spring area (H 2 S present in the atmosphere) were analyzed by coulometric reduction, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coulometric reduction curve revealed the existence of Cu 2 O, Cu 2 S, and another phase; however, the XRD pattern showed only Cu 2 O peaks XPS spectra of the S 2p region indicated the coexistence of sulfide and sulfate Two typical areas were revealed by using TEM to observe the tarnish product microstructure. One was an area of low sulfur content. The microelectron diffraction (μ-ED) pattern of this area showed diffraction spots caused by cuprite Cu 2 O. The other was an area of high sulfur content. The μ-ED pattern obtained in this area had a Cu 2 O-induced ring pattern superimposed on a diffused pattern. This diffused pattern originates from an amorphous or amorphous-like phase that we believe contains sulfur. This phase may account for the plateau found at -0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the coulometric reduction curve.


A CMOS voltage DAC has been developed for integration into multiple front-end electronics ASICs associated with the PHENIX detector located at the RHIC accelerator of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The topology allows wide-range output programmability by selection of an offset voltage and on-chip resistor and transistor sizing. The DAC is trimless and requires no external components, making it ideal for highly integrated collider detector systems. Errors associated with on-chip bias are minimized using a topology that implements a ratiometric relationship which compensates for absolute resistance value changes and is limited only by errors in the on-chip matching of MOSFETs and resistive devices. Temperature-induced errors associated with the integrated resistors are also minimized by the circuit topology and monolithic construction. All reference voltages and currents are derived using a single regulated voltage supply. This paper presents the general DAC architecture and design method, discusses on-chip matching issues and tradeoffs associated with device sizing and monolithic layout, and presents measured performance of various gate length DACs fabricated in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process including integral nonlinearity, differential nonlinearity, and slope and offset errors.


One of the principal challenges of 21 cm cosmology experiments is overcoming calibration error. Established calibration approaches in the field require an exquisitely accurate sky model, and low-level sky model errors introduce calibration errors that corrupt the cosmological signal. We present a novel calibration approach called delay-weighted calibration, or DWCal, which enables precise calibration even in the presence of sky model error. Sky model error does not affect all power spectrum modes equally, and DWCal fits calibration solutions preferentially from error-free modes. We apply this technique to simulated data, showing that it substantially reduces calibration error in the presence of realistic levels of sky model error and can improve 21 cm power spectrum sensitivity by approximately 2 orders of magnitude.


A least squares mixed finite element (LSMFE) method for the numerical solution of two dimensional viscoelastic problems is analyzed and developed in this paper. A posteriori error estimator which is needed in the adaptive refinement algorithm is proposed. The local evaluation of the least squares functional serves as a posteriori error estimator. The posteriori errors are effectively estimated.


Application of the power storage device comprises an electrode terminal, and the electrode assembly, and a current interrupting device. Current interrupting device includes a first conducting member connected electrode terminal and electrically, the second current-carrying member which is the electrode assembly and electrically connected to the first sealing member, the first energizing member and the second energizing comprising a cover for holding the member and the first seal member and a second sealing member. The first current-carrying member and the second energizing member, the pressure inside the casing to block the current path and spaced apart from each other exceeds a predetermined value. The first seal member, in contact with the second current-carrying member and the cover to seal the respective contacts. The cover has a protrusion along the upper surface of the large diameter portion of the sandwiched upper portion and the electrode terminal between the lower surface of the terminal mounting surface of the upper surface and the case of the large-diameter portion of the electrode terminal protruding from the upper end. The second seal member in contact with the projecting portion of the lower surface and the cover of the case, sealing the respective contacts.


Resistivities of Cu-Ir, Au-Ta and Au-Hf dilute alloys were measured between 1.5K and 4.2K. It was found that the resistivities had no dependence on temperature and that the values obtained for residual resistivities per atomic percentage concentration agreed with those of 4d dilute alloys.


This Capstone Project assesses and evaluates the current training programs offered to peer advisor candidates and returning peer advisors at St. John Fisher College. Survey research was completed through an online survey (see Appendix C). A theme analysis as well as a descriptive analysis was conducted based on the openended survey responses. Focus groups were conducted with nine returning peer advisors (see Appendix C). The key messages and findings, reports on each question asked and provides the answers that were given by the participants. Recomm endations included creating a calendar with events and deadlines, create an online resource library on blackboard, and have a structured meet-and-greet with the Freshman Advisor/Peer Advisors. Many of the recommendations concentrated on updating and improving some of the current resources that are already available to the peer advisors. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Human Resource Development Department Education First Supervisor Timothy Franz Second Supervisor Mary Willoughby Third Supervisor Tamara Clingerman Subject Categories Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_ETD_masters/174


The heat-transfer mechanism and structure of heat exchanger for existing diesel locomotive used in China were analyzed and investigated,the measures to be taken for improving heat-transfer properties of heat exchanger were discussed.After analyzing and comparing the performance of three types of heat exchangers(heat exchanger with smooth tubes,heat exchanger with helical flat tubes and heat exchanger with helical baffles),the author pointed out that the last one has higher cooling capacity.


Lactobaccillus were isolated from cecal contents of laying hens fed in cage and identified by Gram staining,strain morphous observing and biochemistry fermentation.The results showed that 15 strains were G+.Selected by antibacterial activity and identified by biochemistry fermentation with different sugar,7 lactic acid bacteria were identified,and they were Lactobacillus viridescens,Lactobacillus helveticus,Lactobacillus plantarum,Deshi Lactobacillus,Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextran,Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp cremoris,respectively.


Within eukaryotic cells, chromatin is separated into two main types based on cytological staining: euchromatin and heterochromatin. The less dense form, euchromatin, is the more transcriptionally active form and is generally gene rich. The tightly compacted form, heterochromatin, is relatively gene poor and silences transcription of most, if not all, genes within this chromatin domain (1). Despite being poor in genes, heterochromatin is important for the maintenance of genome stability, because heterochromatin facilitates assembly of centromeres and prevents recombination at repetitive DNA sequences (2). Moreover, heterochromatin also plays an important regulatory role during development and has been implicated in the aging process. Many genes have been identified as being important for the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. In this issue of PNAS, Koch and Pillus (3) bring to light a surprising role for Gas1, a glucanosyltransferase involved in cell wall biogenesis, in transcriptional silencing in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


On a first reading of this paper, I thought Audrey Horning might have crossed wires and contradicted herself. Is the weakness of much historical archaeology its deficit in theory-building, or is it, in contrast, a reluctance to emerge from theoretical analysis into a locally focused public archaeology which engages with contemporary political debates?


ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic evaluation criteria in Turkey and determine differences among the 7 regions. Materials and Method: In our research, extra- and intraoral examination of 1023 randomly selected persons from rural and central parts of different regions (500 female subjects and 523 male subjects; mean age = 13.10 ± 3.11) were performed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods (mean value, prevalence ratio, standard deviation) were carried out. The significance of regional differences of the evaluation criteria and gender distributions were assessed by means of a χ2 test. Results: Comparison of the classification of malocclusion, crossbite, chin deviation asymmetry, smile line, cleft lip and palate, and profile among the regions showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Class I, II, and III malocclusion was most frequently noted in the Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolia regions, respectively. Crossbite was ...


Natural scientists have argued that chaos may well be the natural order of things. Some social scientists agree, arguing that the natural scientists' findings are applicable to society. Yet the term "chaos" is used loosely in some intellectual and media circles to discuss the state of affairs in African American leadership, organizations, and community systems. It is viewed as undesirable. It may be unwelcomed, yes, by those who desires status quo stability and social reaction, or by others who have not yet come to understand that chaotic conditions in the community's systems are signs of emerging transformation. A theoretical gap in the Africana academy, as well as in traditional theories used in leadership, organization, and community studies may be a factor contributing to characterization of "chaos" as a crisis and therefore a negative behavior. I will explain the theory of chaos, and use it to analyze one of the most dynamic periods in African American leadership and community development in the 20th century. My hope is that the research helps to increase awareness, and interest in the tool and its methods within the Africana academy, related social science fields and indeed in practice.


Glioblastoma is an extremely aggressive and difficult cancer to treat, which may partly be due to its limited ability to induce T-cell responses. However, combining viral vector vaccines with other therapies to generate tumor-specific T cells may provide a meaningful benefit to patients. Here, we investigated whether heterologous prime-boost vaccination with chimpanzee-derived adenoviral vector ChAdOx1 and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccines could generate therapeutically effective CD8+ T-cell responses against a model antigen P1A, a mouse homolog of human tumor-associated Melanoma Antigen GenE (MAGE)-type antigens, expressed by a BGL-1 mouse glioblastoma cell line. We demonstrated that heterologous prime-boost vaccination with ChAdOx1/MVA vaccines targeting P1A generated a high magnitude of CD8+ T cells specific for the P1A35-43 epitope presented by the MHC class I molecule H-2Ld. Prophylactic vaccination with ChAdOx1/MVA-P1A significantly prolonged the survival of syngeneic mice subcutaneously challenged with P1A-expressing BGL-1 tumors. Furthermore, different vaccination schedules significantly impact the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and may impact protective efficacy. However, the substantial induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by this tumor model presents a significant challenge in the therapeutic setting. Future work will investigate the efficacy of this vaccination strategy on intracranial P1A-expressing BGL-1 models.
 Citation Format: Emily E. Steffke, James McAuliffe, Vinnycius Pereira Almeida, Amanda Wicki, Laurine Noblecourt, Gary Kohanbash, Hideho Okada, Carol Sze Ki Leung, Masaki Terabe, Benoit J. Van Den Eynde. Heterologous prime-boost viral vector vaccines for the treatment of a P1A-expressing BGL-1 glioblastoma model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 682.


This book examines the present state of family law in America. The third edition captures recent developments, including the transformation of the institution of marriage from being a relationship between a man and a woman to encompassing same-sex marriage. In this regard, the book includes a full discussion and analysis of Obergefell v. Hodges. Obergefell v. Hodges is the U.S. Supreme Court case that held in a 5-4 decision that the bans on same-sex marriage in Michigan, Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee were unconstitutional. The Court held that the right to marry a person of the same sex is protected by the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, and therefore may not be denied in any state.


con las vía el que con de Abstract: In Primary Education, little work has been done on combinatorial mathematics, as its introduction has been delayed until high school. We implement a sequence of combinatorial mathematics activities on a third-year Primary school student (case study) with the help of chess. We obtain better results in the activities proposed via chess than via different representation systems such as house plans. The tree diagram strategy is understandable and adequate for solving these activities at this level.


Anomalous diffusion and Lévy flights, which are characterized by the occurrence of random discrete jumps of all scales, have been observed in a plethora of natural and engineered systems, ranging from the motion of molecules to climate signals. Mathematicians have recently unveiled mechanisms to generate anomalous diffusion, both stochastically and deterministically. However, there exists to the best of our knowledge no explicit example of a spatially extended system which exhibits anomalous diffusion without being explicitly driven by Lévy noise. We show here that the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE), despite only being driven by Gaussian white noise, exhibits superdiffusive behaviour. The anomalous diffusion is an entirely emergent behaviour and manifests itself in jumps in the location of its travelling front solution. Using a collective coordinate approach, we reduce the SPDE to a set of stochastic differential equations driven by Gaussian white noise. This allows us to identify the mechanism giving rise to the anomalous diffusion as random widening events of the front interface.


This paper analyses the explosion of drill-ground bomb in rock,and numerically analyses the shock caused by drill-ground bomb,gives the dynamic response of the explosion on the underground engineering.


In this article, the authors study the relevance of the market timing hypothesis of going public, which tends to explain the lower post-issue operating performance of Czech initial public offerings. The data collected under the conditions of the Czech capital market are compared with the performance of companies selected from the main European stock exchanges, when they decided to adopt the IPO strategy. Achieving the objective required an empirical survey that involved a collection of accounting data in companies that had completed an initial public offer in the Czech capital market. The data were evaluated by financial performance measures. The comparisons were made using descriptive statistical methods. The research results broaden and deepen the present understanding of the market timing hypothesis in companies going public, particularly in the Czech Republic.


Submitted for the MAR10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Ginzburg-Landau theory of layered superconductors: application to iron pnictides1 JAMES MURRAY, ZLATKO TESANOVIC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 — We use the Ginzburg-Landau approach for a layered superconductor with a Josephson coupling between the layers to study the effects of fluctuations in recently discovered iron-based high temperature superconductors. While such effects are theoretically well understood in threeand particularly in two-dimensional systems, the special challenge posed by iron pnictides is their layered but still effectively three dimensional character. Using an approximation devised for this particular situation, we derive theoretical expressions for the fluctuation contributions to the free energy, magnetization, specific heat, and electrical conductivity. We compare our results with recent experimental data on the iron pnictide superconductors. 1Research supported in part by the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. James Murray Johns Hopkins University Date submitted: 19 Nov 2009 Electronic form version 1.4


Macroeconomic policy is the one buffer to maintain economic and externally stability. However, with the integration of the world economy, it needs the right policies especialy in stablizing the financial system to balance the country's economy. The Choice between monetary and macroprudential policy widely studied by economists, especially in the monetary policy transmission of credit channel. The macroprudential policy that is used specifically to financial stability. And the purpose of this study was to determine how the response of monetary policy the throught Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI) and macroprudential policy is reserve requirements and loan to deposit ratio in the monetary policy transmission of credit channel in Indonesia. this research using the quantitative method that uses VECM model (vector error correction model). The results of this study is the use of monetary policy instruments with SBI can't affect of inflation caused by variety of crucial prolems in the financial sector especially of credit sector. While macroprudential instruments showed that both instrumets have proved to be effective response an inflation rate in Indonesia.


Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of raised coral reefs from Kish Island, Persian Gulf, Iran, was used for the calculation of uplift rates. From the methodological point of view, it has been demonstrated that concentrations of uranium, as needed for the calculation of dose rates, determined by instrumental neutron activation analyses were significantly lower than the results of inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry and are probably systematically underestimated. The ESR ages for the corals show no increase with elevation as was expected due to field observations. This apparent discrepancy is explained by the dicyclic nature of the palaeo-reef. Average uplift rates for Kish Island are between B0.13 and B0.24mma . This is consistent with previous estimates based on Th/U dating of raised marine deposits from the nearby Iranian mainland and Qeshm Island, Strait of Hormuz, but contrary to results based on C dating that predicted uplift rates as high as 3mma 1 in that area. It is once more demonstrated that C dates >20 ka from this context often have to be interpreted as minimum ages. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Tuberculosis is a highly prevalent infectious disease and globally, India is one of the 22 high-burden countries. There are diagnostics and drugs available and vaccine initiatives to control the disease. However, the need of the hour is improved Point of Care diagnostic; less toxic but cheaper drug of short duration and a new vaccine is of utmost importance. Also, other areas need to be strengthened. For these, research efforts are ongoing and Indian researchers have been involved in several diversified fields of this endeavour. This commentary deals with some of the notable research works in the recent past.


"In the United States powerful job gains have been achieved in the last 25 years. In contrast the number of jobs in the European Union has increased comparatively little. At the same time unemployment has grown in two phases in the European countries whereas it remained at a comparatively low level in the USA despite considerably stronger inflows into the labour market and clearly higher labour force participation. The low employment intensity of the economic growth in Europe is especially noticeable in comparison with the USA. It is also the result of a relatively low significance of jobs in the service sector. In this article the theoretical impact connections of employment and productivity in the structural change are first outlined and compared with the actual development in an international comparison. Aparticular central theme of the article is the influence which has resulted from the relative development of productivity in the secondary and tertiary sector, affecting the sectoral employment development, and thus also from the employment intensity of the economic growth. The expansion of employment in the service sector has decisively increased the employment intensity of the growth. The conclusions concerning labour market policy focus on a promotion of jobs in the personal and house-hold- related service sector, which contribute to the reduction of structural unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the human resource management practices and the associated dimensions of quality of employment in university spin-offs. Through this, it becomes possible to explore and recognize the practices and difficulties placed on the employees of university spin-offs.

Design/methodology/approach
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) framework to assess the quality of work in the European Union is adopted. It is used a qualitative approach through the development of four case studies at university spin-offs located in Portugal. These case studies relate to four sectors of activity, such as information technology, urban mobility, health and electronics.

Findings
The findings reveal that most of the challenges of quality of work in a spin-off university are common to those in an SME or micro company. Among these factors, the authors highlight the lack of job security, reduced or no social protection and very low income and nonwage pecuniary benefits. Other factors specific to university spin-offs also emerge, such as the numerous opportunities for skills development and training, the potentialities to become an entrepreneur and the high number of working hours that are necessary to face the vibrant market dynamics.

Originality/value
The study aims to contribute, in a theoretical and empirically grounded basis, to the knowledge about the quality of employment in a spin-off university. This work becomes relevant for policymakers to understand in depth the specific challenges faced by employees of a spin-off university.


The current ethos of most nonprofit boards of directors focuses on role clarity between board directors and the executive director. The board's role is to collectively set strategic direction and provide oversight while leaving day-to-day operations to staff. Yet, many individual directors join a board to make an impact on the organization by addressing very specific operational concerns and/or to represent a stakeholder group, and this creates tension at the board table. This article explores whether there is necessarily a trade-off between the representative and good governance roles of a nonprofit board director. It will demonstrate that the tension between representing member interests and governing nonprofits is a false dichotomy. Reconciling these two interests offers some potential avenues for improved organizational accountability.


Clausing plane stress/plane strain specimens were used to study the work hardening behavior of a commercial 2090 Al-Li alloy. A single η behavior was observed for the solution-treated and underaged specimens. For the peak-aged and slightly overaged specimens, a double η behavior was noted. A mechanistic explanation for such behavior based on the effectiveness of the precipitate strengthening is provided.


#### Case scenario

A 74 year old man attends the surgery for review of his longstanding heart failure. He has an exercise tolerance of just a few yards, limited by breathlessness. His jugular venous pressure is not raised, he has no ankle oedema, and the lung bases are clear. There is no evidence of fluid overload. A recent echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of less than 25%. He has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 2 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with limited reversibility. His current treatment is with ramipril 10 mg daily and furosemide 80 mg daily, in addition to aspirin, simvastatin, and salbutamol and ipratropium inhalers. Should he be prescribed a β blocker?

Heart failure is characterised by neurohormonal activation, particularly of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.1 Reducing this activation with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor has been the mainstay of heart failure management for many years. β adrenoceptor antagonists (β blockers) used to be contraindicated in heart failure, owing to the risk of decompensation when they were given in doses licensed for treatment of angina or hypertension. However, raised concentrations of catecholamines in plasma (a marker of sympathetic nervous system activation) correlate with disease severity, disease progression, and a poorer prognosis, and may therefore contribute to deterioration of cardiac function.2 3 Re-evaluation of the potential for low dose β blockers to ameliorate these consequences showed overwhelmingly that they reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). These drugs are now a cornerstone of effective management of symptoms and prognosis.3

Three β blockers are licensed in the UK for treatment of heart failure: carvedilol, bisoprolol, and nebivolol. Carvedilol is a non-selective β blocker and has vasodilatory effects owing to α1 adrenoceptor blockade. The other two drugs …


Bare fallow management goes along with lacking supply of new C sources; yet, little is known on the spatiotemporal controls of microbial adaptation processes. Here we hypothesized that microbial activity parameters decline upon bare fallow but that their spatial patterns are increasingly controlled by nutrient status as fallow management proceeds. To test these hypotheses, we investigated spatial and temporal patterns of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and basal respiration curves in an arable field after 1, 3, and 7 years of bare fallow but with large within-field heterogeneity of physicochemical soil parameters. The analyses comprised the contents of SOC, mineral nitrogen (Nmin), particulate organic matter (POM), texture of the fine earth, and the proportion of rock fragments as well as basal respiration and several SIR fitting parameters (microbial biomass, microbial growth rates, peak respiration rates, cumulative CO2 release) each with and without additions of mineral N and P. We also repeated substrate (i.e. glucose) additions following the first SIR measurement.


Traffic accidcnts arc nonnally causcd by late or faulty judgements due to the driver's inaccurate estimation of thc distance. velocity. and acceleration from the surrounding vchieles as well as his carelessness or inattention. Thus, the development of collision avoidance systcms is motivated by their great potential for increased vehicle safety. A typical collision avoidance system consists of the forward-looking sensor, the criteria for activation of collision warning and avoidance, the collision avoidance maneuvers, and the user interface. This thesis is concerned with the development of a collision warning algorithm in which the driver is warned of approaching collision with the Visual and/or the audible signals. The warning algorithm based on fuzzy logic is presented here based on new warning criteria. It has been newly derived from the conventional warning equation by adding a new input variable of the required deceleration to avoid collision. The algorithm is also able to adapt to the individual driver's taste along with the different road conditions by externally controlling the warning intensity. Finally. the proposed algorithm has been validated using computer simulation.


Salvia(Lamiaceae)is an important plant genus consisting of around 900 species globalwide,of which 29 species grow in China.Thirty species of Salvia that have been used in the herbal prescriptions contain various types of chemical constituents with extensive biological activities,including antioxidant,antiplatelet,antitumor,antileishmanial and antiviral.This review summarizes explorations of chemical constituents with bioactivities from species of Salvia spp.in the past five years,which might lay out a basis for further studies.


1. The progeny of Oenothera (lata x Lamarckiana) semigigas x velutina constitutes a motley assembly of forms, many of which are already recognizable among the young seedlings. On the contrary, the hybrids, produced by means of the pollen of semigigas, did not show any noticeable variability. 2. In the first named cross the mutants belong to different groups, corresponding to the older mutant races derived from O. Lamarckiana. There are seven main types, of which six are those of the dimorphic (heterogamous and splitting) mutants lata, scintillans, cana, pallescens, liquida, and spathulata, while one constitutes a new type (O. mut. pulla). With the exception of lata and cana, these groups occurred with almost the same frequency. 3. Besides these main forms, single plants of secondary types were observed. They were one oblonga, two auricula, one candicans, and two hamata. 4. In almost one-half of the mutants (35 individuals out of 81) the number of chromosomes was 15, or the same as in the older heterogamic mutant races. As a rule, these plants showed all the marks of those races, although, on account of their velutina gametes, they could not be expected to be identical with them. 5. In the other half of the mutants the chromosome numbers were 16-20, and the external features were correspondingly mixed, but almost always one of the main types could be recognized as the prevailing one. 6. The 15 chromosome offspring of semigigas belong to different types. Among these some are frequent and others rare. The frequent types are seven in number, and in each of them a different chromosome must be doubled. Of the rarer ones each must also have one chromosome doubled, but in these cases other factors of the same rod must have been activated. 7. Among all the mutants, the new form O. pulla shows the least deviation from the original form O. Lamarckiana. It is therefore assumed to have its factors located in the central chromosome. The remaining six types are those of the old dimorphic races, each of them designating a lateral chromosome, as had already been deduced by us from other considerations. The rarer types are such as have previously been pointed out as secondary ones. It is assumed that oblonga and auricula have their factors in the scintillans chromosome, whereas candicans is derived from cana and hamata probably from spathulata. 8. In order to get sufficiently sharply distinguished types among the progeny of semigigas, some conditions must be fulfilled. In the first place, velutina pollen should be used for the fertilization, since its qualities, as a rule, are recessive to those of the mutants. Then the culture must be made under favorable conditions, as in the glass covered part of the garden. Also, the young seedlings should be planted singly in small pots, and selected and arranged shortly before being transplanted on the beds. If this is done the mutants belonging to the same type will flower next to one another, thereby giving a striking survey of the uniformity of their main features.


Meaning Representations (AMRs) are a way of modeling the semantics of a sentence. This graph-based structure focuses on capturing the concepts involved in a sentence and their relations to each other in order to provide a semantic representation. As such, an AMR graph has node labels corresponding to concepts and directed edge labels corresponding to relations between concepts. Both the set of concept labels and the set of edge labels come from PropBank [4]. The design of AMRs provide single-rooted directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) An example AMR can be seen in Figure 1.1. The edge labels seen in this example are 'ARG0' which represents the semantic role of agent and 'ARG1' which represents the semantic role of patient. In this example, six words in the source sentence become four nodes in the AMR graph. It is common for the number of nodes to be smaller than the number of words in the source sentence for a variety of reasons including 'to believe' being captured by a single concept node and both 'John' and 'him' referring to the same entity, thus sharing a single concept node. While each AMR graph is produced from a single source sentence, many different source sentences may produce the same AMR graph. This is intentional, since the same meaning (captured by the AMR) can be conveyed in various ways (captured by the source sentence(s)). There are several tasks which are of interest to the community when it comes to working with AMRs. Two of the most central tasks are:


This study is based on a bibliometric analysis of research publications which throws light on the relationship between autonomous weapons and international humanitarian law. The aims of this study are to find out the frequency of such publications and to understand the response of researchers to the linkage between autonomous weapons and international humanitarian law. The data has been collected from SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. VOSviewer has been used to represent the data. The data represents the research publications published between 2013 and 2023. The data consists of 748 research publications which are distributed into articles, book chapters, reviews, books etc. Graphs and tables are used to represent the data. The result of the study is that though adequate literature is available on the topic of the linkage between autonomous weapons and international humanitarian law, the available literature does not cover the important aspect of liability for the actions of autonomous weapons. Further, it can be said that this area has failed to attract the attention of Indian scholars.


Abstract Despite the global importance of Capsicum species, there is limited information on the indigenous endomycorrhizal fungal association in this crop. Therefore, the diversity and colonization patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in roots of Naga King chilli (Capsicum chinense) were assessed during pre-flowering, flowering and fruit ripening growth stages under a sub-tropical shifting cultivation system of North Eastern India. All the roots examined had AMF colonization and the presence of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizal morphology is reported for the first time in C. chinense. A total of 11 AMF spore morphotypes were isolated from both field and trap culture soils. Maximum AMF spore density and root colonization were recorded during the pre-flowering and flowering stages, respectively. The influence of Funneliformis geosporum, individually or in combination with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azotobacter chroococcum, on growth and yield of C. chinense, was evaluated in a pot experiment using sterilized and non-sterilized soils. The application of AMF and P. fluorescens to sterilized soil significantly increased the growth, flower and fruit production, and nutrient content of C. chinense. The highest growth rates and yields of C. chinense in non-sterilized soils were achieved when AMF was combined with both P. fluorescens and A. chroococcum. The results of the current study indicate the value of applying microorganisms to improve plant growth and performance in chillies. One of the mechanisms for this could be the facilitated assimilation of nutrients promoted by AMF and bacterial bioinoculants.


Book publishing, library development and use in Hungary show that they are key factors of science and technology to be considered also in the future. Western universities and their libraries have been developed at a growing rate in the 20th century, except in the periods of the two world wars and world crisis. In Hungary, due to historical reasons, this development process has not been as steady as in other parts of Europe. There was hardly any construction of library buildings at university campusses, and libraries have been forced usually to operate under constrained conditions of accomodations. Supply and infrastructural indicators are far from being adequate. This situation can be improved only by a large-scale development policy.


In this paper we explore organizing narratives that underpin the generation of effective ecological solutions. We examine the processes of meaning construction in relation to the development of sustainable land management practices in the Landcare organization in Australia. Meaning construction is situated in a variety of contexts that are themselves strongly influenced by a meta-narrative, which Taylor (2004) has labelled the 'modern social imaginary': a shared system of meanings that captures the imaginations of individuals and shapes their social groupings and society. The shift in meaning construction is reflected in the emergence of a narrative of 'ecological repair' that involved a process of learning and knowledge development we have labelled protracted sense making. Our research findings have led us to conclude that the development of successful ecological solutions require an active rewriting of the social imaginary.


This paper has as the main objective to list the contributions of Cognitive Sciences to Ecolinguistics, which is a recent approach to language studies. Thus, Ecolinguistics theoretical models that are related to cognitive aspects, such Ecosystemic Linguistics and Dialectical Linguistics, will be presented. It will also present the contributions of cognitive sciences' second wave and third wave to these different Ecolinguistic theories. Furthermore, it intends to elaborated a proposal which aims to develop Ecosystemic Linguistic theory and to supply tools to analyze several linguistic data, approaching them as mental and ecological phenomena. Finally, a case study will be conducted applying the proposal presented in the paper.


The presented review addresses the prospects for application of organochalcogen compounds in various fields of technology, medicine, agriculture and organic synthesis. The unsaturated chalcogenisation products appear to be of much greater interest compared to their saturated analogues, especially in organic synthesis. This study observes halogen derivatives of ethene, propene, propyne and butene subjected to chalcogenisation as unsaturated substrates. The indicated reagents are related either to large-tonnage products of industrial organochlorine synthesis or waste products of organochlorine production with their disposal presenting an important environmental task. According to analysed publications, chalcogenisation processes are based on the application of elemental chalcogens (sulphur, selenium, and tellurium) or their available metal derivatives (Na2S, etc.). In the reactions of chalcogens with unsaturated halogen derivatives, the elements both in an accessible form and in a free state are subjected to reductive activation resulting in the formation of anionic nucleophilic reagents. Complex metal hydrides, chalcogenide anions and rongalite are exampled for application in terms of reducing agents. The review emphasises the prospects of basic reduction systems based on hydrazine hydrate in activation processes. Special aspects in the introduction of caustic alkalis and an monoethanolamine organic amine as bases in these systems are described. For the considered chalcogenisation processes, conditions are specified providing the most optimal yield of certain products. In some particular cases, the stereochemistry of the obtained compounds is presented considering the formation conditions for the stereoisomers of a certain configuration. For a number of the obtained compounds, the prospects of practical application are provided. In general, the current review is intended for specialists working in the field of organic synthesis and application of organochalcogen compounds. The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.


The discrete family of global solutions of the static spherically symmetric SU(2) Einstein–Yang–Mills equations that were recently numerically obtained by Bartnik and McKinnon [Phys. Rev. Lett. 6 1, 141 (1988)] is studied in greater detail, both numerically and analytically. A similar discrete sequence of numerical solutions outside a regular event horizon is shown to exist for every radius of the horizon.


The level of English listening comprehension depends greatly on the extent that the automaticity of it has reached.This paper explored the theoretical basis,factors and the effective approachs to the realization of listening comprehension automaticity.The purpose is to find the rule of listening comprehension and the forming process of its automaticity.The result will be significant to the improvement of English listening comprehension in teaching practice.


Cu-Cr alloys with different contents were fabricated by vacuum suction casting method.The effects of true contents of Cr in solid solution on lattice parameter and Vickers hardness of Cu-Cr alloys were studied.Results show that the relationships between the lattice parameter and the content of Cr in solid solution,between the microhardness and the Cr content and between the lattice parameter and the microhardness were all linear,when the Cr content in solid solution was lower than its solid solubility.When the Cr content in solid solution was higher than its solid solubility,the lattice parameter and microhardness of the alloy did not varied obviously with the increase of Cr content.


The invention provides a stabilizer composition and application thereof and a liquid milk product comprising the same. The stabilizer composition comprises type k carrageenan, and also comprises at least one of sodium alginate, gellan gum, microcrystalline cellulose, guar gum and xanthan gum. The stabilizer composition of the invention can be added to the liquid milk product in such a manner thatthe amount of the type k carrageenan is 0.1 to 0.15 per millage of the total weight of the liquid milk product. The composition of the invention is applied to the liquid milk product as the stabilizer, which can change filling requirement, lower production cost and improve the stability of the liquid milk product.


Introduction: Several decades dedicated to the study of Mars has enabled scientists to understand that, during its history, environmental conditions on early Mars strongly contrasted with the present-day conditions, hostile for life. Indeed, previous (Mars Express, Viking…) and more recent (MSL) missions confirmed that liquid water, heat (volcan-ism, hydrothermalism), organic matter, and redox conditions probably occurred on the planet, thus enabling scientists to seriously consider early Mars as being habitable ans suitable for the emergence of Martian life [1].
However, the detection of past life on Mars, if it existed, also requires that biomarkers (i) be preserved over geological time scales and that (ii) they remained detectable.
Therefore, as terrestrial analogues for Mars, astrobiologists are addressing questions related to microbial adaptation, lifestyles and survival in extraterrestrial environments [2].
In this context, the European MASE project (Mars Ana-logues for Space Exploration) aims at better understand-ing habitability, microbial lifestyles and biomarker preservation in such environmental analogues. To do this, one of the goals of MASE is to better characterize the evolution and preservation of diverse biomarkers during the microbial fossilization process [3].


The Stokes parameters of scattering from diffuse glass plates were measured and analyzed as a function a virtual scattering angle and a longitude scattering angle. Both of these scattering angles are defined for the facet model. The facet model for scattering from a diffuse surface predicts the polarization states of scattering quite well. The method and results of this analysis have a significant impact on the application of light scattering to the inspection and processevaluation industry, material science, etc.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how organization's ethical context, leader's agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism affected his (or her) ethical leadership, and how leader's ethical leadership influenced subordinates' job satisfaction in the restaurant industry. The model was tested in hotel restaurants and family restaurants using a sample of employees in Pusan, Daegu and Gyeongsangbukdo. Empirical results confirmed that organization's ethical context, leader's agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism influenced his (or her) ethical leadership, and leader's ethical leadership affected subordinates' job satisfaction. This research findings implied managerially that firstly, top management should establish employees' ethical regulations and motivate them to work ethically through training, incentives and punishment and secondly, should employee agreeable, conscientious and anti-neurotic person through aptitude test, if possible. In the future, restaurant's successful operations and management depends on partly its ethical status.


Abstract We propose a method that enables effective code reuse between evolutionary runs that solve a set of related visual learning tasks. We start with introducing a visual learning approach that uses genetic programming individuals to recognize objects. The process of recognition is generative, i.e., requires the learner to restore the shape of the processed object. This method is extended with a code reuse mechanism by introducing a crossbreeding operator that allows importing the genetic material from other evolutionary runs. In the experimental part, we compare the performance of the extended approach to the basic method on a real-world task of handwritten character recognition, and conclude that code reuse leads to better results in terms of fitness and recognition accuracy. Detailed analysis of the crossbred genetic material shows also that code reuse is most profitable when the recognized objects exhibit visual similarity.


In this trial, the ability of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), a new imaging modality with a cellular resolution, to further differentiate primary flat lesions of the larynx was evaluated.


It is shown that the return difference matrix possesses the same functions and plays the same important role in stability analysis and design of a multivariable feedback network as it does in control theory. The generalized Nyquist criterion, characteristic loci and other methods of stability analysis and design for multivariable feedback systems in control theory are applicable directly to multivariable feedback networks. In particular, a general frequency stability criterion for a multivariable lumped and distributed-parameter feedback network is presented.


majority in both the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords preferred (c). The reasons put forward were three. First, and for Davies L.J. this was the decisive factor, the parties themselves by their subsequent conduct had indicated that they understood the word in sense (c). This approach, however, was unanimously condemned by the House of Lords. Extrinsic evidence of intention was inadmissible as an aid to the interpretation of contracts, except in special cases: see also James Miller & Partners Ltd. v. Whitworth Street Estates (Manchester) Ltd. [1970] A.C. 583 at pp. 603, 606, 611, 615. The second reason, advanced by Lord Denning, was that if a word possessed both a technical and an " ordinary " meaning, there was a presumption in favour of the ordinary meaning. (C/. his dissenting judgment in Sydall v. Castings Ltd.) Unfortunately, some of the judges took directly opposing views as to which was the ordinary meaning of " condition"; and Lords Simon and Reid thought the presumption was in favour of the term of art. So one is thrown upon the third reason, which was that to give " condition " its technical meaning—(a) or (b)—would lead to an " unreasonable " or " absurd " result: per Lords Denning, Reid, Simon, and Kilbrandon. There is authority for such an approach (see Lord Ellenborough in 10 East at pp. 306-308, 563), but Lord Wilberforce's objection to the conscription of the overworked reasonable man for this task arouses sympathy. What is the criterion of reasonableness? The result for the draftsman is, as Cheshire and Fifoot anticipated (7th ed., p. 132, but omitted from 8th ed.), that to create a condition it is insufficient merely to use the word-label; the desired consequences must be spelt out. The contribution to jurisprudence is less clear. The construction of contracts is said to be a question of law. It might be preferable if, at least in some cases, it were admitted to be a question of fact.


Failure to absorb sufficient colostral immunoglobulins (Ig), termed failure of passive transfer (FPT), may predispose neonatal calves to the development of disease and impaired future performance. The gold standard measurement for FPT is laboratory analysis of serum IgG using RID or ELISA. However, this is too expensive to be part of routine on-farm monitoring programs. As such, historically many producers have indirectly estimated FPT rates through the measurement of serum total protein (STP) using optical refractometers. However, a digital refractometer was recently introduced which offers the option of testing using multiple scales including Brix (%), STP (g/dL), serum IgG (g/L) and colostrum IgG (g/L) (MISCO Palm AbbePA-203X. MISCO. Cleveland, OH). The objective of this study was to describe the test characteristics of the MISCO Palm Abbe PA-203X digital refractometer for the measurement of STP and serum IgG. If successful, then either of these scales could be a useful tool for monitoring colostrum management on dairy farms.


DENTAL MANPOWER NEEDS have been most commonly evaluated by means of a determination of the dentist-topopulation ratio in a given geographic area and a comparison of that ratio to the national average of about 1 dentist for 2,000 people ( 1-4). Areas with a ratio of less than 1: 2,000 are considered to be underserved by dental manpower, whereas those with more than 1 : 2,000 are considered to have an-excess of dentists. This simple approach is based on the following assumptions: (a) a ratio of 1: 2,000 is universally optimal, (b) the productivity of all dentists is relatively equal, and (c) the demands of all population segments are relatively equal. According to several recent reports, however, the preceding assumptions are incorrect (510). These reports indicate that many factors (age, sex, race, occupation, income, education, and others) affect dental demand and that other variables (age, auxiliary personnel, and number of hours worked) affect dentists' productivity. Because the variables-at least the most pertinent ones-generally were not included in previous evaluations and because one of us (R.D.M.) had been asked by the Philadelphia County Dental Society to evaluate the need for more dentists in areas of the city


Using geographic information system software(ArcGIS),extracting a layer of the study area about 100 km2 from the DEM data of Baoji city,selecting the groundwater level data of 24 monitoring wells in the year of 1990,1995,2000 and 2004 as the sample data,this paper made a research on the trend analysis,spatial variation analysis and spatial interpolation of the urban area groundwater level with geostatistics.The results showed that there was a clear 'U'type trend in the north-south direction for the urban groundwater level,while the trend was not obvious in the east-west direction each year.Groundwater level was of moderate spatial correlation,more variation ingredients of the following scales in the 800 m short-range,poor spatial continuity each year and of short distance spatial autocorrelation.Anisotropy decreased from 0.713 in 1990 to 0.171 in 2004,which indicated a gradual increase of urban groundwater level spatial anisotropy.The cross validation of the spherical model turned to be good and the spatial interpolation showed that groundwater level and spatial distribution changed significantly between years in different parts of the study area as a result of the spatial-temporal exploitation intensity


Vaporization of ternary III–V mixtures is shown to provide a convenient source of the Group V heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Several such mixtures were vaporized and the vapors condensed in neon matrix and examined by time resolved, laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The excitation spectra of AsP and SbP dimers were examined and several new excited electronic transitions were observed and analyzed. The assignment of the new states is discussed and the electronic structure of these molecules reviewed and summarized.


This standard work on punctuation has long been judged the foremost study of the subject. It reveals punctuation to be both an indispensable craft and an invaluable art - a friend, not an enemy.


Background Knowledge is recognized as a crucial organizational resource, which it has been suggested, increases in value through use. However, tensions exist between applying generalized scientific and academic knowledge to practice and incorporating local, experiential and tacit understanding in our knowledge base for practice. Knowledge management and transfer are frequently advocated as the means to increase service capacity within existing resource levels. In the NHS knowledge management and transfer tends to adopt a social constructivist approach, which favours the application of scientific evidence to practice, consequently the tacit and experiential knowledge of practitioners and service users is often excluded from formal knowledge-transfer processes. Aim This paper describes a systematic process that was used to formalize tacit nursing knowledge in child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) and link it into the pre-existing scientific and academic literature. Method The paper goes on to describe how this process was modified and transferred to work with parents of children referred to CAMH services. Findings The paper illustrates the differing strands of pre-existing scientific and academic knowledge valued by nurses and parents. It highlights how involving service users in identifying scientific and academic knowledge that they find useful can focus attention on strands of pre-existing knowledge previously overlooked by professionals and service providers and thus enhance the value of this knowledge as an organizational resource. The paper also demonstrates how the tacit and experiential knowledge of nurses and services users can be transformed into more formalized knowledge, which can then be incorporated into organizational knowledge-transfer processes.


Carbon isotope analysis of modern herbaceous plants in the Gyirong Basin (Tibet, China) indicates that although C3 plants are dominant, C4 plants rarely comprise of the vegetation in the area at 4000 m above sea level. The C4 plants discovered in the Gyirong Basin are Salsola nepalensis of Chenopodiaceae and Pennisetum flaccidum of Gramineae, affirming that C4 plants affected by high solar gain can be distributed at high altitude, which supports the opinion that some C4 plants can exist in areas of high elevation. Carbon isotope analysis of herbivore tooth enamel from the Gyirong Basin indicates that carbon isotopes of structural carbonate in biogenic apatite at high altitude still keep a stable enrichment relationship with those of plants in their diet. Carbon isotopes in tooth enamel are therefore an accurate proxy for vegetation ecotypes and should reflect climatic and environmental features.


Abstract The objective of this study is to enhance the properties of crumb rubber (CR) derived from the tread and sidewalls of passenger and truck waste tires by adding bitumen (B) and oxidized bitumen (OB). On this context, CR was activated and modified by adding different chemical ingredients to convert it into modified crumb rubber (MCR). OB was irradiated at 25 kGy to get irradiated oxidized bitumen (IOB) with the aim of study the effect of irradiation on the samples in the presence and absence of sulfur element. The crosslinking density, mechanical parameters and thermal stability of the developed blend were examined. Furthermore, chemical resistance behavior, vibration tests which reflecting the velocity level and sound proofing performance were discussed. Remarked improvement in the mechanical, thermal and various applications of MCR were achieved by the incorporation of OB especially at 10 phr and gamma irradiation.


We propose an exemplar-based super-resolution algorithm based on sparsity constrained neighbor-embeddings of local image patches. We extract exemplar patch pairs from as little as the given low-resolution image, and we rely on local geometric similarities of low-and high-resolution patch spaces. While sparsely coding the local geometry with a greedy patch selection method, we refine our solution by iteratively updating the obtained high-resolution image. We finally apply an adaptive back-projection to ensure the global consistency. Our experimental results indicate promising performance on synthesizing natural looking textures and sharp edges when compared to other super-resolution methods from the literature.


As the population ages throughout western countries, businesses are attempting to develop effective offers for this new senior market. However, they are facing difficulties in understanding these consumers, whose behavior is different from that of older people in the past. This article aims to identify the profiles of senior consumers for the tourist industry, one of the sectors most likely to capitalize on this new opportunity. Using new segmentation tools, such as youth age and discrepancy age, combined with the motivations to travel and the perceived risks, four significant traveler profiles have been generated. Based on these, the current offers are discussed and propositions for improving tourism offers are detailed.


In the not too distant past a person's skills, knowledge, understanding and competence were judged largely on the initial education and training that he or she had undertaken, with continuing professional development (CPD) being seen as an optional extra by those who had enthusiasm for it. Gradually CPD has come to be recognized as an important, even vital, means of keeping up to date in one's chosen career. As we move rapidly and inexorably to a knowledge-based global society CPD is seen as a key component of the wider concept of lifelong learning. Such learning is continuous and not simply related to employment. It is formal, non-formal and informal and contributes to personal as well as professional development. In this paper I consider what the 21st century holds in terms of lifelong learning and CPD and touch on some related issues, including coaching and mentoring.


A short analysis of the existing methods and schemes of measuring the unknown value of the electric circuit resistance parameter is conducted in present article. Their principle advantages and disadvantages are specified from the point of view of their prospective improvement aimed at solution of the problem of electric resistance measuring accuracy in MEMS technologies.


The existence of HSR has gradually become an important indicator to judge the degree of development of a city. Under the conditions of limited budget and resources, how to choose the best suitable city? In order to answer these questions, this paper studied the impact of tourism on HSR, and sorted out the city pairs using multi-criteria decision analysis method, the ranking model and geographic information system technology. This paper considered the aspects of transportation, population, economy, location, distance, congestion and tourism, with the data of 36 Chinese cities above vice provincial level. The results show that it is helpful to effectively measure the impact of tourism on the high speed rail potential demand by adding a tourism variable in the ranking model. Of course, the role of tourism cannot be generalized, but it depends on the importance of tourism in the economic development. Keywords—MCDA; Tourism; HSR; City pair; GIS


The electronic properties of nanostructured strongly correlated oxides CuO, Y3Fe5O12, and FeBO3 that include the fundamental absorption region, low-energy electron excitations, and phonon modes have been investigated by the methods of optical spectroscopy. Absorption and reflection spectra, Raman spectra, and ellipsometry measurements were on the samples of nanostructured ceramics carried out. High-density nanoceramics have been prepared by the shock-wave loading methods using high-pressure torsion from coarse-grain oxide powders. Strong diffusions of the fundamental absorption edge are revealed for all nanoceramics. Anomalous red shift of the absorption edge was observed in CuO nanooxide. The features of the optical functions in nanooxides of 3d-metals is found to be attributed to the high degree of imperfection of the nanooxides, peculiarities of the electronic structure of the strongly correlated oxides and inherent the electronic phase separation.


(57) Abstract: improved electroluminescence efficiency of the organic light emitting diode, comprising an organometallic complex of a transition metal of formula L Compounds of this formula, more than with the conventional method can be easily synthesized, insertion of the fluorescent molecules to the phosphorescent complexes of the free choice of the synthesis, coordination for the fine adjustment of the emission color Kooyobi carrier can be inserted ligand to trap.


In this paper, the effect of modified clay on the mechanical efficiency of epoxy resin is examined. S tudies by X ray diffraction and microscopic transient electron meth od show that modified clay distribution in polymer area is inter calated kind. Examination the results of mechanical tests shows t hat existence of modified clay in epoxy area increases pressure yiel d strength, tension module and nano composite fracture toughness in rel ate of pure epoxy. By microscopic examinations it is recognized too that the action of toughness growth of this kind of nano com p site is due to crack deflection, formation of new surfaces and fra cture of clay piles. Keywords—Nano clay, Epoxy, Toughness, Composite


The article examines methodological principles of studying the Russian literary canon in the cultural context of Eastern Orthodoxy, as demonstrated in I. Esaulov's book. While acknowledging the importance of the book's method, the article reviews and criticizes the concepts used by the scholar (the Eastern archetype, the Christmas archetype, the categories of Law and Grace, etc.). In particular, the author challenges the statement that a writer populates his works with archetypes prevailing in his culture (so Eastern Orthodox ones in the case of Russian culture), often against his own religious principles. Also subjected to critical analysis is the thesis about the Easter archetype being more specific to Russian literature, with the Christmas archetype being more typical of Western literature. On the whole, the paper argues that the transhistorical approach declared by the scholar as opposed to the rigorously historical method (M. Gasparov and others) may often lead to strained hypotheses and mythologizing; all in all, it may result in an ahistorical perception of both Eastern Orthodoxy and the literary canon.


We build a model of technological change in which embodied technologies are adopted with greater delay than disembodied ones, and use it to explain the inverted U-shaped pattern of waiting times from firm founding and incorporation to initial public offering on the U.S. stock market over the past century.


This study sets out to approach and discuss the grammar category of "Wa(와)" anew in that there are syntactic connections between "민수가 수희를 만나다." and "민수가 수희와 만나다." and that the thematic roles of "수희" are not different between the two sentences. The discussions about the syntactic functions of "Wa(와)" are as follows: first, it seems to have both functions of conjunctive and common case; second, it seems to have only the functions of conjunctive; and finally, it is considered as a postposition. However, there are difficulties with the treatment of thematic roles, changes to the meanings of sentences according to postpositional particle replacement, inversion of noun phrases, and treatment of postposition category. The present study saw that verbs of reciprocity quality demanded "operator-operator" or "operatee/beneficiary-theme" for thematic roles and that an operator or operatee/beneficiary, the top-level thematic role, was connected to the subject with a theme connected to an object. An essential component of a sentence, the "Wa(와)" noun phrase is an argument to which a theme thematic role is granted. When it shows only a grammatical case, the "Reul(를)" noun phrase will appear. When reciprocity as a unique meaning is prominent, the "Reul(를)" noun phrase can be replaced with the "Wa (와)" noun phrase.


This chapter argues that the relationship between private law and the rule of law has been underdeveloped, or ignored, by private law scholarship until recently. Indeed, until recently, there has been relatively little attention to what the rule of law, as a conceptual and critical framework, could bring to private law theory itself. Why this lacuna in the literature? The chapter offers two speculative reasons that take up some of the themes and concerns of the New Private Law. The first reason concerns the U.S. legal academy, while the second reason concerns private law theory in the commonwealth. The chapter then outlines potential critical pathways for reclaiming a rule-of-law perspective on private law that address some of the reasons for its underdevelopment. It also explains how a focus on the rule of law in general, and in relation to some of its specific commitments and virtues, provides an important critical lens in relation to understanding and responding to the way that private power operates in the twenty-first century within what can be called the "global data economy."


Mathematical simulation of the elastic deformation offsettings of the cutting tool top and the workpiece in their contact point is considered. Algorithms and results of the identification of the model parameters for the case of linear turning are described.


Differential cross sections of the elastic scattering and the inelastic scatterings of alpha particles from Be 9 at the incident energy of 28.5 MeV are obtained. The angular distributions for the ground state and 2.43 MeV state show the clear diffractive nature. For the positive parity state, the phase relation of the experiment does not agree with the diffraction theory, and the interaction radius is smaller than those for the ground state and the collective state. The peak at 1.7 MeV in pulse height spectrum is considered to be caused by a final state interaction between the S wave neutron and the Be 8 nucleus.


Contents: Introduction. Training for the Profession. Psychological Research Into Actors' Mental Processes. Experimental Investigation of Actors' Learning Strategies. Cued Recall Task. The Summarization Task and Post-Test Statements of Strategy. A Professional Actor Prepares a Role: A Think-Aloud Protocol. More Think-Aloud Protocols. A Mnemonist's Approach to Script Learning. The Benefits of Script Segmentation. Continuing the Quest. A General Model of Acting Cognition. Other Investigations of Actors and Acting. References. Appendices: Scene From The Second Man by S.N. Behrman. Protocol of T.D. Sample Page of an Annotated Script.


With the transformation and upgrading of China's economy and industry, China's higher education and teaching reform continues to deepen. In this process, the organic combination of student club activities and professional practice can not only play the educational function of student clubs, but also provide students with professional learning. Effective help. The purpose of this article is to use the methods and strategies of organic integration of college community construction and professional practice based on the continuous in-depth reform of the current applied technology colleges. This article organically integrates the application of technology-based college student community construction with professional practice, strengthens the cultivation of core literacy, professional culture construction, and achieves core construction goals such as practical education. After analyzing the main characteristics of the construction of college associations and professional practice and the relationship with related concepts, the emphasis is on the connection and difference between the concept of college student association construction and the professional practice of college students. The professional practice of college students is a process of community construction involving the main elements, activity elements, content elements and environmental elements. In this process, various elements interact and influence each other. The experimental research results indicate that the school should carry out overall planning and establish some student associations with key professional characteristics of technology application. It also allows students to broaden their horizons and learn scientific research methods in the process of practice and research, and accumulate practical experience to increase students' participation in the construction of professional courses.


Abstract : There were six main objectives in the original research proposal, and they can be summarized as follows. (1) Investigation of theory and method for estimating the operating characteristics of discrete item responses, which include the plausibility functions of the distractors of the multiple-choice test item, as well as the graded item responses of the free-response test item, without assuming any specific mathematical forms, and without using too many examinees in the whole procedure; (2) Investigation of the various characteristics of the new family of models for the multiple-choice test item, both in theory and in practice; (3) Production and revision of a set of systematic procedures for applying some combinations of a method and an approach for estimating the operating characteristics of discrete item responses, by modifying and reorganizing all the computer programs written for this purpose; (4) Development of latent trait theory further, and include more varieties fo situations; (5) Investigation of ways of bridging across mathematical psychology and cognitive psychology, through latent trait theory; and (6) Systematizing theories and methods to eventually lead to a good introductory book on latent trait theory and other publications.


Mean age of cases with febrile convulsion and febrile patients without seizures were 1.97years (+/-) 1.33years and 2.01years (+ /-)1.02 years respectively. there were 24 male and 21 female babies in group 1 and 23 male and 22 females in other group. the mean age and sex were similar in both groups. Mean level of magnesium were 1.97+_0.24 and 2.19 +_ 0.20 in cases with febrile convulsion and febrile patients without seizures respectively and there was significant differences.


As a result of microscopic and microbiological tests on semen from two dogs with signs of infertility necrospermia was established and fungi of the genus Fusarium were isolated. When develop in food and feed they emit toxins that cause mycotoxicosis in animals and birds after oral intake. Zearalenone, one of mycotoxins of these mushrooms is known as the cause of the atrophy of the gonads, spermatogenesis disorders, and infertility. This, however, is the first release for the isolation of fungi from the seminal fluid and setting them as the cause of genital mycosis.


At present, mixed traffic is the major property of the traffic in some developing countries, mixed traffic parameters can be obtained by video detection which is utilized more and more for the traffic information collection. In this paper, recognition and classification of moving objects is developed. In order to obtain moving objects from the video sequence efficiently, this paper presents a background initialization algorithm based on clustering classifier, all stable non-overlapping sub-intervals in the training sequence are located for each pixel as possible backgrounds by slip window at first; then the background sub-interval is obtained from the classified data set by unsupervised clustering. According to mixed traffic, a simple effective feature representation algorithm is proposed, the distance between the point of object's silhouette and the center of gravity is defined as "centro-distance", all of centro-distances along the silhouette make up of a vector, and moving objects could be recognized with the vector of centro-distance. Minimum-distance method is used to classify moving objects in mixed traffic into three categories: vehicles, bikes and persons. Temporal consistency is combined with to further improve the accuracy of the classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be applied well in real-world.