Natural sepiolite was used as an adsorbent for the investigation of the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamic parameters of an acid blue 25 (AB25), methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution at various pHs, temperatures, the kinetics, and thermodynamics for the removal of the two dyes onto natural sepiolite have also been investigated. The adsorbed amounts of AB25 increased with decreasing pH and the optimum pH value for the AB25 and MB were found to be 3.0 and 9.0. respectively. The adsorption capacity of AB25 onto natural sepiolite increased with the increasing temperature, indicating that AB25 and MB dye adsorption on the natural sepiolite was an endothermic process, the second-order model is found to be more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetic data than the first-order model for natural sepiolite on the AB25 and MB and the adsorption process of AB25 and MB are showing pseudo–second-order kinetic behavior, respectively. The adsorption of AB25 and MB on natural sepiolite may be followed by an intraparticle diffusion up to 60 and 90 min, respectively, and the Langmuir equation represents the adsorption process better. The fit of the data for AB25 and MB adsorption onto natural sepiolite suggests that the D-R model gave slightly closer fittings than those of Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption of AB25 on natural sepiolite has a low potential barrier, which is also indicates a physical adsorption. The negative values of ΔG 0 and positive ΔH 0 which has been obtained indicates that the MB adsorption process is a spontaneous and endothermic.


In this paper we study the concepts of lacunary statistical limit points and lacunary statistical cluster points as well as the concept of lacunary statistical core for a bounded complex number sequence.


Adhesion to different substrates of RTV water-based silicone rubber prepared with organotin as catalyst was investigated systematically by qualitative test.The results showed that the adhesion to substrates of water-based silicone rubber can be improved as the increase of pH value of silicone latex,or as the decrease of catalyst dosage or crosslinker dosage within certain range.In addition, the addition of proper adhesion promoter, hydroxyl-containing stabilizer,or the use of primer containing latently active group can all improve the adhesion to substrates of water-based silicone rubber.


Teacher well-being is predominantly explored in terms of its deficits, due to reports of stress and burnout being highly prevalent across the teaching workforce. Teacher well-being (and lack of) is considered to have a small influence on student learning and achievement. The research on mechanisms which underlie this influence mostly report indirect links, through teacher engagement, teacher student relationships (TSRs) and teacher quality. However, there are massive gaps in the literature, and concerns over methodology (especially causality and generalisability), defining constructs (teacher quality) and weak links to student learning (teacher engagement). Currently TSRs appear to be the most plausible mediator between well-being and student learning. EPs are in a good position to support teacher well-being and facilitate positive effects on student learning. Helping to foster positive TSRs and school climates, promoting the use of supervision, and delivering stress management programmes may be particularly useful. Future research should focus on how teacher well-being can positively influence student learning. By knowing what works, this may then aid interventions to help stressed teachers and develop positive environments for learning. How does teacher well-being affect student learning? Well-being is defined as a "state of being comfortable, healthy or happy" (The New Oxford Dictionary of English, 2017, para 1). In this state, a person can work productively, develop positive relationships with others and participate in society (Beddington et al., 2008). Wellbeing also involves feelings of satisfaction and optimism, alongside a sense of control and purpose in life (Edmunds et al., 2013). Stress can have a major effect on our physical, emotional and mental well-being (Education Support Partnership [ESP], 2017). Teachers are one of the most stressed out workforces in the UK (only second to ambulance drivers), with over 50% feeling severely stressed and considering leaving the profession as a result (National Union of Teachers [NUT], 2012).


We present our experimental and theoretical results of optical cooling in Tm-doped glass fibers as optical cooler pumped by single-mode, high efficiency and high power Tm-doped glass fiber lasers. The effects of impurities including OHabsorption and transition metals have been investigated systematically using different purified glasses for fiber fabrication. Our experimental results of spectroscopic measurements show temperature drops of more than 30 degrees from room temperature with pump powers of less than 3W. The results are in good agreement with theoretical simulation.


The development of information technology and the network in the larger environment.Based on the characteristics of higher vocational colleges,this article according to traditional library services are inadequate,combined with the practice of innovative services our school activities,proposing innovative services librarian at the same time to strengthen its overall quality of development.


A simple and new liquid–liquid dispersive microextraction termed pressure-assisted ionic liquid dispersive microextraction (PILDME) was developed for the concentration of trace levels of vanadium in real water samples followed by its quantification by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). We performed a pressure-induced dispersion of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4mim][PF6] into the aqueous sample. Chloroform was used to decrease the dissolution and increase hydrophobicity of the ionic liquid to entrap vanadium in a labile hydrophobic chelate with 8-hydroxyqunioline (8-HQ). Several variables playing a vital role in the prescribed procedure were studied and optimized. With optimum experimental values of significant variables, the detection limit (LOD) and the enhancement factor (EF) were observed to be 20 ng L−1 and 100, respectively. The precision of the method was checked by detection of the relative standard deviation (RSD) as 4.5% at a vanadium concentration of 0.5 μg L−1. The validity and accuracy of the applied method were tested by vanadium extraction and quantification of the standard reference material "SLRS-4 Riverine water", and the results were found to be in good agreement with the certified values. The method was satisfactorily applied to real water samples.


China's peaceful rise is conducive to the peace and stability of Asian and Pacific regions. The steady rise of China's position and role in dealing with international and regional problems proves China's success in "cooperative diplomacy". To construct the security order in the Asian-Pacific region provides important guarantee to China's peaceful rise; The regional economic integrity by way of the important means of economic cooperation and free trade is an important route to guarantee China's peaceful rise and construct the security order in the Asian-Pacific region. China's peaceful rise and the "cooperative diplomacy" is the collective embodiment of the modern transformation and restructuring of China's traditional strategic culture, which will greatly guarantee China's role in maintaining the political and economic security of the Asian-Pacific region.


For the Letter to the Editor "Emerging role of berbamine as an anti-cancer agent in systemic malignancies besides chronic myeloid leukemia", we are pleased with the interest in our article (Liang et al., 2011), and appreciate the insightful comments made by Dr. Kapoor (2012). He systemically reviewed application of berbamine as an anti-cancer agent during the past few years and found that berbamine also shows anti-cancer activity for other systemic malignancies besides chronic myeloid leukemia. Extensive scrutiny of its molecular targets and mechanism of action in the past few decades has provided important insights. At the cellular level, berbamine exhibits significantly antiproliferative activity, inhibiting the proliferations of leukemia, lymphoma (Du et al., 2010), breast cancer (Liu et al., 2010), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Wang et al., 2009). At the molecular level, berbamine-mediated anti-tumor activity was shown to be involved in PI3K/Akt, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) (Du et al., 2010), Fas-mediated apoptosis (Wang et al., 2009), and P-glycoprotein (Liu et al., 2010). However, its targets and molecular mechanism of action are still largely elusive. We feel that identification of the direct molecular target of berbamine will account for the diverse biological activities.


Abstract This paper focuses on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of dynamic and interactive maps in relation to the user. A label placement method with an improved algorithmic efficiency is presented. Since this algorithm has an influence on the actual placement of the name labels on the map, it is tested if this efficient algorithms also creates more effective maps: how well is the information processed by the user. We tested 30 participants while they were working on a dynamic and interactive map display. Their task was to locate geographical names on each of the presented maps. Their eye movements were registered together with the time at which a given label was found. The gathered data reveal no difference in the user's response times, neither in the number and the duration of the fixations between both map designs. The results of this study show that the efficiency of label placement algorithms can be improved without disturbing the user's cognitive map. Consequently, we created a more efficient map without affecting its effectiveness towards the user.


In this paper we obtain two sufficient conditions, Ore type (Theorem 1) and Dirac type (Theorem 2), on the degrees of a bipartite oriented graph for ensuring the existence of long paths and cycles. These conditions are shown to be the best possible in a sense.


A new optical encryption approach,named Random Amplitude-phase Encoding(RAPE),is proposed by replacing one of the random phase plates by random amplitude plate in the Double Random phase Encoding(DRPE) system.First of all,we calculate the autocorrelation function of the encoded image,which indicates that the original image has been transformed to complex-amplitude stationary white noise.So this method leads to robustness against blind deconvolution.Then,computer simulations are carried out and the validity of the method is verified.At last,compared with the DRPE,some properties of this method are discussed.RAPE scheme has lower requirements for secret keys and behaves more robustly against partial key exposure attack.Nevertheless,we also point out that this system could only be realized by virtual optics.


Pulmonary hydatid disease is the most common location of hydatid disease of the child. Echinococcus granulosus responsible for this infection is known in the achievement of certain animals such as dogs, man is an accidental intermediate host in parasite's life cycle. The lung is infested after crossing the liver filter, either directly by the lymphatics. The cyst is composed of a germinal membrane, and a pericyst (pulmonary inflammatory response of the host.) It is clinically manifested by cough, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis and hydatid vomica but sometimes asymptomatic incidental finding. Chest radiography is strongly suspected the diagnosis, Partner at thoraco abdominal ultrasound, allows in most cases easy diagnosis. Lung ultrasound is unfortunately largely neglected in this context then it is the key to make this diagnosis without the use of chest CT. Recently Fortia M et al in 2006 have published a new specific sign ultrasound for the wall of hydatid cyst pulmonary: a double layered border in univesicular and double layered internal septum in multivesicular pulmonary echinococcal cysts is a reliable indicator of pulmonary echinococcosis, with a specificity near to 100%. And therefore ultrasonography should not be overlooked for the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid cysts. To the presence of this sign, is easily eliminates differential diagnosis in the child include: chest neuroblastoma, lung abscess, cystic duplication of the thoracic esophagus, bronchogenic cyst, and pulmonary sequestration. We report a clinical case in a child of 11 years, with notion of contact with dogs, admitted for atypical chest pain with hemodynamic stability in whom a chest X-ray showed a right basal opacity limited, the ECG was normal , thoracic ultrasound showing anechoic image with posterior reinforcement, well limited, with duplication of the wall (germinal membrane hyperechoic and reaction of the host) pathognomonic of hydatid cyst, right basal pulmonary, diameter 8.6/7 cm, type I according to the sonographic classification Gharbi. The heart and abdominal ultrasound (liver, spleen, kidney) without abnormalities, the hydatid serology was negative, the child was operated under general anesthesia, Leaving the hospital six days later without sequelae.


[Objective] To investigate effects of different elevations on ginseng volatile oil contents and their variation law.[Methods] The volatile oil of ginseng was extracted by steam distillation method,and the volume fractions of the volatile oil components were calculated by area normalization method.The separated components were identified and determined by GC-MS.[Results] There are significant differences in volatile oil content and composition of 4-year old RADIX ET RHIZOMA GINSENG from the areas with different elevations.[Conclusion]Elevation has a certain impact on the components and relative contents of volatile oil,and ginseng volatile oil content increased with the increase of elevation.


In previous papers, we have proposed specific correlations to reproduce the surface tension values for several sets of fluids and for wide ranges of temperatures. In this paper, we focus our attention on organic fatty (aliphatic, carboxylic, and polyfunctional) acids. We have taken into account the available data and values in the DIPPR and DETHERM databases and also Wohlfarth and Wohlfarth's (1997) book. In some cases we have also considered new data published elsewhere. All the data and values have been carefully filtered and subsequently fitted with the use of the model currently implemented in NIST's REFPROP program, calculating two or four adjustable coefficients for each fluid. As a result, we propose recommended correlations for 99 acids, providing mean absolute percentage deviations below 1.6% in all cases.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for protecting against interfering with electronic functional units and or functional groups. The present invention, functional units and or functional group, characterized in that it is divided into unit portion and or group moiety having a different sensitivity to interference. The present invention further relates to unit portion and or group moiety having different sensitivities to interference, is assigned a different shielding portion for interfering interact to at least two shielding portion is higher efficiency or coefficient of the shielding portion it is characterized in.


authority into some of his evaluations of the facts of power: "Once the unanimity of the five Great Powers is given, the UN Charter gives them the legal basis for a far-reaching reign and provides for only scarce limitations to secure the sovereign independence of the other States" (p. 144). Whatever the effect of the Charter, one would have thought that under its normative terms, Articles 1 and 2 would apply to Security Council action no less than to the actions of individual states. Neuhold treats one of the consequences of power, spheres of influence, and Rotter examines isolationism. Fatouros writes on developing states. Friedlander examines terrorism (which one might have thought more appropriately placed in a volume on the law of war) in terms of "surrogate warfare." Several contributions link politics and law: reprisals and retorsion by Partsch, and sanctions by Combacau. Tomuschat, in an essay on ethos, ethics and morality in international relations, one of the longer ones in the volume, tries to link law and politics. Bruha contributes an article on SALT. As in the previous volumes, many of the essays are remarkable syntheses of the material covered and some also are challenging in their evaluations.


This paper deals with the momentum-space formulation of gauge theories. We show how to formulate the principle of exact conservation of local gauge symmetry on a finite momentum-space lattice. We suggest to quantize the theory by stochastic quantization.


A neutron coincidence detector had been designed to measure the amount of curium in the fuel bundles and associated process samples used in the direct use of plutonium in Canadian deuterium-uranium (CANDU) fuel cycle. All of the sample categories are highly radioactive from the fission products contained in the pressurized water reactor (PWR) spent fuel feed stock. Substantial shielding is required to protect the He-3 detectors from the intense gamma rays. The Monte Carlo neutron and photon calculational code has been used to design the counter with a uniform response profile along the length of the CANDU-type fuel bundle. Other samples, including cut PWR rods, process powder, waste, and finished rods, can be measured in the system. This report describes the performance characteristics of the counter and support electronics. 3 refs., 23 figs., 6 tabs.


New simultaneous seismic reflection and physical oceanographic observations east of Japan demonstrate the utility of the seismic reflection method in mapping oceanic finestructure. Synthetic seismograms calculated from temperature and salinity data confirm that seismic reflections correlate with physical oceanographic structures. Seismic reflections at the boundary between the warm Kuroshio and the cold Oyashio water masses correspond to well developed, ~10 m scale, temperature finestructure. Vertical current profiles suggest that this finestructure is caused by interleaving of these two water masses. Our study demonstrates that even relatively lowenergy seismic sources, in this case a 3.4 l (210 in) generator-injector (GI) airgun, can be used to image upper oceanic finestructure.


the relations between cultivation,harvest and processing methods and the rate of crackle-rice were studied.The results indicated that the rate of crackle-rice was decreased when the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer was increased,and the rate was the lowest when the amount was 12.18kg/667m~2.As far as mid maturing and late-maturing variety in cold region were concerned,the optimal drainage period was the date past 35 days after full heading time,the optimal harvest period was the date past 53days after full heading rime,and the later harvest date produced higher rate than the earlier harvest date.For northern rice,the rate was low when the water content of paddy was between 15% and 17%.After harvest,a round stack of rice which few ears was exposed was advantageous to decrease the rate,and the optimal time was the second and last ten days of October.Proper methods of threshing were helpful to decrease the rate,little and manual threshers were the optimal methods of threshing,and when big threshers was used rotating speed should be lowered.


Biological systems often create materials with intricate structures to achieve specialized functions. In comparison, precise control of structures in man-made materials has been challenging. Here, we report a serendipitous discovery of insect cuticle peptides (ICPs) spontaneously forming nanocapsules through a single-step solvent exchange process, where the concentration gradient resulting from mixing of water and aceton drives the localization and self-assembly of the peptides into hollow nanocapsules. The underlying driving force is the intrinsic affinity of the peptides for a particular solvent concentration, while the diffusion of water and acetone creates a gradient interface that triggers peptide localization and self-assembly. This gradient-mediated self-assembly offers a transformative pathway towards next-generation drug delivery systems based on peptide nanocapsules.


Abstract: Student attrition and completion rate for 8 years (during 1994-2001) of two distance education programmes (Postgraduate Diploma in Distance Education and Master of Arts in Distance Education) of IGNOU and the reasons for attrition were investigated. Relevant admission and completion data of these two programmes were analysed to note the percentage of students who have taken admission in a year but (i) have withdrawn before completing the assignments (continuous assessment), (ii) have not completed the term-end examination after completing the assignment component, and (iii) have completed the programmes. Two hundred fifty (150 PGDDE and 100 MADE) withdrawn students were randomly selected to study the reasons for attrition. A structured questionnaire was developed and sent to the withdrawn students by post. Altogether 103 (74 PGDDE and 29 MADE) students responded. The findings revealed that completion rate for MADE programme was comparatively better than that of PGDDE. PGDDE students had identified lack of time due to family commitment and work commitment as the most important factor for attrition, whereas, MADE students had ~Uentified lengthy and difficult course content and lack of academic support as the most important factors for attrition.


Abstract Many approaches to the explanation/prediction of student performance have been presented in the literature. In this study, both expectancy theory and needs theory variables are used to predict college student performance—that is, overall GPA. The average valence variable from the expectancy theory model was found to be the best overall predictor of actual academic performance. Although exhibiting low internal reliability measures, need for autonomy scores were also found to be highly explanatory. Need for achievement was unexpectedly not a significant predictor of actual performance for this student group.


A visible-light communication utilizing LED has many advantagies such as visibility of information, high SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), low installation cost, usage of existing illuminators, and high security. Furthermore, exponentially increasing needs and quality of LED have helped the development of visible-light communication. The visibility is the most attractive property in visible-light communication system, but it is difficult to ensure visibility and transmission efficiency simultaneously during initial access because of the small amount of initial access process signals. In this paper, we propose an efficient resource allocation scheme at initial access for ensuring visibility with high resource utilization rate and low data transmission failure rate. The performance has been evaluated through the numerical analysis and simulation results.


Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the most important plant in the horticultural subsector in Indonesia which has many benefits. The need for garlic consumption tend to increase, however, the increase in garlic consumption was not followed by an increase in domestic garlic production. At present, the Ministry of Agriculture (Kementan) has a target for self-sufficiency in garlic in 2030 by increasing agricultural land in Sembalun District, East Lombok Indonesia which is the center of garlic production. Therefore, mapping of potential areas for planting garlic needs to be done, one of them is by applying remote sensing technology. This study aims to classify Sentinel-1A satellite images to identify garlic plants and non-garlic plants in Sembalun district. The algorithm used in this study is Decision tree C5.0. The classification model has the best accuracy of 78% and kappa coefficient of 0.56. Features of Sentinel-1A (SAR) datasets which are most influential in the classification result are band combination (VV + VH)/2 followed by attribute VV. VV means the sensor transmits waves vertically and receives vertically while VH is transmits vertically and receives horizontally.


We consider a mathematical model which describes a dynamic frictional contact problem for thermo-viscoelastic materials with long memory and damage. The contact is modeled by the normal compliance condition and wear between surfaces are taken into account. We establish a variational formulation for the model and prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution. The proof is based on arguments of hyperbolic nonlinear differential equations, parabolic variational inequalities and Banach fixed point.


It discloses a method for identifying hazardous process condition of the process control system associated with the device, apparatus and articles of manufacture. An exemplary method for identifying a device associated with a process control process control types of hazards comprising: a port on the device coupled to the controller to control the automatic detection process; information associated with the device via said control port of said detecting process; Based the detected information to identify hazards process conditions of the process control device type; and transmitting information to the computing device, to cause harm to display process conditions including equipment associated with the process control of the identified type visual indication.


Advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have achieved significant success in many areas. However, RL typically requires a large amount of computation and memory. Often RL implemented in Python is too heavy to run on a resource-limited edge device. Therefore, making the RL model lighter is very important for on-device machine learning. In this paper, we propose a lightweight C/C++ RL framework aiming for RL on edge devices. The proposed RL framework is designed to run on a single-core processor that is typically included in a resource-limited embedded platform. The evaluation using OpenAI Gym's CartPole demonstration shows that the model can be trained on an edge device in real-time.


Ultra-cold atoms provide ideal platforms for interferometry. The macroscopic matter-wave property of ultra-cold atoms leads to large coherent length and long coherent time, which enable high accuracy and sensitivity to measurement. Here, we review our efforts to improve the performance of the interferometer. We demonstrate a shortcut method for manipulating ultra-cold atoms in an optical lattice. Compared with traditional ones, this shortcut method can reduce manipulation time by up to three orders of magnitude. We construct a matter-wave Ramsey interferometer for trapped motional quantum states and significantly increase its coherence time by one order of magnitude with an echo technique based on this method. Efforts have also been made to enhance the resolution by multimode scheme. Application of a noise-resilient multi-component interferometer shows that increasing the number of paths could sharpen the peaks in the time-domain interference fringes, which leads to a resolution nearly twice compared with that of a conventional double-path two-mode interferometer. With the shortcut method mentioned above, im-1 provement of the momentum resolution could also be fulfilled, which leads to atomic momentum patterns less than 0.6 (cid:126) k L . To identify and remove systematic noises, we introduce the methods based on the principal component analysis (PCA) that reduce the noise in detection close to the 1 / √ 2 of the photon-shot noise and separate and identify or even eliminate noises. Furthermore, we give a proposal to measure precisely the local gravity acceleration within a few centimeters based on our study of ultracold atoms in precision measurements.


The dysplastic nevus was first described in the 1970s in families prone to develop melanoma. It was believed that these lesions had a higher risk of transformation to melanoma than common nevi [1,2]. In 1992, Consensus Conference at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) described the criteria for dysplastic nevus [3]. Some of the authors suggest that nevus known as dysplastic nevus are actually congenital nevus. It is established that patients with melanoma have more Dysplastic nevi and common nevi than patients without melanoma [4-7]. We aimed to determine the number of nevi in melanoma patients.


Thewkachela ratufi , (Cheyletidae: Acariformes) is described from adult females taken from Ratufa affinis (Sciuridae: Rodentia) in Sabah, formerly North Borneo, and R. bicolor and R. affinis in Thailand. The mites are unique among known Cheyletidae in possessing a large recurved hook arising from the ventral surface of the subcapitulum.


Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are nowadays the best tradeoff between performance, cost, and lifetime to store electric power and energy effectively. The reliable determination of the batteries' instantaneous power capability and energy content is mandatory for many mobile high-energy and power-consuming applications. Herein, the battery impedance and state of charge (SOC) are the relevant values. In energy storage systems, these values are to be considered for each battery cell individually, due to arising limitations caused by cell-specific variations. Simple algorithms to determine the battery system's impedance and SOC are presented including parameter and state-estimation techniques. Furthermore, methods are derived making the impedance and SOC determination possible for a large number of particular cells in a battery system. The applicability of the demonstrated algorithms for battery control unit implementation is proved incorporating data achieved from load scenarios applied to a cell stack Li-ion battery module. Cell impedance and SOC variations could be detected precisely. Moreover, a combination of impedance and SOC spread was identified during typical battery operation.


SIR,-I share the concerns espoused by Duncan Campbell in his recent article.' It was instructive and reassuring to read the views of an independent and informed commentator on these vital issues. I will outline the details of another case which could illuminate the difficult boundaries between private and NHS medical practice. We know the government's white paper proposals are likely to legitimise the transfer of NHS money to the private medical sector as "money travels with patients." This case represents a worrying parallel, even though the proposals have not yet been enacted. A 30 year old woman was referred to our local teaching hospital for consideration for sterilisation in August 1988. She attended the gynaecological outpatient department in November and her name was put on the waiting list for laparoscopic sterilisation. Unfortunately, the gynaecologists are in dispute with the health authority over payments for sterilisation procedures with the result that virtually no such procedures are being carried out on the NHS locally, except u,nder urgent medical need. This dispute has continued for many months so when it is resolved there will be a great backlog of cases. There is, however, a way round the waiting list. The patient was offered a "free sterilisation" in a private hospital if she would offer to donate some eggs for possible implantation to another woman. This needs artificial stimulation of the ovaries at precise times of the menstrual cycle by drugs that have to be given by daily injections. General practitioners are asked to cooperate with this part of the procedure by giving the injections and, presumably, taking responsibility for them. They are also asked to arrange testing of potential donors for HIV and hepatitis B state, and presumably these costs are to be borne by the NHS. Just before ovulation the eggs are collected as for in vitro fertilisation, and the patient is sterilised at the same time through the laparoscope. The eggs can be frozen and stored to be used at will by the hospital concerned according to the guidelines set down by the Voluntary Licensing Authority. Everybody goes away apparently happy. The implications of this case are profound. Is this a taste of the sort of choice patients are going to have when doctors are subjected to entrepreneurial management? Somebody could be making a profit out of this sort of deal, but it is not the NHS and not the patient. My hands are clean at the moment, but I am not sure that they can remain clean when subjected to "market forces" like this. I await with interest to see if Mr Clarke realises that this sort of case highlights the ethical dilemmas implicit in the concept of an open market in health care. Cynics might say it will only reinforce this government's belief that market forces are likely only to improve efficient health care delivery.


Four-terminal measurements of impedance spectra have long been troubled by the presence of high frequency artifacts that typically indicate unphysically large inductive behavior. We follow up on the observation of Fleig et al., that voltage and current are necessarily measured in different locations of the potentiostat circuit, and that, typically, the electrometer input is a virtual ground. In this case, the capacitance of coaxial cables that connect sample electrodes to the potentiostat provides a high frequency conduction path to ground, so that some of the current that passes through the sample bypasses the electrometer. In four-electrode measurements, this mechanism produces the observed inductive artifacts. We examine a variety of simulated samples, with calculations compared to measurements of relevant circuits, to quantitatively investigate the nature of the artifacts. Model results agree with measurements when the leakage capacitances are properly included in the circuit analyses. With understanding of the origin of the inductive artifacts, the four-electrode method can be effectively utilized, enabling a combination of two-, threeand four-electrode measurements to be used to best advantage. Using this combination of electrode configurations, temperature dependent measurements of SrTiO3, Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2, and In2O3 films deposited on YSZ substrates are presented. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: firstname.lastname@example.com. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0791501jes] All rights reserved.


This report presents preliminary results of a measurement of a micron–scale vertical beam size based on imaging of optical transition radiation in the visible region. The visualization of point spread function dominated beam images was carried out using a Schwarzschild objective that provides high magnification and that is free of some of aberrations. According to the preliminary data treatment, a vertical rms beam size of 1.37 ± 0.07 μm was measured at the 855 MeV beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI (Germany).


Social media technologies have offered new opportunities for organisations to relate to
their external stakeholders such as customers. Notwithstanding the significant
opportunities, the question of how organisations manage these technologies and their
internal processes associated with them has been left unanswered. Adopting a practice
lens, we have conducted a case study to examine how new work practices emerge and
what the nature of these practices is. Furthermore, we have applied the concept of
'technology-in-practice' to understand the underlying dynamics of these emerging work
practices and technology structures. In this research-in-progress paper, we have found
that these work practices are mutable as the organisation's actors continuously engage
in improvisation and reflexive actions in response to changes in the technology or users'
behaviours. This improvising or reflexive acting of organisational actors makes the
continuous changes in work practices inevitable, which render the social media
management structure in continuous flux.


Periodic-finite-type shifts (PFT's) are sofic shifts which forbid the appearance of finitely many pre-specified words in a periodic manner. The class of PFT's strictly includes the class of shifts of finite type (SFT's). The zeta function of a PFT is a generating function for the number of periodic sequences in the shift. For a general sofic shift, there exists a formula, attributed to Manning and Bowen, which computes the zeta function of the shift from certain auxiliary graphs constructed from a presentation of the shift. In this paper, we derive an interesting alternative formula computable from certain "wordbased graphs" constructed from the periodically-forbidden word description of the PFT. The advantages of our formula over the Manning-Bowen formula are discussed. key words: periodic-finite-type shift, zeta function, word-based graph, Möbius inversion formula


This study was conducted to explore the relationship between local sales taxpayers', i.e. manufacturers', behavioral intention to comply with Goods and Service Tax (GST) in Kedah and Perlis. The manufacturers' behavioral intention was studied using Theory of Planned Behavior, consisting of variables such as attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This study also added another variable i.e. law and enforcement. A total of 103 manufacturers participated in this study.Data collected and analyzed by using a multiple regression technique. Results of the study showed that only subjective norms and laws and enforcement affect behavioral intention to comply with local sales tax, while attitudes and perceived behavioral control did not affect behavioral intentions of local sales tax results. Variables in the study could explain 22% variance in behavioral intention.


Three border effect models capturing the unique characteristics of agricultural trade based on the Gravity Model are put forward and further contrasted to study China-U.S. border effects for agricultural trade covering the panel data over the period of 1987-2007. The results show that the third model -fixed effects model considering the heterogeneity of each trading pair is preferred in this regard. The border effects for agricultural trade tend to be significantly large, and vary from international trade direction and across regions, but the models without considering these differences tend to overestimate the border effects for China-U.S. agricultural trade over this period. Keywords- agricultural trade; border effect models; China-U.S.; gravity model


Biaxial mechanical testing gained increased importance for characterization of materials that present anisotropic behavior and/or different responses when subjected to tensile and compression loadings. In this work, a new biaxial testing machine was developed. The various systems and components were designed, manufactured, assembled, and assessed. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to validate the device, showing results consistent with those obtained on a universal testing machine. Finally, biaxial tensile tests were also performed on polypropylene cruciform specimens. The results revealed high precision levels, thus showing the potential of this new machine.


The invention discloses modified acrylate. The acrylate is prepared by performing reaction on raw materials including acrylic acid hydroxyl alkyl ester and/or methacrylic acid hydroxyl alkyl ester, polyketone resins, and diisocyanate, wherein the molar ratio of hydroxyl of acrylic acid hydroxyl alkyl ester and/or methacrylic acid hydroxyl alkyl ester to hydroxyl of polyketone resins to NCO group of diisocyanate is (0.4-0.6) to (0.4-0.6) to 1. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the modified acrylate, the modified acrylate resins prepared by the modified acrylate and the preparation method thereof as well as oil ink prepared by the modified acrylate resins. The oil ink is free from extraneous odor, high in adhesion fastness, and suitable for printing of plastic packages for food, drugs and the like.


Three compounds were obtained from the mycelia of an endophytic fungus Gliocladium sp. (designated as strain F) of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. growing in Fujian Province, China. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis. (20S,22S)-4a-homo-22-hydroxy-4-oxaergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3-one was a novel compound. 4,8,12,16-tetramethyl-1,5,9,13-tetraoxacyclohexadecane-2,6,10,14-tetraone was firstly isolated from the genus ofGliocladium and 6,9-epoxyergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol was firstly obtained from the strain F.


HE Egyptian funeral is fairly well known in the later periods of pharaonic history, and the various processes of mummification and burial services have been outlined in the literature on the subject.1 It seems worth while, however, to examine the evidence from the Egyptian Old Kingdom, when the rites were still fairly fluid and had not yet been canonized by sacred tradition. My central interest is the journey to the tomb-the procession from the realm of the living to the final interment within the tomb. A basic document will be the broken scene in the Saqqara mastaba of the vizier Mereruka, where the solemn procession is presented in greatest detail.2 The scene in question, shown here as Plate XV, is a continuous cinematic movement from the left of the wall to the right, that is, from east to west of a wall facing the main offering-niche of the tomb.3 The starting-point may be taken to be the house of the living and, after a journey by land and water, the terminal point to be Mereruka's tomb at Saqqara. To complete the analysis, it will be necessary to introduce a good deal of other material from other sources, mainly of the Old Kingdom. The only strictly analogous scene to that in the tomb of Mereruka comes from the neighboring and roughly contemporary tomb of Ankhma-Hor, where an even more broken scene shows the beginning and one medial stage of the journey to the tomb.4 Other scenes show a few episodes of the journey only, and there is no contemporary textual statement on the full progress of the funeral services.


The results of an extensive series of total helium production cross-section measurements for incident neutrons in the 14- to 15-MeV energy region are presented, and an experimental data base for the prediction of helium generation in candidate fusion reactor materials is provided. The measurements were made by isotope-dilution gas mass spectrometry. They include the pure elements Be, B, C, O, F, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ta, Pt, Au, and Pb; the separated isotopes of B, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Mo; and the alloy steels Type 316 stainless steel, HT-9, and 9 Cr-1 Mo. The results are in generally good agreement with other total helium production measurements in the literature, but comparisons with the ENDF/B-V nuclear data file indicate that the helium gas production files require revision for the structural elements vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel. Comparisons with published cross sections for individual reaction channels indicate that reactions other than (n,..cap alpha..) contribute significantly to helium production in several materials.


Recent years increase in use of automobiles has resulted in road accidents alarming the road safety. One of the major reasons for accident is decrease in driver alertness or drivers falling asleep. Hence, an Intelligent Driver's Drowsiness detection and prevention system using biological parameters of the driver without driver's awareness for Road safety has to be designed and developed. In this system, we are determining the drowsiness of the driver by using biological parameter namely facial expressions which is to be monitored and recorded without the awareness of the driver. As drowsiness is detected, a signal is issued to alert the driver. The system deals with detecting face and eyes within the specific segment of the image. Drowsiness is determined by observing the eye blinking action of the driver.


I. INTRODUCTIONOver the past forty years, courts and employers have struggled to define the meaning of Title VII's implicit promise to provide and protect employment opportunities available to certain classes of individuals. Sex-based discrimination has posed an especially difficult challenge. Unlike other proscribed forms of discrimination, the unfair treatment of pregnant employees presents a unique analytical wrinkle: only women become pregnant, and women's ability to work is affected by pregnancy (including childbirth or related medical conditions). At a minimum, women must take a leave of absence to give birth and recover, physically, from childbirth. Women with more physical jobs-such as police officerswill undeniably find that their pregnancy complicates their ability to perform their jobs. How then do we define and enforce Title VII's promise of equal treatment and equal opportunity? If a pregnant woman cannot in fact perform her job duties while pregnant, how do employers ensure equal treatment of these temporarily disabled employees?The physical differences between men and women have been cited to justify treating female employees differently than their male counterparts. case law prior to passage of Title VII is replete with examples of court-sanctioned disparate treatment of the sexes. As the Supreme Court explained in Muller v. Oregon:That woman's physical structure and the performance of maternal functions place her at a disadvantage in the struggle for subsistence is obvious. This is especially true when the burdens of motherhood are upon her. Even when they are not, by abundant testimony of the medical fraternity continuance for a long time on her feet at work, repeating this from day to day, tends to injurious effects upon the body, and, as healthy mothers are essential to vigorous offspring, the physical well-being of woman becomes an object of public interest and care in order to preserve the strength and vigor of the race . . . . [The Mother] is properly placed in a class by herself, and legislation designed for her protection may be sustained, even when like legislation is not necessary for men, and could not be sustained. . . . This difference justifies a difference in legislation.1In Mutter, the Supreme Court thus made clear its belief that women's innate physical inferiority justified gender-specific protective legislation. According to that Court, particular care should be given to protect the health of pregnant women, not just for their own sake, but also "to preserve the strength and vigor of the race." The perception of physical inferiority, coupled with traditional notions that women should be confined to homemaker and family caretaker roles, has complicated women's workplace entry, and ultimate acceptance, to the present day.This Article traces the legal rights afforded pregnant women by Title VII2 and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act.3 The next Section addresses court efforts to define gender-based discrimination and the initial exclusion of pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions from Title VII's proscription against sex discrimination. Section Three provides an overview of proscribed forms of sex discrimination in the specific context of pregnancy, both from a historical and a modern perspective. Finally, this Article explores additional issues facing women in the workplace today.II. TITLE VII PROHIBITS DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF "SEX"Over its relatively short lifetime, Title VII has had an important influence on the employment opportunities and conditions available to women. This influence has changed over the years. For example, although it is commonly understood today that Title VII's prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender includes pregnancy discrimination, this was not the case when Congress first enacted that legislation. The following subsections discuss the historical evolution of equal treatment with regard to hiring, terms and conditions of employment, and legitimate employer expectations as they relate to the job performance of a pregnant employee. …


Residual current operated circuit breakers without integral overcurrent protection should be back-up protected. As back-up protection devices, overcurrent circuit breakers are used. The maximum let-through energy and let-through current of the overcurrent devices were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The thermal and electrodynamic risk of residual current devices was analyzed.


The acoustical impedance of the exhaust of an internal combustion engine is measured using the two microphone transfer function method according to ISO 10534-2. Some improvements are proposed to this procedure. The engine exhaust impedance is also simulated using electrical analog circuits, wherein geometrical data of the engine and the manifold is used. The simulation results correlates well with the measurement results. Some special cases are simulated, to determine the engine components which contribute primarily to its acoustical impedance.


Lectotypes of twelve names of Fungi published by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg from Adelbert von Chamisso's collection (Auricularia cornea, Agaricus copulatus, Boletus katui, B. sector, Hypochnus nigrocinctus, Hysterium gracile, H. or- biculare, Naemaspora tularostoma, Sphaeria eschscholtzii, S. fur, S. profuga, Triblidi- um arcticum) are designated. It was thought that fungal collection made by Chamisso during the voyage around the world on board the Russian brig «Rurik» (1815-1818) had been lost, but many of his samples of fungi were re-discovered in 2013 in the My- cological Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg, LE) includ- ing original material of ten Ehrenberg's taxa. For Hypochnus rubrocinctus which was lectotypifi ed earlier by Aptroot et al. (2009) the additional type material kept in the Lichenological Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE) is cited. It is sup- posed that original collections of Campsotrichum unicolor and Thamnomyces chamis- sonis may be kept in Fries herbarium (UPS).


The article clarifies the opportunity to study the implementation of the ideas of productive training of future teachers in various areas of professional and pedagogical knowledge, the specifics of which, in the end, leads to the high quality of productive teaching and research activities. In the structure of the research is the ability to write scientific publications and performances with them at scientific conferences and symposiums of teachers is considered as formed of the resource (the result) of the organization of productive work self-dependently or practical level of culture of self-dependent living activities work (object, practical, creative, polysystemic). The classification and comparison of models and concepts of «productive self-dependent living activities work of a future teacher» and «self-dependent living activities culture of the teacher».


The article describes that development of county economy has an effect on rural construction.At the same time,it analyses the characteristic and current situation of county economy's development.In the end,it proposes three main measures about developing county economy.


Herein we report such recordings in a patient who had combined obliterative cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, and second-degree atrioventricular block. Figure 1 shows the left ventricular angiogram from a 57-year-old woman who had varying degrees of atrioventricular block and dyspnea on exertion. Prolapse of the mitral valve leaflets and virtual end-systolic obliteration of the left ventricular midcavity are present. Figure 2 shows the simultaneously recorded phonocardiograms, external carotid pulse tracing, apexcardiogram, and electrocardiogram in this patient. A bigeminal rhythm occurred as a consequence of atrioventricular junctional escape beats followed by capture beats in the setting of a sinus mechanism with second-degree atrioven-


Partially phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol - aluminum phosphate (PPVA-AlPO4) composite were synthesized through continuous stirring and condensation at 80 °C. Interaction of pure polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with phosphoric acid (PA) produced partially phosphorylated poly vinyl alcohol (PPVA) and the addition of aluminum (Al) source produces a PPVA-AlPO4 composite. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra of PPVA confirmed the phosphate group in PPVA-AlPO4 composite. The phosphate group had bonded with aluminum at C-O-P- AlPO4, O-P-O- AlPO4 and also OH-Al. The optical properties of these PPVA and PPVA-AlPO4 nanocomposite samples were examined by UV-visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. UV analysis of PPVA shows single peak at 274 nm while in PPVA-AlPO4, the peak was shifted to lower wavenumber of 208 nm. PL spectra of PPVA-AlPO4 shows broad peak at range of 304-371, 450-550 and 560-700 nm. This confirmed that the phosphate group in PPVA created bonding with aluminum. Transgravimetric (TGA) analysis shows that the weight residue of PPVA-AlPO4 composite was higher than PPVA and PVA. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of PVA shows a single peak at angle of 20°. However, the peak become broadened as PA added. Meanwhile, the addition of aluminum source produced multiple peaks referring to the multiple phases of AlPO4 in the nanocomposite. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the existence of multiple geometrical phases and nanosize of spherical particles. The influence of important synthesis parameters such as, effect of PPVA, effect of aluminum sources, pH and crystallization time are also studied.


Hemodialysis can be an outpatient or inpatient therapy. Routine hemodialysis is conducted in a dialysis outpatient facility, either a purpose built room in a hospital or a dedicated, stand alone clinic. Less frequently hemodialysis is done at home . Dialysis treatments in a clinic are initiated and managed by specialized staff made up of nurses and technicians; dialysis treatments at home can be self initiated and managed or done jointly with the assistance of a trained helper who is usually a family member. [


An Impulsive Multidirectional Associative Memory Neural Network (IMAMNN) with time-varying and leakage delays is proposed. Through the use of a continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and...


(57) Abstract: Inflammation can completely treated or prevented by administering a formulation comprising an IgA. The formulations may perform also the immunomodulatory. Formulation is made multimeric IgA, preferably free of various forms of IgG substantially. Other compounds, for example, may be administered antibiotics, antiphlogistic agents and antacids. Immunoglobulin A may be used inflammatory prophylactic vaccine. Also provided improved assays for assessing anti-inflammatory.


Responses of single fibers, produced by trapezoidal deflections of the basilar membrane, were recorded from the auditory nerves of kanamycin‐treated gerbils. Fibers typically having elevated thresholds were excited during motion and/or sustained displacement of the basilar membrane in the same direction, and were classified as either scalar‐vestibuli (SV) or scala‐tympani (ST) excitatory. Fibers having normal or nearly normal thresholds showed the same complex response patterns as fibers of untreated gerbils, and were classified as normal. With the help of a frequency‐distance map of the gerbil cochlea, the response of each fiber was associated with the region of its inferred innervation. Our correlations show that all fibers innervating cochlear regions containing only inner hair cells were SV‐excitatory, whereas fibers innervating cochlear regions containing full or nearly full complements of both inner and outer hair cells were either SI‐excitatory or normal. The findings support the polarity‐oppositio...


Smart city development necessitates careful planning and control. Many factors contribute to failures in smart cities, such as the lack of attention in dealing with cyber security threats, misappropriation of internet facilities, and limitedness of awareness and knowledge of basic-level cybersecurity to safely perform daily activities. Numerous studies have discovered that procrastinating, impulsive, forward-thinking, and risk-taking behaviours vary across organizations, which may help to explain why different organizations adhere to security policies. This research aims to analyse the socio-technical structural relationship of socio-technical perspective in determining the factors and components for minimizing security threat. The research uses a mixed-methods study while the results regarding the contribution of socio-technical components to the improvement of work behaviour in minimizing cybersecurity threats and proposes new analysis result of the contribution work behaviours as contribution and a positive influence for minimizing cybersecurity threat toward successful smart city.


The titled compound (1b), the first naturally occurring, sulphur-containing dioxopiperazine unsubstituted on nitrogen, has been isolated from Aspergillus terreus and synthesised via the corresponding epidisulphide (2d), which has been tested as a biosynthetic precursor of bisdethiobis(methylthio)acetylaranotin (3).


This paper presents two methods for the implementation of dual-frequency cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas based on two modes, $\text{HEM}_{11\delta}$ and $\text{HEM}_{12\delta}$. By using two different modes to excite the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna, the lateral radiation is achieved in two nearby frequency bands, thus realizing the dual frequency and dual mode characteristics of the cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna. Simulations show that antenna I achieves a relative impedance bandwidth of 6.5% and 8% at 3.88-4.14 GHz and 6.89-7.46 GHz, and achieves a gain of 7.1 dBi and 7.5 dBi at the resonance points of 4 GHz and 7.1 GHz. Antenna II uses a two-layer stepped structure, with each layer primarily responsible for one mode, achieving a -10 dB relative impedance bandwidth of 9% and 19.5% at 3.84-4.20 GHz and 6.44-7.86 GHz, and high gains of 7.1 dBi and 11.2 dBi at the resonance points of 4 GHz and 6.88 GHz. Compared to antenna I, antenna II achieves a significant increase in bandwidth and gain in the second frequency band.


Maintaining indoor condition is an important factor for controlling electric appliances in living space. Gener-ally speaking, a sense of feeling indoor condition is variable between residents. The conventional methods were dealing with this by supposing general residential. This means the conventional methods cannot consider all the residents. This is not realistic when considering installation of the system into the real environment. Thus, in this study, the Bayes' estimation was utilized to analyze the amenity variability. As a result of analysis, the new index, satisfaction rating index, was proposed. To achieve this, the HEMS was constructed in the actual operating residence. As a result, the analysis was acquired from 14 people from 3 different residences. To confirm the availability of the proposed index, the home appliance control system utilizing satisfaction rating index was conducted. The proposed system was evaluated by the experiment in the actual operating residence. From the result, the evaluation showed the availability of the proposed system and satisfaction rating index.


The utility model discloses a bristle-replaceable cleaning roller for belt conveyors, and the bristle-replaceable cleaning roller comprises a carrier roller, forming bristle sets and a dustproof pad, wherein each forming bristle set is provided with a fixed seat and bristles, the fixed seat comprises an L-shaped base plate, a forming plate and a pressing plate, the bristles are arranged in the fixed seat in a U shape, the forming bristle sets are arranged on the outer surface of the carrier roller at a 45-degree interval, the forming bristle sets are welded on the external revolving surface of the carrier roller, each forming bristle set comprises eight bristles (four long bristles and four short bristles), every two adjacent bristles (one long bristle and one short bristle) are arranged in a staggered mode, and the dustproof pad is arranged on the external revolving surface of the carrier roller. The bristle-replaceable cleaning roller for the belt conveyors is stable in cleaning force, good in durability, small in abrasion loss of conveying belts and wide in application scope, can be used for prolonging the service life of the belt conveyor, and can be applied to conveying belts with steel clamps and pattern-shaped conveying belts which cannot be cleaned by other cleaning devices.


Based on the current soil and water loss in five small basins,e.g.Xianghe Brook in Tiantai County,and comprehensive regulation measures,this paper argues the basic,ecological and economic benefits by analyzing the investment and benefits of slope-to-terrace conversion,water conservation forest,economic forest and small soil-and-water conservation projects.The national economic evaluation suggests that all three indicators,i.e.Economic Internal Rate of Return(EIRR),Economic Net Present Value(ENPV)and Economic Performance to Cost Ratio(EPCR),have met the requirements.


This dissertation focuses on real-time decision-making fo r large-scale domain search and object classification using Multiple Autonomous Vehicl es (MAV). In recent years, MAV systems have attracted considerable attention and have been widely utilized. Of particular interest is their application to search and clas sification under limited sensory capabilities. Since search requires sensor mobility and cl assification requires a sensor to stay within the vicinity of an object, search and classificat ion are two competing tasks. Therefore, there is a need to develop real-time sensor alloc ation decision-making strategies to guarantee task accomplishment. These decisions are especially crucial when the domain is much larger than the field-of-view of a sensor, or wh en the number of objects to be found and classified is much larger than that of availabl e sensors. In this work, the search problem is formulated as a coverage c ontrol problem, which aims at collecting enough data at every point within the doma in to construct an awareness map. The object classification problem seeks to satisfactor ily categorize the property of each found object of interest. The decision-making strateg ies include both sensor allocation decisions and vehicle motion control. The awareness -, Bayesian-, and risk-based decision-making strategies are developed in sequence. The awareness-based approach is developed under a deterministic framework, while the latte r two are developed under a probabilistic framework where uncertainty in sensor measu rement is taken into account. The risk-based decision-making strategy also analyzes the effect of measurement cost. It is further extended to an integrated detection and estimati on problem with applications in optimal sensor management. Simulation-based studies ar e performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


Offline reinforcement learning algorithms still lack trust in practice due to the risk that the learned policy performs worse than the original policy that generated the dataset or behaves in an unexpected way that is unfamiliar to the user. At the same time, offline RL algorithms are not able to tune their most important hyperparameter - the proximity of the learned policy to the original policy. We propose an algorithm that allows the user to tune this hyperparameter at runtime, thereby addressing both of the above mentioned issues simultaneously. This allows users to start with the original behavior and grant successively greater deviation, as well as stopping at any time when the policy deteriorates or the behavior is too far from the familiar one.


Due to increasing demands for a large number of users and a large amount of data transmission, a 4G LTE communication system will require its antenna to have omnidirectional radiation patterns and wide frequency bandwidth. To this end, in this paper, a novel omnidirectional horizontally polarized (HP) antenna is presented for the 4G communication systems. The antenna consists of four pairs of flag-shaped radiators, eight pairs of parasitical striplines. With return loss better than 10 dB, it has a relatively wide fractional bandwidth of 55% working from 1.7 to 3.0 GHz and size of 45×45×2.5 mm3.


A comprehensive theoretical model of harmonic mode-locking is presented in which the nonlinear mode-coupling behavior in a waveguide array is used to achieve stable and robust passive mode-locking.


The success of a government bureaucracy is largely determined by the ability of state civil apparatus to use emotional intelligence effectively, this effective attitude will increasingly produce results that are in line with expectations if supported by a good leadership style and continuously displayed by superiors. This study explores the contribution of the emotional intelligence on civil servants performance with the support of transformational leadership in 54 people of the civil servants who's working at the Forestry Office in South Sulawesi Provincial. Testing hypotheses using by Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) through Smart PLS 3.0 provides evidence that emotional intelligence directly has a positive significant effect on transformational leadership and civil servants performance. Transformational leadership directly has a positive significant effect on civil servants performance. Emotional intelligence has a positive significant effect on civil servants performance with the mediating effect of transformational leadership. Transformational leadership is not proven as a mediating effect in analyzing the effect of emotional intelligence on civil servants performance


Abstract Development support communication (DSC) has assumed an increasingly important role in many facets of improving rural Third World living standards. This article briefly traces the emergence of DSC, and outlines strategies currently being applied in the service of rural development. The discussion then focuses on group media applications, in particular the multiple uses of video, drawn mostly from the author's experience in or association with field projects of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). A capsule overview is also given of two prototype projects under way in Latin America. It is concluded that while access to the medium has increased dramatically as a result of technical refinements, guidelines emerging from successful applications of video‐based materials include clear planning of how, for whom, and to what purpose video will be used, carefully trained personnel, and a systematic methodology for its implementation. ∗The views expressed in this article are the author's and do n...


Network approach has been used to analyse the electrical properties of a system consisting of three ionic species having different charges in contact with blocking electrodes. A network model for the electrodiffusion process taking place in such a system has been proposed. With this model and the electric circuit simulation program PSPICE, the transient response of the system to a step-function applied potential difference and the small-signal ac response of this system subject to a steady external voltage bias have been simulated. Nyquist plots for the electrochemical impedance, and the time evolution of the surface charge density stored in the electrical double layers at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces as well as the electric current density through the system, are given. The ionic concentration, the electric charge density, and the electric potential profiles across the cell were also obtained as a function of time.


The present study was conducted with seven diverse inbred lines of sweet pepper& five hybrids at Central Research Farm, Gayeshpur, B.C.K.V., Nadia, West Bengal during autumn-winter season of 2017-18 to find out the direct & indirect effects of seventeen important quantitative traits on fruit yield of sweet pepper. The study revealed that fruit length (0.9839) had maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield followed by reducing sugar content (0.6591), fruit weight (0.5129). On the other hand maximum negative direct effect on fruit yield per plant was showed by chlorophyll content at mature green stage (-0.0104) followed by ascorbic acid content at mature green stage (-0.0270), beta carotene content at coloured stage (-0.0342). Parental genotypes & hybrids are also characterized based on some qualitative characters like leaf shape, leaf colour, fruit orientation, flower colour, fruit shape, immature, mature and fully ripe fruit colour. Variability regarding these traits exists among the inbreds and hybrids under study.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative resection(LECS) for gastric GIST and to compare the outcomes with open resection. Methods From January 2010 to January 2013, 68 patients with gastric GIST in LECS group(36 cases) and in open group(32 cases) were analyzed retrospectively. The perioperative data, pathological results and tumor recurrence were compared. Results Operative time was significantly less in LECS group [(83.8 ±32.0) min] than in open group [(161.1 ±59.5) min](P 0.001). More patients in LECS group underwent segmental or wedge resection than in open group [33/36(91.7%) vs 23/32(71.9%), P0.05]. Compared with open group, the LECS also had less blood loss [32(20~300) mL vs 100(10~800) mL, P0.001], earlier recovery for bowel function [5(3~11) days vs 10(6~35) days, P0.001], and shorter postoperative hospital stay [7(6~16) days vs 12(9~53) days, P0.001]. No significant differences were found between LECS group and open group in postoperative complications(5.6% vs 12.5%, P0.05). Thirty-two(88.9%) cases were followed up in LECS group for the duration of a mean of 22(7~34) months, and 29(90.6%) cases in open group for 26(10~40) months. There was no mortality in both groups. No difference existed for the recurrence rate between the two groups [1/32(3.1%) vs 1/29(3.4%), P0.05]. Conclusions LECS has similar, effect when compared with open resection for surgical treatment of gastric GIST of size smaller than 10 cm with shorter time of operation, less blood loss and fast recovery from operation.


ABSTRACT Despite increased interest in integrating programming education into K-12 programs, there is a lack of studies on teaching debugging to younger age groups. Therefore, this study proposes practical design components for designing unplugged debugging tasks that affect young learners' debugging performance, problem-solving, and self-efficacy, intending to lower dependence upon tablet-based programming applications. This study incorporated different types of embodiment and language use for designing the unplugged debugging activities. Results indicated that the surrogate embodiment using an everyday language format during the unplugged debugging sessions benefited elementary students' problem-solving and self-efficacy. The discussion includes practical implications for classroom application in elementary classrooms as well as recommendations for future research.


Despite an ever increasing variety of soft sensors and actuators, there are few entirely soft robots that integrate both modalities into an autonomous system. Often, a minimum set of rigid components such as microcontrollers, are embedded into soft systems, compromising their flexibility. This has led to growing interest in entirely compliant versions of controllers for soft robots. In this work, we present the first integration of two such soft control systems: the soft, bistable valve and the soft matter computer. By combining them we allow information to pass from the pneumatic to the electrical domain, enabling control of electric soft actuators with pneumatic control signals. Our work is an important step towards the development of fully compliant robots and machines.


THE FOLLOWING case is presented for two reasons: ( 1 ) to emphasize the importance of differentiating between a basal-cell and a basosquamous-cell carcinoma and (2) to demonstrate the value of employing the modified Kronlein procedure 1 in exploring the orbit in unexplained exophthalmos. Approximately 10% of skin carcinomas about the face are mixtures of the basaland squamous-cell types. 2 Some pathologists use the term basosquamous-cell carcinoma to indicate the presence of both cell types. 3 Such basosquamous-cell carcinomas do not follow the local invasive course of basal-cell carcinomas but, instead, show a tendency to infiltrate deeply and metastasize in the manner of squamous-cell carcinomas. 2 Therefore the importance of differentiating a basal-cell and a basosquamous-cell carcinoma cannot be overemphasized. REPORT OF CASE E. T., a 56-year-old white rancher, entered the Veterans Administration Hospital, Houston, Texas, in August, 1954, with a history of left frontal and supraobital pain since March 1, 1954.


In CNC heavy cutting servo system,mechanical driving system has a torture feedback on electrical speed-adjust- ment system,thus it's possible to generate the mechanical resonance.The mechanical resonance makes the feature parameters of me- chanical driving system influence the dynamic performance of the electrical speed-adjustment system.This paper has studied the re- sistance ratio ofζ_(mech)and q parameters,and put forward the compensation method to decrease the mechanical resonance influence.


We report a critically ill‐patient admitted for NSTEMI with acute pulmonary congestion, showing at urgent cardiac catheterization a severely diseased saphenous vein graft as the culprit vessel, with huge atherothrombotic burden. The graft was successfully revascularized by the implantation of 4 M‐Guard stent (for proximal to distal) creating a full metal jacket. The M‐Guard technology consists on a stainless steel platform wrapped by a micron‐level polymer net, that seamlessly expands when the stent is deployed, providing protection from embolic showers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract. The thermal regime of glaciers and ice caps represents
the internal distribution of ice temperatures. An accurate knowledge of the
thermal regime of glaciers and ice caps is important to understand their
dynamics and response to climate change and to model their evolution.
Although the assumption is that most ice masses in the Tien Shan are
polythermal, this has not been examined in appropriate detail so far. In
this research, we investigate the thermal regime of the Grigoriev ice cap
and the Sary-Tor glacier, both located in the inner Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan,
using a 3D higher-order thermomechanical ice flow model. Input data and
boundary conditions are inferred from a surface energy mass balance model, a
historical air temperature and precipitation series, ice thickness
measurements and reconstructions, and digital elevation models. Calibration
and validation of the englacial temperatures are performed using historical
borehole measurements on the Grigoriev ice cap and radar measurements for
the Sary-Tor glacier. The results of this study reveal a polythermal
structure of the Sary-Tor glacier and a cold structure of the Grigoriev ice
cap. The difference is related to the larger amount of snow (insulation) and
refreezing meltwater (release of latent heat) for the Sary-Tor glacier,
resulting in higher surface layer temperature, especially in the
accumulation area, which is subsequently advected downstream. Further, ice
velocities are much lower for the Grigoriev ice cap, with consequent lower
horizontal advection rates. A detailed analysis concerning the influence of
temperature and precipitation changes at the surface reveals that the
thermal structure of both ice bodies is not constant over time, with recent
climate change causing increasing ice temperatures in higher areas. The
selected ice masses are representative examples of the (inner) Tien Shan
glaciers and ice caps. Therefore, our findings and the calibrated parameters
can be generalised, allowing improved understanding of the dynamics and
future evolution of other glaciers and ice caps in the region.


Multi-view matching GC3 model and its matching procedure for line-array imagery were introduced.Then,the deficiency of GC3 model on reducing computation amount was analyzed.An extended model AMMGC was given for GC3 model.Results proved that GC3 model could use the information of multiple line-array images to solve the matching problem of similar features,and thus improve matching reliability.Moreover,AMMGC model could make use of matching and checking strategies to obtain equal matching results,and at the same time,reduce the computation amount of GC3 to 68.97%.


Minimum temporal thresholds(Tmin)for discriminating motion direction were measured in various conditions. The results of Experiment 1 showed that Tmin for the change from a stationary pattern to a moving pattern was shorter than that for the abrupt appearance of a moving pattern. The time needed to process the pattern explained this difference. The results of Experiment 2 showed that Tmin for the change from a stationary pattern to a moving pattern was shorter than that for the directional change of a moving pattern. Furthermore,Tmin for discriminating a directional change with a 90 deg difference was shorter than that of 45 and 135 deg. In addition,an anisotropy in discriminating motion direction was observed between oblique-upward and oblique-downward directions. The validity of mathematical models that explain these results was discussed. (Received on October 15,2015)


Winterfat [Eurorio lanatal (Pursh) Moq.; Ceratoides hata (Pursh) J.T. Howell] is a low, Chenopod shrub of western North America. Its diaspore is 2 united, subtending bracts enclosing a pubescentcovered utricle (Booth 1988). White haii, 2 to 8 mm long, cover the bracts. The seed has a thin testa and a welldeveloped embryo. The diaspore disarticulate9 below the bracts, and bracts and utricle function as a unit in dispersal (Hilton 1941) and in seedling establishment (Booth 1982, Booth and Schuman 1983). Seedlings from diaspores establish and survive better than those from threshed seed. This is partly due to the anchoring function of bract hairs (Strickler 1956, Booth and Schuman 1983); however, diaspore seedlings also have greater hypocotyl elongation than that of seedlings from threshed seed (Booth and Schuman 1983). The transfer of growth substances from bracts into embryos, during imbibition, was identified as a possible reason for this growth difference. Booth (1985) presented evidence that transferred substances are, at least partially, cationic. Therefore it was postulated that cations in diaspore bracts move into the embryo during imbibition and enhance germination and growth. Three questions were posed as a test of this postulation. First, is there a concentration gradient to indicate potential cation movement from bracts to seed? Second, are there significant increases of seed cations after diaspore imbibition? Third, is germination or seedling elongation improved if cations move into seeds during imbibition?


As arbitration has supplanted litigation as the primary method of dispute resolution between parties to international commercial relationships, questions have inevitably arisen as to when concepts first developed in litigation should apply to arbitration. Answering these questions is not always an easy task because, on the one hand, the use of arbitration is now a governmentally encouraged form of dispute resolution but, on the other hand, arbitration's relative informality and private contractual nature still render it suspect in some eyes. This Article is concerned to examine a potent litigation weapon — viz., the Noerr-Pennington doctrine, which generally insulates litigation conduct from later claims — and to determine whether and to what extent it should, by analogy, immunize conduct within an arbitral proceeding from later claims.


The author offers insights on digital theatrical performances before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic Topics discussed include the live-streamed event called Project for Awesome (P4A) created by vloggers John and Hank Green on online video sharing platform YouTube, the transition to online theater programs to comply with the social distancing protocols implemented due to the pandemic, and the accessibility of digital performances to theater audiences


The main goal of quantum copying is to produce a copy of the original qubit that is as close as possible to the original state while the output state of the original qubit is minimally distributed. In this paper, we investigate how quantum entanglement can be broadcast to two distant partners via only local quantum copying by using a hybrid cloning machine that is composed of a linear combination of pre-existing quantum cloning machines. The initial entangled state is shared by two distant parties, and the two sides each use a hybrid cloning machine to replicate their shared quantum state. In the case of using a hybrid cloning machine, we study how the quantum entanglement between remote replicas propagates according to the complexity of the hybrid cloning machine and the degree of their influence by investigating the Hillbert-Schmidt (HS) distance and the inseparable regions. As a result, quantum entanglement was found to be very sensitive to the influence of the cloning machines, and the sensitivity was found to be in the order of Meridian Phase-Covariant (MPC) > Equtorial Phase-Covariant (EPC) > Universal Quantum Cloning Machine (UQCM). Therefore, the hybrid cloning machine of a Buzek-Hillery (BH) type and an equatorial phase covariate QCM are advantageous for maintaining quantum entanglement.


Videos are becoming the preferred form of online content. A rich multimedia format can help scientists disseminate their work and better engage online audiences. However, current recording platforms to produce high quality videos are cost and resource intensive. Here, we present an automated recording platform that balances cost, mobility, and quality. The Scientific Video Lab launched the automated registration, video recording, and video peer-review platform at the 2016 American Chemical Society National Meeting in San Diego. Selected oral presenters were invited to use the automated video recording platform with over 50 recordings completed. Based in the survey result, 98% of the respondents said the automated recording booth is simple or very simple to use, while 95% said they were satisfied or very satisfied with their experience.


Glass powder (GP) employed in concrete creating results in greener atmosphere. In shops, broken glass sheets &flat solid cuttings square measure move to waste, that aren't recycled at the present and typically delivered to landfills for disposal. Victimization physician in concrete is a noteworthy risk for economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of atmosphere. This project examines the chance of victimization physician as fine mixture replacement in concrete. Natural sand was part replaced (0%-40%) with physician in concrete. enduringness, Compressive strength (cubes and cylinders) and Flexural strength up to twenty-eight days more matured were compared with those of high performance concrete created with natural sand.


Health Care is in constant evolution and, currently, diverse computer systems are being largely used to help Physicians doing their work. A concrete example is the vital signs monitoring area where recent products using the latest technologies as low-cost sensors, wireless communications, mobile devices and web-based applications, are being commercialized and constantly improved. This document presents a study about the technologies used to build monitoring systems. The objective is to develop a reliable system able to detect a possible death or disaster. A functional prototype, composed by a monitoring and a control part, is described. The monitoring part is the subject of this thesis. Software analysis and design has the biggest focus, but attending to the project's interdisciplinary characteristics, other fields of study, such as Electronics and Medicine, are explored. The objective is the understanding of future improvements and extensions that the monitoring system might have.


We find that a steady state bar induces transient features at low velocities in the solar neighborhood velocity distribution due to the initial response of the disk, following the growth of the bar. We associate these velocity streams with two quasi-periodic orbital families, librating around the stable x_1(1) and x_1(2) orbits near the bar's outer Lindblad resonance (OLR). In a reference frame moving with the bar, these otherwise stationary orbits precess on a timescale dependent on the strength of the bar, consistent with predictions from a simple Hamiltonian model for the resonance. This behavior allows the two orbital families to reach the solar neighborhood and manifest themselves as clumps in the u-v plane moving away from (x_1(2)), and toward (x_1(1)) the Galactic center. Depending on the bar parameters and time since its formation, this model is consistent with the Pleiades and Coma Berenices, OR Pleiades and Sirius moving groups seen in the Hipparcos stellar velocity distribution, if the Milky Way bar angle is 30<phi_0<45 [deg] and its pattern speed is Omega_b/Omega_0=1.82\pm0.07, where Omega_0 is the angular velocity of the local standard of rest (LSR). Since the process is recurrent, we can achieve a good match about every six LSR rotations. However, to be consistent with the fraction of stars in the Pleiades, we estimate that the Milky Way bar formed ~2 Gyr ago. This model argues against a common dynamical origin for the Hyades and Pleiades moving groups.


Aedes aegypti mosquito population could be controlled by using lethal ovitrap. The addition of hay infusions as a attractant greatly enhance Aedes aegypti eggs trapped, and papaya leaf juice may inhibit Aedes aegypti eggs evolve to larvae or a larvae to pupae stage. This study was conducted to find out the chemical compounds in hay infusion and papaya leaf juice. We used phytochemical test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, Thin Layer Chromatography, and High Performance Liquid Chromatoraphy (HPLC) method. The results showed that hay infusion contains 12,75 mg/L ammonium and <1,20 ppm (µg/mL) lactic acid and papaya leaf juice contains 0,25% alkaloid, 0,14% flavonoid, 0,30% saponin, ≤68 mg/L steroid and 11,34% tannin, but negative terpenoid. We concluded that hay infusion and papaya leaf juice contains chemical compounds that could be use as attractant and bioinsecticide to Aedes aegypti, respectively.


To solve the problems that terms relationships are not considered in the belief network model,this paper uses the query term synonyms,presents an extended belief network model for IR,introduces models topology and retrieval method,and illustrates an example.This model has better performance because it takes account of not only query terms but also query term synonym.


Techniques for performing uniform out-of-service (UOOS) search to detect for a wireless system is disclosed. UOOS search, in that the sleep cycle and / or awake period is fixed or is unchanged, a "uniform". Wireless device, if the OOS condition is detected to a radio access technology (RAT), a transition to OOS state. Wireless device, while in the OOS state during awake period of each sleep cycle, to perform system search. The awake period may have a first fixed duration, the sleep cycle may have a second fixed duration. In each awake period, the wireless device, if the search in the previous awake period is not completed, based on the stored state information, to start a new search, or to resume the search of the front it may be. In each awake period, the wireless device, (i) search for recently captured frequency channel and system start and complete the search for the other frequency channels and systems in (ii) 1 or more RAT it may be the start or resume.


A method for communicating data reflecting the status of channel resources (170) to a plurality of mobile stations (20) in a network (10) mobile telecommunications, said method characterized by the steps of: maintaining a plurality of first channels control (240) to facilitate communication of data between a node (60) telecommunications serving said plurality of mobile stations (20); determining that the utilization of said plurality of first control channels (240) for one of said plurality of mobile stations (20) has reached a threshold level associated with said node (60) telecommunications; and transmitting by a second control channel (200), in response to said determination, first data reflecting the status of said utilization of said plurality of first control channels (240) to said plurality of mobile stations (20).


This article presents an objectively based approach to valuation of the environmental effects of a power plant reconstruction project. The economic value of hypothetical investment cost in throwaway flue gas desulphurisation systems is used as a surrogate measure for environmental benefits actually realised by extinguishing furnaces in the local heat plants. Such estimated benefits are incorporated in a cost-benefit framework.


It is important to increase the probability that all developed weapon systems can be operated in a steady state at any time. In the case of Integrated Logistics Support, this probability is referred to as operational availability, and the numerical value is quantified during the development process. There are several ways to improve operational availability for successful development of weapon systems. One of the methods is to reduce total corrective maintenance time through Automatic Test Equipment(ATE). Recently, customers in the defense market have become aware of this and demand ways to improve operational availability of weapon systems. Therefore, this paper proposes ways to improve operational availability of weapon systems by changing the method of operating the ATE. The detailed method is to allow field maintenance personnel to carry out field maintenance support onsite. This is an effective way to reduce the total corrective maintenance time of weapon systems by reducing the travel time of field maintenance personnel. The proposed ATE is proved to be able to achieve superior maintenance and operational availability.


Irradiation of amelanotic melanoma B78H1 cells in the presence of liposome-delivered Ni( ii )-octabutoxy-naphthalocyanine with a Q-switched Ti:sapphire laser operated in a pulsed mode (850 nm, 30 ns pulses, 10 Hz, 120 mJ pulse^−1) promotes a photothermal sensitization process leading to extensive cell inactivation. The photoprocess occurs with identical efficiency in N_2-saturated and air-equilibrated media, indicating that this photosensitization modality does not require the presence of oxygen.


The diyne complex [Cp*Ir(CO)(η2-ArC≡CC≡CAr)] reacts with two-electron donor ligands to form the iridacyclobutenone [Cp*Ir(L){C(C≡CAr)=C(Ar)C=O}]. Kinetic measurements and computational studies support the proposal that the reaction pathway involves alkyne insertion followed by coordination of the two-electron donor ligand.


In the current study an effort was carried out to investigate the fruits of some selected plants with highest antioxidant potential. For this purpose ethanolic crude extracts of selected plants fruits, frequently used for various medicinal purposes in Pakistan were subjected to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay at different concentrations ranging from 100 to 500μg/ml. The results obtained revealed that the ethanolic crude extract of Juglans regia have DPPH scavenging activity of 95.42% at 500 μg/ml. This plant showed the highest DPPH scavenging capacity of all the tested plants. Elaeagnus angustifolia showed 43.90% inhibition of DPPH radical at 500 μg/ml. The ethanolic crude extract of Cydonia oblonga showed DPPH scavenging 27.18% at 500 μg/ml. The ethanolic crude extract of Morus alba showed the lowest DPPH scavenging activity (18.01%) at 500 μg/ml. The DPPH scavenging activity of ethanolic crude extract of Psidium guajava was 12.28% at 500 μg/ml, while Zizyphus jujube exhibited 19.52% inhibition of DPPH radical at the concentration level of 500 μg/ml. The DPPH scavenging activity of Phoenix dactylifera was noted as 37.98% at highest concentration. From the results obtained it is clear that the Juglans regia possess high DPPH scavenging properties. All the extracts showed maximum activities at highest concentrations. These plants needed further exploration to isolate the highly potential antioxidant compounds.


It is generally accepted view that the basic reason of insider control in the state holding listed companies is that there is only one controlling shareholder in such companies. This paper oppugns this view and put s forward a different explanation. First, game theory and empirical result are used to prove that negative correlation existed between the ownership concentration and the intensity of insider control. Then, the ownership concentration, insider control and the corporate governance efficiency of the state holding listed companies are studied empirically to show that the situation in China seemed to be different from the above-mentioned laws. Finally, the concept of ownership subdivision is brought forward to prove that there is actually no big shareholder in state holding listed companies, which results in serious insider control. Hence, no big shareholder is the exact reason of insider control.


The Mass Media and Health Practices project carried out by the Academy for Educational Development is a large-scale communication effort designed to combat diarrheal dehydration in infants and children in developing countries. Following 1 year of programming in Honduras to promote a new oral rehydration therapy (ORT) solution called Litrosol 92% of mothers were able to correctly identify the solution and almost 50% had used it at least once. In Gambia the number of mothers knowing the correct rehydration formula increased from 1-64% after 1 year of publicity. This paper describes the central role of village-level field studies in determining the success of the project. This research was aimed at characterizing the intended audience identifying what the audience needed to make ORT work and determining how the populations needs could be delivered most effectively. The studies were divided into 3 basic stages: preprogram research materials testing and monitoring. Elements of the research design included behavior trials focus group interviews individual interviews central location intercepts and pretesting. Preprogram research provided information on the cultural heritage and preferences of the intended audience. Pretesting of materials enabled the mass media staff to develop messages and instructional materials that served the interests and needs of the intended audience; it further served to correct what could have become critical errors. Finally program monitoring allowed modifications in program strategy and the correction of misconceptions. Although village-level research can be costly and time-consuming it is a fundamental source of critical changes in strategy and materials.


The teaching purpose of "CAT" is to focus on students and CAT. In the form of a team, we should first understand and rationally understand the course. Based on these, through practical exercises, students can understand the development history and basic concepts of CAT. Familiar with common CAT tools, methods and processes. Understand the language service industry chain, Industry changes and the current situation and cultivation of translators' ability. Be able to master and apply basic translation tools. Japanese translation is a core course for Japanese majors, which should not only pay attention to the training of students' basic language skills, but also pay attention to the cultivation of their application ability. While cultivating the translation skills of Japanese majors, it is necessary to guide students to make full use of computers and networks to solve the query problems of uncommon words and specialized words in translation, and to realize fast and accurate query through examples.


The x-ray photoelectron 2p spectrum of Cu and the x-ray Cu K α spectrum of CuO 4 clusters are calculated by exact diagonalization. An orthorhombic distortion leads to a complex structure of the satellite line in the x-ray photoelectron spectrum, but its influence on the K α line is very weak


DOI 10.1074/jbc.A114.611111 Short term exposure of beta cells to low concentrations of interleukin-1 improves insulin secretion through focal adhesion and actin remodeling and regulation of gene expression. Caroline Arous, Pedro G. Ferreira, Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, and Philippe A. Halban PAGE 6666: The effect of JNKII inhibitor on insulin secretion shown in Fig. 7B did not include the data from the basal condition, and the statistical analysis was not performed correctly. The corrected Fig. 7 now shows insulin secretion under basal conditions (open bars), and the statistics have been corrected. These corrections do not change the interpretation of the results or the conclusions of this work. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 290, NO. 23, p. 14491, June 5, 2015 © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.