A speech navigation method of the vehicle's satellite navigation system for the complex cross of road includes inputting the start position and destination to the system by user, choosing the optimal path on a digital navigatino map, receiving GPS signals to determine the current position on said digital map, and speech prompting of the running direction at complex cross when the distance threshold of speech prompting reaches.


Increasing the emphasis on vocational preparation in higher education raises fundamental issues regarding the relationship of people and work in our society.


In this paper a new discrete-time sliding mode control scheme for three-phase PWM rectifiers is proposed. Active and reactive powers are directly controlled using a virtual-flux oriented reference frame. Robustness of the proposed methodology to filter inductance variation is shown. Simulation results of a rectifier connected to a large power system are presented to compare the performances of the proposed strategy and the voltage oriented control scheme. Experimental results also show the better performance of the proposed scheme.


Spider mites tend to disperse by wind or by walking up a plant as the mite population and the plant grow (Rodriguez et al., 1983; Sabelis & Dicke, 1985). The vertical and horizontal course of mite movement may vary widely for different species of host plant and spider mite (reviewed by Sabelis, 1985). Many factors such as leaf surface, food availability and quality, leaf exploitation, predation, mite density, temperature, light, gravity, and humidity can modify intraplant mite dispersal. Spider mite injury to leaves can affect performance of spider mites feeding at the site of injury, as well as on leaves of the same plant that were not directly damaged (Karban & English-Loeb, 1988).


In this article the Dirac equation is used as a guideline to the historical emergence of the concept of quanta, associated with the quantum field. In Pascual Jordan's approach, electrons as quanta result from the quantization of a classical field described by the Dirac equation. With this quantization procedure – also used for the electromagnetic field – the concept of quanta becomes a central piece in quantum electrodynamics. This does not seem to avoid the apparent impossibility of using the concept of quanta when interacting fields are considered together as a closed system. In this article it is defended that the type of analysis that leads to so drastic conclusions is avoidable if we look beyond the mathematical structure of the theory and take into account the physical ideas inscribed in this mathematical structure. In this case we see that in quantum electrodynamics we are not considering a closed system of interacting fields, what we have is a description of the interactions between distinct fields. In this situation the concept of quanta is central, the Fock space being the natural mathematical structure that permits maintaining the concept of quanta when considering the interaction between the fields.


This paper looks at the emergent policing practices deployed in the immediate aftermath of the recent UK riots in Manchester in August 2011. The paper critically discusses the police's own use of social media for identification and apprehension of suspects, and in proactive policing. It problematises the increased police reliance on a set of technologies, databases and networked analytics – from CCTV and forensic DNA technologies to Automatic Number Plate Recognition systems used to deploy real time urban exclusion zones. The paper highlights some of the key complexities and ambiguities generated by the integration of such technologies and practices, and reflects on the resulting embedding of specific constructions of suspicion and riskiness in the investigation and prevention of crime and disorder


H2S+ bacteria responsible for the degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids of fish muscle are currently little used to evaluate the microbiological pal quality of fish. Shewanella putrefaciens greatly predominates in this flora, and was therefore used to define a suitable culture method and medium. Inoculations by the Spiral surface method at 25C, with an incubation of 72h, gave the best counts on a medium containing two sources of sulfur (organic and inorganic) for H2S+ bacteria. The culture medium and the NaCl concentration were determinant in the evaluation of this flora. At present there is no standard medium which meets these requirements.


It is important to evaluate exercise capacity to detect the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with heart disease. The pathology of exercise capacity is multi-factorial, and cardiac function is recognized as one of the most important determinants. However, the correlation between right ventricular (RV) function and exercise capacity is not fully understood in the subjects without HF. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between RV function and exercise capacity, both in patients with HF (HF+) and in patients with heart disease but not developed HF (HF-).

 Two hundred and fifty-two patients with heart disease who underwent both Doppler echocardiography at rest and cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET) for the assessment of heart function were enrolled (HF+: n = 142, HF-: n = 110). We measured left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E), peak late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (A), early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e'), left atrial volume (LAV), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) by echocardiography. After echocardiographic examination, symptom-limited exercise testing was performed with simultaneous respiratory gas analysis, and peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) was determined. Blood examination including hemoglobin (Hb) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was done on the same day.

 There were significant relationships between pVO2 and LVEF (r = 0.16, p = 0.005), e" (r = 0.51, p < 0.0001), E/e" (r=-0.47, p < 0.0001), LAV (r=-0.21, p = 0.0002), and TAPSE (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001) in the whole subjects. In the multiple regression analyses, age, Hb, E/e" and TAPSE were selected as significant determinants for pVO2 both in HF+ (R²=0.39, p < 0.0001) and HF- (R²=0.33, p < 0.0001).

 RV function is the prime determinant of exercise capacity in patients at risk of HF, as well as in patients with HF.
 Abstract P743 Figure.


OBJECTIVES The poor survival of engrafted stem cells in the ischemic environment limits their therapeutic ef fi cacy for myocardial infarc-tion (MI) treatment. Previously, we demonstrated that GW4064, an farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, ameliorated post-MI cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. The current study investigated whether GW4064 facilitates post-MI heart repair by engrafted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC). cent


The aim was to study the functional state of students in terms of their heart rhythm variability, lability of visual analyzers, physical capabilities and psycho-emotional state at the beginning and at the end of the apprenticeship. Methods: Altogether, 30 students training as turners were enrolled in a cohort and divided into more adapted (group 1) and less adapted (group 2) groups, according to the Eysenck's psychological types of personality and to Strelau's theory. Measurements wereperformed at the beginning and at the end ofthe apprenticeship. Heart rhythm variability, physicalcapabilities, thelability of the visual analyzer, and the psycho-emotional state wereassessed before and after the apprenticeship. Results: Less adapted individuals had more pronounced changes in heart rhythm variability: the decrease in the total spectrum power (SP) to 69,0 % in group 1 and to 84,7 % in group 2; the stress index (SI) at the end of the apprenticeship increased to 19.9 % in group 1 and to 90.9 % in group 2. The humoral-metabolic regulation mechanisms increasedto a greater extentin more adapted students: the relative value of the low-frequency waves power VLF% changed by 92.7 % in group 1 and by 45.0 % in group 2. The critical flicker fusion frequency at the beginning and at the end of the apprenticeship was 44.5 ± 0.6 Hz, 43.4 ± 0.5 Hz (p > 0,05), respectively, and the hand power 44.7 ± 0.4 kg and 45 ± 0.4 kg (p > 0,05). After the apprenticeship, students' state of health according to the SAN scale decreased by 27 % from 5.6 ± 0.3 points to 4.1 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001); their activity decreased from 5.5 ± 0.2 points to 4.2 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001) to 24 %; their mood decreased by 13 % from 5.4 ± 0.1 points to 4.7 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: it is necessary to take into account students' adaptive capabilities when assessing the impact of production factors on the body during theapprenticeship.


This paper examines how capital controls affect FDI decisions and how the impact of these restrictive measures varies with different levels of country risk. We construct a model of firms' FDI decisions, broadly in Dunning's eclectic theory framework, using real options to emphasize economic uncertainty and country risk. Numerical results of the model take the form of quality statistics that uncover the underlying dynamics hidden in the aggregate data that is responsible for the low performance of recent empirical studies. We find that increasing levels of capital controls reduce the life-span of FDI investments at each level of country risk and foreign investors' willingness towards risk sharing increases. We reveal a significant interaction between capital control and country risk, resulting in a nonlinear relationship between these and the volatility and volume statistics. We estimate a standard cross-sectional model that provides strong support for our theoretical findings.


Acetanilide and its derivatives have been the subject of some interest because of certain anomalous properties of the vibrational spectrum of the amide group [Careri, Buontempo, Galluzi, Scott, Gratton & Shyamsunder (1984). Phys. Rev. B, 30, 4689-4702; Barthes (1995). Nonlinear Excitations in Biomolecules, edited by M. Peyrard, pp. 209-221. Berlin: Springer]. In the title compound, C 8 HF 8 NO, the molecules are linked through N-H...O hydrogen bonds, with an intermolecular N...O distance of 2.894 (9) A. They form chains parallel to the b axis which are stacked one on top of another in the c direction.


The construction of harmonious culture in the aim to the harmonious society provides the formidable energetic power,and it is also beneficial to the melt contradiction,the social stability and economical coordinated development in our country.Moreover,it can build a good harmonious society environment.So we must strengthen the socialism core value system construction,insists humanist,and carries on the cultural innovation in constructing the harmonious culture.


Ⅰ、The paper introduces the notion of undecidability and incompleteness theorem of Godel. Ⅱ,
The paper points out that there are almost everywhere undecidable integral formulae in the second-order
model M of standard analysis,for example the fomula . Ⅲ、The paper introduces a
mathematical formula(3,1) : ,which is commonly used in the Coulomb settering in
physics,and proves that A6is equivalent to(3,1). Ⅳ ,According to Godel's incompleteness theorem and the notion of undecidability,the paper claims that the formula(3,1) ,or equivalently ,the formula A6 may be undertaken to be a local mathematical axiom in physics.


This paper studied the stress of Metropolitan Transit driving crews. Stress to such workers can not only lead to fatalities and infrastructure damage but also enormous loss of competitiveness. The study was carried out to search for ways of alleviating stress of driving crews. In order to reduce the various factors that exacerbate job stress of driving crews of Metropolitan Transit, it is first necessary to expand training in order to enhance their expertise, and improve facilities to protect driving crews in the event of accidents. Second, psychological compensation or organization`s systems may cause job stress. It may therefore be possible to solve fundamental problems through typical organization level approach such as leadership training programs. Third, job stress may be reduced through proper life habits such as personal regular exercise. Fourth, we need to improve driving crews` working conditions and adjust working hours by avoiding excessive performance competition and an unfair evaluation system, by understanding their mental states, and by setting up systems such as a comprehensive health improvement and management program at the organization level.


The giant condylomata acuminata of Buschke-Lowenstein is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus, clinically characterized by genital warts, with high potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. This article seeks to report the case of a male patient, HIV-negative, who had bleeding, purulent discharge and injury with vegetative aspect in the perianal region. Biopsy of the lesion showed condyloma of Buschke-Lowenstein, and, after six months, surgery with wide excision of the lesion and rectum amputation was performed. The anatomopathological examination of the surgical specimen showed squamous cells carcinoma.


Background In 2005, around 175 million samples were sent for analysis to NHS pathology laboratories in England. Pathology departments in England had a combined gross budget of £1.8 billion in 2005/2006, and on average each Trust spent 5.1% of its total budget on pathology. Audits conducted in a different speciality showed 33% inefficient usage of pathology services. Aim To improve efficiency in the use of pathology services in Paediatrics and Neonatal Medicine. Methods A small project team of senior paediatric specialist registrars (ST6 and above) was formed. We compared two 5 month blocks for pathology tests usage (Retrospective (Jan 2010 - May 2010) and prospective (Jan 2011-May 2011)). Series of measures were undertaken to improve awareness in order to efficiently order pathology requests. These included increased awareness at handover, academic meetings, on the wards, email reports of the number and pattern of tests ordered, use of posters on the wards, increased usage of near patient testing, designing specific pathways for specific disorders and developing guidelines after service evaluation and audits and ongoing review of the project by the project team. In addition, we compared activity in terms of number of admissions and length of stay. Results A 25 % reduction in the number of tests was seen (58,589 (Jan-May 2010) v/s 43,955 (Jan –May 2011) between the two time periods. The most commonly ordered tests included Full Blood Count (12% in both time periods), C reactive Protein (7.2% (Jan-May 2010) v/s 6.5% (Jan - May 2011) Urea and Electrolytes (5% in both time periods). During the 2 time periods Jan 2010-May 2010 v/s Jan 2011- May 2011 activity reported month on month was comparable in terms of number of admissions (3400 v/s3586) and length of stay (elective: 2.6 v/s1.7 (median) non elective: 3.65 v/s 3.725 (median)). Conclusion A combined method of improving awareness, developing new guidelines and pathways can contribute to a reduction in the usage of pathology services.


* List of Tables * Preface * Introduction * Nation-Building and Social Integration Theory * Discovering the Centuries-Old State Tradition * Nation, State, and Religion * Integration or Alienation? Russians in the Former Soviet Republics * Nation-Building in Two Bicultural States: Latvia and Kazakhstan * Two Romanias, Two Moldovas * Belarus: The Dog That Didnt Bark * Ukraine: Building a Nation on Marginal Differences * Russia: The Old Center Versus the NewVersus the Periphery * Comparisons and Conclusions * Notes * Selected Bibliography


A SELF ORGANIZING BEST FIRST SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR STATE SPACE PROBLEMS IS PRESENTED. THE ALGORITHM PERMITS THE EFFECTIVE USE OF AN IMPERFECT PREFERENCE PREDICATE. A PERFECT PREFERENCE PREDICATE, GIVEN ANY TWO STATES (A,B), RETURNS `TRUE'' IF AND ONLY IF STATE `A'' SHOULD BE EXPLORED BEFORE STATE `B''. THE ANALYSIS OF THE ALGORITHM GIVES A QUANTATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY OF THE PREFERENCE PREDICATE, THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SEARCH EFFORT, AND THE PROBABILITY OF OBTAINING A SOLUTION WITHIN THE ALLOWED SEARCH EFFORT. THE ALGORITHM, ITS ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS, ARE ILLUSTRATED USING THE EIGHT PUZZLE PROBLEM.


Preemption threshold scheduling (PTS) enables designing scalable real-time systems. PTS not only decreases the run-time overhead of the system, but can also be used to decreases the number of threads and the memory requirements of the system. In this paper, we combine preemption threshold scheduling with dynamic voltage scaling to enable energy efficient scheduling in real time systems. We consider PTS with task priorities defined by the earliest deadline first policy. We present an algorithm to compute threshold preemption levels for tasks with given static slowdown factors. The proposed algorithm improves upon known algorithm in terms of time complexity. Using our approach, we show that PTS can be used to substantially minimize the context switching overhead even in the presence of slowdown. Experimental results show that preemption threshold scheduling reduces the context switches by 50%90%. Further, we describe a dynamic slack reclamation technique that working in conjunction with PTS and yields further energy gains from 10-50% depending upon availability of slack.


INTRODUCTION
Alarm criteria make it possible to identify persons who visit emergency services because of severe secondary headaches.

AIMS
To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients who visit emergency departments due to headache, the incidence of alarm criteria, treatment and the diagnosis after one year's follow-up.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective observational cross-sectional study of the persons attended in the emergency department of the Arnau de Vilanova Hospital between June 2014 and May 2015 due to headache.

RESULTS
A total of 303 persons were identified, of whom 165 were finally included in the study. There was a predominance of women (66.7%). The mean age was 41.2 ± 15.9 years. Only 16.4% were referred from primary care and 52 (31.5%) presented alarm criteria. A computerised tomography head scan was performed in half of these cases, and lumbar puncture was carried out in four of them (7.7%). A serious cause of headache was found in four cases (2.4%). After one year of follow-up, three patients who did not initially visit because of alarm criteria were diagnosed with severe diseases of the central nervous system, and 23 (13.9%) returned to the emergency department for the same reason.

CONCLUSIONS
Only one out of every two patients meets the alarm criteria. The proportion of severe secondary headache is really low. The multidisciplinary management of headache needs to be improved in our setting to prevent people visiting the emergency department due to primary headaches without any alarm criteria.


Purpose - The aim of this study is to explain two relationships: between e-loyalty and the emotional responses (e-trust and e-satisfaction) and between these emotional response and the appraisals ( ...


The pathogenesis of premature ovarian failure is closely related to immunity. In- depth understanding and early detecting autoimmune premature ovarian is the key to the prevention and treatment of the disease. A series of disadvantages exists in present hormone treatment.,This paper aims to expound the occurrence,development and outcome of autoimmune premature ovarian failure from perspectives of the Chinese'heart-kidney-uterine axis' holistic theory,'treatment based on syndrome differentiation 'system, 'preventive treatment'ideology and so on.


The previous multi-layer learning network is easy to fall into local extreme points in supervised learning. If the training samples sufficiently cover future samples, the learned multi-layer weights can be well used to predict new test samples. This paper mainly studies the research and analysis of machine short text sentiment classification based on Bayesian network and deep neural network algorithm. It first introduces Bayesian network and deep neural network algorithms, and analyzes the comments of various social software such as Twitter, Weibo, and other popular emotional communication platforms. Using modeling technology popular reviews are designed to conduct classification research on unigrams, bigrams, parts of speech, dependency labels, and triplet dependencies. The results show that the range of its classification accuracy is the smallest as 0.8116 and the largest as 0.87. These values are obtained when the input nodes of the triple dependency feature are 12,000, and the reconstruction error range of the Boltzmann machine is limited between 7.3175 and 26.5429, and the average classification accuracy is 0.8301. The advantages of triplet dependency features for text representation in text sentiment classification tasks are illustrated. It shows that Bayesian and deep neural network show good advantages in short text emotion classification.


Rubber composites make an important contribution to eliminating vibration and noise owing to their unique viscoelasticity. However, it is important to find alternative bio-based products with high damping properties owing to the shortage of petrochemical resources and poor performance. The ability to self-heal is an additional characteristic that is highly desirable because it can further increase the service life and safety of such products. In this study, a bio-based polylactic acid thermoplastic polyurethane (PLA-TPU) and its composites (PLA-TPU/AO-80) were synthesized. The reversible sacrificial hydrogen bonds in the composites increased the peak value of the loss factor (tan δmax ) from 0.87 to 2.12 with a high energy dissipation efficiency of 99% at 50% strain. After being heated for 15 min, the healed sample recovered 81.98% of its comprehensive mechanical properties due to the reorganization of the hydrogen bonds. Its tensile strength remained at 93.4% after recycling five times. Moreover, its shape memory properties showed a response temperature close to the human body temperature making it an ideal candidate for medical applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Background: School Health Unit is an effort to build healthy habits in order to improve students health through three main programs, namely health education, health services, and healthy environment development. Development of school resilience was conducted through a healthy school environment. Due to improving the health of school communities, an healthy school environment should be created. Purpose: To identify the indicators of healthy school environment development of school health unit program: at Public Primary Schools in Bontobahari Bulukumba district. Methods: The descriptive survey with cross sectional study design. The population of 27 schools with random cluster sampling technique. The obtained samples were 13 schools. Results: The results showed that there were 10 schools (76.9%) with good category and three schools (23.1%) with adequate category. All the schools meet the indicator of the room and buldings, lighting, garbage, noise, and sewerage. Most of the schools meet the indicator of the board distance, classroom density, clean water, cafeteria/eatery, and school grounds. Only a limited number of schools meet the indicator of the ventilation, hand-washing facility, and behavior. All the schools eligible indicators of the learners table and WC/Toilet. Conclusion: The development of healthy school environment at Public Primary Schools on sub-district of Bontobahari in Bulukumba district were in good category. It is hoped that the next researcher would examine other indicators overview of school health unit program, namely health education and health service.


A study was conducted in Balibo, East Timor, to investigate the suitability and efficacy of Dyna-mate Carmel Carrier 11 as an alternative thermal fog dispersal agent to diesel. Reslin used at 6%, formulated in Dyna-mate CC11, at both 1 part in 5, and 10 parts water, was effective in controlling sentinel adult Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.


Discharge from a 200  m2 permeable modular concrete paver test section on an atypical 6.0 to 7.4% slope and in an active roadway was monitored concurrently with an adjacent reference conventional asphalt section in Auckland, New Zealand. The permeable modular pavement (PMP) underdrain water quality had consistent total suspended solids (TSS), zinc, and copper event mean concentrations that were statistically less than the reference asphalt runoff. Event mean concentration (EMC) distributions ranged over only a few μg/L, or mg/L from the PMP underdrain versus more than an order of magnitude for some parameters from the reference asphalt. Runoff volume control by the PMP contributed to substantial pollutant mass loading differences despite clay subsurface soils. PMP joint and bedding material were identified as the likely source of most pollutants in the underdrain discharge that might be avoidable with a construction specification for well-washed materials. A properly designed PMP section would likely prov...


Objective:To investigate the risk factors related to pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE)and/or deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in hospitalized patients based on the analysis of PTE and DVT epidemiological data.Methods:The clinical data of218inpatients with PTE and/or DVT in recent10years were reviewed.The epidemiological data including tendency of incidence,demographic features,co-existing diseases,acquired risk factors and ABO blood type were analyzed.Results:There was an increasing trend in the number of inpatients with PTE and/or DVT.The male/female ratio was1.45,and was1∶1in patients≥45years old.The main risk factors of PTE and/or DVT were operation,trauma and fracture within3months.There was no significant difference in these main risk factors between relapse patients and non-relapse patients.The ratio of non-O blood type in inpatients with PTE and/or DVT was higher than in control group(P0.01).Conclusion:The incidence of PTE and/or DVT is rising year by year.Operation,trauma and fracture are the main risk factors of PTE and/or DVT.Estro-gen level and agglutinin on red blood cell membrane seem to be related with PTE and/or DVT.


Many layered silicate clay minerals such as hectorite readily adsorb or intercalate organic species. Surface or intergallery structural effects, electric fields, or charged particles may then facilitate polymerization or other reactions, resulting in novel inorganic/organic host–guest composite systems. We have studied the interaction of Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite with the polar monomer aniline, nonpolar styrene, and the amino acid glycine. Hectorite is known to readily intercalate aniline into its intergallery regions, where spontaneous polymerization occurs, resulting in nearly two-dimensional sheets of the conducting polymer polyaniline. In addition, aniline vapor is spontaneously polymerized on the surface of Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite, due to the presence of micro-pore sites on the silicate surface where oxidizing Cu2+ cations are available. For the nonpolar styrene molecule, little or no intercalation occurs. Surface polymerization of styrene is observed for long, intense exposures to the monomer in...


This research work was carried out at the "Carlos Andrade Marin" Specialty Hospital where
an analysis of the work performance of the health professionals of the emergency unit was
executed. The sample was presented in the course of the month of June 2019 made up of 361
subjects, 264 adults and 97 pediatric patients, reflecting the most relevant concepts of the
emergency service, its characteristics and factors for its operation as collaborating entities. For
the classification of emergency patient care, the health house uses the Manchester methodology
for the waiting time, which is systematized nationwide in all health homes of the Ecuadorian
Institute of Social Security. The users who participated in the study went through the entire
process until they were discharged, so that they can rate the performance of the staff during their
stay, using the graphic scale performance method, which allows to designate a satisfaction value
through the patients' perception taking into account the following parameters: assistance to the
emergency unit, designation by the triage unit, staff qualification, service qualification,
bottlenecks per hours of care, obtaining relevant data and defining the characteristics of the
problem, reflecting that for optimal and quality care it is necessary for health personnel to
maintain a good relationship with the patient, developing a training plan, performance indicators
and an evaluation that allows staff feedback.
Keywords: Hospital emergency, patients, perception, work performance, indicators, training
plan.


Providing a soil organic matter of carbonization treatment means carbonizing soil organic matter (waste plastic products, etc.) is buried in the embodiment. Means the following structure: generating boiler (2) steam, boiler water vapor transport through the superheated steam be superheated steam generating processing means (3) embedded in the processed soil (X) during the carbonization process, supplying superheated steam supply tube portion (4) supplying superheated steam into the soil, and supplying superheated steam generator (3) to the superheated steam supply unit (4) generates superheated steam (5).


Prerecombination acoustic oscillations induce nonadiabatic perturbations between baryons and dark matter, corresponding to a constant relative-density ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{bc}$ and decaying relative-velocity perturbation ${\mathbit{v}}_{bc}$. Due to their significant large-scale correlations and prominent baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) features, these modes are potentially important for the use of the BAO as standard ruler. We present a complete treatment of the effects of the baryon\char21{}cold dark matter perturbations on galaxy clustering in the context of a rigorous perturbative bias expansion. The leading effects are proportional to ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{bc}$ and ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{bc}={\ensuremath{\partial}}_{i}{v}_{bc}^{i}$. We estimate the magnitude of these terms through the excursion set approach. The contribution from ${v}_{bc}^{2}$, which has attracted significant attention recently, contributes at subleading (one-loop) order. The relative-density contribution ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{bc}$ is expected to be by far the largest contribution. We also point out contributions to the galaxy velocity bias, the largest of which is simply ${v}_{bc}$, leading to a term $\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{bc}$ in the redshift-space galaxy power spectrum ${P}_{g}^{s}(k,\ensuremath{\mu})$. Complete expressions of the galaxy power spectrum at one-loop order are given, which contain several new terms.


Phytochemical study on the roots of Sophora flavescens resulted in the isolation of eight compounds. Their structures were identified as isoxanthohumol ( 1 ), norkurarinone ( 2 ), kurarinone ( 3 ), 2¢-methoxykurarinone ( 4 ), kushenol T ( 5 ), norkurarinol ( 6 ), kuraridin ( 7 ), and formononetin ( 8 ) by detailed analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, and MS in comparison with the data reported in the literature.


NIHR funding statement: "This is a summary of independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East of England (CLAHRC EoE) Programme." NIHR disclaimer statement: "The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health" © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


A reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) process using a titanium target in a mixture of Ar/O2 has been investigated for different modes of operation including pure argon, metallic, transition, and compound mode. The trends and changes in the plasma density ne and the effective electron temperature Teff, have been measured by the time-resolved Langmuir probe technique. The same experimental process conditions have also been studied using a recently developed reactive ionization region model (R-IRM), making it possible to compare the acquired experimental results with the model results. It was found that trends in the plasma density and mean electron energy as measured by the Langmuir probe are in good agreement with the results obtained from the R-IRM model for different pulse discharge current densities. The effective electron temperature generally increases with an increasing oxygen flow rate. It is likely due to a reduction of sputtered Ti, due to compound formation on the target, wh...


The g-(Fe,M)23C6 phases constitute an important class of iron carbides. They occur both as precipitates in steels and iron alloys, thereby increasing their strength, and as common minerals in meteorites and in iron-rich parts of the Earth's mantle. Here we investigate the composition-dependent relative stability of these phases and the role of magnetism therein. The g-(Fe,M)23C6 phases have mineral names isovite (M 1⁄4 Cr) and haxonite (M 1⁄4 Ni), and have a complex crystal structure (116 atoms in the cubic unit cell) in which the metal atoms have a rich variety of atomic coordination numbers, ranging from 12 to 16. Firstprinciples calculations show a narrow formation range for g-(Fe1 xNix)23C6 (x 1⁄4 0e0.043), while the formation range for g-(Fe1 xCrx)23C6 is very broad (x 1⁄4 0e0.85), in good agreement with available experimental data. The present study also shows the importance of magnetism on the formation and stability of these compounds. The conditions of formation and several factors enhancing or hampering the formation of g-(Fe,M)23C6 in man-made steels and in meteorites are discussed. © 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The study compares the use of organic manure and fertilizer by arable crop farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 166 respondents have selected through a multistage random sampling procedure. Results showed that a minute 5.4% of the respondents make use of both types of manure, and that cost, availability of manure, and hazardous effect or pollution were major problems associated with the use of in organic fertilizers. Offensive odour, bulkiness, presence of weed materials and pests and diseases were major problems of using organic manure. Lack of technical know-how and land tenure were major problems confronting both respondents using chemical fertilizer and organic manure. The perceived benefits of using organic manure among others were improvement of soil structure, increased farm yield, increasing water-holding capacity and porosity of soils. Regression result indicated that age, educational level, farm size, farming experience and extension contact were significant in determining farmers' use of manure type. From the findings, it was recommended that problems of using manures should be tackled by designing appropriate agricultural policies and intensifying extension efforts in the area; extension programmes designed for farmers should include an orientation on the proper use of manures.


In this paper,AutoCAD's accurate drawing method of traverse simple survey adjustment will be introduced in detail through CAD's powerful draw function.And it can provide a method about graph calculation for us.


Mixed inhibitors of aminopeptidase N and neprilysin are described. Pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of these compounds, used alone or in combination with morphine and its derivatives, endocannabinoids and inhibitors of their metabolism, GABA derivatives such as gabapentin or pregabalin, duloxetine or methadone, can be used as an analgesic, anxiolytic, antidepressant or anti-inflammatory.


In mobile robotics, the exploration task consists of navigating through an unknown environment and building a representation of it. The mobile robot community has developed many approaches to solve this problem. These methods are mainly based on two key ideas. The first one is the selection of promising regions to explore and the second is the minimization of a cost function involving the distance traveled by the robots, the time it takes for them to finish the exploration, and others. An option to solve the exploration problem is the use of multiple robots to reduce the time needed for the task and to add fault tolerance to the system. We propose a new method to explore unknown areas, by using a scene partitioning scheme and assigning weights to the frontiers between explored and unknown areas. Energy consumption is always a concern during the exploration, for this reason our method is a distributed algorithm, which helps to reduce the number of communications between robots. By using this approach, we also effectively reduce the time needed to explore unknown regions and the distance traveled by each robot. We performed comparisons of our approach with state-of-the-art methods, obtaining a visible advantage over other works.


It would be ideal, of course, that the answers to the identified gaps in our knowledge would come from the contributions to this conference. This ideal goal is not within reach of this discussion session because of the many unknown aspects of the role of water in foundations and excavations with respect to the limited time we were allotted. That is why it was felt it preferable to concentrate on two main themes:


Distinct faecal microbiota profiles are reported to be associated with various subtypes of IBS. Circulating antibodies to cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) and vinculin are proposed as biomarkers to identify post‐infectious IBS. The aim of our study was to analyse serum levels of anti‐CdtB and anti‐vinculin antibodies in patients with different functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) and their correlation with the composition of faecal microbiome.


The prediction models of assembly processes for critical parts will enable ensuring adaptive control of assembly based on the measured information. Direct simulation of the mating process with employing computational mating models and finite element models of assemblies requires considerable computational resources and is frequently accompanied by the solution convergence problem. To solve the above problems, neural network models may be employed, which describe basic regularities for the mating process based on the cumulative results. The work describes the technique for predicting the mating precision of parts based on real geometric models of surfaces. Real models of parts represents dot arrays of their surfaces. The technique employs the developed model, allowing to calculate the assembly geometric parameters of parts. The results of mating simulation for the disk and the spacer of the turbine rotor are considered. To predict the parameter of "radial run-out" depending on the value and nature of form deviation and tension of mating surfaces, a radial-base neural network was developed and trained.


With the arrival of economic globalization and the international standards consolidated in international trade, standardization, characterized with its unique" transparency, openness, equality, unanimity and adaptability," is becoming an important tool to promote application of industrial and patent technologies


PURPOSE
To study the innate immunity in telomerase-immortalized human stroma fibroblasts (THSFs) challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae after copretreatment with TLR2 and TLR4 ligand.

METHODS
THSFs were pretreated with different concentrations of zymosan and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at different time periods, and challenged with high-dose Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. The gene expression and protein secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. The effects of stimulation or pretreatment of TLR ligands on proliferation of THSFs were measured by MTT analysis.

RESULTS
In the certain concentration range, pretreatment of THSFs with zymosan suppressed gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6). Copretreatment with zymosan and LPS suppressed gene expression and protein secretion more strongly compared with pretreatment with zymosan or LPS alone. Zymosan and/or LPS pretreatment suppressed lethal effect of A. fumigatus to THSFs in a certain period.

CONCLUSIONS
Pretreatment of THSFs with TLR2-specific ligand zymosan results in a state of A. fumigatus hyphae tolerance. Copretreatment with TLR2 and -4 ligands (zymosan and LPS) leads to a stronger state of A. fumigatus hyphae tolerance, and suppresses the lethal effect of A. fumigatus.


OBJECTIVES
The study presents modified detachable Deschamps ligature carrier (MDDLC), which applied in sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) procedure allows for suture placement through the sacrospinous ligament in a limited pararectal space.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prototype of new surgical instrument has been applied in paravaginal procedures suspending vaginal vault to the sacrospinous ligament among other reconstructive procedures performed on nine patients with genital prolapse.

RESULTS
No complications have been noticed with the use of new device.

CONCLUSIONS
MDDLC, designed and accomplished by authors, is simple in its construction and easy in application.


The purpose of this study is not only to evaluate service orientation, as a socially constructed variable but also empirically to examine its...


The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is developing optical micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) components for potential application in Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) science instruments. In this work, we present an overview of the electro-mechanical simulation of three MEMS components for NGST, which include a reflective micro-mirror array and transmissive microshutter array for aperture control for a near infrared (NIR) multi-object spectrometer and a large aperture MEMS Fabry-Perot tunable filter for a NIR wide field camera. In all cases the device must operate at cryogenic temperatures with low power consumption and low, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible, voltages. The goal of our simulation efforts is to adequately predict both the performance and the reliability of the devices during ground handling, launch, and operation to prevent failures late in the development process and during flight. This goal requires detailed modeling and validation of complex electro-thermal-mechanical interactions and very large non-linear deformations, often involving surface contact. Various parameters such as spatial dimensions and device response are often difficult to measure reliably at these small scales. In addition, these devices are fabricated from a wide variety of materials including surface micro-machined aluminum, reactive ion etched (RIE) silicon nitride, and deep reactive ion etched (DRIE) bulk single crystal silicon. The above broad set of conditions combine to be a formidable challenge for space flight qualification analysis. These simulations represent NASA/GSFC's first attempts at implementing a comprehensive strategy to address complex MEMS structures.


Objective To analysis the operative treatment and clinic efficacy for Monteggia's fracture in children.Methods From September,1992 to September 2005,58 children with Monteggia's fracture were treated by operative methods,including 22 cases of fresh fracture and 36 cases of old fracture .34 cases were fixed by single needles(12 cases of fresh fracture,22cases of old fracture);24 cases were fixed by double needle(10 cases of fresh fracture,14 cases of old fracture).Results All the cases were followed up for 1~9 years(average 4.2 years),according to the scoring system building by Li-hanming for the motion function,the single needle group rate as excellent in 28,good in 4,fair in 1,and poor in 1,the excellent and good rate was 94.1%;the double needle group was rate as excellent in 16,good in 5,fair in 2,and poor in 1,the excellent and good rate was 87.5%.Conclusion Closed replacement is the first prefer treatment for the Monteggia's fracture in children. Old fracture and fresh fracture after failed manual articulattion reposition should be treated by operation which includes open reduction,reduction of humeroradial,Kirschner wire and plaster fixation,a satisfactory result can be expected.


Hernia is defined as protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus through a weakening or defect in the wall of its containing cavity. Areas of potential anatomical weakness includes inguinal canal, femoral canal, linea alba, umbilical scar, as well as acquired surgical trauma. The weakening/defect may be acquired (like surgical scar) or congenital (like deep inguinal ring). Raised intraabdominal pressure is the most important factor that leads to the development of hernia through the weak areas. Clinically, the hernia usually presents with an abdominal swelling that progresses gradually over time. The sites of hernia are characteristic and usually points towards the diagnosis. While evaluating a hernia clinically, it is important to identify the content of the hernia sac and whether it suffers any complication, as well as the cause of the hernia development. Failing to identify these prior to surgery, will likely result in morbidity as well as recurrence. This chapter will focus on the clinical art of history taking and examination of different abdominal hernias.


By the package design problem we are given a set of queries (referred to as a query log) with each being a bit string indicating the favourite activities or items of customers and required to design a package of activities (or items) to satisfy as many customers as possible. It is a typical problem of data mining. In this paper, we address this problem and propose two algorithms to find most popular packages based on the signature techniques. One is for finding single packages while the second is devoted to the design of multiple packages, by which a binary tree for a query log is constructed in a way as a signature tree for a signature file. Extensive experiments have also been conducted, which show that our method for this problem is promising.


Problem statement: Nerves are frequently injured by traumatic lesions , such as crushing, compression (entrapment), stretching, partial and t otal extraction, resulting in damages to the transmission of nerve impulses and to the reduction or loss of sensitivity, to the motility and to the reflexes of the innervated area. The objective of t his study was to evaluate the results of a rehabili tation program that lasted three months in the process of traumatic injury recovery of the median and ulnar nerves in a 52 year-old patient. Approach: The patient underwent an evaluation of the muscle strength and the functional capacity before and after three months of rehabilitation treatment, consisting of movements and specific techniques of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), which lasted approximately 50-60 min per session and with a freq uency of three weekly visits. She also performed stretching, neural mobilization maneuvers, ultrasou nd and laser. Results: The physical therapy approach proposed, in the present case, minimized the injury impact and facilitated the gradual return of patie nts to basic and instrumental activities of daily living. It was possible to observe improvement on the funct ional abilities and the muscle strength after the end of the protocol. Conclusion: The morphological and functional recovery after a nerve injury is rarely complete and perfect, as it was in this case. Howev er, a proper clinical management, combined with a rehabilitation protocol can minimize the deficiencies and facilitate the return of patients to their daily ac tivities.


[Name removed], a registered nurse who stuck herself with a needle during surgery at the Mount Sinai Hospital in Connecticut, will be allowed to sue her employer for emotional distress damages. The suit stems from the hospital's refusal to have the patient's blood tested for HIV. Connecticut General Statutes states that a health care worker can ask her employer's exposure evaluation group to direct the testing of a patient. A state trial referee ruled that Connecticut's worker's compensation statute did not preclude [name removed] from suing for emotional distress damages because her suit stems not from the needle prick, but from the hospital's failure to test the patient's blood.


Optimal trajectory planning for robot manipulators is always the hot spot in the research field of robotics. The performance indexes used in optimal trajectory planning are classified into two main categories. One is called optimum traveling time. The other is called optimum mechanical energy of the actuators. The current trajectory planning algorithms are designed based on one of the above two performance indexes. Unfortunately, there are few planning algorithms designed to satisfy two performance indexes simultaneously. There are some deficiencies in the existing integrated optimization algorithms of trajectory planning. In order to overcome those deficiencies, the integrated optimization algorithms of trajectory planning are presented based on the complete analysis for trajectory planning of robot manipulators


THE IMPACT OF NEONATAL PAIN AND REDUCED MATENRAL CARE ON BRAIN AND BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT by SEAN M. MOONEY-LEBER May 2018 Advisor: Dr. Susanne Brummelte


In 1852, when the medical discoverer of alcoholism, Magnus Huss, was being honoured by the Academie franqaise, a spokesman for the Academie wrote that "France has many drunkards, but happily, no alcoholics." Sixty years later, on the eve of World War I, if one is to believe the reports of parliamentary commissions, economists, hygienists and social reformers, France had few drunks but a plethora of alcoholics, from the Breton peasant who fed calvados to his children to the worker of Paris and the Midi who had abandoned wine, that "natural and hygienic drink", for the evils of mass-produced industrial alcohol, especially absinthe. By 1914, alcoholism was considered one of the three grands fleaux, or great plagues, that had struck France in the late nineteenth century, and it was blamed for all the ills of society, from a rising rate of criminality, suicide and mental illness to depopulation, revolutionary worker movements and even feminism. Alcoholism was, therefore, not just an individual misfortune, but a national tragedy. It had become, in the words of Clemenceau, "the whole social problem" and as such required the mobilized forces of the country to conquer it. If alcoholism was considered a national calamity, one sector of the population, namely the working class, was thought to be both particularly vulnerable and culpable. Misery, it was believed, was largely caused by alcoholism and temperance propaganda invariably drew on the lives of the most visibly miserable, the urban workers, for examples to illustrate the evils of excessive drink. Emile Zola's novel L'Assommoir dramatized the problem, and among workers themselves there was the widely known


Two new oxamato-bridged copper(II) complexes of formula Na10[{Cu2(mpba)2}2(μ1,1-N3)2]·18H2O (1) and [{Cu2(mpba)2}Cu2(H2O)8]·6H2O (2) [mpba = 1,3-phenylenebis(oxamato-N,N′)] have been synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystallographic studies of complex 1 reveal a metallamacrocycle structure in which two dinuclear copper(II) metallacyclophane anions are linked by two single symmetric azido ligands in an end-on mode at axial–axial positions. These metallamacrocycle units are self-assembled through sodium cations and water molecules, affording an intricate 3D network. Complex 2 consists of 2D brick-wall-like layers assembled from dinuclear metallacyclophane [Cu2(mpba)2]4– anions and copper(II) cations. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of complex 1 in the temperature range 2–300 K show dominating ferromagnetic coupling mediated by the m-phenylenediamide bridge and weak antiferromagnetic interaction transmitted by the azido ligand.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


Phosphorus is a kind of non-renewable resources, and it is the key aspect of water eutrophication. The method which solves these two questions simultaneously is phosphorus recovery from phosphoric water. This article introduces and analyzes three kinds of methods which phosphorus recovery from phosphoric water in presently domestic and foreign studyed and applicated.It narrates technical principle, main craft influencing factors and research development of calcium phosphate, molysite, calorization precipitation and struvite.


Electroless Ni coated Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes reinforced with Stainless Steel 316L matrix composite was developed by Direct Metal Laser Sintering process (DMLS). Homogeneous mixture of Stainless Steel 316L powder and carbon nanotubes in different vol. % was obtained by using double cone blender machine. Characterization of electroless Ni coated carbon nanotubes was done by using X-ray diffraction, FESEM and EDS. Test samples were fabricated at different laser scan speeds. Effect of process parameters and CNT vol. % content on solidification microstructure and mechanical properties of test samples was investigated by using Optical microscopy, FESEM, and Hounsfield tensometer. Experimental results reveal DMLS process parameters affect the density and microstructure of sintered parts. Dense parts with minimum porosity when processed at low laser scan speeds and low CNT vol. %. Tensile fractured surface of test specimens evidences the survival of carbon nanotubes under high temperature processing condition.


The new hydromechanics method of closing of the Reynolds equations system is given in the article. It is also explained the new appeared coefficients of the new equation members in the view of physical conception.


Different measurements of equilibrium equivalent concentration of radon progeny (EECRn) were taken over a period of one year in indoor air of physics department at Minya University, located in the Upper Egypt. A method based on an alpha spectroscopy subsequent to the samples which were collected on a membrane filters (Sartorius membrane filters type SM, 1.2 µm pore size, 25 mm diameter and its efficiency about 100%) were used. The alpha activities were detected during and after air sampling by a surface barrier detector. EEC Rn varied between 1.36 and 18.98 Bq m-3 with an average value of 5.74 Bq m-3. The unattached fraction was measured using a single stainless steel-wire-mesh screen (50% penetration for 4 nm equivalent diameter). A mean unattached fraction (fp) of 0.08 was obtained. Based on the obtained measured data values (fp and EEC Rn), dose conversion factors were compared to epidemiology based value of 4 mSv/WLM for indoor air.


This paper analyses how the income inequality in a country like Brazil can affect the economic growth rates. After showing possible causes of inequality and the main models which observe the effects of income differences over growth, the article applies non-linear methods to panel data to detect the true relation between these variables in Brazil. After rebuilding these tests for Brazilian case, we show that an increase in the level of economic inequality has a significant negative relationship with subsequent economic growth, and moreover, it is possible conclude that changes in inequality, in any direction, are associated with reduced growth in the next period. Key-Words: Inequality income. Economic growth. Panel data. Non-linearity.


There remains no one standard induction for nodal‐based peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL). We conducted a phase II study of lenalidomide plus CHOEP as a novel induction strategy. Patients received CHOEP at standard doses in combination with 10 mg of lenalidomide on days 1–10 of a 21‐day cycle for six cycles of therapy followed by observation, high‐dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue, or maintenance lenalidomide per provider preference. Among 39 patients evaluable for efficacy, the objective response rate after six cycles was 69%, with complete response in 49%, partial response in 21%, stable disease in 0% and progressive disease in 13%. Thirty‐two patients (82%) completed full induction, and seven patients (18%) discontinued for toxicity, primarily hematologic. Any grade hematologic toxicity occurred in over 50% of patients, with grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia occurring in 35% of patients despite mandated growth factors. With a median followup of surviving patients of 21.3 months, the estimated 2‐year progression‐free and overall survival were 55% (95% CI 37%–70%) and 78% (95% CI 59%–89%), respectively. In sum, six cycles of lenalidomide plus CHOEP resulted in a modest response rate primarily due to hematologic toxicity, which prevented all patients from completing planned induction.


Structures of two polymorphs of -trehalose octaacetate monohydrate, , have been studied by X-ray diffraction method. -trehalose (-D-glucopyranosyl -D-glucopyranoside) is a nonreducing disaccharide. The polymorph I belongs to the monoclinic , and has unit cell parameters of a=10.725(l), b=15.110(4), c=11.199(5) , and Z=2. The polymorph II is orthorhombic , with a=13.684(4), b=15.802(4), c=17.990(9) and Z=4. The final R and R values for monoclinic polymorph I are 0.043 and 0.048 and for orthorhombic polymorph II are 0.116 and 0.118, respectively. Those R values of polymorph II are high because the large thermal motions of acetyl groups and the poor quality of the crystal. The molecular conformations in the two polymorphs are similar. Both D-glucopyranosyl rings have chair conformations and atoms of glycosidic chain linkage are coplanar. The primary acetate groups of the pyranose residues assume both gauche-trans conformations. The molecules of two polymorphs have pseudo-C symmetry at glycosidic O(1) atom. The bond lengths and angles are normal compared with those in other acetylated sugar compounds. The molecules in the monoclinic crystal are held by the hydrogen bonds with the water molecules and by van der Waals forces.


Chinas universities differ greatly from American universities in student management in terms of their historical development,theoretical basis,contents,organization,human arrangements,and systems.A comparison and analysis of these aspects will be helpful in promoting the work of student management in Chinas universities.


A new digital signature based method for image authentication and pixel-wise tamper localization is proposed. The proposed method is resistant to image content preserving enhancement operations such as blurring or sharpening. Authentication function is implemented separately from tamper localization both to increase processing speed and to disable algorithmic oracle attack. Ill. 7, bibl. 9 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).


This report is a design project about preventing fires in the home. The purpose was to try to invent a new product with a new take on trying to reduce the amount of fires in our homes. The method used is a traditional design methodology starting with a brief leading to a research phase, understanding and investigating phase then visualization and realization, ending up in a solution. The questions asked where if there was a need on the market for a new type of extinguisher, if a new technology could be implemented and who the product was for. A new technology in fire suppression agents was investigated and implemented by method known as adaptive innovation to develop a product using an already existing technology and making it more attractive to the consumer market The report shows, among other conclusions that there is a need for better and more intuitive solutions for preventing fires in the home environment. The use of the product Aero X is perceived to contribute to a lowering of the amount of fires due to accessibility and efficiency. (Less)


pages for the reader. I shall nol. attempt here to summarize these two introductory chapters. They are essential to the further reading of the book, if it is to bring about the kind of literary experience that then unfolds. Mr. Falk applies his method of analysis to three well-known novels, all three brief and so more easily manageable-Gide's La Symphonie pastorale, Camus' L'Etranger and Sartre's La Nausee. He uncovers in them three modes of thematic structure, major modes in his eyes. The efficacy of his method is quite clearly mirrored in the richness and accuracy of the characteristics uncovered and the consequent clarity thus thrown on 'the three texts. Yet one feels a little let down perhaps by the brief conclusion which seems in no way to encompass the richness of the anlysis that preceded it or to rise to the level of the opening pages. It is perhaps where formal criticism leaves off that more specula'Live or interpre· tative modes of approach should begin. However that may be, Mr. Falk's book is a most useful, careful and sensitive one, a model of its kind within the methodological limits it defines.


Objective:To investigate the expression of plasma lysophosphatidic acid in patient of ovarian cancer and some benign tumours of woman genital system.Methods:In 59 cases of Carcinoma of the ovary,the plasma concentration of LPA was measured.60 patients of myoma of uterus and 60 patients of benign tumour of ovary served as control group.The upper limitation in healthy is 3.0μmol/L.Results:The plasma concentration of LPA was significantly higher in the patients of ovarian cancer than some benign tumours of woman genital system.Conclusion:The plasma lysophosphatidic acid is biology marker of the ovarian cancer.


Abstract Spermatid differentiation and the morphology of mature spermatozoa in Nucella crassilabrum, a muricid snail, was investigated. Five phases of spermiogenesis considering the polarization of organelles, nuclear elongation and chromatin condensation are described. Characteristics observed are compared to those of other muricaceans gastropods. The comparison of the proportional size of the different sperm segments (head, middle- and principal piece) between these species, is emphasized. Two morphometric patterns of sperm structure are distinguished and their functional significance discussed. The relative size attained by the different sperm segments within each of these patterns, could be the result of the combined effect of at least two types of factors: first, those determining the proportional size (length) of the head and, secondly, those factors conditioning the energy requirements of the gamete thus influencing the relative development of the middle- and principal piece.


Empirical literature on civil war has demonstrated the benefits of using disaggregated data while exploring the influence of geography on intrastate conflicts. This paper goes further in exploring the border between political and geographical sciences by assessing the link between accessibility and the location of internal armed conflicts. Our work is aimed at finding whether poorly accessible parts of a country are more prone to civil war than any other part. To test this hypothesis, we deploy a three-step research design. First, regarding the pivotal role of the capital city previously demonstrated, we evaluate the importance of bringing a country's urban structure into analysis using Zipf's law as an indicator of urban hierarchy. Second, we model the influence of cities over space using a gravity model of spatial allocation. Finally, we use network analysis in order to assess the accessibility of cities by road and to evaluate whether this factor influences the location of civil conflicts. Our preliminary results suggest a link between multipolar urban hierarchies and separatism. This paper constitutes a good demonstration of how conflict studies can benefit from an interdisciplinary approach. Finally, this research highlights the conflict-resolution potential of a rather politically-insensitive issue such as spatial planning.


In amphipods, the majority of aggressive encounters occur during mating periods when mate selection and guarding takes place (Caine, 1991; Dick and Elwood, 1996; Lewbel, 1978; Lim and Alexander, 1986). There are many examples in the Crustacea of appendages modified for use as weapons for example the Chelae of the Decapoda are enlarged to varying degrees for use in threat display or combat and in the Stomatopoda, the second maxillipeds have been modified into raptorial appendages are used to strike prey. In the Amphipoda, the second gnathopod is enlarge and used in aggression and prey capture (Caine, 1991; Lewbel, 1978; Lim and Alexander 1986).


Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is considered to be an efficient solution for high voltage and high power applications, like for high voltage DC transmission (HVDC) system. This is due to their inherent modular structure, usage of low voltage power devices, inherent distributed energy storage capability for each cell unit and the absence of DC link capacitor. Due to their above-mentioned advantages they are considered to be a suitable candidate for medium voltage and medium power « 500 kW) application like for energy storage and DC microgrid applications as well. However, MMC has an inherent problem of cell capacitor voltage imbalance. To solve this issue a reduced switching loss-based cell capacitor voltage balancing strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy is based on the conventional sorting algorithm, which helps to reduce the switching losses considerably while maintaining the set capacitor voltage ripple. Detailed analytical analysis and simulation studies are carried out to show the efficacy of the proposed system for a 300 kVA system. Results show a considerable reduction in the total converter losses (40%) compared to the conventional scheme.


Compounds of the formula are disclosed. These compounds intervene in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin II by inhibiting renin and thus are useful as antihypertensive agents.


A scheme for fast kick estimation in managed pressure drilling is presented. The reservoir pressure and production index are estimated by utilizing information in a fast traveling shock wave induced by an unexpected rise in reservoir pressure. A least squares estimation problem is formulated from an early-lumping approach based on a reduced order drift-flux model. The Levenberg-Marquardt scheme is applied to solve the non-linear least-squares problem. The estimation scheme is tested with simulated top-side flow measurements from a two-phase drift flux model.


Women do worse than men after both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, with evidence that sex bias in physician decision-making may contribute to this increased morbidity and mortality.1 Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses additional challenges, as the etiologies—amyloid angiopathy associated with prior cognitive decline, illicit drug use—carry their own assumptions. Guha et al.2 report findings from the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study, a prospective, multicenter, triethnic, case-control study of ICH risk factors and outcomes. In almost 3,000 people, they examined comorbidities, treatments, and use of do not resuscitate (DNR) orders, comparing men vs women (n = 1,220). The outcome measure was aggressiveness of care, measured via use of surgical therapies for hematoma treatment and avoidance of DNR orders.


The present disclosure relates generally to therapeutic nanoparticles. Exemplary nanoparticles disclosed herein may include epothilones, such as epothilone B about 0.2 to about 20 wt%, from about 50 to about 99 weight percent biocompatible polymer.


Sensor networks consist of embedded devices deployed in different types of environments in order to sense its surroundings. Disaster management and rehabilitation is very important for all human beings. Environmental monitoring is the most important issue for everyday emergency situations and a significant driver for wireless sensor network research. Recent advances in electronics and communication technologies enable the devices to produce micro-sensors capable of performing a variety of different environmental applications. An implementation of a wireless sensor network test-bed is presented in this paper. This test-bed is a reactive network for environmental monitoring and evaluates the effectiveness of the network for data gathering using both laboratory and field tests. This sensor network test-bed monitors the environment: temperature and humidity in real-time. This paper deals with a test-bed that consists of a personal computer (PC) where an end-user can communicate with the sensor nodes through a base station (BS), which is implemented by combining HyBus kit (Hybus kit2420).


Erucastrum gallicum and Rorippa dubia, two new records in Brassicaceae for Ecuador. Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O. E. Schulz and Rorippa dubia (Pers.) H. Hara. are reported for first time to Ecuador. A brief description and a photograph of the specimens collected are provided.


Advanced English teaching is aimed at cultivating students' ability of analysis and appreciation of famous literary articles so as to raise their language skills and language competence.The teaching method to reform is based on the contextual analysis under practical linguistics theory and the research findings in stylistic study.Contextual analysis is the theoretical and practical study from structure,cohesion and coherence,while stylistic analysis is carried out from phonetics,lexis,and syntax.By using contextual and stylistic analyses,the class design is bettered,the teaching material is enriched and teaching result is maximized.


Green economic development is an inevitable trend of social progress. The target of "carbon neutrality" can't be achieved simply by conserving energy and reducing emissions, but needs to realize a higher-level development under the "low carbon" threshold. As the key and essence of national development, how to give a full play to the economic function and achieve green economic development is not only a realistic requirement of social high-quality development but also an indispensable important component of green economic development. This paper studied the concept of "carbon neutrality" and green economy, the necessity of green economic development, the merit of realizing green economic development under the background of "carbon neutrality", and the development path of green economy under the carbon neutrality target, in order to provide some reference for China's green economic development.


Abstract A new method for absolute measurement of the effective delayed neutron fraction βeff based on Rossi-α experiments and the two-region model was developed at the IPEN/MB-01 Research Reactor facility. In contrast with other techniques such as the slope method, the Nelson-number method, and the 252Cf-source method, the main advantage of this new methodology is to obtain the effective delayed neutron parameters in a purely experimental way, eliminating all parameters that are difficult to measure or calculate. In this way, Rossi-α experiments for validation of this method were performed at the IPEN/MB-01 facility, and with the use of the present approach, βeff was measured with a 1.46% uncertainty. In addition, the prompt neutron generation time λ and other parameters were also obtained in an absolute experimental way. In general, the final results agree well with values from frequency analysis experiments. Comparison of theory and experiment reveals that JENDL-3.3 shows deviation for βeff lower than 1%, which meets the desired accuracy for the theoretical determination of this parameter. This work supports the reduction of the 235U thermal yield, as proposed by Okajima and Sakurai.


Strong normative statements have been made in key policy documents and public inquiries about the need to focus on a principle of 'Shared Responsibility' in Australian emergency management. However, these statements give very little guidance on what sharing responsibility might look like on the ground, leaving stakeholders wondering what this idea mean for the way they interact and what they are expected to achieve in this sector. This paper analyses what the idea of 'sharing responsibility' means in the context of disaster resilience from the perspectives of stakeholders that participated in a workshop held in March 2012. The workshop brought together a wide range of stakeholders from across government, communities and NGOs, and research to discuss the idea and implications of 'sharing responsibility for disaster resilience'. Of six facets of responsibility highlighted in the literature that theorises responsibility in the context of risk, one stood out clearly in the stakeholders presentations at the workshop: agency/control. In particular, the need for public sector agencies to share control as well as responsibility with communities was emphasised


Surface‐barrier diodes have been formed by depositing vaporized metals onto chemically cleaned GaP. Detailed studies of diodes made with gold on p‐type GaP show that current flow is by the Schottky emission of hot holes from the gold over the barrier at the metal‐semiconductor interface. The barrier properties deduced from the current‐voltage properties were checked by capacitance‐voltage and photoresponse studies. With the junction biased in avalanche breakdown, electrons were emitted through the gold film into vacuum, and were studied as a function of junction bias, film thickness, and retarding potential. It was found that the distribution of hot electrons in GaP has a Maxwellian temperature of 0.8 V, and that the attenuation length for 4.7‐ to 9‐V electrons in gold is 130±40 A.


We know many children are using digital tools, such as mobile phones and tablets. Much has been debated about the appropriateness of these tools in the lives of young children (e.g., American Academy of Pediatrics, 2001, 2011; National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2012). Yet, parents are engaged in digital practices. Adults' beliefs about the appropriateness of digital media for children influence the environments they create for young children and potentially influence children's exposure to and interactions with digital tools. This paper describes the digital literacy practices of three families and reports on the tensions mothers felt in whether to allow their children to participate in these practices.


Any method of dimensioning and tolerancing is designed to assure that parts manufactured to the stated dimensions and within the stated tolerances will assemble to mating parts and result in a final assembly that satisfies some desired requirement. To accomplish this, dimensions must be described in a way that reflects the functionality of the part and eliminates any confusion as to what and where to measure. Proper tolerance analysis should then guarantee with a reasonable certainty that a measurement for a given dimension that is within the stated tolerance should result in a suitable assembly. Only when this is accomplished can a measurement be useful as an assessment of the suitability of a part. If this is not the goal of dimensioning and tolerancing, then any measurements taken will be a waste of effort.


We introduce the concept of Random Multi-Overlap Structure (RaMOSt) as a generalization of the one introduced by M. Aizenman et al. for non-diluted spin glasses. We use this concept to find generalized bounds for the free energy of the Viana-Bray model of diluted spin glasses and to formulate and prove the Extended Variational Principle that implicitly provides the free energy of the model. Then we exhibit a theorem for the limiting RaMOSt, analogous to the one found by F. Guerra for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, that describes some stability properties of the model. We also show how our technique can be used to prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy.
We then propose an ultrametric breaking of replica symmetry for diluted spin glasses in the framework of Random Multi-Overlap Structures (RaMOSt). Such a proposal is closer to the Parisi theory for non-diluted spin glasses than the theory based on the iterative approach. Our approach allows to formulate an ansatz in which the Broken Replica Symmetry trial function depends on a set of numbers, over which one has to take the infimum (as opposed to a nested chain of probabilty distributions). Our scheme suggests that the order parameter is determined by the probability distribution of the multi-overlap in a similar sense as in the non-diluted case, and it is not necessarily a functional. Such results are then extended to the K-SAT and p-XOR-SAT optimization problems, and to the spherical mean field spin glass. The ultrametric structure exhibits a factorization property similar to the one of the optimal structures for the Viana-Bray model.
The present work paves the way to a revisited Parisi theory for diluted spin systems. Moreover, it emphasizes some structural analogies among different models, which also seem to be plausible for models that still escape good mathematical control. This structural analysis seems quite promising both mathematically and physically.


Introduction Ordering 3D configurations of curves of increasing complexity Configurations of curves in 3D of increasing complexity Configurations in 3D: -single continuous curves (Group I) -interlocking disjoint curves (Group II) -animations offering a 3D perspective (Group III) -fractional rotation of continuous curves with indication of increased spread (Group IV) -animation of curves with indication of increased spread (Group V) -animations of toroidal curves with indication of increased spread (Group VI) Interpretation of knot language? Psychosocial implications of configurations of curves? Static description of cycles versus the dynamics of Cyclic experience Implicit coherence speculatively explored? Relative interestingness and boringness of forms of coherence Sustainable dynamics "re-cognized" as knots? Articulation and complexification of cycles of sustainability Musical comprehension of unity versus diversity using four geometric parameters? Imagined potential of circular forms as a pattern language References


Direct measurement data show close correlation between the turn-on of a parasitic source-body-drain bipolar transistor and the single-transistor latch in SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFETs. Interface state density generation and hot hole trapping in the gate oxide have been observed for SOI MOSFETs biased in this latch regime. Furthermore, experimental and simulation results show that SOI MOSFETs in the latch state are more immune to hot-carrier stresses than in the nonlatch state. The activation of a parasitic bipolar transistor is shown to induce the single-transistor latch and cause the degradation in SOI MOSFETs. However, the higher floating-body potential in SOI MOSFETs tends to make them less vulnerable to hot-carrier stress.<<ETX>>


SIEGMUND KREUZFUCHS (Ifien. klin. Woch., No. 11, 1912) discusses the Roentgen-ray investigation of duodenal ulcer, and states that by this method a series of facts have been disclosed of interest not onily from the theoretical standpoinit but also frolli that of treatment. An increased motor activity of the stomnach has been uniformly observed. Hertz considers the most frequent cause of hypertonus of


The occurrence of faults within microelectronic systems concern an increasing number of application fields. A possible way to build reliable systems is make them fault tolerant by the adoption of redundancies. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a fault tolerant microcontroller device using hardware redundancy of a multiprocessor. This system is FPGA based and parametrized, and can be configured to operate both as a multiprocessor or a single redundant processor, with three processors working in TMR and some spare processors. The indicated recovery procedure allows to rapidly correct transient faults, but also to replace the damaged processors after a permanent fault. The complete system employs three redundant processors on distinct boards, that are used in conjunction so as to have a further TMR level. In this way we obtain a module that is capable to solve all of the system faults, both at processor or boards levels. The programmable system is capable of masking faults, correcting errors, and also showing the possible gradual system degradation due to permanent faults.


Reservoir static modelling plays a fundamental role in the evaluation phase of a petroleum field. Integrated modelling allows a better understanding of how the local geology and depositional systems are related through the distribution of facies and petrophysical properties within the reservoir. In this study, geological static models of the siliciclastic Carapebus Formation of Campos Basin were built using subsurface data. The applied methodology was divided into five phases: (1) establishment of a conceptual model, (2) building of a structural model, (3) generation of 100 realizations of lithofacies using sequential indicator simulation, (4) generation of 100 realizations of porosity and permeability using sequential Gaussian simulation, and (5) validation of models by targeting both statistical and geological consistency. The obtained models are consistent and honor the conditioning data. A lithofacies constraint is crucial to better characterize the petrophysical properties distribution of the reservoir. A Dykstra-Parsons coefficient of V=0.52 characterizes this reservoir as moderately homogeneous.


Traditional rice beer is an indispensable part of tribal people's life, it attached economically, culturally, and spiritually with them. The excessive consumption of alcohol may lead to fatal accidents, crime of violence, antisocial activity and in some cases death also. The present study aimed to qualify and quantify alcohol from home-made rice beer of three different district (West Tripura, South Tripura and Sepahijala) of Tripura by using Headspace Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (HS-GC-FID). Analysis was performed on 3 distinct samples of each district. The amount of ethanol present in sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3 is respectively 0.0769%, 0.1006% and 0.1057%. No evidence for presence of methanol indicates that the sample is free from adulterants like methanol.


Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph; A Biography. By Jan Swafford. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014. [xxi, 1077 p. ISBN 9780618054749. $40.] Music examples, illustrations, appendix, bibliography, index.Beethoven was a man of contradictions. Generous to a fault, he was often petty and could be duplicitous in his business affairs. He cared deeply for his nephew Karl but often treated him miserably. He made supreme declarations of faith in his music but disdained church dogma. He devoted himself to women he could not attain and, most heartrendingly of all, to an art that for much of his adulthood, he was unable to experience.These contradictions come to the fore in Jan Swafford's Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph, a vivid and sympathetic portrayal of Beethoven's life and music. His biography joins an impressive corpus of Englishlanguage biographies that includes those by Maynard Solomon (1977, 1998), William Kinderman (1995, 2009), David Wyn Jones (1998), Lewis Lockwood (2003), and Barry Cooper (2008), among others. It draws on several of these, but distinguishes itself in its more comprehensive scope and overall tone, geared more for music lovers than for scholars or performers. This is not to say that the book lacks scholarly rigor, only that much of the nitty-gritty-both biographical and musical-is relegated to the copious endnotes section, and that the ebb and flow of the text is considerably more narrative compared to these earlier biographies.Written, according to the author, in the spirit of Alexander Wheelock Thayer's magisterial Life of Ludwig van Beethoven (the Victorian-era biography that, in its most recent edition by Elliot Forbes, remains unsurpassed for richness of detail and documentary rigor), Swafford's book aims to present an unbiased view of its subject that prefers "objective fact" to "interpretation" (p. xv). Elusive though this goal may be, the book deftly navigates Beethoven's family history, political environment, and professional life to create a rich portrait of an individual whose reality has often been obscured by his legacy. Swafford's handling of Beethoven's Bonn years is especially effective and sets the tone for the biography. Rather than a mere prelude to the more musically interesting Vienna years, the Bonn chapters serve to establish Beethoven's lifelong investment in the ideals of the German Aufklarung, ideals that-as Swafford details-stayed with Beethoven throughout his career and marked him as an Enlightenment thinker in an increasingly romantic and politically repressive world.The importance of Beethoven's Bildung is echoed in Swafford's conception of his music. Beethoven was not so much a revolutionary as a "radical evolutionary" who "based much of what he did on tradition, models, and authorities" without ever intending "to overthrow the past" (p. 365). Swafford supports this notion through clear and at times extensive analyses of individual works that occasionally make reference to Bach, Haydn, Mozart, and others (although, as he admits in the introduction, he does not "play the influences game as much as many writers do" [p. xvii]). A noted composer in his own right, Swafford brings his professional expertise to bear on his analyses, several of which proceed from a composer's-eye perspective. The lengthy analysis of the "Eroica" (chapter 17), for instance, shifts into present tense, makes frequent reference to the sketches, and involves a bit of creative speculation about Beethoven's compositional process. Purists may balk at the somewhat florid literary style of these passages, but they are arguably effective in simulating the creative moment for the reader.Swafford treats the complexities of Beethoven's life with the sure hand of an experienced biographer (his previous writings include biographies of Ives and Brahms). To give just one example, in light of the seemingly endless debates about the identity of the Immortal Beloved, it is refreshing to read his nonpartisan take on the matter: "My treatment of the Immortal Beloved mystery in this chapter gives an overview of the various theories [mainly those concerning Josephine Deym, Antonie Brentano, and Bettina Brentano], all of which amount to many pages of reasoning and speculation teetering on a handful of provable facts-some of those facts certainly tantalizing. …


Firm value in the manufacturing industry for the 2013-2018 period shows the average value of fluctuations as a result of stock price uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to investigate that firm value during the study period fluctuated, so that researchers were motivated to conduct studies on these various issues. The variables used to detect the firm value are free cash flow and interest rates. This study also examines the role of dividend policy and managerial ownership in moderating the effect of free cash flow, interest rates on firm value. The companies studied are manufacturing industries listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013 – 2018. This research method is explanatory research. Samples were taken based on purposive sampling from the manufacturing industry population that met the sample criteria. This study concludes that interest rates have a significant positive effect on firm value and managerial ownership moderates positively significantly on the relationship between interest rates and firm value. Free cash flow has the potential to cause company failure, causing a decrease in firm value. Managerial ownership moderates the relationship between free cash flow and firm value in a significant positive manner, while dividend policy moderates negatively and insignificantly on the relationship between free cash flow and firm value.


The reionization epoch concludes when ionizing photons reach every corner of the universe. Reionization has generally been assumed to be limited primarily by the rate at which galaxies produce ionizing photons, but the recent measurement of a surprisingly short ionizing photon mean free path of 0.75−0.45+0.65 proper Mpc at z = 6 by Becker et al. suggests that absorption by residual neutral hydrogen in the otherwise ionized intergalactic medium may play a much larger role than previously expected. Here we show that consistency between this short mean free path and the coeval dark pixel fraction in the Lyα forest requires a cumulative output of 6.1−2.4+11 ionizing photons per baryon by reionization's end, well above the typically required ∼1–3. This represents a dramatic increase in the ionizing photon budget over previous estimates, greatly exacerbating the tension with measurements of the ionizing output from galaxies at later times. Translating this constraint into the instantaneous ionizing production from galaxies in our model, we find log10fescξion/(erg/Hz)−1=25.02−0.21+0.45 at z ∼ 6. Even with optimistic assumptions about the ionizing production efficiency of early stellar populations, and assuming the galaxy luminosity function extends to extremely faint sources (M UV ≤ − 11), complete reionization requires the escape fraction of ionizing photons to exceed 20% across the galaxy population. This is far larger than observed in any galaxy population at lower redshifts, requiring rapid evolution in galaxy properties after the first billion years of cosmic time. This tension cannot be completely relieved within existing observational constraints on the hydrogen neutral fraction and mean free path.


A position information management system in which a portable remote terminal (11) includes a plurality of kinds of positioning means (12,13,23,24,33) for positioning based on a GPS, positioning based on a portable-telephone or PHS base station, positioning based on a radio marker, and independent positioning based on a direction detector, one of which is used so that the holder of the portable remote terminal can navigate anywhere. The holder of the portable remote terminal can know the position of a third party similarly holding such a portable remote terminal, by inquiring of a central system (10), and he/she can supervise, for example, activities of an old person, a child, or a skier in a skiing area. Further, only the map data of a district which is often used by the holder is stored in the portable remote terminal. In this regard, when the holder is in a district not contained within the retained map data, he/she downloads corresponding map data from the central system and uses the downloaded map data.


Abstract : NATO is not "sui generis." Its roots trace to an informal Western alliance that dates from the early 19OOs. The geographic, politi- cal, economic, cultural, and ethnic ties that bind the countries of the northern Atlantic are ineluctable. Accordingly, the Alliance is unlikely to disappear or disintegrate. Part I of this study analyses the historic antecedents of NATO. Part II postulates four possible military threats that confront the Alliance in Europe today: a surprise attack; a pre-emptive non-surprise attack; a full-mobilization offensive; and a limited attack against an isolated NATO component.


The precessional magnetization dynamics of high quality epitaxial magnetite (Fe3O4) thin films growth on MgO are investigated by inductive magnetization dynamic measurements in time and frequency domain. An upper bound for the intrinsic Gilbert damping parameter of α0=0.037±0.001 is derived, which is significantly lower than previously reported for epitaxial Fe3O4 on GaAs. With increasing film thickness from 5 up to 100 nm a strong increase in the effective damping up to 0.2 is observed which cannot be explained by simple nonuniform spin wave excitations. Possible origins of this effect are discussed.


This article deals with the implementation of a CMOS Ring Oscillator (RO) depending on the performance parameters. The method applied here is the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). The RO circuit consists of nine stages of inverters. The RO circuit is implemented in Cadence Virtuoso using the gpdk090 library. The MOGA-based optimal design of RO oscillates at 2.002 GHz frequency, the phase noise of –85.15 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset while consuming 66 µW power.


Extrinsic dislocations result of two types of interactions between the matrix dislocations and the grain boundaries: crossing through the boundary, dissociation in the boundary. Their study rests on the geometrical approach of Bollmann which provides their Burgers vectors, either the crystal ones or those of the DSC lattice. These dislocations usually have a sessile component in the grain boundary plane.By thermal activation, dissociation of the extrinsic dislocations can occur, giving rise in the case of the general boundaries to a Spreading of the dislocations. The dissociation products can move, interact, annihilate and, finally, incorporate the intrinsic network. All these processes constitute the accommodation of the extrinsic dislocations in the grain boundary.The kinetic of the accommodation processes are most probably governed by the intergranular diffusion. It is highly likely that segregated species must influence the extrinsic dislocations reactions. The purpose of this work is to analyze the conditions of stability of extrinsic dislocations after recrystallization in various ferritic alloys.Our results point out two conditions of stability of extrinsic dislocations: fistly, the necessity of a "cosegregation" of elements having a strong affinity for carbon as it is the case for chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, secondly a minimum level of segregated species which depends on the "special" or "general" character of the boundary. The precipitation which can occur on the dislocations lines decreases the quantity of intergranular segregated elements and involves a destabilization of the extrinsic dislocations.The accommodation possibilities of extrinsic dislocations have important consequences on the mechanical properties of the grain boundaries, their creep and migration behaviors. When these processes are impeded, the extrinsic dislocations maintain an important elastic stress field and the grain boundary may be considered as a strong one; on the contrary, when the accommodation takes place, the matrix dislocations may continuously incorporate the grain boundary which are a ductile one. Finally, at the end of the accommodation, the strains are very localyzed in the grain boundary core (< 5 A), we get an equilibrated boundary. There is a relation between the microstructure of the material and the presence or the lack of linear defects in the grain boundaries structures.


The survey of turf index and synthesis assessments of turf value of 5 cool season turfgrass F.arundinaces Schreb.,F.rubra L.,P.pratensis L.,L.perene L.and A.stolonifera L.are carried out.The result shows that P.pratensis L.and A.stolonifera L .can be used for ornamental turf,F.arundinaces Schreb.is suitable for sport ground and playing turf,while L.perene L.is appropriated for soil and water conservation lawn.


Federal states in which component regions are invested with distinct ethnic content are more likely to collapse when they contain a core ethnic region, a single ethnic region enjoying pronounced superiority in population. Dividing a dominant group into multiple federal regions reduces these dangers. A study of world cases finds that all ethnofederal states that have collapsed have possessed core ethnic regions. Thus, ethnofederalism, so long as it is instituted without a core ethnic region, may represent a viable way of avoiding the most deadly forms of conflict while maintaining state unity in ethnically divided countries.


We analyze the probabilities of large infrequent fluctuations in nonadiabatically driven systems. In a broad range of the driving field magnitudes, the logarithm of the fluctuation probability is linear in the field, and the response can be characterized by a logarithmic susceptibility (LS). We evaluate the activation energies for nucleation, with account taken of the field-induced lifting of time and spatial degeneracy of instantonlike nucleation trajectories. LS for nucleation in systems with nonconserved order parameter is shown to be a nonmonotonic function of v and k. [S0031-9007(97)04328-7]


Fig 1 shows the variation of R1 with p, where R1 is defined by the ratio of – p ln(p) to 2p. If Eqn 2 is a good approximation, R1 should be close to 1.0 for small values of p. As indicated in Fig 1, the percentage error for the approximation of Eqn 2 is very significant. For p < 0.05, the percentage error is higher than 50%. When developing the approximation of Eqn 2, the authors used the argument that –p ln(p) and 2p would both approach zero when p was small. It is not a sound argument because one can equally argue on the same basis that – p ln(p) can be approximated by 3p. In fact, 3p does offer a better approximation for p < 0.05.