The advance of processing technology has led to a rapid increase in IC design complexity. There are now more than thousand million transistors integrated on a chip, and the increasing trend is expected to continue until 2020 or later. This creates the design productivity gap between IC design (typically 20% per year) and IC manufacturing (over 40% per year), and this gap is becoming wider and wider. To close this gap, IP (intellectual property) reuse emerged as the most significant design technology innovation in the past decades. IP companies, third-party libraries, and industry organizations such as the VSIA (Virtual Socket Interface Alliance) have created high expectations for the value and reusability of design IP.


The presence of dedolomite has only been noted in the backreef setting of the Permian Reef Complex in one previous study. This study closely examines dedolomite in the Tansill Formation in Dark Canyon, New Mexico petrographically, elementally, and isotopically along with other diagenetic cements and replacement phases found in this environment. The focus of this project was to petrographically examine the diagenetic events in the near backreef facies (the Tansill and Yates Formations) of the Permian Reef Complex in research cores from Dark Canyon in order to better understand how dedolomitization fits into the paragenetic sequence and its implications for the diagenetic history of the reef complex. This, coupled with elemental and isotopic analyses, as well as data from previous studies, helped to gain insight into the diagenetic environments in which these events took place. Aragonite and early calcite cements, evaporite precipitation/growth, and early dolomitization occurred at the surface during deposition of the reef and backreef facies. The higher iron content (2674.35 ppm) and finely-crystalline nature of the early stage dolomite relative to the later dolomite indicate that it is a protodolomite that formed on the surface. Later dolomitization was due to dense brines percolating through the subsurface via fractures and pore spaces. This later dolomite could have occurred during burial as opposed to in a marine setting judging by their more euhedral and clearer crystalline character based on observations from previous studies. Evaporite dissolution coupled with calcium-rich fluids were probably responsible for dedolomitization as well as the late, coarsely crystalline calcite precipitation. The dedolomite was likely a direct replacement of the euhedral dolomite with calcite, which still retains the original dolomitic rhomb morphology. Isotopic values for the dedolomite range from -5.07‰ to 4.03‰ δO and 0.61‰ to 2.14‰ δC (VPDB). These values differ from the bulk of previously analyzed calcite (which ranges from about -20‰ to -4‰ δO and -14‰ to 2‰ δC (VPDB)) and the dolomite both from this study and previous analyses (-3‰ to 6‰ O and -2‰ to 7‰ δC (VPDB)). These values correspond with fracture related dolomite from previous studies.


A new study indicates that aerobic exercise can lessen – or worsen – the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, depending on the circumstances under which the exercise is undertaken. The researchers found that, in contrast to their sedentary peers, mice allowed to run freely on an exercise wheel for six weeks had fewer symptoms of colitis after exposure to a chemical agent that induces colitis symptoms in mice. However, mice forced to run at a moderate pace on a treadmill a few times per week for six weeks had more colitis symptoms and higher mortality after exposure to the agent than sedentary mice, the researchers found. These seemingly contradictory findings add to a growing body of research into the role of exercise and stress in reducing or increasing the severity of a host of inflammatory states, including those associated with Alzheimer's disease and infection with the influenza virus. "We are building a strong case to investigate how exercise affects gut immune function in humans and why exercise may beneficially affect disease activity in ulcerative colitis patients, as a few preliminary studies have indicated," said U. of I. graduate student Marc Cook, who led the research with U. of I. kinesiology and community health professor Jeffrey Woods. "Our exciting new data give us some potential causes of these benefits that need to be tested in people, which is our ultimate goal." The scientists, whose work is reported Reducing symptoms U. of I. graduate student Marc Cook, left, kinesiology and community health professor Jeffrey Woods and their colleagues found that voluntary exercise on an exercise wheel reduced colitis symptoms and pro-inflammatory gene expression in a mouse model of colitis. Forced (moderate) running on a treadmill had the opposite effect. photo by L. Brian Stauffer


Internal damage, for example the internal damage due to material creep to a method of inspecting a microstructure of a welded joint (10, 12, 14), generating at least one ultrasonic surface wave by the first inspection head (30) and, at least one of the ultrasonic surface waves received by the second inspection head (32, 42), the microstructure based on a relationship between the received and the generated ultrasonic surface waves ultrasonic surface waves the acoustic characteristics to determine the, and to determine the degree of damage of the internal structure based on acoustic properties determined.


The nuclei 220,222Rn have been studied, using the alpha -radioactive sources 226Ra and 228Th, via the technique of alpha - gamma angular correlation. This has enabled Jpi assignments to be made to the previously known low-lying levels in 220,222Rn and alpha hindrance factors to be interpreted. The systematics of alpha hindrance factors for these Z=86 nuclei are examined and compared with those of Z=88, 90 nuclei. The subsequent alpha decays to 216,218Po were observed and 2+ assignments confirmed for the first excited states in these nuclei.


To the Editor: We read with great interest the review article on Asociaci on de Hemato-Oncologı́a Pediátrica de Centro América (AHOPCA): A Model for Sustainable Development in Pediatric Oncology recently published in PBC [1]. In our opinion the conclusion that "Expansion of flow cytometry in the region, with a facility in Nicaragua supported by Monza and soon to be available for Costa Rica," is not supported by available information. One of our laboratory's twinning programs began in 1993 with a two-year training at the Flow Cytometry Department at Salamanca's University in Spain. That permitted in 1995, to start Flow Cytometry at Hospital Nacional de Ni~nos (HNN) Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera in San José, Costa Rica. Since then, it has been used routinely as an important diagnostic and follow up tool at the Hemato-oncology department. In 2011, another specialist incorporated in our laboratory after 3-year training in Salamanca, and oneyear training in EuroFlow protocols at the Lisboan Institute of Oncology in Portugal. CostaRica has been part ofAHOPCAsince it's foundation in 1998. As a result, most of us have participated through the International Outreach Program (IOP) at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH), in different training programs including Flow Cytometry. In 2002, we were asked to collaborate by using the same protocols used at that time at SJCRH by Dario Campana and Elaine CoustanSmith, for Minimal Residual Disease (MRD). Not only Flow cytometry have been used for 19 years for patients at HNN, but our laboratory has been functioning as a reference laboratory for Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS) a Governmental Institution in charge of Public Health in Costa Rica [2], and also we have been collaborating for specific AHOPCA cases. During almost two decades we have had the honor to trained colleges from Guatemala, Honduras, Venezuela, Panamá, and Perú. During the last AHOPCA meeting held in Costa Rica, it was proposed by Giuseppe Masera and Andrea Biondi, that our laboratory should served as a support training center in Flow Cytometry for other Central American' fellows. It is important to notice, that at the beginning of this year, our laboratory implemented Euroflow (ALL cytometry) protocols, as our commitment for continuous improvement. In the same spirit of collegiality and equity, and adhering to the principles of clarity and transparency, we believe this important information should be known by the scientific community and AHOCPA members.


A (AMN) is one of the most frequent phenotypes of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and its adult variant. Adrenomyeloneuropathy is an X-linked disease, in which there is a deficiency of lignoceryl-CoA ligase, a peroxisomal enzyme, needed for the degradation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA).1 The combined incidence of AMN and Addison's disease, with or without neurological signs, was estimated to be around 1-1.6 per 100,000 population. The disease is caused by a genetic abnormality at the ALD gene, mapped to Xq28. The findings of normal adrenal function in patients with a splice site mutation of the ALD gene, suggest that, besides ALD gene mutation and the increase in VLCFA, additional factors could be responsible for development of endocrinological symptoms in X-linked ALD. Hereditary factors other than the ALD gene, influence the endocrinological phenotype, more than the neurological phenotype. The resultant biochemical defect involves deficiency of a membrane transport protein thought to be responsible for the import of the VLCFA CoA synthetase, into the peroxisome, leading to accumulation of VLCFA particularly C24 and C26, in tissues and body fluids.2 This is responsible for the demyelination of white matter of the spinal cord, causing myelopathy, spasticity, as well as primary demyelination or axonal degeneration causing peripheral neuropathy. A 24-year-old Indian male, an electrical engineer, developed insidious onset of lower limb weakness with mild spasticity, of 2 weeks duration. He also reported, a 10-month history of loss of appetite and taste for food, craving for salt, progressive lethargy, and easy fatigability. Two weeks prior to admission, he noticed mild weakness, heaviness, and stiffness of both lower limbs. He had normal early developmental history, good secondary school education, attended engineering college, and successfully graduated as an engineer. He did not smoke with no history of drug abuse or risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). On physical examination, his blood pressure was 140/90 on lying, and 100/70 on standing position. He has generalized hyper pigmentation of the skin, tongue, mucous membrane of the oral cavity, nipples, and hands. Neurological examination revealed normal fundi, with intact cranial nerves. He has mild symmetrical weakness of upper limbs, with motor power of 4+/5, lower limbs power of 4/5. His deep tendon reflexes were very brisk, with mild spasticity, bilateral ankle clonus and extensor plantar response. There were no sensory or cerebellar deficits. He had spastic gait. Biochemical panel was as follows: serum sodium was 115-130 mmol/L, potassium was 5.62-6.1 mmol/L, and other biochemical parameters were normal. Blood venereal disease research laboratory test, and treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay tests were normal. Anti-human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 screening tests were negative. Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were normal. The above history, physical findings, and lab results were highly suggestive of the diagnosis of Addison's disease. Computerized tomography scan of abdomen showed the usual shaped adrenal glands, with mild atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord were normal. Cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid study was also normal. Nerve conduction velocity study, showed prolongation of the distal latencies and F-waves, motor nerve conduction velocities of examined nerves were low, revealing mild degree of motor and sensory neuropathy. Brain-stem auditory evoked potential study revealed slowing of conduction in the brainstem auditory pathway. An endocrinologist was consulted for further work up to confirm the diagnosis. Basal serum cortisol level at 8 am: 140 nmol/L (reference range: 171-536) and at 8 pm: 138 nmol/L (reference range: 64-340), serum renin activity at rest: 38 mIU (reference range: 5-47), serum testosterone level: 18.2 nmol/L (reference range: 9.9-27.8), serum aldosterone level: 210 pmol/L (reference range: 0-444), serum basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): 21 pmol/L (normal <11 pmol/L), ACTH challenge test: no rise in serum cortisol level after injection of ACTH. Injection of ACTH (Synacthen) 0.25mg IV given as bolus, and serum cortisol levels were measured by immunoradiometric assay in the next 30 minutes and 60 minutes: no rise of serum cortisol level after 30 minutes, consistent with the diagnosis. Serum cortisol level after 30 minutes: 161 nmol/L (normal >193nmol/L), and after 60 minutes 148 nmol/L (normal >497 nmol/L). Very long chain fatty acids, particularly C24 and C26 are elevated (Table 1). The findings were consistent with the diagnosis of AMN with Addison's disease. Brief Communication


One-Shot Learning with Bayesian Networks Andrew L. Maas (firstname.lastname@example.com) Computer Science Department & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University Charles Kemp (email@example.com) Department of Psychology & Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition Carnegie Mellon University (b) (a) Abstract Nationality British British Brazilian Brazilian Spanish Spanish Randerian Randerian Humans often make accurate inferences given a single exposure to a novel situation. Some of these inferences can be achieved by discovering and using near-deterministic relationships between attributes. Approaches based on Bayesian networks are good at discovering and using soft probabilistic relationships between attributes, but typically fail to identify and exploit near-deterministic relationships. Here we develop a Bayesian network approach that overcomes this limitation by learning a hyperparameter for each distribution in the network that specifies whether it is non-deterministic or near-deterministic. We apply our approach to one-shot learning problems based on a real-world database of immigration records, and show that it outperforms a more standard Bayesian network approach. Language English English Portuguese Portuguese Spanish Basque Randerian Hair Red Brown Blonde Brown Brown Black Blonde Language Randerian English Hair Color Blonde Brown Figure 1: Randeria one-shot learning problem. (a) Af- ter meeting people from several different countries, you might discover that people from the same country tend to speak the same language. (b) Discovering the pattern in (a) supports one-shot learning about people from a new country. After observing a single Randerian, you might have strong expectations about the language spo- ken by a subsequent Randerian, but weak expectations about her hair color. Keywords: Machine Learning; One-Shot Learning; Concepts and Categories; Bayesian Modeling Introduction Humans are able to discover and exploit relationships between attributes (e.g. nationality and language) and between attribute values (e.g. Brazilian and Portuguese) (Davies & Russell, 1987). Some relationships are near- deterministic, including the relationship between birth country and native language. We know, for example, that two individuals born in the same country are very likely to have the same mother tongue, and we know in particular that individuals born in Brazil are very likely to speak Portuguese. Other relationships are probabilis- tic, including the relationship between hair color and eye color. We know that these attributes tend to be related, and we know about specific relationships between values of these attributes (blondes often have blue eyes). Suppose, for example, that after meeting several peo- ple from various countries, you meet a single person from Randeria, a country that is completely new to you. You observe that the person has blonde hair and speaks Ran- derian. Based on this single example, you may be very confident that the next Randerian you meet will speak the same language, but less confident that this second Randerian will also have blonde hair. Figure 1(a) shows a schematic representation of the observed data, and Figure 1(b) shows conditional distributions that capture our expectations about the language and hair color of the second Randerian. The Randeria problem just in- troduced is a special case of the more general problem of one-shot learning (Fei-Fei, Fergus, & Perona, 2003). Here we describe and evaluate a probabilistic model that can handle one-shot learning problems similar to the Randeria problem. One-shot learning has been previously considered in the psychological literature. One prominent line of work has focused on "fast mapping" in word learning (Carey & Bartlett, 1978; Smith, Jones, Landau, Gershkoff-Stowe, & Samuelson, 2002). Empirical studies of word learn- ing have documented that children are able to learn the meaning of some new words given a single training exam- ple and researchers have developed formal models (Col- unga & Smith, 2005; Kemp, Perfors, & Tenenbaum, 2007) that help to explain this ability. Our approach grows out of this literature, and the work we describe builds on the hierarchical Bayesian model presented by Kemp et al. (2007). Hierarchical Bayesian models (Gel- man, Carlin, Stern, & Rubin, 2003) can include rep- resentations at multiple levels of abstraction, and help to explain how humans acquire abstract knowledge that supports rapid or one-shot learning given exposure to a novel situation. Our hierarchical Bayesian approach is built on top of a standard method for learning Bayesian networks, also


One thing I am clear about is that since I realized, at the age of 13 or 14, that something is not quite right with being a woman, I had a change of conscience. That was when I discovered that there were injustices done towards women. Why didn't anyone ask me if I wanted to be married at that age? Many things that happened to me that seemed unjust happened to me because of the fact that I happened to be born a woman. And I started to be aware that changing one's consciousness meant an important step for indigenous women themselves. To change one's consciousness is not easy, nor is it something that happens all the time-it is achieved little by little. At the


The undisolvable Bombyx mori silk fibroin film was prepared from the regenerated silk fibroin solution followed with the 60%(volume fraction) ethanol aqueous solution treatment.The silk fibroin film was grafted with Cecropin B peptide via the carbodiimide chemistry.The secondary structure,the film surface properties and the bacteriostatic activity of the obtained silk fibroin film were analyzed with FTIR,SEM,EDS and the antibacterial tests.The results show that the Cecropin B peptide is covalently grafted onto the surface of silk fibroin film,which is undisolvable and has an effective and permanent bacteriostatic activity.


Background: Factors related to the completeness of baby basic immunization are knowledge, motives, experience, employment, family support, environmental facilities, attitudes, health workers, income, parents who forget the immunization schedule and education as well. The importance of baby basic immunization and that parents easily forget the immunization schedule make the writer interested in the innovation of immunization calendar. Objective: To use the immunization calendar in baby immunization activity for knowing the mother's knowledge level before and after being given health education about immunization, and knowing the obedience of mother's visit according to immunization schedule. Method: This study is an analytical descriptive with case study approach (case study). Result: After being given the immunization calendar, all participants (mothers) become obedient to immunize their babies (infants) according to the schedule. This was on 11 May 2017 when they took their infants for DPT 1 and Polio 2 immunization. Conclusion: The use of immunization calendar is effective in immunization activity to make the mothers obedient to follow the immunization schedule


Effective decoding technique A packet sent by the H-ARQ is described. Packet decoding for H-ARQ can be performed based on the local search around the initiation (SOP) determining packet for a packet. The SOP decision for the packet is performed based on traffic detection result for the received transmission. At least one SOP hypothesis may be determined for the packet based on the SOP decision. The transmission the received may be decoded based on the at least one SOP hypothesis. Sliding SOP window may keep track of SOP assumptions about the packet. The sliding window is initialized in the earliest received transmission, not detected packet data that are not detected, is moved to follow the front of the transmission are each received thereby, the detected traffic transmission the First reception It may be maintained in. .The 13


Objective To investigate the relationship between leptin receptor(LEPR) gene Gln223Arg polymorphism,body composition,and bone mineral density(BMD) in adolescent girls in Beijing.Methods Sixty girls from a dancing school and 77 girls from a vocational high school,at the age of 15-17 years,were randomly selected for this study.Information on daily energy and nutrient intakes was collected using 7-day 24-hour food records.Physical activity level was assessed with "one-year physical activity questionnaires".Serum leptin and estrogen levels,bone mass,body mineral density(BMD),and body composition were all measured.The LEPR gene Gln223Arg polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism).Results No significant relationship was found between the Gln223Arg polymorphism and body composition.After adjusting for age,BMI,physical activity level,leptin and estradiol level,dancers carrying the Gln223 allele had a significantly lower forearm BMD(P0.05),and all the Gln carrier showed non-significant trend toward lower BMD at all measured sites than those carrying the Arg223 homozygote.Conclusion Leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism might be one of the genetic determinants of BMD and the gain of peak bone mass in adolescent girls,yet this effect might not attributed to BMI or body composition.Further study in more students is needed to replicate these data and to clarify the mechanisms involved.


This paper proposes Recryptor, an energy efficient and compact ARM Cortex-M0 based reconfigurable cryptographic processor using in-memory computing. Recryptor is capable of accelerating a wide range of cryptography algorithms and standards, including public/private key cryptography and hash functions, by augmenting the memory of a commercial general purpose IoT processor resulting in a highly compact implementation. The wide bit-width of memory is ideally suited for high bitwidth (64 – 512b) arithmetic operations common in cryptographic functions. Recryptor (28.8 MHz at 0.7 V) achieves 6.8× average speedup and 12.8× average energy improvements over state-of-the-art software and hardware-accelerated implementations with only 0.128 mm2 area overhead in 40nm CMOS. Introduction Security is of utmost concern for Internet of Things (IoT) applications due to the potential pervasiveness of IoT devices. Different applications have different security demands, security algorithms and standards evolve over time, and limited computational resources on IoT platforms drive the need for a flexible and programmable cryptographic processor. Embedded processors tend to have 32-bit datapaths for energy/area reasons, but cryptographic functions can typically be made much more efficient with dedicated hardware support for high bit-width datapaths (64 – 512b). Previous work using ASICs achieve high throughput but are inherently inflexible [1], while cryptographic coprocessors typically have high area and power overhead since they implement an entire processor with fetch, decode, register file and local memory [2,6]. In this paper, we propose Recryptor, an IoT platform that accelerates primitive cryptographic operations by replacing a standard SRAM bank of a general purpose processor with a custom "Crypto-SRAM Bank" (CSB) with in-memory and near-memory computing. Recryptor is based on a 32-bit ARM Cortex M0 processor, which can directly program the CSB in software. We measure Recryptor's speed-up and energy gains on core functions for symmetric and asymmetric cryptography as well as hash functions. Compared with a Cortex-M0 baseline, we achieve energy gains of 9.1× for AES, >6.7× for elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) finite field multiplication and reduction (FFMR) and 4.9× for SHA-3 Keccak function, with energy gains of >4.1× across crypto algorithms relative to the literature. Energy Efficient Crypto Processor Recryptor (Fig. 1) is based on an ARM Cortex-M0 processor with 32KB memory. Each of the four memory banks is 8KB, with three implemented using a standard memory compiler while the final bank is the custom designed CSB. The CSB is comprised of sub-banks where a sub-bank of width N supports an N-bit wide single-cycle vectorized operation as well as normal 32-bit memory accesses. Size and placement of the sub-banks were optimized at design time to support a wide range of security operation primitives. Our implementation supports various ECC security levels (163 bits to 409 bits), SHA-3 (1600 bits) and AES (128 bits). Fig. 2 shows the detailed CSB bitcell and near-memory datapath. Read-decoupled 10T bitcells are used to enable low voltage bitline computation. By selecting different sense-amp read out data, we can read 1 word, compute NOT of 1 word, or compute OR/AND/XOR on two words. Following the readout sens-amps is a compact, wiringbased shifter, which can left shift by 1/4/64 bits (LS1/4/64), right shift by 64 bits (RS64), right rotate 1/8 bits within 64bits (ROT1/8), and shift bytes as required in the ShiftRow and KeyGeneration steps of AES (SRow, KG). This output is one possible choice for writeback data (WData). The other three options are an arbitrary 64-bit rotator, DIN from the arbiter interfacing with the processor, and an AES SBox. The rotator uses 2 stages of 8-to-1 muxes (Fig. 3), where the 1st stage rotates 0~7 bits and 2nd stage rotates in multiples of 8 bits. In order to achieve low energy and stable operation at low voltage, we use transmission gates for the muxes and a negative clock-enabled latch between the two stages to reduce glitch power. By using wire meshes, compact layouts can be obtained for both 1st and 2nd stages. The Sbox is a key byte substitution module used in block ciphers, which uses a 2-stage glitch-free near-memory implementation [1] (Fig. 2). Table 1 shows the normalized area overhead of each custom module; note that the compiled SRAM uses push rules while for simplicity, the custom memory uses standard design rules allowing for future area reduction. Users can program the Cortex-M0 to use the CSB to accelerate various security algorithms. Two algorithms, LÓpez-Dahab (LD) finite-field multiplication and reduction (ECC), and the Keccak function (SHA-3), are shown with their vectorized CSB-based implementation. For LD, we pre-compute reduction related polynomials ( for better performance, which reduces overflow bits by shifting immediately after multiplication. Table 2 shows the comparison among standard base-line LD code, fixed register implementation [3] and the proposed CSB method; a 9.1× improvement is achieved in terms of number of basic operations. For Keccak, the proposed step modifies the intermediate results of each iteration to avoid the matrix transpose in the original step [4], which would normally require a large number of memory operations. This allows us to exploit the CSB's row-wise vector capabilities for better performance and efficiency. Table 3 shows the operation comparison of baseline code and CSB, which offers a 5.2× improvement. Programming the CSB requires additional configuration instructions, which add overhead. To reduce this overhead and further improve efficiency, we implement a set of optional FSMs that directly control the CSB through customized control logic. These FSMs incur just 2 area overhead, and for example, on FFMR-233b, the FSM reduces cycle count from 2336 to 826, providing 2× energy gain. However, to maintain full flexibility, all functions are directly accessible to the Cortex-M0 processor as well. Fig. 4 shows the simulated power breakdown of the custom blocks when performing different security functions. The utilization of the added blocks differs across applications, but power overhead remains low across all. In addition, the M0 is clock-gated during CSB operations, saving up to 6% of total system power. Measurements & Conclusion Recryptor is implemented in 40nm CMOS along with a separate baseline Cortex-M0 with four standard memory banks. Fig. 5 shows that the measured maximum frequencies of baseline and Recryptor are comparable across a range of supply voltages. It also compares the energy of running three different functions between Recryptor and the baseline. Table 4 compares the optimal energy and time required for different unit functions on Recryptor, the baseline and other state-ofthe-art implementations. Reference [5] is an ASIC design for SHA-3, while [6, 7] are coprocessor designs with limited applications. [3] uses hand-optimized assembly running on a standard Cortex-M0+, but only the 233-bit ECC implementation is provided. Compared to the baseline, Recryptor obtains 8.3×–18.6× runtime improvements and achieves 4.9×–11.8× energy gains for a variety of crypto functions. Compared to state-of-the-art, energy gains are at least 4.1×. Overall, Recryptor achieves 6.8× geometric average speedup and 12.8× energy improvements over baseline and the state-of-the-art. Therefore, Recryptor offers a compelling option for IoT platforms due to its performance, flexibility and efficiency. Fig. 6 shows the die photo. Acknowledgement We thank the TSMC University Shuttle Program for chip fabrication. References [1] Y. Zhang, et al, VLSI 2016. [2] J. W. Lee, et al, ISSCC 2013. [3] R. de Clercq, et al. DAC 2014. [4] Y. Wang, et al, EDSSC 2015. [5] P. Pessl, M. Hutter, CHES 2013. [6] M. Hutter, et al, WISTP 2011. [7] G. Sayilar, et al, ICCAD 14.


This paper not on]y espouses the connatation and the praotical meaning, the important target and effecfive way of developing the education of doing pioneer work for the adult education students. but also discusses the key problems of how to pour fresh vitality into the adult education of higher learning at the age of popularizing higher education.


The phone warning system is mainly composed of telephone switching system,multichannel collection equipment,monochannel collector,centralized monitoring and warning terminal,message transceiver and warning facility etc.The phone warning system principally detects and warns the illegal movement,off-line and circuit breakdown of a telephone.This system,with the off-line and circuit breakdown monitoring technology and anti-movement detection technology,implements the monitoring of security telephone.The off-line and circuit breakdown monitoring technology is realized by circulating current mode and in-put high-frequency signal mode.While the anti-movement monitoring technology by tagging.


The assignment of boundary values for the chemical potential and the calculation of energy release rates for the growth of creep cavities along grain boundaries by self-diffusion are discussed. It is assumed that the boundaries are flat and that surface and gran-boundary diffusion are the dominant transport mechanisms. As matter diffuses from the void surface into and along the grain boundary, misfit residual stresses are induced to alleviate the high stress concentration ahead of the cavity apex. As a result, it is shown that the contribution of strain energy terms to the chemical potential can be neglected in typical cases. Also, contrary to the Griffith crack extension model, the energy dissipation incurred by diffusive removal of material from the cavity surface and deposition in the grain boundary is a major term in the energy transfers associated with cavity growth. The primary energy sink in diffusive cavity growth arises from the work done by the grain-boundary normal stress when matter is inserted in the near-tip region by diffusion, and not from the loss of strain energy of matter that is removed from the cavity at its tip or from a work of bond separation. Thermodynamic restrictions on the angle formed bymore » the void surfaces at their apex, where they join the grain boundary is described. The derivation of boundary values for the chemical potential is carried out in a manner appropriate for arbitrarily large but elastic distortions of material near the cavity tip and, by contrast to most previous work in the area. Rigorously the effects of surface tension, as distinct from surface energy, is included.« less


In the development of the metalexicography, the primary focus of metalexicographers was on the development of printed dictionaries. As technology advances, the focus now shifts towards online and electronic products. Tarp ( 2009 :23–24) posits that this shift results in metalexicographic shortcomings. This means that the theories used to create and evaluate dictionaries are not sufficient anymore. Bergenholtz and Bothma ( 2011 :54) show that dictionaries as data carriers are now not only limited to the field of lexicography, but also to information technological fields. For current lexicographers to be successful in the digital age, the theories used in designing, developing and critiquing dictionaries must adapt with regards to current information technological trends, norms and practices. One aspect that must be addressed is the usability of dictionaries and other electronic lexicographic tools. By using usability theories and standards, current metalexicographical principles can be adapted for the digital age in a streamlined fashion. This study aims to show how usability theories and standards can be advantageous for metalexicography and that future electronic metalexicographic endeavours should not be undertaken without considering the usability as part of the theoretical framework.


As a new governing idea,the constrution of harmonious society not only represents people's fundamental interest but also faces lots of problems and challenges which need government to solve or deal with.With political vision and by analyzing harmonious society's value and challenge,this paper makes a systematical analysis and research on how the government take its essence responsibilities which refers to politics,administration,morality and law to construct the socialism harmonious society.


A recently developed SHG microendoscope allows for in vivo imaging of sarcomeres, the basic contractile unit of muscle, in humans for the first time. The static images and dynamic line scans over time provide important information about muscle function and health. The goal of this project was to extract length from static images and dynamic timing properties from dynamic images as automatically as possible. Fourier Transform techniques are used for static images, and edge detection and image tracking are used for dynamic images. Keywords—imaging; sarcomeres; muscle


This paper presents and discusses four arguments to expand the definition of literacy as follows: (1) the multimedia language of the screen has become the current vernacular; (2) the multimedia language of the screen is capable of constructing complex meanings independent of text; (3) the multimedia language of the screen enables modes of thought, ways of communicating and conducting research, and methods of publication and teaching that are essentially different from those of text; (4) those who are fully literate in the twenty-first century will be those who learn to both read and write the multimedia language of the screen.


The present paper concerns the experiments using a self-consistent mathematical model of the magnetron M155. The experiments show possibility of simultaneous long generation of π-mode and N/2 +1-mode signals, whose power is sufficient for practical use.


"religion." But given what we learn of the long haul of the Peyotist's struggle to practice their tradition, and especially given their repeated experience of religious freedom as one more empty American promise, it is more than a quibble to want to hear what Maroukis thinks about how the legal and political discourse of "religious freedom" functions to delimit the very possibilities it ostensibly opens up for the traditions of marginalized people.


Abstract:Recent years have witnessed an expanding body of scholarship indicating the importance of slave trade and slavery in different parts of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds. This work has not only challenged the dominant focus of slavery scholarship on the Atlantic context but has also encouraged scholars to reassess wider perspectives on Asian and global social histories. This special issue brings together contributions that explore these new horizons. Together, they take up the issue of slavery and mobility in different parts of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds from a comparative perspective, dealing not only with the existence and patterns of slave trade itself but also with its social and sociopolitical implications. These articles require us to rethink some of the dominant perspectives in a historiography that for a long time has emphasized the unique and local character of "Asian" slaveries, positing dichotomies between slavery in the Atlantic and elsewhere, as well as between Western and non-Western slaveries. The contributions to this special issue challenge several of these existing dichotomies and provide new contributions to the understanding of the role and importance of slavery from a global perspective, as well as to the history of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian archipelago worlds. This introduction reflects on this collective contribution and aims to provide an outline for a relevant research agenda.


It is known that sheep and lamb are highly nutritious. In Serbia, the most delicious mountain lambs why are most of the country and the world. In the modern economy of sheep production, it is considered that 85-90% of the income is provided from the obtained meat and milk used for fattening lambs, while only 10-15% of the total value of income is realized with wool. The characteristics and composition of lamb meat, above all, depend on the way the animals are raised, as well as on the application of many measures that need to be taken in the fattening of young lambs.
The purpose of this paper is to determine the sensory properties of lamb meat. The research was carried out on 12 lambs (6 male and 6 female) of the "Pirot improved sheep" were examined in order to determine the influence of length of fattening lambs and gender of lambs on sensory properties of fresh and thermally treated lamb meat. The first group of lambs was fattened for 60 days, the second and the third 120 and 180 days. Nutrition of the lamb to rejection (40 days) is the mother's milk. After 40 days, it switched to pelleted concentrate (with 18% protein) and a quality hay, which was ad libidum as the concentrate. At the end of the fattening, the lamb is slaughtered by the usual technique. The examined sensory properties of meat are: colour, odour, texture, marbling with points from 0 to 5. The best sensory features have the fresh meat of the lambs of the third group, and a weaker average score has the meat of the first group. The lamb's sex has an effect on the meat's marbling. Marbling is significantly better for female lambs meat than male lamb meat (P <0.05). The odour, flavour, tenderness and softness for thermally treated lamb meat in all three groups are not significant for male and female lambs. Mean tenderness values are significant (P <0.01) higher in the second in relation to the first group for both genders lambs. The sensory characteristics of roasted meat of female lambs for the three groups were assessed with higher grades compared to male lamb meat. Statistically significant differences between the genders in terms of meat flavour were determined for the second (P <0.05) and the third (P <0.01) group of lambs. It can be concluded that thermally treated meat of female lambs has better sensory qualities than the male lamb's meat. Differences in mass losses between the first and third, as well as between the second and third groups are significant (P <0.01). The gender of lambs does not have a significant effect on the mass losses of meat during cooking or roasting.


(PSERC) is a multi-university Center conducting research on challenges facing the electric power industry and educating the next generation of power engineers. More information about PSERC can be found at the Center's website: This copyrighted document may be distributed electronically or in print form as long as it is done (1) with the entire document including the cover, title page, contact page, acknowledgements, and executive summary in addition to the text, and (2) attribution is given to the Power Systems Engineering Research Center as the sponsor of the white paper. Executive Summary This is a white paper on research related to the future power grid in the United States. The objective period is through the year 2050. The central theme is the inclusion of high levels of renewable resources, principally wind and solar energy. The intent is to give an over The Horizon view of the evolution of the transmission grid emphasizing new technologies, applications of system theory and algorithms, and considering new infrastructures. The elements of this research area focus on electric energy challenges of the future through four critical areas:  Transmission system design  Substantive changes in power distribution system design  Dynamic balancing of load and generation  Wide area controls, including integrative controls in the transmission and distribution systems. The significance of this effort in the context of the stated U. S. Department of Energy " Scientific Discovery and Innovation " Strategic Theme #3 includes:  The assessment of advances in basic energy science to utilize selected technologies  The impact of the use of those technologies in a power engineering context  Reduction of dependence on foreign oil  The implementation of digital/computational science tools to realize a next generation power system. Relating to fundamental overhead and underground transmission, a wide range of eventual technologies is studied. These include ultra-high voltage (e.g., > 1000 kV): six phase transmission and related polyphase designs: high voltage DC (including expansion of existing facilities, routing of circuits in Mexico, multi-terminal DC, and meshed DC systems); and variable frequency concepts. The new advances in high temperature low sag overhead conductors, and compact overhead designs appear to yield from 100% to nearly 200% improvement in transmission characteristics. It is possible that the main element in future systems with high levels of renewables shall be the study, development, and ultimate implementation of high levels of energy storage. Transmission overlay plans are …


IMPLEMENTASI METODE SOROGAN DALAM MATA PELAJARAN AL-QUR'AN HADIS KELAS VIII DI MTs YAPI PAKEM SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA Oleh: Nabella Faidzla This study reveals 1) How to apply the sorogan method in the subjects of the Al-Qur'an Hadith at MTs YAPI Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta. 2) Revealing the implementation-challenge in implementation and 3) explaining the implementation method for students. This research was applied to MTs. Yapi Pakem, Sleman Yogyakarta, and is a type of qualitative research. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII, principals, teachers of the Qur'an Hadith subjects. The object of this study consisted of a planning model for implementing the Sorogan method. The technique used in determining the subject of this study uses the Purposive Sampling technique which has certain criteria that can support a person's reason for being the subject of his research. Data collection techniques by observation, interview and documentation. The results found the sorogan method applied in the madrasa. Specifically for the Qur'anic subjects the Hadith is not carried out thoroughly in terms of the steps of the general sorogan method; santri face one by one to the kyai / religious teacher to deposit their memorization. In Mts Yapi there are students progressing one by one, but advanced groups and each group consists of 3-5 people. Insufficient time duration. While the evaluation system is done by safahi (oral examination) and written. Constraints that require teachers; First, the ability of different students. There are those who have high dayahafal, but there are also the opposite. Sorogan method requires high memorization, those who do not have good memorization will leave the lesson. Second, class conditions become noisy. This condition is clearly determined and becomes a special limitation. Third, time duration. By learning face to face with the teacher, a lot of time will be spent. Available time is not possible. Fourth, students who are not proficient in reading Arabic script have difficulty memorizing. Related to the resulting impact is very positive. This is based on the safety test and written. Continually increasing. In addition they are more motivated to learn and memorize. Children are conditioned to learn. Other indications were observed from the number of participants attended by the tahfidz competition for MTs at the Sleman Regency level.


A heavy snowfall, followed by several days of cloudless skies before significant snow melt had occurred, enabled a quantitative study of the effects of snow on downwelling UV spectral irradiances at the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research UV measurements site in Lauder, New Zealand. The largest UV enhancements (>70%) were seen during partly cloudy conditions immediately after the snowfall. A radiative transfer model was used to quantify the enhancements due to the snow cover and the spectral albedo of the snow under clear-sky conditions. The first cloudless day on which the radiative transfer model could be used with confidence occurred 7 days after the snowfall. By this time, the maximum enhancements due to snow at solar zenith angle (SZA) 70° were approximately 22% in the UV-A region. In the UV-B region, the enhancements were approximately 28% and tended to increase slightly at larger SZA. The corresponding surface albedo was 0.62±0.08, and comparison with supplementary measurements indicated that the albedo decayed with time. Any spectral or SZA dependencies in the enhancements were below the measurement uncertainties in the UV region. Comparisons with supplementary data indicated that the albedo immediately after the snow was greater than 0.8.


There have been considerable advances in linking the pathogenesis and severity of bronchial asthma with airway inflammation, but we are lacking good laboratory tests of inflammation to be able to monitor patients with various forms of this disease. Thus, while national and international guidelines strongly recommend the use of objective monitoring of asthma using peak expiratory flow measurements, symptom scores and the use of short-acting bronchodilators, what is really needed is a non-invasive marker ofthe underlying abnormality ofasthma, namely inflammation. This workshop, conducted under the auspices of Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics AB as a satellite to the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology in September 1992, clearly identified the need for these surrogate markers, but also provided new data indicating that the development of inflammatory markers is indeed a realistic possibility. This supplement contains a summary ofthe current literature relating to markers of eosinophil, neutrophil and mast cell activation, which should certainly be of interest to those wishing to improve the management ofasthma.


The invention provides a preparation method of a crystalline state Li-Sn-S series inorganic lithium ion solid electrolyte. The method comprises the following steps: introducing H2S gas or adding a water-soluble sulfide into a LiOH.H2O aqueous solution in an enclosed container, reacting for a certain time period, and adding an aqueous solution containing a metal Sn element; introducing protective gas for reacting continually, adding an organic reagent, putting the mixture into a low-temperature environment, drying a crystal which is separated out, and removing crystalized water by means of thermal treatment to obtain a product. An all-solid electrolyte is prepared by adopting a novel wet process. Compared with the conventional solid-phase synthesis, the method has the remarkable advantages of short reaction time and controllability of the product morphology.


This paper examines the factors that influence customer loyalty towards Internet banking and how the measure of customer loyalty differs between public and private sector banks. A previously proposed model of customer satisfaction developed by the researchers has been used in this study as the antecedent of customer loyalty. The model of customer loyalty consists of 11 constructs and 43 parameters. Three public and three private sector banks in India were selected for the study. The primary data was collected from 450 respondents. The results of path analysis for both sets of data (public and private) revealed that customer satisfaction has a positive significant influence on customer loyalty; however, the intensity of impact varied by some point. The comparative figures indicated that customers of private sector banks are more loyal towards Internet banking than customers of public sector banks.


Groundwater has been identified as the world's largest resource that can be easily accessed especially when confronted with water shortages as a result of low river discharges. Successful execution of groundwater exploration using geophysical methods requires knowledge on the relationships that exist between hydrogeological and geophysical parameters. This makes data interpretation and delineation of groundwater zones easier, thereby avoiding the drilling of marginal holes. This study was carried out in the Kwabre District and was aimed at establishing a relationship between airlift yields and electrical resistivity parameters. Three methods, viz. borehole log analysis, cumulative resistivity method and the drilling rate with respect to formation analysis, were employed to obtain resistivity (rho) and thickness of the saturated zones from borehole logging and vertical electrical sounding data. The obtained resistivity and saturated thickness were used to compute transverse resistance (Tr) and longitudinal conductance (Sc). Each of these parameters (i.e. Tr and Sc) including the resistivities of the saturated zones were further correlated with airlift yields of the boreholes to evaluate their relationships. Also, the airlift yields were used to create a yield map of the district. Correlation results obtained from the borehole log analysis and cumulative resistivity method suggest there is no relationship between the airlift yield and the resistivity parameters. On the other hand, results obtained from the drilling rate with respect to formation analysis showed that the yield versus resistivity, longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance are related by 60.85%, 57.16% and 50.25% respectively. However, validations of the associated models were very poor in predicting measured airlift yield values. Thus, further studies may be required to improve and validate the method. This study also provided useful information on the variation of airlift yields in the district.


A pneumatic object is provided with a layer that is airtight to inflation gases. The layer includes an elastomer composition having at least a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), as a sole elastomer or as a predominant elastomer by weight, and a hydrocarbon resin. A glass transition temperature of the hydrocarbon resin is above 0° C. The TPE is a copolymer that includes at least a central polyisobutylene block. Optionally, the elastomer composition includes an extender oil. Also optionally, the elastomer composition includes a platy filler selected from a group that includes graphites and phyllosilicates, such as micas, clays, and talcs. The pneumatic object may be an inner tube or a pneumatic tyre for a motor vehicle.


July's People,written by Nadine Gordimer,the 1991 Nobel Prize winner of Literature,is a novel about the predicament the white faced in the period of interregnum.Through the description of the status exchange between the black and white and morbid symptoms brought by the apartheid,the novel demonstrates the dissolution of the myth of white-centeredness.Gordimer bitterly criticizes the imperial colonialism and seeks artistic truth in her novels.


This paper examines the current state of inclusive design in conversational user interfaces (CUIs) and proposes a specific design context for improving inclusiveness: CUI-supported care delivery systems for older adults with their caregivers. The paper highlights the barriers and challenges that must be addressed in such systems to meet older adults' needs and preferences and improve caregivers' technical capacity. The paper also suggests possible derivative studies and technologies required, such as voiceprint recognition and pre-trained large language models. Ultimately, this paper serves as a starting point for future experiments and research in improving the inclusiveness of CUI design in the context of older adults and their caregivers.


Image watermarking has become a popular technique for authentication and copyright protection with the development of Internet and computer. However, current image watermarking approaches especially blind techniques are not strongly robust with respect to attacks or combinations of several attacks. In this paper a new intelligent second generation blind image watermarking technique is proposed, which adopts independent component analysis (ICA) for watermarking process. The characteristics of the human visual system (HVS) are incorporated into the watermark embedding, so that the watermark can be adaptive to the protected image. The edge of original image which extracted by Sobel operator is used as watermark in this paper. The watermark is rearranged by chaotic before watermark embedding in order to enhance the robustness of watermarking and the embedding process can be performed in any image domain, including spatial and transform domain. Watermark can be extracted correctly not merely be detected without any information about the original image and original watermark, and the accuracy of watermark extraction depends on the statistical independence between the original image, original watermark and the key. This proposed intelligent system can also extract multiple watermarks embedded in the test image one by one. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed intelligent second generation watermarking technique based on ICA is robust with respect to attacks produced by popular watermark test software - Stirmark, including rotation, scaling, translation, skew, cropping, filtering, image compression, and combined attacks.


Our understanding of the processes by which metallic cores formed in the terrestrial planets is constrained by knowledge of the mechanisms of metal-silicate segregation. It is widely held that significant melting of the silicate portion of the early Earth, i.e. the formation of a silicate magma ocean, is required for differentiation of a metallic core to have occurred. This view is partly based on the results of a wealth of experiments conducted to determine the permeability of Fe-rich liquids in solid silicate matrices. These experiments, typically conducted in static systems over a range of conditions, generally preclude that metallic cores could have segregated efficiently from a crystalline silicate mantle by grain boundary percolation alone. By contrast, only a handful of experiments have been conducted in 'dynamic systems' to investigate whether plastic deformation can aid segregation of metallic melts from solid silicate matrices. This is in spite of the seeming importance that deformation might have in young, hot terrestrial bodies undergoing rapid accretion. To date, such studies have been performed at relatively low pressures, largely due to constraints in conducting deformation experiments at higher pressures.


The S100 protein family is a highly conserved group of Ca2+‐binding proteins that belong to the EF‐hand type and are considered potential drug targets. In the present study we focused our attention on two members of the family: S100A13 and S100B; the former is involved in the nonclassical protein release of two proangiogenic polypeptides FGF‐1 and IL‐1α that are involved in inflammatory processes, whereas S100B is known to interact with the C‐terminal domain of the intracellular tumor suppressor p53 and promote cancer development. We screened, using waterLOGSY NMR experiments, 430 molecules of a generic fragment library and we identified different hits for each protein. The subset of fragments interacting with S100B has very few members in common with the subset interacting with S100A13. From the 15N‐HSQC NMR spectra of the proteins in the presence of those hits the chemical shift differences Δδ(HN) were calculated, and the main regions of surface interaction were identified. A relatively large variety of interaction regions for various ligands were identified for the two proteins, including known or suggested protein–protein interaction sites.


This paper compares stress in Virtual Team (VT) and face-to-face team (F2FT) based on challenge-hindrance stress theoretical framework. The VT's characteristics are discussed. We propose VT is generally more stressful (both for challenge and hindrance) than F2FT. Meanwhile, social supports which are believed to be able to reduce stress, is more prominent in F2FT than in VT.


Following up the previous paper on the fracture strength of helically wound composite cylinders under axial tension, the torsional strength is discussed in the present paper.By making use of the in-plane stress components in each layer of the helically wound laminate under torsional loading, the three-dimensional stress components on the planes containing fibers have been calculated, taking into account the plastic deformation due to the yielding of the matrix or separation between the fibers and the matrix before fracture. And then, by relating these analytical stress components with the fundamental strength which corresponds with the four kinds of fracture mechanism that has been obtained in the authors' experiments on unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites, the torsional fracture strength has been predicted analytically. The fracture is found to be mainly governed by the compressive fracture in the fiber direction in one layer over almost all the ranges of winding angle, exhibiting good agreement with the torsional fracture stresses and fracture behaviors obtained in the experiments on glass-epoxy composites.The torsional buckling experiments are also carried out on the helically wound thin cylinders in order to ascertain that the above-mentioned fractures are not due to the buckling. The experimental buckling value is about two thirds as large as the theoretical value.


Studies of testicular cell killing in mice by several chemo therapeutic drugs have been performed to evaluate the harmful effects of oncolytic agents on reproduction. Seven drugs, Adniamycin, 1-/3-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, bleomycmn,cyclo phosphamide, hydroxyurea, vinblastine, and vincnistine, given as single injections, were cytotoxic to differentiated sperma togonia. Adniamycin was also highly effective in killing stem cells. The other drugs produced little or no stem cell loss even at doses toxic to the animals. Negligible killing of spermato cytes and spermatids was noted at any dose level. The results demonstrated that oncolytic agents preferentially killed cells at specific stages of the spermatogenic pathway in mice at doses within the clinical range for humans.


The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for supporting a handover of a terminal does not have (Global Positioning System) GPS. A method for supporting a handover of a mobile terminal according to the present invention is a process for obtaining a cell ID and a sub-cell ID from the received (Transmission Parameter Signaling) TPS from the base station and, from the base station associated Program Specific Information (PSI / SI / Service information) the procedure for obtaining the latitude and longitude information of each cell through the reception and the step of using the obtained sub-cell ID calculate the range of the sector is in-cell UE their belonging to the acquired cell ID and using the latitude and longitude information and the range of the calculated sector of each cell handover searches for a candidate group of neighboring cells process and the hand by using a process of performing the scanning for the neighbor cell the searched with the scanning result that It characterized by comprising the step of determining the target neighbor cell to perform handover. DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld), TPS (Transmission Parameter Signaling), sub-cell ID, the handover, (Global Positioning System) GPS


Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) is a bacterium that has been widely used as a probiotic because it can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria are usually found in the digestive tract of both humans and animals. In this study, isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the intestines of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were isolated from traditional ponds in Bangkalan. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out on Vibrio harveyi, and then the suspected isolates of LAB were identified using a biochemical test referring to the book Identification of Cowan and Steel 1992. Isolation of LAB using pour plate using MRS Agar media enriched with CaCO3 1%. Antibacterial activity test using Kirby Baurer method with disc diffusion technique. The results of the characterization of LAB contained in the intestines of vannamei shrimp were obtained as many as four isolates. Antibacterial activity test of LAB against Vibrio harveyi obtained the highest inhibition zone, namely isolate 2 with a diameter of 4.25 ± 1.77 mm, and was included in the weak category because it was less than 5 mm. The results of bacterial identification using biochemical tests showed that the three isolates were bacteria from the genus Pediococcus and one isolate was a bacterium from the genus Gemella.


Beginning with the first yearend on or after November 15, 2004, many companies will have to comply with the internal control reporting requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The control environment is one of the key components of an entity's internal control; it sets the tone of an entity, influences the control consciousness of people within all organization and is the foundation for all other components of the internal control system. In this article management and independent auditors will find some suggestions for addressing one of the most challenging requirements of assessing internal control: evaluating the effectiveness of the control environment. Management has always been responsible for the design and maintenance of the company's internal control. Now, because of Sarbanes-Oxley, management has the added responsibility to annually evaluate, test and report on the entity's internal control over financial reporting. The external auditors are responsible for auditing management's assertion as to the effectiveness of this internal control and coming to their own, independent conclusions. They must evaluate management's assessment and perform their own, independent tests of controls, including the control environment. Thus, the suggestions provided in this article on testing the control environment may be helpful to management and auditors alike. As opposed to an activity-level control (for example, checking the mathematical accuracy of a vendor invoice), which is limited to one processing stream, the control environment has a pervasive structure that affects many business activities. It includes elements such as management's integrity and ethical values, operating philosophy and commitment to organizational competence. Designing and performing tests at the control environment level will be a complex and challenging task--for example, a company may point to its code of conduct as documenting its ethical values. Ultimately though, the mere existence of the documentation of a control is not sufficient to support a conclusion about its operating effectiveness. Management and auditors must do more than demonstrate that a code exists; they must evaluate the effectiveness of the code's implementation. For example, the entity's implementation procedures may include training sessions for management and employees on the company's code and the establishment of formal channels for the confidential communication of code violations to senior management. To determine whether the code of conduct has been implemented effectively, these questions need to be asked: * How is the code communicated? * Do the entity's employees and management follow the code? * How is compliance with the code monitored? * Does compliance with the code improve the effectiveness of other control policies and procedures? Adding to the difficulty of the testing requirement task is the fact that the control environment is not transaction-oriented. The tests of controls auditors are accustomed to performing, such as walk-throughs or the reperformance of the control for a sample of items, will not be possible. DON'T NEGLECT THE CONTROL ENVIRONMENT At this early stage of complying with section 404 requirements, most companies have focused on the documentation, evaluation and testing of activity-level controls. For example, bank reconciliations, the matching of shipping documents to invoices and computerized checks of data entered into the accounting system all are examples of activity-level controls. As defined by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) framework, activity-level controls are just one component of internal control over financial reporting. In an evaluation of internal control, both management and the auditors need to consider all its components. If they focus exclusively on activity-level controls to draw a conclusion about all elements of internal control, they may reach inappropriate conclusions about interned control taken as a whole. …


The invention discloses clothing adopting cutting pieces capable of enhancing stretchability, and a manufacturing method for the clothing. The clothing comprises a clothing main body and the cutting pieces capable of enhancing stretchability, which are positioned on stressed stretching parts of the clothing. The cutting pieces capable of enhancing stretchability are compounded with thermoplastic elastomer (TPU) layers and are punched by a mould. Holes obtained by punching by the mould comprise vertical I-shaped holes (201), horizontal I-shaped holes (202), and/or U-shaped holes (203). The manufacturing method for the clothing comprises the following steps of manufacturing the cutting pieces capable of enhancing stretchability, and splicing the manufactured cutting pieces capable of enhancing stretchability and the clothing main body. The requirements of parts on high stretchability of the clothing are met, and the comfort of the clothing is enhanced. On the basis of the conventional clothing, structural dividing is performed to ensure that the clothing is high in beauty. The cutting pieces which are compounded with the TPU layers and are punched by the mould have high stretchability.


The nonlinear complementarity problem formulation developed by the author for a general three dimensional frictional contact is reviewed, and succeeding works on extensions to various areas of mechanics are summarized and discussed.


This paper uses an analytical model of sound transmission through an aperture for the study of the performance of an active control of sound inside the enclosure to prevent the transmission of sound through an aperture placed in the enclosure wall, by comparing different active control strategies for the particular case of the low modal sound field. The results indicate that a global active control inside the enclosure is not enough to reduce the sound transmission through an aperture, but also that a practical approach consists of cancelling the pressure at the center of the plane of the aperture, thus ensuring satisfactory results.


Use of EMLA (a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine) has become ubiquitous. Mild local reactions, such as edema, erythema, and transient


e18068 Background: Wearable activity trackers and frequent interrogation of remote patient reported outcomes (PROs) have the potential to revolutionize oncology clinical trial design, therapeutic sequencing and patient (pt) safety. Established feasibility and novel systems of data processing are necessary to substantiate value for these methods. Methods: Expanding upon our clinical research data platform, Prometheus, we have developed a HIPPA compliant, remote pt monitoring system capable of collecting minute-by-minute step count and heart rate (via Fitbit) in addition to smart phone derived symptom surveys. To pilot this program, a cohort of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) pts participated in continuous Fitbit monitoring and thrice weekly NCI-PRO-CTCAE survey for 26 weeks. Pre-specified interim feasibility results were examined with a focus on pt characteristics, treatment and compliance. Qualitative assessment of barriers to pt enrollment and device use was performed. Results: 15 mCRPC pts completed our pilot program: mean age 63.1 years (range 48-79), pre-treatment PSA 33.2 ng/mL (range 0.3 – 499.9), 80.0% stage M1b, ECOG 0 or 1. All pts were treated per protocol NCT02703623: abiraterone/prednisone/apalutamide for 8 weeks followed by continuation of therapy (5 pts), cabazitaxel/carboplatin (6 pts) or addition of ipilimumab (2 pts). 33.3% of pts reported grade 3 clinician interpreted adverse events. 14 pts had data available for compliance analysis. Mean Fitbit compliance was 62.6% (STD 35.5%) with rates trending down over the study duration (week 1 vs 26 = 86.7% vs 33.3%; p= 0.002; R2= 0.716). Mean smart phone derived NCI-PRO-CTCAE survey completion rate was 37.1%. Barriers to pt enrollment included slow Fitbit app download times, incompatible smart phones and the need for extensive device use education/counseling. Barriers to data collection were missed survey text prompts and inconsistent use of Bluetooth. Conclusions: MD Anderson's novel, home-grown, remote pt monitoring platform, utilizing Fitbit and smart phone derived PROs, is feasible in function and pt use. Automated compliance checks, streamlined enrollment and pt education are critical to future application. This foundational work will facilitate longitudinal signal variation benchmarked against standard monitoring methods, ultimately aiming to improve outcomes and support of discovery through enriched access to pt experience.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the issue of historical figures (influential people, mainly leaders who stand out in history) "making history." Accordingly, it proposes and demonstrates a new interpretation of the role of historical figures as "makers of history in a broad sense." To dialectically accommodate the relationship between "times" and "heroes," historical figures' coming to prominence and their activities are thought of as the combined effects of historical necessity and contingency. The roles of historical figures are analyzed specifically according to different circumstances in line with the objective laws of history. The interpretation uses historical examples to illustrate the idea that the decisions of historical figures have the power to decisively influence a country's history in certain periods, and even dominate the nature of a certain social stage through their actions; at the same time, the most effective actions of historical figures somehow essentially reflect the masses' needs. In this sense, this paper argues that the principles of historicity, objectivity and value should be employed comprehensively to make critical judgments on historical figures.


Process of Developing Outcomes • Two foresight reviews commissioned specifically analyzing the five One CGIAR impact areas using both studies by external organizations that paid significant attention to AFS and previous CGIAR-sponsored ISPC foresight studies. See Technical Note p. 2 for table on foresight methods used in literature including trend and megatrend analysis, scenario planning, and visioning and backcasting.


Microresonator fiber-optics converters FOC have been examined for recording physical quantities on the basis of self-excitation in a fiber-optics laser with microresonator MR; the output signal is a frequency-modulated one, and the tests show that in principle one can build these converters on the basis of erbium fiber lasers and compound microresonators.


In this work, we developed a multi-target model for neuroprotective compounds reported in the CHEMBL database. The model predicted correctly >8300 experimental outcomes with Accuracy, Specificity, and Sensitivity above 80-90% in training and external validation series. This is model can different outcomes for >30 experimental measures in >400 different experimental protocols and related to >150 molecular and cellular targets present in 11 different organisms (including human). After that, we reported by the first time, the synthesis, characterization, and experimental assays of new series of chiral 1,2-rasagiline carbamate derivatives; not reported in previous works. This work is a synopsis of the results presented in our previous paper: Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Sep 24;15(9):17035-64. doi: 10.3390/ijms150917035. __________________________________________________________________________________


In his landmark article, Richard Morris (1981) introduced a set of rat experiments intended "to demonstrate that rats can rapidly learn to locate an object that they can never see, hear, or smell provided it remains in a fixed spatial location relative to distal room cues" (p. 239). These experimental studies have greatly impacted our understanding of rat spatial cognition. In this article, we address a spatial cognition model primarily based on hippocampus place cell computation where we extend the prior Barrera–Weitzenfeld model (2008) intended to allow navigation in mazes containing corridors. The current work extends beyond the limitations of corridors to enable navigation in open arenas where a rat may move in any direction at any time. The extended work reproduces Morris's rat experiments through virtual rats that search for a hidden platform using visual cues in a circular open maze analogous to the Morris water maze experiments. We show results with virtual rats comparing them to Morris's original studies with rats.


In this paper we describe our approach the aim of which is to apply MOCOCO concepts to e-learning. After a brief presentation of MOCOCO (Mobility, COoperation, COntextualisation) and IMERA (Mobile Interaction in the Augmented Real Environment) principles, we will in turn describe m-learning scope, contextualisation and cooperation advantages as well as learning methods. We will then discuss Contextual Mobile Learning in a project known as HMTD (Help Me To Do), aimed at using wearable computer in a context of activities for better use, maintenance and repair of domestic and professional appliances. This paper ends with an explanation of the overall organisation of our Contextual Mobile Learning system.


The welding technology test is conducted by using activating flux of A-TIG welding for mild steels.Evaluation includes appearance of weld,effect of flux on penetration,microstructure of weld,chemical compositions of weld and base material and mechanical properties.The results indicate that the penetration has been increased 3 times compared with the conventional TIG welding and for the plates of 12 mm thick the full penetration can be get in a single pass without groove preparation.The appearance of weld is fine ,there is no effect on the microstructure,the chemical compositions and mechanical properties.Welding current,travel speed,arc length,coating quantity and type of shidlding gas have effect on penetration.


543Background: Elderly BC pts are generally undertreated, despite evidence suggesting that they may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (CT). We compared treatments/clinical outcomes in elderly vs younger Clalit Health Services (CHS) pts undergoing RS testing. Methods: This exploratory analysis of the CHS registry included BC pts with N0/N1mi/N1 disease who were RS-tested from 1/2006 (CHS approval of the test) through 12/2010 (N0) or 12/2011 (N1mi/N1). Medical records were reviewed to verify treatments/recurrences/survival. Results: The analysis included 458 elderly and 2052 younger pts, with a median (range) follow-up of 5.7 (0.9-9.6) and 6.1 (0.1-10.3) yrs, respectively. In the elderly/younger pts, median age was 73/58 yrs, 48%/52% had grade 2 tumors, median tumor size was 1.6/1.5 cm, 70%/72% were N0 and 30%/28% were N1mi/N1. RS distribution (<18, 18-30, ≥31) among elderly pts was 56%, 33%, and 11%, respectively, compared to 49%, 41%, and 10%, respectively, in younger pts. In pts with RS 18-30 and RS≥31,...


Organizational politics is implicated in all levels of organizational functioning, from power structures and informal interaction to individual identity. This study argues that organizational politics provides an approach to examining professional women's experiences of organizations as gendered. Women graduates in male-dominated organizations claimed not to be limited by explicit discrimination, but they construct organizational politics as being masculine in character and as a barrier to their careers. These women represent organizational politics as irrational, aggressive, competitive and instrumental, leading to individual, not organizational, success. Their accounts undermine the stereotypical dichotomy of masculine rationality and feminine emotion by claiming that women behave reasonably and by focusing on emotion in men's political game playing. However, claiming to be rational and rejecting politics, while acknowledging its role in career success, is uncomfortable for ambitious women. They risk sabotaging their own position by appearing too sensitive to engage in the less savoury aspects of organizational life. Organizational political processes are seen as fundamental to gender in organizations, first, because political activity is seen as gendered and masculine and contrary to female identity; secondly, because politics is part of the informal system which constructs organization from which outsiders are excluded; and finally, because political activity is linked to the performance, achievement and maintenance of power.


Available For The First Time In One Volume, The Very Best Of Mathews's Short Fiction; This expertly designed original paperback presents a comprehensive collection of internationally renowned poet and novelist Harry Mathews' short prose. From the hilarious 'The Broadcast,' in which the narrator learns from a radio program that everything he needs in life should fit into one sock, to 'Calibration of Latitude,' which follows Sir Joseph Pernican on a meandering and seemingly aimless but deeply moving journey, this is a long-awaited addition to Mathew's beloved and masterful canon.


This work presents experimental results on the influence of inert gases, halons and halon alternative agents on propagation of detonation wave in square cross section channel. The velocity of detonation front was monitored using pressure transducers and microwave radar. It was found that detonation suppression is strongly influenced by the mixture stoichiometry and initial pressure, concentration of an agent and the structure and composition of an agent molecule


The heterogeneity of circulating TSH‐receptor antibodies (TRAb) has been demonstrated directly by affinity chromatography on the dye Remazol Yellow‐GGL. The technique resolved these antibodies Into discrete peaks within the general serum Immunoglobulln background. Peaks were detected initially by a binding (radioreceptor) assay and then characterized by their ability to stimulate the uptake of iodine‐125 Into FRTL‐5 cells. Thirteen subjects with high serum levels of TRAb were studied. The two hypothyrold patients each produced a single peak of TRAb activity with no ability to stimulate uptake of iodine‐125 into cultured cells. The remaining 11 patients had Graves' disease; their sera produced a range of elution profiles after chromatography with TRAb activity resolved Into as many as five peaks. Considerable differences were seen in the relative abilities of the resolved TRAb components to bind to receptors and to stimulate cellular uptake of Iodine‐125 both between and within individual samples. No two patients produced components which chromatographed in the same position on the gradients employed for elution from the dye


Numerical simulation was employed to investigate the propagation speed of pressure drop at the drainage stage in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. A seepage model of single-phase water in CBM reservoirs was generated with the parameter from CBM well ZS39 in the Zhengzhuang block of the southern Qinshui Basin. The effects of stress sensitivity and reservoir properties on the pressure drop propagation process were analysed. Moreover the pressure drop funnel scale index was introduced to quantitatively characterize the propagation process. The results indicate that stress sensitivity cause the permeability form the permeability drop funnel, which is consistent with the shape of the pressure drop funnel. Under the constant bottom pressure, the propagation speed of the funnel will gradually decrease in both longitudinal and lateral direction. And the overall propagation speed rapidly increases first and then gradually decreases. In the scenario of steady decrease in the bottomhole pressure, the pressure drop speed shows an increasing trend in the longitudinal direction, and a decreasing trend in the lateral direction. The overall propagation speed of the pressure drop funnel increases all along. The reservoir pressure drop is positively correlated with the initial porosity, the initial permeability and the elastic modulus. For Poisson ratio, when the ratio is small, the reservoir pressure drop has a negative correlation. As Poisson ratio increases over 0.35, a positive correlation exists. It was found from the sensitivity analysis of reservoir pressure drop that petrophysical parameters have strong sensitivity to pressure drop, especially for permeability. Therefore, this work may provide insights into the CBM reservoir properties, and thus will be favorable for improving CBM recovery. Cited as : Jia, D., Qiu, Y., Li, C, Cai, Y. Propagation of pressure drop in coalbed methane reservoir during drainage stage. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2019, 3(4): 387-395, doi: 10.26804/ager.2019.04.06.


In allusion to the practical issues during teaching,some reform ideas were put forward on teaching content,teaching methods and examination mechanism on plant fungi pathogen experimental course based on the newly promulgated talent cultivation plan.The results showed that students' practical skills,issue analysis and settle capacity were all significantly improved under the new teaching system.


The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of commercially produced recycled fine aggregate (RFA) on the compressive, tensile and microstructural behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The effect of RFA as a substitute for natural sand at various volume replacement levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of RAC was studied. For 100% replacement of natural fine aggregate (NFA) by RFA, the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths were found to decrease by 13·51, 6·46 and 22·62% respectively. Microstructures of a control concrete and concrete made with RFA (RFAC) were compared, and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the RFAC contained more unhydrated cement particles and more voids, and its calcium silicate hydrate gel was less dense than that observed in the concrete made with NFA.


Fifty crossbred cows with Charolais sired calves at side were used in an experiment to evaluate creep feeding effects on carcass yield, quality and effects on beef heifer udder development. Treatments were randomly assigned (CREEP v.s. CONTROL) on Aug. 15, 1994 and applied for 74 days. At weaning cows were measured for average daily gain (ADG) and body condition score (BCS) change. There was no difference (P=.29) in ADG of BCS change for cows of either treatment. After weaning calves remained in assigned groups and fed similar diets through backgrounding (60 d) and finishing (180 d). At slaughter, udder composition was measured by determining total udder weight, dry matter (DM), lipid and protein content. Fat-free mass, carcass quality, yield grade, loin eye area (LEA) and back fat (BF) measurements were collected for all calves. Creep fed calves had higher weaning weights (P=.04) and higher ADG (P=.03) than control calves. Treatment did not effect (P>.29) yield grade, marbling score or LEA. However, creep fed calves had higher BF measurements (.32 v.s .26, P=.08) than did noncreep fed calves.


Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) and other eco-industrial developments have different histories, sizes, locations and organizational forms. In order to characterize them several classifications and models have been elaborated. In this work for the first time the existing European EIPs are overviewed with the help of four classifications. These classifications are based on (1) the stage of the development of the area, (2) the starting point, (3) the activity of the EIP and (4) the location of the companies involved in the EIP. However, these classifications are not sufficient to seek for the symbiotic relationships and therefore evaluate the industrial symbiosis potential in the EIPs. Because of this, there is a need to propose a systematic approach and create a tool supporting industrial symbiosis in the EIPs. For this purpose in this work much attention is particularly paid to the presence of symbiotic relationships and the potential to establish them in the studied EIPs. Next, an appropriate algorithm, being a tool for industrial symbiosis evaluation, is elaborated. It shows that the number of industrial enterprises and the diversity of the companies involved in the EIP are important factors to establish industrial symbiosis. The algorithm indicates that only four out of eighteen European EIPs studied are likely to develop industrial symbiosis in the future. This algorithm could be applied by management teams of the existing and planned EIPs.


The replacement of the benzyl ethers from the periphery of self-assembling dendritic dipeptides with naphthyl ethers provided the simplest mechanism to enhance the thermal stability of their supramolecular pores in bulk, solution, and in vesicles. This strategy facilitated transport studies via dendritic dipeptide pores reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles and demonstrated that hydrophobic pores with Dpore = 14.5 ± 1.5 A transport water and protons and do not transport Li+, Na+, and Cl-. Therefore, these pores provide a primitive mimic of Aquaporin that selectively transports water but does not reject protons.


Objective To study the efficacy and safety of pravastatin on isolated systolic hypertension(ISH) in the elderly.Methods One hundred and two patients with ISH were randomly divided into the control group(n = 50) and the treatment group(n = 52),patients in both of the two groups were given 5 mg amlodipine,once per day,and patients in the treatment group were also added with 20 mg pravastatin,once per night.The blood pressure,pulse pressure(PP),the serum lipid index after treatment and cardio cerebral vascular events were determined within one-year follow-up.Results After one year treatment,the systolic blood pressure(SBP) and PP were significantly decreased in both groups(P 0.05),however,no significant change in the diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was found(P 0.05).A significant difference in the serum lipid index was found between these two groups(P 0.05).Obvious difference in the admission rate of cardiovascular causes and in the total cardiocerebral vascular events was observed within one year between these two groups(P 0.05,P 0.05),but no significant difference in the admission rate of cerebral causes in these two groups was found(P 0.05).Conclusions Pravastatin and amlodipine has the synergistic hypotensive effect on the elderly patients with ISH,which can reduce the PP,serum lipid level and cardiovascular events and offers a safe and reliable treatment,with less adverse reaction.


Abstract : A study of the physics of cloud simulation with water spray systems in tanker aircraft indicates that cloud diffusion is primarily a result of nozzle wake effects in such manner that cloud diameter is a function of distance behind the tanker. The study shows that initial velocity of water jets determines mean droplet diameters and droplet range; droplet range and terminal velocity are quite small for cloud sized droplets but are significant for large droplets; and that droplet range and terminal velocity can be used to cause tendencies for the location of large droplets in the outer and lower cloud edges respectively. Tables and graphs are presented for use with problem solutions and with the present nozzle assembly. A manifold type air-water nozzle is also discussed and should provide a major improvement in cloud simulation capability and effectiveness.


Y2O3-doped Eu3+ (Y2O3:Eu) nanometer particles (NPs) were synthesized via a chemical route. The particle size estimated by x-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy was about 61 nm. Two photoluminescence peaks were observed at 582 and 587 nm, being attributed to the transition of 5D0→7F1a of Eu3+ in the S6 and C2 symmetry sites of Y2O3, respectively. The intensity ratio of the photoluminescence peaks at 582 nm to at 587 nm was larger for NPs than for micrometer particles (MPs). The excitation peak of NPs due to the charge-transfer band shifted toward the high-energy side as compared with that of MPs. According to x-ray diffractometry, the lattice distortion and the lattice constant were larger for NPs than for MPs, showing the restructure at the near surface and the increase in ionicity of the Eu–O bond with decreasing particle size. This explains the blueshift in the excitation peak.


1. First re call the SU(2) commutators for the spins operators. Note that the commutators are zero when the spins are at the different sites. On the same site the commutators are: [Ŝ, Ŝ−] = 2Ŝ3 ; [Ŝ3, Ŝ ] = Ŝ ; [Ŝ3, Ŝ −] = −Ŝ− To compute the time dependence of the Heisenberg operators we can use ∂0Ô = −i[Ô, Ĥ] The calculation becomes a lot simpler if one rewrite the Hamiltonian in terms of Ŝ, Ŝ−, and Ŝ3.


n the course of a microanalytic study 1 of mother-infant play during tlie first six months, all of our home visitors and videotape coders were struck by the mothers' frequent repetition of certain statements to their infants, as well as by individual mothers' preoccupation with particular themes. These themessometimes implicit, sometimes explicitwere familiar from the psychological literature: rejectionjlove, activityjpassivity, etc. Upon reflection, it was not surprising that such themes should arise spontaneously: T h e babies were clearly en~otionally significant objects to the mothers. Furthermore, the mothers were in a sense confronted with a projective test, for though the explicit instructions were "try to get tlie baby's attention and play with him as you normally do," tlie implicit instructions were "look at the baby and say something," the kind of instructions one would give to a subject with a Rorschach or a T A T card. This paper will demonstrate that virtually everything mothers say under such conditions can rather easily be reduced to a small number of themes, and that there are stable individual differences in the apparent importance of particular themes to individual mothers. METHOD


Online education has seen tremendous growth in higher education as more universities have started to offer different modalities of learning. As of 2014, it is estimated that over 28% of students enrolled at a higher learning institution completed some, if not all, of their coursework online (Allen & Seaman, 2016). While there is a considerable amount of research on online education and student engagement, the impact of instructor engagement has not been as thoroughly researched (Seaton, 2014). Furthermore, student perceptions on instructor engagement has not received significant attention in research. This is an important gap as overall, research shows that positive learning outcomes is strongly linked to student involvement, engagement, and their perception of belongingness (Schwehm, Saxton, & Stuckey, 2017). The ability to communicate in an effective manner is essential to developing rapport within the online classroom, facilitating relationships between students and instructor, completing tasks, and engendering a supportive and edifying community. Online communications frequently struggle to achieve these goals given the lack of face-to-face contact and real-time communication. This disconnect between students and instructors can further complicate this process, as the expectations and prospections of communications may not be clear to either party. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate student perceptions of instructor communication within the discussion forum in an online classroom. The goal was to gain a better understanding of student expectation and perceptions of communication, and in return, online instructors can have the ability to create and develop improved online ABSTRACT


The aim and objective of this study is to examine and compare how schools in Galway, Republic of Ireland and Derry in the North of Ireland (cities located within two independent jurisdictions in Ireland) manage and respond to bereavement. To carry out a survey of schools, the 'Loss in Schools' questionnaire is considered the most suitable tool. The questionnaire, which contains 10 questions designed to unearth pertinent issues including the needs and concerns of schools, had previously been administered in studies in Hull. Sixty questionnaires were administered in both Galway and Derry, with a return of 38 and 35, respectively. This study illuminates important aspects of the topic. The schools in both Galway and Derry rate bereavement (and parental separation) as highly important in terms of priorities. In terms of policy, some of the respondents in both study sites report that loss is included in their school's policy documents but not formally included in the curriculum. A designated staff member (who would speak to the pupil experiencing the death of a family member or significant other) is evident in 37% of Derry schools and 23% of Galway schools. Some members of staff in both study sites have attended training in bereavement, although the courses are relatively short term. Schools request assistance from other agencies outside the formal schools arena in times of need. In Galway the psychology services are most commonly consulted, while in Derry the Western Education and Library Board Bereavement Counselling teams and Cruse Bereavement Care are identified as additional resources from which help is sought. This paper outlines recommendations on schools' training needs in the area of child bereavement and the request for support to help further develop and formalise school policies.


Thanks very much for the opportunity to appear here today. I am Daniel Rubinfeld, the Robert L. Bridges Professor of Law and Professor of Economics at the University of California Berkeley. I have taught at Berkeley since 1983, and during that time I have served twice as Associate Dean and Chair of the Law School's Program in Jurisprudence and Social Policy. I have previously served as Co-Editor of the International Review of Law and Economics, and am currently the President of the American Law and Economics Association. I have long been interested in industrial organization, antitrust, and competition policy. However, my writing focused on antitrust policy during and following my years as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Economics (June 1997 through December 1998). I have also been active as a consultant on antitrust issues generally and on mergers specifically, serving on numerous occasions as an expert witness for the Antitrust Division, the Federal Trade Commission, and private parties. I have also lectured extensively for the Federal Judicial Center on the use of statistical methods by the courts. My recent teaching has focused on antitrust law and economics and the use of quantitative methods in law. The Commission has posed several questions relevant to the use of economics in merger analysis. In the testimony that follows, I offer commentary on a number of those questions. My thoughts rely heavily on my own personal experiences as an antitrust enforcer, as a consultant, and as a teacher. They also draw heavily on a number of articles that I have authored or co-authored in the past decade. With respect to empirical methods generally, I am referring to Baker and Rubinfeld (1999); with respect to the Merger Guidelines, Rubinfeld (2000), and with respect to merger simulation, I rely on Epstein and Rubinfeld (2001, 2004). Following some initial commentary about the Merger Guidelines, I have organized my comments into three substantive topics, market definition, market power, and anticompetitive effects.


Abstract We pose a "moment problem" in a more general setting than the classical one. Then we find a necessary and sufficient condition for a sequence to have a solution of the "problem" where σ is a "distribution function".