About 30 years ago, in the industry for the production of semiconductors, started the race for the reduction of the dimensions of several electronic components. The trend followed the well-known Moore's law and the dimensions of the chips halved every 18 months. The effect of reduction of the dimensions of products and components involved other scientific and technological fields. Products with micrometric dimensions, i.e. with one fundamental dimension in the range of micrometres, are presents in different domains including mechanics, biology, physics and medicine. The micro engineering concerns with the design, the realization and the industrialization of these products with micrometric dimensions. A fundamental phase of micro engineering is product/process quality control and related measurements. The metrology at micro scale is part of the manufacturing chain of micro products during the design, with the definition of the specifications, during the manufacturing, for the control of the process and in the final phase for the verification of specifications. The measurement of the dimensions and geometries at micrometric level is nowadays in evolution: several aspects, including the development of instruments and measurement techniques, need more studies.
The thesis here presented wants to contribute increasing the knowledge in the field of micro metrology and to provide useful solutions to improve the dimensional and geometrical characterization of micro products.
Although, the research has been developed to be valid in general, it is included as an integral part of the European project "CellDiaSp". The project, in collaboration with international partners, provides for the realization of a microfluidic platform for cells analysis.
The metrological activities, required by the project, are needed to characterize the dimensions and the geometry of prototypes, mould inserts, masters and finite products, in order to guarantee the respect of the specifications and the functionality of the final product.
The first phase of the research deals with the study of the state of the art of metrology and of the relevant measurement techniques that can be used at micro scale.
Successively the application of some of these techniques to the replication processes has been studied. These processes, such as micro injection moulding, are used to obtain mass production and a cost reduction. It has been considered the possibility to measure the components presents in the process of replication, that is the inserts and the replicated parts and to evaluate the quality of the replication process through the calculation of single parameters such as parameters used in the measurement of surfaces. It resulted that this is possible only in few specific cases and that it is preferable to perform a complete three dimensional characterization of the dimensions and geometries of the product of replication.
It has been decided to focus the attention on two typologies of instruments: the scanning probe microscopes and the optical profilometers. These instruments are adapted to the measurement of the parts to be investigated within the project and, moreover, they are the best candidates to be implemented as coordinate measuring instruments, even if they were originally developed as surface measurement instruments.
The problem of "drift", an effect that reduces the accuracy of the measurements performed through atomic force microscopes, has been treated. The causes of the phenomenon have been identified and solutions to the reduction of this error have been provided.
In order to obtain coordinate measurements from the atomic force microscopes and from the optical profilometer, a new technique for the data analysis has been developed.
The new methodology is presented applied to a case study of a microfluidic channel measured through optical profilometry. The technique is inspired by the international standards in the field of geometrical product specification and verification, with particular reference to coordinate metrology. However, these standards can't be directly applied to product with micrometric dimensions and they require new solutions for the analysis of the data. A dedicated software has been developed to treat the data, acquired through a confocal microscope, both as image and as point cloud, taking advantage of both approaches and related representation. Specific procedures of filtration and thresholding have been developed to perform the extraction of the points and the association of the geometrical features for the evaluation of dimensions and geometries of the sample. The developed software provides a semi-automatic and repeatable way for the coordinate measurement of micrometric components.
Finally, the developed technique has been validated using a case study: the measurements of microfluidic channels with cylindrical section used in the realization of peristaltic pumps.


Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules have great potential in developing organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of their efficient emission and low price. Compared to pure-molecules, exciplex systems are drawing much attention since they can realize small singlet-triplet energy splitting (ΔEST) more easily for TADF. However, the species and molecular design systems of electron-acceptors for exciplex-TADF are still limited even though some acceptors have been reported. In addition, the relationship between TADF properties and the structures of acceptors requires further investigations. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two novel spiro[fluorine-9,9′-xanthene]-based acceptors (CNSFDBX and DCNSFDBX) for achieving exciplex-emissions by using tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) as a donor. The photoluminescence measurements suggest that both of the doping-systems (TCTA:CNSFDBX and TCTA:DCNSFDBX) possess exciplex emissions. Whereas, it is observed that the TCTA:DCNSFDBX system displays higher photoluminescence quantum yield and electroluminescence efficiency than TCTA:CNSFDBX. For better explaining this phenomenon, we perform low-temperature fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra investigations. The experimental results show that the TCTA:DCNSFDBX system exhibits smaller ΔEST values (0.12 eV) than TCTA:CNSFDBX (0.46 eV). This results indicate that the reverse intersystem crossing from non-radiative triplet states (T1) to radiative singlet states (S1) and TADF processes can be realized more easily in the TCTA:DCNSFDBX system. Moreover, the electrochemical measurements and theoretical calculations suggest that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of DCNSFDBX DOI: 10.6023/A20030097


In this paper we investigate private equity firm perceptions of sellers' affective deal commitment in buyout transactions. Using a sample of 174 buyouts, we test trust, goal congruence and private equity reputation as potential antecedents of perceived deal commitment. We also examine whether and how different types of sellers, family versus non‐family firms, moderate sources of perceived affective deal commitment. In sum, we find evidence that non‐financial factors play a role in buyouts, particularly for family firm sellers.


Each of the articles featured in this open issue of the Journal of Cultural Economy contributes, in innovative ways, to some of the key contemporary debates in cultural economy. Christopher Clarke's essay intervenes in a discussion around performativity theories of finance which has been ongoing in this journal from its very inception. Clarke draws attention to the conceptual ambiguity that haunts interpretations of Austin's performative utterances. Rather than seeking to repair the integrity of performance theory, Clarke suggests that both 'generic' and 'specific' interpretations of Austin's self-actualizing statements are at work in contemporary instances of financial engineering. Clarke goes on to offer a highly nuanced account of David Li's Gaussian copula formula one of the 'devices' that has borne a disproportionate amount of blame for its counterperformative role in mortgage markets leading up to the subprime crisis. Donald Mackenzie, Daniel Beunza, Yuval Millo and Juan Pablo Pardo-Guerra reflect on the material nature of the performative by examining the obdurate recalcitrance of space-time constraints in the most digitized, integrated and accelerated forms of contemporary financial trading. Social theorists from Karl Marx to David Harvey have predicted that the global integration of financial markets through telecommunications networks would lead to the ultimate suppression of geographic space. This article points to a very different scenario. The extreme temporal compression of high-frequency trading, where differences of a few milliseconds can represent a sizeable advantage, has only served to inflate the importance of spatial proximity to financial exchanges. High-frequency trading firms now rent data centres as close as possible to the servers of major exchanges. The idealized liqudity of high-frequency trading comes at a high cost in the old-fashioned form of heat dissipation or entropy. The article concludes with some thought-provoking questions concerning the relationship between formal economic models and their technical materialization. The following three articles each deal with the questions of consensus and contestation, questions that have assumed a heightened importance in today's context of sovereign debt crises and generalized austerity. In an article that predates the eruption of the Occupy Wall Street movement, Jason Glynos, Robin Klimecki and Hugh Wilmott reflect on the question as to why there was so little public contestation of market orthodoxies in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Erving Goffman's classic analysis of the strategies adopted by professional con artists to deflect the anger of their victims (a process known as 'cooling out the marks') proves disturbingly fruitful as a way of understanding the public acquiescence to post-financial crisis reforms. The article draws particular attention to the role of the secretive and little analyzed UKFI (United Kingdom Financial Investments Limited) in restoring public consensus. A state-owned organization charged with the public task of managing the UK government's stake in failed and partnationalized banks, UKFI has consistently presented itself as a private market player, interpellating the taxpayer as a shareholder in an expanded financial enterprise rather than risk-bearer of last resort. George Sanders widens the perspective on consensus to examine the production of consensual subjectivites under neoliberal conditions. Sanders fruitfully returns to one of


─ A novel quarter-circle defected ground structure shape is introduced in this paper to design and implement an ultra-wide reject band low-pass filter (LPF). Moreover, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is presented. The proposed LPF has small size and, a low insertion loss and a return loss less than -20 dB. Also, a round -20 dB suppression level ranging from 4 GHz to more than 20 GHz is achieved. The simulated results obtained by ECM and full-wave EM show good agreement with the measured ones. Index Terms ─ Compensated microstrip line, defected ground structure (DGS), low-pass filter (LPF), quarter-circle (QC) shape.


The study of the biological tissue varies its behavior, in function of the frequency to which it is subjected. The functions of Cole-Cole, Debye and Lorentz are considered the most used to study the parameters of conductivity and permittivity of biological tissue such as: liver, stomach, gray matter, pancreas, blood, breast tissue to name a few. Depending on the frequency, there may be three different relaxation times. These depend on the nature and physical characteristics of the tissue and its effect in the presence of an electromagnetic signal. The Cole-Cole function is most appropriate when considering a study in the frequency domain, and the Debye function is established to perform the study in the time domain. It is of particular interest to make a comparison between the methods of Cole-Cole and Debye, to define the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The Lorentz function is used for frequencies of the Tera-Hertz order. Comparative graphs are obtained between both for the biological tissues mentioned above. For each of them the electrical parameters are calculated in a frequency range between 100 Hz and 10 GHz.


Good highway design begins with a proper location adapted to existing topography, and continues through a range of features such as the relationship between gradients and curvatures, the proportions to be shown in the cross sections, and the selection of materials for foundations, pavements, and shoulders. However, the safety of a highway, its maintenance, and the impressions of users are influenced to a large extent by the land forms and vegetation that occur along the sides of the traveled way. In consideration of the large-scale highway construction program being undertaken in the mid-1950s, this article looks at the advantages of securing various points of view from among a group of highway planners and experts collaborating to achieve the best roadway/roadside design. The importance of turf road shoulders, surface drainage, slope grading, and establishment of roadside grass cover are examined, as well as factors such as traffic speed, stopping distances, and interchange layout.


The utility model discloses an integral polymer resettable fuse structure of a lithium ion battery, which comprises a polymer resettable fuse. A first nickel strip and a second nickel strip which are respectively led out from the two sides are integrally formed on the polymer resettable fuse. The first nickel strip is bent into an L-shaped nickel strip structure. The second nickel strip is a straight nickel strip structure. The integral polymer resettable fuse structure of a lithium ion battery of the utility model is simple in processing and reduces cost due to utilization of the integral structure of the nickel strips and a PTC, thereby avoiding weak bond and false welding resulting from butt welding of the two nickel strips, on the premise of guaranteeing electrical property parameter and structure assembly without being affected, and a hidden danger of unstable soldering of the nickel strips can be basically eliminated, thereby increasing the reliability of the PTC component.


Nowadays,web has already become the platform of information exchange and propaganda for governments and enterprises.When library specialists constructs websites,first of all,they must choose and purchase software environment.Faced with lots of necessary software on website's construction in the market,the author of the essay incisively analyses the major software in the market from the following aspects: functions?characteristics?advantages?disadvantages and development.


We describe the successful treatment of a pregnant patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase by using only leukapheresis. Following 20 leukapheresis procedures initiated during the 13th week of gestation and performed over approximately 7 weeks, the patients white blood cell count dropped from 242,000/μl to 19,300/μl. The WBC remained stable over the ensuing 17 weeks until the time of delivery. The patient gave birth by cesarean section to a healthy 2,640 g boy at 37.5 weeks of gestation. This is the second report of the successful use of leukapheresis alone for chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase during the first half of pregnancy. We conclude that where leukapheresis is available, it may provide an alternative treatment to chemotherapy or alpha‐interferon, especially in light of their potential teratogenic and leukemogenic side‐effects. J. Clin. Apheresis 14:42–44, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Chief Scientist: Bob Oldale. Data (navigation) of field activity 72003 (H-1-72-GK) in Georges Bank from 07/21/1972 to 08/02/1972, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/h/h172gk/html/h-1-72-gk.meta.html.


As strong pillars are needed for the better foundation of building, so are healthy children needed for the development of country. Therefore, various child welfare services are started by the government for comprehensive development of children. Mid-Day Meal Scheme and Integrated Child Development Services are important services started by government for child welfare. Awareness among parents regarding child welfare is very important for better utilization. The present study is titled as "A descriptive study to assess the awareness and utilization of selected child welfare services among parents in selected areas of Pune city".Objectives: a) To assess the knowledge regarding Breast Complications. b) To associate the findings with the selected demographic variables. Material and Method: A non-experimental descriptive study was conducted enrolling 100 postnatal mothers available at the time of data collection. Non probability purposive sampling technique was adopted. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, frequency percentage distribution and fisher exact test. Findings  Majority 49% were in the age group of 26 to 30 with the education 57 % (57) secondary education.  Postnatal mothers are distributed as Occupation wise 93% are house wife.  Mothers are belong to Religion 95% Hindu, 62% are multi gravida.  63% belong to extended family, 56% are from normal delivery,  57% Mothers are doing breast feeding on demand child.  87% mothers were having good knowledge with the mean of 16.77 and SD of 2.25  There is no any association between knowledge and demographic variables except occupation. At the 0.05 level of significance Conclusion: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding breast complications during Puerperium among post natal mothers. The post natal mothers were having good knowledge regarding breast complications during puerperium with the mean of 16.77 and SD of 2.25. But it is observed that knowledge regarding breast complications during puerperium is not been practiced by mothers. The demographic variable and knowledge regarding breast complications during Puerperium among post natal mothers are not significantly associated.


The lifeless body in the narrative of Domingos Monteiro: evidence and/or fantastic manifestation. The fundamental problems of man, including the eschatological dimension of life and death, as a mystery and source of transcendence, are a constant in the short stories and novellas by Domingos Monteiro. The best form found by the writer to approach this issue was the incursion into the supernatural and the fantastic, the leitmotiv "dead body" acquiring a dynamic of indelible symbology, as can be seen in the short story "A Bisca dos Mortos", within the work Historia das Horas Vagas (1966).


"However long mercury has been employed as an antisyphilitic, general assent has not yet been gained by any doctrine concerning the utility of its administration, the results which it may produce in syphilitic patients, the period at which its administration should be begun and how long it is to be continued." So wrote Zeissl. Burenspring says that mercury exercises a curative action on all syphilitic lesions and that it rapidly causes disappearance of the symptoms. He also says the further development of the process is not prevented by mercury: that the disease is simply protracted, and that by reason of this, tertiary forms develop and the disease becomes incurable. He also says: "Tertiary syphilis is not mercurialism, it is always syphilis, but modified; syphilis in a system changed by mercury." He says further, that "whatever treatment is adopted, syphilis is a disease which impairs profoundly the entire organism. Cases of


A critical analysis of some of the functions of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its affiliates was performed. The manner in which the banned substance list was formed; the attribution of performance-enhancement; and the conduct of urine sample collection, transportation, analysis and reporting were found to be deficient. The secretive nature of WADA has not fostered conformity with scientific procedures and attributes, particularly the independent objective verification of principles and statement content These authors believe it is inevitable that if WADA continues its current practices, professional athletes will be driven out of the Olympic Games The actions and scope of WADA are causes for grave concern.


The investigation of the order-disorder transitions of the ammonium-chlorides and -bromides, in which some of the NH4+ are replaced by Cs+, Rb+ or K+, is extended to the corresponding iodides using birefringence and differential thermal analysis. As the temperature range of the martensitic transition (Pm 3 m↔Fm 3 m) is now overlapping the temperature range of the orderdisorder transitions, the former must be included in the measurements. The results allowing an overlook are discussed using the work of Garland, Lushington, and Leung [5]


221 normalization of mean pulmonary artery pressure.[7] In the other report, Dr. James et al. described the successful use of CDT in a patient with extensive bilateral PE and recent hemorrhagic stroke.[8] These reports highlight a key issue related to reperfusion treatment, notably the target populations which might benefit from catheter-directed thrombus removal techniques carrying a (possibly) more favorable risk-to-benefit ratio than intravenous thrombolysis. In fact, the PEITHO trial previously revealed that systemic thrombolysis does not lead to significant early net clinical benefit if used as first-line treatment in patients with intermediate–high-risk PE and does not influence the risk of developing late complications, such as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and death.[9,10] In contrast, systemic thrombolysis still represents the mainstay of treatment for hemodynamically unstable patients who are characterized by a high risk of early death if the right ventricle is not immediately relieved from the pressure overload.[2,3] With respect to catheter-directed reperfusion techniques, both (presumed) noninferior efficacy of CDT, compared to systemic thrombolysis, in high-risk PE, and its superior safety in intermediate–high-risk PE as suggested by the results obtained thus far, remain to be confirmed by studies in larger patient populations. Availability of such data will, over the long-term, be the prerequisite for sustaining the spread and justifying the economic coverage by health systems of CDT worldwide. In a recent European annualized model estimating venous thromboembolism-associated costs, it has been calculated that the median costs for the management of a single episode of major bleeding were almost 2.5-fold higher than those for acute PE, therefore largely contributing to the annual spending.[11] This economic perspective reinforces the concept of optimizing the safety of treatment and, more specifically, reperfusion options in acute PE.


Photothermal spectroscopic methods, notably photoacoustic, thermal lens and mirage detection, may be seen as alternatives to direct absorption spectroscopy for trace gas detection and offer many advantages, most notably high sensitivity and signal reference to a true zero. While direct absorption measures the typically weak signal difference between input and output energy, photothermal methods measure a signal either directly (thermal lens and mirage detection) or indirectly (photoacoustic) proportional to energy absorbed by the sample.


The strategic alliance between airlines as an important trend in the world air transport today has made a lot of impact on the current bilateral air transport agreements.This paper analyses this problem expecting to get some useful ideas that can guide the development of the air transport in China.


High-modulus, high-tenacity polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers have gained wide acceptance in reinforcement for rubber products such as tires and hoses; in geotextiles, and in ropes and cordage. Accordingly, a great deal of fundamental research has been conducted on how the processing and resulting morphology of these thermoplastic fibers affect their physical properties. The translation of these starting fiber properties to those in the final end-use product has received much less attention. This article compares the structure-property relationships of recently-developed PET yarns possessing high dimensional stability (i.e., high modulus and low shrinkage) with conventional PET tire yarn. Interest in these materials is stimulated by their ability to improve tire uniformity and, for some tire manufacturers, eliminate the need for post-cure inflation during tire manufacturing. Where possible, cause and effect relationships will be developed.


: The purpose of this study was to determine which sectors are the leading sectors of the economy in the regencies / cities of Bali Province. This research is located in the Regency / City of Bali Province, the population and sample used are 17 sectors according to the business field in the 2017-2019 GRDP, and the method of determining the sample is a census. This study used three data analysis techniques, namely Klassen Typology, LQ, and Overlay. Based on the results of the analysis, the leading sectors in each district / city in Bali Province are different. Production activities or economic sectors that have been the leading sectors in the regency / city of Bali Province for the last 3 years, namely consisting of (1) wholesale and retail trade sector, (2) education services sector, (3) accommodation and food and beverage provision sector, (5) ) the information and communication sector, (6) the construction sector, and (7) the other service sector.


In view of the mission of the cooperative target capture with the space manipulator, this article proposes to establish pose measurement model of the space cooperative target capture based on thick lens model for the first time. First, a ground simulation system is established for the cooperative target capture with the space manipulator based on the zoom vision system, coordinate system is defined, and pose calculation process is given. Then, space coordinate measurement model and pose calculation model are established for the system. Finally, the simulation experiments are conducted and the results validate the algorithm model and the high accuracy of measurement.


Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the site of inflammation. Plaque psoriasis is the most common type of psoriasis, affecting up to 80–90% of psoriasis cases. Among inflammatory cells, myeloid dendritic cells or Langerhans cells are mainly activated cells during the pathogenesis of psoriasis to induce activation and differentiation of naive T cells into T helper cells (Th)1 and Th17 cells. SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) is a negative regulator of the phosphorylation of several proteins involved in cellular differentiation, growth and activation. Chronic inflammation promotes tumor progression, which is characterized by the release of carcinogenic antigens, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) into blood and urine. They are common tumor markers to serve as predictors of cancer development and survival of cancer patients. To this end, blood samples of 103 psoriasis patients and 46 healthy subjects were collected. The mRNA expressions of SHP1 and SHP2 were examined by using quantitative RT-PCR and the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, AFP and CA125 by ELISA. As a result, the mRNA level of SHP1 was higher expressed, whereas the level of SHP2 was unaltered in the patient group compared to the control individuals. Importantly, psoriasis patients had CA125 level higher than the clinical cutoff 35U/mL was 15.6%, while healthy individuals had CA125 level lower than 35U/mL. In addition, the serum TNF-α and IL-17A concentrations were significantly increased in the patient group. In conclusion, the results indicated the significant differences in expression of SHP1 gene and inflammatory response in psoriasis patients. This study further hint for investigations on the functional role of SHP1 in regulating activation of immune cells present in psoriasis patients.


The 6.8 magnitude Northridge Earthquake, just south of Los Angeles, on January 17, 1994, caused extensive damage to freeways and bridges, virtually shutting down commuter traffic into Los Angeles. This article describes the work of the California Department of Transportation (CalTrans), whose simple plan was to assess damage, open detours, and get freeways working as quickly as possible. The reconstruction process was difficult initially because damage assessment was performed under hazardous conditions. CalTrans and the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) moved at a record pace after assessment, opening and maintaining detours and restriping roads and other necessary changes. Approximately 75 percent of reconstruction work was completed in the first 6 months--a time period when Federal funds pay for 100 percent of the work. Low-volume city streets became high-volume roadways for displaced commuters. LADOT used its Automated Traffic Surveillance and Control system to change the timing of traffic signals on streets affected by increased traffic. Helicopters and video cameras aided in traffic monitoring. LADOT also encouraged commuters to ride buses, trains, and/or carpool. Less than 1 year after the Northridge Earthquake, the majority of the freeway repairs are complete. Details on the Santa Monica Freeway and Interstate 5 reconstructions are provided.


High performance microlens arrays are fabricated by (i) depositing liquid on the hydrophilic domains of Substrates of patterned wettability by either (a) condensing liquid on the domains or (b) withdrawing the Substrate from a liquid solu tion and (ii) optionally curing the liquid to form solid micro lenses. The f-number (f) of formed microlenses is controlled by adjusting liquid viscosity, Surface tension, density, and index of refraction, as well as the surface free energies of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas. The f-number of formed microlenses is also adjustable by controlling Substrate dip ping angle and withdrawal speed, the array fill factor and the number of dip coats used. At an optimum withdrawal speed f" is minimized and array uniformity is maximized. At this optimum, arrays of f/3.48 microlenses were fabricated using one dip-coat with uniformity better than Aff-t3.8% while multiple dip-coats permit production of f/1.38 microlens arrays and uniformity better than Aff-+5.9%. Average f"s are reproducible to within 3.5%. The method is adaptable and extendible to precision parallel fabrication of (i) microlenses precisely sized, aligned and spatially positioned to various Small light sources and optical fiber ends, (ii) conductive bump bonds on Substrate pads, and (iii) conductive bonds between corresponding domains on separate perpendicular substrates, all of which are self-aligned.


Optimum conditions were determined for protein precipitation from acid whey derived from Oaxaca-type cheese production. Protein precipitation was thermally treated at 93C, with three pH levels (4.60, 4.95 and 5.30) and three heating times (30.00, 37.50 and 45.00 min). The composition of protein concentrate was the response variable and a fourth-order model was used for the response surface analysis. The results of fit model showed an R2 = 0.784 and the heating time quadratic term had the greatest effect on the amount of protein extracted. The precipitation pattern was a seat point with two zones of high-protein extraction at 37.5C: pH 5.3–5.4 and 4.5–4.6. Both points correspond to the isoelectric points of the two main protein fractions in the acid whey, indicating protein coprecipitation.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Recently, it has been observed a nutritional foods scarcity, mainly, those which contribute with high-protein content, meanwhile, in developing countries, by-products from feed industry are wasted, such as acid whey, which, in some cases is discharged into public sewer system, generating severe environmental issues. Results obtained from this research show that it is possible to use these kinds of by-products to obtain high quality nutritional feed products with minimal capital investment that would avoid the problems described here.


The nuclear magnetic resonances of 35Cl and 37Cl in a number of simple chlorine compounds were measured. Since both the paramagnetic contribution for chemical shift and the quadrupole coupling constant of the atom are determined by the same radial distribution of the electron, a linear relationship between the chemical shifts and the quadrupole coupling constants may be expected for compounds for which the electronic excitation energies are comparable. This was demonstrated for the series of chloro-substituted methanes. By graphical extrapolation the absolute chemical shift of the reference compound, NaCl aqueous solution, was obtained. The chemical shift of Cl− aq. ion can be interpreted as the sum of the diamagnetic shift of Cl− spherical ion and a paramagnetic shift resulting from its hydration. The experimental and theoretical values of the paramagnetic chemical shift of the Cl2 molecule were −2.06 × 10−3 and −2.17 × 10−3, respectively. Paramagnetic chemical shifts and line widths of resonance spectra...


Wire bonding has been the most popular interconnection method in semiconductor device packaging. Recently, due to the increasing demand for enhancing the reliability of the device, fine wire diameter and more function property, attention has been focused on failure solution of wire bonding. Au-Al intermetalic compound formation and associated Kirkendall voids have resulted in wire bond failures. 2N gold alloy wire (Purity: 99%) is recommended to replace 4 N gold wire (Purity: 99.99%) for improving 1st bond failure. Due to palladium-rich layer formation at the gold ball and intermetallic compound, the Pd barrier layer restrain the gold atom not continued move to Al metallization side to avoid crack propagation. However, the gold wire with Pd element cannot overcome the crack propagation or void formation. Slower intermetallic compound property of Cu wire is investigated with thicker Al metalization. This paper describes the characteristics of Cu-Al amd Au-Al intermetallic compounds and characterizes the difference in the intermetallic compound growth between Au-Al and Cu-Al for thicker Al metallization (~5um)


Museums are very significant tourism attractions, and some of them feature food either as objects of art or in historical or nature contexts. This article outlines a new curatorial approach to the exhibition EAT ME at Trapholt Museum of Modern Art and Design, Denmark. In the curatorial approach Trapholt was inspired by experience economy and social marketing, in order to both create a blockbuster exhibition and initiate important reflections among visitors on how food has become a kind of super metaphor, with which almost any topic in the world can be explained. Indirectly, the museum questioned the political driving forces that continuously emphasize the growth agenda, where tourism is always an obligatory element. The contribution of this article lies in the explanation of the intriguing endeavour of excavating food for thought in a wider perspective than nourishment and entertainment.


Problem-solving is one of the fundamental skills in the 21st century. Students' problem-solving skill is defined as students' abilities to use their knowledge to solve the daily life problems. This study main goal is to develop a test instrument of junior high school students' problemsolving skills on oscillation, wave, and sound concepts. The test items are arranged based on problem-solving skills indicator that proposed by (Doctor and Heller, 2009), there are problems visualization/description,physics approach, mathematic procedure, and logically conclusion. This study used 4D (define, design, develop, and disseminate) model of research and development method. Ten test sets are designed based on five problem-solving skill indicators that grouped to each oscillation, wave, and sound sub concept. The result of instrument development shows all test items are valid through Pearson moment correlation coefficient test. Alpha Cronbach test the instrument shows the instrument reliability is 0.88 with the criteria of reliability is high. Based on expert judgment and data collections, the test instruments were well developed and could be used to measure students' problem-solving skills on sound wave concepts.


Abstract : As the face of modern warfare changes, the threat of the appearance of guerrilla forces on the battlefield increases. Whether in the form of insurgent forces or partisan forces employing guerrilla tactics in support of conventional forces, their actions on the battlefield must be understood to be countered. Current operations in the Middle East lend special significance to an understanding of counterguerrilla operations. Guerrilla doctrine and tactics spring from an enormous body of theoretical works, not the least of which are the writings of Mao Tse-tung. On the other hand, our current counterguerrilla doctrine and tactics are not based in theory. They represent the 'how' without the 'why' of counterguerrilla warfare. Through the critical analysis of guerrilla and counterguerrilla tactical operations encompassing guerrillas in support of both insurgent and conventional forces I have identified theoretical concepts that can be used in the operations.


[Objective]To discuss the ultrasonograpic features of urinary stones in infants who take melamine milk powders and applications of ultrasound examination in screening urinary disease of infants.[Methods]The urinary system of 5000 infants was tested with two dimension and color Doppler flow imaging.[Results]Ultrasound screening showed 4935 cases had no obvious kidney abnormalities,65 (13.0‰) had urinary system diseases,among which 13 had kidney stones,7 male cases,5 female cases,the ratio of male to female was 1.2 :[KG-*3]1; the youngest was 5 months,the oldest was 4 years,the average age was 2 years. The positive rate of kidney stones was 2.6‰.[Conclusion]Ultrasound is the first choice of screening urinary stones and urinary system diseases of infants who take melamine milk powder.


With homemade isocyanate block polybutadiene(ITPB) as the matrix and the nano silica as the curing agent,the ITPB/Nanosilica elastomer was prepared.This paper illustrated the preparation mechanism of ITPB/silica elastomer,and studied the effects of types of solvent,silica content and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of ITPB/silica elastomer.The results showed that the mechanical property of ITPB/silica elastomer were the best using cyclohexanone as the solvent;increasing silica amount,the tensile strength,elongation at break,fracture strength and hardness were of the ITPB/silica elastomer increased significantly;when the silica content was 6%,the elongation at break of ITPB/silica elastomer reached a maximum value of 220.14%;when the silica content was 8%,the tensile strength of ITPB/silica elastomer reached a maximum value of 7.11 MPa;increasing the curing temperature and curing time can improve the mechanical properties of ITPB/silica elastomer.


Through surveying the current network education in our country from the point of view of educational psychology, we find that the current network education hasn't embodied the soul of the contemporary educational theories, and there is relative parochialism in its executing educational function compared with traditional school education. Meanwhile, the study surroundings it constructs are far from perfect.


Honda, north of the department of Tolima in Colombia had a meaning from the conquest until the twentieth century that was beyond being another river port on the Magdalena River, to become the most important of all, with regard to the transport of people and merchandise, due to its strategic position in the interior of the country due to the abrupt topography that Colombia presented at that time. This is why the Magdalena River became the communication channel towards the interior of the country and, Honda, at the same time, it became the link or door of modernization of goods and people coming from Europe.

The main objective of this article is to establish the transformation and historical development of traditional fishing in the city of Honda as an ancestral trade, connected to the specific life traditions of this place thanks to the topographic characteristics through three periods in the history, finding vestiges from the 5th century BC, located in Arrancaplumas between the upper and middle basin of the Magdalena River in the area known as El Salto de Honda for long annual seasons until the 1st century BC, likewise the inhabitants developed tools that did not present changes through this period of time which were used for activities from fishing and hunting.

Consequently, traditional fishing presents a close connection between the material understood as the instruments used and the commercialization of the product for this work, and the immaterial that is intrinsically related to fishing techniques, traditions and customs that are woven around this trade inherited.


Aims: To evaluate the self-reported drugs/substances in the emergency department presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity in a tertiary hospital.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Clinical Toxicology Department, Tanta University. Between January 2019 and December 2020.
Methodology: The data regarding the self-reported drug(s) / substance(s) in patients presenting to an Emergency Department in a tertiary hospital were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of each recreational drug/substance reported by the patients was calculated.
Results: There were 373 recreational drugs/substances reported by 248 cases. The most frequently self-reported drug(s)/substance(s) were ethanol (reported by 122 cases), followed by cocaine (94 cases), opiates (36 cases), cannabis (30 cases), and amphetamine-like stimulants (29 cases). Other drugs/substances as spice (synthetic cannabinoids), benzodiazepines, pregabalin, methadone, and  others were reported by the patients as well. In the remaining 16 of the total 264 cases (6.1%), the recreational drug(s) that had been used were unknown to or not reported by the patients.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that in this tertiary hospital ED, the main recreational drugs leading to the ED presentation with acute recreational drug/substance toxicity as reported by the patients were ethanol followed by cocaine, opiates, cannabis and amphetamine-like stimulants. Other drugs/substances as spice (synthetic cannabinoids), benzodiazepines, pregabalin, methadone, and others were reported by the patients as well.


Risk analysis model based on probability theory is not ideal in engineering application by reason that it needs so sufficient raw data to describe the probability characteristic of uncertain parameter.On the basis of the feature that the calculated parameter of Predicting Subsidence in Dewatered Cohesive Soil is adapt to interval analysis theory,the risk assessment model and two risk assessment indexes of satisfying different needs were established by using interval theory.By researching the engineering example,the objectivity and operability of the established model and indexes were illustrated,and an effective method was provided for assessing risk about the calculated results in rock and soil engineering.


Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by musculoskeletal pain of unknown etiology and is often accompanied by many psychological symptoms. This study is aimed at evaluating the importance of antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C and Nigella sativa seeds) therapy in management of this disease. Fifty female patients having mean age of 37.87±1.68 years suffering from FM were enrolled in the study. Role of oxidative stress was determined by measuring antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), antioxidant capacity by ABTS (2,2'- azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic diammonium salt) and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) assay in plasma and catalase in erythrocytes. The FM patients were also supplemented with antioxidants (Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Nigella sativa seeds) for two months to assess the impact on activity of FM with the help of VAS (visual analogue scale) (0 being no pain and 100 being severe pain).It was found that FM patients had low activity of SOD, GPx and low antioxidant capacity (AOC) than healthy controls. It was further observed that after two months supplementation with antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and Nigella sativa seeds) the level of SOD, GPx and AOC increased and their mean VAS 90.30±1.52 at baseline decreased to mean VAS of 77.80±1.65 after supplementation with antioxidants.The antioxidant supplementation for two months resulted in significant improvement in FM patients and it may help in minimizing the effects of the oxidative stress.


The quality of life has, concededly, its predispositions. They are of course, in the human being, with regard to the structure of his/her personality, very variable. That is why, to speak about the philosophical and socio-cultural conditionality of movement as a means of quality of life determination, is very difficult. But, nevertheless, it is necessary. So, this paper examines, from the point of view of these relations, first the problem of health, further the problem of movement, respectively human movement and, consequently, the problem of physical exercises as a specific human movement behavior. It takes notice of the relation of physical exercises to that physical fitness which is oriented towards achievement and also to the kind of physical fitness which is oriented towards health. And then, understandably, it remains by this orientation towards health.


Preliminary results of one phase of a control-motion study program involving several jet fighter-type airplanes are presented in time-history form and are summarized as maximum measured quantities plotted against indicated airspeed. The results pertain to approximately 1,000 maneuvers performed by a Republic F-84G jet-fighter airplane during squadron operational training. The data include most tactical maneuvers of which the F-84G airplane is capable. Maneuvers were performed at pressure altitudes of 0 to 30,000 feet with indicated airspeeds ranging from the stalling speed to approximately 515 knots.


Thank you very much for downloading product integrity and reliability in design. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen books like this product integrity and reliability in design, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. product integrity and reliability in design is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the product integrity and reliability in design is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Descriptions of major items in the UNT Libraries Government Documents Map Collection; links to selected map collections on the Internet. Reference tools useful for mapping, map use, and navigation.


In order to provide a theoretical support for B.alsamifera species identification,taking seeding B.balsamifera as the research object,and by paraffin method for experimenting on different leaves of B.balsamifera,through microscope observation and measurement,the authors conducted the variable coefficient statistics and cluster analysis on the circumference veins,veins area,number of secretory cells,number of vascular bundles,vascular area,fence organization thickness,fence organization thickness,spongy tissue thickness,CTR and SR.Results:The data had significant differences.The numbers of.11,12 and 13plant had good ecological adaptability.The genotypes was the cause of high variation.The 16 plants were divided into three groups.


Inhibitory GABAA receptor modulators are widely used therapeutic agents for a variety of central nervous system disorders. Ltk– cells stably expressing human recombinant GABAA subunits (α1β1–3γ2s) were seeded into 96-well plates, loaded with chlorocoumarin-2-dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and bis(1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol, and rapid fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique (FRET) measurements were made of GABA-evoked depolarizations in low-Cl– buffer using a voltage/ion probe reader. The influence of different βsubunits on the ability of agents to modulate and directly activate the ion channel was examined. GABA evoked concentration-dependent decreases in FRET, increasing fluorescence emission ratio (460/580 nm) at α1β1γ2, α1β2γ2, and α1β3γ2 receptors with similar maximal amplitude (P > 0.05, n = 17) and EC50 values of 2.4 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 0.2, and 1.3 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. Piperidine-4-sulfonic acid and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol were less potent, with EC50 values of 8.7 ± 0.9, 9.2 ± 0.5, and 11.7 ± 1.2, and 43.7 ± 6.4, 24.8 ± 1.6, and 26.1 ± 2.4 μM, respectively. Potency and maximal efficacy of propofol, methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate, pentobarbital, and steroids, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one and 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one, were unaffected by the β isoform present in the receptor complex. However, several compounds displayed β2/3 subunit selectivity, notably loreclezole, R(–)-etomidate, and a group of anti-inflammatory agents including mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, niflumic acid, and diflunisal. The anti-inflammatories exhibited varying levels of efficacy at β2/3 subunits, with micromolar potency, while having antagonist or weak inverse agonist profiles at α1β1γ2. Diflunisal was the most efficacious compound, eliciting greater potentiation than loreclezole (90 ± 14% and 109 ± 14% at β3 and β2, respectively, compared with 62 ± 6% and 56 ± 3%), whereas niflumic acid exhibited the lowest efficacy. An additional agent, olsalazine, weakly potentiated responses at all three receptors without any selectivity. This study identifies and characterizes a variety of allosteric modulators for which βsubunits are an important determinant of efficacy and potency.


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Solo practitioner Anders Nelson, M.D., FAAP, maximizes delivery of influenza vaccine through "flu clinics" and during regular visits. Last year, 2,165 patients were vaccinated in his office. (Photo courtesy of National Foundation for Infectious Diseases)

About eight years


Zinc‐mediated inhibition is implicated in global caspase regulation, with relief of zinc‐mediated inhibition central to both small‐molecule and natively induced caspase activation. As an initiator, caspase‐9 regulates the upstream stages of the apoptotic caspase cascade, making it a critical control point. Here we identify two distinct zinc‐binding sites on caspase‐9. The first site, composed of H237, C239, and C287, includes the active site dyad and is primarily responsible for zinc‐mediated inhibition. The second binding site at C272 is distal from the active site. Given the amino‐acid conservation in both regions, these sites appear to be present across the caspase family underscoring the importance of zinc‐mediated regulation of this class of enzymes.


The development,performances and purposes of aluminum vacuum plated paper as a new kind of green packaging material was reviewed.Its preparation methods and equipments were introduced.The process of aluminum vacuum plated paper by transferring method was expounded.Its major quality problems in manufacturing process were analyzed and the corresponding measures were put forward.


The magnetic properties of a suite of Scotch dykes are given briefly and the results afford a good correlation with their degree of metamorphism. The intensity of remanent magnetisation falls rapidly with increase of metamorphism. The unaltered dyke material described here is believed to be a case of remanent magnetism in the oldest rocks yet mentioned in literature.


5054 Background: Patients with relapsed seminoma are treated with salvage chemotherapy. Current therapeutic options include cisplatin plus ifosfamide based regimens or high dose chemotherapy with PBSCT. At Indiana University HDCE was usually reserved for third line therapy for relapsed seminoma, unless there were visceral metastases or relapse within 3 months of initial chemotherapy. Methods: Retrospective review of 35 consecutive patients with pure seminoma (median 38 yrs; range 23–56 yrs) that received HDCE with PBSCT from 2/96–12/04. Cytoreductive chemotherapy with 0–2 courses of vinblastine, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VeIP) preceeded HDCE. Carboplatin dosage was 700mg/m2 for 3 days plus etoposide 750mg/m2 for 3 days. A second course of therapy was given after hematopoietic recovery. Results: Treatment related mortality was seen only in patients that received two or more prior regimens (median age 45 yrs, range 27–56 yrs) and occurred in 4/35 (11%) patients. One man died of AML at 62 months (see table ...


Objective To observe the side-effects of combined paclitaxel plus carboplatin therapy in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and take the measures for the prevention of these adverse events in order to complete the chemotherapy. Methods 155 elderly patients with definite NSCLC diagnosed by pathological and cytological changes were treated with combined paclitaxel plus carboplatin therapy. The side-effects of chemotherapy were observed and some preventive measures were taken. Results All of 155 elderly patients with NSCLC treated with the combined chemotherapy had gastrointestinal reactions,bone marrow suppression and hepatorenal impairment in some extent. Antiemetic therapy with 5-HT receptor antagonist,leucocytosis treated with G-CSF medicine and hydration,liver protecting therapy and standard operation procedure could reduce the side-effects of the chemotherapy. Conclusions The side-effects of combined paclitaxel and carboplatin in elderly patients with NSCLC can be relieved by effective prophylactic therapy.


The invention relates to a settling, isolating and removing integrated dust prevention method of a fully mechanized excavation face, and is applicable to dust prevention and control of a coal mine underground fully mechanized excavation face. The method comprises the steps that: a foam generator is installed on a fully-mechanized roadheader, a pneumatic dedusting fan is arranged at one side of a laneway, and a wall attaching wind drum is installed at the front end of a pressed-in type wind drum; when the fully-mechanized roadheader works, the foam generator is operated to prepare foam, and the foam is sprayed by a spraying head to a dust source at the cutting part of the fully-mechanized roadheader so as to rapidly settle the dust; the axial air flow in the pressed-in type wind drum is changed by the wall attaching wind drum into a spiral type air flow and then sprayed, so as to prevent the air flow from directly blowing to the foam spraying region to influence the foam track; an air curtain dust isolating region is formed in front of the driver of the fully-mechanized roadheader, so as to effectively prevent dust from diffusing out; and the residual dust in the dust isolating region is removed by starting the pneumatic dedusting fan. According to the invention, foam dust settling, air curtain dust isolating and pneumatic fan dedusting are organically integrated, thus the dust prevention effect of the fully mechanized excavation face is significantly improved, the potential safety hazard brought by using of an electric dedusting fan is avoided, and the method has wide practicability.


literatura multicultural, empatía, Abstract This paper brings to the forefront the notion of values education and the pressing need for teachers and educators to enforce democratic values in our increasingly diverse contemporary societies. I intend to emphasize the opportunities that children's multicultural literature offers for promoting such cross-curricular topics as education for diversity, tolerance or peace. After addressing the issues of values education, the civic potential of literature and the development of multicultural literature for children, four multicultural texts published in the United States will be presented as case studies. These include three picture books, Pat Mora's Tomás and the Library Lady (1997), Naomi Nye's Sitti's Secrets (1994), Toshi Maruki's Hiroshima No Pika (1980), and Toni Morrison's photo-essay Remember: The Journey to School Integration (2004). I will show how these texts promote positive images of minority children, cross-cultural understanding and habits of empathy. Abstract Children's literature in translation has been given special prominence in the editorial market. This paper analyses the links between children's literature in


Market impact is a key concept in the study of financial markets and several models have been proposed in the literature so far. The propagator model posits that the price at high frequency time scales is a linear combination of the signs of the past executed market orders, weighted by a so-called propagator function. This model needs to be extended since prices are a priori influenced not only by the past order flow, but also by the past realization of returns themselves. In this paper, we propose a two-event framework, where price-changing and non price-changing events are considered separately. We show that two-event propagator models provide a remarkable improvement of the description of the market impact, especially for large tick stocks, where the events of price changes are very rare and very informative. Specifically the extended approach captures the excess anti-correlation between past returns and subsequent order flow which is missing in one-event models.


This survey focuses on contemporary Ukrainian literary scholarship and the literary canon through the prism of studies of individual authors. Without attempting to be comprehensive, I shall examine the most prominent and indicative publications of the last twenty years.Before venturing into the corpus of published monographs, I would like to open with a brief overview of Ukrainian literary scholarship through the medium of the dissertation (both for the doctoral and candidate degrees), as these works reflect both the current capacity of educational and research institutions and their participation in the shaping of the literary canon. The Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (henceforth, Vernadsky Library) maintains a valuable internet resource, an electronic catalogue of dissertation abstracts defended in Ukraine between 1998 and 2011.1 A quick thematic search under the rubric "philology" produces an alphabetical list of 4,331 dissertations in a range of disciplines, including linguistics, literary scholarship, pedagogy, journalism, and cultural studies. Of these dissertations, 589 deal with individual authors-mostly on a particular aspect, work, or period of a writer-while a few offer comparative studies of Ukrainian and / or foreign literary figures. This corpus of nearly six hundred dissertations affords us a sense of the field today and allows us to discern the following tendencies in Ukrainian literary scholarship.2First, the list reveals the regional distribution of centres of post-graduate learning where Ukrainian literature is studied and fostered. Taras Shevchenko National University (Kyiv) was by far the largest contributor of post-graduate degrees, serving as the institutional base for 131 dissertations. It is followed by the Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences (65 dissertations), Ivan Franko National University (Lviv; 60 dissertations), Oles' Honchar National University (Dnipropetrovsk; 51 dissertations), Vasyl' Karazin National University (Kharkiv; 45 dissertations), Kirovohrad State Pedagogical University (38 dissertations), Mykhailo Drahomanov National Pedagogical University (Kyiv; 32 dissertations), Volodymyr Hnatiuk Pedagogical University (Ternopil; 30 dissertations), and Vasyl' Stefanyk Prykarpats'kyi National University (Ivano-Frankivsk, 25 dissertations). The numbers indicate something about both the capacity and traditions of the educational institutions and their ability to provide graduate students with access to the mechanisms necessary to satisfy degree requirements (including supervision, conferences, publications, reputation and connections with the Academic Certification Committee in Ukraine, known as VAK). Of course, quantity does not necessarily translate into quality. Far from every dissertation becomes a book, and whether one does depends on the topic, quality of work, and institutional and financial resources available to a particular author. Nonetheless, these numbers confirm Kyiv, Galicia, the South-Central right- bank region, and Sloboda Ukraine as the most prominent regions (demographically, culturally, and institutionally) of academic activity in the field of Ukrainian literature.Second, the corpus of dissertations provides insights into the current canon of Ukrainian literature. Among writers deemed most suitable for post-graduate studies in the last thirteen years, a two-tier ranked list can be derived. Four authors have attracted the largest share of inquiry, with more than twenty dissertations dedicated to their outputs: Ivan Franko (30 dissertations), Lesia Ukrainka (26), Volodymyr Vynnychenko (25), and Taras Shevchenko (23). The dominance of Franko, Ukrainka, and Shevchenko is not surprising-these are the pillars of the Ukrainian literary canon. The fact that there are fewer dissertations on Shevchenko than on Ukrainka and Franko testifies to the challenges faced by anyone who dares address Shevchenko, both in terms of the mass of Shevchenko scholarship and its often highly charged and ideologically invested nature (Shevchenko scholarship is discussed further later in this survey). …


Study Design Retrospective study (level of evidence: level 3). Purpose To study the anatomy of the conus medullaris in Koreans. Overview of Literature The anatomical position of the conus medullaris is well-documented in anatomy textbooks; however, the shape of the conus in the canal rarely described. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study in Korea has not yet assessed the shape of the conus as well as its position in the canal via cadavaric dissection and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods MRI findings of 189 Korean patients aged 2–94 years (93 men and 94 women) were assessed. No subjects from other ethnicities were included. The method proposed by Arai and colleagues was used to assess the termination point and shape of the conus in the canal. The position of the intervertebral disc trisection of the vertebral body closest to the tip of the conus was recorded at the canal level. Results The tip of the conus medullaris was positioned from the upper T12 body to the L2–L3 disc, mostly in L1 bodies (52.4%), followed by the L2 bodies (22.5%), the L1–L2 disc, and the L2–L3 disc (1.1%). The shape of the conus was classified as type A in 74 (39.6%), type B in 58 (31%), and type C in 55 patients (29.4%). The conus did not terminate at the L3 body in any patient. In the first decade ones (five children) conus positioned rather lowly from L1 bodies to L2–L3 disc, and no type A conus shape, and mostly type B (80%). Conclusions The conus medullaris was positioned mostly in the lower one-third of L1 and it in the first decades terminated lowly. No type A in the first decade one, and type B was mostly frequently formed which was followed by type C.


We performed a combined study of He-Ar isotopes and element geochemistry for pyroxene mega- crysts and mantle xenoliths from Cenozoic basalt in the Changle-Linqu area in western Shandong. The results are used to trace the evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle after destruction of the North China Craton. The 3 He/ 4 He ratios of pyroxene megacrysts, websterite, and dunites are 7.0-7.7 Ra, 7.4 Ra, and 7.0-7.7 Ra, respec- tively. They are related to the origin of host basalts, and are slightly lower than that of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). Their 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios are much lower than that of MORB and close to that of air. The lherzolites and wehrlites represent the fragments of the newly accreted lithospheric mantle, and their REE and trace elements indicate that they experienced melt metasomatism and partial melting. The 3 He/ 4 He ratios of their olivine are slightly lower than that of MORB, but 3 He/ 4 He ratios of their clinopyroxene are low (2.3-7.1 Ra) and display an inverse correlation with (La/Yb)N. The 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios of these clinopyroxene are much lower than that of MORB and close to the air ratio. Combining existing studies of petrology, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, O isotopes, trace elements, and Mg isotopes, we infer that the juvenile lithospheric mantle in the Changle-Linqu area was metasomatized by oceanic crust-derived melts, which transfer the supracrustal Ar isotope signatures to the mantle sources. The low 4 He abundance and low 3 He/ 4 He ratios of clinopyroxene in the lherzolites and wehrlites are ascribed to metasomatism by crustal melts from the subducted Pacific plate.


In the proposed work, we develop a Data acquisition system (DAS) for a grid connected PV system that comprises number of PV array connected to a Z-source inverter for integration to the grid. Data acquisition system (DAS) is an important component of design of a Renewable power system. It is needed for collection of several data in order to develop a reliable and stable operation and to determine system performance. Data acquisition system also plays a prominent role to maintain records of generation in order to develop a historical report which gives idea about generation over a period of time. To develop an automation system which is essential these days so that system gets shutdown whenever there is fault in the system needs again estimation of parameter so it is very important to develop a system which not only collects data but also stores data and processes it. The proposed framework comprises of an arrangement of sensors for measuring electrical parameters such as voltage, current and its profile such as harmonics at different section such as PV output, inverter output etc. The gathered information are first adapted utilizing exactness electronic circuits and after that interfaced to a PC utilizing an information obtaining card. The code on LabVIEW is utilized to further process, show and store the gathered information in the PC environment. Z-source inverter has been introduce. Its unique features has been outlined which makes it unique in terms of not only in reduction of system size but also to boost output voltage its features extend to reduced number of switches thus reduced system complexity and nevertheless a single stage operation is observed.
Z-source inverter need a shoot-through mode for boosting output voltage so it's mandatory to use modified PWM with shoot-through so different kind of technique is also being outlined. This helps us choose what kind of technique will be appropriate for what kind of application.
Implementation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) both in MATLAB and LabView has been implemented NI cRIO-9075 has been chosen for data acquisition and to develop PWM for inverter. cRIO has embedded Spartan-6 FPGA chip inbuilt which has sampling frequency of 400Mhz sampling at this frequency is far more sufficient to perform task in real time. cRIO-9075 also has 256MB of in built memory which offers enhanced system performance by allowing to save the program on the memory itself when the program is compiled. This PWM vii signal is fed to VSI inverter and again the output is traced back into the system using cRIO module hence all the data is being acquired and a human user interface (HMI) layout is developed.


Five new alkyl phenols, virenols A~E (1~5), were isolated from the leaves of Ardisia virens. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectral analysis.


A novel approach, radial basis function (RBF) mixed with domain decomposition method (DDM) based on Galerkin finite element method (FEM) has been introduced in our previous work. The proposed method divides the computational domain into a series of rectangular sub-domains, and each sub-domain is taken as a separate calculation area to get the solution expression and shape function by using the point interpolation based on RBF. Then, sub-domains are taken as elements of the Galerkin FEM to approximate the entire solutions. The hybrid approach has been proved as a valid method, and inherited advantages of RBF and FEM. Nevertheless, the shape of sub-domain needs to be rectangular in that work and there are many different shapes in practical problems. More flexible form can be better adapted to electromagnetic problems. Triangular and cubical sub-domains will be investigated, respectively. In order to verify the improved method, several numerical examples including 3-D electromagnetic problem will be computed.


Iodine was combined with whole citrated human blood and with several fractions of this material. Physical and bacteriostatic properties of these iodine compounds were determined and the results are reported.


The article investigates the functioning of indirect speech in the German-language literary text on the basis of a comprehensive philological analysis of novel "The Assistant" and considers the peculiarities of lexical, syntactic and stylistic means of its implementation in terms of the individual creative style of the author. In order to determine the ways of transmitting another's speech, we have analyzed the narrative and character speech microstructures of the novel. It was found that the narrative plan of the text is created by a combination of auctorial and personal narrative situations, which adds semantic ambiguity and ironic tone to the artistic speech of the novel. According to the subtypes of indirect speech proposed by W. Schmid, it was established that "The Assistant" uses "free indirect speech", which differs from indirect speech in violating grammatical and syntactic norms of its use and allows to reproduce character's speech while maintaining its stylistic features. The analysis of constructions with indirect speech showed that the use of interjections, exclamations, colloquial and emotional vocabulary, characteristic of the speech of a particular character, leads to the stylization of the narrator's speech and denotes the implementation of the "free indirect speech" in the novel. It was also shown that the indirect way of transmitting personal speech in the novel allows the narrator to focus on what is to be ironized, and selectively reproduce the content of the conversation, leaving some of the statements of the characters out of consideration. With the help of "free indirect speech" and quoting foreign words, the narrator expresses his ironic attitude towards the engineer-inventor Karl Tobler, whose depiction of the gradual financial collapse is the plot line of the novel, and ridicules the behavior of his assistant Joseph Marty for obedience and thoughtless pursuit of his master's ideas. Within the personal narrative situation, the life of Tobler is ironically depicted from Joseph's perspective, while the perspective of the auctorial narrator determines the drama and ironic unfolding of the plot-event plan of the novel. The results of the study of intratextual communication in the novel "The Assistant" confirmed that the combination of perspectives of the auctorial and personal narrator, the way of transmitting personal speech in the form of "free indirect speech" and quoting foreign words contribute to the communicative-pragmatic effect of the text, which arises as a result of the author's ironic position on the development of the plot line and the characteristics of the characters. postmodernism,


This paper reviews the dynamic traffic assignment models in some well-known computer packages. It describes demand estimation, supply presentation, methods for computing dynamic user equilibria, and convergence among these packages with a concentration on TRANSIMS. TRANSIMS tries to take advantage of both precision and computational speed by estimating second-by-second movements of individual travelers and applying parallel processing and cellular automata methods. Although TRANSIMS addresses some of the existing problems in dynamic traffic assignment models, more studies on it and improvements in it are still needed.


Enrollment at Cornell consists of about 12,000 undergraduate students and 5,000 graduate and professional students. A wide range of disciplines is covered by instruction and research at Cornell and the University competes for students and faculty with the finest academic and research institutions in this country.


Objective:To study relativity between DNA ploid types and param enter of cellular kinetics of bone m arrow in patients with non- Hodgkin's L ym phom a(NHL ) .Methods:DNA contentin bone m arrow cells were measured from32 7patients with NHL after lim ination chem otherapy by flow cytom etry.The relation were analysed between DNA ploid types and the percentage of apoptosis (Apo) and S- phase fraction(SPF) .Results:The DNA ploid of bone warrow cells were classified as diploidy(D,136 cases) and heteroploidy(H,191cases) .The expression rate of Apo in bone m arrow cells from patients with NHL was lower than this of norm al control group(P0 .0 1) .The percent- age of SPF in bone m arrow cells from patients with NHL was higher than that of norm al control group (P0 .0 1) .The precentage of Apo of H bone marrow was lower than this of D bone m arrow (P0 .0 1) .The percentage of SPF in H bonw m arrow was higher than this of D bone m arrow(P 0 .0 1) .In H ploid types of bone marrow,the percentage of Apo cells and SPF cells were significant differentiation among different number of DNA H colony in bone m arrow cells(P0 .0 1) .The per- centag of Apo and H from patients with SPF↑ were lower than those from patints with SPF↓ (P 0 .0 5 ) .Conclusion:It is m ay induced significal decreasing of Apo percentage and significal increasing of SPF in bone marrow cells from patients with NHL .The relation between these changes in bone marrow cells and DNA ploidy types and num ber of DNA H colony were very close.


The high technology emergence in the 1980s coupled with the economic boom of the 1990s, have led to the rapid rise of IT industries located on both sides of the Pacific Rim. In Taiwan, Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP, the so-called "eastern silicon valley") provided entrepreneurs with the low cost physical infrastructure, equally low cost labor and poor environmental regulatory implementation that led to profitable production and world-wide marketing high-tech products. But while investors, managers and researchers who worked within HSIP profited from the enormous growth of the high-tech sector, members of their labor force and local residents suffered. This paper investigates how local residents and high-tech employees have suffered from the environmental impacts and health risks of the IT industry; how those related policies have failed to deal with the social and environmental consequences of the IT industry. It argues that the economic and the consequential political success of the HSIP has cultivated a unique "information technology dominance" climate that has overridden the environmental and health concern within Taiwanese society.


A well-defined modiftcation of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) was realized by radical grafting with hexafluoropropylene (HFP). The structure of grafted product was confirmed by means of IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The effects of the amount of initiator, reaction time and temperature on the grafting HFP onto PTMG were investigated.


Traditionally,metonymy was often regarded as a means of figure of speech.However,in recent years,linguists think that metonymy is not just a means of figure of speech,but a way of people's cognition and behaviors and a phenomenon of language.This article has made an attempt to analyze and understand the origin and cognition of metonymy,the usage of metonymy,its cognition models and categories with some instances offered in order to find its laws of usages in language and offer some inspiration to people.


The Mid-Infrared LAser Heterodyne Instrument (MILAHI), which operates onboard the dedicated Tohoku 60cm telescope (T60) at the summit of Mt. Haleakala, has been designed for investigating the trace gases (Methane, HDO/H2O, etc) in the terrestrial atmospheres, such as Mars and Venus. The limitation to detect such trace gases from the ground-based is mainly due to the difficulty of correcting the atmospheric absorptions in the Earth atmosphere. High spectral resolution of MILAHI (>10E6) enables to retrieve them without any ambiguity due to the reproduction of atmospheric spectra on Earth. In this study, we focus on the detection of methane and HDO/H2O in the Martian atmosphere. As a local oscillator (LO), newly installed quantum cascade laser (QCL) nicely covers 7.7 micron wavelength for these molecules. It is the only IR heterodyne instrument that gives access to new spectral range as compared with previous instruments of this kind.


This essay outlines the responsibilities of the villain as a story engine. The villain acts as an agent of misfortune, damage, or harm to disturb the peace of those happily living their lives. The villain oftentimes dons a disguise to deceive those objects of said villainy. Villains usually cause harm or injury to the families of those they target. The victim unwittingly submits to the villain's deception and thereby helps their enemy. In literary tradition the villain is often defeated and sometimes punished.


: In this work, we describe the ionization module implemented in the PIC code OSIRIS[1]. A benchmark with previously published tunnel ionization results was made. Our ionization module works in 1D, 2D and 3D simulations with barrier suppression ionization or the ADK ionization models, and allows for moving ions. Several illustrative 3D numerical simulations were performed, namely of the propagation of a SLAC 30 GeV electron beam in a Li gas cell, for the parameters of [2]. A systematic study for laser wakefield excitation in a gas target was made, enabling us to determine the laser pulse parameters for optimal acceleration. Detailed comparison with theoretical predictions in a preformed plasma is also provided. Furthermore, we compare the performance of OSIRIS with/without the ionization module. Since the plasma particles are created only after interaction of the laser with the gas particles, the number of simulation particles is strongly reduced, and much less simulation time is usually required when using the ionization module.


Introduction:
 Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the major cause of mortality. One of the main risk factors for this outcome is the persistence of measurable residual disease (MRD) after achieving a remission and prior to ASCT conditioning. Relapse after ASCT occurs due to persistence of the leukemic stem cell (LSCs) population; LSCs have aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, and targeting this pathway has been shown to eradicate LSCs. Therefore, interruption of Hedgehog signaling might impact LSCs and prevent relapse after ASCT. Glasdegib is an inhibitor of Smoothened, a key mediator of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, and is approved for newly diagnosed AML patients. We hypothesized that targeting Smoothened with glasdegib in the post-ASCT setting for patients at high risk for relapse would improve relapse free survival (RFS).
 Methods:
 This was a multi-institution phase 2 pilot clinical trial that enrolled patients between January 2014 and July 2018. Patients were ≥18 years, had AML or MDS, ECOG performance status ≤ 2 and preserved organ function. All patients were enrolled prior to transplant, and were deemed high-risk for post ASCT relapse, defined by one of the following: A)The presence of MRD after remission and prior to conditioning, as measured by multi-parameter flow cytometry (MPFC, Hematologics); B)The persistence of cytogenetic abnormalities; or C)For non-myeloablative transplants, a non-myeloablative transplant relapse risk score >0 (calculated based on 2nd (+1) vs 3rd (+2) complete remission, unfavorable cytogenetics (+1), absence of pre-ASCT peripheral blood count recovery (+0.5), and >18 months from diagnosis to ASCT (+0.5)). 100 mg of glasdegib was given daily starting between days 28-50 post ASCT, after stable engraftment was achieved. Patients were treated continuously for up to 12 months, or until toxicity or relapse. The primary endpoint was one-year RFS. Secondary endpoints included incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs), and one-year overall survival (OS).
 Results:
 31 patients were enrolled; 27 had AML and 4 had MDS. Median age was 58 years (20-71). 20/27 AML patients were deemed high risk by the presence of MRD by MPFC pre-transplant (Table 1). There were 85 AEs deemed related or possibly related to glasdegib and of these 34 were ≥grade 2 (Table 2). The most common related/possibly related ≥grade 2 AEs were cramping/myalgias (23.5%), dysgeusia (11.8%) and anorexia/weight loss, nausea, and diarrhea (all 8.8%). There were no related grade 5 AEs. 19 patients had dose interruptions of glasdegib and 5 were dose-reduced due to related/possibly related AEs. Two patients discontinued glasdegib permanently due to AEs (myalgias and ALT/AST increases, respectively). With median follow up time of 371 days, 1-year and 2-year RFS was 54% and 32%, respectively. 1-year and 2-year OS were 64% and 37%, respectively. Analyzing only AML patients who were high-risk for relapse by MPFC, the 1-year and 2-year RFS were 40% and 17%, respectively, and 1-year and 2-year OFS were 55% and 39%, respectively (Figure 1). One and two year cumulative incidence of treatment related mortality (TRM) for all patients was 10% and 14% respectively, and for AML high-risk by MPFC, 10% and 10% respectively. One and two year cumulative incidence of relapse for all patients was 38% and 53% respectively, and for AML high-risk by MPFC, 50% and 73% respectively.
 Conclusions:
 Previous studies have demonstrated a 1-year RFS of approximately 30% for patients at high risk for post-ASCT relapse as defined by the presence of MRD by MPFC. Using this measure, single-agent glasdegib did not appear to significantly reduce post-transplant relapse for AML and MDS patients at high risk for relapse. Most AEs were not high grade but impacted quality of life; the majority of patients required drug holds, and among patients not experiencing relapse or treatment-related mortality, most required dose reductions and two withdrew due to toxicity. It is imperative to identify well tolerated post-ASCT interventions that can prevent relapse in patients who have risk factors for this outcome.

 Vasu: Boehringer Ingelheim: Other: Travel support; Seattle Genetics: Other: Clinical trial support. Devine:Bristol Myers: Other: Grant for monitoring support & travel support; Magenta Therapeutics: Other: Travel support for advisory board; My employer (National Marrow Donor Program) has equity interest in Magenta; Kiadis Pharma: Other: Protocol development (via institution). Pollyea:Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Diachii Sankyo: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Forty-Seven: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celyad: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

 Glasdegib in the post-transplant maintenance setting


Using two‐port network transmission parameters, we derive exact expressions for the voltage/current gains and the input/output impedances of common amplifier topologies. The derived expressions are valid both for BJT and MOS‐based amplifiers and are independent of any particular small signal transistor model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention relates to a method for producing medium density fibre boards by utilizing waste wood. The method comprises: waste materials are smashed, processed by steam stewing for softening in a stewing tank, then sent to the millstone cavity of a thermofiner for processing by defibrator process to be fibre-shaped wood pulp, the fibre-shaped wood pulp is in a discharge pulp pipe and sent to a tube-typed drier for carrying out airflow drying process by applying glue by a rubber pipe and relying on steam pressure, and then is sent into a pressing machine for hot press molding after being paved by a paver. The method is characterized in that: the waste materials are wood sections containing steel nails and waste furniture boards, the smashing process comprises: a rolling press is adopted for squeezing, kneading and cutting the waste materials, then the waste materials are impacted by a hammer-typed crusher, thus facilitating the wood materials to be crushed into debris and the impurities in the wood materials to be loose and the steel nails to be separated; the crushed materials are screened by a vibration screen for wiping off small sand, stones and dust impurities; iron type metal grains are wiped off in a magnetic separator, suspending and sorting relying on airflow are carried out in a sorter for wiping off the impurities such as sandstones and non-iron metals. By adopting the production method, the waste furniture and the wood sections containing steel nails can be utilized by removing impurity.


We study periodic travelling waves in the Theta model for a linear continuum of synaptically-interacting neurons. We prove that when the neurons are oscillatory, at least one periodic travelling of every wave number always exists. In the case of excitable neurons, we prove that no periodic travelling waves exist when the synaptic coupling is weak, and at least two periodic travelling waves of each wave-number, a `fast' one and a `slow' one, exist when the synaptic coupling is sufficiently strong. We derive explicit upper and lower bounds for the `critical' coupling strength as well as for the wave velocities. We also study the limits of large wave-number and of small wave-number, in which results which are independent of the form of the synaptic-coupling kernel can be obtained. Results of numerical computations of the periodic travelling waves are also presented.


This thesis describes the relationship between adult attachment style, coping strategies, identity development and perception of social support. 107 participants answered four self-report questionnaires examining their attachment style, coping strategies, identity development status and perception of social support. Correlation analyses were used. Results showed secure attachment to significantly positively correlate with identity moratorium and to negatively correlate with identity foreclosure. Avoidant attachment significantly positively correlated with denial and mental disengagement and negatively correlated with seeking social support. Individuals with high avoidant attachment scores were more likely to have high scores for identity diffusion, more likely to perceive fewer available social supports and were less likely to be satisfied with this support. Anxious ambivalence positively correlated with denial and mental, behavioural and alcohol/drug disengagement, and negatively correlated with active and planning which are pro-active coping strategies. Anxious ambivalence positively correlated with identity diffusion and negatively with identity foreclosure. Individuals with high anxious ambivalence scores were more likely to be dissatisfied with social support. Overall, secure attachment was found to correlate with acknowledging the need for an identity search. Insecure attachment was found to relate to less effective coping methods, to correlate with not acknowledging the need for an identity search and dissatisfaction with social support. Results are considered in terms of attachment styles and applications, for example in therapeutic settings.


Startups have recently become an important component of the modern economy, leading to an increase in its innovativeness and providing opportunities for a country to reach the best possible position in the competitive world market. The article is aimed at examining the ecosystems of startups of the countries around the world, their grouping and defining the key driving forces for the development of startups. The methodological basis of the article includes: an overview of international indices and rankings of startup ecosystems; the correlation, cluster, graphic, and statistical analyses. The structure and composition of the main international indices and rankings that characterize the conditions for the development of startups are examined. A correlation analysis of the main indices characterizing the level of development of startup ecosystem and the socioeconomic development of the world countries was carried out. This allowed to determine a noticeable relationship between: indicators of the Index of the most startup-friendly countries around the world and the Global Innovation Index; the number of startups per 1 thousand residents and the Global Startup Ecosystem Index; GDP per capita and the Global Innovation Index. A grouping of countries of the world was carried out using the cluster analysis, which was carried out in accordance with two groups of indicators. The analysis of the first group of indicators (the Index of the most startup-friendly countries in the world, the Global Startup Ecosystem Index and the number of startups per 1 thousand residents) allowed to allocate three clusters according to the level of development of the startup ecosystem: leading countries, potential leaders, and catching up countries. A group of countries that, according to the classification, are leaders in terms of both the development of startup ecosystems and socioeconomic development is defined. The main directions of bridging the gap in the development of startups in both the catching up countries and the developed countries of the world are identified: ensuring the transparency of startup ecosystems and their mutual coordination with the country's innovation policy; promoting entrepreneurial and startup-based thinking in science and research; promoting the formation of a more friendly attitude of society to startups; attracting more employees from the academic, scientific and entrepreneurial spheres, whose activities, in cooperation with the government, should be directed to the development of science-intensive and technological startups.


Objective:To investigate the protective effects of Swertia Punicea on liver injury in mice induced by concanavalin A(Con A).Methods:To measure activities of serum ALT、AST and content of nitric oxide(NO),and to observe changes of the liver index as well as the spleen index.Results:Swertia Punicea obviously inhibited the rising levels of serum ALT、AST and NO,meanwhile decreased the liver index and the spleen index.These results apparently decreased in both high and middle dosage groups of Swertia Punicea.Conclusion:Swertia Punicea have protection liver and decreasing enzyme action on liver injury in mice induced by ConA.It may through the way of suppressing the release of NO.


The Himalayan forests of Uttarakhand represent a natural repository for the rich biodiversity of the Indian subcontinent. Forest resources in this region form an integral part of socio-economy and cultural practices. Mushrooms are forest products which have been used as food for a long time but very few for therapeutic purposes, which is associated to the lack of awareness and knowledge. If properly identified, these mystic organisms can be very promising in prevention and cure of various ailments. The present study is a part of macrofungal exploration carried out from 2015– 2016. As a result, 15 mushroom species are identified which possess a spectrum of bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential. All of these species are morphologically described along with the habit, habitat and notes on their healing capacities.


Objectives. To identify patients at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) by analysis of clinical history. Design. A retrospective study of the Swedish cohort of 15–35 year olds having suffered an SCD during 1992–1999 and having undergone a forensic autopsy (162 individuals). We sought information in forensic, police and medical records and from interviews with family members. Results. Syncope/presyncope, chest pain, palpitations or dyspnoea were present in 92/162, unspecific symptoms such as fatigue, influenza, headache or nightmares in 35/162. Syncope/presyncope was most common (42/162). In 74 seeking medical attention, 32 had an ECG recorded (24 pathological). In 26 subjects there was a family history of SCD. Conclusions. The patient seeking medical advice before suffering an SCD is characterized by one to three of the following: 1) cardiac-related symptoms or non-specific symptoms often after an infectious disease, 2) a pathological ECG, 3) a family history of SCD. In 6 out of 10 a cardiac diagnosis was not considered. We conclude that symptoms preceding SCD were common but often misinterpreted.


The relationship between a subjective evaluation and the corresponding P300 of an event-related potential(ERP) was investigated.The ERP was measured when still TV pictures degraded by a burst noise were subjectively evaluated on a four-grade impairment scale:"Not Annoying","Slightly Annoying","Annoying",and "Very Annoying".Although there was no significant correlation between the opinion scoring and the P300 amplitude,the results showed that large and distinguishable P300 amplitudes appeared when the subjects evaluated a noise as "Very Annoying".


Investment,consumption and net exports are troika of Promote economic growth.For a long time past,Henan provincial economy development mainly relies on the investment demand and extensive economy growth mode,The conflicts between economy with resources and environment are sharper and sharper.The necessity for radical reform of economic growth mode and the role of consumption to drive economic growth should be given full play.


In this study, metal contact on p-type SiC with low specific contact resistance was developed using TiAl. Using fine-tuned TiAl deposition and annealing conditions on p-type SiC, the Ti–Si–C interfacial layer grown on high temperature ion implanted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{P}^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiC is nonuniform and exhibits nonohmic behavior when the contact area becomes smaller than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 10\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This area dependence can be improved through low-energy, room-temperature (LERT) ion implantation and Ar plasma treatment prior to metal deposition. Ar plasma treatment results in a uniform Al–Si–C interfacial layer. Moreover, the defects produced by LERT ion implantation promote trap-assisted tunneling. Through the aforementioned methods, metal contact on p-type SiC with a record-low specific contact resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times 10^{-{5}}\,\,\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm2 at record-small contact area of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.5\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 1.5\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was obtained in this study.


Implementation of intentional islanding can prevent the power system blackout by partitioning the system into feasible sets of islands. The main challenge in determining the optimal islanding solution is the selection of transmission lines to be disconnected (cutsets) to form islands. The islanding solution must be the optimal solution and should not destabilize or cause the system to collapse. Therefore, this work developed a Modified Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (MDPSO) with three- stages mutation technique to determine the optimal intentional islanding solution. An initial solution based heuristic method is used to assists the MDPSO technique to find the optimal islanding solution with minimal power disruption as its objective function. The post- islanding generation-load balance and transmission line power flow analysis are assessed to ensure the steady state stability is maintained in each island. The load shedding algorithm is carried out if generation-load balance criteria are violated. The proposed technique is tested on a modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 39-bus system. The results obtained show that the proposed technique produces an optimal intentional islanding solution with lower power flow disruption compared to other existing methods.