Architects throughout time have designed tree-inspired structures, not only to decorate their creations, but also to explore biomimicry to solve mechanical and structural problems. With the predominance of digital simulation tools, these dendritic-shaped structures are now more easily explored. However, these explorations tend to lack the rationalization required to make them applicable to current production means. In this paper, we take a step back and ensure the connection between the creation and the production of the designs generated with these new digital approaches. The present investigation combines design and analysis tools in search for tree-inspired structures that take advantage of the current techniques of building construction.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Reducing the risk of joint injuries is especially important in combative contact sports such as basketball. Objective: Analyze the joint injuries of college basketball students and outline methods of improving sports skills to prevent sports injuries. Methods: The experimental group used a specific training for basketball skills training and knee joint recovery. The control group remained in ordinary basketball training, lasting 60 minutes, thrice a week for eight weeks. Results: The experimental group increased their squat level from 1.83 to 2.14 after the experiment; in terms of hurdles, there was a change from 2.09 to 2.62, the experimental group increased from 1.37 to 2.48, and in terms of active lower limb lifting, the experimental group increased from 2.19 to 2.72 after the test. Conclusion: The training presented showed a clear effect on the recovery of knee joint function and improvement in the competitive level of college basketball athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


Inequality across demographic groups is high and growing across the Arab region. This has implications for intergenerational mobility, poverty traps for large fractions of population, social polarization, tension and even political instability. This paper evaluates the differentials in household expenditures across rural/urban areas, female/male-headed households, non-educated/educated-headed households and non-employed/employedheaded households, in eleven Household Income and Expenditure surveys from five Arab countries: Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Sudan and Tunisia. Unconditional quantile regressions are used to analyze the differentials across the population distribution and to decompose them by source. Household characteristics and returns to them that are responsible for the expenditure differentials are identified. Systematic trends over time are also evaluated. We find that Egypt, Sudan and Tunisia exhibit relatively high expenditure gaps across urban/rural and educated/non-educated groups, while the gaps in Jordan and Palestine, and those across employed/non-employed and male/female headed households are moderate. Changes in the gaps over time vary across countries and social groups, suggesting that the evolution of inequality is complex. Between 2008 and 2012 the rural/urban and education gaps decreased in Egypt while the gender and employment gaps increased, especially for the highest population decile. In Jordan, between 2006 and 2010, the rural/urban gap decreased across population quantiles, while the employment gap increased. The education gap increased for the poor but decreased for the rich, while the household-gender gap fell for the poor but increased for median and high expenditure households. In Palestine, between 2007 and 2011, the rural/urban gap decreased for the rich while it increased for the poor. The gender and employment gaps decreased for both the poor and the rich, but the education gap increased. In Tunisia, between 2005 and 2010, the rural/urban gap increased both for the rich and the poor. The education gap increased for the poor but decreased for the rich. The employment and gender gaps fell significantly for poor and median-expenditure households but increased slightly for the rich. Overall, education and its return, geographic location, and household composition play an important role in the drive to reduce expenditure differentials across social groups in the 1 Racha Ramadan: Assistant professor at the Faculty of Economics and Political ScienceCairo University. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


The European project METEOR aims at the development of large-grained poly-Si thin-film solar cells on foreign substrates. A two step process has been used to form the poly-Si films: (1) a thin large-grained poly-Si film (seed layer) is prepared by the aluminium-induced layer exchange (ALILE) process and (2) this seed layer is subsequently used as a template for an epitaxial thickening process. Two different concepts have been investigated: (i) a low-temperature approach using glass substrates (T 1000°C). The surface roughness of the ceramic substrates has a negative impact on the ALILE process. The surface roughness can be reduced by the deposition of an additional oxide layer. At high temperatures thermal CVD has successfully been used for epitaxy. At low temperatures about 73% of the area under investigation have been epitaxially thickened by a 400nm ECRCVD grown film because of the preferential (100) orientation of the seed layer. First poly-Si thin-film solar cells have been prepared at low and high temperatures. The best solar cell so far has reached an open circuit voltage of 428mV and an efficiency of 4.2%.


Precise prediction of the binding constant of ligand to receptor is an important aspect of structure-based drug design. Almost all methods including de novo design and 3D database search are over concentrated on structure generation rather than quantitative evaluation of the binding properties of the newly produced molecule. Using epididymal retinoic acid binding protein (ERABP) as a model, we simulated the interaction between retinoids and their receptor with DOCK program and obtained an equation for predicting the binding constants. According to the docking conformers of the ligands, CoMFA was also used to deduce a pharmacophoric model of this series of compound.


(72) Inventors: Agha AHSAN, Milpitas, CA (US); Gazi ALI, Milpitas, CA (US); Khalid System, method, and computer program products are pro AZIM, Milpitas, CA (US); Joel C. vided that can Support touch interaction from multiple users KENT, Fremont, CA (US); Kyu Tak on a large scale projective capacitive (PCAP) display sys SON, Milpitas, CA (US); Robert tem, such as a gaming table. According to an embodiment, WILLIAMS, Milpitas, CA (US); a system includes a touchscreen coupled to a controller. The Yansun XU, Milpitas, CA (US) controller adjusts performance of the touchscreen through dynamically setting a controller parameter to Support altered (21) Appl. No.: 14/871,496 touch reporting in a first area of the touchscreen compared to a second area of the touchscreen. The controller enables (22) Filed: Sep. 30, 2015 touch detection for the first area according to performance


In the present study sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were isolated from the rumen of goats fed a diet of wheat straw and concentrate in 50:50 ratio using specific medium followed by phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization. Based on the biochemical characteristics, four best SRB isolates were evaluated for their efficacy to reduce in vitro CH4 production and stimulate fibre digestion. It was found that true dry matter digestibility (IVTD) and production of metabolites were higher but methane emission was low by inclusion of live culture of SRB4 isolate as compared to control. Sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed 99% homology of SRB4 with Streptococcus caviae strain NR156902. The isolate also exhibited expression of dissimilatory sulphite reductase gene (dsR) gene substantiating sulphate reducing ability of the isolate. The results indicate the ability of SRB4 to reduce in vitro CH4 emissions and improve fibre digestibility, hence can be explored as an effective candidate for microbial feed additive to modify rumen fermentation, so that enteric methane production can be controlled.


Abstract
Hypertension is a condition when the blood pressure rises chronically above 140/90 mmHg. If it isn't treated in the long-term basis, hypertension can cause stroke and coronary heart disease. Nonpharmacological therapy that can be used to lower the blood pressure is warm water feet-soaking hydrotherapy and acupressure massage. The purpose of this study was to compare warm water feet-soaking hydrotherapy and acupressure massage on the blood pressure in primary hypertension. This research used quasi experimental design with time series design approach. The research was conducted at PSTW Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru with 32 samples, divided into 16 intervention group I and 16 intervention group II with purposive sampling technique. The intervention group I was given warm water feet-soaking hydrotherapy for 15 minutes and the intervention group II was given an acupressure massage for 30 seconds. The measuring instrument is a digital sphygmomanometer and observation sheet. The analysis used was univariate analysis to see the frequency and percentage, and bivariate analysis with Wilcoxon Sign test and Mann Whitney test. The results showed the average lowering of systole and diastole blood pressure on intervention group I of 13.45 mmHg and 7.72 mmHg and the intervention group II of 6.5 mmHg and 2.49 mmHg. Statistical test results for intervals I and II showed mean difference of blood pressure systole with p value (0,033) < (0,05) and diastole with p value (0,038) < (0,05). The results showed that warm water feet-soaking hydrotherapy was more effective than acupressure massage to lower the blood pressure on primary hypertension patients.
Keywords: Primary hypertension, warm water feet-soaking hydrotherapy, acupressure massage, blood pressure
References: 48 (2005-2017)


Two diploid interspecific Colllisia hybrids with interchange complexes, one with a complex of four chromosomes and the other with one of six, yielded spontaneous amphidiploids with a maximum number of two quadrivalents; two spontaneous interspecific triploids had a maximum number of two trivalents Chromosome associations in the amphidiploids and in the triploid hybrids were explained by assuming a preferential pairing of structurally identical homologs.


The induction motor is renowned as one of the most motors commonly used in an industry where rapid response and high control precision are needed for a wide range of speeds. In this paper, a field oriented control method (FOCM) has been used to obtain a higher control efficiency by dividing the stator current into torque and field control components, including the space vector pulse width modulation (SV-PWM) technology. FOCM also reduces the harmonics of the inverter output signal and allows the best use of DC voltage. This paper aims to enhance the speed response during a sudden change in load torque or reference speed. The Dolphin Algorithm (DA) is used to find the best parameters of the control circuit in both the current and voltage controllers of the FOCM to improve the motor speed response using two objective functions which are Mean Average Error (MAE) and Mean Error (ME). Simulation results for dolphin-PI controllers show the trial superiority by noting PI controllers error and decrease the delay time during the state change.


The rapid development of the business world, followed by high levels of competition between companies requires management companies, especially large trading company to be able to produce products which have a good brand image in other to survive and to continue to develop their business. In modern marketing system, a product is not only important to be given a brand but also be able to give a good impression on consumers mind so that consumers ultimately decide to make a purchasing


The invention the surface of the skin tissue by rough negative pressure in constituting the massager ( Hand-operated roller that slides in close contact with 部) having a structure the sound pressure and adhesion function of allowing inside head portion chamber to enhance the massage function to give a soft touch, while subjected to contraction and relaxation operation and lifting operation at the same time massage intended to provide the device. The roller shaft, the guide groove, the lifting piece, a spring, a protrusion, a long hole, the top surface, confidentiality chin


As postmodern historical novels dramatizing slavery and its legacy in the anglophone Caribbean islands, Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) and Caryl Phillips's Cambridge (1993) problematize Englishness as a national and cultural identity that may or may not be dependent upon race and also reject the Creole as an identity subordinate in status to that of European.1 By questioning the prevailing nineteenth century assumption of an inherent relationship linking the observable geographical boundaries of a state and the essential character of its national culture, Cambridge destabilizes Englishness as a homogeneous racial signifier for whiteness in its depiction of London as a bustling metropolis with a small but visible population of Black Britons, while Wide Sargasso Sea portrays Creole Jamaican society, black and white, at a moment of crisis, on the eve of the arrival of the first wave of indentured servants from India.2 Both novels suggest that social demarcations between English and Creole cultural identities are artificial because they ultimately depend on chance—on the geographical accident of a given person's or character's place of birth. However, neither text denies the historical racial and social hierarchies enforced by English planters and civil servants in the West Indian colonies


used to determine activity towards 4-hydroxy-2-nitro- phenyl and 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl sulphates, the anionic forms of the liberated phenols being estimated spectro- photometrically at a wavelength of 540 m. Enzyme activity towards all other substrates was determined by estimating liberated sulphate by the method of Dodgson & Spencer (1953). Except where otherwise stated, incubation of enzyme and substrate was for 1 hr. at 37.50 in the presence of 0-5m-acetate buffer adjusted to the appropriate pH. One unit of arylsulphatase B activity is defined as that which liberates 1,ug. of nitrocatechol in 1 hr. at from 0-01M-NCS in the presence of 0 5M-acetate buffer, pH 6-1. Determination Rose-brough,


Ecological protection's base is ecological monitoring and investigation while its sticking point is the assessment for ecosystem health whose indexes include organization, structure, vitality, resilience, impacts on neighbor ecosystems, and human health. The types can be defined as healthy, fairly healthy, sub -healthy, non-healthy and broken, and the corresponding eco-restoration methods are eco - prevention, natural restoration, eco -reparation, and eco -rebuilding, its corresponding eco-engineering measures are building natural reserves, closing conservation, resowing and freeing artificial propagated fish and shrimps, man-made forest, sown pasture and man-made wetlands.


This is the first part of a two-part article summarizing the results of a study about why and how some businesses use "planned early dispute resolution" systems.


Aiming at the difficulties in traditional procedure,this paper presents two new methods of network traffic abnormity detection for DDoS.From an investigation on the fractal parameters of network traffics,Hurst and it's time variable function Hurst(t) and Holder and it's time variable function Holder(t),the changes in Self-Similarity and Multi-fractal brought by traffic abnormity are analyzed.The detected abnormal changes in Hurst(t) and Holder(t) are used to determine network traffic abnormity.The investigation indicates that the statistical analysis of net-work traffic will benefit the detection and protection against the attack launched by DDoS.


We present a measurement of the ttbar production cross section in ppbar collisions at root(s) = 1.8TeV by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The measurement is based on data from an integrated luminosity of approximately 125 pb^-1 accumulated during the 1992-1996 collider run. We observe 39 ttbar candidate events in the dilepton and lepton+jets decay channels with an expected background of 13.7+-2.2 events. For a top quark mass of 173.3GeV/c^2, we measure the ttbar production cross section to be 5.5+-1.8 pb.


This paper addresses the problem of multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) for discrete-time linear parameter varying (LPV) systems that are affected by parametric uncertainty. The MMAE system relies on a finite number of local observers, each designed using a selected model (SM) from the set of possible plant models. Each local observer is an LPV Kalman filter, obtained as a linear combination of linear time invariant (LTI) Kalman filters. It is shown that if some suitable distinguishability conditions are fulfilled, the MMAE will identify the SM corresponding to the local observer with smallest output prediction error energy. The convergence of the unknown parameter estimation, and its relation with the varying parameters, are discussed. Simulation results illustrate the application of the proposed method.


The free energy of adsorption (S°), and the surface area of adsorption (AS) on silica and alumina surfaces of 17 carboxamide fungicides was determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using silica and alumina stationary phases. The relationships between the measured physicochemical parameters of analytes and the relationships between these parameters and 29 computed physicochemical characteristics were calculated by linear regression analysis and the Fisher's test. It was found that the adsorption characteristics of stationary phases are significantly different while the similar parameters of carboxamide derivatives showed marked similarities. It was further established that in the majority of cases the computed and measured physicochemical parameters are not correlated. This finding indicates that the free energy of adsorption and the surface area of adsorption can be used as new independent variables in both Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure Retention Relationship (QSRR) studies.


Over the last four decades, the Indonesian state has effectively combined rapid economic growth with significant reductions in poverty, i.e. pro-poor growth. This paper argues that the effective reduction of poverty resulted from rapid agricultural growth. This in turn was the result of a strategy of development involving significant agricultural investment. It will be argued that the ruling elite chose this path because it was dependent on agriculture for its political survival and a backlog of agricultural technology was readily available. Without the latter, Indonesia would likely have followed an extractive strategy with respect to agriculture (similar to Africa).


Pierre Liardet was a unique person, as a mathematician, as a friend and also as a collaborator. In papers like this often the life and work of the deceased is explained in some detail; see for example the nice and well-written obituary on Pierre's life and work by Guy Barat, Peter Grabner and Peter Hellekalek ([BGH]), or Pierre's own obituary of Gérard Rauzy ([L55, L56]). Here I hardly will do this and take a more personal approach and will speak about this complex and unique man as I remember him.


The causes of electromagnetic interference in the LED devices barrage defined their harmonic structure , it is shown  that the use of existing schemes and designs of fire ignition control does not provide electromagnetic compatibility with existing systems in terms of how the network and atmospheric interference .  Research methods and techniques EMI suppression identified ways to reduce the noise level. According to a study for the proposed noise control device made on the basis of a broadband low-frequency filter .


This paper presents Gert Biesta's ontological critique of 'the global evidence movement', and performs a critique of his use of systems theory as a foundation for his ontological counter-position. ...


As a potential cathode material for Li-ion batteries, olivine-type lithium iron phosphate has been paid close attention in the past 10 years, which is cheap, non-toxic, environmental friendly and has higher theoretical capacity (170 mAh·g-1) and voltage (about 3.5 V, vs.Li/Li+), good stability both at room temperature and higher temperature. This paper summarized the synthetic methods for the preparation of LiFePO4 , including higher temperature solid-phase process, low temperatureliquid-phase process, aqueous co-precipitation method, hydrothermal synthesis and the others, two possible models for lithium extraction/insertion within a given particle in the LiFePO4 system, modification with doping materials to enhance specific capacity at high current density, and the prospect of this new type cathode material.


The photo-induced ring opening reactions of thymine (Thy) and 1-methylthymine (MeT) with ammonia and with methylamine (MA) at basic pH, and the subsequent ring closure reactions of the resulting adducts, have been studied. In the photo-induced reaction of Thy with ammonia, the dominant product is the E form of N-carbamoyl-3-amino-2-methylacrylamide ( IIIa ). Heating or acid treatment of aqueous IIIa results in rapid formation of Thy as final product, while allowing IIIa to stand at 4 °C produces Thy and two isomeric Thy hydrates, namely trans - and cis -6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine ( Ia and IIa ). The main products in the other reactions have analogous structures and undergo analogous ring closure reactions. Incubation of IIIa (and similar adducts) in phosphate buffer near pH 7 significantly enhances the rate of hydrate formation; other weak acid/conjugate base buffer systems also increase the rate of hydrate formation. A mechanism leading from opened ring adduct ( e.g. IIIa ) to hydrates ( e.g. Ia and IIa ) is proposed; ring closure leads initially to a dihydrothymine intermediate containing a 6-amino moiety, while further reaction with water produces the observed hydrates. The results described may be relevant to understanding the fate of cross-links generated by photo-induced reaction of thymine moieties in DNA with lysine residues in nuclear proteins ( e.g. histones) when they are formed in a cellular environment. Decomposition of such cross-links, catalyzed by cellular phosphate, could lead to production of thymine hydrates attached to lysine residues contained in the protein partner and concurrent generation of an apyrimidinic site in the DNA partner.


Decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms using predefined reference points have shown good performance in many-objective optimization. Unfortunately, almost all experimental studies have focused on problems having regular Pareto fronts (PFs). Recently, it has been shown that the performance of such algorithms is deteriorated when facing irregular PFs, such as degenerate, discontinuous, inverted, strongly convex, and/or strongly concave fronts. The main issue is that the predefined reference points may not all intersect with the PF. Therefore, many researchers have proposed to update the reference points with the aim of adapting them to the discovered Pareto shape. Unfortunately, the adaptive update does not really solve the issue for two main reasons. On the one hand, there is a considerable difficulty to set the time and the frequency of updates. On the other hand, it is not easy to define how to update the search directions for an unknown PF shape. This article proposes to approximate irregular PFs using a set of predefined normal-boundary intersection (NBI) directions. The main motivation behind this article is that when using a set of well-distributed NBI directions, all these directions intersect with the PF regardless of its shape, except for the case of discontinuous and/or degenerate fronts. To handle the latter cases, a simple interaction mechanism between the decision maker (DM) and the algorithm is used. In fact, the DM is asked if the number of NBI directions needs to be increased in some stages of the evolutionary process. If so, the resolution of the NBI directions that intersect the PF is increased to properly cover discontinuous and/or degenerate PFs. Our experimental results on benchmark problems with regular and irregular PFs, having up to fifteen objectives, show the merits of our algorithm when compared to eight of the most representative state-of-the-art algorithms.


. Conflicting information, arising from prior misspecification or outlying observations, may contaminate the posterior inference in Bayesian modelling. The use of densities with sufficiently heavy tails usually leads to robust posterior inference, as the influence of the conflicting information decreases with the impor-tance of the conflict. In this paper, we study full robustness in Bayesian modelling of a scale parameter. The log-slowly, log-regularly and log-exponentially varying functions as well as log-exponential credence (LE-credence) are introduced in order to characterize the tail behaviour of a density. The asymptotic behaviour of the marginal and the posterior is described and we find that the scale parameter given the complete information converges in distribution to the scale given the non-conflicting information, as the conflicting values (outliers and/or prior's scale) tend to 0 or 8 , at any given rate. We propose a new family of densities defined on R with a large spectrum of tail behaviours, called generalized exponential power of the second form (GEP 2 ), and its exponential transformation defined on p 0 , 8q , called log-GEP 2 , which proves to be helpful for robust modelling. Practical considerations are addressed through a case of combination of experts' opinions, where non-robust and robust models are compared.


We prove the rationality of multiple Hecke series and multiple zeta functions of the multiplicative groups of simple algebras over local fields, as well as the Shimura conjecture concerning the rationality of Hecke series and zeta functions of symplectic groups over local fields.


1. The Changing Law of Church and State 2. The Human Rights of Religious Associations 3. The Constitution of Religious Bodies 4. Ministers of Religion 5. Public Religion 6. Regulated Rites 7. Chaplaincies 8. Faith Schools 9. Faith-Based Welfare 10. Access to Public Discourse 11. In Search of Principle


This article presents the results of work related to the power supply system for 10kW electric, rental go-kart. The research took into account a few types of battery cells. For the case study, the best option was chosen taking into account the restrictions included in the multicriteria analysis for further application. Chosen BLDC motor and battery type were tested on test stands and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation model allowed to compare the characteristics from test stands and simulation and next tune the model. Minimum capacity of the batteries had to allow for at least 20 minutes of drive. Chosen elements: electric motor, motor controller, battery cells, BMS allowed to build the first prototype. Tests in real conditions showed the difference between simulation and research system. We could notice what to improve to tune the simulation model and the kart power supply system.


Professional exhaustion promotes clinical signs and symptoms that characterize Burnout Syndrome. This situation is a consequence of an experience of chronic stress, promoting reduced quality of life, lower functionality and physical and psychological illness. The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic, work and psychosocial factors related to the development of Burnout syndrome and impaired quality of life of students and teachers in Brazil. This is an integrative literature review, using the PICO strategy, in the databases: PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online - SCIELO and Latin American Literature on Health Sciences - LILACS. The following Health Sciences (DeCS) Descriptors were used: "Burnout, Psychological"; "Quality of Life" and "Brazil". The results included in the results were 25 studies for analysis. The sample consisted of medical students (40%), students from other areas of knowledge (16%), university professors (8%) and teachers from elementary or high schools (36%). The prevalence of Burnout syndrome in the Brazilian academic environment ranged from 0 to 60%. The specific percentages for different groups were: 12 to 44% for medical students; 0 to 10.89% among students from other areas; 30.6 to 60% for university professors; and 17.6 to 31% among elementary or high school teachers. In view of the results found, burnout syndrome has a great impact on the various actors in the student context.


The differential quadrature method(DQM) is an efficient numerical one to solve the boundary/initial value problems because of its mathematical simplicity,decreased amount of computation,easy programming and high precision.The method is extended to the stability analysis of elastically-supported fluid conveying pipelines.The numerical computation results showed that DQM has a unique merit to the dynamic analysis of the characteristics of the fluid conveying pipelines concerning with the fluid structures interaction(FSI).Discusses the stability of such pipelines under common end constraining conditions and the effects of both torque spring and linear spring coefficients on the pipelines' stability.Some preliminary conclusions are thus drawn involving the design of such pipelines and relevant reliability analysis,which are available for technological reference.


Varying loading conditions of aircraft structures result in stress concentration at fastener holes, where multi-layered components are connected, potentially leading to the development of hidden fatigue cracks in inaccessible layers. High frequency guided waves propagating along the structure allow for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of such components, e.g., aircraft wings. Experimentally the required guided wave modes can be easily excited using standard ultrasonic wedge transducers. However, the sensitivity for the detection of small, potentially hidden, fatigue cracks has to be ascertained. The type of multi-layered model structure investigated consists of two adhesively bonded aluminum plate-strips with a sealant layer. Fatigue experiments were carried out and the growth of fatigue cracks at the fastener hole in one of the metallic layers was monitored optically during cyclic loading. The influence of the fatigue cracks of increasing size on the scattered guided wave field was evaluated. The sensitivity and repeatability of the high frequency guided wave modes to detect and monitor the fatigue crack growth was investigated, using both standard pulse-echo equipment and a laser interferometer. The potential for hidden fatigue crack growth monitoring at critical and difficult to access fastener locations from a stand-off distance was ascertained. The robustness of the methodology for practical in situ ultrasonic monitoring of fatigue crack growth is discussed.


Through overtraining and carbohydrate supplementation in conditions of the different blood gluecoses and the muscle glycogen,sugar transport and PKB activity changes in skeletal muscle of rats after over exercises were observed.The purpose was to explore the mechanism of overtraining,and to provide theoretical basis in research and development for the prevention of overtraining means and methods from the molecular level.


Copyright is one of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that aims to provide protection to the creator. When discussed about the ownership of a copyright song is different from other rights in IPR, especially regarding moral rights that actually need to be obtained by the songwriter. Therefore, the author is interested in taking the title of Legal Review regarding Copyright Regarding Moral Rights as One of the Exclusive Rights To Songwriters.  Based on the title, the purpose of the research raised is: To find out the moral rights obtained by songwriters based on laws and regulations. The nature of this research is descriptive, namely by studying, explaining the rules related to the problems raised. In addition, in the writing taken secondary data by collecting data from the library, then using data materials such as: First, primary data materials are regulations related to Copyright; Second, secondary data materials are books, papers, thesis, journals related to Copyright; Third, tertiary data material is an English dictionary.


This article describes the framework for a sign maintenance system (SMS) being developed to assist State and local highway organizations involved in the design, management, maintenance, and research of retroreflective traffic signs. The system components are outlined, results of a preliminary evaluation are presented, and ongoing and future research efforts are discussed. Possible applications of the SMS as it now exists are described, and some conclusions are drawn as to what additional work is required for the system to become fully operational.


This paper proposes a Differential Evolution Particle Swarm Optimization (DEPSO) algorithm for solving the optimal power flow problem with voltage stability constraint. The DEPSO employs features of both Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the development of hybrid algorithm. The Newton-Raphson method solves the power flow problem. The feasibility of the proposed approach was tested on IEEE 30-bus system with the quadratic cost characteristics. Several cases were investigated to test and validate the robustness of the proposed method in finding the optimal solution. The simulation results demonstrate that the DEPSO provides very remarkable results compared to original DE, PSO and other methods reported in the literature recently.


The recent development of low-phytate barley offers the possibility of improving fermentation efficiency and reducing the need for mineral supplementation in the brewhouse. Three barley lines have been developed with ≈50, 25, and 5% of normal phytate. The lines have a Harrington background, which increases the probability of producing barley with good malting quality from the lines. Samples of Harrington and the three lines were malted and tested for quality, including zinc and magnesium usage during fermentation. Effects of zinc supplementation at mashing-in and kettle-full also were investigated. The low-phytate lines all had adequate malt quality and were similar to Harrington. The 5% of normal phytate wort (not supplemented) had significantly higher levels of zinc and magnesium than the other three samples. Worts from the 50 and 25% of normal phytate lines also had significantly higher levels of magnesium than the Harrington wort. The 5% of normal phytate worts, both the control and mash-supplemented, used significantly more zinc during fermentation than all other worts. The mash-supplemented wort from the 50% of normal phytate malt also used significantly more zinc during fermentation than the 25% of normal phytate or Harrington worts. There were no significant differences in zinc usage among the worts supplemented at kettle-full. The low-phytate trait showed an insignificant tendency to improve fermentation, as measured by apparent attenuation limit, supporting further testing of low-phytate malts with pilot-scale brewing facilities and higher gravity worts in which minerals more likely would be limiting.


While awaiting the launch of the next resupply spacecraft, the station's crew participated in a range of biomedical experiments Tuesday.


The kinetics of electron transfer from phenylhydrazine(S) to tris-(dimethylglyoximato) nickelate(IV), Ni(dmg) (dmg2− = dimethylglyoximate dianion), have been studied in aqueous medium in the range of 6.21 ⩽ pH ⩽ 12.2. The kinetics exhibit a pseudo-first-order disappearance of Ni(dmg) when excess S is present. The pseudo-first-order rate constants kobs are almost linearly dependent on [S]0 for varying concentrations of the reductant. At constant [S]0, the kobs−pH profile is U shaped. The kobs values register a decrease as the [H+] is increased in the pH range of ∽12.2–9.5, remain almost constant (minimum) in the range of ∽9–8, and then again linearly increase as [H+] is increased in the pH range of ∽7–6.21. Results are interpreted in terms of a probable mechanism involving outer-sphere electron transfer from the phenylhydrazine and phenylhydrazinium cation species to the unprotonated and one-protonated species of the Ni(IV) complex. The reduction rate appears to be dependent on the nature of the species (unprotonated and one-protonated) of the oxidant Ni(IV) complex. The phenylhydrazinium cation reduces the Ni(IV) complex at least one order of magnitude faster than does the neutral reductant species. The major product of the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by the Ni(IV) complex is 4-hydroxyazobenzene with a small amount of phenol.


The article characterizes different approaches to sentence structure in modern linguistics, including Asian. All exisacg theories describing sentence structure, namely the so-called traditional grammar, componential grammar, dependency relations grammar and Teniers grammar have been carefully studied and analyzed. The article may prove of use for the graduate and postgraduate students as well as for specialists in general linguistics.


The aim of this article is to analyze the alternation of polticial parties in the government which has taken place in Argentina, Brasil, Chile and Uruguay since the democratic transition until now, taking into account the hypotheses that link changes in party systems with the dynamic of ideological competition between them. This article is also aimed at sheding light on the impact of the government processes on the ideological dynamic of the party system, particularly, the impact produced on the polarization level of the system since leftist political parties came to power.


Investigations of the influence of constant and alternating magnetic fields (MF) in the course of healing process after corneal injuries are relatively scanty [1,4,6,7,9-11]. Studies of the effect of impulse MF (IMF) on corneal traumatic lesions are almost absent although many authors report that these IMF possess the highest biological activity among all kinds of MF [2,3,5,12-17]. We failed to find any communication in the literature available about the influence of IMF of various shape and frequency of impulse reiteration on perforations of the cornea. This was the reason for the decision to perform an experimental investigation of the role of IMF of saw-like shape and different frequency of impulse reiteration on the course of healing process in cases with perforative corneal trauma. both


riches of sound. For those who may not be convinced by Johnson's meticulous transcription, there is good news: a complete recitation of the epic by Jeli Fa-Digi Sisòkò accompanies the book (but is sold separately). The bilingual book and CD together will certainly open new roads to an appreciation of (performances of) oral epics. Johnson must be lauded, again after his 1997 (co-edited) anthology on African epics, for his dedication to providing scholars, teachers, and students with the tools to experience, more than ever before, the literary, aesthetic, and cultural riches of the Sunjata epic.


FIELD: rolled stock production. SUBSTANCE: method comprises steps of applying article in the form of belt subjected to tension effort to angular sector of measuring roll having several test zones spaced one from other by some distance; mounting in each test zone pickup for transmitting measurement signal at each revolution under load; comparing transmitted signal with reference one for evaluating in each lengthwise zone of belt data defining tension effort applied to respective zone. According to invention two values (i1, i2) of signals transmitted by each pickup at condition without load before passing of respective test zone through angular sector of applying belt and after it respectively and reference value (i0) used for comparison with signal value (i) measured at load presence by means of each pickup are formed at each revolution due to combining signal values i1, i2 at condition without load. Reference value i0 may be formed as arithmetic mean value of values i1, i2. EFFECT: enhanced accuracy of measuring load distribution of rolled belt with elevated temperature. 7 cl, 10 dwg


The problem of the genesis of valuesemantic sphere of the person is discussed, it focuses on the transition from preschool to primary school age. The question of the presence of prerequisites of development of valuesemantic sphere of the person at the senior preschool age is studied. The results of the research of types of value orientation and desires of boys and girls of the senior preschool age are presented.


Currently, the world avocado industry relies almost solely on phosphorous acid to control Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot. Alternative chemicals must be sought to prevent any potential resistance from developing. The present study examined the use of liquid potassium silicate for activity against several types of phytopathogenic fungi. In-vitro dose-responses towards soluble potassium silicate (20.7% silicon dioxide) were determined for Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. capsici, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium F-group, Mucor pusillus, Drechslera spp, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Alternaria solani, Colletotrichum coccodes, Verticillium fungicola, Curvilaria lunata and Stemphylium herbarum. The standard agar amended method was used for these tests. Inhibition of mycelial growth was dose-dependant with 100% inhibition at 80 ml (pH 11.7) and 40 ml (pH 11.5) soluble silicon (20.7% silicon dioxide) per litre of agar, for all fungi tested in two experiments with the exception of Drechslera at 40 ml in one experiment. In addition, for the fi rst experiment, Colletotrichum coccodes, Mucor pusillus, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora cinnamomi were completely inhibited at 5, 10 and 20 ml of soluble silicon per litre of agar. For the second experiment, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora cinnamomi were completely inhibited at concentrations between 5 and 80 ml soluble silicon per litre of agar. For both experiments, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium F-group, Drechslera spp, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Alternaria solani, Verticillium fungicola, Curvularia lunata and Stemphylium herbarum were partially inhibited at 5, 10 and 20 ml soluble silicon per litre of agar but percentage inhibition was positively correlated with dosage concentrations. Soluble silicon raised the pH of unameliorated agar from 5.6 to 10.3 and 11.7 at concentrations of 5 and 80 ml silicon per litre of agar respectively. Subsequent investigations into the effect of pH 10.3 and 11.7 in the absence of silicon, showed that Phytophthora cinnamomi was only partially inhibited (12.6%) at pH 10.3. Clearly, silicon had an inhibitory effect on fungal growth in vitro and this was mostly fungicidal. Pot and fi eld trials are necessary to confi rm effi cacy of silicon against plant pathogenic fungi in vivo.


1,5-Dimethoxycarbonyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethenoanthracene was synthesized by the reaction of 1,5-dimethoxycarbonylanthracene with dichloroethylene followed by dechlorination with zinc-copper couple. Optical resolution of l,5-dicarboxy-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethenoanthracene prepared from the dimethyl ester could be achieved by strychnine to give optically pure (−)-dicarboxylic acid and (+)-diacid with an optical purity of 87.3%. Catalytic reduction of (−)-dicarboxylic acid afforded (−)-ethano-dicarboxylic acid. Transformation of the carboxyl groups in various substituent groups to give optically active C2-symmetrical etheno- and ethanoanthracene derivatives belonging to the same series of absolute configuration as that of the starting material is described.


As one of the learning sources, textbooks play an important role in English teaching and learning process to facilitate students in knowing and obtaining teaching materials easily. Currently, the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesian revised the 2013 curriculum which is students are required to think deeply to develop their cognitive competence and to emphasize their critical thinking. The purpose of this study is to get a distribution of the Higher-order thinking skills on KTSP textbook that is still used as a reference many schools the book's title is Developing English Competencies for grade X. The study focuses on analysing the questions using question word based on the revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The researcher used content analysis research design. Moreover, the researcher used indicator references of cognitive higher-order thinking skills in the language classroom and the table checklist used. The result of the distribution on HOTS and LOTS are as follow. There are 7 questions from 64 questions word or 10,9% (HOTS) there are 57 questions from 64 question word or 89,1% (LOTS). Hence, the distribution of HOTS reading exercises is lower than the distribution of LOTS reading exercises in Developing English Competencies Textbook.
Keywords: English textbook; HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill); Bloom's Taxonomy


Formation of tubular structures relies upon complex interactions between adjacent epithelium and mesenchyme. In the embryonic testes, dramatic compartmentalization leads to the formation of testis cords (epithelium) and the surrounding interstitium (mesenchyme). Sertoli cells, the epithelial cell type within testis cords, produce signaling molecules to orchestrate testis cord formation. The interstitial fetal Leydig cells, however, are thought only to masculinize the embryo and are not known to be involved in testis cord morphogenesis. Contrary to this notion, we have identified activin A, a member of the TGF-β protein superfamily, as a product of the murine fetal Leydig cells that acts directly upon Sertoli cells to promote their proliferation during late embryogenesis. Genetic disruption of activin βA, the gene encoding activin A, specifically in fetal Leydig cells resulted in a failure of fetal testis cord elongation and expansion due to decreased Sertoli cell proliferation. Conditional inactivation of Smad4, the central component of TGF-β signaling, in Sertoli cells led to testis cord dysgenesis and proliferative defects similar to those of Leydig cell-specific activin βA knockout testes. These results indicate that activin A is the major TGF-β protein that acts directly on Sertoli cells. Testicular dysgenesis in activin βA and Smad4 conditional knockout embryos persists into adulthood, leading to low sperm production and abnormal testicular histology. Our findings challenge the paradigm that fetal testis development is solely under the control of Sertoli cells, by uncovering an active and essential role of fetal Leydig cells during testis cord morphogenesis.


FIELD: automotive industry; automobile safety devices. SUBSTANCE: gas generator has housing, ignition member placed inside and space for receiving gas forming material. Space is formed by closed reactor for taking in combusted liquefied gas. Gas generator has also special chamber to evacuate gases formed at combustion of liquefied gas from housing, puncturable diaphragm arranged in the chamber, space located between reactor and puncturable diaphragm and pierce located in space and provided with through channel for piercing reactor wall at activating of ignition member. Ignition member is located on end of space turned from reactor. EFFECT: improved safety. 5 cl, 4 dwg


Diabetes Mellitus: At Least Two Distinct Entities In the December 1979 issue of DIABETES appears the "Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Other Categories of Glucose Intolerance," developed by the National Diabetes Data Group. This important document provides definitions and criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes and other forms of carbohydrate intolerance, including criteria for the performance and interpretation of oral glucose tolerance tests and blood glucose determinations. Most important, however, it emphasizes that diabetes mellitus constitutes at least two distinct entities— "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (IDDM) and "noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM). Although recognizing that this is neither a new categorization nor a complete one (in that other categories and subcategories exist and will require further definition as data accumulate), the Data Group classification again calls attention to the fact that these two types of diabetes are very distinct and require very different forms of therapy.


Two varieties of apple trees received several spray applications of a highly refined lubricating oil during the months of July and August. No injury to foliage or fruit was observed from these late sprays. The leaves on these trees were darker green, appeared more vigorous, and exhibited a later leaf drop than those of either unsprayed trees or trees which received other sprays. Chemical analysis disclosed the fact that the oil sprayed leaves of both varieties contained appreciably more chlorophyll than did the leaves from the unsprayed trees.


By offering unprecedented flexibility for wireless communications, Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is an enabling technology for distributed platforms such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) and cognitive radio. We propose a network of SDR devices with sensing and computation capabilities without relying on a centralized architecture to monitor and develop a detailed representation of network behavior in the radio frequency spectrum. This network representation provides a foundation for the task of anomaly detection for security purposes, in which SDRs collect the data needed to identify adversarial actors in a selected environment. We present and evaluate a novel distributed anomaly detection scheme for SDRs that applies Round Robin Learning (RRL) and Random Exchange Learning (REL) strategies to a type of machine learning model known as an autoencoder. In doing so, participating devices fill in gaps in a single model's data representation, in order to build a model closer to that achieved through centralized training, while maintaining the advantages of distributed systems. The distributed architecture developed improves network robustness, decreases the amount of intranetwork communication, and preserves privacy of individual SDR subnetworks. Furthermore, it was found to consistently raise the average anomaly detection performance for groups of participating devices without exchanging any training data.


We have previously reported that nanoinjection of angiotensin‐(1–7) [Ang‐(1–7)] into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) attenuates the cardiovascular response evoked by acute stress in rats. In this study we evaluated the contribution of Mas receptor in the anti‐stress effect produced by Ang‐(1–7) in the BLA. Under tribromoethanol anesthesia (250 mg/Kg i.p.), bilateral guide cannulas were implanted targeting the BLA of Wistar rats (n=5–6) for nanoinjection of saline (100 nl), Ang‐(1–7) (25 pmol/100 nl) or Ang‐(1–7) + A‐779 (25pmol+50pmol, 100 nl). Four days later, arterial lines were implanted for cardiovascular recordings. After 24h, nanoinjections into the BLA were performed followed by air jet stress (10L/min‐10min). In the saline group, stress evoked increases in MAP and HR (137±25 bpm; 24±2 mmHg). The attenuation of the tachycardia produced by Ang‐(1–7) was reversed by A‐779 [(Ang‐(1–7) −5±13 bpm vs. A‐779+Ang‐(1–7) 114±17 bpm, P<0.001]. The same was observed for the pressor response [Ang‐(1–7) 2±2 mmHg vs. A‐779+Ang‐(1–7) 15±1 mmHg, P<0.05]. We observed in two rats that the attenuation of the tachycardic response produced by 5 sessions of stress conditioning was reversed by injection of A‐779 into BLA. These findings indicate that the Ang‐(1–7) may reduce the cardiovascular response to acute stress in the amygdala acting via Mas receptor. Support: CAPES, FAPEMIG, CNPq.


To deepening our knowledge of the behaviour of the silicon/electrolyte interface, a study of photocurrent oscillations on silicon in fluoride concentration cF=0.033 M is realized, and as a confirmation of the result the investigation is extrapolated to a variety of electrolyte compositions. The etch rates of anodic oxides in diluted fluoride solutions have been determined by using a new approach of the analysis of anodic current oscillations. The time dependent thickness of the anodic oxide has been measured by in-situ FTIR and can be simulated considering only the time dependent current and the etch rate.


This study was performed to optimize the preparation of frozen lotus roots. Prior to freezing, an optimal blanching condition at for 5 min was established, based on the microbial growth, texture, total phenolic content (TPC), and sensory evaluation results. The blanched samples were then frozen under various freezing conditions ( in a freezer for 2 hr, in a gas nitrogen convection chamber for 7 min, and in liquid nitrogen for 20 sec), and their qualities after thawing were determined. The scanning electron microscopic analysis indicated that the microstructure of the sample frozen at was similar to that of the control sample, compared with the other freezing conditions (-20 and ). The antioxidant activities of the frozen samples decreased compared to those of the control, but there was no significant (p had significantly (p. In addition, the drip loss of the sample frozen at was higher than those of the other frozen samples. These results suggest that freezing at in a gas nitrogen convection chamber can be an optimal freezing method of producing high-quality frozen lotus roots.


Electron-correlation effects on cohesive energy, lattice constant, and bulk compressibility of rutile are calculated using an ab initio scheme. A competition between the two groups of partially covalent Ti-O bonds is the reason that the correlation energy does not change linearly with deviations from the equilibrium geometry, but is dominated by quadratic terms instead. As a consequence, the Hartree-Fock lattice constants are close to the experimental ones, while the compressibility is strongly renormalized by electronic correlations.


We present a Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) approach to outlier detection in a linear regression setting, where the closeness of probability distributions is measured using the Wasserstein metric. Training samples contaminated with outliers skew the regression plane computed by least squares and thus impede outlier detection. Classical approaches, such as robust regression, remedy this problem by downweighting the contribution of atypical data points. In contrast, our Wasserstein DRO approach hedges against a family of distributions that are close to the empirical distribution. We show that the resulting formulation encompasses a class of models, which include the regularized Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) as a special case. We provide new insights into the regularization term and give guidance on the selection of the regularization coefficient from the standpoint of a confidence region. We establish two types of performance guarantees for the solution to our formulation under mild conditions. One is related to its out-of-sample behavior, and the other concerns the discrepancy between the estimated and true regression planes. Extensive numerical results demonstrate the superiority of our approach to both robust regression and the regularized LAD in terms of estimation accuracy and outlier detection rates.


A radial basis function (RBF) neural network was applied to simulate soil freezing and thawing processes. The air temperature, soil depth, and time were used as inputs to the neural network, and soil temperature was the output. The relationship between soil temperature, air temperature, elapsed time, and depth was learned from the experimental data by training the RBF network. The trained network can predict soil temperature for new inputs of depth, air temperature, and time. In a second example, the RBF network was employed to simulate the dependency of frozen soil strength on confining pressure, strain rate, and soil temperature. By comparing with experimental data, it was shown that the network can yield a very satisfactory generalization of the frozen soil strength in relation to these variables.


it is for Medicare. Certainly, President Bush's ill-fated attempt to partially privatize Social Security makes little sense without taking conservative ideology seriously. Indeed, privatization was popular almost only among conservative intellectuals and policy entrepreneurs who had long seen Social Security as the worst—because the most popular—example of New Deal collectivism run amok. In this case, ideas help to explain how a policy got on the public agenda despite significant electoral risks; the unpopularity of those ideas also helps to explain why change did not happen. Béland and Waddan also make a strong case for the importance of ideas in producing the landmark welfare reform bill in 1996. Specifically, they argue that fundamental welfare reform became possible only when the "debate about welfare recipients focused on their dependency rather than their poverty" (p. 46). But this shift predates the "right turn" of the 1980s. While it is true that popular conservatives like Charles Murray and George Gilder did focus on the relationship between welfare and dependency, this relationship had long been central to liberal welfare politics and policymaking. By the 1950s, liberal welfare experts were committed to preventing dependency by providing recipients with an array of job-related and other "rehabilitative" services. The bipartisan flirtation with a guaranteed annual income in the 1970s only broke temporarily with this longer tradition. While ideas about welfare and dependency did not change dramatically over this period, the policy responses that flowed out of those ideas did, thanks to both changed economic conditions and electoral calculation. Welfare reform thus demonstrates the need to use an "integrated" framework to understand policy change. Ideas alone do not explain the nature and timing of the 1996 reform. Rather, as Béland and Waddan conclude, it is the "nature of welfare policy legacies, the transformation of welfare as a partisan issue, and the growing weight of conservative ideas" that set the stage for reform (p. 68). Béland andWaddan's case is least persuasive with regard to Medicare. The addition of an expensive drug benefit for seniors by a Republican president and a Republican Congress cannot be explained except in terms of simple electoral calculation. President Bush and the GOP wished to rob the Democratic Party of a potent political issue going into an election year. The argument that conservative, pro-market features, hidden within the larger bill embody conservative ideas and help to explain conservative votes for the program is ultimately unconvincing. The Politics of Policy Change is a lively and readable synthesis of much of the vast social scientific and historical literature on the contemporary American welfare state. It is also an invaluable primer on recent developments in Medicare, welfare, and pension policy. Although the authors claim a little too much for their "integrated ideational and institutional framework;" the text is nevertheless a crucial resource for policymakers and scholars seeking to understand the sources of change and stasis in American social policy.


Carbonaceous materials (CMs) have been widely used to assess temperatures in sedimentary and metamorphic carbonate rocks. The use of Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) is largely devoted to the study of deformed rocks hosted in thrust-tectonic settings. Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material successfully allows the study of carbonate rocks at a temperature as high as 650 °C. In this study, a set of carbonate-mylonite rocks (Italian Alps) were investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy, in order to infer the deformation conditions associated with the Alpine thrusts, expected to occur at T < 350 °C. Micro-Raman spectra were collected using two sources: green (532 nm) and red (632.8 nm) lasers. Several deconvolution procedures and parameters were tested to optimize the collected spectrum morphologies for the laser sources, also in accordance with the low temperature expected. The obtained temperatures highlight two clusters: one at 340–350 °C for the samples collected in the axial part of the Alpine chain, and the other at 200–240 °C for those collected in the external thrust-and-fold belt. These results agree with the independent geological and petrological constraints. Consistent results were obtained using 532 and 632.8 nm laser sources when the appropriate deconvolution approach was used.


Purpose: Recently, cities in Korea are under constant research and interest in urban regeneration as measures against aging. Urban agriculture, which is one of the urban regeneration methods, has already been actively researched and practiced outside the country. However, since the enactment of the urban agriculture laws, Korea has not been actively pursuing social interest or follow - up research. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of operation of vertical farms operated in Japan, its operation mode, and project proponents. Based on the results of the analysis, we will review the overall contents, characteristics and problems of plant factories. Method: After analyzing the concept and status of urban agriculture and vertical farming in Japan, we identify the scope of defining urban agriculture and vertical farms legally defined in Japan and the types of proven cases. Based on the results of the analysis, we have extracted the status and characteristics of vertical farms in Japan. Result: Japanese vertical farms are classified into vertical farms that utilize the building part and vertical farms that utilize the entire building depending on the mode of operation and business method. The reason for utilizing the building is to use empty buildings, idle factories, etc. as a way to reduce initial investment costs.


The study tests the proposition that pedagogical orientations foster domain-specific teacher dispositions. Nineteen preservice teachers in an urban teacher certification program emphasizing culturally relevant teaching (CRT) were interviewed at the completion of all coursework and teaching experiences in diverse, urban classrooms. Dispositional statements (n = 405) were used in a comparative analysis that included cross-tabs chi-square statistics and contingency tables. The study found that teaching dispositions associated with two CRT domains, academic success and cultural competence, were prevalent, whereas dispositions associated with the critical consciousness domain were minimal. Interrelatedness was found for teacher dispositions associated with respect for diversity, authenticity, and generalizability.


We propose to introduce a strong coupling U(l)y axial gauge boson into the rishon model which may explain dynamical problems concerning preservation of chiral symmetries and existence of solutions to anomaly conditions. Mechanisms through which exotic particles gain masses are discussed. It is found that exotic particles such as color octet leptons and color sextet quarks may gain masses ranging from 10 1 to 103. Some phenomenological aspects of these exotic particles are discussed.


Summary Multivariate analysis to determine the influence of aquaculture on the presence of Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) Notable increases in coastal aquaculture make it vital to study the environmental effects associated with their presence. Increase in organic material, resultant from aquaculture activities, acts as an attractant for fish species and consequently their predators. Many studies have examined the effects of aquaculture on marine fauna in general, but there is a paucity of studies examining, more specifically, the impacts of aquaculture on dolphins. In 12 consecutives months of study, we realized 1 324 samples in a marine fin fish farm off the north eastern coast of Sardinia, Italy. The objective of this study was to determine the variables that may influence the presence and abundance of dolphins in the fish farm area. Dolphins were observed year round during the study period, 37% of the samples analyzed, but there was a clear seasonal trend in their presence. Based on the results obtained in this study we can discriminate two factors that influence the seasonal presence of dolphins: water temperature and anthropogenic impacts (i.e. presence of recreational boats and/or fishing boats). These results can be useful for aquaculture management, in particular for the implementation of anti-predator methods in marine fin fish farms similar to the one in our study.


The invention discloses a micro-scale six-roller mill with static stability. The six-roller mill is characterized in that parallel positioning devices are utilized to position the axial lines of six rollers of upper and lower bearing roller systems (2, 7), upper and lower middle roller systems (3, 6) and upper and lower working roller systems (4, 5) in the same vertical plane, i.e., the offset distance among the six rollers is zero. A micro-scale mechanism with static stability is arranged between the upper and lower bearing roller system (2, 7); and a micro-scale eccentric shaft mechanism with static stability is arranged between the middle roller operating side end cover (35) and middle roller axial moving mechanism of the upper and lower middle roller systems (3, 6). In the invention, a rolling mill roller system can maintain the equivalent static-stability condition of a mechanism under the condition of alternating the running state of no load during rolling intermission and high load during rolling, and the dynamic micro-scale crossing behavior of two rollers of bearing base kinematic pair with a backlash under an external interference moment is prevented so that the radial loadings of each line of rollers of the columnar rolling bearing are uniformly distributed to prolong the service life, therefore, the safe and stable operation of the six-roller mill can be realized under a heavy-load and high-speed condition.


Summary Essential oils were fed to honey bees to determine whether the components were absorbed into bee larvae. The oils were added in either sucrose syrup (origanum and 2-heptanone) or in a liquid protein diet (origanum oil, cinnamon oil, thymol, and 2-heptanone), because sugar and protein sources are differentially utilized in food fed to larvae of different ages. The volatiles emitted by isolated larvae from oil-supplemented colonies were sampled at three different ages (Day 4, Day 6 and Day 9) by Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The only oil volatiles recovered in larvae were the origanum oil components carvacrol and thymol; neither 2-heptanone nor the cinnamon oil components were detected in any larvae. For larvae from colonies fed oil- supplemented sugar syrup, carvacrol volatiles were emitted at higher amounts in younger larvae (Day 4) than in older larvae (Day 9). In contrast, carvacrol and thymol volatiles were detected only in older larvae (Day 6 and Day 9) in colonies reared on oil-supplemented liquid protein diet. Carvacrol was also detected in the cocoons of Day 9 larvae from colonies fed oil-supplemented liquid protein diet, but not oil-supplemented sugar syrup diet. We believe that the age-related differences in oil incorporation by bee larvae reflect the relative importance of supplemental sugars and protein as food sources for bee larvae of these ages. Supplementation in a liquid protein diet represents a more efficacious route for the incorporation of origanum oils in fifth instar bee larvae targeted for invasion by Varroa destructor mites.


a new method for fabricating gradient refractive index plastic fibers has been developed in this investigation.First,the gradient refractive index plastic rods that are hollow were obtained by the interfacial-gel polymerization technique in a centrifugal machine rotating horizontally.The bubbles that are easily produced in the rods by using the common interfacial-gel polymerization technique were prevented by using this method,and the gradient refractive index profile was obtained.Transparent and solid plastic optical fibers were obtained when hollow rods were melted in the specific progress.


In this project a thermal barrier coating (TBC) which is a multilayered coating used for protection of gas turbine blades has been analyzed.


This collection consists of the impact case studies data of top 5 and bottom 5 ranked higher education institutions which had submitted for the REF 2014 in clinical medicine, physics, general engineering, anthropology and development studies, Communication, Cultural and Media Studies, Library and Information Management units of assessment.


Endothelial injuries, including cell pyroptosis, are ongoing inflammatory processes with key roles in atherosclerosis development. Our previous report showed that the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR7 are associated with the proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying these effects on atherosclerotic lesions, especially on endothelial dysfunction, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that CXCR7 was upregulated in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice fed with a high‐fat diet (HFD), and oxidized lipopolysaccharide‐treated (ox‐LDL) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Further, the activation of CXCR7 reversed ox‐LDL‐induced HUVEC dysfunction, such as migration, tube formation, and cell pyroptosis; all of these protective effects were alleviated by inhibition of CXCR7. The NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were also elevated in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, ApoE−/− mice fed with HFD, and ox‐LDL‐injured HUVECs by regulation of caspase‐1 and interleukin (IL)‐1β expression. The activation of CXCR7 by TC14012 led to a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice fed with HFD. TC14012 also inhibited the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in vivo. In conclusion, our study suggests that CXCR7 plays an important role in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome‐modulated pyroptosis in HUVECs, providing a potential novel therapy for atherosclerosis.


Field surveys carried out between 1996 and 1997 in Cote d'Ivoire on weed hosts to detect the occurrence and subsistence of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) in nature show that rice and Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Link) harbour the virus. There was consistent detection of RYMV throughout the sampling period in rice samples mostly from the lowland varieties. It is thus evident that RYMV subsists more on rice in nature. This could serve as a source of inoculum for infection to newly transplanted rice in the field.


CONTEXT
Gestational thyrotoxicosis, whether associated with hyperemesis gravidarum or not, is thought to be due to excessive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion.

CASE DESCRIPTION
We report here the second case of gestational thyrotoxicosis associated with hyperemesis gravidarum due to a mutation of the TSH receptor, providing thyroid hypersensitivity to hCG.

CONCLUSION
Severe and lasting gestational thyrotoxicosis with normal hCG concentration should lead to sequencing of the TSH receptor gene.


THIS ESSAY REVIEWS areas of accomplishment and challenges in neuroscience research during the Decade of the Brain: 1990 to 2000. Scientific progress, cultural and social change, and their respective impact on neurosurgery and neurosurgeons are considered, along with prospects for further advances in the 21st century.


Interactions of 200-GeV/c protons on hydrogen, neon, argon, and xenon were studied with a streamer-chamber spectrometer. The number of projectile collisions inside the nucleus and the number of secondary collisions in the intranuclear cascade were estimated. The dependence of multiplicity and rapidity distributions on the number of projectile collisions was analyzed. The predictions of the additive quark model were found to be in qualitative agreement with the results of the experiment.


OBJECTIVE. Clinical signs of acute erythematous swelling of the periorbital region may be related either to benign superficial inflammation or to the more severe and potentially life-threatening condition of orbital infection. CONCLUSION. We recommend orbital sonography in every child with periorbital swelling and erythema. In contrast to superficial infection in which edematous swelling of the eyelid can be documented without lesions of the orbital content, either a hyper- or a hypo-echoic mass displacing the medial rectus muscle laterally is highly suggestive of orbital infection. Introducing sonography into early diagnostic interventions in pediatric patients avoids delaying appropriate treatment and allows disease monitoring on a daily basis.


The purpose of the present invention is to suppress generation of failures or reliability problems of a semiconductor element having an epitaxially grown compound semiconductor layer on a silicon substrate, said failures or reliability problems being generated due to an element end portion generated when dividing the silicon substrate into semiconductor devices by means of dicing. In the present invention, an epitaxially grown compound semiconductor layer is formed on a silicon substrate with a buffer layer therebetween, said buffer layer being formed of aluminum nitride. A scribe lane is provided on an outer circumferential portion of a semiconductor device such that the scribe line surrounds a semiconductor element region. Along the scribe lane, the aluminum nitride layer is covered with a film that protects the aluminum nitride layer from moisture and water.


This paper aims to analyze the features of Russian/Soviet and German policy towards Afghanistan in 1919-1939. Despite political and ideological differences, those two states solved complicated and even similar tasks of entering the new world order. Russia (then USSR) benefitted from her favorable geographic location and ambitions of the Afghan elite to strengthen the sovereignty of the country, whereas Germany emphasized its creed as 'the third force', driven by desire to help Afghanistan speed up economic progress, and exploited the idea of «Arian brotherhood» of the Germans and Afghans. The Afghan leaders also used the benefits of country's location as crossroads of cultures, trade routes and areas of influence of the great powers, but they failed to resist their growing interference and rivalry. What is more, they did not manage to solve the problem of power and sustainable governance in accordance with challenges of the twentieth century. By the end of period under study USSR had stabilized the situation on the Afghan border (wiping out Central Asian insurgents, and earlier concluding the neutrality treaty), whereas Germany had gained the role of most privileged partner, providing the Afghan government with economical and financial aid, and expanding cultural and educational cooperation that took into account traditional values of Asian society.


Goal
The aim of this research was to determine the functioning of the triage system at the Institute of Emergency Medicine and the assessment regarding a phone call and the actual condition upon arrival at a scene, the difference between those assessments, time spent for each intervention and determining the leading medical diagnoses.
Material and Methods
A database of the records of callers or patients who have asked for emergency medical treatment in the Koprivnica-Križevci County. The research was done in July and August 2015 among 1002 calls, average age of patients 66 years, 44,3% males and 55,7% females. It was completely anonymous and data sheet was used to collect information.
Results
The research showed that the emergency degree assessment on the phone is in statistical considerable discrepancy with the assessment of a patient's actual condition (p=0,001), that there is room for improving the obtained results on time spent in interventions and that the leading medical diagnoses were typically symptomatic. Symptomatic diagnoses were followed by circulatory system illnesses, mental and behavior disorders, respiratory system diseases, neurological illnesses and digestive system illnesses.
Conclusion
The conclusion of this research is that education of dispathers and population should be continued and that target goal of the patients education should be primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and education on the consequences of alcohol abuse.


We have used a three dimensional global magnetohydrodynamic simulation to model the response of the magnetosphere to an interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with Bz < 0 and By ≠ 0 in order to study the origin and evolution of magnetic flux ropes in the magnetotail. The southward IMF leads to dayside magnetic reconnection followed by reconnection on closed plasma sheet field lines. When there initially was no IMF By in the plasma sheet, reconnection led to the formation of a plasmoid composed of a quasi-two dimensional closed magnetic loop structure. When IMF By reached the equatorial region the quasi-two dimensional plasmoid became a magnetic flux rope. For IMF By ≠ 0 initially in the plasma sheet the reconnection immediately led to the formation of a flux rope structure. The pitch of the flux rope field lines is determined by the amount of By. For the case with no initial By in the plasma sheet the pitch was relatively large while when By ≠ 0 initially the flux rope resembled a flux tube lying across the tail. Flux ropes in the magnetotail consist of closed, open and IMF field lines. The open and IMF field lines in the flux rope become attached to the IMF when closed field lines in the flux rope reconnect with IMF field lines at the flank magnetopause. Flux ropes can move tailward before all of the closed field lines have reconnected. This is primarily caused by the tension on IMF field lines which drape over the flux rope when lobe field lines reconnect. However the tailward velocity is less for flux ropes than for plasmoids because of the connection to the Earth. In the simulation closed flux rope field lines are found over 100RE down the tail.


A LTHOUGH it is commonly known that Negroes and other racial minority groups are ill-housed, the extent of their housing requirements has never been determined quantitatively on a national basis. Estimates have been made for the Nation as a whole by various housing analysts, but there has been no determination of the specific requirements of the largest racial minority segment of the population, the nonwhite. For Negroes, who constitute about 95 percent of the nonwhite population, and for the other racial minorities, housing difficulties are complicated by a pattern of discrimination on the grounds of race or color. Consequently, they face housing problems which differ from those ordinarily encountered by others in the same income and rent classes. Since the purpose of this article, however, is to express their dwelling needs in terms of physical dwelling units, certain assumptions have been made. For example, a cardinal principle followed in developing the estimate presented herein is that the standards posited for adequate housing be applied uniformly for all groups in the population regardless of race or color, or their financial ability to obtain adequate housing. Two fundamental concepts are involved in the determination of housing requirements, whether of the total or of the nonwhite population: one, needs and two, effective or market demand. Acrimonious discussion has resulted from failure to realize the differences in mean-


In the English version of the story "Shou Jie",its translator renders words and expressions loaded with Buddhist culture into English through methods of literal translation,transliteration with footnotes and free translation and so on.Generally speaking,he has succeeded in presenting the function of Buddhist culture in the story's English version as in the original version.Yet he has occasionally neglected the intertextuality between the translated version and target culture,which in turn slightly undermines the expected aesthetic effects of the English version.


Previous researches on ad-hoc networks did not consider the dynamic rate adaptation for wireless multicast. Instead, they statically use the lowest data rate for multicast transmission. The MAC protocol proposed in this paper utilizes the OFDMA mechanism, so that all members can report their rate preference at one time. As a result, the best rate for each member is dynamically selected.


Quick qualitative elemental analysis of agriculture soil has been made using a pulsed CO2 LIBS. The laser beam with different pulse energy was focused on agriculture soil sample under ambient of helium at atmospheric pressure (760 Torr) after the laser beam passes through a covering metal mesh. Emission spectra from the consequent plasma was recorded in wavelength range from 200 nm to 800 nm. It was found that by utilizing the mesh, intense plasma was generated immediately after the CO2 laser irradiation. It was seen that emission lines belong to salts, namely Ca, Mg, Na, K and metals such as Al, Si, Fe, Ti, Cr can certainly be identified. It was also found that the profile of the emission spectrum detected are basically relative similar to the standard soil, nevertheless the agriculture soil color is very different from the standard soil. Higher resolution and sensitivity optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) system is required to evaluate in greater detail the elemental composition of the soil samples.


Abstract : Incidence of primary angle closure glaucoma in cases of retinitis pigmentosa varies from 2-12 percent. Incidence of myopia in cases of retinitis pigmentosa is above 75 percent and incidence of high myopia is 30 percent .In myopia open angle glaucoma is more common. A patient presented with features of angle closure glaucoma with retinitis pigmentosa with left eye high myopia. She presnted very late with profound visual loss. She underwent Laser peripheral iridotomy for closed angles .Later Combined surgery for glaucoma and cataract was performed with intraocular lens implantation in right eye. This case is reported to emphasize the importance of early treatment of angle closure glaucoma with laser peripheral iridotomy and also the importance of comprehensive ophthalmic examination in our practice to identify multiple causes occuring in a single individual that are responsible for profound visual loss.


A distributed energy-efficient unequal clustering (DEEUC) algorithm was proposed for wireless sensor net-works by research current routing algorithms. The core of DEEUC has three parts. Firstly, when tentative clusterheads are selected, an average energy factor was introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network nodes so that it may improve the network energy efficiency. Secondly, an energy consumption ratio function was proposed to balance energy-efficient of each node. Finally, an unequal clustering algorithm was proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that DEEUC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against the other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, DEEUC may prolong the lifetime up to 30% against EECS.


An anti-fungal composition, including: (a) an extract of (51) Int. Cl." .......................... A61K 35/78; A61K 35/64; botanical materials, the botanical materials including mate AO1N 25/00 rial from Echinacea Species, and Propolis, which is a mate (52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 424/195.1; 424/404; 424/405; rial derived from the hives of bees; and (b) an essential oil. 424/435; 424/539 The compositions of the present invention have been shown (58) Field of Search ................................. 424/195.1, 404, to have unexpectedly prolonged anti-fungal activity, as well 424/405, 435, 539 as having anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Preferably, the essential oil includes at least one oil selected (56) References Cited from the group consisting of tea-tree oil, thyme oil and lavander oil. Also preferably, the herbal extract includes a U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS mixture of Calendula, poke root, Echinacea and Propolis


The invention discloses a preparing method of silk protein/calcium phosphate composite material moulded by silicon, which comprises the following steps: boiling natural silk fiber, washing to remove silk glue through distilled water, dissolving silk protein in the saturated lithium bromide solution, dialyzing to obtain pure silk protein solution, dripping solution with calcium ion in the pure silk protein, adding solution with silicon rapidly, dripping water solution with phosphate radical ion, stirring, centrifuging to separate the deposition, removing residual salt through deionized water, drying deposition, grinding the solid material into dried powder to obtain the product.


The heritability of carcass quality traits and the genetic correlations between wool production and these carcass quality traits were estimated on 829 Merino rams. The results showed that carcass quality traits are moderately heritable but pH, yellowness and redness appears to be lowly heritable. Strong genetic relationships were found between the meat colour and wool production traits that was independent on body or carcass weight.


T HE STUDENT Of civilization is fully cognizant of the close tie which exists between religion and art. The story of ancient beliefs is written in the language of pictures and symbols which antedate the alphabets and have remained under various guises part of the nomenclature and imagery of both art and religion. The Greeks were not alone in identifying the Good with the Beautiful. In varying degrees this association is manifested everywhere since man has ever beautified what he worshipped. The Scriptures, the liturgies and the devotional books are not the only treasures of our Judeo-Christian heritage. The Synagogue cantillations and Church modes, the Byzantine and Gothic edifices, the paintings of Raphael and da Vinci, the statues of Michael Angelo, the miracle plays of the church and the Passion music of Bach, and the Masses of Mozart; all of these are products of the human spirit made articulate in man's quest for the sublime and his desire for communion with the


The research problem stems from the suffering of organizations from the weakness of their organizing aspect and the weak influence of the leadership on the subordinates and their dispersion. Organizations today are in rapid development and therefore work relations are not dominated by the humanitarian aspect and the first goal has become productivity. The research aims to identify the influence of servant leadership and its dimensions as an independent variable on the effectiveness of work teams as an approved variable and their importance increases when these organizations are service organizations, and how their influence increases when this leadership is the servant leadership and its dimensions in the Health Department in Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa, and based on the importance of the research topic and the importance of the research sample and the researched organization. The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach which deals with 176 workers representing the research sample from 310 workers (the research community) using questionnaire as a main tool for data collection, which included  61 items. The research adopts appropriate statistical methods for the data analysis including t-test, F-test, and exploratory analysis to test its hypotheses within SPSS v.21. The most important findings are that it can proved the validity of the hypotheses which they were embodied by the impact of servant leadership, directly and indirectly, on the effectiveness of work teams at the Health Department in Baghdad/ Al-Rusafa with the most important applications of servant leadership and how to strengthen servant leadership


Abstract Clayey till has been discovered in about 40 localities in Kopparberg County. Its fabric indicates an ice movement from north-west to west.


Provided herein is a ultracapacitor energy storage device and a system, wherein the energy storage means adapted to store and release energy. A first switching means coupled to the energy storage means is adapted to selectively connect the energy storage means connected to the load and the energy storage device is disconnected and the load coupled to the second switching means supercapacitor adapted to selectively supercapacitor connected to a load and the load is disconnected in supercapacitors. A current sensor adapted to sense a current consumption at the load sensing. A first switching means is adapted to change the rate when the load current consumption is lower than the activation energy storage device to connect to a load, a second switching means is adapted to change the rate when the load current consumption is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value It is activated to connect the supercapacitor to the load when a preset threshold value.


The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 has led to a sharp increase in the number of unsold homes in our country. This has not only caused huge national and social expenditures, but has also made it challenging to manage construction companies given the slow progress of new projects and rise in debt and financial expenses. The default risk of construction companies results in economic losses to the interested parties as well as a huge burden on national finances, since it is linked to the default risk of financial institutions. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the Expected Default Frequency and the unsold housing stock using the KMV(Kealhofer, McQuown and Vasicek) model, based on the assumption that there is a close relationship between unsold housing stacks and default risk of construction companies. This study has utilized the KMV model based on the option pricing theory for deriving the Expected Default Frequency of an individual construction company. The Vector Error Correction Model was used for analyzing the relationship with unsold housing stock. For calculating the Expected Default Frequency, 26 listed construction companies from 2001?2010 were selected. The results are as follows. 1) It was found that the default risk of construction companies is primarily affected by the unsold housing stock that piled up due to the housing market situation. 2) The impulse response analysis confirmed that the default risk of construction companies is primarily affected by the creation of unsold housing stock, rather than due to housing price shocks.


Adobe and mud structures, use widely for housing in earthquake prone areas throughout the world, will fail, even in the presence of good design and workmasnhip, if they are built on poor sites. Structural and seismic factors, topographic factors, and lithologic factors are all important in selecting geologically safe construction sites away from fault zones, cliffs, unstable slopes, or areas with deep alluvial or man-made fills (AU)


In 2019 and 2020, 2 randomized trials of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) thrombectomy reported no improvement in functional outcomes with thrombectomy, despite observational evidence and weak guidelines recommending thrombectomy. The objective of this study was to assess whether neutral clinical trials may have influenced BAO thrombectomy practice.

 The National Inpatient Sample (2018–2020) was queried for US patients with BAO, and comparisons were made between patients admitted in 2020 versus 2018 to 2019 for the primary outcome of thrombectomy. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable regression was used, accounting for demographic and clinical covariates, with propensity‐score matching to balance clinical and hospital‐level characteristics between years.

 Of the 14 945 patients with BAO, 2345 (15.6%) underwent thrombectomy, with no differences in the unadjusted rate of thrombectomy between 2020 and 2018 to 2019 (14.9% versus 16.1%;
 P
 =0.41). Following multivariable adjustment, BAO thrombectomy was independently associated with a private insurance beneficiary (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.16–1.85) as compared with Medicare beneficiary; having a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 10–19 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.39–2.50) or >19 (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.25–2.26) versus <10; but not with year of admission (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.60–1.01;
 P
 =0.06). These relationships were preserved in the propensity‐score matching cohort, and admission year lacked association with thrombectomy for BAO (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.73–1.33;
 P
 =0.92).

 Following publication of neutral BAO randomized clinical trials in late 2019 and 2020, there was no significant change in thrombectomy rate among US patients with BAO. The latest trials support thrombectomy for select patients with moderate‐to‐severe BAO symptoms, and this appears consistent with the practice of US clinicians before these trials.


The oxidised lead ore has a very fine disemination and contains very much slime.The slime need to be removed before the beginning of mineral dressing,in order to eliminate the bad effect on concentrate operation.The application of two-stage desliming operation by cyclone is mainly introducted in the paper to dealt with the refractory oxided lead ore during industial tests in lanping.It is known that the desliming technique of two-stage close circuits is of great importance to stablize processing operation and enhance the quantity of concentrate.


To evaluate the anthropogenic impact in surface sediments of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea, dissolved fluxes at the sediment water interface of heavy metals and nutrients on the sea bottom in front of the Po River mouths and along the western side of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea have been determined. The fluxes have been measured by benthic chamber deployments and calculated by pore water modelling. Pore waters composition have been used also to understand the early diagenesis processes generating the benthic fluxes.

Benthic chamber deployments and sediment core collection for pore water extraction have been carried out in three cruises in spring and autumn 2013 and autumn 2014.

The study stations have been chosen on the base of previous research results indicating a decreasing heavy metal and organic matter surface content leaving from the Po River mouths (Pérez-Albaladejo et al., 2016). The data obtained have been compared with previous studies carried in the Adriatic Sea (Spagnoli et al. 2010).

Results of the 2013 and 2014 cruises and of previous investigations indicate a consistent and rapid dissolved benthic flux decreasing going away from the Po River mouths both southward, eastward and northward.

The decreasing regards the final electron acceptors and the organic matter degradation products and some heavy metals.

On the whole, different early diagenesis environments have been recognized in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea: they embrace two end members: from the Po River Prodelta to the Mid Adriatic Depression (MAD) (Spagnoli et al., 2014). In front of the Po River sediments are characterized by high sedimentation rate and by high inputs of fresh marine organic matter, continental organic matter and Fe-oxyhydroxides. These inputs produce high concentrations of organic matter degradation products, strong anoxic environment in the pore waters and high dissolved benthic fluxes. In the MAD the diagenetic environments are characterized by low sedimentation rate and low inputs of reactive organic matter that produce low concentrations of pore-water organic matter degradation products with oxic conditions near the surface and weak benthic fluxes.

As regard the two major metals involved in the early diagenesis processes (Fe and Mn), they too show dissolved benthic fluxes decreases from the Po River mouths. Also in this case, this trend is attributed to the high Po River dissolved and particulate, anthropogenic and natural, metal inputs that deposit in the surface sediments of the Po Prodelta (Spagnoli and Bergamini, 1997).

The dissolved benthic fluxes of trace heavy metals (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) indicate that some elements, such as Co and Pb, are clearly adsorbed by the sediment that act, for these two elements as sink. Other elements, such as Cu, don’t show a clear north–south trend s, while other elements, such as Cd, indicate a southward decreasing trend suggesting a behavior affected by the Po River inputs and Fe-Mn-oxyhydroxide cycle.