A system functions as part of a broader enterprise. For the design of a system understanding is required of its purpose within the enterprise, as well as of its internal functioning. Models are a means to create and capture understanding. Many different models are needed during the design of a system, from broad enterprise models down to detailed implementation models of components or functions. In this article we show the hierarchy of models, their relations and the level of detail in these models. We use the semiconductor industry as an example.


Introduction The basis for this report is a study made upon 35 individuals of both sexes, ranging in age from 6 to 19 years. The study represents a 15-month period. The reasons for this investigation were several. In the first place, the accepted methods of management of chorea have not been too satisfactory; secondly, alpha-tocopherol had given promising results in the management of somewhat similar pathology in ischemic extrapyramidal systems in elderly people; thirdly, because of the high incidence of association of rheumatic heart disease with chorea, it was felt that a possible prophylactic measure might be evolved. Symptoms However, symptoms were sufficiently troublesome and alarming to the person involved for medical attention to be sought. The most frequent symptoms were: weakness; incoordinated, purposeless jerks of the extremities, head, and neck; poor appetite; stumbling gait; nightmares; frequent urination; "thrashing about" in sleep; and biting of nails (two cases). Twenty-two patients gave a history of recurring tonsillitis. Fourteen patients complained of knee or ankle joint aches. There were three patients who had had night sweats. Two individuals suffered from enuresis. All cases studied were not severe problems.


From a jurisprudential perspective, we will approach the relevance of the name of a colour describing aspects related to the definition of the name from a dictionary and the meaning of the distinctive character. The analysis will be drawn taking into consideration the case Off-White LLC v. EUIPO highlighting the symbolic value of trademark and colour name in the frame of two main verbs (to differentiate and to identify) that establish the functions of a trademark.


Chronic ulcers become the factors of morbidity and mortality with an increasing prevalence. The causes of chronic ulcers are venous dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, infection, peripheral neuropathy, stress, and atherosclerosis. Decubitus ulcers are caused by irreversible mechanical pressure on the soft tissue, usually on prominent bones. In addition, the diabetic ulcer is a complication of diabetes mellitus that causes an increase in overall morbidity in patients. Diabetic ulcers can form due to a lack of glycemic control, neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, or inadequate treatment of wounds on the feet. This article aims to review Chronic Ulcers, specifically Decubitus Ulcers,and Diabeticum Ulcers. Source searches were carried out on online portals for journal publications such as Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) and NCBI (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), with the keyword Globally, the incidence of pressure ulcers reaches 33% and diabetic ulcers reach 15% of all diabetics. In dealing with chronic ulcers, in general, there is the main principle, namely TIME. The acronym TIME stands for four things to pay attention to, namely: T (Tissue) for a wound that is not feasible or deficient; I (Infection) for with infection/inflammation; M (Moisture) for wound moisture imbalance, which have to be corrected; E (Edge) for a wound where the edge does not cross into it.


The article presents the analysis of structure, semantics and informational content of a group of the conjunction "als" with adjective or adverb in comparative degree, as well as a subordinate clause of compound sentence that expresses the real comparison, and subordinate clause of compound sentence that expresses the unreal comparison for the comparative statement of the conjunction "als". (It is based on the material of German language)


How can we compare national systems of higher education, since their organization varies from country to country? Clark identifies the basic elements common to all such systems, and proceeds to thematic comparisons among a number of countries.


The purpose of the packers is determined by the specific technological tasks. The design of a packer and the principle of bringing it into action provide protection from ealy wear during the tripping process. In addition, the design of a packer ensures manufacturability of its use and reliable control over the work in the well during the hydraulic fracturing, regardless of the depth of the installation. The experience with the use of packers for the test beds showed that in most cases packer items become inoperative due to the destruction of the lower part of the rubber element. In practice, the isolation annulus packer with different ways of planting is important and necessary to ensure reliable fixing of a packer at the place of installation in the borehole. It happens due to the use of anchoring unit and different designs of seals of packers.


A number of studies have examined whether education has a causal impact on health, with some finding a positive effect and others no significant effect. Evidence on the relationship between education and health in the Canadian context is however scarce. The first two chapters in this thesis address this gap by presenting econometric analyses of the effect of education on health using Canadian Census data. Chapter 1 uses data on changes to the compulsory schooling laws in Canada as instruments for educational attainment. Using the Census master dataset for the ten provinces, the results in Chapter 1 indicate that education does indeed have a causal impact on mortality (a robust indicator for health). Increasing pre-tertiary education by an additional year reduces the 5-year adult mortality rate by between 2% and 3.5%. These findings suggest that traditional methods of evaluating the benefits of education may in fact understate its true importance.In Chapter 2, the instrument used for education is potential eligibility for the university education benefits under the Canadian Veterans Rehabilitation Act. Because the VRA affected large numbers of anglophone Ontario-born men and extremely few francophone Quebec-born men, the latter is used as the control group for the treatment group consisting of the cohorts of Ontario men of university age at the end of World War II. Using the Canadian Census Public Use Microdata Files for Quebec and Ontario, the results from the main analysis in Chapter 2 suffer from large standard errors due to measurement error in the dependent variable and a sample size that is too small. An alternative analysis using administrative data on mortality rates yields results suggesting that an additional year of tertiary schooling reduces the 5-year mortality rate by 1.9%.Inspired by the measurement error problem in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 is an empirical investigation of the impact of measurement errors on estimation results. The main contribution of this chapter to the literature relates to implications for statistical inference of random versus non-random measurement errors in the dependent variable, based on Monte Carlo simulation results.%%%%Plusieurs etudes ont examine si l'education a un impact causal sur la sante, avec certains qui trouvent un effet positif et d'autres aucun effet. L'evidence sur le rapport entre l'education et la sante dans le contexte canadien est cependant rare. Les deux premiers chapitres dans cette these adressent ce manque d'evidence en presentant des analyses econometriques de l'effet de l'education sur la sante utilisant des donnees de recensement canadiennes.En utilisant les changements apportes aux lois sur scolarite obligatoire au Canada comme instruments pour l'education, les resultats en Chapitre 1 indiquent que l'education a un impact causal sur la mortalite (un indicateur robuste de sante). L'accroissement de l'education d'une annee reduit le taux de mortalite adulte de cinq ans de 2,0% a 3,5%. Ces resultats laissent penser que les methodes…


The development of research on metalloporphyrins, which are used as model compounds for some metalloenzymes, is reviewed, including the survey of oxygen binding of heme, the catalytic oxidation of cytochrome P450, the molecular recognition to amino acid esters, the self-assembly and self-aggregation of metalloporphyrins.


To remove certain discrepancies in solutions of problems of wave propagation in layered media, especially in the case of a two-layered liquid halfspace first discussed by Pekeris, the precise meaning of repre¬ sentations used is reconsidered. The existence of real poles on the path of integration used by Lamb and others for real CJ leads to the addition of corresponding residues to the principal value of the integral. They repre¬ sent the free waves usually superposed on the solutions to yield divergent waves. The question of real and complex poles is clarified for the Pekeris problem and the new form of solution is given in terms of a branch line integral and residues at all these poles. The Lamb condition of vanishing potential at infinity is fulfilled.


A compact dual-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)/diversity antenna is proposed. This antenna is designed for 2.4/5.2/5.8GHz WLAN and 2.5/3.5/5.5GHz WiMAX applications in portable mobile devices. It consists of two back-to-back monopole an- tennas connected with a T-shaped stub, where two rectangular slots are cut from the ground, which signiflcantly reduces the mutual cou- pling between the two ports at the lower frequency band. The volume of this antenna is 40mm ⁄ 30mm ⁄ 1mm including the ground plane. Measured results show the isolation is better than i20dB at the lower frequency band from 2.39 to 3.75GHz and i25dB at the higher fre- quency band from 5.03 to 7GHz, respectively. Moreover, acceptable radiation patterns, antenna gain, and envelope correlation coe-cient are obtained. These characteristics indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable for some portable MIMO/diversity equipments.


This paper describes the corrosion processes that occurred following the mechanical failure of two steel 14-ton storage cylinders containing depleted UF[sub 6]. The failures both were traced to small mechanical tears that occurred during stacking of the cylinders. Although subsequent corrosion processes greatly extended the openings in the wall. the reaction products formed were quite protective and prevented any significant environmental insult or loss of uranium. The relative sizes of the two holes correlated with the relative exposure times that had elapsed from the time of stacking. From the sizes and geometries of the two holes, together with analyses of the reaction products, it was possible to determine the chemical reactions that controlled the corrosion process and to develop a scenario for predicting the rate of hydrolysis of UF[sub 6], the loss rate of HF, and chemical attack of a breached UF[sub 6] storage cylinder.


c'arq/id ,' vaminuti~,n t,/ thr ~uriuti~,n ,~I thr vcloci1~ along the centerline attd the c'ontour o/a ( ul'a/ no--h, in th,' physi~al plane .~ho~.~ that either the upper or the lower half ~!/ thc l.avul no-.-Ic a.vsume.s the .vat~w /i,rnt o/'a ~/itt,'d thic'k air/hil with tandem trailing edgc.~. Thew two uit?/~)ils lic on di//btcnt Ricmann sheets m the hodograph plane. The interior i?( the air/bil is then tnapp~'d onto an in/inite .strip in the complex potential plane. :~lak ing use t!/th~,~~, restl(ts. II'e ot~tuincd all c.~,clc't so(u lion/or the incompressible potential /low through a two-dimensional l.avul noz-le. The sohttion is applicable for nozz.les with any given Co/Itrtlt'littll rr I11 C.~.'pUllA'iotl ratio n2, a/ld lhroul wall rildil~ g*. As examples of the nwtl~od, rarious no:rl~' ~'ontotu.~. tho velocity distribution O/the)low. and the locations ~)) the/luid ,~artic'h,s at d(()~'rent tbm' httervaLs" are presented. Abstract The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur- terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.


A combined type DC-DC (direct current) converter is composed of two DC power supplies (1) connected in series and two completely symmetrical boosted modules (2 and 3). The combined type DC-DC converter is used for converting lower voltage of a renewable DC source such as a photovoltaic /fuel cell and the like to higher voltage for outputting. Compared with the existing boosted converter, the combined type DC-DC converter provided by the invention has a larger boosted transformation ratio under the condition of the same duty cycle, the voltage current stress of a switching tube is low, ripple of input current is low and ripple of output voltage is low; meanwhile, the combined type DC-DC converter has the outstanding advantages of simple structure and convenience in control and the like, and is very applicable to the grid-connected system of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic /fuel cells and the like in the future, thus the combined type DC-DC converter has better applicationand promotion prospects.


Hybrid entanglement swapping supports the teleportation of any arbitrary states, regardless of whether the quantum information in the state is encoded in Discrete Variables (DV) or Continuous Variables (CV). In this work, we study the CV teleportation channel created between two ground receivers via direct lossy-distribution from a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite. Such a flexible teleportation protocol has the potential to interconnect a global array of quantum-enabled devices regardless of the different intrinsic technology upon which the devices are built. However, past studies of hybrid entanglement swapping have not accounted for channel transmission loss. Here we derive the general framework for teleporting an arbitrary input mode over a lossy CV teleportation channel. We investigate the specific case where the input modes are part of DV states entangled in the photon number basis, then identify the optimal teleportation strategy. Our results show that, relative to DV photon-number entanglement sourced directly from the satellite, there are circumstances where our teleported DV states retain higher entanglement quality. We discuss the implications of our new results in the context of generating a global network of ultra-secure communications between different quantum-enabled devices which possess line-of-sight connections to LEO satellites. Specifically, we illustrate the impact the teleportation process has on the key rates from a Quantum Key Distribution protocol.


Conjugated oligomers with rigid, fused-ring structure are of interest for organic field-effect transistors where strong π-π interaction between adjacent molecules is required to obtain high charge carrier mobilities. Dibenzo[b,b′]thieno[2,3-f:5,4-f′]bis[1]benzothiophene (DBTBT) has been synthesized by a novel route, the key step of which is the acid-induced intramolecular cyclization reaction of aromatic methyl sulfoxides. Field-effect transistors (FETs) with thin, polycrystalline DBTBT films deposited by vacuum sublimation exhibit high field-effect mobilities of 0.15 cm
 2
 (Vs)
 –1
 and ON-OFF current ratios >10
 6
. The coupling reaction is not regioselective and different regioisomers have been identified. Degraded FET performance is observed when the sublimed films contain a mixture of different isomers.


This paper introduces the design scheme of a new universal remote terminal unit which can not only makeremote monitoring but also control the equipment,and describes the ideas of designing the hardware and software of this scheme.


Project completion work has problems related to project completion not being on time, thereby increasing costs and resources. The work on the gantry crane structure includes projects that experience problems related to incompatibility between project planning and actual project work. This study aims to plan project activities by speeding up processing time and providing prevention strategies to minimize project delays. This study uses the critical chain project management method using the cut & paste method by 30%. The results showed the total buffer time was ten days, consisting of eight project buffer days and two feeding buffer days. The total time for the semi-gantry crane structure project has accelerated from 43 days to 33 days. Suggestions for prevention that can be done to complete the project according to the plan are adding project workers, adding tools or machines, and eliminating multitasking activities that cause project workers not to finish their work immediately.


Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 78:634–644 doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.03.0100 Received 13 March 2013. *Corresponding author (email@example.com). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Litter Removal in a Sclerophyll Forest: Shortand Medium-Term Consequences for Soil Properties Forest, Range & Wildland Soils


The spectra of the supersymmetric O(N) nonlinear sigma models in 0+1 space‐time dimension are computed exactly for any N, using group theoretical methods. The allowed representations are O(N) analogs of the Wigner d functions.


A long‐term clinical study is underway to evaluate the merit of occult stool blood testing in the earlier detection of colorectal cancers; 48,000 participants have been enrolled. Thus far, 873 patients with occult stool blood have been examined, and 77 gastrointestinal cancers have been found in 74 patients. Although data from the control group are not yet available for comparison, most of the cancers found appear to be relatively early in their development. Conventional barium‐enema examinations were noted to have "missed" one third of the colon cancers and two‐thirds of the colon polyps which were found on colonoscopy. Preliminary results of the study appear encouraging. Definitive analysis will await the availability of additional pertinent data.


In this work, we propose a spectral interferometric technique for detecting the wavelength position of the resonances of low-cost optical resonators, consisting in rectangular glass microcapillaries. Moreover, we exploited these microdevices as core elements of a microoptofluidic sensing platform designed for the measurements of the refractive index (RI) of fluid samples, based on spectral phase shift interferometry. A detailed theoretical model was implemented to simulate the spectral shape of the interferometric signal in a wavelength range where cavity resonances of the capillary-based optical resonator occur. For experimental verification, the microdevice was placed at the end of the measurement arm of a Michelson interferometer and illuminated using a light source emitting broadband radiation in the near infrared region around $1.55~\mu \text{m}$ . The resonances of the empty capillary (i.e., filled with air) were successfully detected as steep phase jumps of the interferometric cosine signal recorded as a function of the wavelength, in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Finally, further experimental measurements were carried out by filling the capillary channel with water–glucose dilutions with different concentrations to prove the suitability of the phase shift detection method to monitor RI variations with respect to a reference fluid.


The selection of music for use with young children in pre-school, kindergarten and the primary grades is as critical an issue as the educational sequence itself. The choice of songs is the responsibility of the teachers who review the available series books, song collections and recordings appropriate for the young child. Folk, popular and composed songs are genres which constitute the music employed by the early childhood music specialist. Regardless of the specific musicaf objectives of the individual lesson whether it to teach a sense of duple metre, a s-l-s-m tonal pattern, or a structure such as binary form, and notwithstanding the more comprehensive goals of the curriculum, the selection of songs that


Any parametres have a relevant uncertainty in a real industrial process. Quality of measurements and quality of production are connected. If the quality of measurements does not satisfy requirements of technological process quality of the production is low.


For the purpose of monitoring the water area of Sevastopol a line of devices for plankton macrofiltration in the size range from 2 mm to 2 microns has been developed. Twelve stations have been chosen from Inkerman to Fiolent with total length of 30 km. From piers far out at sea, 50-500 liters of seawater were sampled from the surface and filtered through a system of successive sieves 2 mm, 300, 150, 84 microns and a 2 μm fiber filter. In the winter of 2021-2022, when the seawater temperature was 8 °C, the diversity of plankton morphotypes was low. For all stations, the number of morphotypes increased as the size fraction decreased in the form of ecological pyramids. It was found that the richness of morphotypes in Inkerman is significantly lower than at other stations. Samples from neighboring stations may differ in the composition of morphotypes up to 50% (spatial section). Also, sea water samples taken at the same station with an interval of 1.5 months differed by 50% in the composition of morphotypes (time slice). The obtained results indicate that the developed technique of sequential filtration gives a visual representation of the state of meso-, micro- and nano-plankton in seawater samples.


This article, together with a proposed editorial, was written in March before the events in the South Atlantic were even contemplated. That editorial read in part:"Volume 1 No 1, written in the termmology and current knowledge of its time. covers many of the problems we are still dealing with today — survival in hostile environments. combat casualty care, medical selection of aircrew. transport of casualties and epidemic outbreaks and control of infection. The image is of a professional service coping with difficulties of war of a type and scale not seen before. Today's Navy and its Medical Branch have similar tasks, to prepare and, if all else fails, to cope and survive a conflict of whose nature none of us have had any experience."


An accurate simulation of rotor aerodynamics has been a challenging problem for the computational e uid dynamicscommunity,largelybecausenumericaldiffusion inthetypicallycoarsegridsaway from thebladesseriously degrades the prediction of the returning wakes. A numerical scheme is proposed to improve the reconstruction stage of a MUSCL approach in the framework of a e nite volume formulation. A fourth-order upwind scheme, based on the interpolation of the local characteristic variables in the reconstruction stage, is applied instead of the conventional third-order upwind-biased scheme. Different slope limitersare applied to different characteristic e elds to reduce the numerical dissipation of entropy and shear waves. We have implemented the proposed scheme into the TURNS code. Numerical results for a hover case show a signie cant improvement in the wake capturing capability over the baseline TURNS code.


【Objective】 To analyze the relationship between eating problems of 1~5 years old children and the feeding behavior.【Methods】 Cross-sectional survey was conducted.The questionnaire data,containing general state,identification and management of feeding difficulty(IMFeD),as well as self-compiled questionnaire about parents feeding behavior,which reflect children's socio-demographic,eating problems,as well as parents' feeding behavior.【Results】 Both feeding anxiety and adverse feeding behavior of parents were positive relationship with IMFeD total score,the coefficients were respectively 0.591 and 0.665;Feeding anxiety(β=0.49),as well as adverse feeding behavior of parents(β=0.32),entering the final formula of IMFeD total score,were risk factors of eating problem;feeling communication,in contract,was protective factor.【Conclusion】 Adverse feeding behavior and parents' anxiety possibly raise or enhance children's eating problem,feeling communication between parents and child when feeding maybe of positive effect on avoiding or relieving eating problems in certain way.


Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) are a key element in PLL design. The simulation of VCOs is a time consuming process because transient circuit simulations must run long enough that the steady state is attained. Furthermore, the robustness of design against operating and technological conditions must also be tested by simulating the circuits at several corners, thus making the design methodology based in iterative simulation rather prohibitive for this class of circuits. The development of efficient and reliable VCO models is therefore a very important task, not only for the automation of the circuit design, but for design space exploration as well. Besides accuracy and simplicity, models must easily adapt to the rapid technology evolution. In order to grant such robustness, we must develop models based on transistor level technological parameters. This paper presents an accurate model for submicron Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs). The model obtained is based on the Npower MOS model, yielding quite accurate results for sub micron technologies. An example considering a 1.2V TSMC013 VCO is presented, where the accuracy of the results obtained against Hspice simulation is shown. Results obtained in about 2 seconds have 4% average error, compared to simulations taking over 15 minutes.


We study the birational geometry of varieties of maximal Albanese dimension. In particular we discuss criteria for a generically finite morphism of varieties of maximal Albanese dimension to be birational; we give a new characterization of Theta divisors; we study the Albanese map and refine some of the results of Koll\'ar; finally we use these results to birationally classify varieties with $P_3(X)=2$ and $q(X)=dim (X)$. Our method combines the generic vanishing theorems of Green and Lazarsfeld, the theory of Fourier Mukai transforms and the results of Koll\`ar on higher direct images of dualizing sheaves.


Abstract The synthesis of the principles of SoTL into a process to be used in the classroom is an important part of scholarship. This work reviews foundation information related to SoTL and combines ideas from multiple authors into a manageable vision. In addition, the author identifies a tentative seven-step process for use in an individual classroom, and shares a classroom example of the use of SoTL to improve an individual's practice. The specific classroom example is used to demonstrate both the process of SoTL and reinforce the foundation and expectations of SoTL in the professional community.


Introduction: Traumatic spinal spondyloptosis, though rare, harbingers a high risk of mortality as well as permanent and disabling neurological deficits. They invariably become socially aloof and marginalized in most parts of our subcontinent owing to the lack of dedicated rehabilitation units amid their poor economic status. There is a paucity of studies pertaining to such rare epiphenomenon within our region. Materials and Methods: A study of 16 patients presenting with spinal spondyloptosis from January 2017 to January 2023 in a tertiary care center in Nepal was undertaken. The clinical records of the patients were retrieved from the hospital record section to study the demographic variables, modes of injury, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades, salient radiological characteristics, management strategies, and the resultant clinical outcomes. Result: The mean age of the cohorts in our study was 40 years with an age range of 25-80 years. Most of the patients presented in ASIA 'A' neurological grade (75%). The cervical spine was involved in the majority (68.75%) of cases. 8 (50%) patients left against medical advice, 2 (12.5%) were managed conservatively, and 6 (37.5%) were operated. The posterior-only approach was undertaken in 4(66.67%) cases. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula occurred in 2 (33.33%) patients. And cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 2 (33.33%) patients. The overall hospital mortality was 3(37.5%). All the surviving patients were of the ASIA 'E' grades. Conclusion: There is a continuum of physical, economic, psychological, and social burdens to both the patients and their care providers. Rehabilitation is the 'bottleneck' variable governing poor outcomes in our subcontinents. The poor economic status of the people has a ripple effect upon the same. This should also aid in the patient counseling as well as fostering the notion of the paramount need for dedicated neuro-rehabilitation units in our regions.


Microwave photonics is broadly defined as the study
of optical devices operating in the microwave to millimeter wave
spectrum, and interest in this field is continually driven by the
need for higher electrical frequencies and larger signal
bandwidths. However, electronic systems designed to meet these
specifications are becoming increasingly challenging to create,
while their microwave photonic counterparts offer a larger
bandwidth, lower power consumption, higher linearity, and smaller
footprint. Thus, microwave photonic systems are an attractive
solution for challenging problems in the domain of high-speed
electronics. This thesis will examine a specific component of a
microwave photonic system, a frequency down-converter. This device
takes two electronic input signals and outputs the difference
between the two input frequencies. To date, all demonstrations of a
photonic microwave frequency down-converter have been based on bulk
optical devices that limit its deployability to a real-world
application due to a large footprint. However, recent advances to
silicon photonic fabrication processes stand to improve the
performance and enable the mass-production of many different
microwave photonic systems including a frequency down-converter. In
this thesis, a library of passive CMOS-compatible silicon photonic
components for microwave photonic systems was developed.
Additionally, a high-saturation power germanium-on-silicon
photodetector showing a 70% improvement in photocurrent generation
under high incident powers, and a depletion mode optical phase
shifter with a V[subscript [pi]]L of 0.9 V xcm and an
electro-optical bandwidth of several gigahertz were designed and
tested. Finally, all of these components were assembled in a novel
architecture to create an integrated silicon photonic microwave
frequency down-converter. Initial measurements of this structure
showed an electrical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of -42 dB
and a suppression of spurious frequencies of approximately 15
dB.


In this paper,colloidal gold was prepared by four chemical reduction methods with citrate sodium,tannic acid,ascorbic acid and sodium borohydride as reductants.The optical properties,storage stability and labeling protein ability of colloidal gold prepared by the four methods were compared.The results showed that the color of all the colloidal gold was red with a little purple or red wine color.The maximum absorption wavelength was 510~525 nm.Particle diameter of colloidal gold was 5~20 nm.Stability of colloidal gold was affected by different storage conditions.Colloidal gold remained optimal stability at 4℃.Labeling protein amount of colloidal gold was affected by different preparing methods.


In this paper some advances in regularity results for a class of integral functionals with continuous growth conditions are summarized.They are mainly p(x)-Laplace equations and Zhikov's conjecture,regularity results for a class of integral functionals with growth conditions.


While social media can help a physician's professional reputation grow, the misuse of social media by others can be destructive.


This article examines the tribal stereotypes used in Bastar (Chhattisgarh) by some local institutions in their different representations and mise-en-scene of the ādivāsīs, the local authorities organizing " tribal " dance competitions, some local NGOs setting up workshops and selling " tribal handicrafts, " or the new government planning its tourism policy with perfectly arranged " tribal tours. " More specifically, it analyzes the aesthetic transformations of a Gond ritual into a dance competition promoted by the government. While the manipulation of symbols hides political strategies from some influential groups to incorporate or dissolve tribal people into the main (Hindu) society and aspire to a shared indigeneity, ādivāsīs also build their own image by appropriating the stereotypes projected on them through their musical performances. However , they are torn between Hindu nationalists and Maoists and caught in the crossfire between the " security forces " and the guerrillas, overwhelmed by the huge industrial issues behind this gory crisis. D espite their central position, the state of Chhattisgarh and its southern districts of Bastar 1 and Dantewada are little known to Indian people except for their image of a backward tribal area highly affected by Naxalism (that is, the Mao-ist guerrillas). These districts are indeed inhabited by a majority of tribal people (st, Scheduled Tribes) and local castes (sc, Scheduled Castes) that are considered " indigenous. " 2


Three years after the first report of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Clorinda, Argentina, a border city near Asunción, Paraguay, the city was surveyed again. Lu. longipalpis was found clustered in the same neighbourhoods in 2007 as in 2004, even though the scattered distribution of canine visceral leishmaniasis was more related to the traffic of dogs through the border.


It is challenging to propose a flexible and effective framework for various JPEG compressed image recovery (CIR) tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel deep deblocker-driven adaptive iteration scheme, which can quickly and flexibly address various CIR tasks. First, a novel fidelity (NF) is introduced into CIR, and then the CIR problem is divided into inversion and deblocking subproblems by our improved split Bregman iteration (ISBI) algorithm. Next, we design a set of compact yet effective deep deblockers. These deblockers are used as implicit priors and also used for NF in the CIR problem. The convergence of our method is proved as well. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first work to use deblockers as implicit priors. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our CIR method.


Fiber composite materials have been widely accepted for applications as secondary structural elements. Recently however, they are also being considered seriously for many primary load-bearing structures. The David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center has been conducting a program to evaluate the potential of fiber composites for advanced naval ship structures. As a result of feasibility studies performed by the McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company and the Grumman Aerospace Corporation, and a review of high payoff areas for structural application of advanced composites, the hydrofoil strut/foil system was selected as the primary structural element with which to assess the current technology status of advanced composites for marine application.


The fatigue effect of the HfZrO2 thin film sample plays a vital role in its application in the semiconductor field. This article explores the fatigue mechanism inside the thin film sample by studying the effect of various experimental conditions on the ferroelectric properties of the sample, and analyzes the experimental results. Then we study the experimental results to clarify the changes in the micro-physical mechanism inside the sample.Combined with macro-theory and micro-examination, we observe that experimental conditions such as the pulse width of the applied pulse will affect the change of the sample's remnant polarization values during the fatigue cycle. Finally, we try to optimize these conditions to achieve stable remanent polarization. This paper further clarifies the fatigue mechanism of the sample through the mathematical analysis of experimental data and the comparison of existing theories, and points out the direction for optimizing the application of the device.


Internal cortrol is very importance for corporation with the development of the moden corporation system.It is necessary to set up internal cortrol system in the corporation.the Author analyies the corporation.Author of the article analyse corporation internal cortrol lapse phenomenon and causation,then puts forward the method for it.we believe the method is effectiveness for corporation.


CLT( Communicative language Teaching0 has been popularized and implemented widely in the field of foreign language teaching in China since 1980s. It has become the core of FLT (foreign language teaching), and meanwhile the cultivation of students' communicative competence has been set as a part of target goals of FLT syllabus in China in the 21st century. Many textbooks and teaching methods are being used well under the guidance of CLT. As a result, CLT has been accepted by many Chinese linguists and teachers as the most productive way in general. However, there still exist certain conceptual misunderstandings over CLT.


The coverage for this bibliography includes all journals, reports, and other publications scanned between March 1, 1982, and March 31, 1984. The bibliography is divided into three sections: references, Target Index, and Residual Index. Retrievals may be obtained from this bibliography using the Nuclear Structure References computer file, based on target nucleus, incident particle, outgoing particles or reactions, residual nuclide, topic, or any combination of these. (WHK)


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to application of methylxanthine compound, in particular theophylline in day dose from 0.1 to 25 mg, and glucocorticoid in composition for treatment of chronic respiratory disease, such as chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, composition being introduced into organism by inhalation method for its delivery into lungs. EFFECT: combination of methylxanthine compound in low dose and glucocorticoid ensures synergetic effect with respect to improvement of lung function and reduction of inflammation. 19 cl,1 tbl, 5 dwg


The Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome have been studied in human beings. A similar syndrome was firstreported in Japan in Akita dogs. Several reports havea ppeared in veterinary literature in Canada, in the United States and in United Kingdom affecting different breeds. We described the clinical aspects of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-Like syndrome in twenty-one Akita dogs. The ocular findings include bilateral anterior or posterior uveitis or a severe panuveitis, cutaneous depigmentation around eyelids, lips, nasal planum, and scrotum which can present ulceration and crusting. The cause of the disease remains unknown and the administration of high doses of corticosteroids is the treatment of choice. This is the first communication of the syndrome in Brazil.


The crystal structure of a new polymorph of CdTe2O5, designated as the β-form, contains 2 ∞[Te2O5]2– (100) layers with an undulating shape.


The Institute for International Policy Studies (IIPS) marks 25 years since its foundation in 1988 by former Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone. The title, written by Mr. Nakasone, is translated into English above and in Japanese reads vertically from right to left. When transliterated into Roman letters, it reads as follows: Heisei 25 nen / Sekai de kagayaku / Nihon tare and is signed by Nakasone Yasuhiro, founder of IIPS and former Prime Minister of Japan.


Mobile subscriber numbers of in Turkey, where about 81.8 million strong, is experiencing the sectoral competition and has retention of customers due to changes in technology and new customers to pull in a significant market service providers in this field is concerned. According to BTK's data for the first quarter of 2020, approximately 3.6 million subscribers have carried their numbers, and the fact that the number of transferred numbers is approximately 139.5 million in total, encourages researchers to examine more closely the customer satisfaction and brand change at the sectoral level. The research was conducted to investigate the relationship between customer satisfaction and brand switching intention, as well as, the relationship between service quality, service pricing, customer service and value-added services with customer satisfaction. The universe of the research consists of consumers who use GSM operators in Turkey. Within the scope of the research, "convenience sampling" method was applied from non-random samples. Considering that it could represent the universe, the number of samples was evaluated on the basis of the data in 420 questionnaires. Permission for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bingöl University with the decision number 92342550/044/ at the meeting dated 30/10/2020 and numbered E./19937 of the relevant board. To test the proposed structural model, the structural equation model Smart PLS 3.0 (PLS-SEM) based on partial least squares was used. In order to determine the validity of the research model, the construct, distinction and coherence validities were examined. Bootstrapping technique was applied to test the hypotheses aimed to be measured in the study. When the path analysis results are examined, it has been determined that service quality, service pricing, customer service and value-added services positively affect customer satisfaction. In addition, it has been determined as a result of the analysis that customer satisfaction has a negative effect on the brand switching intention. * Öğr. Gör. Dr, Bingöl Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, Yönetim ve Organizasyon Lecturer Dr, Bingöl University, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Management and Organization Department 0000-0001-9365-8677 firstname.lastname@example.com ** Dr, T.C. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Dr, Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education 0000-0003-0643-6932 email@example.com *** Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Oğuzeli Meslek Yüksekokulu, Mülkiyet Koruma ve Güvenlik Assistant Professor, Gaziantep University, Vocational School of Oğuzeli, Department of Property Protection and Security 0000-0002-8718-1822 email@example.com 544 Sinan Çavuşoğlu Kazım Dağ Bülent Demirağ Turkish Studies Social, 16(2) Structured Abstract: With its extensive use of mobile telecommunications, the mobile services market is now recognized as the most competitive part of the telecommunications industry. The emergence of competitive markets has led to a decrease in prices, resulting in widespread use, greater variety and quality of mobile services (Hashed Ahmed Nasser et al., 2012: 171). In the highly competitive telecom sector, especially the attractive strategies implemented by mobile operators towards customers (such as facilitating number porting and reducing the contracts with customers up to one year, etc.) are thought to strengthen the brand switching intentions of unsatisfied customers. Despite having a different market share of existing businesses as service providers in Turkey, retain existing customers and new ones is possible to say that all service providers have said drawing a significant impact on the market. It would not be wrong to say that it is important for all three providers (Türk Telekom, Turkcell and Vodafone), especially in retaining existing customers and attracting new ones. In Turkey, the number so high as to prevent the data transport speed according to the BTK (Information and Communication Technologies Authority, TURKEY) brand switching and keeping customers for businesses seem to be an arduous task. Because brand change is considered as a result of lack of customer retention (Althonayan et al., 2015: 63). Although there are many reasons for brand switching (Velnampy & Sivesan, 2012: 2; Upamannyu & Sankpal, 2014: 276; Balaji, 2009: 53; Pileliene & Grigaliunaite, 2017: 330; Nortey et al., 2013: 359; Almossawi, 2012) Customer satisfaction appears to be an important factor. The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and brand switching intention. The study also aimed to determine the relationship between customer service, service pricing, service quality and value added services with customer satisfaction. In general, service quality is based on the comparison between customers' expectations and their perceptions of the service provided (Palamidovska-Sterjadovska & CiunovaShuleska, 2017: 200). Service quality is the evaluation of the customer's general perceptions about service performance (Akroush et al., 2015: 56). Service quality is the overall fineness of a service, while satisfaction is process specific. In other words, when the perceived service exceeds expectations, customers are satisfied. Therefore, it can be said that a positive service quality creates satisfaction (Hossain & Ahmed, 2018: 107). Price has a significant effect on branding switching behavior. When customers notice a mismatch in the price and quality of the services offered, they generally evaluate low price offers (Rao et al., 2016: 105). Lee and Murphy (2005) stated that price is the most important factor affecting customer satisfaction. For this reason, perceived quality and price justice should be taken into consideration by managers in creating customer satisfaction (Hayan & Samaan, 2015: 1). Satisfaction causes customers to buy again and more often. Customers with a high level of satisfaction have a greater tendency to repurchase and tolerate price changes (Özer et al., 2013: 432). Makwana et al. (2014) in their studies on the factors affecting brand change behavior in the telecommunications industry, they stated that consumer branding behavior can be controlled and retain customers by applying effective pricing strategies. Kursunluoglu (2011) states that customer service explains both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, so it is important for retailers to focus on these factors in their strategic decisions. Positive customer opinion automatically leads to positive behavior towards the service provider (Ratnasari et al., 2020: 475). Customer service quality increases customer satisfaction and business performance (Akroush et al., 2015: 57). Value-added services in the GSM industry can be expanded to include abstract objects such as SMS, MMS, WAP, GPRS, music, news, games, video calls. However, the variety of these services, interface level quality, user-friendly applications, and regular updates and upgrades are critical criteria for the quality of value added services (Althonayan et al., 2015: 63). Makwana et al. (2014), value added services and pricing strategies are shown as an important factor affecting consumer behavior while changing brands in the telecom sector. But not all consumers who switch providers do so out of lack of customer satisfaction. Calvo-Porral & LévyMangin (2015) propose to customize mobile services to provide higher value to customers, where value-added services are more satisfying to consumers. There is competition among mobile operators in order to keep existing customers and reach the maximum number of new customers. Due to this competition, customer satisfaction plays an important role in retaining existing customers in the telecommunication sector (Hashed Ahmed Nasser et al., 2012: 172). One of the most important challenges faced by telecommunications companies in many countries, is how they manage their services and improve quality, which is of paramount importance for customer satisfaction (Pahari et al., 2017: 1). Customer satisfaction affects a company's presence in the market (Andrianaa et al., 2019: 187). Satisfaction is clearly an important part of the brand switching process (Gray et al., 2016: 782). Brand switching can be defined as the process of transitioning to a product or service due to dissatisfaction or other problems Müşteri Tatmini ve Marka Değiştirme Niyeti: Türkiye'de Mobil Hizmetler Üzerine... 545 www.turkishstudies.net/social (Appiah et al., 2019: 467). Rao et al. (2016: 104) stated that as the factors affecting brand switching in wireless telecom services, service quality comes first, followed by price and product features. The research population consists of the consumers, who use GSM operator, in Turkey. Within the scope of the research, "convenience sampling" method was applied among non-random samples. Considering that it could represent the universe, the number of samples was evaluated on the basis of the data in 420 questionnaires. Permission for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bingöl University with the decision number 92342550/044/ at the meeting dated 30/10/2020 and numbered E./19937 of the relevant board. To test the proposed structural model, the structural equation model Smart PLS 3.0 (PLS-SEM) based on partial least squares was used. The Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR) values were examined to determine the coherence validity. Factor loadings were calculated to determine the construct validity, and the square root of the AVE value for discrimination validity. When the path analysis results are examined, service quality (ß =.186, p <0.01), service pricing (ß =.161, p <0.01), customer services (ß =.381, p <0.001) and value added services (ß =.285, p <0.001) was found to positively affect customer satisfaction. In addition, it was determined as a result of the analysis that customer satisfaction (ß = -.443, p <0.001) has a ne


The Internet of things generally as IoT is a concept of sharing the network between different network objects through internet connectivity. The main objective of this project is to help the agriculturists during the irrigation process. IoT plays a major role in the grazing fields. The Smart irrigation system minimizes the wastage of water and helps farmers for successful usage of the water and besides the crop development. In the proposed paper we are describing an efficient system of irrigation to minimize the consumption of water in the. This in turn grants a remote control mechanism to monitor the process of irrigation. This irrigation process is automated only if the moisture, Temperature levels of the field falls below the reference value. The notifications that are retrieved by the sensor are sent to farmers mobile at a given period of time. The farmers can get SMS about the condition of the soil (whether soil is dry or wet) based the dryness of the soil. The farmers can easily operate the motor and can easily monitor all the operation in the fields. This intelligent Irrigation system's efficiency is greater than 90% when compared with traditional method. Hence the designed system will provide the complete readings of the content of humidity in the soil and the timely records the temperature as well. This recorded data helps the farmers to inspect the proper functioning of the system and to supply the water into the field in the proper proportions.


We discuss the design of a cold atom source for a neutral strontium optical frequency standard. The cooling laser light at 461 nm is produced by sum frequency generation by a KTP crystal inside a doubly resonant cavity. Up to 120 mW of blue light are generated. We also describe the atomic beam and the Zeeman slower from which the atoms are captured.


The paper studies the 3 dimension random fields modeling for spatial soil properties and the technique of axisymmetric random field's discretization by using local average approach. The computation and assembly method of covariance matrix is proposed in the paper. The algorithm for generating multi dimension correlated normal distributed random sample vector is also presented. The Neumann stochastic finite element method is applied to analyze the reliability of pile settlement, and the reliability index of the test pile settlement is obtained by using the Neumann SFEM program compiled by the author.


The influence of solid propellant on warhead damage effect was studied by these quantitative parameters including lead cylinder compression value,lead block volume,shock wave overpressure and impulse.Influencing factors that effect lead cylinder compression value of warhead charge/propellant system was also discussed.The results show that four kinds of propellants all could enhance lead cylinder compression value of warhead charge/propellant system in different degrees.Contribution to lead cylinder compression value of warhead charge/ propellant system by four groups HTPB propellant is more than that by three groups HTPB propellant(HTPB-3).Increased percentage of lead block volume is 81.4% and 54%,respectively.When scaled distance ranges from 3.5 m·kg-1/3 to 12.5 m·kg-1/3,HTPB-3 contributes to shock wave overpressure TNT equivalence and impulse TNT equivalence of 1 kg PBXN/0.6 kg HTPB-3 system by an increase of 18.7% and 19.7%,respectively.


Traumatic epiphyseal separations may be divided into genuine and mixed forms. In the genuine epiphyseal separations, which are said to occur chiefly where the ossification of the epiphysis is not far advanced and thus especially in young children, the line of fracture runs exclusively through thé boundary between the cartilage and the diaphysis. The reason why the breach of continuity occurs here and not on the bound ary between the epiphysis and cartilage is, according to MATTI, that there is lacking here a partly cartilaginous, partly ossified transition zone. In the mixed forms the line of fracture runs partly through the boundary between cartilage and diaphysis, partly through the diaphyseal spongiosa, so that we have a combination of genuine epiphyseal separation and para-epiphyseal diaphyseal fracture. The separated fragment thus comes to consist of the partially ossified epiphysis with intermediary lamella plus the disrupted portion of the diaphysis. To judge from the literature, a genuine epiphyseal separation is a very rare occurrence, which in fresh condition can be diagnosed only when the epiphysis is displaced. WEKDT mentions as another clue to the diagnosis, in addition to displacement, the periosteal »manchette», which is loosened from the diaphysis and remains attached to the disrupted fragment of the epi physis. -But he comes to the same result as KAHLEISS before him, namely, that Eöntgen examinations yield no information on this point in fresh cases, while in older cases such a periosteal line on a radiogram may be due to any kind of contusion. He concludes by saying that in


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of TBX3 and MDM2 in laryngeal cancer tissue, normal laryngeal tissue and their relationships with clinical pathological characteristics, to elucidate their impact on the carcinogenesis and progression of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS The mRNA and protein of TBX3 and MDM2 were measured with real-time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR) and immunohistochemistry method in 55 laryngeal cancer tissues and its corresponding peripheral normal laryngeal tissues respectively. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of TBX3 and MDM2 were increased in the laryngeal tissues compared with its corresponding normal laryngeal tissue(t value were 13.226, 13.504, P value were 0.000, 0.000, respectively). The expression of TBX3 was relative to its pathological differential levels(χ2 value was 9.728, P =0.002). The expression of MDM2 was relative to its TNM stages, lymph node metastasis(χ2 value were 7.834, 13.257, P value were 0.005, 0.000, respectively). There existed a significant correlation between the expression level of TBX3 gene and MDM2 gene(Pearson analysis, r =0.479, P=0.000). CONCLUSION The abnormal expression of TBX3 and MDM2 in laryngeal carcinoma suggested that they may be involved in the development and progression of the tumor, and may be an early diagnosis molecular marker of laryngeal carcinoma.


This paper describes how an entrepreneurial mindset was integrated into an Avionics System Design class at Baylor University. This junior/senior level three credit class is an elective and is taken by both engineers and Aviation Sciences students. Students in this class learn about a broad range of avionics systems for civil and military aircraft. Topics include avionics system technology and architectures, system engineering principles, radar, electro-optical, and radio frequency sensors, displays, and communication and navigation systems. A major semester project is assigned to give students an opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of a specific area. An entrepreneurial mindset is fostered in three ways: First, students are encouraged to be curious and explore an area of interest. Second, students make connections among aviation systems both philosophically and physically. Finally, students are encouraged to make a project that creates value. The process of this integration and the learning enhancements and assessment tools and methodology are described as well as student project examples. Finally, survey data is presented to assess the results of this entrepreneurial process integration.


The study aimed to describe the steps for implementing Problem Based Learning with audio-visual media to increase motivation and mathematics learning outcomes, and describe the constraints and solutions in learning with audio visual media. The subjects were teachers and fourth grade students at SDN 5 Bumirejo. The data were qualitative and quantitative. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and tests. Data validity used triangulation of sources and triangulation of techniques. Data analysis included data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The interview on students' learning motivation in mathematics about decimals described 57.66% in the first cycle, 70.06 in the second cycle, and 87.40% in third cycle. The students' learning outcomes increased 70.73% in the first cycle, 79.63% in the second cycle, and 88.89% in the third cycle. It concludes that the implementation of Problem Based Learning with audio visual media improves motivation and mathematics learning outcomes about decimals to fourth grade students of SDN 5 Bumirejo in academic 2022/2023


Isotopic measurements provide a new method for revealing the sources of excessive water in buildings. The method is based on measurements of the abundance ratio of two of the most ordinary isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, that is the ratio of D to H and the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16. Those isotopes are to be found in all water and since the isotopes are stable while their concentration varies, every sample of water has a distinctive isotopic signature. The paper gives a review of studies that illustrate the possibilities of the method. A very recent case study shows, however, that new techniques for retrieving specimens from the air as well as from porous materials will further increase the usefulness of the method. The main concern of the ongoing work is therefore to develop such methods as described in the paper that gives an account of the problems that have been met.


Results of searches for exotic particles by the DELPHI collaboration at CERN are prented. Highlights from the searches for Flavor Changing Neutral Currents, Technicolor, Fermiophobic Higgs and Compositeness, in the LEP 2 data are shown. No evidence for new physics was found and the excluded regions of the parameter space for each model are presented.


The field study was aimed at examining the effects of music tempo and group size on the eating time of college students in the cafeteria.The results showed that 1) music tempo had main effects on eating time;2) the time spent by the single-person group was remarkably less than that by the multi-person group;3) music tempo and group size had an interactive influence on eating time,and 4) in the single-person group,there was a direct link between the tempo of the background music being played and the time the subjects spent——the faster the music tempo,the faster the subjects had their meals,but in the multi-person group,music tempo had no significant effect.


The purpose of this project is to develop a reference model and a prototype system for training management activities at the Office of Defense Cooperation (ODC) in US Embassy, Kuala Lumpur. A reference model is important as it serves as a good starting point for system developers to understand users' requirements, and it saves time, resources and cost, reduces risk, improves
effectiveness and efficiency, and reduces ambiguity. The prototype system, referred as ODC Training Support System (OTSS), will provide functionality that could not be fulfilled by a primary system, and subsequently complement
the primary system in order to achieve synergy and greater productivity. The reference model was developed using a simplified version of Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology, and Unified Modeling Language's (UML)
notations. The database application for the prototype system was developed using Microsoft Access 2000, and the Web interface was developed using MySQL database server, HTML, PHP scripting language, and Apache Web server. The system was validated through system requirement testing and IBM's Computer System Usability Questionnaire. It was concluded that, users' requirements were met and the prototype system was operating well, however, the system's interface and functionality were recommended for further
improvement. This project concludes by discussing problems and limitations that were encountered in completing this project, and offers a few recommendations for future development in this subject.


The preferred conformations of anisodamine hydrobromide,atropine sulphate,scopolamine hydrobromide,scopolamine butylbromide were researched by cooperative liquid phase microextraction (CLPME) initially.In addition,the selective extraction and cooperative extraction mechanism of organic solvent to the standards were interpreted.The effect of charge transfer supermolecule formed by hollow fiber and hyoscyamines on the extraction efficiency was researched in the extraction procedure,and the electrophilic capability of N atom in formation of the four compounds was also studied.The contents of the four hyoscyamines in preparations were determined by liquid phase microextraction (LPME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The calibration curves of the control articles were obtained in the concentration ranges of 0.05~5 mg/L (r0.99),RSD was lower than 7%,the average recoveries in raceanisodamine tablets and belladonna tablets were in the ranges of 95.0%~119.0% and 93.0%~95.0%,respectively.The detection limits of anisodamine hydrobromide,scopolamine butylbromide,atropine sulphate and scopolamine hydrobromide were 0.03,0.03,0.01 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L,respectively.


A computer program has been constructed to perform a qualitative analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance data on polypeptide sequences to identify α‐helical and β‐strand secondary structure segments. The criteria embodied within the program are some of those which have proven useful in studies where secondary structure was described by visual interpretation of NOESY and COSY spectra. Other rules used in these studies, however, remain implicit in the description of the analysis or are ill‐specified, so that they are not used uniformly across studies. The structure of the program presented allows the rules and assumptions of this qualitative method to be modeled explicitly and used consistently, allowing a flexible and understandable framework for investigating both proteins of interest and the method involved in the analysis. The system has been tested on data sets from twelve proteins and was in agreement with 97% of the ø‐helical regions of the proteins when compared to the reports in the literature, as well as with 95% of the residues included, and in agreement with 96% of the β‐strand regions of the proteins, as well as with 90% of the residues included in them. Over the entire primary sequence, the system was in agreement with the placement of 83% of the residues in the major secondary structures.


Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems provoked by excess nitrogen (N) concentration is still a major concern worldwide with severe consequences such as hypoxia, biodiversity loss, and degradation of drinking water quality. To face these challenges, a novel N mitigation measure has emerged in the last decades consisting of biofilters made of woodchips. Drainage water from agricultural areas infiltrate through a layer of woodchips before it discharges to an aquatic recipient such as a ditch or a stream. The goal with this technique is to provide optimal conditions for denitrification i.e. an easy degradable carbon source (the woodchips) and an anaerobic environment. There is, however, some concerns regarding the emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) which can be a by-product of denitrification.

Here, we present results on N removal and N2O emissions from 9 biofilters differing in age (1–8 years) and representing a total of 18 years of monitoring. The biofilters were all located in agricultural catchments in Denmark (temperate climate conditions). Nitrogen removal in the biofilters was estimated using a mass balance approach measuring N species dissolved in the water (total N, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium) using time proportional automated samplers placed at inlet and outlet of the biofilters. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured every third week both as gaseous form at the surface of the biofilters (closed chamber technique and gas chromatography) and in dissolved form in the water phase at inlet and outlet of the biofilters (headspace technique and gas chromatography). We take advantage of this unique dataset to identify the factors enabling to maximize N removal while minimizing N2O emissions. Furthermore, we make a first assessment of the potential impact of the increasing number of biofilters on N2O emissions in agricultural landscapes.


Needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals called raphides are increasingly being identified in microfossil assemblages from archaeological sites, including in sediments and as residues on artefacts. This paper reviews issues associated with the identification and interpretation of raphides in the archaeological record of the Pacific. It is argued that, with a better understanding of the occurrence, distribution, and morphological variability of raphides across higher plant families, more accurate and meaningful interpretations can be made of these archaeological microfossils. Problems with differentiating raphides from naturally occurring calcite crystals of similar morphology and optical properties are briefly raised and illustrated using the analysis of microscopic residues on Lapita pottery from sites in Melanesia.


This paper addresses the channel estimation issue for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems with lens antenna array. Firstly, we formulate the channel estimation problem into the framework of sparse signal recovery. The formulation takes into account of the energy focusing property of the lens antenna array as well as the mutipath sparsity in mmWave MIMO channels. Then we develop an expectation maximization (EM) based algorithm to learn the parameters in the formulation, thereby fulfilling the channel estimation. Finally, we conduct simulations to verify the advantages of the proposed scheme over the state-of-the-art counterparts.


Lineaments are important features showing subsurface elements or structural weakness and are in general extracted by visual interpretation of experts. Lineament maps given by the visual interpretation should have a gap because of a poor contrast of the segments in data. To generate lineaments, which are collinear and broken into a series of the segments that obtained from multispectral data of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), this paper proposes an automated lineament detection using land cover information in mixel (mixed pixel).Many lineaments can be extracted from a drainage system for topography. Therefore, elements of water system that estimated with the fuzzy reasoning was applied to synthetic edge data from first- to fourth- band data. In addition, the edge in the region of town and paddy field, which are no relation to lineaments, was excluded. And then, we generated segments from the resulting edge data considering the feature in each band data. As a result of experience, it is clear that the proposed approach using land cover information in TM data can permit reliable extraction of segments influenced by geological structures.


Selected formulae and procedures for securing specific objectives in staining with hematoxylin are discussed in this article. The separate sections are numbered serially for ready reference, and the subject matter of the paper is arranged under the following self-explanatory divisions:


One of the most recent goals of metallurgists is to predict mechanical properties of cast iron through computer simulation. Recent research has shown that the mechanical property map of gray and ductile iron castings can be obtained from computer modeling. However, the validation of the computation results was very expensive and difficult because the tensile strength of the casting only can be obtained from sectioning the casting. A statistical study on the relationship between tensile strength and ultrasonic velocity has been conducted. Some findings are reported in this paper. Experimental results have proved that linear relationships with statistically significance existed between tensile strengths and ultrasonic velocities for gray and ductile irons. Ultrasonic velocity readings increased with the increase of tensile strength of cast iron. Two regression equations have been obtained for gray iron and ductile iron, separately. Since thickness of at different location of the casting can be measured by CMM easily, through measuring the ultrasonic velocity, the local tensile strength of the casting can be evaluated. It is expected that ultrasonic velocity measurements will provide a powerful tool in tensile strength prediction in casting quality control and computer simulation of mechanical properties.


The motion of an electron in a magnetic field of constant gradient has been analysed by Seymour (1959), who derives expressions for the x and y coordinates of the electron in terms of elliptic integrals.


Inelastic light scattering by inter-Landau-level excitations of the 2D electron gas in high-mobility GaAs structures in a perpendicular magnetic field was observed at the energies of the critical points in the mode dispersions. For Landau-level filling factors /nu//ge/, structure in the spectra indicates the excitonic binding and roton behavior predicted by the Hartree-Fock approximation. The large critical-point wave vectors, qapprox. >((h/2/pi/)c/eB)/sup -1/2/approx. >10/sup 6/ cm/sup -1/, are probably accessible in resonant light scattering through the residual disorder that broadens the Landau levels.


This exercise is used with first year Religious Studies students on the Judaism module. They are required to complete a book review, the first part of which is to undertake a CARS check on the author. The exercise includes two examples of CARS author checks to help develop their understanding of the task.


Interaction between text and reader is a prominent concern in stylistics. This paper focusses on interactions among stylistic processes and subconscious microcognitive processes that generate changes to narrative and interpretation during reading. Drawing on process philosophy and recent neuroscientific research, I articulate this dynamism through analysis of a brief narrative moment from each of The.PowerBook by Jeanette Winterson and Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. I argue that high densities of stylistic and microcognitive perturbations lead to frequent narrative and interpretive changes in the two moments. The analyses reinforce portrayals of reading as intensely complex, dynamic and changeable. Complexity, dynamism and mutability also characterise the stylistic changes in the two narrative moments. This paper advocates greater attention to the role of volatile stylistic and cognitive microdynamics in shaping the reading of prose fiction.


Start from 2012, AI Technology was focused by the public again. As a sub-component, smart wearable devices are widely used with sensors for collecting the data about human body posture. Privacy and security problems are concerned by both users and developers in the using. Therefore, a reliable authentication technology with devices is necessary. This article is going to solve the problems of authentication using in the smart devices as smart bracelets. The article proposes an innovative method of smart bracelet authentication based on hand raising gesture and experiment the feasibility. Then, based on the research, a web-based program is designed and implemented using GIN framework to realize the bracelet authentication and user management. The sensors of the bracelets are used to record the three-axis accelerometer and the variation of the three-axis angular velocity of the arm movements. Features were extracted from the data set and classify them using a variety of algorithmic classifiers, such as multi-layer perceptron and random forest. Result indicators like TAR, FAR, and AUC are set to evaluate the effectiveness of the authentication method. In conclusion, authentication is feasible demonstrated by user identity web application but still need to be improved by diverse data in multiple environments.


Tarim basin is the largest and the least explored petroliferous basin in the northwest of China. In marine sedimentary strata of Tarim basin, Yurtusi formation belongs to Lower Cambrian has been proved to be one of the main source rocks. Yurtusi formation can be divided into two horizons, i.e. lower horizons consist of black shale,chert, phosphorite and minor limestone, black shale intercalated with cherts and upper horizons are dolomite. Al(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio and Si/(Si+Al+Fe) ratio of cherts rangs from 0.0023 to 0.0046 and 0.965 to 0.98, respectively, it suggests that cherts formed in the submarine hydrothermal venting environments which is far away terrigenous area. Trace elements, such as As, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, P, V, Ba, are abundant in organic matter rich sedimentary strata consisting of black shale,chert, phosphorite and minor limestone,and their concentrated factors are over 1. The Ba/Sr ratio are much more than 1 in cherts, shale and limestone, which has similar geochemical feature with modern sea-floor hydrothermal sediments. Th/U and V/Sc ratio range from 0.018 to 0.735 and 81.0 to 7800, respectively, indicating that they formed in ocean anoxia event. The geochemical characteristics of organic matter-rich sedimentary strata show that the cause of oceanic anoxia is resulted from volcanism and companied with hydrothermal venting in seafloor.


In the context of von Neumann projective measurement scenario for a qubit system, it is widely believed that the mutual orthogonality between the post-interaction pointer states is the sufficient condition for achieving the ideal measurement situation. However, for experimentally verifying the observable probabilities, the real space distinction between the pointer distributions corresponding to post-interaction pointer states play crucial role. It is implicitly assumed that mutual orthogonality ensures the support between the post-interaction pointer distributions to be disjoint. We point out that mutual orthogonality (formal idealness) does not necessarily imply the real space distinguishability (operational idealness), but converse is true. In fact, for the commonly referred Gaussian wavefunction, it is possible to obtain a measurement situation which is formally ideal but fully nonideal operationally. In this paper, we derive a class of pointer states, that we call faithful pointers, for which the degree of formal (non)idealness is equal to the operational (non)idealness. In other words, for the faithful pointers, if a measurement situation is formally ideal then it is operationally ideal and vice versa.


Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, are widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Recently, it has been reported that statins could suppress the inflammatory cytokines production (Th1 and Th17 cytokines), up-regulate T regulatory (Treg)cells and inhibit the maturation of dendritic cells (DC). The immune regulation and anti-inflammation effects of statins have been widely explored and applied in the neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD) , multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute central nervous system injury.

Key words:
Statins;  Immune regulation;  Neuroprotection


A Coupled-Integral-Equations Technique (CIET) for the analysis of multiple discontinuities and bifurcations in rectangular waveguides is presented. A set of coupled integral equations for the tangential electric field over the planes of the discontinuities are derived and then solved by the moment method. Basis functions, which include the edge conditions and mirror images in the walls of the waveguide, are used to accelerate convergence of the numerical solution. One or two basis functions are sufficient to accurately determine the reflection and transmission properties of H-plane discontinuities and bifurcations. Reflection and transmission properties of N discontinuities are computed accurately from a single matrix of the order of 3N x 3N instead of cascading the individual generalized scattering matrices whose dimensions increase rapidly as the distances between the discontinuities decrease.


Although Przewalski's horse can hybridise with domestic horses to produce fertile offspring (Ryder et al. 1978; Trommerhausen-Smith et al. 1979), the existence of 2n=66 chromosomes in Przewalski's horse identifies it as being more different from its domestic relatives (2n=64) than are any two breeds of domestic horse (Ryder 1994). They also show a number of other consistent differences in their appearance: the manes of Przewalski's horses are erect with no forelock, and the upper part of the tail has short guard hairs, unlike domestic horses, which have long, falling manes and long guard hairs all over the tail; a dark dorsal stripe runs from the mane down the back and dorsal side of the tail to the tail tuft; three to ten dark stripes can be present on the carpus and, generally, the tarsus (Groves 1994). Przewalski horses, contrary to domestic horses, shed their tail and mane hair once per year.


Double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a key signaling molecule that regulates immune responses by regulating macrophage activation, various inflammatory pathways, and the formation of inflammasomes. Meanwhile, PKR in neurons helps mediate stress responses of Aß to trigger apoptosis and affects cognitive functions. This study aims at investigating whether PKR can be a pharmacological target to prevent systemic inflammation‐triggered neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunctions.


Abstract —In this position paper we present a new approach for discovering some special classes of assertional knowledge in the text by using large RDF repositories, resulting in the extraction of new non-taxonomic ontological relations. Also we use inductive reasoning beside our approach to make it outperform. Then, we prepare a case study by applying our approach on sample data and illustrate the soundness of our proposed approach. Moreover in our point of view current LOD cloud is not a suitable base for our proposal in all informational domains. Therefore we figure out some directions based on prior works to enrich datasets of Linked Data by using web mining. The result of such enrichment can be reused for further relation extraction and ontology enrichment from unstructured free text documents. Keywords-Assertional knowledge; Linked Data; invisible information; ontological knowledge; web mining I. concepts of the ontology. Actually we see Linked Data as a I NTRODUCTION Information Extraction is categorized into three tasks [21]: Named Entity (in a nutshell NE) Recognition, Named Entity Disambiguation and Relation Extraction. Actually recognition of named entities deals with finding textual mentions of entities which belong to a set of categories including persons, organizations, places, etc. In disambiguation of named entities we relate the mentions of entities in the text to an external entity. Finally in relation extraction process we extract semantic relations between predefined named entities. By applying relation extraction process we can convert unstructured data (we mean free texts) into structured data. This makes it possible to apply so many algorithms in the field of data mining, question answering and semantic web [21]. To the best of our knowledge current methods for relation extraction are classified as follows: Manual relation extraction methods, supervised methods, semi-supervised methods and unsupervised methods. With emerging the web of Linked Data, so many researchers have tried to make use of its potential benefits [1, 2, 16, 17 and 30]. Also we believe that Linked Data has hidden potential benefits. There are some approaches which uses Linked Data to discover the relations between NE pairs in a text [3].


Muller cells have a multitude of function including a metabolic symbiosis and the processing of visual information. Muller cells are responsible for the maintaenance of the homeostasis of the retinal extracellular milieu-ions, water, neurotransmitter molecules,and pH. It means that muller cells play a important role in the internal environment of the retina. In recent years,there are many researches show that Muller cells express markers for neural progenitor cells even in the adult tissue. It is conceivable that the "Muller stem cells"could be used in the future for cell-based therapies to treat or prevent retinal disease.


Marine algal community signifies a huge source of compound endowed with ingenious structure and potential biological activities. Cytotoxicity of plant or fungal material is considered as the presence of antitumor compounds. In this study, ethanol extracts of seaweeds Dictyota dichotoma var. velutricata, D. hauckiana, D. indica, Iyengaria stellata, Jolyna laminarioides, Melanothamnus afaqhusainii, Sargassum ilicifolium, S. lanceolatum and Ulva fasciata occurring at Karachi coast were screened for the cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality for larvae (nauplii). Out of 9 seaweeds tested, ethanol extract of eight species showed significant cytotoxicity (LC50 <1000µg) on brine shrimp. Dictyota indica showed highest cytotoxic activity (LC50 =143µg).


This paper discusses some relevant characteristics of adjectives and adjectival agreement in Ibibio, a Lower Cross Niger-Congo language spoken in Nigeria. The existence of a closed class of adjectives in African languages is a point of controversy in the literature. While some authors suggest the existence of a small class of adjectives (Welmers, 1973), other authors have shown that there are African languages with an open adjective class (e.g., Mbum, Tikar, Tigrigna), and among those languages where the class is closed, the number of items ranges from 2 (e.g., Kemantney or Keley) to more than 100 (e.g., Dagbani) (e.g., Bohnhoff & Kadia, 1991; Delplanque, 1997; Houis, 1977; Olawski, 2004; Segerer, 2008). One of the main sources of debate comes from the fact that there is not a universal definition of "adjectives", so it is difficult to determine how many adjectives a language has. Dixon (2004) proposed a definition of adjectives that includes both grammatical as well as semantic criteria. However, most modern scholars prefer using a merely morphosyntactic one, even though the actual criteria differ from one author to another. Essien (1990) described adjectives in Ibibio, the language studied in the current paper, as being very similar to verbs in syntactic behavior, as both manifest concord with the subject of the sentence, as in (1) and (2), and they can be inflected for tense, as in (3) and (4) below:


Objectives: To identify occupational accidents in health professionals in a University
Hospital of Recife from 2006 to 2016. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional and
quantitative data epidemiological study was carried out using secondary data on the
accident report cards of work for the period from 2006 to 201 6 made available by the
Occupational Medicine sector of the University Hospital. Results: 442 work accidents
were reported, which 75.11% occurred in female subjects and 47,73% were of nurses. As
a characterization of the accidents, exposure to biological material was common in
56,79% of the cases. Regards the topography of the lesion, the professionals were mostly
affected in the upper limb (55,4%), followed by the ocular mucosa (10.64%). Regarding
the sector, the surgical and medical clinics stood out, with 13,35% and 12,44% of the
accidents, respectively. Conclusion: In order to reduce occupational accidents and
create an effective accident prevention plan, it is necessary to identify the accident
profile, health education and adherence to good practices at work, as it enables
systematic the professional and the collective.


The Epilepsies are a common, chronic neurological disorder affecting more than 50 million individuals across the globe. It is characterized by unprovoked, recurring (similar or different type) seizures which are commonly diagnosed through clinical EEGs. Good-quality, open-access and free EEG data can act as a catalyst for on-going state-of-the-art (SOTA) research works for detection, prediction and management of epilepsy and seizures. They can also aid in improving the quality of life (QOL) of these diseased individuals and contribute research in healthcare multimedia, data analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in personalized medicine. This paper presents widely used, available, open and free EEG datasets available for epilepsy and seizure diagnosis. A brief comparison and discussion of open and private datasets has also been done. Such datasets will help in development and evaluation of automatic computer-aided system in healthcare.


The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance.


A method of determining trace bromate in drinking water by an ion chromatograph was established with direct injection and conductivity detection but without sample pre-treatment. A Chinese-made ion chromatograph equipped with a suppressed conductivity detector was used with Shodex SI-52 4E negative ion chromatograph as the analytical column and 3.6 mmol/L Na2CO3 as the gradient eluent,the flow rate was 0.7 ml/min and the injection volume 500 μl. This method showed nice linearity (r = 0.99997)within the range of 5~100 μg/L,the RSD was less than 5.0%,the actual recovery of sample was 95.8~105.8% and the detection limit of bromate was 2 μg/L which could fully satisfy the requirements of the related standards. The method is of high practical value as it has the advantages of cheap equipment,easy operation,high sensitivity,good repeatability,low cost and satisfactory determination result availability.


Background There are conflicting reports on the effects of training on the remodeling process in post–myocardial infarction patients with ventricular damage. Methods and Results Twenty-five patients with reduced ventricular function (mean ejection fraction, 32.3±6%) after an anteroseptal or inferolateral myocardial infarction were randomized to an exercise group (n=12) or a control group (n=13). Patients in the exercise group resided in a rehabilitation center for 2 months and underwent a training program consisting of two 1-hour sessions of walking daily, along with four monitored 45-minute sessions of stationary cycling weekly. Before and after the study period, maximal exercise testing and cardiac MRI were performed. Oxygen uptake increased 26% at maximal exercise (19.7±3 to 23.9±5, P<.05) and 39% at the lactate threshold (P<.01) in the exercise group, whereas control values did not change. No differences were observed within or between groups in MRI measures of end-diastolic (187±47 pre versus 196±35 ...


A power leakage warning and protection circuit, comprising a power module (1), a first control module (2), a second control module (3), a zero sequence mutual inductor (41), an overcurrent sensor (42), a null line power leakage inductor (43), a trip coil (L5), a first silicon controlled rectifier (Q1), a reset switch (S2), and a power leakage display circuit (5); the zero sequence mutual inductor, the overcurrent sensor, and the null line power leakage inductor are sequentially disposed to generate resonance between the zero sequence mutual inductor and the null line power leakage inductor, and are all connected to the first control module; the first control module is connected to the control end of the first silicon controlled rectifier; the first silicon controlled rectifier and the trip coil are connected in series, and are both disposed between the anode and cathode of the power module; the power leakage display circuit comprises a second silicon controlled rectifier (Q2) and a first light emitting diode (LED1) mutually connected in series; and the control end of the second silicon controlled rectifier is connected to the second control module. The circuit realizes power leakage warning and automatic cutout protection, thus greatly improving safety.


An algorithm is presented for obtaining a solution alpha to a set of inequalities (A alpha) 0 where A is an N x m-matrix and alpha is an m-vector. If the set of inequalities is consistant, then the algorithm is guaranteed to arrive at a solution in a finite number of steps. Also, if in the iteration, a negative vector is obtained, then the initial set of inequalities is inconsistant, and the iteration is terminated.


Every company can fail when they make an attempt on a new challenge, and it is quite important to learn from the failure in order to avoid repeating it and improve their organizational capability. Unfortunately, few companies have been good at learning from failure. In this paper, we briefly showed a unique company in Japan, which had succeeded in establishing their system for learning from failure, and improved their performance and had sustained their competitiveness. We studied their strategic management, which optimized the organization with their learning activity from failure.


Attention mechanisms for dense prediction tasks require a relatively long time, and many methods study efficient attention mechanisms. However, these methods often overlook the recovery of important details in segmentation tasks. Recently, Disentangled Non-Local Neural Networks (DNL) has proven that attention computation can be decoupled to learn different visual clues better. Therefore, we propose Efficient Disentangled Attention Network (EDAN). Based on the efficient dual-resolution transformer model, the attention computation is split into two terms and decoupled, which achieves both high efficiency and accuracy in segmenting edges and small objects. Extensive experiments on two datasets, Cityscapes and AED20K, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed EDAN.


This dissertation investigates the relationship between economic growth and fossil fuel energy consumption through three interrelated chapters—each of which addresses a facet of the relationship. The first chapter argues that mainstream explanations for Industrial Revolution generally assign a pride of place to institutional—secure property rights—and technological innovations—the steam engine. Using interdisciplinary sources, this chapter shows that mainstream explanations are based on narrow empirics. More importantly, this chapter shows that switching from water to fossil fuel-based energy sources during the Industrial Revolution was not based on economic considerations since water was neither scarce nor more expensive than coal. Placing the Glorious Revolution on the same historical continuum as the Industrial Revolution—through their common link with the Enclosure Movement—this chapter argues that the real reasons behind switching to fossil fuels were political-economic. The second chapter argues that the relationship between economic growth and fossil fuel energy consumption has not been thoroughly investigated in the case of emerging


OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of nasal and oral disinfection with iodophor on lower respiratory tract infection after nasotracheal intubations.METHODS Totally 360 patients receiving trachea intubation under anesthesia were divided into three groups as follows: oral intubation group,nasal intubation group and nasal disinfection group pretreated with iodophor.Postoperative lower respiratory tract infection was investigated respectively.RESULTS The incidence of lower respiratory tract infection was higher in nasal intubation group(4.17%) and significantly higher than in oral intubation group(1.67%)(P0.05).The incidence was lower in nasal disinfection group pretreated with iodophor(0.83%) and significantly lower than in nasal intubation group(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS Incidence of lower respiratory tract infection after nasotracheal intubation is more higher than after orotracheal intubation.Nasal and oral disinfection with iodophor may reduces the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection after nasotracheal intubation.


In the course of almost fifteen years of plant collecting in Trans-Pecos Texas some interesting records have been obtained. A few undescribed species of plants have been discovered. A few other species not previously recorded for the United States and a larger number new to Texas have been found. Besides these records, the limits of several species have been noted. Undoubtedly future collections will bring other interesting facts to light.


In order to speed up oil exploration and development,reduce drilling costs and improve the comprehensive economic benefits of exploration and development work,the slim-hole has gotten more and more attention because of less consumption of drilling rig,mud,casing and lighter drill string.So the slim-hole drilling technology and related tools equipment else are being developed and improved quickly.But after finishing drilling,various problems appear in completion process.How to quickly,safely,and economically solve fish troubles is an important aspect to reduce the cost of drilling and completion.A kind of releasing spear with slim-hole spring shape slip is mainly introduces in this paper,and through introducing,its working principle and laboratory test show its advancement,practicability and reliability.


You've always considered yourself relatively fit for your age. You diligently swim and take group fitness classes. That was why it was surprising when you started feeling unusually winded during your workouts. In a recent class, you had to stop because you felt faint. This led you to get a checkup and, eventually, a follow-up with a cardiologist. The diagnosis is a heart valve condition called aortic stenosis. Stenosis means narrowing or obstruction.


The association of sarcopenia with development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) or knee pain in older adults is uncertain. We examined the relationship of grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM) with the likelihood of developing knee OA and knee pain in older adults in the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) Study.


The susceptibility of first instars and adults of Chrysopa oculata Say to pesticides used in tree fruit production in Ontario was assessed. Most organophosphorous insecticides except phosalone were toxic to both stages. The synthetic pyrethroids, with the exception of fenvalerate and flucythrinate, were generally more toxic than organophosphorous insecticides. Adults and first instars were equally susceptible to most insecticides. The acaricides and fungicides were not toxic at the levels tested. Methomyl and carbaryl were toxic to both stages, but pirimicarb was almost nontoxic. DDT and endosulfan were toxic only at high concentrations. Reasons for differences in toxicities were not investigated. In the field, azinphosmethyl and phosmet were toxic to larvae for at least 14 days. Permethrin killed larvae caged on foliage for ca. 10 days, whereas most survived on phosalone-treated foliage 1 day after application.