ABSTRACT The free-space evolution of a conically refracted Gaussian beam after being imaged by a lens is studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that, in contrast to the longitudinal symmetry of a regular conically refracted beam with respect to its focal plane, the imaged beam acquires a strong longitudinal asymmetry, similarly to other known coherent beams with complex internal structure evolving upon propagation. Paraxial amplitude expressions for the two conical refraction components of the imaged beam are derived as functions of the imaging lens focal length and of the magnification value. A very good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is demonstrated.


Maintaining and ensuring secrecy of valuabletradesecret offers competitive advantage to its owner over the competing rival. Because of this, the trade secret is often subject to various threats ranging from misappropriation, theft and corporate espionage launched by rivals and also the employee. Such threats can impede growth of the victimized firms and discourage further innovative and inventive endeavor. One of the ways to deter such offence is by providing specific criminal sanction for the theft of trade secret as practiced in the US and Japan. The US regards theft of trade secrets as a federal crime under the Economic Espionage Act 1996 and in Japan, theft of trade secret is a crime under the Unfair Competition Law. In comparison, Malaysian law does not provide any specific legislation criminalizing theft of trade. But being a member of the TTPA, Malaysia is required to criminalize such theft. This article analyzes the competency of the existing criminal, cyber and national security laws in Malaysia to address the issue. In doing so, the practice of the US and Japan is taken as example to shed light as to the proper implementation of criminal prosecution against the theft of trade secret.


of the world after each molt. That is, ommatidia viewing the most anterior region of the animal's visual space now sample a more lateral region of visual space. As a consequence, the retinotopic map in the brain must undergo comparable rearrangements to accommodate inputs from new ommatidia sampling visual space in front of the animal. The retinotopic map has been determined for adult animals at the first two synaptic layers in the brain (6), but that of the juvenile remains to be studied. The retinotopic map must be plastic to accommodate the changing retinal mosaic as the eye grows. Supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, National Eye Institute, and the National Institutes of Mental Health. C. McGuiness and S. Meadors received REU Fellowships from the National Science Foundation. We thank the f the world after each molt. That is, ommatidia viewing the most terior egion f the animal's visual space now sample a more ateral region f visual space. As a consequence, the retinotopic ap in the brain must undergo comparable rear ng ments to ccommodate inputs from new ommatidia sampling visual space front of the animal. The retinotopic map has been determined for dult animals at the first two synaptic layers n the b ain (6), but at of the juvenil remains to be studied. The retinotopic map ust be plastic o accommodate the changing retinal mosaic as the Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Morris Island, Chatham, Massachusetts.


The background of this research is based on 2019 election issues that spread massively in social media. From these issues comes the polarization and divides into two opposing sides. However, users are basically not presented with balanced information as a result of the recommendation system on social media. This research is expected to enrich the study of social media impact, especially on study of recommendation system with context in Indonesia. This thesis examines the recommendation system designed by social media operators tends to be uniform or aligned with the user's political views only. The phenomenon is The Filter Bubbles where the information circulating on our social media is filtered only in accordance with the user's own views. Polarization becomes an effect that can be influenced by the recommendation system because the acceptance of information from the user after going through a personalized curation system raises uniform news. This research uses quantitative approach with experiment method. The results of this study indicate that the recommendation system makes the polarization position of users more extreme. This is marked by increasingly persistent opinions and political views held by previous users.


Class of cellular automata (CA) for modeling reaction diffusion systems has been presented. The construction of the CA is general enough to be applicable to large class of reaction diffusion equations. The automata are based on running average procedure and on probabilistic table look up to implement diffusion reactions. The evolution of probabilistic CA simulates a spatially distributed process, given by a partial differential equation (PDE). The solutions are very isotropic despite the discreteness and the anisotropic nature of the CA. The adverse effects of discretization are overcome by the use of probabilistic rules. In order to obtain the assurance of the proposed method, the probabilistic CA approach for evolution of reaction diffusion process usually given by PDE is proposed.


This issue contains two separate Case Reports (Mukhopadhyay and Solomonz 2008; Garg and Gray 2008) on catamenial pneumothorax, i.e. pneumothorax concurring with menstruation. With more than 80 years of clinical experience between us, Harry Gordon and I have never seen such a case, but many of the Case Reports we publish are uncommon and, hence the curiosity associated with them. What is of importance in both cases was the failure of the non-gynaecologists to recognise their cyclical patterns and associations with menstruation. Both sets of authors mention the association of catamenial pneumothorax with endometriosis, the delays in making the diagnosis, the ineffectiveness of surgical management, and the reluctance of respiratory, chest, or thoracic physicians and surgeons to consider the entity. There is a danger as specialty training becomes more focused and condensed, and clinical experience of medical students in gynaecology is shortened, that our UK students, graduates, trainee doctors and specialists will underestimate the importance of taking a menstrual history when women present with a surgical, medical or even psychiatric emergency. The risk is not only that an early pregnancy or its complications may go unrecognised, but menstrual pattern variations in symptoms – pain, mood, endocrine functions and skin changes will not be noted. As gynaecologists, we need to reiterate these lessons to our non-gynaecology colleagues, and to at least enquire the date of the last menstrual period.


This Forum represents an experiment in scholarly genres and the dialogic process of knowledge creation. It asks four scholars to offer provocation: to articulate three positions on the ethics of li...


Use received from an access point (AP) radio signals RSSI value determined location of the mobile platform locking, at least one of these AP AP having a dynamic transmit power control. AP transmit power of data received from an entity separate from the AP (e.g., the central entity or positioning assistance server). Get RSSI value of the radio signal received from the AP of the RSSI as a heat map. Using the data transmit power, RSSI and RSSI values heat FIG determine the location of the mobile platform locking. Or by the mobile platform positioning assistance server determines a location fix. Further, the server may receive the transmit power of the data AP and may transmit power based on the data provided in FIG heat RSSI information to the mobile internet. FIG heat RSSI information may be, for example transmit power or RSSI data thermal FIG.


With the cases described, we strive to introduce single photon emission computerized tomography in combination with conventional computer tomography (SPECT/CT) to shoulder surgeons, illustrate the possible clinical value it may offer as new diagnostic radiologic modality, and discuss its limitations. SPECT/CT may facilitate the establishment of diagnosis, process of decision making, and further treatment for complex shoulder pathologies. Some of these advantages were highlighted in cases that are frequently seen in most shoulder clinics.


This paper addresses how to maximize the contribution of human capital regarding economic growth and regional development. Based on theoretical reviews and two cases studies, an optimal model is presented, and key factors that influence the output from human capital are proposed and compared to the earlier case studies. Suburban districts: Jiading and Songjiang in Shanghai experienced continually rapid economic growth and district governments have larger fiscal revenue than ever. According to Shanghai central government's plan, Jiading is designed as an industrial based region and Songjiang is set up to develop the only campus town in Shanghai. Governments of two districts invested in human capital and physical capital with different focuses. (Less)


Curvelets are a recent construction of a tight frame that provides a stable representation of 2 L functions with the property of excellent time-frequency-orientation localization. In this work, we employ Curvelets as a computational framework for low-level vision and present experimental results. We believe that the mathematical properties of Curvelets make them a more suitable framework for computer vision than their predecessors: local Fourier transforms, Wavelets transform or steerable filters.


A woman, aged 54, had for seven years suffered from an intensely irritable eruption. It had a sudden onset, which she thought was precipitated by overwork. It first appeared on the limbs, then spread over most of the trunk, but did not appear on the face till about three months ago. The irritation is so severe as to interfere seriously with sleep, but otherwise the general health is normal. There is no history of asthma in the family, but a daughter is subject to urticaria. Condition on examination.-Patient is a healthy-looking woman, who presents a generalized eruption, bearing much evidence of scratching. There is some cedema of the eyelids and eczematous dermatitis of the upper parts of the face and sides of the neck. The eruption elsewhere presents a mixture of lesions, chiefly definitely palpable reddish-brown nodules, about the size of a split pea. On the arms are a number of plane papules, in places coalescing to form areas very suggestive of lichen planus hypertrophicus, and a number of scabbed and crusted lesions. The nodular element of the eruption is more profuse on the limbs than on the trunk. There is slight palpable enlargement of the lymph-glands of the groins, but glands are not palpable elsewhere. There are no lesions in the mouth. Systematic physical examination shows no abnormality of the other systems.


IMAGING OF SCAPHOID FRACTURES Mihra S. Taljanovic M.D. Learning Objectives: 1. To review briefly normal anatomy including vascular supply of the scaphoid bone, mechanism of injury in scaphoid fractures, and classification of the scaphoid fractures. 2. To review complications of scaphoid fractures (delayed union, nonunion, malunion, osteonecrosis, scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse/SNAC wrist). 3. To review concepts, advantages and disadvantages, of all imaging techniques [Radiography, Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT)] that are currently utilized in diagnosis of the scaphoid fractures and their complications. 4. To briefly review treatment options of acute scaphoid fractures and their complications and potential complications of surgical treatment. Purpose: To be comfortable with the imaging work-up and diagnosis of acute scaphoid fractures and their complications in everyday radiology practice. General Content: Scaphoid Bone/Normal Anatomy The proximal pole of the scaphoid is fixed in place by the distal radius at its proximal aspect, radially and dorsally; by the radioscaphocapitate and long radiolunate ligaments volarly; and by the lunate and capitate bones at the ulnar aspect. The distal pole of the scaphoid bone is relatively mobile. Anatomic location of scaphoid bone makes it prone to trauma. Scaphoid Fractures/Imaging Scaphoid fractures are the second most common fractures of the upper extremity after the distal radius fractures. Approximately 65% of carpal bone fractures involve the scaphoid bone. These fractures are frequently seen in young adults as a result of fall on outstretched palm of the hand. Mechanism of injury may also be dorsiflexion secondary to fall, and hyperextension with radial deviation. Transverse tensile fractures begin in the palmar cortex. By location, scaphoid fractures may involve the proximal pole (15-20%), waist (70-80%), and tubercle or distal pole (5-10%). Scaphoid fractures can also be classified according to direction of the fracture line (horizontal oblique, transverse, vertical oblique) and the degree of stability of the fracture fragments. Fractures of the distal radius and ulna and of the other carpal bones may be present as well. After the clinical exam, standard radiographs should be the initial imaging modality for suspected scaphoid fractures. Dorsal tilting of the proximal pole and palmar tilting of the distal pole with scaphoid waist fractures resulting in dorsal angulation of the fractured scaphoid is described as a humpback deformity which is best seen on sagittal CT and MR images. If the radiographs are negative and the fracture is clinically suspected, MRI is the imaging modality of choice for detection of occult fractures.


Husum is a very small village on an island. Every few years, the residents have to leave the village because it is always under the threat of bombing by a mysterious aircraft.


56 References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,358,743 12/1967 Adams ................................. 164/154 3,759,309 9/1973 Nighman .................................. 164/4 3,886,991 6/1975 Meier et al....... ... 164/4 3,921,697 11/1975 Petry ................ ... 164/4 3,923,091 12/1975 Dorr et al. ............................... 64/4 Primary Examiner-Leonidas Vlachos Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ralf H. Siegemund 57 ABSTRACT The continuous casting of steel is supervised and con trolled by measuring total heat flow and the ratio of upper to lower heat flow into the mold and causing these two valves directly or indirectly to be represented in a two dimensional field. The resulting operating point must remain within an empirically predetermined range for safe operation without skin rupture.


Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a type of severe plastic deformation procedure for achieving ultra-fine grain structures. This article investigates artificial neural network (ANN) modeling of ECAP process based on experimental and three-dimensional (3D) finite element methods (FEM).In order to do so, an ECAP die was designed and manufactured with the channel angle of 90° and the outer corner angle of 15°. Commercial pure aluminum was ECAPed and the obtained data was used for validating the FEM model. After confirming the validity of the model with experimental data, a number of parameters are considered. These include the die channel angles (angle between the channels Φ and the outer corner angle Ψ) and the number of passes which were subsequently used for training the ANN. Finally, experimental and numerical data was used to train neural networks. As a result, it is shown that a feed forward back propagation ANN can be used for efficient die design and process determination in the ECAP. There is satisfactory agreement between results according to comparisons.


This title offers single-volume coverage of motor racing, past and present, at home and abroad. From Formula One to Indy Car, from World Sportscar to European Formula 3000, the history of major championships is presented in detail, with listings of drivers, manufacturers and diagrams of circuits.


(57) Abstract: freezing and refrigerating compartments, and a refrigerator having a refrigeration cycle, and, in a control method, and a compressor for compressing refrigerant, a condenser for condensing the refrigerant, for expanding the refrigerant capillary and a first evaporator disposed in the freezing compartment, and a second evaporator disposed in the first evaporator chamber and the series in the refrigerating compartment, the freezing and refrigerating compartments separately is divided into each other to cool the circulating a first fan which is grounded in the refrigerated compartment to circulate air passing through the first evaporator, the air passing through the second evaporator a second fan which is grounded in the refrigerated compartment in order to, compressor, and to control the refrigeration and operation of the refrigerating fans, it Te has a control portion for holding both compartments constant temperature.


Background: Achieving adequate amounts of physical activity (PA) confers important physical and mental health benefits. Despite this, people with mental health conditions often do not meet recommended levels of PA. eHealth, the delivery of health information through internet and mobile technologies, is an emerging concept in healthcare which presents opportunities to improve PA. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the use of eHealth to increase or monitor PA levels in people with mental health conditions. Methods: Databases searched included OVID Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Web of Science using a combination of key-words and medical subject headings. Articles were included if they described an eHealth technology designed to improve or monitor PA in people with mental health conditions. Two reviewers screened articles. Articles included in the qualitative synthesis were screened for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for experimental studies and Downs and Black Checklist for non-experimental studies. Results: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. A variety of eHealth platforms designed to promote or monitor PA were described in these studies; web-based (n=4), web and mobile application (n=3) and e-mail-based (n=1), one study used both a web-based and mobile application. Three studies reported eHealth interventions significantly increased PA levels, however it is unclear if eHealth interventions are superior at promoting PA compared to conventional interventions. Four studies reported that higher levels of PA, measured using eHealth, were associated with better mental health profiles.  Conclusion: eHealth interventions may be an innovative low-cost method to increase PA levels which may have knock-on effects on mental health outcomes. Although some of the included studies in this review demonstrated promising results, methodological restrictions and potential biases from using subjective measures of PA limit the interpretability of these results. Future research should evaluate this promising technology using well-designed trials.


In discussing the cancer mortality there are a number of questions which should be considered with it. While the figures which I have used are, within the limits of slight error, correct, such questions as the relation of improved methods of diagnosis to the cancer mortality, or the relation of changes in the composition of the population to the cancer mortality, must be given proper consideration in the final analysis of any cancer statistics. Whether or not these questions are factors of importance in the mortality rates of cancer is, at present, more or less a matter of personal opinion, and will remain so until through some laborious investigation their exact status will be determined. The population figures used here were compiled from the reports of the census bureau, and the mortality figures were all taken from the report of the Division of Vital Statistics of the Census Bureau. That


You can't stop the waves, but you can learn to surf (Jon-Kabat-Zin). The quote best describes the fate of businesses when befallen with unsolicited and unexpected market changes. The winning edge for businesses in such a scenario is to do what they can, with what they have and where they are. Healthcare industry is facing an acute competition worldwide. There has been a paradigm shift in the "modus operandi" of the industry to offset fierce competition. Over the time, the health institutions have been forced to adjust their pace with this fast moving competition wagon or suffer adverse consequences of being a plodder. Thus, in order to sustain in the market and cherish its long term goals, the hospitals in general have to manage diverse kinds of significant changes. New challenges and demands spring, as the hospitals try to grow and survive. Such has been the case with Ramzan hospital Srinagar. Despite having constrained resources at hand, the hospital refused to be intimidated by the formidable growth bottlenecks. The management of the hospital rightly navigated the challenges and resourcefully continued to progress despite potential odds. The case study explores the growth history of Ramzan hospital and throws light over the successful management principles in augmenting the hospital growth process. At the core of all its growth process is the focus on patient satisfaction. The hospital's challenge filled voyage can serve as a great learning source for anyone looking to improve healthcare in the developing world.


This paper introduces narrative theory and therapy, showing its relevance to addiction and recovery. A variety of techniques and clinical sensitivities are illustrated, the purpose of which is to enable clients to change.


The article analyses the necessity and possibility of variative education routes implementation in state schools as an integrate model of educational space. The author presents the results of the introduction of four variative education routes: for advanced students, students with health problems, students with low motivation and learning problems, and for talented students.


This paper proposes a multi modes AHB on-chip bus tracer for versatile System on Chip (SOC) debugging and monitoring named AHB multi resolution bus tracer. This bus tracer is capable of capturing the bus trace with different resolutions, with all the efficient built-in compression mechanism to meet different range of needs. In addition, it also allows the users to switch the tracer resolution dynamically so that the appropriate resolutions levels can be applied to different segments of the trace. In this paper for this work we are using the well-defined interface standard, the Open Core Protocol (OCP) and will be focusing on the design of the internal bus architecture. We are going to built an efficient bus architecture that support the advanced bus functionalities which are defined in Open core Protocol (OCP), which also includes different types of transactions using modes. Here we are going to compare the proposed method with the existing method in order to prove the proposed method is more efficient than the existing. We also prove some constraints like area, delay, power, efficiency. It is done in XILINX 14.2 version using Verilog HDL language.


but there are grounds for seriously questioning the accuracy of his reporting. The reader of this book will notice that in some instances there is more than one version of a case and the discrepancies are sometimes significant. (For some reason, the authors fail to inform the reader that the two sources cited for case 197 also give discrepant accounts.) Even if there were no inconsistencies of reporting, there would be grounds for being wary about taking some of Erickson's remarkable stories at face value. (In this context, it should be noted that some of Erickson's reported experimental findings bearing on the nature of hypnosis are also of doubtful status, although this matter is not addressed by O'Hanlon and Hexum.) Despite the above reservations, the present reviewer has no doubt, on the basis of his own experience, that "Ericksonian" methods can be very effective and economical of therapist time, at least in some child cases. However, if therapists employ some of the more bizarre interventions reported by Erickson, they could inadvertently harm patients and thus risk accusations of professional misconduct. Nevertheless, Erickson's interesting case reports merit careful, but critical, scrutiny by clinicians interested in effective therapy.


The biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) -contaminated soil by typical white rot fungus Phanerochaetechrysosporium was studied. The results showed that when initial PCP concentration in sterilized soil was 71.62 mgkg1 driedsoil, the ideal conditions were 0.10 mlg-1 dried soil of inoculation rate, 25% of soil moisture and 37℃ for P. chrysosporiumgrowth , and same of for the optimum parameters for obtaining the maximum degradation rates of PCP. When PCP concentrationat 50.05-175.72mgkg1 dried soil in sterilized soil, the degradation conformed to one-rate kinetic equation. In unsterilizedsoil with 67.50 mgkg1 dried soil PCP, the optimal inoculation rate for degradation of PCP and P. chrysosporium growthwere 0.10 mlg-1 dried soil and 0.15 mlg-1 dried soil respectively. The optimal temperature for PCP degradation and P.chrysosporium growth was 37℃. The rate of PCP degradation was 68.81% within 65 days under optimal conditions.


Binodal data for systems composed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) (4000, 6000, or 8000) and salt (potassium citrate, potassium sodium tartrate) were obtained using the cloud point method, at T = 298.15 K. Merchuk equation was applied for the fitting of binodal curves. Tie-lines for systems of PEG (4000, 6000)–potassium citrate and PEG (4000, 6000, 8000)–potassium sodium tartrate were determined by electrical conductivity and lyophilization, and correlated using Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft equations, to verify the reliability of the measured tie-lines. Data were compared with that of previous studies reported in the literature, giving an indication of which system is more efficient in terms of separation, taking into account possible combinations of salt's cations and PEGs of different molecular weight chosen for ATPS.


In this article we reflect on the efforts, difficulties and progress made in the partnership between the BAHR and the Paulinas Editions regarding the publication of research in religion studies. As it is a question of analyzing printed texts and their forms of authorization and circulation, we are guided by Roger Chartier's understanding of books and their uses. For this author, religious, cultural, political and social messages, like all reading, are not neutral discourses but rather exteriorizations of the perceptions of the social world. The BAHR, founded in 1999, needed a publication space - and a publisher - that sealed with the academic community the texts produced by its researchers. We verified in the article the process of constitution of this publication space with its members, pointing out the advances and problems that surrounded these editions.
Keywords: Religion. Society. Religious Diversity.


Abstract The morphology and histology of the sex pheromone-producing gland in the females of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), C. pinus (Freeman) (Tortricidae), and Malacosoma disstria (Hubner) (Lasiocampidae) is reported. A review of the literature relevant to such a study is presented in tabular form.


Hands-on learning in a laboratory is an integral part of the undergraduate experience for chemistry students. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, an opportunity for this approach was not possible. The pandemic has been forcing instructors to explore the remote setting instead of the laboratory. There are several commercially available kits for remote laboratory instruction in general chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry. Kits provide students with a majority of necessary items to conduct scientific experiments in their homes. Unfortunately, there are no commercially available kit options for laboratory exercises in an instrumental analysis course. Here, we describe a homemade kit that focuses on two important pillars of instrumental analysis: spectroscopy and chromatography. The total cost of the kit is about 700 USD; this amount can be reduced significantly if a "do-it-yourself" spectrometer is employed instead of a commercial model. Details about kit contents and experiments performed are described.


We study a one-dimensional random walk among random conductances, with unbounded jumps. Assuming the ergodicity of the collection of conductances and a few other technical conditions (uniform ellipticity and polynomial bounds on the tails of the jumps) we prove a quenched conditional invariance principle for the random walk, under the condition that it remains positive until time n. As a corollary of this result, we study the effect of conditioning the random walk to exceed level n before returning to 0 as n → ∞.


This work evaluated the selectivity of the herbicide oxyfluorfen ornamental plants tagetes (Tagetes erecta L.) and cravina (Dianthus chinensis L.). The experiment was installed in the Experimental Nursery (Garden) at the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal-SP and carried out from October to December 2010. Seedlings were used for commercial tagetes and cravina at the beginning of flowering. The application of the herbicide was carried out by spraying pressurized, on ornamental plants. The application was done at the temperature of 32,2oC, relative humidity of 55%, no wind and cloud cover around 80%. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications, six plants per replicate, having a destructive plant samples by repeating a week. The treatments consisted of oxyfluorfen at doses of 120; 240; 360; 480 g.ha and a control. Visual symptoms of phytotoxicity were assessed using the modified scale developed by EWRC (1964). Evaluations of the number of flower buds, open flowers, length of shoot and root in four samples per treatment per week were also performed. The samples were placed in an oven (70°C) until constant weight. All these evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA). The results were submitted to the application of the F test in analysis of variance for statically treatment using the Tukey test to compare means at 5% probability. Under the experimental conditions, the doses of the herbicide oxyfluorfen, were not phytotoxic to cravina. Despite undergoing some changes in color of the leaves, they did not compromise significantly the aesthetic effects of plants, in which case, considered selective for these plants. For the tagetes, the herbicide caused high phytotoxicity compromising plants development and especially its aesthetic effect which would not allow the use of this product as being selective to these.


Let $\varOmega$ be a domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$ (possibly unbounded), $N\geq2$, $1<p<\infty$, and let $V\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^\infty(\varOmega)$. Consider the energy functional $\mathcal{Q}_V$ on $C_{\mathrm{c}}^\infty(\varOmega)$ and its Gâteaux derivative $\mathcal{Q}_V^\prime$, respectively, given by $$ \mathcal{Q}_V(u)\eqdef\frac{1}{p}\int_\varOmega(|\nabla u|^p+V|u|^p)\,\mathrm{d} x,\qquad\mathcal{Q}_V^\prime(u)= \mathrm{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)+V|u|^{p-2}u, $$ for $u\in C_{\mathrm{c}}^\infty(\varOmega)$. Assume that $\mathcal{Q}_V>0$ on $C_{\mathrm{c}}^{\infty}(\varOmega)\setminus\{0\}$ and that $\mathcal{Q}_V$ does not have a ground state (in the sense of a null sequence for $\mathcal{Q}_V$ that converges in $L_{\mathrm{loc}}^p(\varOmega)$ to a positive function $\varphi\in C_{\mathrm{loc}}^1(\varOmega)$, a ground state). Finally, let $f\in\mathcal{D}^\prime(\varOmega)$ be such that the functional $u\mapsto \mathcal{Q}_V(u)-\langle u,f\rangle:C_{\mathrm{c}}^\infty(\varOmega)\to\mathbb{R}$ is bounded from below. Then the equation $$ \mathcal{Q}_V^\prime(u)=f $$ has a solution $u_0\in W^{1,p}_{\mathrm{loc}}(\varOmega)$ in the sense of distributions. This solution also minimizes the functional $u\mapsto\mathcal{Q}_V^{**}(u)-\langle u,f\rangle:C_{\mathrm{c}}^\infty(\varOmega)\to \mathbb{R}$, where $\mathcal{Q}_V^{**}$ denotes the bipolar ($\varGamma$-regularization) of $\mathcal{Q}_V$ and $\mathcal{Q}_V^{**}$ is the largest convex, weakly lower semicontinuous functional on $C_{\mathrm{c}}^\infty(\varOmega)$ that satisfies $\mathcal{Q}_V^{**}\leq\mathcal{Q}_V$. (The original energy functional $\mathcal{Q}_V$ is not necessarily convex.)


Rain vibration of cables is becoming a matter of great concern recently in Japan and other country for design and construction of cables-stayedbridges. The features of rain vibration are the strong influence of rain on wind-induced oscillation of cable. The cables in cable-stayed bridges, which are stable with respect to wind acting in dry condition, became very unstable with rain, and large amplitude oscillation of cable could be developed under low speed wind. The principal parameters that give a great influence in this phenomenon can be classified in two groups. First the group of the situation of cable were included: the orientation of cable, wind speed, reins intensity. In second group named cables properties were are included natural periods, damping ratio and property of the surface of cables. In this article is presented only a part of the bibliographic study performed at the Laboratoire Central des Ponts at Chausse, Paris. This part is focused on two aspects, the mechanism of the problem and the solved solution by surface modification of cables for elimination of this kind of vibrations on the cables. We point here the fact that even many investigation are made this phenomenon is not well known and not jet is found a mathematical model to simulate exactly the real phenomenon. Here are given only those solutions that tend two stabilise the cable by modification of the surface of the cable. These modifications of the surface of cables tend to "destroy" the water rivulets created on the surface of the cables. Doing so, for every speed and direction of wind and for any rain intensity the water rivulet have not chance to be created on the surface of the cable. These findings are taken from the experiments and investigation on the cablesstayed bridge of Normandy, Paris and cables-stayed bridge of HIGASHI-KOBE, Japan. INTRODUCTION Rain vibration of cables is becoming a matter of great concern recently in Japan for design and construction of cables-stayedbridges. The features of rain vibration are the strong influence of rain on wind-induced oscillation of cable. The cables in cable-stayed bridges, which are stable with respect to wind acting in dry condition, became very unstable with rain, and large amplitude oscillation of cable could be developed under low speed wind around10m/s. for the first time this phenomena have been seen in the bridge Meiko-Nishi (Japan) and after in the others cable-stayed bridges as: Aratsu, Higashi -Kobe (Japan), Dömitz (Germany), Erasmus (Holland) est. The name of these phenomena is made from Hikami [ ] 1 ] 2 in 1986 as « RainWind » phenomenon. The same name is also used from Matsumoto in 1988[ .


Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. In 2017, WHO included scabies in the list of neglected tropical diseases. Treatment of scabies is currently still having problems due to incorrect drug selection. The difficulty of diagnosing scabies has made the drugs prescribed were not appropriate. The purpose of this article is to discuss the types of scabicide that can be used and to review the advantages and disadvantages of using them. Scabies can be treated with scabies, such as sulfur presipitatum, gamma benzene hexachloride, benzyl benzoate, crotamitone, permethrin, ivermectin, and herbal therapy. Of these several scabies, permethrin is the most widely used drug due to its higher efficacy. It is hoped that this article will become a reference for clinicians in choosing the right scabicide for patients.


Given the increasing significance of knowledge spillovers in innovation, this study investigates and compares knowledge spillovers from arm's length firms in the industries (market) with those from sister firms in the same business group (network). By dividing the knowledge pool into pools within and outside a sector to which a firm belongs, we reexamine the ongoing debate on the relative size of the intra- versus inter-sector spillovers, and address a new question on the relative size of spillovers from networks compared with that from arm's length industries. We find that, although both intra- and inter-sector spillovers are significant, no evidence proves the dominance of either type of spillover, whether the spillover is from industries or from networks. More importantly, we find that spillovers from networks are greater than those from industries, regardless of whether the comparison was made between intra- and intra-, inter- and inter-, intra- and inter-, or inter- and intra-sector spillovers. Results imply that knowledge spillover is not automatic, and knowledge can be transferred better through direct interaction, which is more prevalent within network organizations, such as business groups.


The ventilation rate is an important parameter for assessing indoor air quality and energy efficiency. In occupied buildings, ventilation measurements utilising passive methods are preferable to active methods due to their simplicity and less intrusive nature. The perfluorocarbon tracer method can be used to measure long-term ventilation rates for this purpose. This method requires the passive release of a tracer gas which is often a liquid chemical diffusing out of a vial. The tracer gas emission rate is a key parameter of the vial design as if it is too low, the sampler will not be able to detect the tracer gas. If the emission rate is too high, the sampler can become saturated. Both scenarios will lead to inaccurate ventilation results. There is wide variability in vial design but little information about the relative impact of each design factor. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the emission rate of a common tracer gas, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, using different vials designs i.e. capping styles, septa materials, and fill levels. Samples were kept in an incubator and gravimetric analysis was carried out using a semi-microbalance (resolution: 0.01 mg). The results demonstrate that the emission rate is significantly affected by capping style but not by fill level.


In this paper, we study the problem of predicting the j-th order statistic and also  the geometric mean of  a future sample of size m from two parameter Pareto distribution  on the basis of the observed censored  records coming from the same distribution.  Numerical computations are given for illustration of the proposed procedures.


Reciprocity method has been applied and Empirical formulae have been obtained for calculating cross sections for (p,α) and (α,p) reactions on Zn(A=64, 68, 70) thick targets medium elements in the energy range from threshold up to 36.67 MeV proton energy and to 200 MeV alpha energy. The reciprocity method has been applied with good estimation of the cross sections for the reactions that have experimental cross sections.


In German intonational phonology two different approaches to model nuclear falling accents exist (cf. [6, 8] vs. GToBI [11]). While [6] and [8] assume only left-headed pitch accents, the GToBI system allows for leftand right headedness. Consequently, in the former approach one simple falling accent (H*L) is represented in the tonal grammar while GToBI distinguishes between two falling accents, a simple falling and a rising-falling one (H* Land L+H* L-). The present production and perception studies aim at providing phonetically based evidence in order to argue for one of the two phonological approaches of representing falling accents in German.


The technical and economic feasibility of a Thermal Gradient Utilization Cycle (TGUC), a new concept in power generation, was investigated. Power is generated by exploiting the natural atmosheric temperature gradient. A low grade energy source is used to vaporize a fluid which rises in a pipe to a higher elevation where it is condensed. The cycle is completed by passing the condensed liquid through a turbine as it returns to the lower elevation. A digital computer model was developed and used to simulate the operation of the cycle and to conduct a parameteric study. Life cycle cost analysis and energy analyses were conducted for the specific case of a TGUC using the ambient air at the lower elevation as an energy source. Although the cycle has a low thermal efficiency and is site specific, it is technically feasible. Variations in mass flow rate of the working fluid and elevation were found to affect the cycle power output to a large extent. The investment cost of a hypothetical 10 megawatt TGUC power plant was determined to be $3,080 per kilowatt, with life cycle busbar costs of electricity ranging from 47 to 55 Mills per kilowatt-hour depending on the method of financing.more » Results of the energy analyses showed that a TGUC system would have a positive net energy and a second law efficiency of 23% for the case of a TGUC system using the atmosphere as an energy source.« less


The construction and usage of digital library are rapidly increasing all over the world. This paper introduces the concept of digital library and describes the present state of national library, private library, and university library in Korea. Additionally the library of Chonbuk national university is presented in detail. Finally we discuss how digital library can be used in the educational field.


This study of the role of trade in the economy of Saxon England moves the emphasis towards regional trade, focusing on eastern England between 650 and 900 AD. Drawing on archaeological evidence, the thesis aims to uncover the organisation of trade in eastern England, to identify the role of church, royalty and rural communities in regional trade and to search for the most effective archaeological methods for assessing the nature and extent of trade. Following detailed descriptions of the archaeological data and objects which are indicative of trade, primarily in Yorkshire and Kent, which are indicative of trade John Naylor presents a synthetic and comparative discussion of the trade in staples and luxuries in these two counties. He considers trade networks, the existence and location of emporia, administration and the use of coinage.


A mathematical model for DNA quantification was calibrated using experimental results from real-time 260nm absorption measurements of plasmonic PCR thermocycling. The effect of different PCR parameters on template amplification was investigated using the calibrated model.


There have been more and more recent researches on communities' discovery in complex network. However, most existing approaches require the complete information of entire network, which is impractical for some networks, e.g. the dynamical network and the network that is too large to get the whole information. So the algorithms for local community discovery get more attention. In this paper, we propose a new measure of local community structure, and then a method to discovery community based on incremental model we created. We compare our result with the previous methods on some real world networks, and experimental results verify the feasibility and accuracy of our approach.


Nicolas Malebranche looks at the phenomena of imaginative contagion up to the point of madness, as in the case of the visions of sorcerers and werewolves. Although Malebranche relies on a psycho-physiological description, it becomes obvious that the responsibility for such contagions is not to be attributed to those who were expected to be the cause, that is would-be sorcerers, but to those who picked up on their deeds and gave them some importance. It is therefore the material conditions of these stories and the use made by them of the social and intellectual authorities that should be underlined. In the final analysis, the Malebranchian reflexion on imaginative contagion is a critique of the writers of such stories and of the anxiety they may produce in their readers' minds. At this point, the general explanatory schema according to which a contagion is due to the action of a strong imagination upon a weaker one is no longer relevant. For as regards the writer, given that he is impressed by the visionary's tales and has himself a strong imagination, this makes him all the more responsible for what he writes.


Databases often support enterprise business and store its secrets. This means that securing them from data damage and information leakage is critical. In order to deal with intrusions against database systems, Database Intrusion Detection Systems (DIDS) are frequently used. This paper presents a survey on the main database intrusion detection techniques currently available and discusses the issues concerning their application at the database server layer. The identified weak spots show that most DIDS inadequately deal with many characteristics of specific database systems, such as ad hoc workloads and alert management issues in data warehousing environments, for example. Based on this analysis, research challenges are presented, and requirements and guidelines for the design of new or improved DIDS are proposed. The main finding is that the development and benchmarking of specifically tailored DIDS for the context in which they operate is a relevant issue, and remains a challenge. We trust this work provides a strong incentive to open the discussion between both the security and database research communities.


Eighteen sets of cast antlers were collected from seven male white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus , maintained on a high nutritional plane. Density and chemical compositional differences were found to occur among deer and as a result of age and portion of antler analyzed. Antler density varied among deer, tended to decrease with age, and was lower along the length of the main beam than along the tines or at the antler tips. Chemical composition also varied among deer. Various elements were affected in differing ways by increases in age. Possible physiological and morphological reasons for these differences are discussed and a hypothesis regarding their behavioral significance is proposed.


26 The extraction of marigold (Calendula officinalis) oleoresin with supercritical carbon 27 dioxide SCCO2 was carried out in a small scale extraction vessel (2.7×10-4 m3) studying 28 different extraction pressures (14, 24 and 34 MPa) and different flow rates (15, 30 and 45 29 g·min-1) at 313 K. Then, using semi-empirical engineering scaling criteria (constant solvent 30 lineal velocity or constant solvent residence time) and the Broken and Intact Cell (BIC) 31 model, the scaling up to larger extraction vessels (1.35×10-3 m3 and 5.16×10-3 m3) was 32 theoretically investigated. 33 According to the BIC model, by keeping constant the CO2 residence time in the different 34 size vessels a good reproduction of the kinetic behavior should be obtained. Nevertheless, 35 experimental results did not confirm model predictions, and in fact none of the scaling 36 criteria studied resulted adequate in the marigold supercritical extraction scaling up. Thus, 37 using all the experimental overall extraction curves obtained, a new specific correlation was 38 developed between the Schmidt number (Sc), CO2 mass flow, bed geometry and the 39 supercritical mass transfer coefficients kYA with a good fit (R2 = 0.9767) for scaling up the 40 supercritical extraction of marigold. 41 42


Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a mechanism that enables service providers to specify virtual paths through IP networks. The use of MPLS in the open Internet (i.e., public end-to-end paths) has important implications for users and network neutrality since MPLS is frequently used in traffic engineering applications today. In this paper we present a longitudinal study of the prevalence and characteristics of MPLS deployments in the open Internet. We use path measurement data collected over the past 3.5 years by the CAIDA Archipelago project (Ark), which consist of over 10 billion individual traceroutes between hosts throughout the Internet. We use two different techniques for identifying MPLS paths in Ark data: direct observation via ICMP extensions that include MPLS label information, and inference using a Bayesian data fusion methodology. Our direct observation method can only identify uniform-mode tunnels, which very likely underestimates MPLS deployments. Nonetheless, our results show that the total number of tunnels observed in a given measurement period has varied widely over time with the largest deployments in tier-1 providers. About 7% of all autonomous systems deploy MPLS and this level of deployment has been consistent over the past three years. The average length of an MPLS tunnel has decreased from 4 hops in 2008 to 3 hops in 2011, and the path length distribution is heavily skewed. About 25% of all paths in 2011 cross at least one MPLS tunnel, while 4% cross more than one. Finally, data observed in MPLS headers suggest that many ASes employ some types of traffic classification and engineering in their tunnels.


ABSTRACT The best golfers exceed the length and accuracy of their driver strokes. The distance and accuracy of the strokes are determined by the impact factors between the club and the ball. However, it is not known whether there are differences in the level and consistency of impact factors within high-level performance players. This study aims to determine the level and variability of impact factors during full swing and evaluate the differences between high-level golfers. Professional and elite players achieved significantly higher clubhead speed as opposed to skilled players, which subsequently caused higher smash factor and ball speed. They also produced significantly lower launch angle with eight iron and lower spin rate with driver. Unexpectedly, the difference in consistency was found only between professional and skilled golfers in the variation of the smash factor which led to a lack of consistency in ball speed. In general, the results indicate that all performance groups are able to consistently repeat the impact factors during the full swing; however, the level of the impact factors distinguishes professionals and elites from skilled golfers. This study therefore suggests that the focus should be primarily on the quality of the golf swing and subsequently on its repeatability.


The local mechanical properties of silica-reinforced silicone composites were investigated using a modified atomic force microscopy technique. Elastic modulus measurements (1.5 ± 0.1 MPa) are consistent with bulk measurements (1.9 MPa), and changes in the modulus at the surface of the composite samples ( E = 1.5 to 3.5 MPa) were observed as a result of α-irradiation (dose = 1.7 × 10^10 to 2.0 × 10^12 α/cm^2). The sensitivity of the technique was demonstrated by a detectable change in modulus at even the small dose of 1.7 × 10^10 α/cm^2. The penetration depth of the α-particles into the material, estimated to be 22 ± 2 μm from the sample edge, was determined by cross-section depth profiling; and modeling of the ion penetration depth using transport of ions in matter codes (24.4 ± 0.4 μm) closely matched experimental observations.


To study the influence of na no meter transition metals on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP ),three kinds of nanometer transition metals (Ni,Cu and Co) were prepared from a n aqueous solution by reducing their corresponding metal salts. DTA was employed to test the thermal decomposition of AP in the nanometer transition metal/AP co mposite. Results indicate that the catalysis of nanometer Ni and Cu increases wi th the content of nanometer metals and the high and low temperature decompositio n peaks have a tendency of overlapping together. The suitable content of nanomet er metal Co powder in the composite presentes at about 5%,while the catalysis of nanometer metal Co results in the lowest thermal decomposition temperature of A P in the composite at about 288 ℃. The catalytic capability of nanometer transi tion metals accordes with the stabilization energy order of their complexes formed with NH_3 as a decomposed intermediate of AP: CoCuNi.


Flight mass spectrometers with orthogonal ion injection, comprising at least one pulser (41), two cylindrical capacitors (21, 22, 23, 24), a housing (25) disposed between the cylinder capacitors (21, 22, 23, 24) is arranged, and an ion detector (43), characterized in that (A) the cylinder capacitors (21, 22, 23, 24) each having a deflection angle of 254.56 °, (b) are the cylindrical capacitors (21, 22, 23, 24) and the housing (25) arranged to each other and electrically connected in that an ion beam (40) entering in an x-direction into the pulser (41) and by the pulser (41) orthogonal is pulsed on to this direction in the cylinder capacitors (24 21, 22, 23), located within the cylinder capacitors (21, 22, 23, 24) and the housing (25) on an eight-shaped route moves, wherein the velocity of the ions of the ion beam is maintained in the x-direction, (C) slot lenses (35) for focusing the ion beam on the end faces of the cylindrical capacitors (21, 22, 23, 24) arranged ...


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants.

DATA SOURCES
We used studies published between 1988 and 1994 identified in a literature search of 17 databases, including MEDLINE.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included if DNA amplification by PCR was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infants or children.

DATA EXTRACTION
Two investigators independently extracted data. The study design was assessed independently by 2 investigators who were blinded to study results.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The median reported sensitivity was 91.6% (range, 31%-100%), and the median specificity was 100% (range, 50%-100%). A summary receiver operating characteristic curve based on all 32 studies indicated that PCR has a maximum joint sensitivity and specificity between 93.2% and 94.9%. Subgroup analysis indicated that the joint sensitivity and specificity was significantly (P = .04) higher in older infants (98.2%) than in neonates (aged < or = 30 days; 93.3%). For infants at low risk of perinatal transmission (probability of transmission, 8.3%), the positive predictive value for PCR is 55.8% in neonates and 83.2% in older infants. A negative PCR result reduces the probability of HIV infection to less than 3%. No studies met all criteria for study design.

CONCLUSIONS
Although PCR is one of the best available tests for diagnosis of HIV infection in neonates and infants, it is not definitive. Therefore, PCR should be interpreted with the aid of careful clinical follow-up examinations. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR in neonates is lower than in older infants, which results in a low positive predictive value; however, negative tests are informative. Delaying the use of PCR until after the neonatal period or repeating PCR on independent samples obtained 30 to 60 days later will reduce test errors.


Objective: To observe the effect of three different routes on the induction of immunity to whole bacterial antigen of Vac A+ Helicobacter pylori strain (NCTC11637). Methods:Two lactating goats and one pregnant goat were immunized by different routes which were intranasal,subcutaneous and intra-muscular injection with whole bacterial antigen of H.pylori (6×109cfu/ml) cultivated by solid culture medium in respective immune procedure. Serum and milk samples were collected and assayed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which used H.pylori lysate obtained by sonication and ultracentrifugation as coated antigen. The levels of anti-Hp IgG and IgA in serum and milk were determined. The control milk and serum were obtained from the non-immunized goat and the immunized goats before being immunized. Result:Three immune routes all induced systemic immune response.The results of ELISA proved that specific IgG in serum increased while IgA didn't increase significantly,and that the specific IgA and IgG in milk all increased to a greater or lesser extent. Among three routes, intranasal inoculation could induce systemic and local immune response in different mucosal sites. Conclusion:Three immunization routes all can induce systemic immune response. Intranasal inoculation can induce mucosal immune response. and may be a safe and effective immunization route.


Abstract In this paper we approximate fractional-order systems as IIR filters using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The resulting implementations are low cost and high speed, with guaranteed stability. Our method implements the IIR approximation as a parallel combination of first-order sections, and quantizes each filter coefficient in fixed-point according to its own independent contribution to the frequency response. This makes it possible to explore the tradeoffs between system quality and hardware cost easily, with a short design time.


Mechatronics, which cooperate with or substitute human operators to perform a growing variety of tasks, are getting increasingly complex in order to implement difficult operations with comprehensive utilization of sensors, vision modules, actuators, controllers, etc., and the intelligent algorithms with learning capability running behind. Nowadays, mechatronics task in a wide range of fields requiring intelligent and flexible actions in unstructured/fast-changing working environments, which brought great challenges to decision, planning and control of advanced mechatronics systems. In recent years, the adaptive and learning-based methods have shown their vitality on perception, recognition, situation understanding, communication and trajectory planning, etc., with a great amount of proved successful applications in many cross disciplines [A1]–[A3].


Background: Resistive training has been introduced in exercise programs to improve the results of traditional rehabili- tation. Changes in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during resistive have mainly been measured out of the rehabilitation context, using discontinuous monitoring of BP, while exercising small muscular mass during isometric exercise or low intensity contraction. Method: The BP and HR responses to low, moderate and high intensity resistive training were continuously assessed in 21 healthy subjects. The total amount of work was the same for the three modalities, hence the number of repetition was inversely related to exercise intensity. Results: Blood pressure and HR increased from set 1 to set 3 for all 3 training modalities and were highest, intermediate and lowest during low, moderate and high intensity training respectively (all p< 0.001). Conclusions: BP and HR changes during resistive training are related principally to exercise duration. Short sets using heavy weights is preferable to limit BP and HR rises.


Background Resuscitation promoting factors (RPF) are secreted proteins involved in reactivation of dormant actinobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They have been considered as prospective targets for the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs preventing reactivation of dormant tubercle bacilli, generally associated with latent tuberculosis. However, no inhibitors of Rpf activity have been reported so far. The goal of this study was to find low molecular weight compounds inhibiting the enzymatic and biological activities of Rpfs. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we describe a novel class of 2-nitrophenylthiocyanates (NPT) compounds that inhibit muralytic activity of Rpfs with IC50 1–7 µg/ml. Fluorescence studies revealed interaction of active NPTs with the internal regions of the Rpf molecule. Candidate inhibitors of Rpf enzymatic activity showed a bacteriostatic effect on growth of Micrococcus luteus (in which Rpf is essential for growth protein) at concentrations close to IC50. The candidate compounds suppressed resuscitation of dormant ("non-culturable") cells of M. smegmatis at 1 µg/ml or delayed resuscitation of dormant M. tuberculosis obtained in laboratory conditions at 10 µg/ml. However, they did not inhibit growth of active mycobacteria under these concentrations. Conclusions/Significance NPT are the first example of low molecular weight compounds that inhibit the enzymatic and biological activities of Rpf proteins.


Abstract It has been observed in numerous studies that (a) tropical cumulus convection undergoes a distinct diurnal variation, and (b) this diurnal variation exhibits a significant contrast between land and sea. In addition, tropical cumulus convection, particularly over the Asian monsoon region and the maritime continent, is greatly modulated by the eastward propagation of the global intraseasonal (30–60-day) oscillation (ISO). Conceivably, the diurnal variation of tropical cumulus convection is affected by this global ISO mode. In order to answer this question, the equivalent blackbody temperature TBB observed by the Japanese geostationary meteorological satellite over the South China Sea and its vicinity were analyzed. The major findings in this study are as follows. 1) Centers of the TBB diurnal cycles during the northern summers are located over land around the South China Sea region north of the equator, while those in the northern winter exist over land around the southern part of this sea. 2) In t...


The decline in adolescents' physical fitness (PF) in recent decades has raised concerns about current population's possible future challenges with health and physical functional capacity. This study explored the associations between body composition, physical activity, maturation, and PF development in adolescents. Furthermore, PF development of adolescents with low initial PF was assessed. A 2‐year observational study was conducted between spring 2013 and 2015. Nine comprehensive schools and their 10‐ to 13‐year‐old students were invited to participate in the study (1778), and a total of 971 students (54.6%) agreed. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20‐meter shuttle run), muscular fitness (push‐ups), fundamental movement skills (5‐leaps test), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (accelerometer), and pubertal status (self‐assessment questionnaire) were measured at 1‐year intervals. Latent growth curve modeling (LGM) was used to study PF development over time. Change in fat mass had the strongest and most coherent associations with PF development during adolescence. Fat‐free mass, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, and pubertal status were associated with PF development, although not systematically. Subgroup analyses showed that PF development in the low fitness group followed a similar pattern as the whole population. However, their PF remained significantly lower throughout the 2‐year period. The findings suggest that fat accumulation is an essential detrimental factor for PF development during adolescence. Actions to prevent excessive fat accumulation might help to prevent future declines in functional capacity. Indications that low fitness levels sustain during adolescence highlight the relevance of detecting these individuals and providing interventions already before adolescence.


The increasing diversity of the US population needs nurses who can meet its needs. Yet, less than 2% of African American nurses have advanced degrees. There is little in the literature that addresses the disparity of minority nurses prepared at both master's and doctoral levels. There also continues to be a demand for nurses with advanced degrees. The National Black Nurses Association is concerned that minority nurses are underrepresented in the profession. A particular concern is that minority nurses are underrepresented at baccalaureate and higher degree levels. Minority nurses, prepared at master's and doctoral levels, have the potential to become advanced nurse clinicians, educators, and researchers.


Six clearcuts ranging from 0 to 11 yr since cutting in the Piedmont of South Carolina were sampled to estimate the rate of weight loss of logging debris and to study nutrient dynamics in decomposing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) slash. Density changes in wood were characterized using a negative exponential model. Decay coefficient (k) for small-sized pieces ( 7.5-cm diam) sized pieces were 0.079 and 0.072, respectively. Overall, woody logging slash exhibited a k value of 0.072. Logging slash in contact with the ground decayed at a 50% higher rate than aerial slash. Concentrations of N and P in woody slash remained relatively constant the first few years after cutting followed by an increase. Concentrations of K, Mg, and Ca decreased in the initial stages of decomposition and then increased in the later stages. A prediction model estimated that N and P quantities in woody slash initially decrease and then increase. After 7 yr, woody slash would contain 107% of the N and 94% of the P contained in the slash initially. Potassium, magnesium, and calcium quantities show a gradual decrease with time. Woody logging slash would lose 77, 56, and 50% of the initial amounts of K, Mg, and Ca, respectively, after 7 yr. Woody logging slash acts as a nutrient sink and may be important in nutrient conservation on cutover areas.


The main topic of this compilation thesis is the investigation of multipartite entanglement of finite dimensional systems. We developed a numerical algorithm that detects if a multipartite state is entangled or separable in a finite number of steps of a semi-definite optimization task. This method is an extension of previously known semi-definite methods, which are inconclusive when the state is separable. In our case, if the state is separable, an explicit decomposition into a mixture of separable states can be extracted. This was achieved by mapping the entanglement problem onto the mathematically well studied truncated moment problem.Additionally, a new way of writing the partially transposed state for symmetric multi-qubit states was developed which simplifies many results previously known in entanglement theory. This new way of writing the partial transpose criterion unifies different interpretations and alternative formulations of the partial transpose criterion and it is also a part in the aforementioned semi-definite algorithm.The geometric properties of entangled symmetric states of two qubits were studied in detail: We could answer the question of how far a given pure state is from the convex hull of symmetric separable states, as measured by the Hilbert-Schmidt distance, by giving an explicit formula for the closest separable symmetric state. For mixed states we could provide a numerical upper and analytical lower bound for this distance.For a larger number of qubits we investigated the ball of absolutely classical states, i.e.~symmetric multi-qubit states that stay separable under any unitary transformation. We found an analytical lower bound for the radius of this ball around the maximally mixed symmetric state and gave a numerical upper bound on this radius, by searching for an entangled state as close as possible to the maximally mixed symmetric state.The tensor representation of a symmetric multi-qubit state, or spin-$j$ state, allowed us to study entanglement properties based on the spectrum of the tensor via tensor eigenvalues. The definiteness of this tensor relates to the entanglement of the state it represents and, hence, the smallest tensor eigenvalue can be used to detect entanglement. However, the tensor eigenvalues are more difficult to determine than the familiar matrix eigenvalues which made the investigation computationally more challenging.The relationship between the value of the smallest tensor eigenvalue and the amount of entanglement in the state was also investigated. It turned out that they are strongly correlated for small system sizes, i.e.~for up to six qubits. However, to investigate this correlation we needed an independent way to gauge the amount of entanglement of a state and in order to do so we improved existing numerical methods to determine the distance of a state to the set of separable symmetric states, using a combination of linear and quadratic programming.The tensor representation of symmetric multi-qubit states was also used to formally define a new tensor class of regularly decomposable tensors that corresponds to the set of separable symmetric multi-qubit states.


Recent developments in Named Entity Recognition (NER) have resulted in better and better models. However, is there a glass ceiling? Do we know which types of errors are still hard or even impossible to correct? In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the types of errors in state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) methods. Our study illustrates weak and strong points of the Stanford, CMU, FLAIR, ELMO and BERT models, as well as their shared limitations. We also introduce new techniques for improving annotation, training process, and for checking model quality and stability.


Spermatozoa from the middle and the terminal segments of the rabbit epididymis were examined 2 to 35 days after experimental cryptorchidism for 24 h. Prominent changes were found in the nucleus, the acrosome and the tail. Many bent and broken tails were seen and it is suggested that tail breaks always occur in the same direction, perpendicular to a plane through the central pair of the axial filament complex. Back-calculations to determine what stage of development the cells were in when exposed to abdominal temperature indicated that spermatogonia were not affected and that primary spermatocytes were the most heat sensitive germ cells. Tail abnormalities occurred in spermatozoa that were in the proximal part of the epididymal duct during the experimental cryptorchidism.


We have studied the effect of doping on the temperature performance of a split-well (SW) direct-phonon (DP) terahertz (THz) quantum-cascade laser (QCL) scheme supporting a clean three-level system. Achieving a system that is as close as possible to a clean n-level system proved to be the strategy that led to the best temperature performance in THz-QCLs. We expected to obtain a similar improvement to that observed in resonant-phonon (RP) schemes after increasing the carrier concentration from 3 × 1010 cm−2 to 6 × 1010 cm−2. Our goal was to improve the temperature performance by increasing the doping, ideally the results should have improved. To our surprise, in the devices we checked, the results show the contrary. Although an increase in doping had previously shown a positive effect in RP schemes, our results indicated that this does not happen with SW–DP devices. However, we observed a significant increase in gain broadening and a reduction in the dephasing time as the doping and temperature increased. We attribute these effects to enhanced ionized-impurity scattering (IIS). The observation and study of effects related to dephasing included in our experimental work have previously only been possible via simulation.


Abstract The Afghan state competes for dominance with other local orders and structures. It constitutes a political space structured by external support in the form of political legitimacy (e.g. by international regimes), finance (external grants or development aid), military (troop deployment), and privileged access to information. It finds itself in the unpromising situation of having to respond to local needs and challenges in order to strengthen its internal legitimacy, and to (re-)act according to demands put forward by the financing bodies. These vectors of responsiveness and accountability diverge, in some cases leading to a situation that can best be analysed in terms of the rentier state. Rentier state relations shape the political-economic space in which parallel relations of power develop facilitating the political base of both a state class and of private rentier groups. Using the case study of Afghanistan, this paper argues that rent theories help explain some of the mechanisms at work in post-conflict states – at the same time, it is highlighted that rent theories must be less state-centric in their approach to grasp the dynamics of competition, cooperation and cohabitation at play.


Nutrient solution culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of Cd 2+ treatment (0, 0.5,1. 0,5. 0,10. 0 mg/L) on plant growth and some physiological characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L. ) seedlings. The results showed that Cd 2+ inhibited the increase of plant height and lowered dry matter weight of leaf and fresh weight of shoot. Low concentration of Cd 2+ (0~0.5 mg/L) treatment increased chlorophyll content though high concentration of Cd 2+ (10.0 mg/L) treatment could reduced it. Additionally, Cd 2+ treatment increased MDA content and POD activity,inhibited SOD and CAT activity in leaf.


The polytetrafluoroethylene-bonded carbon electrode on which silver was loaded by "ion exchange method" gave 300 mA/cm2 at −0.12 V (vs. Hg/HgO) for the reduction of oxygen in 9 mol/dm3 NaOH at 80 °C, and it may be useful for the oxygen depolarized chlor-alkali electrolytic cell. The high activity of the electrode was found to come from the fine dispersion of silver and the oxidation-treatment of carbon surface.


Various respiratory measurements were performed on 111 randomly selected children (10 to 11 years old) living in an industrial city with consistently high SO/sub 2/ and dustfall levels. Six had decreased maximum expiratory flow suggesting airway obstruction, possibly related to air pollution. V/sub max/ was the most sensitive indicator. Other measurements were within 95% confidence limits of healthy children.


Objective To explore the influence of homocysteine(Hcy)concentration on subtypes of stroke and dementia,and investigate the association between hyperhomocysteinemia(HH)and other conventional stroke risk factors.Methods The serum Hcy levels of 90 stroke patients were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The patients were divided into different subtypes,cerebral white matter lesions group and nonlesions group,young adults group and old group by age.Compared the serum Hcy levels of different groups.Using regression analysis,we examined the relation among HH and other risk factors.Results There was no difference of serum Hcy levels between young and old adults group,male and female group and the same result in different subtypes(P(0.05)).Statistically significant difference was found between the cerebral white matter lesions group and nonlesions group,dementia group and nondementia group.No correlation was identified between HH and other stroke risk factors.Conclusion An increased plasma homocysteine level is a strong and independent risk factor for stroke.It influences the development of dementia.


The necessity of greater investments in developing solutions that make products and
processes more efficient has become a continuous adoption of Brazilian companies.
This necessity aims to make production costs feasible in the face of fierce competition, mainly
from the Asian market, making the national products manufacturing viable and
competitive. In order to attend this necessity, this work proposes a jig test development, a
product test device, whose purpose is implementing a system with tests
automation and manufacturing process optimization of a video door phone in order to give
greater dynamism and efficiency on product manufacturing. This project begins with a study
of the factory necessity, followed by the specification and subsequent development of
the test device.


After recalling the axiomatic concept of fuzziness measure, we define some fuzziness measures through Sugeno's and Choquet's integral. In particular, for the so-called "homogeneous" fuzziness measures we prove two representation theorems by means of the above integrals.


in this paper, the running status of power supply of electric training equipments were controlled with electric power carrier signals.Try to leatn the usage of training equipment, maintain and update equipments timely and realize digitization of information management of training equipment.


A t the fivehundredth anniversary of the Reformation, which Protestant churches will be observing in 2017 in remembrance of the posting of Martin Luther's 95 theses on October 31, 1517, Christians must reckon with Luther's writings and engagement against the Jews. We must repudiate how Luther's devolution into binary categories against his enemies has had catastrophic consequences over the centuries and even up to our times. Though Luther embraced the centrality of the Jewish Torah's command to "love your neighbor as yourself," his actual practice in relation to Jewish neighbors was hateful rather than loving. This is something that we in the Protestant world must challenge, using the Reformation anniversary to undo whatever can be undone of the vast damage his words have helped spur against the Jewish people. In doing so, we must remind our own community that the Torah's command in Leviticus is not only to love one's neighbor as oneself, but also to "love the stranger." The Jews are the classic "other" or "stranger" in Christian Europe, at least until millions of Jews were murdered during the Holocaust. While Luther knew well the central ethical command of neighbor love, repeated in various forms 36 times in Torah, he was oblivious to how this command applied to actual Jewish people. Here is the story of how Luther failed Jesus by ignoring this command. The logic of Luther's political theology should have led him to a different conclusion. Luther articulated the centrality of neighbor love for ethics, especially in his treatise, The Freedom of a Christian. However, instead of defending the Jewish people according to the imperative of neighbor love, Luther targeted Jews as enemies through vicious polemic — advocating the burning of synagogues, confiscating prayer books, prohibiting Jewish prayer and teaching, abolishing safe travel for Jews — that has continued to echo over the centuries. Luther's ethical conclusions require critique, deconstruction, and repudiation. In controversy with his theological opponents Luther deviated from neighbor politics, in order to oppose and destroy his religious foes. Luther's polemic and writings against the Jews not only had disastrous consequences in his own time but his position continues to undermine the integrity of the Protestant theological and ethical heritage 500 years later.


Estuarine shoals are valuable areas with functions of nature, safety and navigation. It is of utmost importance to understand their underlying physical processes and long-term evolution to achieve protection. The first aim of this report is to determine the impact of wind-waves on long-term morphological development of estuarine shoals. The rapid sea level rise requires a valid model prediction of esturine shoal evolution in the future. Whether waves should be included for forecast needs to be evaluated. This rises the second aim to investigate wind-waves impact on estuarine shoals evolution under the sea level rise. A 2-D, process-based numerical model (Delft3D) is applied. This study sets up a large scale realistic model covering the whole Western Scheldt geometry and focuses on shoal Van Ossenisse by constructing high resolution grids and imposing wind-waves. Simulations are compared on a timescale of 50 years, with and without wave effects. Results revels that waves tend to slightly migrate shoals along their propagation direction. Waves erode sediment in the intertidal area, resulting in a lowering elevation of the shoal and high suspended sediment concentrations in water column. On the one hand, high SSC combined with wave asymmetry and wind-driven flow enhance sediment transport rate along wave propagation direction over top of the shoal, causing more sediment appearing in the lee side of the shoal. On the other hand, wave-induced suspended sediment follows tidal currents and transport to shoal edges where low bed shear stress exists. These cause shoal widening at lower intertidal area and upper subtidal area. Channel velocity hence increases with response to channel area reduction. This leads to erosion in the channel and channel deepening. In a longer timescale, waves impact do not lead to fundamental difference on estuarine autonomous behaviors. It reveals that waves impact may be sensitive to some parameters (eg. sediment grain size, tidal range, type of boundary conditions), especially in the inner channel. It is recommended to do more investigations. Sea level rise scenarios are carried out by imposing gradually sea level rise at the seaward boundary. Its timescale is 100 years. Both in wave and no wave case, sea level rise leads to elevation of shoal height and area lose in shoal edges, resulting in steeper slope in the intertidal area. Larger channel area and volume are presented with sea level rise. Waves maintain their function under the sea level rise. It lowers and widens the shoal, resulting in the increase of intertidal area and volume. Sea level rise does not change the tendency of waves impact.


We proposed an X-cut thin LiNbO3 sheet modulator with a folded Mach-Zehnder waveguide. A small footprint of 1.78×29mm, a low half-wave voltage of 2.4V@DC, and a 3dBe modulation bandwidth of 14GHz were achieved.


The phenology of San Jose scale, Cornstockaspis perniciosus (Comstock) was determined in a commercial apple orchard at Orange, New South Wales in 1983/84. Two full generations of C. perniciosus occurred, with a small proportion of the population possibly completing a third generation during winter. A minimum of 741 day‐degrees was required to complete a generation. The first generation of crawlers commenced 261 day‐degrees after capture of the first male in spring. Preliminary recommendations are given for timing pesticide applications against crawlers.


Temporal action detection is a fundamental yet challenging task in video content analysis. The performance of existing methods still remains far from satisfactory as the mAP reduces dramatically at high tIoU threshold. With the goal of predicting the starting and ending points more precisely, this work first introduces the action category label into the temporal proposal generation stage of the training process. Specifically, with the category information, we proposed two extra constrains, i.e, action based constraint and action-class agnostic constraints. The former aims at minimizing the discrepancy inside the same action category while the latter forces the feature of the samples aggregates in the same phase. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on the THUMOS'14 benchmark. A remarkable improvement of average recall is attained especially when the number of proposals is small. And our approach achieves 29.0% mAP at a strict firstname.lastname@example.com.


Objective:To compare various duodenal diverticulization operation with pylorus exclusion,investigate the possibility of clinical application and method of the duodenum closed exclusion. Method:According to the clinical data of 32 cases with the duodenum closed exclusion during the past 4 years,to compare with others technique,observe the complication,operative time and postoperative recovery. Result:In the 32 cases,2 cases recovered in the postoperative fifteenth day and twenty-first day which occured gastroplegia. 1 case occurred postoperative infection and recovered after change dressings,1 case with advanced stage of gastric carcinoma died after half a year,because of cachexy. Others successfully recovered,and there was no dead case who was relevant to operation in the near future. Conclusion:The duodenum closed exclusion is convenient and accurate,the trauma is little and complication is few,the operative time is short,it is more coincident with the principle of damage control,especially applies to these cases who are aged and physically weak,injure severely and don't have stable vital sign during operation.


The European climate during the Holocene period is characterised by frequent changes of temperature and precipitation. The North Atlantic plays a major role as a driver for European climate and is a dominant precipitation source, particularly for the western European and north African realm. Atmospheric pressure gradients over the Atlantic (North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO), Atlantic circulation patterns (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, AMO) or positioning of the Atlantic jet stream have been suggested to be responsible for precipitation patterns across western Europe. However, proxy data provide an inconsistent picture on how precipitation responds to changes in the Atlantic realm such as changes of Atlantic temperature (IRD), atmospheric pressure (NAO), water circulation (AMO) or the jet stream. Here we present a record of speleothem-based winter precipitation amount from Portugal. The record covers most of the Holocene and demonstrates that wetter conditions were synchronous in western and southern Iberia during early and mid Holocene. The record also shows a correlation between increased winter precipitation amount in western Iberia and Atlantic cooling, evidenced by Bond events, between 10 and 4 ka.


The reduction of Fe(CN)5L2− (L = pyridine, isonicotinamide, 4,4′-bipyridine) complexes by ascorbic acid has been subjected to a detailed kinetic study in the range of pH 1–7.5. The rate law of the reaction is interpreted as a rate determining reaction between Fe(III) complexes and the ascorbic acid in the form of H2A(k0), HA−(k1), and A2− (k2), depending on the pH of the solution, followed by a rapid scavenge of the ascorbic acid radicals by Fe(III) complex. With given Ka1 and Ka2, the rate constants are k0 = 1.8, 7.0, and 4.4 M−1 s−1; k1 = 2.4 × 103, 5.8 × 103, and 5.3 × 103 M−1 s−1; k2 = 6.5 × 108, 8.8 × 108, and 7.9 × 108 M−1 s−1 for L = py, isn, and bpy, respectively, at μ = 0.10 M HClO4/LiClO4, T = 25°C. The kinetic results are compatible with the Marcus prediction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 126–133, 2005


This article begins by establishing the structure of John 13 then looks at the three uses for foot-washing in the first century Jewish culture. It gives particular attention to the meaning of hypodeigma as a "model", in the sense of an architectural model used to describe the Tabernacle and Temple.


Let $f:G_{n,k}\longrightarrow G_{m,l}$ be any continuous map between any two distinct complex Grassmann manifolds of the same dimension where the target is not the complex projective space. We show that, for any given $k,l$, the degree of $f$ is zero provided that $m,n$ are sufficiently large. If the degree of $f$ is $\pm 1$, we show that $(m,l)=(n,k)$ and $f$ is a homotopy equivalence. Also, we prove that the image under $f^*$ of elements of a set of algebra generators of $H^*(G_{m,l};\mathbb{Q})$ is determined upto a sign, $\pm$, if the degree of $f$ is non-zero. Our proofs cover the case of quaternionic Grassmann manifolds as well.


Myzus persicae Sulz., M. ascalonicus Doncaster, Aphis fabae Scop, and Aulacorthum solani Kalt., when caged on sugar-beet leaves in the glasshouse preferred yellows-virus-infected leaves to healthy ones; they chose those with the most severe symptoms on which they bred more rapidly and lived longer than on green leaves. M. persicae behaved similarly on whole plants in the glasshouse. The previous host influenced the aphid's preference. Differences between the multiplication rates of aphids on healthy plants of inbred sugar-beet varieties were eliminated or reversed by infection with yellows virus.

Spraying healthy plants with either sugar solutions or hydrolysate of casein increased the multiplication rate of M. persicae, but much less than did virus infection.


The staff of the Oklahoma Transportation Authority has recommended a complete rebuild of the toll roads' electronic toll system, eyeing gear from Mark IV--the group that has been flying high on E-ZPass in the northeast and midwest. An attraction to this strategy would be that as a major trucking state, Oklahoma could use a fusion tag that provides functionality for trucking applications of weigh station preclearance and that will work in the E-ZPass system. The downside would be that Oklahoma would be using different equipment from adjoining southern states such as Texas, Kansas, Georgia, and Florida. However, since none of these states have business arrangements in place for recognizing one another's tags, it is only an academic loss.


Development of information communication technology: from data
warehouse to big data. Big data in business context. Performance measurement. Interface big data and keys performance indicators.


S 275 external pressures. In consequence, the use of force to reunify Korea has now probably been all but ruled out. While North Korea is looking for new options to break out of what has clearly become an untenable position, some analysts have concluded that this may prompt North Korea to develop nuclear weapons. Such a course may be part of the hidden agenda of unknown elements in North Korea. If confirmed, it would be very destabilizing for the region. There is therefore strong incentive for the USSR, the US, China and Japan to work together to solve the problem of North Korea's insecurity. The aim of other regional countries, including Australia, should be to recognize North Korea's predicament, albeit a largely self-created one, and work to encourage stability and transparency on the Korean peninsula while simultaneously encouraging confidence in Pyongyang about the benefits of change and of joining the rest of the Asia-Pacific community. This will be difficult in view of the rigidities that have been built into North Korean politics over the last 40 years. There would however appear to be few alternatives other than to work with the existing leadership in Pyongyang.


LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) is a multi-functional cytokine that can influence the development and survival of many different types of cells. In vivo, it wasfound that LIF could promote the survival of sensory, sympathetic, and motor neurons and could modulate the activity of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis.


A deaerating feedwater heater, equipped with a water level controller and a pressure controller, has been chosen to investigate the feasibility of a reconfigurable control scheme for power plants by incorporating the concept of leaming automata. Simulation results based on a model of the Experimental Breeder Reac- tor (EBR-11) at the Argonne National Laboratory site in Idaho are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the reconfigurable control scheme. basis. The situation becomes more complex with unstructured disturbances. An alternative approach is to apply the concept of leaming automata (2),(3) to continually monitor the system performance. In this approach, the control structure can be reconfigured, and the individual learning modules are made to be parts of the integrated control and decision- making system which dynamically responds to changes in the plant conditions. This time- dependent response results from the enforce- ment of an appropriate control law selected from a bank of pre-designed controllers (4),(5). The possible control laws could be formulated using the time-domain and fre- quency-domain analytical techniques (6),(7), fuzzy logic (8) or simple heuristics. The key idea is that no single controller can satisfy the performance requirements for all conditions of plant operations. The learning agent evaluates the system performance and recon- figures the system by switching to the control- ler that it determines to be most likely to achieve the desired performance at the given instant. However. poor performance may result due to incorrect identification of the plant operating c onditions, imprecise


Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounts for approximately 80-85% of all lung cancer cases, is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. With the advances of high-throughput sequencing, accumulating evidence suggested that the long non-coding RNA molecules, with transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides, have important roles in multiple biological processes in NSCLC. In this review, we will highlight the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in NSCLC, discussing both onco-lncRNAs and tum


The indoor thermal environment has become a critical factor, due to its impact on the energy efficiency of a building and the health and performance of its occupants. It is particularly important for educational buildings, where students and teachers are exposed to these thermal conditions. This study assessed the impact of natural ventilation efficiency and university students' thermal perception during the cold season. A field monitoring campaign and a questionnaire survey were conducted. A total of 989 students participated in this study. The results show that, although the CO2 concentration in 90% of the evaluated classrooms was below the European recommended value (i.e., 800 ppm), only 18% of the classrooms were within the thermal comfort zone defined by national regulations. These thermal conditions caused 55% of the students surveyed to report that they were dissatisfied, and that this environment interfered with their academic performance. Significant differences were found between thermal sensation votes from female and male students (p < 0.001). The obtained neutral temperature was one degree higher for female students than for males. Our results suggest that ventilation protocols need to be modified by adjusting the window opening strategy, and these findings should be used as guidelines during their redesign.


Recently, it is shown that the Kac–Wakimoto equation associated with e 6 ( 1 ) is not integrable since it does not pass Painlevé test and does not have three-soliton solution, even it has one- and two-soliton solutions. Thus in this paper, we investigate some new types of exact solutions for this equation based on its bilinear form. As a result, the rational solutions, kink-type breather solution and degenerate three-solitary wave solutions of this equation are found. The properties and space structures of these exact solutions are analyzed by displaying their profiles in (x, y)-directions. Furthermore, the Lie symmetry analysis is done to present the one-parameter group of symmetries for the KW equation.


The mobility in cognitive vehicular network can deeply influence the percentage of discovered spectral opportunities while the existing spectrum sensing algorithms often assume secondary users stationary or with low mobility. In order to investigate the mobility impact on SU detection probability, the spatial-temporal spectrum sensing model is extended to account for the SU mobility effects and the mathematical analysis of detection capacity for highway and urban scenarios are carried out. The capacity achievable jointly in temporal and spatial domains is introduced to measure the expected transmission capacity achievable. In order to corroborate the analysis, numerical results obtained from simulations are presented. It is noted that the probability of detection mainly depends on the event for SU being within the protection range. The PU spatial distribution, the PU protection range, the SU mobility model, the network region size and the PU activity affect the detection capacity and the maximum achievable channel access probability. The theoretical analysis is further validated through simulations.


The Sovereign Pole System (a.d. 600) is the first Chinese system to take account of the equation of centre for the sun and planets in the planetary theory. In this paper, we mainly discuss the motion of Mars in the Sovereign Pole System. First, we discuss the algorithm for calculating the time of Mars' first appearance, especially we discuss the influence of the equation of centre for the sun and Mars at the time of Mars' first appearance. Then, we discuss the segmented motion of Mars in one single synodic period and its accuracy. Finally, we discuss the method for computing the position of Mars at any given time and the error in longitude of Mars. The result shows that the innovations in planetary theory found in the Sovereign Pole System were a fruitful development in ancient Chinese planetary theory and it obviously improved the accuracy of calculation of the position of Mars. However, the planetary theory in the Sovereign Pole System is still relatively rough because it was impossible for Sui astronomers to obtain the correct model of the motion of planet.


Nowadays, all the cities of the word are replete with symbols, signs, and other educative and informational graphic elements considered to be the factor establishing order as well as assisting managers and executives in enforcing rules and regulations. Coupled with enacting the above-mentioned roles, they are also a tool for economic development. The prominent cities of the world compete with one another in terms of business and tourism; moreover, they are continually seeking more attractive and eloquent signs and procedures for guiding and attracting the visitors. Simultaneously, a plethora of buildings and centers are annually constructed all over the world, presenting more innovative and newer environmental graphic due to similar reasons. Service visual signs, traffic signs, visual and written guidance systems for private and public spaces, commercial advertisement, and dozens of other cases enact a highly significant as well as undeniable role in offering services, guiding, facilitating the traffic and urban transport, and informing. Environmental Graphic Designers can participate in properly organizing the environmental graphic elements along with architects, urbanists and other agents involved in design and construction of urban environments. Therefore, in the present study the attempt was made to investigate the role of environmental graphic in the beauty of the city and its impacts upon the advertising in the urban environment with a comprehensive approach.