The invention relates to railway fine tool machining auxiliary devices, in particular to a railway fine tool machining auxiliary clamp. The rail way fine tool machining auxiliary clamp comprises a base, a strip-shaped iron block, V-shaped grooves, fixing holes, pressing blocks, nuts, screw rods and positioning pins. The two positioning pins are arranged at the lower end of the base, and the strip-shaped iron block is connected to the upper end of the base. The four V-shaped grooves are formed in the strip-shaped iron block, and the strip-shaped iron block is provided with three isosceles trapezoid blocks in the middle and two non-isosceles right trapezoid blocks at the two ends. The middles of the upper ends of the two right trapezoid blocks and the middles of the upper ends of the isosceles trapezoid blocks are respectively provided with one fixing hole, and the upper ends of the other two isosceles trapezoid blocks are designed to be provided with the screw rods. The screw rods are sleeved with the pressing blocks, and the pressing blocks are provided with the nuts to be screwed on the screw rods. The railway fine tool machining auxiliary clamp has the advantages that the design is simple, using is convenient, fixing can be safely and effectively conducted, a plurality of fine tools can be machined at a time, the efficiency is improved, and cost is lowered.


The measurement of the time of arrival of single photons with picoseconds precision has been subject to a growing interest in recent years. In this field, conversion electronics with ultimate precision becomes of the utmost importance not only for demanding applications but even for most advanced sensors characterization.
We present the first fully-integrated Time-to-Amplitude Converter providing a state-of-art precision better than 6ps Full Width at Half Maximum (2.4ps rms) on a 12.5ns Full Scale Range. The TAC structure has been proven effective to combine picosecond precision with high linearity, i.e. lower than 1% rms. The single channel can achieve a conversion rate of several MHz and thanks to a low power dissipation and area occupation, it is also suitable to be the building block of a multichannel structure.


Low barrier quasiparticle tunneling spectroscopy on Sr$_{0.9}$La$_{0.1}$CuO$_2$ has been studied with PtIr/Sr$_{0.9}$La$_{0.1}$CuO$_2$ point contacts at various temperatures and magnetic fields. No zero-bias conductance peaks are observed. By fitting tunneling conductance to Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk theory, the temperature dependent s-wave superconducting gaps are obtained. The present results exclude the possibility of d-wave symmetry for the pair gap in Sr$_{0.9}$La$_{0.1}$CuO$_2$, and do not support the conventional phonon mediated pairing in this system either.


The performance test was made under identical ecological environment with four main breeds of meat duck: Beijing Duck and British Cherry Valley Duck and American Maple Leaf Duck and Fance Muscovy Duck The results showed that: The feathers of American Maple Leaf Duck are better than the other breeds in the meat production performance: They have fulfilled the requirement for sale at 47 days, with the average body weight 3 132 g, and of British Cherry Valley Duck maked 2 815 g, and of Beijing Duck maked 2 780 g, and of Muscovy Duck maded 1 753 g The result of dressing show that: the brawn dressing percentage of American Maple Leaf Duck which was 76 4% was higher than that of the others, 74 41% for Beijing Duck, 74 18% for British Cherry Valley duck, 72 21% for France Muscovy Duck This test also analysed with regression the relationship between the weight and forage consumption.


Objective: This survey study was carried out to assess the satisfaction of e-learning among undergraduate dental students. Materials & Methods: The questionnaire-based study was conducted in April 2020. The main target of research was undergraduate dental students of University of Health Sciences (UHS) affiliated dental colleges of Punjab. 1095 students were surveyed through online forms and data was analysed by SPSS 23. Convenient sampling method was used. Results: The results showed that the students were well aware of the current situation and almost all institutions offered online classes. Almost half of the respondents showed acceptance to E-learning. Majority of students faced difficulties in continuing their education through e-learning although a significant portion of them were in favour of home assignments. Majority of students wanted the online system to end and to cover the syllabus later. Conclusion: The dental students were well aware of the current situation and almost all institutions offered online classes. Almost half of the respondents showed acceptance to E-learning. Keywords: E-learning, COVID-19, Dental education


The paper researches the earthquake response analysis of the long-span cable-stayed bridge under the multi-dimensional and multi-support earthquake,mainly indicates the influence of coherence among the same and different bearing points with various components on bridges,and points out MSRS method to extend the stimulating situation for multi-dimensional and multi-support earthquake,and has the parameter analysis of the influence of the coherence on the structural earthquake response.


Traffic demand in the U.S. has grown substantially over the past few years because of the increase in population and urbanization in large cities. This causes traffic congestion to spread out over U.S. highways and arterials, and subsequently leads to deterioration in traffic networks in terms of operation, safety, and productivity. Therefore, congestion management strategies have become essential for addressing safety and operational problems. Recently, active traffic management (ATM) strategies have been recognized as efficient methods for managing widespread congestion, provided that a proper management strategy is identified and implemented. Any ATM strategy requires a systematic process that should work in a specific sequence starting from getting information from a congested road segment to dissemination of relevant information to travelers to help relieve congestion. This process starts with collecting traffic data from the roadways, screening the collected data to remove redundancies and erroneous data, synthesizing useful traffic information, and finally disseminating such information to travelers in real time. Based on the type of delivered information, travelers may alter their trip decision in terms of departure time, mode choice, and route selection in order to avoid congestion. This report presents a review of the state-of-the-art and state-of-practice methods used to execute the steps taken to deliver accurate real time traffic information to travelers and the impact such information has on congestion management. The report sheds light on different technologies and methodologies used for data collection, screening, and dissemination in the United States. In addition, the report highlights the impact of disseminated information on drivers' behavior and transportation network operation and safety. More so, the report presents a few case studies on different ATM strategies and shows the gained benefits from using these strategies.


A supply voltage control technique for realizing low power LSI is utilized not only for general purpose processors, but also for custom ASIC thanks to advanced LSI design environments. Fine grain supply voltage control in time domain in power gating and DVFS scheme are seen as promising techniques to reduce power consumption. However, they require additional energy consumption for control themselves. In this paper, we discuss energy consumption including this overhead using simple circuit model and make it clear that charging energy of power supply line limits the minimum sleep duration or cycles as design constraint.


Describes a new method of producing a discrete-level approximation to a Rayleigh fade by means of a digital signal processor-ATD-C25AT. The Rayleigh envelope statistics are obtained by adding two independent Gaussian noise source in quadrature and the theoretical spectrum of the received signal is approximated by shaping the spectrum of the source noise with FIR filters. The quasi-random noise generation, FIR filters, Hilbert conversion and modulations are performed by this kind of microprocessor. This offers considerable advantages over other methods in simplicity, flexibility and reliability, having exactly repeatable fading pattern and a fading rate which may be easily changed by varying the digital clock rate.<<ETX>>


Effective conservation management should target appropriate conservation units, but evolutionarily and genetically divergent lineages within nominal taxa are often unrecognized. The south-western Australian biodiversity hotspot may harbour many cryptic taxa, as it contains many plant species with naturally fragmented population distributions. Using microsatellite markers, we tested the hypothesis that disjunct population groups in the rare species Eremophila microtheca and E. rostrata (Scrophulariaceae: Myoporeae) are highly genetically divergent and represent separate evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). Chromosome counts indicated that all individuals assessed were diploid (2n = 36). Genetic differentiation among disjunct population groups was highly significant (P < 0.001) for both E. microtheca (FST = 0.301–0.383; Dest = 0.756–0.774) and E. rostrata (FST = 0.325–0.346; Dest = 0.628–0.660), and was similar to their differentiation from allied species. These results, including high incidences of private alleles, suggest historical divergence among cryptic taxa within E. microtheca and E. rostrata. Population groups in E. rostrata have recently been taxonomically recognized as two subspecies. Our study suggests that E. microtheca should also be reassessed as two taxa or considered as two ESUs, and the southern occurrence should be listed as Critically Endangered. We suggest a precautionary approach for flora in this and similar landscapes, whereby historically wide geographical disjunctions are assumed to indicate separate units for conservation. © 2014 State of Western Australia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, 2015, 177, 96–111.


The paper points out the importance of studying the optimization of reusing reverse logistics network with multi-period and multi-item in stochastic environment,establishes a stochastic programming model,gives out the steps of solving the model with the method of expected value and makes a numerical value simulation with an example.


Agenda 2030, with 17 sustainable development goals (SDG), was adopted by all Member States of the United Nations Organisation at a summit in September 2015. The measures covered by this declaration contribute particularly to Goals 2 and 15. Goal 2 focuses on ending hunger, increasing food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture. Goal 15 aims to protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and stop and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. This declaration is a commitment to the sustainable development of efficient, resilient and productive agricultural and food systems directly supporting Goal 2 and supporting Goal 15 through associated measures to protect agricultural resources and natural and semi-natural ecosystems.


The present invention relates to a copolymer consisting of three construction units in which first construction unit is 60-80% (w/w), second construction unit is 10-30% (w/w) and third construction unit is 5-20% (w/w). Those construction units respectively contain hydrogen atom, loswer alkyl and lower alkylene, and said lower alkylene can be substituted with hydroxyl. Besides, said lower alkylenechain also can contains oxygen atom.


Open quantum systems (OQS), extended in space (halo nuclei) or even unbound, differ from closed quantum systems (CQS), for which the methods of standard shell model (SM) [1] can be utilized in order to expand their wave function in a configuration interaction framework. Configuration interaction methods based on the use of Berggren bases [2], comprising bound, resonant and scattering states, which have the ability to generate the very long range asymptotic behavior of OQSs, are used instead for that matter. This demands the introduction of new computational techniques, including the optimization and discretization of the Berggren basis [3], the development of an algorithm to efficiently calculate their two-body matrix elements [4], and an overall optimization of memory storage absent from SM, where, for instance, all data related to proton and neutron spaces only can be precalculated and stored [1]. In order to diagonalize the very large induced matrices, the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) method [5] extended to OQSs has been developed [6, 7]. A renormalization procedure which generates more and more correlated many-body basis states iteratively is used therein, so that the Hamiltonian matrix to diagonalize is very small compared to that occurring with a many-body basis of independent particles [6, 7]. Parallelization of presented methods will also be discussed.


The factors that have contributed to a decline in truck safety on Texas highways are noted, and efforts by the Texas Motor Transportation Association (TMTA) to address the problem are described. Two industry task forces have been formed to address highway safety and overweight trucks. The task forces will draft legislation to strengthen current safety regulations and empower agencies to enforce the regulations. The importance of truck driver selection and certification practices are emphasized, as well as the implementation of the National Driver Register. A TMTA program called the Cooperative Road Patrol composed of safety professionals who patrol the highways watching for unsafe drivers is described. Other actions by TMTA are also briefly summarized.


An example of homeostasis is temperature regulation at a desired level; this physiological process leads to the preservation of a stable biological environment. A control-theory–based model permits a biomedical engineer to understand the complex operation of thermoregulation, by converting general information to knowledge, and can be integrated to see how systemic parameters influence the entire system. The thermal inputs organized in the hypothalamus to activate thermoregulation responses to heat and cold stimuli, with the widely accepted set-point hypothesis for the regulation of body temperature from a control systems point of view, are, however, not entirely known. There are circumstances (e.g. fever) in which the presumed set-point mechanism appears to break down. This paper evaluates a novel set-level adaptive optimal thermal control paradigm inspired by Hebbian covariance synaptic adaptation, previously proposed based on its potential to predict the homeostatic respiratory system. It introduces a Hebbian feedback covariance learning (HFCL) concept in order to align a neuronal network into the analysis of the thermoregulation system. Hebbian theory is concerned with how neurons connect among themselves to become engrams. The passive-active mathematical model for simulating human thermoregulation during exercise was compared in cool, warm, and hot environments, and then was translated into MATLAB to predict thermoregulation. The two-node core and shell model predictions are comparable with observed thermoregulation responses from the existing literature. The thermoregulation changes with respect to proportionality constant and sensitivity of the receptors. A reasonably general agreement with the measured mean group data of earlier performed laboratory exercise studies was obtained for peak temperature, although it tended to overpredict the core body temperature.


A calculation-experimental technique of determination of weld shrinkage is described in that work. Experimentally, with the help of strain gauges, residual stresses are determined at two points, which are at known distances from the weld. Shrinkages are found out from the theoretical solution of the plane elasticity theory about the insertion of bodies with interference. Calculations have been carried out for experimental studies of a weld 400 mm long for different thicknesses of metal. It is found that when the thickness of the metal increases, the shrinkage values also increase. This is due to the fact that as the thickness of the metal increases, the heat input required to penetrate it also increases.


Multi-walled carbon nanotubes grafted carbon-carbon double bond,to o-dichlorobenzene as a template for the function of styrene monomer:ethylene-glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker by precipitation polymerization in surface of carbon nanotubes were successfully prepared o-dichlorobenzene imprinted materials by infrared spectroscopy,thermal analysis,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterize the material properties.The results show that the surface of carbon nanotubes grafted a layer of stable,uniform 30-50 nm thickness of the imprinted materials.High performance liquid chromatography to study the adsorption kinetics of imprinted materials and adsorption capacity,the results show that imprinted materials adsorption equilibrium time was 100 min,by Scatchard analysis,this polymer with o-dichlorobenzene has two binding sites,maximum adsorption capacity of 92.732 mol/g,equilibrium constant of 17.986 mol/L,more data and experiments show that this material can be successfully used to detect the environment,o-dichlorobenzene in the pre-treatment.


Abstract  SDZ CHI 621 is a murine‐human chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) receptor (C 5) intended for prophylactic immunosuppression against acute rejection in the first several weeks following kidney transplantation. A multicentre, prospective, dose‐finding study was conducted in 37 primary, mismatched cadaver kidney transplant patients to assess its tolerability, pharmacokinetics and immunodynamics. Successive cohorts of patients were stratified to receive total doses of 20, 30,40 or 60 mg (n= 4, 4, 14,15, respectively) administered as 15‐ or 20‐mg intravenous infusions with the first dose given preopera‐tively and subsequent doses within the first 10 days posttransplant. Daily mAb serum concentrations were analysed by a radioimmunoas‐say method and the percentage of peripheral T‐lymphocytes expressing C 5 from serial blood samples was determined by FACScan. Intravenous administrations were well tolerated. mAb concentration profiles exhibited a biphasic decline with an initial /2 of 14.4 ± 14.2 h, terminal /2 of 13.4 ± 6.0 days, distribution volume (VSS) of 6.9 ± 3.3 1 and clearance of 17.4 ± 7.8 ml/h. The concentration‐effect (mAb‐C 5) relationship indicated that mAb concentrations exceeding a threshold of about 0.7 μg/ml corresponded to complete suppression of C 5 (±0 3 % C 5+ T‐cells). The threshold mAb concentration was exceeded at all dose levels, whereas the duration above the threshold (and thus of C 5 suppression) rose with increasing dose: 20 mg, 20 ± 7 days; 30 mg, 32 ± 6 days; 40 mg, 37 ± 10 days; and 60 mg, 53 ± 17 days. As mAb concentrations declined below the threshold following the last dose, C 5 expression returned to baseline (18–44 % CD 5+ T‐cells) within a few days.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. AUGUST 2014 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my basic science mentor, Dr. Paul Schreckenberger, and my clinical mentor, Dr. Paul O'Keefe, for their guidance and support. I could not have accomplished my research goals without their seemingly infinite knowledge of clinical practices and patterns. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Adam Driks and Dr. John Clancy, for their time and advice. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. Jim Sinacore for his statistical advice and counsel. I would also like to thank all the members of the Clinical Microbiology Lab for answering all the questions I had and welcoming me into the lab. Iwashima, for their efforts to help us get the most out of this graduate program. Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends for their unfailing support and encouragement throughout this program. To my parents and brother, I could not have accomplished this without you.


Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare disease and the end result of a destructive inflammatory process in bile ducts, leading to fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. It has two forms: 1) syndromic or fetal or embryonic (10-35%) with various congenital anomalies, 2) non syndromic (70-90%), in which BA is an isolated anomaly. In this article we report on an infant with the first form of BA in which diagnosis and operation was not based on routine liver biopsy but on associated malformations and clinical features that were highly suggestive of embryonal form of biliary atresia. Case Presentation: A 70-day old infant with syndromic BA, levocardia, situs inversus and polysplenia. He developed jaundice in 4 th day of life, liver was not palpable. Kasai operation was not effective. He developed liver cirrhosis at 3 months of age. Conclusion: Syndromic type of EHBA is a very rare disease with a worse outcome than non syndromic type of BA. Early diagnosis is important and may be difficult as the liver sometimes could not be palpable because of its malposition.


Light pipe is one of the effective way to reduc?electricity consumption for lighting, it can transmit light from outdoor to the room without generating excessive heat. Experimental apparatus of side lighting light pipe is described in this paper. The illuminace of the light pipe for whole day had been measured. The highest external illuminace was 52900 lx, obtained at 12: 05; the lowest illuminace was 396 lx, obtained at 16: 50. The highest internai illuminace was 129 lx obtained at 13: 35, the lowest illuminace was 0.47 lx, obtained at 16: 50. The ratio of internai illuminance to external was 0.23%. Light pipe is much better as an auxiliary lighting method in buildings. Light pipe can give better luminous environment. It is an effective method of daylight utilization of solar energy.


To simplify the principles of pharmacokinetics single compartment model is designed with certain assumptions. Objectives of this model are to understand basic principles of pharmacokinetics, to represent graphically the typical natural log concentration versus time curve for single compartment model after (intravenous) dose and to understand how to calculate elimination half-life using graphical log-concentration versus time as well as by mathematical method.


Lenses have a number of faults. The distortion is an error which has a negative effect especially in metrological applications. In extreme cases, distortion can also be visible to the naked eye. The distortion of lenses is a systematic error that can be corrected numerically. For this purpose, a target with a smaller local deviation is necessary. These targets are produced and measured with great effort. Especially for the area of large object fields the effort increases enormously. For this reason, no correction has been made for larger measuring ranges. In order to be able to apply a correction nevertheless, a compromise solution is required that produces a target with little effort, with which a correction becomes possible that is better than not applying any correction at all. Here, calibration targets were printed and examined with commercially available printers.


Recently deep learning methods have achieved great success in understanding and analyzing text messages. In real-world applications, however, labeled text data are often small-sized and imbalanced in classes due to the high cost of data collection and human annotation, limiting the performance of deep learning classifiers. Therefore, this study explores an understudied area—how sample sizes and imbalance ratios influence the performance of deep learning models and augmentation methods—and provides a solution to this problem. Specifically, this study examines the performance of BERT, Word2Vec, and WordNet augmentation methods with BERT fine-tuning on datasets of sizes 500, 1,000, and 2,000 and imbalance ratios of 4:1 and 9:1. Experimental results show that BERT augmentation improves the performance of BERT in detecting the minority class, and the improvement is most significantly (15.6–40.4% F1 increase compared to the base model and 2.8%–10.4% F1 increase compared to the model with the oversampling method) when the data size is small (e.g., 500 training documents) and highly imbalanced (e.g., 9:1). When the data size increases or the imbalance ratio decreases, the improvement generated by the BERT augmentation becomes smaller or insignificant. Moreover, BERT augmentation plus BERT fine-tuning achieves the best performance compared to other models and methods, demonstrating a promising solution for small-sized, highly imbalanced text classification tasks.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to identify tourists' satisfaction with ICT performance in two tourist destinations in Serbia. In addition, one of the goals of the research is to determine the weaknesses and strengths of the tourist offer at the destinations, in order to choose an adequate tourism development strategy in the future to improve the competitiveness of the tourist offer in Serbia and possibly find patterns of development between different destinations. Methodology – Measuring the importance and satisfaction with the performance of smart technologies was carried out in two destinations, Novi Sad and Vrnjačka Banja (Serbia). IPA analysis was used to assess the importance and performance of 38 attributes related to ICT in the selected destinations. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify groups of smart technologies that tourists consider when evaluating smart tourist destinations. Findings – When examining individual components, the ICT tourism offer in Novi Sad and Vrnjačka Banja are evaluated as fairly low. The results of the analysis showed that Novi Sad, is a more competitive destination than Vrnjačka Banja in terms of the deployment of smart technologies. Contribution – The analysis of weaknesses and strengths can be particularly insightful in revealing what is prioritized more and what is viewed as less crucially, for the overall experience and satisfaction of tourists in order to improve the tourist experience. The results of this research provide practical knowledge for DMOs and tourism companies, to understand the benefits of smart tourism as an important direction in improving the competitiveness of a tourist destination.


PURPOSE
In this phase I study we determined the pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of a single intravesical instillation of gemcitabine administered immediately after complete transurethral resection (TUR) plus multiple random biopsies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten patients with superficial bladder cancer clinically staged as Ta/T1 with no carcinoma in situ were included. A single dose of gemcitabine was administered intra-vesically immediately after TUR plus 6 random biopsies. Five patients received 1,500 mg and 5 received 2,000 mg diluted in 100 ml saline. Retention time in the bladder was 60 minutes. Concentrations of gemcitabine and dFdU (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography assay.

RESULTS
Treatment was clinically well tolerated in all patients. Two patients in the 1,500 mg group had minimal hipogastric discomfort and 1 in the 2,000 mg group had grade 1 bladder spasms. There was no remarkable systemic toxicity on hematology or biochemistry at any dose level on day 12 or 30. One patient per dose level showed tumor recurrence on 3-month repeat cystourethroscopy. Mean maximum gemcitabine concentration was 1.8 microg/ml and the mean last AUC was 158 microg/ml*minute. There was large interpatient variability but no significant differences between the 2 dose levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Single intravesical instillation of gemcitabine immediately after TUR and multiple random biopsies for superficial bladder cancer are a safe and well tolerated treatment. The favorable toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles of intravesical gemcitabine support future phase II studies with this agent.


Over the last few years, organisations have had difficulty facing the changing financial setting that has challenged the conventional reward procedures and plans. A complete understanding of reward packages is needed, as total rewards include intrinsic and extrinsic factors. An in-depth investigation of the reward packages and factors influencing them is essential, as these elements have a key impact on performance, job satisfaction and retaining high calibre talent with significant abilities in order to make the organisation efficacious. More specifically, research has shown that the different types of rewards employers offer to employees affect the recruitment and retention of top talent.


Foundation school allocations of 148 medical students have changed after the remarking of applicants' exam papers, the UK Foundation Programme Office (UKFPO) has announced.

On 8 March the UKFPO announced the final revised allocations of 7535 applicants, 98% of whom were given the same allocation as they originally received on 25 February. Of those whose scores changed, 77 were allocated to a foundation school lower down their list of preferences and …


For scintigraphic instruments such as scanners and scintillation cameras, collimatore with greatly dif ferent characteristics have become available during recent years. In general little information is given concerning the performance of focused collimatore to the physician or physicist who has to select the proper collimator for a particular application.! Only the number of holes, the focal length and the spatial resolution of the collimator at the focal plane are provided by most manufacturers. The present paper describes briefly the funda mental parameters of collimator-detector systems and their significance. The characteristics of colli matore for some commercial scanners are given and corresponding data for other makes of scanners as well as for scintillation cameras should become avail able shortly.


The stable isotope stream tracer model (SISTM) calculates the expected 15N content in various stream ecosystem N compartments over distance and time during and after 15N additions to streams. SISTM is a steady state compartment model that predicts δ 15N values based on N stocks and fluxes and the experimental rate of 15N addition. Predicted δ 15N values are compared with observed δ 15N values from a field tracer addition to evaluate our understanding of the N cycle. We demonstrated the use of this tool with information collected from field measurements and a 6-wk 15N-NH4+ addition to the Kuparuk River, Alaska, during the summer of 1991. SISTM was used to run a series of model calibrations that reflected increased information as the experiment progressed. Results of an a priori calibration (using pre-1991 data) yielded a predicted NH4+ uptake length (Sw) of 5.2 km compared with the observed Sw of 0.84 km, and underestimated the δ 15N values of biota in all cases. When discharge and NH4+ concentrations measured during the 1991 experiment were added (model calibration Update 1), the predicted Sw dropped to 0.44 km, indicating that the modeled fluxes overestimated the rate of NH4+ removal by the stream bottom. Adding N stocks and fluxes measured during the tracer addition (Update 2) did not improve predicted Sw, indicating faulty assumptions in our a priori calibration. The observed isotope data were used to estimate the form (NH4+ vs NO3-) of N taken up by primary producers and to improve our representation of the epilithon compartment (Update 3). Including this information brought the predicted Sw to 0.71 km compared with the observed 0.84 km, and resulted in a reasonable correspondence between predicted and observed δ 15N values over the 6-wk addition. SISTM can be used as a framework to 1) summarize N-cycle information prior to a tracer addition, 2) generate testable predictions for field isotope studies, 3) improve our understanding of the N cycle using the field isotope data as constraints on flux estimates, and 4) explore hypothetical N-cycle characteristics. The combined modeling and field tracer experiment approach efficiently provided a synoptic view of the N cycle in streams and rivers.


As a rule, the structural analysis of screw compressors during their design comes down to determining the geometric dimensions of the screws, the position of their window edges, as well as the gas forces acting on the compressor rotors. The latter determine the loads on the compressor bearings and affect vibration of the rotors and the compressor as a whole. Their effect plays the dominant role but not the only one. To create a mathematical model describing the vibration state of rotors, determining all additional forces acting on the compressor rotors that arise in the course of its operation under normal operating conditions is also required. These include the manufacturing inaccuracies causing skewing and bending of the rotor axles, as well as contact forces caused by the interaction of rotors due to their deviation from the nominal position. The latter are the least studied and, as a rule, are typical only for oil-flooded screw compressors with no rotor synchronisation mechanism. This article is devoted to the determination of rotor dynamics and the forces caused by rotor teeth engagement. In future, its results will serve as a basis for developing a rotor vibration state model. Meanwhile, the analysis of results obtained already at the current research stage allows to decrease their impact and effect.


This paper discusses the adaptive quality of Se,Mo,Ge and V in diet of undergraduates. Se,Mo,Ge and V in diet of students have been measured by the atomic absorption spectrometry under optimum instrumental conditions of graphite furnace atomization. The results show that the contents of Se,Mo, Ge and V in the diet are obviously different from one area to another. The contents of Se and Mo in diet of undergraduates are sufficient, while those of Ge and V are short .


Objective Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential for use in tissue regeneration in inflammatory diseases due to their rapid proliferating, multilineage differentiation, and strong anti-inflammatory features. In the present study, immunoregulatory and glandular tissue regeneration effects of the dental follicle (DF)MSCs in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) were investigated. Methods Dental follicle (DF) tissues were obtained from healthy individuals during tooth extraction, tissues were digested enzymatically and DFMSCs were cultured until the third passage. DFMSCs were labeled with Quantum dot 655 for cell tracking analysis. The induction of the SS mouse model was performed by the injection of Ro60-273-289 peptide intraperitoneally. DFMSCs were injected intraperitoneally, or into submandibular, or lacrimal glands. Splenocytes were analyzed for intracellular cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10) secretion in T helper cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and B lymphocyte subsets. Histologic analysis was done for submandibular and lacrimal glands with hematoxylin-eosin staining for morphologic examination. Results The systemic injection of DFMSCs significantly reduced intracellular IFN-γ and IL-17 secreting CD4+ T cells in splenocytes (p<0.05), and decreased inflammatory cell deposits and fibrosis in the glandular tissues. DFMSCs differentiated to glandular epithelial cells in submandibular and lacrimal injections with a significant reduction in lymphocytic foci. The results showed that few amounts of DFMSCs were deposited in glandular tissues when applied intraperitoneally, while high amounts of DFMSCs were located in glandular tissues and differentiated to glandular epithelial cells when applied locally in SS murine model. Conclusion DFMSCs have the potential for the regulation of Th1, Th17, and Treg balance in SS, and ameliorate glandular dysfunction. DFMSCs can be a beneficial therapeutic application for SS.


Catalogue of hieroglyphs man woman anthropomorphic deities parts of the human body mammals parts of mammals birds parts of birds amphibians and reptiles fishes and parts of fishes invertebrates trees and plants sky, earth and water buildings and parts of buildings ships and parts of ships domestic and funerary furniture temple furniture and sacred emblems crowns, dress, staves warfare, hunting, butchery agriculture and crafts rope, fiber baskets vessels of stone and earthenware loaves and cakes writings, games, music gardiner's sign list locations of illustrated objects.


Nonlinear imaging is more sensitive to changes in components, structure and pathological state of a tissue in comparison with the traditional ultrasound imaging. However, in view of the particularity of nonlinear imaging, the contrast of an image is generally very low and thus a doctor cannot clearly distinguish distribution of nonlinear parameters clearly. Therefore, the paper aims to design a self-adaptive sigmoid function to enhance the original nonlinear image. First of all, we needed to find an interesting area which included the different nonlinear acoustic parameters according to harmonic energy. Next, then the histogram of ROI was analyzed to obtain two parameters of sigmoid function values, and the contrast of the image was increased prominently by this method. At last, the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was calculated to prove that the contrast of the image which was enhanced by this method improved by 5 times in comparison with the raw nonlinear image.


AIM
This paper reports a study exploring how individual psychiatric staff construes clients with psychosis who misuse substances.

BACKGROUND
A dual diagnosis of substance misuse is common in clients with psychosis. Previous studies have suggested that psychiatric staff feel ill-equipped to work with these clients, and hold negative views of them, affecting client care and recovery. Understanding staff attitudes can inform training and practice.

METHOD
Twelve psychiatric nursing staff working in an inpatient service for adults with enduring mental health difficulties in England were interviewed. Using a repertory grid technique, staff were asked to describe clients and acquaintances who did and did not misuse substances, themselves and colleagues.

FINDINGS
All staff made critical judgements of some clients, particularly clients with dual diagnosis, but were less judgemental towards acquaintances who misused substances. Staff who used fewer dimensions to construe people appeared to make a clear distinction between clients and non-clients. This distinction was not apparent for staff with more cognitively complex construct systems. Specific factors that could be implicated in the organization of individuals' construct systems included personal experience of services as a carer; these staff made less distinction between clients and non-clients.

CONCLUSION
Further training is needed for staff working with clients with a dual diagnosis. Training packages need to consider the personal experiences and views of staff. Reducing the boundaries between staff and clients might enable staff to better understand the actions of clients and improve client care.


The key technologies of the rendezvous LIDAR and their algorithms basing on AVGS and WA-LRF of AOS Inc in USA, LDRI of Sandia National Laboratories and TriDAR of Neptec Inc in Canada are described. It provides information for the development of space technology with the advantages and disadvantages of these different systems. The 3D lidar based on APD array for RVD is suggested.


Several gamma-ray observations from distant blazars show a suppressed emission of the inverse Compton scattering cascade of the blazar-induced pair beams at the GeV energy band. There are two possible explanations, the first one is the deflections of the pair beam electrons and positrons by magnetic fields in the intergalactic medium. The second one is the drain of the pair energy by beam-plasma instabilities resulting in heating up the intergalactic plasma. The studies of plasma instabilities of blazar-induced pair beams in the literature neglect the effect of weak intergalactic magnetic fields. In this work, we investigate the effect of weak intergalactic magnetic fields with small correlation lengths on the electrostatic beam-plasma instability. Such weak fields do not modify the dispersion relation describing the electrostatic waves and so the linear growth rate description. However, We found that the increase of the angular distribution of the particles of the pair beam due to the weak intergalactic fields reduces the linear growth rate of the electrostatic instability. This reduction of the linear growth rate increases the energy loss time of the beamplasma instability suppressing it against the inverse Compton scattering at magnetic field strengths three orders of magnitude less than the lower limit of the magnetic fields needed to deflect the secondary cascade emission.


Research on multimedia learning has produced a vast body of findings which, however, are not yet being integrated into a comprehensive framework of reference. For a considerable time, cognitive centered approaches have dominated the literature. Although motivational variables are now being taken into account, there is still a large gap in regard to an adequate representation of motivation in multimedia learning. This is an important concern given the various challenges and obstacles, such as navigational problems, distractions, and cognitive overload, that learners have to face due to the very nature of hypermedia. A promising area of theory that can help concerning this matter is represented by volition, an old concept in the study of human motivation and action (James, 1902), which has been reestablished within recent developments in psychology, such as the theory of action control (Kuhl, 1984). In this article, a volitional framework to supplement the mostly cognitively-based research on multimedia learning is introduced to serve as a basis for critically reviewing and reinterpreting current research findings. In particular, the volitional framework is applied to common phenomena in multimedia such as lost in hyperspace, cognitive overload, and seductive details together with other obstacles to persistence and learning. In addition, several future directions in research on both theory and practical strategies based on the application of volitional strategies in multimedia learning are provided. ********** Peter, a 35-year-old product export supervisor in a large multinational corporation, is eligible for promotion, but it requires completion of a three-month intensive course. Usually this training is provided as a workshop at the company's south headquarters. Since costs have been rising considerably, general management decided to reduce course delivery costs and avoid having people away from work by introducing a self-directed multimedia-based course on CD-Rom with a user guide and Internet-interactions. Employees like Peter are now expected to complete this self-directed course on their own time. After three months they will receive a final exam, which will be an important factor in determining the promotion decision. At first, Peter is highly motivated to do the course. During the first days he works quite diligently and makes considerable progress. Then, in the second week, his motivation starts to wane because he has to fulfill other obligations. He tries to maintain his motivation to work through the CD, but other interests in his life are becoming stronger. As a result, Peter decreases his study time. The extensive freedom he has to decide, when, where, and how long he wants to work with the CD and Internet compared to being required to attend a class is apparently contributing to his vanishing motivation. Even though he had a strong desire to master the course because of the valuable benefits of the promotion, right now he is not able to protect his intention against competing tendencies. This overall phenomenon of problems with self-regulation in self-directed multimedia learning is accompanied by some inherent aspects of multimedia that can contribute to decreased motivation. For example, assume that a while after Peter starts exploring the CD with its Internet links he realizes that he does not know where he actually is or where he has come from and he has gotten confused about what he was actually looking for. Feelings of disorientation triggered by being "lost in hyperspace" arise. Moreover, some features of the CD are relatively complicated and thus require a lot of Peter's working memory. Even though the CD was distributed with the purpose to facilitate learning it also contributes to a higher amount of cognitive load (Sweller, 1994) on the learner compared to a traditional instructor-led workshop, because Peter has to manage his own learning. Another problematic issue pertains to attractive stimuli embedded in multimedia environments like Peter's CD. …


The tuning Raman mixing effects in an optical fiber have been investigated in the frequency shift range from 656cm-1 to 1343cm-1. Many phenomena have been obser-ved experimentally, e.g., the intensity of coherent anti-Stokes Eaman scattering (CAES) is inversely proportional to that of the inverse Raman absorption (VRA), the energy distribution of SRS is influenced strongly by Raman mixing (RM). In addition to the-coherent Stokes Raman scattering (CSRS) and CARS radiations, the second order coherent Stokes Raman scattering (SOCSRS) and the second order anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SOCARS) radiations have also been observed. Finally, the experimental results are discussed.


Series Editor: Mark Majesky PhD

In this issue of the ATVB , we present a series of concise review articles on the development of blood and lymphatic vessels. These articles discuss the fundamental mechanisms at work to form and remodel the vascular system. They also address current issues and controversies in the field and propose new directions for future investigation.

The process of vascular development begins with formation of angioblasts and their assembly into a primitive vascular plexus. In a review of this process titled "The Opening Act: Vasculogenesis and the Origins of Circulation," Suk-Won Jin and Cam Patterson1 discuss the interplay between predetermined genetic mechanisms for vasculogenesis and important epigenetic factors that modify these genetic pathways and shape the outcome …


Abstract The
$\chi $
 -stability index
$\mathrm {es}_{\chi }(G)$
 of a graph G is the minimum number of its edges whose removal results in a graph with chromatic number smaller than that of G. We consider three open problems from Akbari et al. ['Nordhaus–Gaddum and other bounds for the chromatic edge-stability number', European J. Combin. 84 (2020), Article no. 103042]. We show by examples that a known characterisation of k-regular (
$k\le 5$
 ) graphs G with
$\mathrm {es}_{\chi }(G) = 1$
 does not extend to
$k\ge 6$
 , and we characterise graphs G with
$\chi (G)=3$
 for which
$\mathrm { es}_{\chi }(G)+\mathrm {es}_{\chi }(\overline {G}) = 2$
 . We derive necessary conditions on graphs G which attain a known upper bound on
$\mathrm { es}_{\chi }(G)$
 in terms of the order and the chromatic number of G and show that the conditions are sufficient when
$n\equiv 2 \pmod 3$
 and
$\chi (G)=3$
 .


Electronics technicians have are not utilizing the workshop organizational techniques effectively for operating their workshop activities in the informal sector. This has created source of worries whereby this ineffectiveness have created lots of confusion, and  inability to carry out repairs on electronic appliances, which made electronic workshops to become house of junks for unrepaired equipment. The instrument made up of 75 items structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 312 electronics technicians in Imo State was based on four research questions and four null hypotheses formulated to guide to study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test statistics was employed to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that, the techniques in the electronic workshop organization which include: personnel control, safety measures, storage systems and inventory control systems were not practiced by most of the electronic technicians in the organization of electronic workshops. It was recommended among other things that appropriate practice of safety measures, constant use of safety goggle and magnifying glass be adopted to ensure protection of the eyes. Electronic technicians should organize seminars and workshops so as to constantly update their workshop organizational techniques. Article visualizations:


Acamprosate is an anti‐craving drug used for the pharmacotherapy of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only some patients achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. This study was designed to explore differences in metabolomic profiles between patients who maintained sobriety and those who relapsed, to determine whether those differences provide insight into variation in acamprosate treatment response phenotypes.


Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs) are promising high-performance and power-efficient platforms. However, their uses are still limited because of the current capability of the mapping tools. This paper presents a new scalable efficient design flow to map applications written in high level language on CGRAs. This approach leverages on simultaneous scheduling and binding steps respectively based on a heuristic and an exact method stochastically degenerated. The formal graph model of the application, obtained after compilation, is backward traversed and dynamically transformed when needed to allow for a better exploration of the design space. Results show that our approach is scalable, finds most of the time the best solutions i.e. the mappings with the shortest latencies, achieves lowest failure rate in carrying out solutions, provides lower computation time and explores more efficiently the solution space than the state of the art methods.


Prevocational training and education in integrated environment is especially important for students with special educational needs because it gives them possibility to avoid social exclusion and discrimination in the labour market. In the present article the possibilities of prevocational training and education of students having special educational needs in integrated environment have been analyzed. Specialists' attitude towards prevocational training and education of students having special educational needs in integrated environment has been revealed; it has been found out how prevocational training and education is performed; factors influencing effective prevocational training and education have been investigated.


The main idea – concept is key point for creative process in design practice, which includes intuition, fantasy, spontaneous decisions. Digital technology leads to formalization of creative process, algorithms, so the real question concerns how the rational ideas and intuitions are harmonize in design. The method «creative navigation» maintains creative freedom of designer and at the same time streamlining of mental process. The method «creative navigation» considered in comparison with «scenario methods» and the theory of speculative design. This article explores semiotic aspects of the method. The author gives considerable attention to approbation of method «creative navigation» in real design practice.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. We evaluated choriocapillaris flow voids area following proton beam irradiation for uveal melanoma using swept-source optical coherence tomography-angiography. We showed that choriocapillaris alterations occur in the early stages of radiation retinopathy and could be a predictive marker of progression to higher grades. Purpose: To evaluate choriocapillaris alterations following proton beam therapy irradiation using swept-source optical coherence tomography-angiography, and to assess their correlation with the grade of radiation retinopathy (RR). Methods: Eyes with uveal melanoma evaluated before and after irradiation with proton beam therapy were included, as well as the healthy fellow eye. The gradation of RR was based on a previously published classification. Choriocapillaris flow voids area was analyzed using Phansalkar thresholding. Retinal vascularization was described by foveal avascular zone (FAZ) perimeter, FAZ area, FAZ circularity index, and percentage of nonperfusion area (PAN) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) or deep capillary plexus. Results: A total of 157 eyes of 83 patients were analyzed. Overall, there was a significant difference between the control group, the uveal melanoma before proton beam therapy group, and the grades of RR in the uveal melanoma after proton beam therapy group for FAZ perimeter (P < 0.001), FAZ area (P < 0.001), FAZ-circularity index (P < 0.001), PAN-SCP (P < 0.001), PAN-deep capillary plexus (P < 0.001), and choriocapillaris flow voids area (P < 0.001). Moreover, choriocapillaris flow voids area was significantly increased in the early stages of RR (P = 0.003) and was further significantly correlated with FAZ perimeter (P < 0.001), FAZ area (P < 0.001), FAZ-circularity index (P = 0.010), PAN-SCP (P < 0.001), and PAN-deep capillary plexus (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Quantitative optical coherence tomography-angiography alterations in the choriocapillaris microvascularization are an early biomarker of RR and are correlated to the severity of the disease.


This research aims at how the role of the board characteristics on corporate riskdisclosure, and the moderation effect of family ownership toward the relation of boardcharacteristics to corporate risk disclosure on consumer goods industry listed on the IndonesiaStock Exchange during 2017-2019. Sample was selected using purposive sampling method andthe valid data was 39 companies. Data processing techniques using multiple regression analysiswhat helped by Eviews version 10 and Microsoft Excel 2020. The results of this study indicatethat board characteristics which consist of board size, board meeting, CEO duality, and boardexpertise do not have a significant influence on corporate risk disclosure, meanwhile familyownership has a significant influence to moderate the relation of board size, board meeting, andCEO duality towards corporate risk disclosure. Family ownership does not moderate the relationof board expertise towards corporate risk disclosure. The implication of this study is the need toincrease the role of the board members to influence the corporate risk disclosure which will beneeded by investors and potential investors as well.


An inverter applied as a power supply for aircrafts is proposed in this paper. This inverter has a regulated rms output voltage and low harmonic distortion. A special transformers' connection is used to reduce the harmonic distortion spectrum. The operating principles, theoretical analysis, relevant equations and simulation results are presented in this paper.


Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the physical parameters of the ocean, which plays an important role in meteorology, navigation, and fishing. SST retrieval from thermal infrared remote sensing has become a research focus because of its advantages of high efficiency and wide observation range. However, more accurate retrieval algorithms and more complete data processing procedures are needed for the satellite data with higher spatial–temporal resolution. High-precision SST retrieval models based on split-window algorithm were established using Gaofen-5 Visual and Infrared Multispectral Imager (VIMS) data, some of which introduced the quadratic term of brightness temperature difference into the models. The highest accuracy is better than 0.15 K. Moreover, we proposed a relatively complete cross-calibration approach to solve the problem of unstable calibration coefficients in bands 11 and 12 of VIMS. Therefore, the accuracy of the models was verified by satellite images. At last, the models were applied to the retrieval of SST in the vicinity of Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant. We expand the practical value of VIMS in SST retrieval and thermal discharge monitoring and provide technical support for the application of high-resolution remote sensing data.


A look at the Canadian economy shows that following the 1990/91 recession, its performance has been comparatively dismal. Annual growth averaged only 2.3% between 1991 and 1999. The country faced enormous challenges and changing opportunities emanating from the new global competitive environment. Its economy experienced profound structural changes related to such domestic and international developments as the FTA, NAFTA, Europe 1992 and other trade liberalization initiative and an increased number of strategic alliances. However, the Canadian economy closed the 1990s (i.e.1999) by expanding by 4.2 per cent for the year as a whole. How has Canadian economy improved its performance? How is its performance in Emerging Knowledge Based System in comparison to other advanced countries? What type of policies has it followed during the last few years to make it more innovative and competitive? The paper aims at examining these issues. The paper is divided into four sections. Section one discusses the emergence of knowledge-based economy. Section two outlines the Canadian economy, its structure and performance during the last one decade. Section three analyses the Government policies relating to Innovation and Science & Technology. Section four gives conclusion.


Labour productivity, economic profits of any enterprise (both trading and agricultural one) depends on quality of human resources, intellectual capital, qualifications and professionalism, initiative, readiness of the employed personnel to continuous learning, competent qualified personnel evaluation for making adequate managerial decisions.


【China adopted a free market economy and is a member of WTO. It has now emerged as one of the most promising markets in the word for the near future. The purpose of this study was to investigate of Chinese women clothing behavior and preference of clothing design by body types and to suggest basic information for high quality clothes merchandising of exporting to China. The subjects in this study were 280 Chinese women, aged from 20 to 50 living in Beijing. The survey was taken from June to July, 1999. SAS(Statistical Analysis System) is used for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, $\chi$ $^2$ -test, factor analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Ewamination on the Chinese womens clothing behavior showed that they attach importance to economy for purchasing clothes and have affirmative self-confidence. The thin body type women prefer to fashionable clothes while the fat body type has more reasonable economic behavior for clothing. It is needed to different merchandising project by body type in China..】


Although a great deal of attention has been devoted to the relatively few Third World countries that have achieved significant gains from trade in manufactured goods, most underdeveloped countries continue to rely on a more traditional mode of trade, the export of primary commodities. The importance of commodity trade to the Third World is indicated by its prominence on the South's agenda in negotiations with developed countries in a variety of international forums over the last four decades. The central contribution of Finlayson and Zacher's book is a comprehensive review of North-South commodity bargaining over the entire postwar period, which address a real gap in the literature on the topic. Although a number of recent studies have discussed problems of commodity trade in general or have considered individual products, none has examined the entire range of primary products of interest to the Third World, focusing on the political as well as the economic aspects of commodity bargaining. Managing International Markets is certainly the most comprehensive discussion of North-South commodity negotiations published in the last decade, and it will remain an essential source on the topic for years to come.


In a technocratic fashion, environmental protection has been and is still seen as a highly technical matter that should be handled only by professionals at all levels of society (see Daugbjerg, 1995). The political level should be seen as an enabling and disabling control level that could be consulted occasionally. Local Agenda 21 (LA21) does, in fact, introduce an altogether opposite view of environmental protection. Environmental protection is not just a technical approach to the maintenance of our ecosystems, nor is it professional governance. Environmental governance, according to Agenda 21, should involve democratic action, including economic and social aspects, in order to secure possibilities to enhance environmental protection. Therefore, Agenda 21 implicitly assumes that if the democratic procedures are implemented, the environmental goals will also be more easily achieved. Empirical studies of the contents and effects of LA21 processes have mostly been qualitative case-studies. These tend to stress the good results achieved in both policy and procedural targets, especially concerning knowledge gathering and diffusion and new forms of participation (Selman, 1998; Niemi-Iilahti, 1999; Niemi-Iilahti & Vehkala, 1999). To some extent results can also be found among far-reaching societal and less controversial environmental goals (Eckerberg & Forsberg, 1998). Empirical evidence can also be seen to indicate a higher level of understanding, and a need for higherlevel interaction, between international and national goals on the one hand and local-level implementation on the other hand (Blake, 1999; Smith et al., 1999). Agenda 21 is an action programme that has a two-fold purpose. First, it lists certain speciŽ c problem areas that should be taken care of. These problems are mostly environmental in character, but economic and social problems are also dealt with in the document. Second, however, it is often forgotten that, in addition to putting forward actual goals at a general level, Agenda 21 also gives guidelines on how these goals could and should be achieved. These normative and loose rules of implementation include some basic principles for the participation of societal groups, especially those that are often forgotten in politics. Agenda 21 also describes explicitly the idea of democratic involvement, including information and transparency, and of decision making as a basic concept of success. In fact, these goals are often seen as even more important to the local processes than are environmental goals (Eckerberg & Forsberg, 1998). "[M]uch of the effect of LA21 should not be seen in terms of conventional environmental issues at all, but in


The Database Temperate Deciduous and Coniferous Forests of the Solling Hills (GIVD ID EU-DE-017) offers forest vegetation releves obtained from different research projects during four decades in the Solling Hills (Lower Saxony, Germany). It contains releves mainly of pure beech stands (Fagus sylvatica, Luzulo-Fagetum) representing the potential natural vegetation on acidic soils of the Solling Hills. Many parts of the Solling Hills have been converted into spruce monoculture stands (Picea abies, which is not native to the region) during the last few centuries. Meanwhile a conversion of pure spruce stands into mixed stands dominated by beech is one of the main goals of silviculture in Germany. The releves from pure beech and spruce stands as well as mixed beechspruce stands offer good opportunities e.g. to compare composition and diversity of ground layer vegetation in relation to tree species composition or to evaluate the influence of different forest management activities to species diversity. Furthermore repeated releves on permanent plots enable an evaluation of the data regarding the impact of eutrophication (including liming) and climate change on forest ecosystems.


The first part of this study concerns the vortex development in the cyclone with pure air, without material. We study the influence of the cyclone size and operating conditions (inlet velocity, turbulence rate) on aerodynamic profiles. Then the influence of geometrical parameters on vortex development are looked at.


This book presents results of a study of the impacts of international maize breeding research in seven developing countries of Asia (China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam). It provides comprehensive, updated documentation of the status of Asia's national maize seed industries, including information on the roles of the public and private sectors in maize R&D, descriptions of the germplasm products developed by public and private breeding programs, data on the extent of farmers' adoption of modern maize varieties, and analysis of varietal adoption patterns and trends. Information on emerging trends in maize research and maize seed industries is also provided. An introductory chapter on the maize economy of Asia is followed by a chapter synthesizing results of the study for Asia as a whole. More detailed, country-level studies are presented in the remaining six chapters. ISBN: 970-648-083-8 AGROVOC Descriptors: Agricultural development; Economic analysis; Private sector; Public sector; Seed industry; Zea mays; Maize; Germplasm; Plant breeding; Research projects; Developing countries; China; India; Indonesia; Nepal; Philippines; Thailand; Viet Nam; Asia AGRIS Category Codes: E14 Development Economics and Policies F30 Plant Genetics and Breeding Dewey Decimal Classification: 338.165 GER Design and Layout: Marcelo Ortiz S., and Miguel Mellado E.


Vilanova i la Geltru city, located between Barcelona (40 Km.) and Tarragona (45 Km.), is Garraf's region capital. Its total area is 33,5 Km2 and its population overcomes the 65000 inhabitants, according to the municipal poll review in 2012. It has a wide history and it obtained the "Carta Pobla", granted by King James I, in 1274. Vilanova i la Geltru economy consisted basically of agriculture and maritime trade (wine trade specially). This product was important in the XVIII and XIX centuries. Nowadays its economy stands out for the sea, both for the fishing (this municipality owns one of the largest fishing fleets in Cataluna) and for the tourism, as people enjoy spending their time in the beach during the summer. Events are organised throughout all the year by the seashore in this city. The amplifications of the harbour and the constructions built last years have separated day by day the city from the sea. The maritime promenade, located between the city and the harbour, is 700 meters away from the seashore. It's hard to see the harbour clearly while walking through the promenade, as there are many buildings and fences between them. The aim of this project is finding the way to connect the city to the sea as it was before. The maritime promenade limits will be defined and extended and new vegetable species will be introduced and reorganised. The pavement, the street furniture and street lighting will be changed. Moreover, interventions in different points available for building, such as "Placa del port", will be proposed. In conclusion, the proposal is to change the current transition between the sea and the city giving this way a more logical answer to Vilanova i la Geltru's front line. Keywords: Gardening, Green spaces, Landscaping, Seafront.


First consider two particles diffusing on the same line, with positions at time t given by y 1(t) and y2 (t) respectively. We suppose that they cannot pass one another, so that if initially y 1(0) < y 2(0), then . As long as the two particles are not in contact, we suppose that each moves, independently of the other, according to the Wiener process. We must also prescribe what happens when collisions occur. There seems to be no unique natural way to do this, and we shall adopt a method recommended by its mathematical convenience. However, we shall see that there are two possible motivations for the prescription, one in terms of random walks, the other in terms of a more mechanical model.


We determine central charges, critical exponents and appropriate gradient flow relations for non-supersymmetric vector-like and chiral Gauge-Yukawa theories that are fundamental according to Wilson ...


In this paper,the Ili River valley region as a study area,the heavy metal elements such as Cu,Pb,As and Hg content in 103 soil samples were measured to analyze spatial distribution of Cu,Pb,As and Hg by geostatistical analysis.The results indicated that Cu,Pb,As content in the soil were significantly higher than the background value of soil in Xinjiang,and Hg content was opposite.The heavy metal in the soil of the study area exhibited variability at different degree,which As in the soil sample exhibited the largest variation degree.Spatial analysis indicated that Cu,As,Hg content in the soil samples was moderate spatial correlation,which were affected by the dual influence of random factor and structure factor.As content in the soil had the most influence on random factor,and Pb was strong spatial correlation,mainly influenced by the structure factor.The Nemerow index evaluation method was used to evaluate environmental pollution caused by Cu,Pb,As and Hg in the soil.The results showed that the soil in the studied region was not polluted by Hg.Overall,the soil in the studied region was polluted by Cu and Pb moderately,but the degree of pollution was less in some survey areas.The soil was polluted heavily by As,especially pollution phenomenon in Huocheng county,Yining county,Yining city and Qapqal county.


Internet robotic appliactions, also known as "bots", have a broad sprectrum of usage. Bots are growing in numbers exponentially, following the expansion of Internet and it's massive usage. Best known bots are for example Google search bots, which access internet pages content, browse the data, and sends selected data in appropriate form to central database, where that data get categorised and organised for indexing purposes. This enables effective search and reporting results of a search by some terms. However, bots can have much more sophisticated applications: To replace living person in some simple or complex operations, both for purpose of acquiring wanted data, or update/insert some data in behalf of some business system/software. This way that operations goes faster, more efficient, and without human error factor. This makes bots very actuel segment of internet software, both for users and programers. In this paper, potential of bots is illustrated on example of automatic access, search and presenting multilayered, heterogenous data of business subjects in Republic of Serbia, regarding public available data from databases of APR and NBS.


In this paper, we propose a novel approach of user interface for querying Digital Video Library. Through the proposed user interface, the users can specify the query more easily and precisely for image and video retrieval, resulting in better retrieval accuracy of the system. The prototype of the proposed system allows specification of character, atmosphere, implement, mapping and event for the query. This prototype not only provides users with the convenience of query specification in various aspects, but also can easily be extended to the retrieval systems of various multimedia data.


Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality affecting over a million people every year. Biological markers for early detection and distant metastatic disease in patients with CRC are not well defined. We have identified transmembrane mucin MUC13, which is expressed in normal colon mucosa to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer, but the underlying pathways and the signaling mechanisms involved in CRC pathogenesis are not known. Our studies suggest MUC13 correlation with demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics. Materials and Methods: Retrospective institutional tumor registry was reviewed to identify patients with resected colon adenocarcinoma. Archived FFPE tissue blocks were reviewed by an experienced pathologist. Selected representative tissue blocks were serially sectioned at 4 µm. IHC staining was performed using an in-house MAb for MUC13. Slides were digitally scanned and analyzed qualitatively as well as quantitatively using a modified H-score based on the intensity of expression and percentage of stained cells. MUC13 was correlated with disease stage, aggressiveness and inflammatory markers, indicating poor prognosis in CRC patients. MUC13 splice variants were probed using novel designed probes. MUC13 SNPs were identified using unbiased approach by analyzing dpGAP database. Results: 196 tissues, of which 56.1% were female, 52% were white, and the median age at resection was 70. 38 (19.4%) were stage I, 64 (32.7%) stage II, 84 (42.9%) stage III, and 10 (5.1%) stage IV. 100% of colon adenocarcinoma tissues stained positively for MUC13, including definitive tumor epithelial staining, little-to-no background stromal staining, and mild staining of adjacent normal colon mucosa. Typical colon adenocarcinoma cells exhibited strong apical membranous staining with varying degrees of cytoplasmic staining. Advanced stage tumors were noted to more frequently exhibit basolateral and/or circumferential membranous staining compared to early stage tumors which more frequently displayed apical membrane staining alone. Five MUC13 transcript variants were identified by database analysis. Two of the protein coding MUC13 variants (long and short) showed differential expression in aggressive cell lines and patient tissues. Cyclic turnover between the short and long isoforms were observed during Anoikis resistance, cortisol, alcohol and BAP treatments. SNPs have been associated with increased risk of cancer incidence or fatality. Relevant MUC13 SNPs have been identified through systematic analysis of patient databases (dpGAP database). Verification and correlation of identified SNPs with patient disease stage and prognosis will also be presented. Conclusion: This is the first study to correlate MUC13 expression with disease outcome. Alternative transcripts and single nucleotide polymorphisms gave genetic insight of the role of MUC13 in CRC pathogenesis. Citation Format: Manish K. Tripathi, Chidi Zacheaus, Kyle Doxtater, Zachary Stiles, Fatemeh Keramatnia, Nadeem Zafar, Mahul Amin, Meena Jaggi, Subhash Chauhan. MUC13 is a novel molecular signature, for early detection and metastatic colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5178.


The effect of pile radiation on the decomposition of carbon dioxide and on the reaction between carbon dioxide and graphite was studied. The apparatus was an all-glass circulation system with a temperature controlled section centaining a graphite specimen in the core of the pile. The reaction was followed by analyzing the gas samples for carbon monoxide. In the absence of graphite, slight decomposition of CO/sub 2/ to carbon monoxide and oxygen was found. In the presence of graphite the formation of carbon monoxide was greater, no oxygen was found, and the rate of reaction was dependent on the volume of gas irradiated immediately upstream of the gnaphite. The radiation steady-state carbon monoxide-carbon dioxide composition was approached from CO/sub 2/-rich and CO-rich mixtures and, was shown to lie between 0.034 and 0.6% CO in CO/sub 2/ at a total pressure of one atmosphere. The results can be accounted for qualitatively if it is assumed that the reaction proceeds through active intermediates formed during the decomposition of CO/sub 2/ gas by radiation. Quantitatively, the results depend on geometrical features of the design of apparatus and, in particular, on the arrangement of the graphite sample and preirradiated gas volume. (auth)


The LAMPS (Light Airborne Multipurpose System) Avionic System is a complex, sophisticated, helicopter borne system designed to perform Antisubmarine War fare (ASW) and Antiship Surveillance Targeting (ASST) missions. This paper describes the LAMPS Avionic Mainte nance Test (AMT) system, which has been designed to provide Navy Electronic Maintenance personnel with a self-contained, interactive, comprehensive, yet easy to-use, diagnostic system capable of detecting equip ment faults and isolating those faults to the failed. ,,black box.,, The AMT system comprises the following elements 0 Avionic Maintenance Technician/Operator 0 Avionic Maintenance Manuals 0 Avionic Maintenance Test Program (AMTP) 0 LAMPS Avionic System. The LAMPS Avionic System contains both new development avionic equipment and inventory (in-serive) equipment. Certain modifications have been incorporated into selected new-development avionic equipment to support testing of some in-service equipment the has limited built-in test (BIT) capability.


The article presents the main historical milestones associated with the formation of the hospital in 1943, its location during combat work during the Great Patriotic War and medical activity in the post-war years. The management staff of the hospital, medical and service personnel of the institution for the period from 1943 to 2014 are presented.


Hydrogen bonding is a topic which has received much attention over the years and continues to do so as the importance of such interactions is established in all areas of chemistry. The class of hydrogen bonds that directly involves electron-rich transition metal centres in the three-centre interaction has received little attention until quite recently. Such interactions are of importance in understanding intermolecular interactions between organometallic molecules and are particularly relevant to understanding proton transfer reactions that directly involve transition metal centres. Hydrogen bonds in which transition metal centres serve as the hydrogen-bond acceptor, i.e. X―H...M (X = C, N, O, S), can be identified on the basis of geometric and spectroscopic criteria which confirm: (i) that such interactions should be classified alongside conventional hydrogen bonds (X―H...X'), and (ii) that these three-centre four-electron interactions can be distinguished from the better known three-centre two-electron X―H...M (X = B, C, Si, P, S) interactions. In salts of the type R 3 NH + Co(CO) 3 L - , where L = CO, P(OR) 3 or PR 3 , it is shown that increasing the basicity of the hydrogen-bond acceptor [Co(CO) 3 L - ] by changing L leads to strengthening of the N―H...Co hydrogen bond. Furthermore, in reactions where the products were dictated by a competition between N―H...N and N―H...Co hydrogen-bond formation, results suggested that N―H...N were formed preferentially, inferring that those hydrogen bonds involving metal centres are the weaker hydrogen bonds. Some initial results that point towards the construction of larger hydrogen-bonded assemblies involving X―H...M hydrogen bonds are also discussed.


Journalism is raised by Greco-Roman Rhetoric and Dialectics and comes through the present days without ever giving up on its central pillar: words. Words are to be found everywhere: in writt en texts, static or dynamic images; in info- graphics and great, typical journalistic tales. They are to be found in chronics, comics, informal talk and social networks. To become a journalist means to not give up on words that are central when one acknowledges the importance of the surroundings, of detection methods and narrative models. Words are at the core of controversy and convincing prac- tices. They are at the core of becoming a journalist.


The main goal of sequence analysis is the motion estimation of moving objects which are present in the scene. One of the most important approaches for motion estimation is based on the estimation of an approximated projection of 3D motion on the image plane, which is usually called optical flow. The collection in time of these optical flows can be useful to understand the object structure and behavior. In this paper, the problem of counting people by interpreting optical flow fields in space and time is presented. Experimental results of counting people who are going inlout of a public bus are reported.


A 3D visualization tool for file system hierarchies is presented. The visualization technique used is based on the Tree-map / nested Venn diagram concept and is capable of visualizing metrics and attributes such as size, change and file type for thousands of nodes simultaneously. Size is visualized through node base area, change is visualized through the ghosting and hiding of unchanged nodes and file type is visualized through colors. Actions such as navigation and selection are performed exclusively in 3D. Finally a method for improving the visibility of nodes through the equalization of sibling nodes is proposed.


The magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys are well-promising for the controlled magnetic field-induced motion. This paper describes the observer-based inverse hysteresis control of a prototypic MSM based actuating element The MSM induced motion is a novel and challenging topic for mechatronics due to a high integrity of the magnetic and mechanical components as well as a complex nonlinear dynamic behavior to be controlled. A highly hysteretic and thereto non-deterministic (to the certain degree) response of the field-induced strain is the main challenge when regulating the MSM generated motion. The way, how the MSM type actuators can be controlled robustly using the observer-based inverse hysteresis approach is described and shown with experiments.


The measurements derived from samples taken during the processing of macro-batch 1 (MB1) at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) have been reviewed and compared in this report. Batches 22 through 93 were the focal point of this study. Statistical control charts were developed for each analyte for each vessel to identify influential or exceptional results in the variation, central tendency, or both for the measurements. These charts should serve as a basis for observing the (expected) impact of some decisions made during the processing of this macro-batch.


The exact amount of kepone released into the environment since production begin in Hopewell, Virginia, in 1966 is not known. It has been estimated, however, that roughly one hundred thousand pounds of the chemical were released during the period 1966 to 1975 from the Allied Chemical Corporation semi-works plant and the Life Sciences Products Company. This total resulted from the continuous release of kepone-saturated wastewaters, particulate emissions, and bulk disposal of waste batches of the chemical. In April 1977 a study was initiated to determine the feasibility of removing kepone from the James River. One aspect of this research involved a field sampling program designed to establish the extent of kepone deposition in and around the City of Hopewell. Emphasis was placed on identifying specific areas of high kepone concentration which could potentially serve as continuing sources of contamination to the James River system. This paper presents a summary of the data collected during 1977 over five months of the sampling program.


In some special situations the wind-induced noise of perforated plates may show strong power enhancement in a certain frequency band and hence exhibits a "tone-like" character. This problem is inve ...


current wearable sensor technologies and conceptualizes a strategy how measurement science combined with high-power computing driven be integrated into preventive using the framework of Medical Cybernetics (MC) as it is definable with its three major


This paper addresses to the problem of a non-linear MIMO systems control. A class of non-linear parameter uncertain systems operating under unknown bounded disturbances is considered. It is assumed, that mathematical model of such system can be decomposed on linear and non-linear dynamics. Proposed control algorithm is based on the method of consecutive compensator. The only required parameter to be known for the controller synthesis is a relative degree of linear part of plant. The effectiveness of the control method is demonstrated experimentally using the laboratory platform named «Twin Rotor MIMO System». The proposed method is compared with standard PID controller. Experimental results show that the transient behaviour of the developed control algorithm provides higher accuracy and performance, especially for the case of model parameters deviation from their nominal values.


The invention discloses a liquid crystal display panel and an array substrate thereof. The array substrate comprises a substrate body, multiple scanning lines, multiple data lines and multiple shared scanning lines. The scanning lines and the data lines are arranged on the substrate body in an intersecting mode to form multiple pixel units. Each pixel unit comprises a main pixel unit body and a sub pixel unit body. The sub pixel unit bodies of two adjacent pixel units are adjacently arranged. Two adjacent sub pixel unit bodies share one shared scanning line. One shared scanning line is used for simultaneously driving two adjacent sub pixel unit bodies. By means of the mode, the number of the shared scanning lines can be reduced, the aperture rate occupied by the shared scanning lines is reduced, and the aperture rate of pixels is increased.


This study builds on the innovation and organization literatures to examine how innovation origin and selection behave at intersections and influence the nature of innovation outcomes. Specifically, we focus on how the strategy of the organization where the idea is developed (i.e. the organizational environment in which the project is developed) reinforces or erodes the imprinting from idea generation (i.e. the knowledge sources at the project?s origin) on the nature of innovation outcomes. We use data from a survey to Italian inventors on the process of innovation development of two types of innovations: market exploitative innovations and technological exploratory innovations, which are allowed to overlap. Results suggest that the organizational environment in which the project is developed moderates the effect of the original knowledge sources on the innovation outcome. The imprinting effect of ideas on innovative outcome is shown to be stronger for smaller firms than for large firms. Individual and market ideas developed in sole or small ventures interact favorably to create incentives for exploitation of market opportunities. Ideas coming from scientific activities and developed at sole or small ventures are instead associated with exploration of technological novelty.


Purpose: To clinically and radiologically evaluate medium term outcome of a patient cohort age 55 years or older at the time of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). Methods: Between January 1997 and January 2003, 60 patients (52 males) underwent 66 MOWHTOs. Following a systematic chart review 56 returned for follow up. Outcomes measures were KOOS, LEFS, SF-12, Cincinnati, Tegner scores, a new activity score and physical examination. Routine knee and long leg standing radiographs were compared to pre and early postoperative radiographs. Results: Thirteen patients were not assessed further, 6 (7 MOWHTOs) had undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA), 3 had passed away and 4 were lost to follow up. Thus the probability of survival (not converting MOWHTO to TKA) was 0.966 at 3 years, 0.927 at 4 years and 0.878 at 5 years. Quality of life, functional status and general health of the remaining 47 patients (52 HTOs) with a mean age of 62 years (55–75) at the time of surgery were assessed. At a mean follow up of 62 months (26–98), on the author's activity score, 83% performed at least one high impact activity at moderate to high intensity an average of 4–7 times weekly and 6% did not participate in any sport. Average participation in activities/sports was 3 per person at a participation level of 4.6 (Tegner). The mean Cincinnati score was 75% (SD=23, 14–95%). Mean scores for the KOOS and LEFS were 66% (SD=22,7–99%) and 49 (SD=18, 5–80) respectively. The mean physical component score of the SF-12 was 42 (SD=11, 21.7–60.4) and the mean mental component score, 54 (SD=11, 26–68). Seventy–two percent were fully weight bearing by 3 months. There were 6 revisions performed for a combination of delayed and non-unions. Conclusions: MOWHTO remains a viable alternative for patients over the age of 55 with knee osteoarthritis and varus malalignment who would otherwise be candidates for arthroplasty and particularly for those wishing to maintain or regain a high level of activity.


[i] It is shown that the framework of Hall magnetohydrodynamics (Hall-MHD), which can support three quadratic invariants and allows nonlinear states to depart fundamentally from the Alfvenic, is capable of reproducing in the inertial range the three branches of the observed solar wind magnetic fluctuation spectrum: the Kolmogorov branch f -5/3 , steepening to f -α1 , with α 1 ≃ 3-4 on the high-frequency side and flattening to f -1 on the low-frequency side. These fluctuations are found to be associated with the nonlinear Hall-MHD shear Alfven waves. The spectrum of the concomitant whistler-type fluctuations is very different from the observed one. Perhaps the relatively stronger damping of the whistler fluctuations may cause their unobservability. The issue of the anisotropy of the turbulence is addressed briefly.


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator involved in the control of angiogenesis and vascular permeability and has been shown to be induced by hypoxia in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [3]. VEGF-A is the most potent promoter of angiogenesis and vascular permeability within the VEGF family and its role in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD is well recognized [4, 5]. The advent of intravitreous VEGF inhibitors has revolutionized the management of neovascular AMD. Yet, frequently, indefinite injections of VEGF blocking agents introduce a significant treatment burden for patients with neovascular AMD, and may potentially put patients in the risk of developing ocular and systemic adverse effects from injections. Many studies on modified treatment regimens have been performed in an attempt to mitigate this burden without compromise to visual acuity outcomes. Meanwhile, various randomized clinical trials on combination therapies and efforts to develop new pharmacologic agents are ongoing.


We present a logic of evaluation which clarifies the relationship between knowledge, values and preferences of multiple agents in an interactive setting. Evaluation is a fundamental concept for understanding how an ethical agent's decision is affected by her values. We provide a complete axiomatics for the logic and present a dynamic extension by the concept of value expansion. We show that value expansion indirectly affects the agents' preferences by inducing a preference upgrade operation.