The ability to more easily create and deploy new services is a major driver for movement toward next-generation converged communication networks. There are many approaches to provide this ability, each suited to different kinds of services, customers, and network operators. This paper presents a framework for service creation that organizes service creation methods. It can be used to help select the most appropriate enabling products and technologies. We define a set of domains of services and show how different methods of service creation apply to each of these domains. We show how the various methods of service creation differ in the ways they define the service, distribute the definition to network elements, interpret or execute the definition, and perform the functions that embody the service. We also explore how networks can expose application programming interfaces, protocol interfaces, and user interfaces to allow third parties to create services.


The purpose of the current study was to examine wage differentials based on gender over a six year post-school period and potential moderators of differential outcomes based on gender. The study included data on 521 participants of a statewide school to work program who had wage data within the state employment database. Results based on mixed effects models indicated that males with disabilities achieved significantly higher starting wages than females and this wage gap remained consistent across the study period. Moderators by gender indicated that graduating high school with a diploma and successful closure from Vocational Rehabilitation were significantly related to higher initial wages for males with disabilities but not females. Results are discussed in the context of related findings suggesting that females do not obtain the same returns as males with disabilities from common benchmarks of success.


Objective:To evaluate the fore and back displacement in femoral interchanteric fracture and its effect at treatment with Gamma nail. Methods: Sixty three patients with femoral interchanteric fracture were treated by Gamma nail, we measured the image in operation and photo after operation, total the patients with fore and back displaced above 0.5cm and the patients with compress screw displaced away the midline of femoral head above 1.0cm. Results: About 30% patients had fore and back displacement, more in the unstabile than others. Ten patients had compress screw displacement away the midline of femoral head, penetration of compression screws though the femoral head in three patients. Conclusion: The fore and back displacement are more in the unstabile fracture, some cases are concerned with the placement of Gamma nail, this could lead to the compress screw displace away the midline of femoral head, in the operation X ray set is needed, the patients should delay the time coming down for exerise.


ABSTRACT Adopting a different theoretical framework from the one dominating the field, this study explored bilingualism influences on the development and differentiation of mental abilities. Albanian-Turkish bilingual (N = 122) and Albanian-speaking monolingual (N = 129) children, adolescents, and adults were assessed on monitoring, inhibitory control, processing efficiency, fluid reasoning, and vocabulary, and were asked to specify their own language efficiency (a cognizance index). Analyses showed a bilingual advantage in monitoring—adjusting for any fluid reasoning effects—which was larger in children. Moreover, a more pronounced bilingual benefit was observed for the incongruent condition RT of the attention task. Structural equation modelling showed though that the difference between language groups does not lie within the executive function domain (inhibitory control); it rather regards processing efficiency. Analyses also revealed increased differentiation of mental abilities in bilinguals, reflecting enhanced cognitive flexibility. Implications for cognitive developmental and individual differences theories are discussed.


Set in the late 19th century, chiefly in Paris and Rome, this drama involves the alleged abduction of the Pope, a "miraculous" conversion, swindling, adultery, bastardy and murder. The characters are a motley crew of noblemen, saints, adventurers and pickpockets.


The second installment of a H I redshift survey in the region of the Hercules supercluster is presented. This part of the survey presents 218 H I spectra of galaxies selected from the UGC which extends the previously begun survey of UGC galaxies in that region. In addition, spectra of 136 galaxies from selected CGCG fields are given. The CGCG fields were chosen to cover the projected position of the Hercules void. Measured H I parameters from the spectra are given. This survey was conducted for application of the Tully-Fisher relation to search for streaming motion around the void in front of the supercluster


/Co 2+ redox potential of 4.8V vs. Li/Li + . An early stage of LiCoPO4 research by Amine et al (2000) showed the evolution of a discharge plateau at 4.8 V accompanied by a capacity of 70 mAh/g, far below its theoretical capacity (167 mAh/g). This degradation of capacity was caused by low electronic conductivity and Li + diffusivity of LiCoPO4. Wolfenstine et al (2004) demonstrated that the enhancement of electronic conductivity by carbon coating on the surface of LiCoPO4 particles could not make the theoretical capacity of LiCoPO4 attained. It might stem from its low Li-ion diffusivity. It was also shown by Rabanal et al, (2006) that the improvement of electrochemical performance of LiCoPO4 /C composite was attributed to the reduced particle size of LiCoPO4 by high energy ballmilling.


To the Editor.— We report a case of erythema nodosum treated with potassium iodide with the development of profound hypothyroidism secondary to exogenous intake of iodide. It is known that the prolonged use of iodides can lead to hypothyroidism, termed the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. 1,2 Clinicians should be alert for signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism while treating patients with potassium iodide. Report of a Case.— A 67-year-old woman was seen in April 1986 with tender red nodules located mainly on the anterior surfaces of the legs. A biopsy specimen of one of the nodules showed a septal panniculitis consistent with erythema nodosum. Medications included insulin, prazosin hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide, potassium, and metaproterenol sulfate, none of which were recently started. Workup included chest roentgenogram, tuberculin skin test, chemistry profile, complete blood cell count, rapid plasma reagin, urinalysis, antistreptolysin-O titer, and antinuclear antibody, all of which showed negative or unremarkable results. The patient


The present invention, ischemia-related (i.e., nerve cell hypoxia and / or hypoglycemia) A method of treating or preventing a condition, the constant to a patient in need of such treatment or prevention Chiosemikaruba by administering a hydrazone compound, to a method. More particularly, the present invention is Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, global ischemia due to cardiac arrest, focal cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic infarction, hypertensive hemorrhage, rupture of intracranial vascular abnormalities by hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms, hypertensive encephalopathy, carotid artery stenosis or occlusion leading to cerebral ischemia, cardiogenic thromboembolism, spinal stroke and spinal cord injury, such as atherosclerotic brain angiopathy, vasculitis, macular degeneration, myocardial infarction, a certain specific ischemic related conditions such may comprise either or derived ischemic condition due to the state as cardiac ischemia and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias to a method for preventing or treating. .FIELD 8


Abstract: The effects of guanine nucleotides, NaCl, and solubilization on the interaction of antagonists and agonists with the A1 adenosine receptor of bovine brain membranes were studied using the high‐affinity antagonist radioligand [3H]xanthine amine congener ([3H]XAC). In membranes, guanine nucleotides and NaCl had no effect on [3H]XAC saturation curves. Using agonist (R)‐phenylisopropyladenosine (R‐PIA) competition curves versus [3H]XAC, it was demonstrated that agonists could differentiate two affinity states having high and low affinity for agonist and that guanine nucleotides shifted the equilibrium to an all‐low‐affinity state that was indistinguishable from the low‐affinity state in the absence of guanine nucleotides. In contrast, NaCl decreased agonist affinity by a distinctly different mechanism characterized by a parallel rightward shifted agonist curve such that R‐PIA still recognized two affinity states albeit of lower affinity than in the absence of salt. R‐PIA competition curves in the presence of both guanine nucleotides and salt were still shallow but were shifted far to the right, and two very low affinity states were discerned. On solubilization, guanine nucleotides in a reversible, concentration‐dependent manner increased antagonist ([3H]XAQ but not agonist (R‐N6‐−[3H]phenyl‐isopropyladenosine) binding. This was consequent to a change in maximal binding capacity. R‐PIA competition curves (versus [3H]XAC) in solubilized preparations demonstrated that agonist could still differentiate two agonist specific affinity states which were modulated by guanine nucleotides. In the presence of guanine nucleotides all the receptors were shifted to a uniform low‐affinity state. In contrast, NaCl had no effect on agonist affinity as determined by agonist competition curves in a solubilized receptor preparation. This is firm evidence that guanine nucleotides and NaCl must decrease agonist affinity by distinct mechanisms.


Layered non-centrosymmetric bismuth tellurohalides are being examined as candidates for topological insulators. Pressure is believed to be essential for inducing and tuning topological order in these systems. Through electrical transport and Raman scattering measurements, we find superconductivity in two high-pressure phases of BiTeCl with the different normal state features, carrier characteristics, and upper critical field behaviors. Superconductivity emerges when the resistivity maximum or charge density wave is suppressed by the applied pressure and then persists till the highest pressure of 51 GPa measured. The huge enhancement of the resistivity with three magnitude of orders indicates the possible achievement of the topological order in the dense insulating phase. These findings not only enrich the superconducting family from topological insulators but also pave the road on the search of topological superconductivity in bismuth tellurohalides.


Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effects of CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, cultivated area andthelabourforce ontheproductionof cereal cropsinPakistan fromtheperiod1971-2014. Design/methodology/approach – The study used the Johansen cointegration test, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and Granger causality test to estimate the long-run cointegration and direction of therelationship between thedependent andindependentvariables. Findings – The outcomes of the Johansen cointegration test con fi rmed the existence of a long-term cointegrating relationship betweenthe production of cereal crops, CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, cultivated area and the labour force. The results of the long-run coef fi cients of CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, cultivated area and labour force have a positive impact on cereal crops production. The long-run relationships reveal that a 1 per cent increase in CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, cultivated area and labour force will increase cereal crops production by 0.20, 0.11, 0.56 and 0.74 per cent, respectively. Moreover, the fi ndings show that there is a bidirectional causality running from CO 2 emissions and cultivated area to cereal crops production. Moreover,thereisaunidirectionalcausalityrunningfromenergyconsumptiontocerealcropsproduction. Originality/value – The present study also fi lls the literature gap for applying the ARDL procedure to examine this relevantissue for Pakistan.


Let $q>r\ge1$ be coprime integers. Let $R(n,q,r)$ be the $n$th record gap between primes in the arithmetic progression $r$, $r+q$, $r+2q,\ldots,$ and denote by $N_{q,r}(x)$ the number of such records observed below $x$. For $x\to\infty$, we heuristically argue that if the limit of $N_{q,r}(x)/\log x$ exists, then the limit is 2. We also conjecture that $R(n,q,r)=O_q(n^2)$. Numerical evidence supports the conjectural (a.s.) upper bound $$R(n,q,r)<\varphi(q)n^2+(n+2)q\log^2 q.$$ The median (over $r$) of $R(n,q,r)$ grows like a quadratic function of $n$; so do the mean and quartile points of $R(n,q,r)$. For fixed values of $q\gtrsim200$ and $n\approx10$, the distribution of $R(n,q,r)$ is skewed to the right and close to both Gumbel and lognormal distributions; however, the skewness appears to slowly decrease as $n$ increases. The existence of a limiting distribution of $R(n,q,r)$ is an open question.


A major source of recognition errors, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words are also semantically important; recognizing them is, therefore, crucial for understanding. Success, so far, has been modest, even on very constrained tasks. In this paper we present a new approach to unlimited vocabulary speech recognition based on using grapheme-to-phoneme correspondences for sub-lexical modeling of OOV words, and also some very encouraging results we obtained with our approach on a large vocabulary speech recognition task.


We prove that knowledge of the character degrees of a finite group G and of their multiplicities determines whether G has a Sylow p-subgroup as a direct factor. An analogous result based on knowledge of the conjugacy class sizes is known. We prove variations of both results and discuss their similarities.


In this article, a new generalization of the Generalized Lin ear Exponential distribution called the odd generalized ex ponential generalized linear exponential distribution is proposed. The mathematical properties, including moments and order s tatistics, have been derived. An application of the model to real data sets reveal d that the new model can be used to provide a better fit than its sub-models.


In this paper, the microstructure and frictional wear mechanism of iron based high temperature brake friction materials prepared by powder metallurgy are studied. The results show that iron based friction materials are mainly composed of iron matrix, graphite and hard phase. Under the working condition of rotating speed of 6000r/min, the frictional wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear and slight oxidative wear. Under the working condition of rotating speed of 8800r/min, the frictional wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear, adhesive wear and oxidative wear.


Caterpillars of Buckleria spp. (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) have a unique feeding habit of eating trap leaves of carnivorous sundew plants (Drosera spp.). We observed the foraging behavior of Buckleria paludum on trap leaves of Drosera spp. and discussed how the moth species avoided being caught by trap leaves. In 81.5% (66/81) of encounters with glandular hairs on adaxial surfaces of Drosera trap leaves, B. paludum larvae licked mucilage and crawled on the processed hairs. The frequency of licking mucilage was significantly higher than the frequency of other behaviors such as eating glandular hairs, chewing bases of them without eating and ignoring when encountering secreted mucilage. Licking mucilage enables the caterpillars to move safely on trap leaves and prevents bending of glandular hairs.


This This study aims to analyze the effect of the Regional Financial Management Information System and Financial Technical Guidance on the Quality of the Lebak Regency Regional Government Financial Statements for the period 2012-2016. Because of an increase in opinion from the Financial Supervisory Agency from the previous year. This is an interesting phenomenon that occurs in Lebak Regency.

The method of research conducted by the author is a quantitative method. Respondents in this study were all financial administration officials (PPK), expenditure treasurers, revenue treasurers and regional financial management information system operators in 30 regional organizations at the level of Agency / Service in Lebak Regency, amounting to 99 respondents. Data retrieval is done by using a sample non probability sampling in the form of purposive sampling. Data obtained 94 respondents from 99 questionnaires distributed. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS version 22.0 program. Data analysis techniques used to test the hypothesis using the Classic Assumption Test formula, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Correlation Coefficient, Determination, Regression Coefficient Test together (f test) and Partial Regression Coefficient Test (t test).

The results of data analysis obtained from 94 respondents, obtained values in the equation Y = 1.711 + 0.213X1 + 0.715X2 and adjusted R square (R2) of 0.843 or 84% of the variables X1 and X2. From the description above, it can be concluded that the Regional Financial Management Information System and Financial Technical Guidance influence and significantly affect the Quality of Local Government Financial Reports in Lebak Regency.


Orientation of structures in the solar wind plays an important role when attempting to use upstream observations at L1 for prediction of subsequent conditions near the Earth. In this study, the relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure forcing and geosynchronous magnetic field response is used to determine a very large set of lagged correlations between the ACE and GOES satellites. Effects due to tilted solar wind structures are explored using the dispersion of arrival times relative to a simple phase plane model. Assuming that structure phase‐front normal vectors were located in the GSE‐xy plane, we found a characteristic azimuth of 15°. Similar analysis carried out with velocity scaling according to the Parker spiral model did not produce an improved fit. Binning by average interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) B→ orientation produced a clear pattern in characteristic azimuth, with phase‐front normals perpendicular to both the predominant Parker spiral orientation and the less common ortho‐spiral configuration. An empirical relationship φn̂=−45°sin(2φB) was found to predict phase‐front normal azimuth over the entire range of observed IMF azimuths. The effects of lateral displacement from the Sun‐Earth line in the GSE‐z direction are comparable to those for GSE‐y, indicating that solar wind structures are often significantly inclined with respect to the ecliptic plane.


This work concerns regional controllability of linear and semi linear hyperbolic systems as in ([9, 10, 11]) but the results are established with more flexible conditions. Also we consider the case where the subregion of interest is a boundary part of the system evolution domain.Then we give illustrations of different results through many examples and simulations.


The Cool Knife: Imagery of Gender, Sexuality, and Moral Education inKaguru Initiation Ritual. T. O. Beidelman. Washington, DO. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997. 312 pp.


Photo- and thermo-oxidative degradation of several dyes, additives and pure cellulose paper, were examined mainly by photo-induced chemiluminescence (PICL) technique. The degradation levels were assessed based on free radical populations of irradiated sam


There are pressing motivations for understanding the preferred extremals of Kahler action. For instance, the conformal invariance of string models naturally generalizes to 4-D invariance defined by quantum Yangian of quantum affine algebra (Kac-Moody type algebra) characterized by two complex coordinates and therefore explaining naturally the effective 2-dimensionality. One problem is how to assign a complex coordinate with the string world sheet having Minkowskian signature of metric. One can hope that the understanding of preferred extremals could allow to identify two preferred complex coordinates whose existence is also suggested by number theoretical vision giving preferred role for the rational points of partonic 2-surfaces in preferred coordinates. The best one could hope is a general solution of field equations in accordance with the hints that TGD is integrable quantum theory.

A lot is is known about properties of preferred extremals and just by trying to integrate all this understanding, one might gain new visions. The problem is that all these arguments are heuristic and rely heavily on physical intuition. The following considerations relate to the space-time regions having Minkowskian signature of the induced metric. The attempt to generalize the construction also to Euclidian regions could be very rewarding. Only a humble attempt to combine various ideas to a more coherent picture is in question.

The core observations and visions are following.

Hamilton-Jacobi coordinates for M4 > define natural preferred coordinates for Minkowskian space-time sheet and might allow to identify string world sheets for X4 as those for M4. Hamilton-Jacobi coordinates consist of light-like coordinate m and its dual defining local 2-plane M2⊂ M4 and complex transversal complex coordinates (w,w*) for a plane E2x orthogonal to M2x at each point of M4. Clearly, hyper-complex analyticity and complex analyticity are in question.

Space-time sheets allow a slicing by string world sheets (partonic 2-surfaces) labelled by partonic 2-surfaces (string world sheets).

The quaternionic planes of octonion space containing preferred hyper-complex plane are labelled by CP2, which might be called CP2mod. The identification CP2=CP2mod motivates the notion of M8--M4× CP2. It also inspires a concrete solution ansatz assuming the equivalence of two different identifications of the quaternionic tangent space of the space-time sheet and implying that string world sheets can be regarded as strings in the 6-D coset space G2/SU(3). The group G2 of octonion automorphisms has already earlier appeared in TGD framework.

The duality between partonic 2-surfaces and string world sheets in turn suggests that the CP2=CP2mod conditions reduce to string model for partonic 2-surfaces in CP2=SU(3)/U(2). String model in both cases could mean just hypercomplex/complex analyticity for the coordinates of the coset space as functions of hyper-complex/complex coordinate of string world sheet/partonic 2-surface.

The considerations of this section lead to a revival of an old very ambitious and very romantic number theoretic idea.
To begin with express octonions in the form o=q1+Iq2, where qi is quaternion and I is an octonionic imaginary unit in the complement of fixed a quaternionic sub-space of octonions. Map preferred coordinates of H=M4× CP2 to octonionic coordinate, form an arbitrary octonion analytic function having expansion with real Taylor or Laurent coefficients to avoid problems due to non-commutativity and non-associativity. Map the outcome to a point of H to get a map H→ H. This procedure is nothing but a generalization of Wick rotation to get an 8-D generalization of analytic map.

Identify the preferred extremals of Kahler action as surfaces obtained by requiring the vanishing of the imaginary part of an octonion analytic function. Partonic 2-surfaces and string world sheets would correspond to commutative sub-manifolds of the space-time surface and of imbedding space and would emerge naturally. The ends of braid strands at partonic 2-surface would naturally correspond to the poles of the octonion analytic functions. This would mean a huge generalization of conformal invariance of string models to octonionic conformal invariance and an exact solution of the field equations of TGD and presumably of quantum TGD itself.


For Deng Jia-Xian(the hero of two bombs),his road to success and the outstanding contribution,especially his epic story for China were introduced briefly.It was intended to appreciate the excellence,the feelings of the noble and inspiring.


With the development of bandwidth,it is important to identify the users and control their use.This paper designs an authentication system based on Netfilter in Linux operation system.It can control the number of connections and bandwidth of IP with the support of Netfilter's frame.It can provide authentication based on Web and the users can choose different exits of network and the range of time which they will retain.


Focusing on Poland, the Gdansk-born artist Rafal Beteljewski takes a performative approach in his text, which offers a brief meditation alongside the artist's provocative photographic works on Poland's 'absent' Jewish presence.


The paper expounds how the ship-loader structure is simulated by the finite element analysis software,based on FEM Europe Crane Design Specification and the model is built with several mixed elements.Furthermore it calculates the structure's strength of ship loader and gives the max.strength and its position under different conditions.


The present study determined the phytopathogenicity of eight species of fungi associated with the crown rot disease of guava fruits. These include Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. japonicus var japonicus, A. niger, A. tamarii, Fusarium sambucinum, F. verticillioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The study followed Koch's postulates for the in vivo infection of guava fruits and re-isolation of taxa for confirmation. Phytopathogenicity testing revealed that Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. japonicus, A. niger and A. tamarii, were phytopathogenic causing crown rot of guava. Re-isolation of the phytopathogenic species on the infected plant tissue confirmed the identity of the fungal isolates.


MEMS tuning fork gyroscopes (TFGs) are known to be relatively immune to vibrations due to their differential operation and common-mode rejection. However, even a perfectly-matched TFG cannot completely eliminate vibrations due to vibration-induced asymmetry and nonlinearity. We select two commonly used gyroscope structures and analyze their vibration characteristics. Both structures employ decoupled sense and drive masses with "Type-A" having an anchored sense mass and "Type-B" having an anchored drive mass. To understand the effects of vibration on these two structures, we performed nonlinear dynamic simulations using MATLAB and SIMULINK. The results show that Type-B structures are insensitive to vibrations (>99% reduction) when compared to Type-A structures. In addition, the simulations reveal the dominant vibration characteristics for each structure.


By drawing upon results from work dealing with the interactions of slow protons with matter, we estimate the light yield of grand unification monopoles from organic scintillators. It is shown that monopoles having velocities > or approx. =6 x 10sup-4c can be observed.


Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of education received by midwives and nurses on their attitudes regarding the violence against women. Material and Method: The study was conducted as an experimental model with pretest-posttest experimental and control group. The population of the study consisted of midwives and nurses working in 18 Family Health Centers in the city center of Erzurum. All midwives and nurses (84 individuals) who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study without selecting any sample group. A pretest was performed to midwives and nurses in the experimental and control groups. And then the midwives and nurses in the experimental group were trained about the violence against women and at the end of the training, they were given training manuals. Once the trainings were over, a posttest was performed to the experimental and control group. The "Questionnaire form", "Attitude towards Violence Scale" and "Scale of the Attitude of Medical Personnel towards the Occupational Roles of Violated Women" were used to collect the data. Results: It was observed that the midwives and nurses in the experimental group had considerably lower posttest mean scores in all subscales and the overall Attitude towards Violence Scale, compared to the pretest mean scores (p<0.001). It was also observed that the midwives and nurses in the


meta-analysis algorithms are used to solve real problems in different industries, such as economics, engineering, politics, management and engineering. The purpose of this work is to review the modern practice of applying the genetic algorithm technology in the technological sphere, as well as to identify and analyze the development of artificial ecosystem under the influence of this technology. The analysis showed that at present in the technology sector artificial intelligence is mainly introduced in such spheres as economics, engineering, politics, management and engineering. The paper presents well-known algorithms and their realization with their advantages and disadvantages. Various research sectors related to genetic algorithms have been covered. Future directions of research in the field of genetic operators, functions of adaptation and hybrid algorithms are discussed.


They highlight the use of penile magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with artificially induced erection in aiding diagnosis of a penile lesion that was unapparent on clinical examination. Just prior to their article publication, we described a similar case of epithe-lioid hemangioma with painful erec -tions and sleep deprivation.


Author Institution: Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Chemical biology, Gunma University, Maebashi; Gunma, 371-8510, Japan; Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8511, Japan


reflection grating with multi-stages amplifier [3-7] (pulse energy higher than 10 mJ) are scalable to higher energies but more difficult to stabilize. Our CEP stable laser system has been developed by Amplitude Technologies in collaboration with the SLIC Group in CEA Saclay, within our joint laboratory "Impulse". The laser pulses from the CEP stabilized oscillator are stretched by an Offner type Stretcher. The stretching factor is about 6 ps/nm leading to a pulse duration around 360 ps. The laser pulses are amplified at a 1 kHz repetition rate by 3 amplifiers: a regenerative amplifier, a pre-amplifier and a cryogenically cooled amplifier producing respectively 0.5, 3 and 17 mJ pulses. Pulse compression is achieved with a standard two-grating compressor in a double pass configuration. The 70% compressor transmission allows us to obtain, at the output of the system, pulses of 12 mJ and 40 fs pulse duration. We measured the CEP variation at 3 mJ by bypassing the last amplifier and at full power (17 mJ) when stabilizing the oscillator and applying a slow control loop. This feedback can be applied either on the oscillator or through a new CEP control technique using the linear Electro-Optic (EO) effect [7]. Measurements are performed using a fast multi-kHz f-2f collinear interferometer developed at CEA-Saclay. CEP control by EO device is illustrated on Figure 1a. Figure 2b shows the shot to shot and 10 ms averaged measurements for 3 mJ energy/pulse over a period of 20 minutes. The distribution is Gaussian with a standard deviation of 270 mrad (shot to shot measurements) and 110 mrad if calculated from averaged measurements (over 10 pulses). At 17 mJ, using the cryo cooled amplifier, CEP exhibits higher shot to shot noise close to 420 mrad. The noise increase is mainly due to vibrations induced by the cooling system which was verified by a CEP noise measurement in the 300 mrad range when stopping the cryo-cooler for a short period of time. Thus we report to our knowledge, one of the best CEP stabilization value in the 20W range using a new original method to control the CEP of CPA laser systems .


In recent years, the rapid development of Internet and media technology of rapid reform, speed up the arrival of the era of book publishing digital. Not only changed the traditional way of reading, but also widened the marketing channels of literature, literature is no longer confined to books, literary creation way also the direction of diversification. With the influx of a large number of Internet users, people search for information on the Internet, read the information and the phenomenon of the dissemination of information become the norm, people will pay more and more time on the Internet. Network literature under the background of the boom, with the spread of the new ways and forms of writing overturn the law of development of traditional literature.


This paper investigates whether insiders manage earnings in the quarters following their stock sales in order to mitigate earnings shocks. An insider trade followed closely by potentially value-relevant earnings disclosures gives the appearance that the trade was based on foreknowledge of the soon-to-be disclosed information. Because securities laws prohibit such trade insiders have incentives to avoid the appearance that their stock transactions are based on private information. I examine a sample of 18,349 firm quarters that correspond to insider sale or post-sale periods over the period January 1989 through July 2001. I compare properties of earnings for these sample observations to non-sale controls matched on industry, time, size and performance. I find increased levels of abnormal accruals in the periods subsequent to insider sales, and that these positive accruals are associated with analyst forecast errors whose values are indistinguishable from those of matched control firms but whose magnitudes are significantly smaller. This pattern suggests insiders manage earnings in order to distance their sales from negative earnings news consistent with avoidance of the appearance of illegal insider trade.


With the current advancement in wireless networks and various technologies implemented for automation, more innovative and improved ideas are developed to build automation systems facilitating remote controlling and monitoring of devices. In this project, a GSM based wireless home automation system is proposed and deployed which executes its function of controlling and monitoring appliances remotely. It is compliant, cost effective, low power consumption; highly efficient GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) based wireless home system. The Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) is improvised to embellish the system's security and ease of operation. With the help of this system the user can access his home appliances from anywhere and at anytime as per the requirement aiding convenience. The system permits the user direct devices through his mobile by sending commands


A method of modeling electromagnetic fields of a linear motor on analog computers is set forth. Results of a calculation of the magnetic field and operating characteristics of an experimental model of the linear motor as well as their comparison with experimental data are presented.


The purpose of this research paper is to examme the concept of stress among the women employees working in industnes. Stress has become a major concern of the modern times as it can cause harm to women employee's health and performance.The present research was under taken to study the socio-demographic details;to assess the levelof stress among the women employees and to find out the association between socto-demographic variable and other contributing factors leading to stress among the women employees. Descriptive research design was adopted and50 women employees of Modern Cotton Yarn Industry, Karur District, Tamilnadu were selected as a sample. Self prepared scale was used to measure the stress experienced by the women employees. Results indicate significant association between the domicile and stress. The findings ofthe results show that unmarried working women have to face more stress as compared to married working women.


An object of the present invention is to recognize the presence of a business-use computer that can be a management target of a management computer, and to register the recognized business-use computer as a management target host. A storage system includes business-use hosts 12 and 14, a management server 16 and a storage subsystem 18; wherein the business-use hosts 12 and 14 are connected via a SAN 22 to the storage subsystem 18, while the management server 16 is connected via a LAN 20 to the business-use hosts 12 and 14 and the storage subsystem 18. The management server 16 for recognizing business-use hosts that can be management objects, sends a communication request to all the IP addresses/ports within a range specified by the user, and registers business-use hosts returning a response in reply to the communication request as management targets.


The Triumph of the Faith, a painted enamel in the Frick Collection, New York (Fig. 1),1 signed by Leonard Limosin (c. 1505–c. 1576), has never been published so far as is known. This is all the more surprising, since it is both an outstanding Catholic document of the Reformation period in France, and an important family portrait, the individual members of which may now be identified with a fair degree of accuracy.


The current paper aims to investigate the impact of using Instagram to develop vocabulary among Saudi EFL learners. With a descriptive research design, this paper filled a gap in the literature by examining the role of Instagram in building vocabulary among Saudi EFL learners. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. To collect data, the researcher used an online questionnaire and two different types of interviews. The online questionnaire included both closed-ended and open-ended questions, involving 217 Saudi EFL learners. Regarding the interviews, structured interviews were carried out with six Saudi EFL learners to collect detailed information. Additionally, to acquire more information, semi-structured interviews involved four English tutors on Instagram. As a result, the findings revealed that Instagram plays a key role in developing EFL learners' English vocabulary and can be used as a tool to expand their vocabulary. The findings of this study add to prior research in related fields and serve as a resource for researchers studying English language instruction and acquisition as well as EFL learners.


Core-shell GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs nanowires with different diameters grown on Si(111) were investigated using room temperature time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The carrier lifetime for both the GaAs core and AlGaAs shell were measured. Both shell and core exhibits a double decay rate and a faster decay rate is observed for the AlGaAs shell. The initial fast decay in the AlGaAs is attributed to carrier transfer from the shell to the core while the slower decay is attributed to recombination of carriers within the shell. The origin of the double decay rate for the core still needs further investigation. However, one mechanism involved is the recombination of carriers within the core. This is the first reported measurement of the carrier lifetime of the shell material for GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs core-shell nanowires.


Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) is an ornamental fish with many hobbyists because of the beauty of its color pattern. Koi fish are widely cultivated around the world. Indonesia is a country that has many koi fish breeders and hobbyists. Crossbreeding between variants of koi fish can form a new variants. and provide a lot of genetic variation. This study aims to determine the variations and genetic relationships of koi fish that are widely cultivated in Indonesia. This study used 40 koi fish originating from fish farmers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Koi fish variants used are Kohaku, Showa, Sanke, and Shiro. This research uses amplification method with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker which is OPA-1 and OPA-9. The results of the RAPD-PCR showed 14 bands from the OPA-1 primer and 5 bands from the OPA-9 primer with a total of 19 bands consisting of 18 polymorphic bands and 1 monomorphic band from the four samples of koi fish variants. The results of the polymorphism analysis showed that the polymorphisms of the Shiro variants is 63.16%, Showa 47.37%, Kohaku 36.84%, and Sanke 31.58%. Genetic distance calculation using the Nei genetic distance shows that the Kohaku variant has a close genetic distance to the Showa variant and the Sanke variant has a close genetic distance to the Shiro variant.


In our country is used, generally, the cut of route, street or freeway like method of protest, such are the well-known "piquetes". It is exercised by virtue of the constitutional right to petition the authorities. However, it collides with the right, also of constitutional hierarchy, to free movement within the national territory. This means a collision between two rights of equal hierarchy, and that enjoy the same legal protection. In this sense, the current legislation, jurisprudence and what is stipulated by the doctrine will be analyzed in order to have a complete knowledge of both rights and define which prevails in case of conflict. This, with the purpose of confirming or discarding, that although the right to free movement and the right to protestas a manifestation of the right to petitionhave the same Constitutional hierarchy, understanding that neither of them is considered an absolute right, in case of conflict, the right to protest will prevail.


The purpose of this article is to establish the communicative norms in nursing handover which are positively necessary for the improvement of nurses`` communicative competence during the handover. This research is based on the preceding qualitative research on the nurses`` experience about the handover communication. The communicative norms are inferred from nurses`` notions about the positive and negative elements of nurses`` handover communication reported in the qualitative research. As a result, 39 communicative norms were found in total, and each of those norms could be applied for the information giver, the information recipient, or in both-information giver and information recipient. The norms are classified into 6 categories according to the functions and the meanings: (1) preparing condition and establishment of a relaxed atmosphere for communication, (2) communicative attitudes, (3) arrangement of modes of communication, (4) performance methods of communication, (5) contents of handover, (6) expression modes. These norms couldbe used as guidelines for the effective communication or the criteria for evaluating the performed communication during the handover.


A parameter optimization method is being proposed for a multivariable robust PID controller based on genetic algorithm with respect to the boiler-turbine control system of a thermal power plant.By taking set point tracking performance as the optimization goal and robustness as the punishment constraints,the controller parameters can be optimized by using genetic algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed controller has better load set point tracking performance compared with the PID controller reduced from robust H_∞ one,which has also good robustness.


The economic optimum design and plantwide control of two alternative processes for cumene manufacture, a conventional process using a vapor-phase packed bed reactor and a reactive distillation (RD) process, are compared in this work. In terms of the total annualized cost (TAC), the RD process is a significant 47% cheaper than the conventional process. This is attributed to the lower capital and energy costs due to process integration. The RD process yield to desired product is also higher. Effective decentralized plantwide regulatory control structures exhibiting good load rejection characteristics are developed for the two processes. A two-point temperature inferential control structure on the RD column is found to work well. The RD process thus appears a promising alternative to the conventional process.


8-Methoxy-2, 3, 4-trimethyl-1H-pyrrolo [3, 2-c] quinoline-6, 9-dione (28) and 2-methoxy-6-methyl-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydro-11H-indolo [3, 2-c] quinoline-1, 4-dione (31) can be obtained from 4-hydrazino-6-methoxy-2-methyl-5-quinolinamine (21). The synthetic method consists in creating the pyrrole or indole nucleus by applying Fischer's indole synthesis to the hydrazones (22 and 24) to give the amines (23 and 25, respectively). The catalytic dehydrogenation of 25 leads to the quinolinamine (26). The oxidation of the amines (23, 25 and 26) by Fremy's reagent (potassium nitrosodisulfonate) gives the quinones (28, 31 and 35). The nucleophilic substitution of the methoxy group by aziridine leads to 29, 33 and 36, which have moderate cytotoxic activity on L 1210 cells.


This paper is the result of our deeper literature study for the proposed work of optimized processing of all kinds of data-intensive medical images in cloud environments (private as well as public). There are a plenty of research papers separately focusing on the cloud capabilities and image-processing processes. However there are not many papers synchronizing both the cloud and image processing concepts. This survey paper therefore is for feeding the readers about the phenomenal optimizations when cloud infrastructures are being utilized for hosting


COVID-19 outbreak left many enterprises around the world at risk of insolvency, as economies weakened under the disruptions to supply and reduced consumer demand. This chapter uses firm-level data from the EBRD-EIB-WBG Enterprise Survey to assess the direct impact of the COVID-19 shock on firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, their adaptation strategies and the effectiveness of mitigating policies during the early stages of the pandemic. the first wave of the COVID-19 follow-up surveys was completed by April 2021 with data from five countries in Southern Europe included for comparison. Data from the second wave surveys covering 19 countries in the region are used for robustness checks.


Research on the macroeconomic effects of aid has expanded rapidly in recent years. In this paper, we provide a survey of this literature. We start by reviewing some theoretical models that suggest a positive impact of aid on investment and growth. We then discuss the empirical evidence, giving particular attention to the role of institutions and policies in determining aid effectiveness. As a general conclusion, we suggest adopting a more disaggregate perspective with respect both to different types of aid and to various aspects of governance.


The pathogenesis of angiopathic complications was studied in rabbits with alloxan diabetes treated with insulin. The latter was found to affect lipid peroxidation, while the levels of glycosylated proteins remained increased in the aortic wall and red blood cells. It is concluded that enhanced nonenzymatic protein glycosylation in a patient with diabetes mellitus may be one of the factors predisposing to angiopathic complications in diabetes mellitus, irrespective of insulin therapy.


The definition of concrete mixed materials is given out and the several technical indexes are introduced. From three aspects: morphological effect, active effect and microaggregate effect the action mechanism and application significance are described. And through the introduction of patent technology of middle and low intensity concrete mixed materials 01124034.2 the necessity and certainty of concrete mixed material's application are elaborated. The application adapts the development of concrete technology.


Drought is one of the most important factors limiting growth of plants around the world and the most common environmental stress. It is well known that the effect of water stress on growth and yield depends on genotype of the plant. Therefore, the importance of drought stress in tobacco plants is important. The aim of this study was to classify of tobacco genotypes under drought stress by factor analysis and cluster analysis. In this study, 18 genotypes of tobacco were examined using a split plot design based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Levels of water stress treatments were defined as main plot (perfect, 50 and 75 % of available water) and genotypes were considered as sub-plot. The results of factor analysis in control (full or perfect irrigation) determined five factors explained 92.3 of total variation, correspondingly in 50 and 75% of available water, 97.95 and 98.50% of total variations explained by two factors. At the control level, RosecaNela, P.B.D.6 and Comstake Spanish genotypes were introduced as the highest genotypes, and genotypes of drought tolerant genotypes were introduced in the genotypes of VirAurea, Virgina Free and Trumpf genotypes. RXT and NC-60 genotypes, which had low yield, were sensitive to water stress. The cluster analysis using UPGMA method classified the genotypes under control in four groups and under stress conditions in three separate groups. Therefore, there is variation between genotypes under control and stress conditions.

Keywords: Cluster Analysis, , Factor Analysis, Tobacco, Water Stress


ABSTRACT Shearography is an approved and powerfiu! tool for the nondestructive inspection of industrial components with respect tomaterial faults and technical imperfections. An application field of high interest is the in-service inspection of aircraftcomponents. However, the non-cooperative character of the surface of various aircraft components to be inspected has tobe taken into account carefully. This paper describes a complete test facility consisting of a shearographic sensor, adaptedloading equipment for thermal and mechanical stressing and a new evaluation software ensuring a high sensitivity forfault detection. Furtheron a survey ofthe performance ofthe system is given on example of different aircraft componentsthat shows the advantages of shearography in comparison with other inspection techniques, such as ultrasonics andthermography. Keywords: shearography, system lay-out, non-destructive testing, non-cooperative surfaces, loading devices, fault recognition 1. INfRODUCTION


The loss of a limb tremendously impacts the life of the affected individual. In the past decades, researchers have been developing artificial limbs that may return some of the missing functions and cosmetics. However, the development of dexterous mechanisms capable of mimicking the function of the human hand is a complex venture. Even though myoelectric prostheses have advanced, several issues remain to be solved before an artificial limb may be comparable to its human counterpart. Moreover, the high cost of advanced limbs prevents their widespread use among the low-income population. This dissertation presents a strategy for the low-level of control of a cost effective robotic hand for prosthetic applications. The main purpose of this work is to reduce the high cost associated with limb replacement. The presented strategy uses an electromyographic signal classifier, which detects user intent by classifying 4 different wrist movements. This information is supplied as 4 different pre-shapes of the robotic hand to the low-level of control for safely and effectively performing the grasping tasks. Two proof-ofconcept prototypes were implemented, consisting on five-finger underactuated hands driven by inexpensive DC motors and equipped with low-cost sensors. To overcome the limitations and nonlinearities of inexpensive components, a multi-stage control methodology was designed for modulating the grasping force based on slippage detection and nonlinear force control.


World War I was the first modern war fought on a gigantic scale. Technological innovations in the military sector, the development of armaments and the total dimension of the clashes between nations made this warfare very different than in any previous century. During World War I, the western sector of the Italian and Austro-Hungarian front crossed two of the mountain groups of the Italian Alps. The highest and most spectacular battles of WWI were fought on the Marmolada, Adamello-Presanella and Ortles-Cevedale mountain groups (White War).
During the White War, large quantities of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Sb, As, Fe) were used for explosives and munitions manufacturing and were scattered on Alpine battle sites. These are elements of notable environmental concern due to their toxicity, different origins, non-biodegradable properties (persistence in the soil), their tendency to bioaccumulate and their bioavailability (Adriano, 2001).
Most of the war material used and abandoned during and after WWI was recovered and put on display in museums or has been taken away by war souvenir collectors. These materials were also enclosed and preserved in the alpine glacial bodies and emerge today due to the recent reduction in thickness of the glacial bodies.
The war activity, the long-term persistence of war material or the corrosion of metal fragments can directly or indirectly cause heavy metal pollution on the Alpine glacial systems.
The aim of the research project is to investigate, on the basis of historical-geographic reconstructions and chemical analyzes, the potential environmental impact of heavy metals related to the First World War, fought on some localized sites in the glacial Alpine environment of the mountain range Marmolada, Adamello-Presanella and Ortles - Cevedale. The objectives of this study were developed through various investigation methods. The cartographic representation generated in a GIS environment of the glacial areas of the Alpine front gave an overview of the historical and geographical global military presence in the investigated areas and led to the production of three thematic maps that made it possible to locate and contextualize the military installations of the First World War on the three mountain groups affected by the conflict. This part of the work made it possible to define the areas of influence of this presence, providing information on the most exploited sites during the WWI. Furthermore, we developed a system for managing information in a GIS environment which, when properly implemented and optimized, could contribute to a more efficient storage of cartographic documents and photographs relating to the First World War, using geographic information systems.
The assessment of heavy metal enrichment (Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn and Sb) due to war activities in the investigated sites was made by combining the potential of two analytical techniques, such as multi-element chemical characterization and Pb isotopes analysis, carried out on various environmental matrices


The technology with the caterpillar type baffle dosage bunker to control the nutrient content of BB fertilizer(taking an example to illustrate) and its indexes at Heihua Group Corp.are introduced.The dosage bunker controlling the nutrient of bulk blend(BB) fertilizer is accurate,adjusting the batch formula is also agilely.


Abstract The allocation of energy by females into different components of reproduction is critical and includes trade-offs between egg size and number. In anadromous salmonids, it is unclear whether the allocation patterns are determined by the growing conditions experienced when the fish are in freshwater or at sea or by the female's reproductive history. We collected data on length, egg size, and fecundity from female steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that had spent 1 year in freshwater and then 2 (designated 1.2) or 3 years at sea (1.3) before spawning for the first time. We also collected the same data from females spawning for the second time but of the same age as those spawning after 3 years for the first time (1.1S1). The older females were longer than the younger ones, but there was considerable overlap in length. The repeat-spawning fish were shorter than fish of the same age that were spawning for the first time, which reflected the reduction in growth associated with the previous spawning migratio...


Gender, class, and sexuality are intersecting categories of inequality and also social forces that shape meanings given to organizations, social institutions, identities, and images. The authors use Acker's (2000) concept "regimes of inequality" to explore how gender, specifically masculinities, intersects with social class and sexuality in women's soccer. The extent to which social relations are also situational and culturally specific can be revealed in part with the use of comparative studies. The story of women's soccer in the Netherlands is one of struggle for resources, acceptance, visibility, and legitimization with little result, while in the United States that same struggle has resulted in visibility and the establishment of a professional women's soccer league. In this article the authors explore several regimes of inequality that shape women's soccer using cross-cultural comparisons.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of orally supplemented amino acids L-Tryptophan (Trp) and L-Valine (Val) in rats repeatedly injected with haloperidol following one week of drug withdrawal, with particular reference to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) metabolism in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

STUDY DESIGN
Experimental study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from December 2007 to February 2008.

METHODOLOGY
The study was conducted on thirty six locally bred male Albino Wistar rats. Freshly prepared amino acids (Val and Trp) were added in the drinking water of rats on alternate days and haloperidol at doses of 5.0 mg/kg or saline were injected twice daily for three weeks following one week of withdrawal. Locomotor/ exploratory activities were scored in activity boxes and open field apparatuses. Catalepsy was monitored on an inclined surface. The animals tested for locomotor activity and catalepsy for two weeks follow-up post-injections plus one week of drug withdrawal were decapitated to collect mPFC regions of rat brain for neurochemical analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC).

RESULTS
There was significant increase (p<0.01) in locomotor activity in rats orally supplemented with Val and Trp following one week of drug withdrawal from repeated administration. Marked reduction in cataleptogenic effects of the drug was also observed. Significant (p<0.01) increases in the brain Trp and mPFC 5-HT metabolism in Val and Trp supplemented animals were also noticed.

CONCLUSION
These findings help to demonstrate the effect of dietary amino acids, in particular, Trp to potentiate mPFC serotonergic modulation of neuroleptic activity.


A multi-point touch-control method signal triggering method and a system thereof based on a linear array laser belong to the field of man-machine interaction multi-point touch-control technology and are characterized in that a layer of laser optical screen parallel with and closely attached to the surface of the screen is generated above a display screen so that high-brightness points generated at the contact point when multi-fingers and touch pens contact with the screen are converted into a multi-point touch-control input message which can be understood by a computer; and the multi-point touch-control system based on the triggering type consists of a computer, a projector, an infrared camera, a projection screen, and an infrared linear array laser and can recognize and respond to the touch-control actions of a plurality of contact points simultaneously.


"Gandaria" fruit is a seasonal fruit that is easy to prepare but cannot be kept fresh for a long time. Processing technology is important for creating a food product with a longer shelf life and being consumed outside of the season. Processing "gandaria" into syrup is one of the methods. The syrup has a thick and distinctive taste characteristic because it contains 55-65% sugar. This study aimed to determine what sugar concentration is best for producing good "gandaria" fruit syrup. A completely randomized experimental design with one factor, namely the concentration of sugar, i.e., 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, and 70% repeated three times, was applied in this research. The results showed that sugar concentration treatment produced syrup with total sugar 59,36-65,97%, total acidity 13.48-17.35%. vitamin C 16.47-16.97%, and total soluble solid 39.27-46.43%. Organoleptic characteristics, namely color (rather yellow to yellow), aroma (slightly gandaria aroma), taste (slightly gandaria taste to gandaria taste), thickness (somewhat like to like), overall (somewhat like to like). The best sugar concentration in producing good gandaria syrup was 70%.


Immunization coverage among infants in Nigeria continues to be low despite availability of effective vaccines and accessibility of immunization clinics in urban areas. This study was conducted to determine the vaccination default rate and vaccine schedule that is most frequently defaulted. It also documented reasons for the defaults and suggested ways of minimising them. The immunization status of 174 children aged 9–11 months were determined by interviewing mothers regarding their children's immunization histories. Each child's immunization card was subsequently reviewed for confirmation. Overall default rate for the entire recommended series of vaccines was 26.7%. Measles vaccine was the most frequently defaulted. The commonest reason given by respondent mothers for defaulting immunization clinic appointments was the child's ill-health (37.5% of all cases). Immunization clinic appointment default rate is still high in Benin City, with measles vaccine being the most frequently defaulted. We therefore suggest ways of minimising vaccination clinic appointment defaults.


On 22 March 2012, the General Court rendered a judgment confirming the European Commission's power to request documents pre-dating a member state's accession to the EU. Indeed, the Court found…


Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a rare or easily underdiagnosed pulmonary complication that occurs after central nervous system damage. The prognosis of survivors is good, and they usually recover rapidly if neurological insult is controlled. We report a case of NPE that developed after a seizure attack. The patient had no respiratory symptoms at presentation, but the NPE was found incidentally by radiographic study, and the patient recovered spontaneously within 96 hours. NPE should be on the list of differential diagnoses in patients with bilateral alveolar infiltration after a neurological event. Aggressive respiratory support is indicated for severe cases; however, general supportive care is adequate for most patients, and the radiographic infiltration usually resolves rapidly and spontaneously.


Whenever a software evolves, regression testing needs to be performed which ensures evolution does not affect the existing software. Test suite minimization is one of the regression testing techniques which takes a test suite and provides a minimized test suite (representative set) which is sufficient to cover all the requirements. This significantly helps in reducing the testing cost, effort and time. In this paper, we perform an empirical study on standard minimization techniques: Greedy, Greedy Essential (GE) and Greedy Redundant Essential (GRE), to compare their minimized test suite size (output size), and their run time to calculate the minimized test suite, with varying percentage of essential test cases. We assume that the number of requirements that a test case satisfies is a random variable which follows a normal distribution. This study analyzes trends in both output size and run time of the heuristics and enables us to set guidelines for the testing team to choose appropriate heuristics for performing the test suite minimization for all possible values of ratio of overlapping (defined as the average number of test cases which satisfy a requirement).


MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides in length,which mediate the post-transcriptional gene modulation by annealing to incomplete complementary sequences in the 3′untranslated regions of target mRNAs.miR-103 as an important member of microRNA family,plays a regulatory role in multiple tumors;it also has a potential role in non-tumor diseases.


htmlabstractWhen non-ionized or lowly ionized matter is exposed to high electric fields, non-equilibrium ionization processes, streamer discharges, can develop. Streamers occur in nature and as well in many industrial applications such as the treatment of exhaust gasses, polluted water or biogas. A third order hydrodynamic model is developed for the streamer dynamics by closing the system after the 4th moment of the Boltzmann equation. The high order pressure tensor appearing in the heat flux equation is specified in terms of previous moments. Simulations of the negative streamer planar ionization fronts in nitrogen are performed both with the classical so-called "minimal model", where the local field approximation is used, and with the present higher order model. The results are compared and conclusions on future simulation approaches are drawn.


It is well established that oral language competence underpins the development of literacy (Bishop & Snowling, 2004; Catts, Fey, & Tomblin, 1997) and later educational achievements. Children whose oral language skills are compromised often struggle with learning to read and their overall academic achievement is reduced in comparison with their peers. Surprisingly, few studies have attempted to elucidate the ways in which components of the oral language system can enhance or limit the production of written text. This chapter explores the barriers that language learning difficulties in children pose for developing competence in producing written texts and proceeds to explore


The Purpose – The objective of the paper is to examine the implementation of advanced technology and promotional supports in hotel companies and to compare their performance in four- and five-star hotels. More specifically, ICT for external use are analysed, i.e. customer relationship management (CRM), communication with customers, promotional supports, and online order receptions. Design/Methodology/Approach – The empirical research took place in 38 upscale (26 four and 12 five-star) hotels located in Croatia, in the regions of Dalmatia, Istria, and Kvarner, and in the city of Zagreb. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered mainly during personal interviews with hotel and marketing managers. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. Findings – Findings reveal a relatively high implementation of technology solutions, reaching promotional supports the highest scores. Four-star hotels perform significantly better than fivestar hotels in most of the ICT items. Originality – The study provides insights into the external role of ICT for upscale hotels from the standpoint of customer relationship management (CRM), communication with customers, promotional supports, and online order receptions as tools for enhancing hotel promotion. These can be used as a valuable source of information between academics and can be additionally useful to marketing managers in hotels that intend to find as more as innovative ways for hotel promotion.


Tambaqui or cachama (Colossoma macropomum) is one of the most important neotropical freshwater fish used for aquaculture in South America, and its production is concentrated at low latitudes (close to the Equator, 0°), where the water temperature is warm. Therefore, understanding how selection shapes genetic variations and structure in farmed populations is of paramount importance in evolutionary biology. High‐throughput sequencing to generate genome‐wide data for fish species allows for elucidating the genomic basis of adaptation to local or farmed conditions and uncovering genes that control the phenotypes of interest. The present study aimed to detect genomic selection signatures and analyze the genetic variability in farmed populations of tambaqui in South America using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained with double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. Initially, 199 samples of tambaqui farmed populations from different locations (located in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru), a wild population (Amazon River, Brazil), and the base population of a breeding program (Aquaculture Center, CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil) were genotyped. Observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.231–0.350 and 0.288–0.360, respectively. Significant genetic differentiation was observed using global FST analyses of SNP loci (FST = 0.064, p < 0.050). Farmed populations from Colombia and Peru that differentiated from the Brazilian populations formed distinct groups. Several regions, particularly those harboring the genes of significance to aquaculture, were identified to be under positive selection, suggesting local adaptation to stress under different farming conditions and management practices. Studies aimed at improving the knowledge of genomics of tambaqui farmed populations are essential for aquaculture to gain deeper insights into the evolutionary history of these fish and provide resources for the establishment of breeding programs.


LET US BEGIN IN TUSCALOOSA. Harden P. Cochrane was just seventeen years old when the Civil War began in 1861. He spent the first year of the war safely at home as a student at the University of Alabama. In March 1862, however, he and several other members of the University Cadet Corps marched away to train recruits for the Confederate army. His assignment was to help drill Company E of the new Twenty-eighth Alabama Infantry. Just after the Battle of Shiloh, but only a few days before the regiment left its camp of instruction in Shelby Springs, Alabama, for Corinth, Mississippi, Cochrane witnessed a significant moment in the short life of the regiment. On the night of April 11, the new soldiers of the Twenty-eighth Alabama gathered outside a hotel window to serenade their regimental colonel. Shiloh had been fought in Tennessee days earlier, and the men were in high spirits, believing that a Confederate victory had occurred. But when they demanded a speech in return, their colonel abruptly refused, handing the duty instead to the regimental adjutant. The adjutant's oratory fell flat, and the mood soured even more when the commander of a nearby regiment rose to warn the men that, contrary to the initial reports they had heard, the Confederates actually had been "slightly whipped" at Pittsburg Landing.1 K E N N E T H W . N O E


Introduction: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a neu - ropsychiatric complication of chronic liver disease, predomi - nantly liver cirrhosis. Due to the lack of clear clinical symp - toms, early diagnosis of MHE is difficult and relies mainly on neuropsychological tests. Aim: We studied the correlations between cognitive impair - ment as measured by a Polish adaptation of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R (PL)) and selected biochemi - cal parameters such as prothrombin time (PT), ammonia con - centration and brain metabolites detected by proton magnet - ic resonance spectroscopy (H 1MRS) in patients with liver cirrhosis and controls. Material and methods: Material and methods: Localized pro - ton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in 36 pa - tients with chronic liver disease and 34 healthy volunteers matched for age, gender and level of education. In each par - ticipant laboratory and neuropsychological tests was per - formed. Results: The examined blood parameters of liver function were similar in patients with and without MHE and were signifi - cantly abnormal compared to the control group. Only in patients with MHE did PT and ammonia concentration corre - late with total WAIS-R (PL), verbal subscore of WAIS-R (PL) and non-verbal subscore of WAIS-R (PL). Cirrhotic patients showed a significant reduction of myo-inositol/creatine (Mi/Cr) and myo-inositol/choline (Mi/Cho) ratios in the three studied brain regions as compared to controls. Patients with MHE "+" had


One anesthesia provider is often responsible for prescribing, formulating, dispensing, administering, and documenting medications in the operating room. Unlike other hospital units, there are few safety interventions. Systems engineering approaches can provide important insights into improving patient safety during medication delivery processes (Kaplan et al., 2013; Reid et al., 2005). This study observed anesthesia medication delivery during 20 anesthetic cases in the OR and interviewed 10 anesthesia providers in a large midatlantic academic hospital using a Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to identify process risk in perioperative medication delivery (Holden et al., 2013). Anesthesia attendings, fellows, residents, and certified resident nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) were sampled based on who was in the OR during observations and who volunteered for interviews. Interviews were transcribed and coded through a consensus procedure. The medication delivery process was described using a SEIPS-based process map. Tasks were separated based on the anesthesia phase, though the tasks and phases are not linear; e.g: a provider may prepare for the next case during the maintenance phase.


This study was carried out in Hazro-Dadas (Diyarbakir) region which owns the only coal basin in the area. Chemical, petrographic analysis and organic geochemical evaluations of the Permian aged coals were taken into consideration. Coal quality investigation along with proximate (moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash) and elemental analyses (C, H, O, S, N) were performed and revealed. The huminite reflectances of organically abundant matter and coal levels were found to be between 0.458 and 1.141 % . This parameter complies with fluorescence colors, calorific value (average orijinal 3165 – 3432 Kcal/kg) and average T max coalification ranks. This is thought to be resulted from thin overburden and its possible low lithostatic pressure. Rock Eval analysis results show that Type II/III and III kerogen, with average Thydrocarbon generation. The coals are characterized with their abundance of huminite maceral group and gelinite maceral, with small amount of liptinite and inertinite macerals. Mineral matters of the Hazro-Dadas coals are clay, quartz and calcite minerals. HazroDadas coals is thought to have deposited in limnic environment swamps


Smart community construction in the smart power consumption link of the smart grid can bring real time interaction between the grid and end-users,improve demand response performance,enhance user energy efficiency management,and realize the load peak shaving.A new approach was proposed to recognize the resident user type in the smart community based on the support vector machine(SVM) classification model,some interesting features were discussed,which included the power consumption rate in the peak load period,load rate,user cooperation degree and so on.Experiment data were collected from the users of the smart community.Experimental results show that SVM is effective for the power resident user type.


Limiting ourselves to the weak-coupling model and neglecting the Pauli paramagnetism and the spin-orbit coupling, we determine the upper critical field of the axial (E 1u ) and the hybrid (E 1g ) state numerically. When the external field H is parallel to the symmetric axis (the c axis), the solution proposed by Luk'yanchuk and Mineev is analyzed. When H is perpendicular to the c axis, we find the exact solution for the axial state, while we construct approximate solutions for the hybrid state


It introduces the material needs of the data acquisition system in Sinopec Wuhan branch. Based on the character of many complex technique equipments in the branch, it designs the different acquisition projects in real-time database Infoplus.21 of the Aspen. The projects includes CIM-IO, artificial input and special interface. The system turns the functions of reading and settling different data, shares the information in the whole factory to supervise the work process into reality, provides a good basis for the coming Manufacturing Execution System.


The characteristic vectors belonging to λ=0 of an infinite Teoplitz matrix are got transitively.The solutions of a homogeneous ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients are expressed by them.A special solution of a non-homogeneous ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients is got by its inverse matrix.


A descriptive survey to determine the knowledge & practice towards contraceptive methods among reproductive age women in community area was carried out by M.sc Nursing final year student in partial fulfillment of the requirement. The objectives of the study 1. To assess the knowledge regarding contraceptive method among the reproductive age women. 2. To assess the practices regarding contraceptive method among the reproductive age women. 3. To associate the knowledge with the practices among the reproductive age women. 4. To correlate the practices with the selected demographic variables. 5. To correlate the knowledge with the selected demographic variables. The study was conducted in selected community area, Aghwanpur District, Moradabad UP for determine the knowledge and practice toward contraceptive method among reproductive age women. A descriptive sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Total sample consists of 50 subjects. The instrument used to generally the necessary data was a structured questionnaire with interview method. The data obtained was analyze in terms of both descriptive and inferential statics in terms of frequency and percentage. The significance of the study The demographic data revealed that majority of reproductive women in 52%were in the age group 20-24 yr. majority of reproductive women i e 80% got married at the age of 20 -24yr. 46%were educated up to secondary level, 30% were educated up to graduate level, As regard to the occupation majority of women that is 82% were housewife, 78% were have a monthly income>4000Rs/month. Regarding the use of contraceptive 82%were using temporary method, 56%were using contraceptive for less than one yr. The primary source of information for majority of reproductive age women i.e. 42% were newspaper. The average score percentage of subject in the questionnaire shown that; I. The knowledge level about condom in the couple the maximum i.e. 90.5% compared to the other method. Next to condom is copper T i.e. 54.5% then comes pill i.e. 30%. II. The study shown that 84% of the subject had knowledge about the non contraceptive use of condom i.e. prevention of HIV/STD. III. The study regarding practice shown that 64% of the couples were practices conventional method and out of these subject 95% had correct practice. IV. The study shown that out of the subject practising Cu-T 95.31% had correct practice. V. The study shows that as educational status of the couples increase the knowledge and practise regarding the contraceptive method. VI. As the subject get more exposed the mass media the knowledge regarding contraceptive increases. VII. A positive relationship has been found between practice and mass media exposure. VIII. The study shown that there is positive relationship between knowledge and practice of condom. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 06-02-2020 Date of Acceptance: 20-02-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


INTRODUCTION:
Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are the recent local anesthetic drugs that have significantly lower cardiotoxicity compared to bupivacaine. We aimed to compare the anaesthetic efficacy of these drugs via intrathecal route.
METHODS:
60 patients planned for lower abdominal and lower limb orthopaedic surgeries were included in this randomized controlled study. They were divided into two groups to receive either 22.5mg of 0.75%ropivacaine or 15mg of 0.5%levobupivacaine intrathecally. Time of onset of sensory and motor block as well as of maximum sensory and motor blocks, duration of the blocks, hemodynamic parameters and adverse effects were assessed. Results were analysed statistically.
RESULTS:
The sensory block at level of T10 occurred earlier with levobupivacaine compared to ropivacaine.(p=0.009). Also, the maximum sensory block was attained much faster in levobupivacaine group compared to ropivacaine group.(p=0.036).The mean time of onset of sensory block at T10 and maximal sensory block were 6.8±4.715 and 10.43±4.854 minutes in ropivacaine group and 4.1±2.636 and 7.9±4.245 minutes in levobupivacaine group respectively. Hemodynamic parameters, adverse effects, duration of sensory and motor blocks and onset of motor block were comparable in the two groups.
CONCLUSION:
The present study concludes that both intrathecal isobaric 0.75% ropivacaine and 0.5% levobupivacaine possess similar block characteristics except difference in their onset time for sensory block which was significantly shorter with levobupivacaine compared to ropivacaine. Further, both the drugs produce similar hemodynamic effects with very less adverse effects.


ABSTRACT Robotic CT systems allow complex scanning trajectories. This work presents a workflow to automatically calculate optimised scanning trajectories for robotic CT systems. In particular, as a local quality estimation, this work introduces a quantitative measure to quantify local reconstruction quality based on the Tuy conditions. The proposed method is tested in two summation experiments using an STL model of a motorcycle. In both experiments, a trajectory is calculated using a quantitative Tuy-based local quality estimation and the reconstruction result is then compared to reconstructions using conventional scanning trajectories. The comparison results indicate that the proposed approach automatically finds trajectories that enable 3D reconstructions with high image quality using much less projection data, which allows a significant reduction of scanning time.


Pay‐television has become a popular added‐value service in mobile systems. Recently, Yeh and Tsaur proposed an authentication scheme for mobile pay‐television based on Sun and Leu's scheme. However, we found that Yeh and Tsaur's scheme has some security flaws, ie, impersonation attack with knowing mobile set's identity card, the adversary impersonates the head‐end system attack, the replay attack, the denial‐of‐service attack, and collusion attack. To overcome these problems, in this paper, we propose an improved scheme by storing a head‐end system signature and using a password. In addition, our proposed scheme keeps all the merits of Yeh and Tsaur's scheme. Furthermore, the performance analysis shows that the computation cost and the communication cost of our scheme are decreased dramatically compared to Yeh and Tsaur's scheme.


The attribute set/attitude model relationship recently proposed by Myers and Shocker was examined using correlational and (LISREL) causal analysis. Compared against more traditional single-attitude model approaches (Ahtola, Adequacy-Importance, and Fishbein), Myers and Shocker's mixed model appears promising. It matched the attitude model which best predicted behavioral intentions for two out of three product attribute sets, and along with the Fishbein model, produced a satisfactory fit with the hypothesized causal structure. However, when the alternative attitude models were compared using a multiple indicator approach, results suggest these models do not appear to be directly measuring the same underlying attribute sets.


Depletion-mode Gallium Nitride Field-Effect Transistors (d-mode GaN FETs) need to be cascoded with a low-voltage enhancement-mode (e-mode) Si FET in order to satisfy the safety requirements of the power electronics industry. We find that the standard GaN cascoded structure is susceptible to electrical overstress and additional energy loss mechanisms. This paper provides an understanding of these mechanisms and their effects on both electrical overstress and energy loss. It also provides a method to measure the loss, and presents a benchmarking figure-of-merit. The insights will also be relevant for other wide-bandgap depletion-mode cascoded solutions e.g. SiC JFET, and are important for the successful design of cascoded solutions.


Multi-instrument automatic music transcription (AMT) is a critical but less investigated problem in the field of music information retrieval (MIR). With all the difficulties faced by traditional AMT research, multi-instrument AMT needs further investigation on high-level music semantic modeling, efficient training methods for multiple attributes, and a clear problem scenario for system performance evaluation. In this article, we propose a multi-instrument AMT method, with signal processing techniques specifying pitch saliency, novel deep learning techniques, and concepts partly inspired by multi-object recognition, instance segmentation, and image-to-image translation in computer vision. The proposed method is flexible for all the sub-tasks in multi-instrument AMT, including multi-instrument note tracking, a task that has rarely been investigated before. State-of-the-art performance is also reported in the sub-task of multi-pitch streaming.


A practical and easy way to capture images of oil-paintings and estimate their spectral reflectance as a function of position was tested. For the image acquisition, a trichromatic digital camera was used in conjunction with an absorption filter producing six channels. From an a priori statistical analysis of common artist oil paints, spectral reflectance was estimated. These experiments showed that it is possible to estimate the spectral reflectance with an accuracy of average ΔE*94 of 1.7 and spectral reflectance rms error of 2.2%. Of particular interest is guidance towards the design of a universal calibration target for imaging paintings.


By using the way of laddered teaching, dividing different stratifications according to students' knowledge basis and ability levels, we can enhance their confidence in study, making students full of achievement sense and improving students' study efficiency.


African American culture has a rich tradition of folktales. Written for students and general readers, this volume gathers a sampling of the most important African American folktales. Included are nearly 50 tales grouped in thematic chapters on origins; heroes, heroines, villains, and fools; society and conflict; and the supernatural. Each tale begins with an introductory headnote, and the book closes with a selected, general bibliography. Students learning about literature and language will gain a greater understanding of African American oral traditions, while social studies students will learn more about African American culture.
 African American culture has long been recognized for its richness and breadth. Central to that tradition is a large body of folklore, which continues to figure prominently in literature, film, and popular culture. Written for students and general readers, this book conveniently gathers and comments on nearly 50 African American folktales. Included are fictional tales, legends, myths, and personal experience narratives. These exemplify the vast diversity of African American culture and language.
 The tales are grouped in thematic sections on origins; heroes, heroines, villains, and fools; society and conflict; and the supernatural. Each tale is introduced by a brief headnote, and the volume closes with a selected, general bibliography. Students learning about literature and language will gain a greater understanding of African American oral traditions, while students of history will learn more about African American culture.


Kinetic carbon-13, deuterium, and oxygen-18 isotope effects are calculated from force constants for the SN2 reaction of CH3I with OH-. The secular equations for the vibrational frequencies of reactants and transition states are solved on an IBM 7094 computer. Values for 7 force constants of the planar CH3 moiety in the transition state (with an sp2 atom) are obtained by comparison with suitable stable molecules. The stretching force constants ƒCO = ƒ11, ƒCI = ƒ22, and ƒ12 in the transition state are chosen as linear functions of x, the degree of bond making and bond breaking, with the aid of eqs. (1) and (2). The carbon isotope effect as a function of x exhibits a flat maximum near x=0.6. If the bending force constants ƒHCO and ƒHCI are kept constant, k12/k13 is significantly lower than its maximum value only for values of x ≦ 0.3 and x ≧ 0.8. There is only a small influence of x on the deuterium isotope effect, kH/kD (compare rates of CH3I and CD3I). However, kH/kD) is strongly dependent on ƒHCO and ƒHCI . The oxygen-18 isotope effect decreases with increasing x. Experimental data of the D isotope effect — if they were available — could be used to adjust the bending force constants ƒHCO and ƒHCI (— or to adjust ƒHCO if ƒHCI is held constant). The degree of unsymmetry of the transition state could then be estimated with the aid of the C isotope effect. Experimental data of the O isotope effect would supply information on the direction of the unsymmetry — which is needed for a distinction between 2 possible values of x —. There is approximate agreement between the calculated and the experimental temperature dependence of the carbon-13 isotope effect.


This paper presents an analysis of the effects of user hand on evaluating the maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) of a multiple-antenna transmitters in advanced wireless communications. Models of SAR evaluation configurations, including single- and multiple-antenna scenarios, and flat hand phantom are illustrated. The changes of the maximum SAR of the examined scenarios regarding to the distance between the antennas and the hand phantom are explored. As a result, the hand might have great affects on the evaluation of the maximum SAR of multiple-antenna transmitters, yielding higher SAR values compared to those where hand is not considered.


Charging station (1) for carrier bags (29) carried in an installation suspension and transport (2), - a supply track (3) superior to transport bags (29), - with a vertical conveyor ( 9) located below the supply track (3) for supplying lasbolsas transport (29) to a loading position (41) below, - with a device for opening the carrier bags (29) in the loading position (41 ), - with a rail evacuation (4) below, located below the vertical conveyor (9) to evacuate them carrying bags (29) from the loading position (41).


The polymer exhibits a nematic mesophase between 129 and 166°C. DSC and thermal optical microscopy experiments suggest a single smectic phase below 129°C. However, X-ray scattering experiments have demonstrated that three different smectic phases appear below the nematic phase: a high-temperature interdigitated monolayer S A phase, a lower temperature unindentified smectic phase and a metastable smectic C phase. The influence of sample history on the interconversion of these phases is presented. Two possible molecular models for the smectic A phase are discussed


This work presents the starting of a trapped flux superconducting motor considering two drive methods: direct starting (using an ac power source) and soft starting (using a frequency inverter). These two methods present different characteristics that are expected to affect the behavior of the superconducting motor. For the direct starting, there is inrush current but no harmonics. On the contrary, for soft starting, there are harmonics but no inrush current. To understand the impacts of the starting current or the harmonics on the performance of superconducting motors, different tests were carried out on a superconducting motor prototype under the aforementioned drive methods. This prototype, using commercial rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes, was first connected to a frequency inverter (harmonics tests), and then to an ac power source (starting current tests) and tested at 77 K in liquid nitrogen. The torque under load variations, mechanical power, losses, and harmonics content of the machine were assessed. Key results showed that the motor losses increase due to a high content of harmonics during the soft starting. Consequently, the torque and the mechanical power decreased significantly compared with the direct starting. Nevertheless, the latter may present some risks for the physical integrity of the rotor as a large transient current can flow in the winding accompanied by higher mechanical stresses. For industrial motors of more outstanding power ratings with a wide range of applications requiring one or the other starting methods, it is necessary to further mature the design with machines of increasing rated power if such devices ought to be used reliably in the industry (in the kW range and above).


Abstract To expand the applications of MXene-Ti3C2 in the field of oil lubrication, rounded groove surfaces filled with Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2 on CSS-42L bearing steel (RGSs-SACT-600) were prepared. Block-on-ring friction and vibration tests under oil lubrication were carried out. The results showed that the synergistic effects of Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2 and grooves improved the variation characteristics of friction forces and reduced friction and vibration on the surfaces. Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2 with excellent adsorption to lubricating oil suppressed the oil film rupture and improved the heat dissipation at the friction interface. The tribochemical reactions were induced by Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu-Ti3C2, improving the tribological properties on the worn surfaces. Under low speed and high load, RGSs-SACT-600 with uniform profiles had excellent bearing capacity and antifriction performance.


This paper explores the impact of single-parent families on adolescent females and their aspirations for the future. The study, taking data from the national longitudinal High School and Beyond (HSB) study, uses a stratified weighted national sample of 4,573 black and white high school senior females in the class of 1980. The sample includes girls who were livirg with their mothers or other female guardians at the time they participated in the MB study. Analysis using multiple regression reveals that, when other variables such as race, family income, mother's education, mother's employment status, ahd mother's occupation are controlled, girls living with their mothers are more likely to plan for higher education and delay or forgo marriage than are girls who lived with both a mother and a father-figure. The study also indicates that when other factors are controlled, black females plan to marry at later ages than do white females. Also, those from high income families and those with more educated mothers plan to marry at later ages than do other girls. The possible reasons for these patterns may be freedom from traditional gender roles or a high value on self-reliance. This research indicates that duccessful prediction of females' plans for education and marriage are not consistent with a "culture of poverty" thesis. Statistical data are presented in two tables. A list of 21 references is appended. (JB) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** GROWING UP IN A SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY: SOME NOT-SO-NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON ADOLESCENT FEMALES' PLANS FOR THE FUTURE MEG WILKES KARRAKER, PH.D. Assistant Professor of Sociology University of St. Thomas St. Paul, Minnesota 55105 (612) 647-4961 U S. DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION OR. of duraf Ina! Research and IMplarernPfli EDUCATIONAL RE SOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (FRICI Ths document has been repladured as mewed from the perSon or urgah,zalon cucconalmg Piihno4 changes Mare bash made fo Improve reptodurbon Quail ty Pc),nts v** Of OpnlonS stated ttusdocu menf do no} orremiaroy repreient OE RI poVhon of poltcy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS SEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Paper presented at "The Troubled Adolescent: The Nation's Concern and Its Response," Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April 9-11, 1991


This research has achieved a new type of systems design for experimental analysis of different levels of both behavioral organization and physiological interaction related to environmental adaptation. A digital computer system with suitable animal-machine, input-output interface instrumentation has been arranged to provide systematic experimental programming of output feedback data, recording of behavioral and physiological performance related to time, space, and kinetic displacement of feedback, and computation of critical systems parameters. The present study constitutes a preliminary evaluation of the system's design and application to analysis of delayed sensory feedback in speech. The general method extends and refines the analysis of behavioral and physiological organization by means of study of delayed and space-displaced sensory effects of response. Delayed speech feedback was chosen for study because it represents a limiting sector for computer sampling of analog psychophysiological variation. The question has been whether speech of acceptable fidelity could be sampled, stored, and transmitted as conventionalized speech signals. Results show that acceptable computer-sampled and delayed speech feedback can be obtained. Blocking of syllables and slowing of speech with delay intervals of .1 to .2 sec. have been observed in seven Ss. In addition, it has been found that the computer can be used for numerous other special time displacements of speech feedback. Selected time samples of speaking can be inverted. "Computer stuttering" simulating syllable repetition in real stuttering can be produced. The evidence is that the system's concepts and method are valid and that it has unlimited capability for a new type of systems study of all levels and properties of biological and behavioral organization.