Dehydrins(DHN) is a hydrophilic protein widely distributed in plants. DHNs belong to class II in LEA protein family and have important roles in response to abiotic stresses, such as cold, drought and salt, etc. In this study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to identify the members of the DHN family in maize. Subsequently, we carried out a systematic analysis of these genes, including phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, chromosome location, gene duplication and expression patterns. The results showed that a total of 5 DHN members were identified in maize, and the phylogenetic relationship, gene structure and motif analysis indicated that genes in the DHN family are highly conserved. Gene duplication and interspecies microsynteny analysis demonstrated that one segmental duplication pair(ZmDHN1-ZmDHN2) existed in maize DHN family, while two orthologous gene pairs(ZmDHN2-Sb04g032250.1and ZmDHN2-Os02g44870.1) were detected among maize, rice and sorghum. Analysis of transcriptional data indicated that the DHN genes had different expression patterns at different developmental stages. In addition, the expression of five ZmDHN genes was significantly induced under salt and drought stresses. This study provides a basis for the selection of important DHN genes for further functional analysis in maize.


The turn of the millennium saw a marked increase in apocalypse-themed mass media, especially in television and film, of which the United States is the largest producer. The role of the apocalypse has been to produce hegemony for the ruling establishment that purported itself as being able to prevent or somehow save potential victims. Historically the church possessed this authority, but in contemporary society that role has been passed to governments and to scientific and technological institutions. In contemporary America, apocalypse is part of a spectrum of religious beliefs ingrained into the American Way of life. Commercial America has resurrected the apocalypse myth as spectacle commodity. Apocalyptic media today reflect current values of the American hegemon in globalization, and are portrayed as particularly real in order to be effective. The increased interest in disaster myths specifically reflects Beck's (1992) concept of a world risk society. Deconstructing the films Independence Day and The Day After Tomorrow reveals hegemonic devices that uphold the American way in the advent of globalization through the use of heteronormative values, scientific savior-adversary binaries, and symbolic rebirth through the recreation of frontier space.


Fencing remnant native vegetation has become a widespread activity throughout New Zealand to increase native biodiversity. However, there have not been many studies to show if this is an effective approach when feral goats (Capra hircus) are present. The present study investigated the short-term effects on dominant trees and shrubs of fencing on a private property in Waingaro, New Zealand. Two permanent plots were analyzed, one in a fenced covenanted area with feral goats present and one in an unfenced area with cows, sheep, and feral goats present. Both plots were dominated by a canopy of kanuka (Kunzea ericoides), a midstory of silver tree fern (Cyathea dealbata) and an understory of divaricating coprosma's (Coprosma rhamnoides and Coprosma spathulata).


IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are widely used in recent years. The basic 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) method for controlling the medium access is the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) which is an access scheme based on the contention principle using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). Most of the analytical studies investigating the performance of DCF and the saturation throughput at MAC layer assume ideal channel conditions where the retransmission of a packet only results from a collision. In this paper, we present an analytical model to estimate the saturation throughput at the MAC layer for a fixed number of stations taking into account the imperfections of the radio channels. The latter is investigated for different modulation techniques.


In this paper, we present and discuss experimental results from a microwave sintering of a mullite ceramic, produced from a mixture of alumina and silica xerogel extracted from a sago waste ash. The composition has been prepared by adding 60 %wt amount of alumina into the silica xerogel. As a radiation source for the microwave heating, a 28 GHz wave gyrotron has been used. The influence of the sintering temperature on the structural properties was studied in detail. It has been found that the mixture crystallizes completely as a single mullite phase at a temperature of 1600°C after heating for 10 min at a temperature rate of 45oC/min. Most importantly, such result cannot be achieved by conventional heating. The results that have been obtained in this study allow one to conclude that the microwave sintering of using a 28 GHz gyrotron is an appropriate technological process for the production of mullite ceramics and is characterized by several advantages such as shorter times of the thermal cycle, lower sintering temperatures and higher quality of the final product.


Style transfer is a popular research topic in the field of computer vision. In 3D stylization, a mesh model is deformed to achieve a specific geometric style. We explore a general neural style transfer framework for 3D meshes that can transfer multiple geometric styles from other meshes to the current mesh. Our stylization network is based on a pre-trained MeshNet model, from which content representation and Gram-based style representation are extracted. By constraining the similarity in content and style representation between the generated mesh and two different meshes, our network can generate a deformed mesh with a specific style while maintaining the content of the original mesh. Experiments verify the robustness of the proposed network and show the effectiveness of stylizing multiple models with one dedicated style mesh. We also conduct ablation experiment to analyze the effectiveness of our proposed work.


This article presents simulation and experimental results of an alternative scheme for reducing the consumption of compressed air in pneumatic positioning systems with external loads. The circuit adds a fast-switching on/off valve interconnecting the cylinder chambers on a typical system configuration comprising a symmetrical cylinder and a 5/3 directional proportional valve. The proportional valve is operated using a proportional–integral controller with dead zone compensation, and the auxiliary fast-switching on/off valve is controlled using a pulse-width modulation technique associated with another proportional–integral controller. An algorithm based on the pressure difference and the control signal for decision-making regarding compressed air saving is proposed. The results presented in this article show that the proposed scheme reduced the compressed air consumption by 47%–54%. The simulation results show that the presented approach can also be applied to circuits using asymmetrical cylinders with or without external loads.


Abstract The article explores one woman's journey into feminism – from playing with the boys, to becoming one of the token girls, to joining a choir and being inspired by the choir members to walk in the Women's March on Washington – Toronto in January 2017.


Beas, F., Zurbrugg, R. P., Cara, J. and Gardner, L. I. (1962). Urinary Cig steroids in normal children and adults. J. clin. Endocr., 22, 1090. Bergstrand, C. G., Birke, G., Plantin, L. 0. and Zetterstrom, R. (1954). Adrenogenital syndrome in children: a clinical and steroid metabolic study. Acta endocr. (Kbh.), 15, 210. Birchall, K., Cathro, D. M., Forsyth, C. C. and Mitchell, F. L. (1961). Separation and estimation of adrenal steroids in the urine of newborn infants. Lancet, 1, 26. de Courcy, C. (1954). Studies on the fractionation of urinary 17-ketosteroids in children. J. Endocr., 11, iii. Devis, R. (1951). M6thodes chimiques et applications cliniques du fractionnement chromatographique des st6roldes urinaires. Ann. Endocr. (Paris), 12, 451. Dorfman, R. I. (1954). Neutral steroid hormone metabolites. Recent Progr. Hormone Res., 9, 5. (1959). Metabolism of androgens. In Proc. Fourth Int. Congr. Biochem., Vienna, 1958. Vol. 4. Symposium IV: Biochemistry of Steroids, p. 175. Eagle, J. F. (1952). Dehydroepiandrosterone and similar substances in urine of premature infants. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.), 81, 571. Faredin, I. and Blah6, G. (1958). Untersuchungen der neutralen 17-Ketosteroids. Z. ges. inn. Med, 13, 339. Feh6r, T., Koref, 0. and Holl6, I. (1962). Paper chromatography of the neutral 17-ketosteroids in normal human urine. Acta med. Acad. Sci. hung., 18, 235. Gallagher, T. F. (1957). On alterations in adrenal function, especially with adrenocortical carcinoma. Cancer Res, 17, 520. Huis in't Veld, L. G. (1957). La Fonction Endocrine du Testiculaire, p. 41. Masson, Paris. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1958). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1957, pp. 73-82. Butterworth, London. James, V. H. T. (1961). The excretion of individual 17-ketosteroids by normal females. J. Endocr., 22, 195. Johnsen, S. G. (1956). Fractionation of urinary 17-ketosteroids. Acta endocr. (Kbh), 21, 127, 146, 157. Koref, O., Feh6r, T., Juvancz, J., Foldes, F. and Fischer, J. (1964). Determination of urinary 17-OH-corticoids using the modified Reddy-method. In the press. Masuda, M. and Holmes, T. H. (1957). Studies on ketosteroids in urine of normal children using alumina chromatographic fractionation. Pediatrics, 19, 424. Paulsen, E. P. and Sobel, E. H. (1960). In Advance Abstracts of Short Communications, First International Congress of Endocrinology, Copenhagen, 1960. Periodica, Copenhagen. [Acta endocr. (Kbh.), 35, Suppl. 51, p. 337.] Prout, M. and Snaith, A. H. (1958). Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids in children. Arch. Dis. Childh., 33, 301. Reddy, W. I. (1954). Modification of the Reddy-Jenkins-Thorn method for the estimation of 17-hydroxycorticoids in urine. Metabolism, 3, 489. Ulstrom, R. A. and Doeden, D. (1956). Chromatographic studies of urinary steroids in term and premature infants. In Adrenal Function in Infants and Children, ed. L. I. Gardner, p. 31. Grune and Stratton, New York. Wilkins, L. (1962). Adrenal disorders. I: Cushing's syndrome and its puzzles. II: Congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. Arch. Dis. Childh., 37, 231. Zimmermann, W. (1955). Chemische Bestimmungsmethoden von Steroidhormonen in Korperflfissigkeiften, p. 63. Springer Berlin, Gottingen, Heidelberg.


DOI: 10.21276/sjpm.2018.3.4.2 Abstract: Surgical resection of gall bladder is a common surgery and the most common indication for it, is inflammation. Incidental diagnosis of malignancy in such specimens changes the entire perspective of future management for the patient as gall bladder carcinoma is a malignancy with poor prognosis and high fatality. The aim of the study is to study the clinicopathological to study the clinic pathological correlation of the cholecystectomy specimens received in our pathology laboratory. This was a retrospective study over a period of 2 years from June 2015 to May 2017. The case reports were reviewed and data collected. The age and sex incidence, the presenting complaint with duration, the investigations done, the clinical diagnosis and histological diagnosis were analysed. A total of 200 cases of gall bladder were received in the lab during the study period. About 65% were women and the age group commonly involved was 40 to 60yrs. The most common presenting symptom was right upper quadrant pain. The clinical diagnosis correlated with the histopathological diagnosis in 99% of patients while it was different in two cases (1%). Both the cases were adenocarcinoma of gall bladder diagnosed incidentally during histopathological examination. Though the two patients had had CT done preoperatively, gall bladder malignancy was diagnosed histopathologically only. This stresses the importance of meticulous examination of gall bladder specimens and the importance of examining the surgically resected margins of the gall bladders.


For a long time, rural and urban development was considered separately. This is true for the scientific discourse, in the context of which different social and economic dynamics were attributed to either urban or to rural areas. It can also be stated for (urban) planning and policy making which has traditionally been oriented by spatial development paradigms separating the urban and the rural. Against this background the paper pursues two related objectives: The first is to discuss the manifold exchange relations and interdependencies between rural and urban areas: The most important ones manifest in multi-locational household livelihoods spanning migrants" (mostly rural) areas of origin and (mostly urban) areas of destination; economic and production linkages between rural and urban areas; and mixed land uses particularly occurring in the surroundings of large cities – desakota regions as McGee (1991) has called the peri-urban rice belt around Indonesian cities, at the beginning of the 1990s. The second objective is to examine novel forms of governance with an integrated perspective on rural and urban development oriented by people"s daily life and economic activity networks spanning the urban-rural divide. To promote economic and production linkages and manage land use (conflicts) between urban centres and their hinterlands, regional governance models relying on agreements struck between space-based stakeholders from public and private sectors and civil society are useful. And to better account for increasingly complex, mixed rural-urban livelihoods, communities of origin and destination need to adopt a multi-sited approach coordinating their economic and social services geared at migrant populations. The paper provides examples of existing instruments across Africa and Asia for integrated rural-urban governance and suggests points of departure for further developing them in the sense of an inclusive, people-centred planning and management.


Government as the direct leader and promoter in the process of urbanization, whether they behave properly or not affect directly on the quality and speed of the process of urbanization. Taking a representative city in Hebei province, Qinhuangdao as an example, this paper spreads out discussion from the situation of urbanization, the existing problem of government actions and the thought of standardizing the action. The final conclusions follow: urbanization can't do without government intervention; standardizing the act of government can promote the development of urbanization; government should clearly define their responsibilities and leave some things undone; government should be active in the aspect of responsibilities. Keywords-Urbanization; Act of government; Hebei province;


Cathodoluminescence (CL) offers the ability to measure trace ionic species with relatively short acquisition times enabling large areas to be mapped with detection limits orders of magnitude below elemental detections levels acquired using x-rays under the same conditions. We have applied this technique to the investigation of quartz grains and overgrowths from shale and sandstone samples across Australia with the aim of better constraining the formation conditions of these types of cement. Recent experimental calibration of Ti concentration in quartz [1] provides the basis for a quantitative examination of crystal growth in both hydrothermal and detrital forms. Quartz contains trace element fluctuations at the sub-micron to micron length scale, which are records of the complex interaction between crystals and their host magmas or pore fluids. By combining spectral CL mapping [2, 3], deconvolution and elemental analysis to provide a calibration curve, it is possible to covert a CL intensity map into a trace speciation map for Ti for detrital quartz. Information on the quartz overgrowths will better explain the formation conditions giving rise to them.


Load-frequency match is mandatory requirement for interconnected power system stability. Any unscheduled change in load or intermittent power injection from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) leads to system instability by changing the frequency. Therefore, energy storage devices are essential as they can provide quick response for any change in system frequency. Pumped Storage Plants (PSP) serves the dual purpose, either by storing surplus power or by generating hydro power during peak requirements. The use of Doubly-Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) with power electronics in rotor circuit is significant in both motoring and generating modes in PSP. This paper investigates the effect of symmetrical voltage sag on the performance of DFIM at motoring mode. Various motor parameters, namely peaks in total power taken from grid, torque and current (stator and rotor current), and speed loss were investigated. With the aid of both simulation and experimental results, symmetrical voltage sag effects on a 2.2kW three-phase DFIM are analyzed. In steady-state operation of DFIM, the voltage sag produces motor instability which depends on sag depth and duration.


The article discusses the need, purpose and objectives of introducing an adaptive management system in enterprises. Adaptive management is a combination of concepts and methodologies formed in various scientific and practical fields. The goal of the adaptive management system is to search for the most effective options for making and executing a balanced management decision aimed at creating a mechanism for adapting the development of enterprises in a competitive environment.


The geophysical investigations of the first two years of the Seven Year Plan have been characterized by a further increase in the volume of the work and by improvements in methods. The principal method of preparation of structures is seismic surveying, combined in many regions with structural drilling. Table 1 shows comparative data on the distribution by region of structures prepared for prospecting by all the geophysical organizations of the Soviet Union regardless of their affiliation. Along with the increase in work directed toward exploration and preparation of structures, regional investigations are being extended in which gravity exploration is combined with electrical and seismic work. Extensive use of the telluric current method, introduction of the transient field and magnetotelluric profiling methods, work using the shortened scheme of seismic observations (point sounding by the correlation method of refracted waves and the method of reflected waves), river seismic sounding, and marine seismic operations–all these have increased the effectiveness and productivity of regional investigations. We will present below the results of prospecting in the of our country.


Objective:To observe the changes of sinus heart rate turbulence (HRT) between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) stages and old myocardial infarction(OMI) steges of the same patients with MI.Method:HRT onset (TO) and slope (TS) were calculated from Holter records in 27 patients during the period of AMI ([3.8±0.3]days) and OMI ([84.1±3.0]days). Result:There were obviously changes of TO(from[0.17±0.12]% to -[1.45±0.45]%, P0.01) and TS(from [1.70±0.56]ms/RR to [8.87±1.91]ms/RR,P0.01) between AMI period and OMI period. Conclusion:HRT is abnormal in AMI period, but it may be normal during OMI period.


The most important part of digital image analysis is object classification. Nowadays, deep learning makes an enormous achievement in computer vision problems. So there has been a lot of interests in applying features learned by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on general image recognition to more tasks such as object detection, segmentation and face recognition. Leukocoria detection is one of the serious challenges in infant retinal treatment. Leukocoria is represented as an abnormal white reflection appearing in the eyes of an infant suffering from retinoblastoma. This research proposes a deep Visual Geometry Group-net CNN classifier for automatic detection of leukocoria. The proposed classifier comprises pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. The deep CNN classifier contains convolution layer, pooling layer and fully connected layer with weights are developed on each image. Experimental results based on several eye images consist of ordinary and leukocoric from flicker, and it demonstrates that the proposed classifier provides better results with the accuracy of 98.5% and the error rate is below 2% which exceeds the current results.


We establish several set-valued function versions of Ekeland's variational principle and hence provide some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of error bounds for inequality systems defined by finitely many lower semicontinuous functions.


Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease or Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. The Ebola virus and the disease in effect tend to randomly move individuals in the population around susceptible, infected, quarantined, hospitalized, recovered, and dead subpopulation. Motivated by the effectiveness in propagating the disease through the virus, a new bio-inspired and population-based optimization algorithm is proposed. This paper presents a novel metaheuristic algorithm named Ebola optimization algorithm (EOSA). To correctly achieve this, this study models the propagation mechanism of the Ebola virus disease, emphasising all consistent states of the propagation. The model was further represented using a mathematical model based on first-order differential equations. After that, the combined propagation and mathematical models were adapted for developing the new metaheuristic algorithm. To evaluate the proposed method's performance and capability compared with other optimization methods, the underlying propagation and mathematical models were first investigated to determine how they successfully simulate the EVD. Furthermore, two sets of benchmark functions consisting of forty-seven (47) classical and over thirty (30) constrained IEEE CEC-2017 benchmark functions are investigated numerically. The results indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is competitive with other state-of-the-art optimization methods based on scalability, convergence, and sensitivity analyses. Extensive simulation results indicate that the EOSA outperforms other state-of-the-art popular metaheuristic optimization algorithms such as the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, and Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm on some shifted, high dimensional and large search range problems.


A flexible diethylpyrrole-bridged bisporphyrin (H4DEP) is employed to encapsulate highly explosive picric acid (PA) in its cleft, and information about the chemical environment in the interior of the host–guest assembly is obtained. The synthesis, X-ray structure, and photophysical properties of the encapsulated host–guest complex (H4DEP·PA) are reported here. The host–guest assembly is also retained in solution with a binding constant (K) of (2.63 ± 0.2) × 105 M–1. Such an efficient complexation is due to the perfect match of the host–guest size, H bonding, and strong π–π interactions between the host and guest, which collectively make the binding of PA rapid and highly selective with a detection limit of 2.4 ppm. The host H4DEP can also discriminate the highly explosive PA from other nitroaromatic compounds. The extremely low HOMO–LUMO gap (HOMO = highest occupied molecular orbital, LUMO = lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) in the host–guest complex leads to an efficient and highly facile electron transfer from the host to the guest, which results in substantial quenching of the emission intensity of H4DEP. Such an efficient electron transfer is only possible if the donor and acceptor moieties are close to each other, as this lowers the reorganization energy. All of the experimental evidence is further substantiated by DFT calculations.


This paper uses data from the 1974 Malaysian Fertility and Family Survey to assess the effectiveness of contraception in postponing births by comparing open and closed birth intervals among currently married females aged 15-49 still living in their first marriages at time of interview. The differentials of birth intervals by birth order among contraceptors and noncontraceptors are examined through comparison of mean standard deviation and median and the effectiveness of contraception is further examined through application of a binary linear regression model under the assumption that the birth intervals are normally distributed with same variance but different means among contraceptors and noncontraceptors. To determine the effectiveness of the various types of contraception within the interval the binary regression model is extended from 1 to 3 binary variables: use of efficient contraceptives use of inefficient contraceptives and use of folk contraceptives. It was concluded that the effect of contraception in postponing a live birth is not very strong but the role of contraception in prolonging the open birth interval appears to be greater. The differential effects of contraception in the last closed interval and the open interval as well as the poor effectiveness of efficient contraception in the last closed interval raise several issues that should receive further study.


Thefifth (5G) and fourth (4G) age wirelesscommunication frameworks were conveyed or are quickly to bedeployedinmanycountries.But,with a blast of remote mobile telephones and administrations, there are nevertheless some problems that can't be best even thru 4G, as an example, the range isandhighenergyconsumption. Analysts have started out have a look at on 5th era far off frameworks which might be relied upon to be conveyed beyond 2020. In this article, we advise a capacity cellular format that isolates indoor and outdoors times, and speak approximately one-of-a-kind promising advancements for5Gwirelesscommunicationsystems,suchas large MIMO, strength effective communications,cognitiveradionetworks,andvisiblelight interchanges. Destiny troubles of the functionality advances are alsodiscussed.


Objective: To investigate the effect of both extract(RGL) and compound(BNHS) from Liver-softening herbs on chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) expression of human osteoarthritis chondrocyte cultured in vitro.Methods: Chondrocytes isolated by enzymatic digestion from human knee osteoarthritis cartilage were cultured within 3 generations with the density of 1×105/cm2.There were one control group and two study groups treated with RGL and BNHS respectively in this study.After directly adding drugs 10 mg/ml to cultures,chondrocyte proliferation was observed at 1st,3rd and 5th days by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt(MTS)assay kit.COMP level from culture supernatant was tested by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays(ELISA)Results:Although both RGL and BNHS had no significant effects on chondrocyte proliferation as compared to the control group(P0.05),cell number in 1 to 3 days interval increased much mere rapidly than in 3 to 5 days interval(P0.05)in each group.Compared with the control group,both extract and compound group had high COMP level,but no significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups.Conclusion: The finding suggests that both extract and compound from Liver-softening herbs could promote COMP expression of chondrocyte in vitro,but significant effect of stimulating cell proliferation is not yet be validated.


Morquio's disease belongs to the group of mucopolysaccharidosis which causes deformities of the bones. The diagnosis is made by radiological examinations and others such as biochemical examination.
Four cases of Morquio's disease are presented, which are the first reported in the Indonesian literature. All cases are of Chinese origin.
Cervical fusion had been done in one of the cases to prevent the complication of neurologic sequelae and sudden death. The symptoms, diagnosis and therapeutic measures to prevent sequelae have been discussed.


Bacteria of the genus Actinomyces are non-spore-forming filamentous, Microaerophilic or strict anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli, mainly belonging to the human commensal flora of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract; Actynomicosis israelii is most frequently isolated in human infection by this bacteria (90% of the cases), and is a very rare, generally a polymicrobial granulomatous infection which affects the cervicofacial (55% of all cases), abdominopelvic (22%) and thoracic (15%) regions, causing formation of abscesses, woody fibrosis and sinus discharge of characteristic sulfur granules. We present the case of a 42 year old patient with no prior medical history who presented to the emergency room with acute onset abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant, leukocytosis and neutrophilia, as well as ultrasonographic images which suggested acute appendicitis, the patient underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and cultures of abscesses surrounding the appendix were positive for A. israelii, which was also isolated in the histopathological specimen. The patient underwent antimicrobial treatment with ampicilin-sulbactam for a three month period postoperatively.


CO2 capture, especially under urtralow-pressure region (400 ~ 10,000 ppm), is extremely essential and challenging to keep prolonged manual operation in confined spaces and reduce the CO2 corrosion in natural...


In the control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IPMSMs), Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) based on motor parameters is a common approach to achieve high efficiency and torque density. Parametric uncertainty (e.g. due to identification errors, magnetic saturation or temperature variation) results in undesired deviation from the optimal operating trajectory. To solve this problem, MTPA tracking methods have been proposed, which exploit signal injection to search the minimum current point for a certain load torque, in a closed-loop fashion. For one of these methods, [13], stability of the non-linear dynamics was analyzed, and an upper bound for the convergence time was found, but no explicit method was proposed for the design of the tracking regulator. In this paper this last topic is addressed. By introducing some approximations, the linearized system is calculated and a loop transfer function obtained, which is invariant with the operating point. Thus, by means of a very simple design rule (i.e. suitable for auto-tuning), the MTPA tracking regulator gains can be designed in order to obtain the desired bandwidth. The method has been studied analytically and in simulation, also considering the influence of noise and parametric uncertainties. Finally the technique has been implemented on the hardware of a commercial industrial drive, proving the effectiveness of the proposal.


Nanohydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (n-HA/PLGA) composite was reinforced by bamboo fiber (BF), and the effects of BF of different lengths (≤1, 4–5, and 9–10 mm) on the mechanical properties, crystallization behavior, and in vitro degradation of the composite were investigated by an electromechanical universal tester, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, compared with the n-HA/PLGA composite. The results showed that BF (4–5 mm) had excellent comprehensive reinforce performance based on the best interface bonding and the best promotion crystallization effect. However, the in vitro degradation experiment revealed that the BF (≤1 mm) had the slightest tensile strength reduction percent, because the shortest size has difficulty escaping from the n-HA/PLGA matrix. The present work would provide important guidance significant for selecting the appropriate bamboo fib...


Objective To analyze and study the clinical treatment and efficacy of sputum positive tuberculosis(TB) with diabetes. Methods 48 cases with sputum positive TB with diabetes in our clinic from June 2010 to June 2013 were randomly selected.They were given targeted hypoglycemic,anti-tuberculosis medicine treatment.counted,analyzed and compared the clinical efficacy of the patients before and after the treatment. Results Compared the results,after the treatment,sputum negative rate and tuberculosis lesions situation of 48 cases were much better than before the treatment,glycemic index were also significantly decreased before the treatment,there had obvious differences before and after the treatment,it had statistical significance(P 0.05).The clinical treatment total efficiency of 48 patients was 91.67%. Conclusion It can improve the clinical efficacy of targeted clinical treatment for sputum positive TB with diabetes,it can also improve the patients' symptoms situation and quality of life.


ABSTRACT This paper explores learning from the perspective of primary pupils in Egypt. The article explores models of learning and teaching and how pupils respond to traditional models and to changes within those. Qualitative data was collected from 57 interviews with 81 primary pupils in Alexandria, Egypt. Our research approach was interpretivist and our method was individual interview and observation. Teachers had introduced for the first time the practice of group and/or pair-work in the English language classroom. Following this change, pupils described their learning as benefiting from: peer support; exercising self-direction; participating more actively; and enjoyment of collaborative work. These findings accord with the research literature on collaborative learning. We conclude that even in traditional sites of learning, children appreciate aspects of collaborative learning.


Antioxidants are bioactive compounds important for human health. Tomato pomace is a residue generated during tomato processing, composed of tomato skin, pulp and seeds. This paper evaluated the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of tomato pomace. Samples were collected from a processing plant located in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil in 6 consecutive work days and freeze-dried. In vitro antioxidant capacity was evaluated trough DPPH, TEAC and FRAP assays, and total phenolic content trough the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Average results for the 6 batches, in dry weight, were: DPPH 36.02 ± 4.13 % inhibition of DPPH radical/g, TEAC 1308.41 ± 54.26 μmol trolox equivalent/100g, FRAP 1123.41 ± 63.98 μmol ferrous sulfate equivalent/100g, and total phenolic content 15.77 ± 1.69 mg gallic acid equivalent/100g. Tomato pomace presented a high antioxidant activity, and a low total phenolic content. It could be used as source of antioxidant bioactive compounds.


A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg.


The main application and the latest researches of rice husk in China are reviewed in this paper,including rice husk as energy,the utilization of silicon and carbon of rice husk,the cellulose hydrolysis.Through comprehensive analysis of different ways,it is emphasized that the utilization of rice husk as energy is the best way at present.The development of high value chemical production of rice husk will have better prospects.


BSI recently published the revised BS 6031, to include compliance with Eurocode 7. This placed emphasis on fill classification
and compaction specifications, while setting the Specification for Highway Works (SHW) 600 series as the default approach for
earthworks in the UK. The revised BS 6031 (and earlier documents such as the 2001 manual of BRE Centre for Ground Engineering and
Remediation) lack in explaining long-term ground movements in compacted earthworks, particularly when arisings from nearby cuttings
are used as fill materials. Unexplained settlements include sudden and long-term subsidence particularly in transient loading environments,
when fills are built from sand/silts with small clay inclusions, as well as seasonal subsidence in fills with <20% carbonates. This paper examines
some of these limitations through revisiting our recent research, including a recent experimental work. From this paper, specifications
can be developed for building fills with site-won materials with an impact on carbon footprint, haulage and maintenance costs.


Background In vivo exposure therapy is the most effective treatment for phobias but is often impractical. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) can help overcome critical barriers to in vivo exposure therapy. However, accessible mobile software related to VRET is not well understood. Objective The purpose of our study is to describe the landscape of accessible smartphone apps with potential utility for clinical VRET. Methods We conducted a content analysis of publicly available smartphone apps related to virtual reality on the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store as of March 2020. Results The initial search yielded 525 apps, with 84 apps (52 on the Google Play Store and 32 on the Apple App Store) included for analysis. The most common phobic stimulus depicted was bodies of water or weather events (25/84, 29.8%), followed by heights (24/84, 28.6%), and animals (23/84, 27.4%). More than half of the apps were visually abstract (39/84, 53.5%). Most apps were free to use (48/84, 57.1%), while the rest were free to try (22/84, 26.2%) or required payment for use (14/84, 16.7%), with the highest cost for use being US $6. The average overall app rating was 2.9 stars out of 5, but the number of ratings ranged from 0 to 49,233. None of the 84 apps advertised compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, offered the ability to monitor data, provided clinician control over variables in the app experiences, or explicitly stated use by or development with clinicians. Conclusions None of the smartphone apps reviewed were explicitly developed for phobia therapy. However, 16 of the 84 included apps were considered ideal candidates to investigate further as part of treatment due to their accessibility, depiction of phobia-relevant stimuli, low or no cost, and high user scores. Most of these apps were visually abstract and free to use, making them accessible and potentially flexible as part of clinical exposure hierarchies. However, none of the apps were designed for clinical use, nor did they provide tools for clinician workflows. Formal evaluation of these accessible smartphone apps is needed to understand the clinical potential of accessible VRET solutions.


This paper discusses the overall process of recovery and reform in the context of Indonesia's changing political landscape, related to the implementation of the programs as well as relations with the IMF. It examines the evolving programs and policies and the difficulties of implementing them. Finally, it evaluates the overall macroeconomic performance under the recovery program over the last five years.


T O educators familiar with claims that English spelling is so irregular that it can only be mastered by list memorization or, on the other hand, that it is "eighty-five per cent phonetic," the assertion by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle in The Sound Pattern of English (Harper, 1968) that our spelling system is nearly optimal must come as something of a surprise. It may be worthwhile to consider what evidence forms the ba-


e22053 Background: Metabolomics has developed as an important new tool in cancer research. It is expected to lead to the discovery of biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The cu...


The World Health Organization defines pharmaceutical promotion as, " all informational and persuasive activities by manufacturers and distributors, the effect of which is to induce the prescription, supply, purchase and/or use of medicinal drugs " (WHO,1988). These activities include advertisements, one-to-one sales visits, free samples, sponsorship of educational and scientific events that could affect treatment decisions, and a range of other activities, as outlined below. The term encompasses both direct and easily recognizable promotional activities and disguised promotion. disguised promotion, including: clinician key opinion sponsored continuing medical ghostwriting of journal articles; selective of public relations funding of and professional and clinical guideline


Management of public transportation systems in the 1980s will be a major challenge for urban areas. Their operating scenarios, financial support, and general feasibility will be severely tested. The present heavy subsidy of transit is not expected to continue. Just as much of the U.S. industry has had to specialize its product offerings in a competitive market place, so will transit systems. This will mean the expansion of paratransit activities and the inclusion of paraprivate transportation options. This paper attempts to assist public transportation officials in thinking through their innovative alternatives and provide the rationale for the alternatives they adopt. How these newer, specialized forms of public tkransportation alternatives are integrated into existing traditional transit operations will be the major managerial and official focus for much of this decade. Those areas that are successful in broadening their concept of public transportation to include these innovations will breathe new life and vitality into their local transportation systems. Those who do not will continue to teeter from one financial crisis to another. Clearly, public transportation officials at all levels need to ask themselves, "What are we trying to do?", and restructure to accomplish these goals. We can no longer continue to use nineteenth-century work rules and early twentieth-century technology as we stumble toward the twenty-first century. (Author)


There is mushrooming of domestic wells in Zanzibar Town due to inadequate supply of tap water. The well water is used for domestic purposes including drinking. In many cases the wells are situated very close to pit latrines increasing the risk of contamination. This study attempted to assess the microbial and nutrients contamination in domestic well during dry and rainy season in the Urban-West Region of Unguja Island, Zanzibar. Nineteen domestic wells were sampled and analyzed for the microbial and nutrient quality of water. It was found that domestic wells were highly contaminated by both nutrients and coliform. The contamination was intensified during rainy season. Only 5% of the collected water samples met WHO and Tanzania standards for drinking water. This explains why in Zanzibar water borne diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever occur frequently. The major sources of contamination were found to be the pit latrines/ septic tanks. The degree of contamination was affected by the depth of a domestic well, and combination of number and location of a septic tanks surrounding a well at a particular location. It is recommended that frequent monitoring and treatment of the domestic wells could be a good solution to decrease the water born diseases.


Modern DASD Subsystems, regardless of the vendor, while processing typical workloads, provide fast average response times. These response times are vastly improved over the response times of 3380 and 3390 type DASD. I/Os that are cache misses are often much longer than the average reported because of the manner in which disconnect time is computed. This paper will describe variability in the response time that is not typically observed in these subsystems by using disconnect time in a new manner. A proposal is being made to combine existing data sources to produce more meaningful data for performance analysis.


In the article, we compute the completely positive matrix numerical index of matrix regular operator spaces and show that they take values in the interval [ 1 2 , 1]. Moreover, we show that the dual of a unital operator system has the completely positive matrix numerical index 1 2 if its dimension is greater than 1. Furthermore, both Sp(H) and Lp(M) have the completely positive matrix numerical index 2 − 1 p if their dimensions are greater than 1, where p ∈ [1,+∞), H is a Hilbert space and M is a finite von Neumann algebra.


We report on the development of an optical-fiber-based diagnostic instrument to determine the local optical properties of a turbid media. The system relies on making differential diffuse reflection measurements. We present a method to correct for the variations in the spectral characteristics of the two spectrometers. We also introduce a novel method to evaluate the differential reflectance by encoding a relative wavelength sensitivity constant into the signal processing to account for differences in the spectral sensitivity between spectrometers. This method allows us to record differential reflectance without needing to make additional reference measurements before an experiment to account for spectral variation of the lamp.


Ancient coins were strictly standardized objects in which the newest innovations and achievements in the field of mining, metallurgy, technology, and metrology were concentrated. There were always special requirements for the issue of ancient coins: the best carvers were invited to make the manufacturing dies, and the composition of alloys and the weights and sizes of coins were strictly controlled. The ancient concept of a coin consists of three necessary attributes: good-quality metal, a certain design, and an established weight. The quality of the metal served to guarantee the authenticity of the coins and their ability to measure costs, serve as means of exchange and for accumulating wealth. In spite of the fact that the interest in studying alloys of ancient coins already has a long tradition in numismatic science, it is only now, with the introduction of modern, non-destructive, high-speed analytical methods, that researchers have the opportunity to carry out mass analyses of coin alloys, which are important for providing statistically corrected results. Now it is possible for data from the monetary alloys to be considered in numismatic studies alongside traditional metrological, typological, and die analyses. Investigations of ancient coin alloys are of considerable importance for the history of metallurgy because unlike other ancient metal wares, coins represent independently dated material that make it possible to determine where and when a particular metal or alloy was used for the first time. Brass (Gr. oreichalkos), which is an alloy of copper and zinc, began being used in coins comparatively late, and the question about the beginning of its application is closely connected with the wider problem of the reasons for and time of the


In recent measurements of the cross‐section for dissociative recombination of H+3 a strong enhancement feature was found which is several eV wide and centered near 9.5 eV incident electron energy. We show this peak is due to four autoionizing states of H3. We also find that three of these resonance states cross along the symmetric stretch seam of the potential energy hypersurface. Such triple intersections may be expected in any polyatomic system which is of high enough symmetry to allow degenerate molecular orbitals. Their existence can profoundly affect the nuclear dynamics on these surfaces in a manner similar to that found in the more common cases of conical intersections between two surfaces. The calculation and characterization of these states will be described.


Recurring organizational communication problems, lack of communication between superiors and subordinates, and also conflict at the employee level make the basis for researchers to conduct research and try to provide recommendations to improve conditions that occur in the Balittas organization. This study will focus on quality of relationships between superiors and subordinates as well as colleagues in organization. This study aims to describe and analyze the quality of the relationship between superiors and subordinates. This research was conducted using the Action Research method with the aim of being in Balittas from 2010 to 2019. Departing from the constructivism paradigm, this study carried out data collection by structured interviews and analyzed using the action research cycle from Coghland & Brannick. The quality of the relationship between superiors and subordinates, between colleagues for each period of each leader based on the LMX theory is dominated by the quality of the out group. This is because the relationship is only a contractual one. Subsequent research can develop the application of LMX theory in other government work units and create efforts to build quality in group relationships within Balittas. Based on LMX theory (low relationship quality) because the exchange of behavior of organizational members is limited to contractual ties and the low level of support and trust in each other.


In the case of limited bandwidth and storage space, the traditional image encryption algorithm cannot achieve both compression and encryption. This paper studies the image encryption algorithm based on compressed sensing theory. In this paper, the chaotic sequence generated by various chaotic equations is applied to construct the perceptual matrix, and then the parallel signal compression sampling scheme is assumed to process the original signal. Then the scrambling and diffusion mechanism is used to further encrypt the measured value which improves the security of transmitting ciphertext. Finally, the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) is utilized to reconstruct the measured values to obtain the reconstructed signal to recover the image. The test results manifest that the high compression ratio can be maintained on the basis of ensuring the encryption efficiency and quality of the image. The security performance test results such as key space, plaintext sensitivity and information entropy illustrate that the encryption algorithm in this paper has high security.


The laser beam spot size at the focal point of a pulsed laser is a critical parameter in laser materials processing, but accurate determination of the spot size is very difficult, particularly for high power pulsed lasers. In this study, effective methods were developed for such determination, by interpretation of measured hole diameters produced in Kapton film using pulsed laser beams with multimode or Gaussian‐like mode structures. Analysis of the hole‐making process for multimode distributed laser beams showed that the measured hole diameter, Dh, varied linearly with the inverse of pulse energy, 1/Ep. By plotting experimental data on graphs of Dh versus 1/Ep, inexpensive but reliable estimates of the spot size of multimode pulsed laser beams were obtained. Further analysis showed that plots of Dh2 versus ln(Ep) could provide estimates of the distribution coefficient of Gaussian‐distributed laser beams. These values were found to be in good agreement with focussed beam dimensions of a pulsed Nd:YAG lase...


As the United States is embroiled in a seemingly never-ending war against faceless terrorist organizations, it continues to detain suspected terrorists. As the government (and the public at large) wrestles with resolving each detainee's case, the consequences of enhanced interrogation techniques on the government's prosecution of enemy detainees has never been satisfactorily resolved. With the election of Donald Trump in 2016, his stated enthusiasm for enhanced interrogation techniques brought torture back into the American collective consciousness. This note focuses on the effect of so-called two-phase interrogations on the admissibility of any inculpatory statement made by enemy detainees subjected to enhanced interrogation techniques. Applicable federal precedent suggests that any inculpatory statement made after a detainee has endured enhanced interrogation techniques i inadmissible in a federal criminal prosecution. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. IN TRODU CTION ........................................................................... 46 II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL STANDARD 46 REVIEW OF LA WAND SOCIAL JUSTICE [Vol.27:1 GOVERNING THE ADMISSIBILITY OF CONFESSIONS ....... 49 III. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL STANDARD GOVERNING TWO-PHASE INTERROGATIONS IN THE DOM ESTIC CONTEXT ............................................................ 50 A . OREGON V. ELSTAD .............................................................. 51 B. M ISSOURI V. SEIBERT ............................................................ 53 C. THE CURRENT DOCTRINAL LANDSCAPE ............................... 55 D. THE APPLICATION OF THE CURRENT DOCTRINE .................. 57 1. Application of the "Totality of the Objective and Subjective Evidence" Deliberateness Standard ........... 57 2. Application of Elstad's Voluntariness Requirement .......... 60 IV. TWO-PHASE INTERROGATIONS IN THE TERRORISM C O N TEX T ................................................................................ 61 A. DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCED INTERROGATION TECHN IQUES ...................................................................... 61 B. PHASE ONE: THE USE OF ENHANCED INTERROGATION TECHNIQUES ON KHALID SHEIK MOHAMMAD ................... 61 C. PHASE Two: CLEAN TEAM'S INTERROGATIONS .................... 64 V. THE ADMISSIBILITY OF KSM'S STATEMENTS TO CLEAN TEAMS UNDER THE CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 65 A. SUBJECTIVE FACTORS ............................................................. 65 B. OBJECTIVE FACTORS ............................................................... 66 C. ELSTAD'S VOLUNTARINESS ANALYSIS .................................. 68 VI. CON CLU SION .............................................................................. 70


Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling psychiatric condition with limited treatment options. It is characterized by persistent thoughts (obsessions), which are ego-dystonic and associated with seemingly purposeful behaviors (compulsions). Only potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are consistently effective in patients of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which indicates that serotonin dysfunction is the underlying cause in OCD. An outgrowing research has been done in pharmacotherapy of OCD but research into effective herbal treatments for OCD has just started. Those plants which are used to treat anxiety and depression can be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of OCD. These evidences suggest that Clitoria ternatea may found to be useful in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. To evaluate this possibility, we studied the influence of ethanolic extract of Clitorea ternatea on marble-burying behavior in mice. The results revealed that ethanolic extract of Clitorea ternatea (EECT) (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) reduced the marble burying behavior in mice. The effects of EECT were comparable to that of fluoxetine (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg). We also studied the effect of subeffective dose of EECT (100 mg/kg) with the subeffective dose of fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), which significantly reduced the marble burying behavior in mice. In conclusion, the study indicates that EECT can modulate obsessive compulsive behavior and also potentiate the effect of fluoxetine, and could serve as an herbal treatment of OCD.


The Companion Mics® (CMICS™) by Etymotic Research, and more recently by the author' company MCK Audio, have frequently demonstrated a 10–20 dB improvement in SNR in noisy groups and restaurants for up to four talkers, each of whom wears a CMIC wireless microphone unit on the collar or held near the chin. Until recently, however, the listener would need to wear an earphone. (Experimentally, two ears listening to the same signal provide only a 2 dB advantage.) The disadvantage was that the hearing aid audiologist would have to say: "If you have trouble in noise, take off your hearing aids and put on these earphones." While waiting for the incorporation of Bluetooth circuits, two other successful alternates have been introduced. The first is an open-ear HearHook© sound tube which hooks over the ear and delivers sound near the earcanal, which is also near the microphone of a hearing aid. The second is the use of a neckloop connected to the CMIC, with the hearing aid switched to "tcoil" mode. An amplified tcoil HHearbud with built-in hum filter allows that use even when electrical hum interference is present.


Because this is the summer of great happiness Because my Chinese fortune cookie is always right Because the doves laid three eggs Because in my dreams I am the outhouse woman Because the man at the window was like cold air on the back of my neck Because all day we lived together Because the White-Sided Pacific Dolphin had a friend, the seal Because the Manatee eats lettuce underwater and doesn't drown


In this work, the diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and modified polyurethane (PU) blends were initiated by N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH). The cure and fracture toughness of neat DGEBA with the addition of PU were investigated. The cure properties of DGEBA/PU blend system were examined by DSC and near-IR measurements. The fracture touhtness were investigated by measuring the critical stress intensity factor () and the critical strain energy release rate (). According to the results, the maximum values of owe activation energy () and conversion () were found at 10 phr of PU. Also the showed a similar behavior with the results of conversion. These results were probably due to increase of crosslinking density in the blends resulted from increase of the hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of DGEBA and isocyanate groups of PU.


In recent years, the use of Learning Management System (LMS) in higher education has dramatically increased. However, many students use LMS for limited purposes such as downloading course materials. There are many factors that may affect LMS utilization by students. In the present study three factors, namely Internet experience, subjective norm, and task-technology fit were examined. The participants of the study were 216 undergraduate students of faculty of education in one of the local universities in Malaysia. The results revealed that the constructs of Internet experience and subjective norm obtained a high mean value. This result suggests students who used LMS have a sufficient internet experience which could easily help them in using it. University and lecturer support seems to be the most important sources that encourage them to use LMS. Students also responded their satisfaction with the functionality of LMS to assists them in the process of learning.


A feasibility analysis of renovation of the on-line viscometer is made by surveying the present state of a synthetic oil plant.Configuration of the analyzer and its system is made for actual process flow.An economic analysis of complicated engineering is also made to offer some worth in the analyzer's maintenance.


In the editorial introduction to this special issue of Design Issues, Thomas Susanka and Olaf Kramer suggest that, in democracies based on citizen engagement, trust in science is a critical factor in good decision-making. This is particularly important where, for example, our collective responses to environmental change or a global pandemic will determine the future survival of our species—among others. In peer-to-peer communication (i.e., from scientist to scientist) there will be an implicit acceptance and professional interrogation of the underlying truths in all forms of scientific data. However, when the channels of communication lead from scientists to citizens this becomes a more complex and unstable process—especially concerning social or political issues where a primary objective is to stimulate preferred decisions and their subsequent courses of action. Here, the process is not one of neutral data transmission but of persuasive communication through visual information. However, in a world of "fake news" and unjustified scepticism of scientific advice, the role of science in helping to craft important public policies has been badly devalued in the eyes of citizens. Consequently, this special issue, Knowledge Design – Visual Rhetoric in Science Communication, is a timely intervention at a critical moment in our social and political circumstances. The authors of this special issue set out to investigate a number of rhetorical strategies in the sphere of persuasive communication. Not least of these being the ability of a communicator to establish the authority and credibility needed for the message to be widely held in trust. Here the traditionally unquestioned authority of science, to let the supposed facts speak for themselves, is complemented by a new faith in the communicator's authenticity and believability. Indeed, in a world of data saturation we must at times stop to wonder who and what we can trust to make well-informed decisions about our future circumstances. Given that all data are susceptible to manipulation and misinformation, the positioning of visual rhetoric as a trusted broker in the communication of grounded scientific advice, to a wide reach of citizens, is an important intervention in the current social and political climate that we must negotiate.


Web services have a potential to enhance B2B e-commerce over the Internet by allowing companies and organizations to publish their business processes on service directories where potential trading partners can find them. This can give rise to new business paradigms based on ad-hoc trading relations as companies, particularly small to medium scale, can cheaply and flexibly enter into fruitful contracts, e.g., through subcontracting from big companies by simply publishing their business processes and the services they offer. More business process support by the Web service infrastructure is however needed before such a paradigm change can materialize. A service for searching and matchmaking of business processes does not yet exist in the current infrastructure. We believe that such a service is needed and will enable companies and organizations to be able to establish ad-hoc business relations without relying on manually negotiated interorganizational workflows. We give a formal semantics to business process matchmaking based on finite state automata extended by logical expressions associated to states.


Library Display 2.0: Evolving from Monologue to DialogueLibrary displays offer an opportunity to market library collections and may use ideas or techniques pulled from the business sector with the purpose of increasing circulation (Jacobson, 2012; McPhie & Wannerton, 2014). In academic libraries, displays serve an even more distinctive purpose as they offer opportunities for campus outreach, the promotion of inclusivity, and the engagement of the curiosities of their diverse user communities (Maloney, 2012; Mitchell & Zwemer, 2000; Reece, 2005). In addition to an academic library display's appeal to the intellectual considerations of its campus community, an effective exhibit needs to also move both the heart and the perception to create an active rather than passive connection with the user (Bowen & Roberts, 1993). To that end, displays offer the potential to be transformed into third spaces which contain, uplift, and value the various campus cultures of students, faculty, and staff to promote engagement and interaction, which thus connects the community with the library (Elmborg, 2011).While the purpose behind library displays is clear and fits well within the service orientation of the profession, most displays tend to be static presentations of materials in fixed and sometimes inaccessible locations. This can prevent the content of the displays from truly being effective as a community outreach tool or from offering the opportunity to better engage with the diverse patrons that may frequent a particular library. The inclusion of technological components as a part of library displays presents a possible solution for elevating the library display to a more dynamic and interactive representation of the materials. One such avenue for moving displays to an online environment is through the creation of a web page of past displays where display content is digitized with a color scanner and linked to a library's home page (Aloi, 2007). While such an approach offers great potential, it is still rooted in the virtual space of the library itself.Another approach to integrating technology as a way to enhance library displays involves the use of Quick Response (QR) barcodes linked to social media and library services (Baker, 2010). The codes are read from any QR-enabled device, including most smartphones, and linked to a collection of materials that can include a Flickr image display, an electronic sign-up form for community services, or a record in the library catalog.The use of social media and other technological sources is another method of widening a display's scope, audience, and exposure, allowing it to reach out farther for an interactive connection with more of the library's users. And as it reaches out farther, the display's emotional affect is technologically increased by the wider inclusion of "not just textual documents but also objects, images, sounds, and everything that falls within the range of experience and perception" (Bowen & Roberts, 1993, p. 409). In particular, Pinterest has been used as a way to share historical collections and to create collaborative spaces for patrons (Clark, 2012). With the use of technology, displays have an increased power to emotionally transport a user to a different time, place, and space. A digital third space can be fostered where the patron, much like a business customer, feels uplifted, connected, welcomed, and valued (Elmborg, 2011). Since the community culture determines this space, tuning in to it can spur more intentional, community involved displays. (Elmborg, 2011).At the Gregg-Graniteville Library, displays are created monthly and arranged in a cabinet directly inside the main entrance. Librarians rotate the task monthly, and each librarian conventionally conceives and creates each month's display as a solo effort. Beginning in 2013, each December's display cabinet has featured materials from the juvenile book collection, which consists of reading materials for grades PreK-12. …


The experimental installation on the base of high power light diodes (UV, green, red) and 532nm-laser for spectral-luminescent characteristics porphyrin metal complexes (PMC) investigations was developed. The signal registration is carried out in broad spectral region (550-1 l00nm). For express measurements of spectral-luminescent properties PMC the upgraded mini-spectrometer FSD-8 with photodetectors array was used.


The invention relates to a steel pipe expansion pressure forming method for an axle housing of an engineering vehicle, and the process steps comprise the preparation of an initial pipe blank, the diameter reduction at the two ends of the pipe blank, the one-step hydraulic expansion, the one-step press-forming and the cutting according to the process requirements. The steel pipe expansion pressure forming method has the advantages of high utilization rate of materials, low manufacturing low, no weld joints on a product, good strength and rigidity and the like.


1. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) was injected intraperitoneally into rats for 1 to 29 days. A characteristic finding in all rats so treated was a lowering in the concentrations of protein-bound iodine of plasma to approximately half those found in the control animals.

2. This fall in the level of plasma protein-bound iodine was not accompanied by an enlargement of the thyroid gland nor by a change in its histological appearance. Moreover, the amounts of total and thyroxine-like iodine of the gland were unaffected.

The uptake of injected I131 and its conversion to organic forms by the thyroid gland of DNP-treated rats remained normal.


We introduce a new family of linear block codes, which we refer to as partial Reed Solomon (PRS) codes. These codes are specifically designed and optimized for real-time multimedia communication over packet-based erasure channels. Based on the constraints and flexibilities of real-time applications, we define a performance measure, message throughput (/spl tau//sub m/), which is suitable for these applications. This measure differentiates the notion of optimum codes for the target multimedia applications as compared to performance measures that are used for nonreal-time data. Based on the proposed measure, we combine the advantages of lowering the density of a code for near capacity performance with the high decoding efficiency of Reed Solomon (RS) codes, in order to design optimum PRS codes. Then, we demonstrate, through an example of a binary erasure channel (BEC), that at near-capacity coding rates, the appropriate design of a PRS code can outperform an RS-code. We extend this analysis and optimization for a general BEC over a wide range of channel conditions. Moreover, as compared with RS codes, the proposed PRS codes provide a significantly improved graceful degradation when the number of losses exceeds the number of parity symbols within the code block. This is a highly desirable feature for real-time multimedia applications.


The invention provides a channel information determining method and a channel information determining device. The method comprises the following steps: sending a channel detection request frame to a station STA, wherein the channel detection request frame is used to request to send a channel detection signal to the STA, and the channel detection request frame carries a system frame number SFN used to determine a orthogonal code word index value and/or a sub-carrier index position configured on each antenna of an access point AP; and sending a channel detection signal frame to the STA, wherein the channel detection signal frame carries a channel detection signal, and the orthogonal code word index values and/or the sub-carrier index positions and the channel detection signal are used to determine the channel information between the STA and the AP. Through the method and the device, the problem in the related technology that channel detection is of low efficiency is solved, and the effect of channel detection efficiency increase is achieved.


Chippers-canters are designed to produce pulp chips and lumber in a single-pass operation with very low sawdust production. The performance of a new chipper-kanter knife clamp for processing balsam fir and white spruce logs, with small diameters of 154 mm and 204 mm, was evaluated. Cutting width was held constant at the small log end but varied at the large log end between both diameter classes. Results show that under unfrozen wood conditions (10° to 19°C), chip size distribution is enhanced when using a knife clamp angle of 30 degrees and a distance between the knife edge and knife clamp edge of 18 mm. Compared to a standard knife clamp (angle of 22 degrees and distance of 22 mm), this improved setup increased the level of acceptable chips by a minimum of 1.8 to 3.4 percent of the total chips, depending on cutting height and species involved. These gains were principally obtained by reducing the chip thickness. Results also showed that with cutting width held more-or-less constant, chip thickness decreases as the cutting height decreases. The study also indicated that, under the same cutting conditions, balsam fir produced thinner chips and more fines than white spruce.


We compare the CapEx and OpEx of in-building networks for fibre and Cat-5E solutions. For residential homes, our analysis shows that total network costs during economic lifetime are lowest for a point-to-point duplex POF topology.


Objective
To investigate the situation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the distribution of HPV genotypes among women attending hospital in Meizhou, Guangdong province.

Methods
Flow-through hybridization and gene chip technique was used to detect HPV in cervical exfoliated cell specimens collected from 24 450 women for HPV screening in Department of Gynecology, Meizhou People′s Hospital, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, and then the situation of HPV infection and distribution of HPV genotypes were analyzed.

Results
Among 24 450 female exfoliated cell specimens, 3 922 were found to be positive for HPV infection, with the total infection rate of 16.04%. Among 3 922 samples, the top three high-risk subtypes of HPV were HPV-16 (30.37%), HPV-52 (17.77%) and HPV-58 (15.53%), the majority of low-risk HPV was HPV-CP8304 (5.61%). The positivity of various HPV types peaked among 30-50 years old. The differences of the HPV positive rates in different age groups was statistical significance (P<0.001).

Conclusions
The majority of women attending hospital detected with HPV-16 in Meizhou and the positivity of various HPV types peaked among women aged 30-50 years. Genotyping of HPV was meaningful for preventing and treating cervical cancer.

Key words:
Human papillomavirus; Flow-through hybridization; Genotyping


The most significant areas of exploration drilling and development were the offshore northwest shelf of Western Australia, and continued development drilling in the Bass basin of Victoria in southeast Australia. Onshore, the most active area was the Cooper basin of South Australia where several gas-bearing structures were discovered. Overall, drilling activity in Australia in 1972 was up about 25% relative to 1971 primarily because of increased offshore drilling. In Oceania, there were continued geophysical surveys, with some of the more important effort being that of the Amoco group in the Goodenough Island area between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. This work is believed to have defined a potential drilling target for 1973. There was no significant follow-on to the 1971 drilling done in Tonga, northeast of New Zealand.


Photodermatology is the study of the interaction of ultraviolet and visible light with skin and the Photobiology Unit in Dundee is the only centre in Scotland that is available for the investigation of patients with suspected photosensitivity. 1 Some chemicals (eg‐ topical NSAIDs), at concentrations that are normally harmless, can react with sunlight to cause painful phototoxic reactions in susceptible people if they get into their skin or eyes. 2 Currently it can be difficult to predict what patient will have a reaction and which patient will not. 2 Areas of ongoing research and development are in the investigation of drug and light interactions, such as individual sensitivity to drug phototoxicity, with both clinical and in vitro studies. 2‐4 This is important as these drug reactions can be very severe and is associated with significant patient morbidity. Another major area of research interest is in the porphyrias that are a further example of drug light interaction with Dundee being a leading study centre. 5 The porphyrias are a group of (mostly) hereditary conditions that cause a disruption in the body's production of the heme molecule. The result is a build up of precursors that can be nephrotoxic or indeed cause photosensitivity of the skin. These interactions can also be used therapeutically such as in photodynamic therapy, with ongoing studies in improving treatment regimes and optimising patient tolerability of PDT, with the introduction of low output portable LEDs for use in ambulatory PDT. Another area of research interest in photodermatology is the use of artificial sources of ultraviolet light to diagnose and treat skin disease. The National Managed Clinical Network for phototherapy facilitates studies into individual factors that may be predictive of phototherapy treatment responses and clinical trials of optimisation of phototherapy treatment regimes. 1 We have also recently set up a photobiology tissue bank in which we store DNA on patients seen in the Photobiology Unit and this will facilitate investigations into genotype‐phenotype correlations in some of the disease processes such as polymorphic light eruption, a common photosensitive disorder.


It is 'the logic of these late-capitalist phenomena' that Augé attempts to describe. So far, so good, but this is only from Non-places' back-cover blurb. In fact the book is very disappointing: the author offers a bland narrative of the experience of modern life, for example, on the supermarket: 'The customer wanders round in silence, reads labels, weighs fruit and vegetables on a machine that gives the price along with the weight, then hands his credit card to a young woman as silent as himself—anyway, not very chatty—who runs each article past the sensor of a decoding machine before checking the validity of the customer's credit card' (pp.99–100). He nostalgically contrasts this to some romantic idealization of the (French) past, and mixes it up with what can only be described as pretentious waffle. To be fair, some of the concepts introduced are interesting. Anthropological places are contrasted to spaces; places in turn are contrasted to nonplaces: 'If a place can be defined as relational, historical and concerned with identity, then a space which cannot be defined as relational, or historical, or concerned with identity will be a nonplace' (pp.77-78). Modernity is contrasted to supermodernity: it is supermodernity which creates non-places, 'spaces which are not themselves anthropological places and which, unlike Baudelairean modernity, do not integrate the earlier places...' (p.78). For example, 'in the modernity of the Baudelairean landscape ... everything is combined', the old and new are interwoven; on the other hand, supermodernity 'makes the old (history) into a specific spectacle, as it does with all exoticism and all local particularity ... in the non-places of supermodernity, there is always a specific position ... for "curiosities" presented as such' (p.110). It's true that airports, supermarkets, new housing estates, suburbs and so on are alienating (non-)places—just listen to Strummer's lyrics to 'Lost in the Supermarket' (The Clash, London Calling, 1979); it is also true that we are forced to spend more and more of our lives in such (non-)places. This is why this little book appeared promising. But the concepts Augé employs are hopelessly inadequate to explain the proliferation and character of these 'late capitalist phenomena'. The definition, cited above, of place vis-à-vis non-place begs the questions: relational to whom?, concerned with whose history?; whose identity? Augé's point is, of course, that everywhere 144 Capital & Class #60


Abstract Retirements from the workforce can be split between those who are forced to retire early specifically for health reasons referred to as ill-health retirements and all other retirements referred to as normal-health retirements. Rates of ill-health retirement increase with age and are higher for females than males. Consequently, the mortality experience of ill-health retirement pensioners will become more important in the future as pension schemes increase their normal retirement age in line with increases in life expectancy and the proportion of women in the workforce and therefore in occupational pension schemes increases. This paper seeks to model the mortality of ill-health retirements from occupational pension schemes in the United Kingdom in the period immediately following retirement (reverse select mortality) and over the longer term (ultimate mortality) allowing for age at retirement. Females experience a longer reverse select period than males and for both males and females the improvement in mortality rates over the reverse select period is greatest at younger ages. Post the reverse select period the effect of age at retirement decreases over time with ultimate mortality rates converging by the mid-eighties for males and females.


Time synchronization technology is one of the most important support technologies in the WSN.It is not only ensuring the normal running of WSN projects,but also other support technologies is influenced directly by the time synchronization precision.This pa-per introduces the basic concepts of time synchronization protocol for WSN;algorithm of some classical time synchronization protocols is detailed analyzed,and then discusses research of time synchronization protocol faces with the challenge.In the end,and puts forward the prospect of the further study.


State-of-the-art research and development in large-scale wireless systems have been pushed to the limits, essentially on dealing with the challenges from network scalability and node resource (complexity) constraints, as well as the need for an effective application programming interface. In this paper, we present the reference model of Embedded Wireless Interconnect (EWI), as a potential merge of research advances in multiple engineering disciplines, so as to effectively encapsulate the complexities of large-scale wireless networking. The cognitive radio approach is applied in the EWI reference model, where we define two basic propositions of the cognitive radio for large-scale wireless networks, i.e., opportunistic spectrum sensing and polling, respectively. The research suggests the potential standardization of the cognitive radio in large-scale wireless systems, which consequently results in the large-scale cognitive networks, opportunistically utilizing network resources including both spectrum bandwidth and wireless node availability, and achieving effective application programming over such systems.


With the number of cores of chip multiprocessors (CMPs) rapidly growing as technology scales down, connecting the different components of a CMP in a scalable and efficient way becomes increasingly challenging. In this article, we explore the architectural-level implications of interconnection network design for CMPs with up to 128 fine-grain multithreaded cores. We evaluate and compare different network topologies using accurate simulation of the full chip, including the memory hierarchy and interconnect, and using a diverse set of scientific and engineering workloads.
 We find that the interconnect has a large impact on performance, as it is responsible for 60% to 75% of the miss latency. Latency, and not bandwidth, is the primary performance constraint, since, even with many threads per core and workloads with high miss rates, networks with enough bandwidth can be efficiently implemented for the system scales we consider. From the topologies we study, the flattened butterfly consistently outperforms the mesh and fat tree on all workloads, leading to performance advantages of up to 22%. We also show that considering interconnect and memory hierarchy together when designing large-scale CMPs is crucial, and neglecting either of the two can lead to incorrect conclusions. Finally, the effect of the interconnect on overall performance becomes more important as the number of cores increases, making interconnection choices especially critical when scaling up.


In most species, selection favours different phenotypes in the two sexes. This type of sexual antagonism can be resolved through the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Sex differences in gene regulation is a proximate mechanism by which this resolution can be achieved. One form of differential gene regulation is sex differences in the amount a gene is expressed, so called sex-biased gene expression (SBGE). Less attention has been given to sexual dimorphism in isoform usage (SDIU), resulting from sex-specific alternative splicing, which may be another way in which conflict between the sexes is resolved. Here, we use RNA-seq data from two tissue types (heads and bodies) from 18 genotypes of adultDrosophila melanogasterto investigate SDIU. In our data, SBGE and SDIU are both much more prevalent in the body than the head. SDIU is less common among sex-biased than unbiased genes in the body, though the opposite pattern occurs in the head. SDIU, but not SBGE, is significantly associated with reduced values of Tajima'sD, possibly indicating that such genes experience positive selection more frequently. SBGE, but not SDIU, is associated with increasedπN/πS, possibly indicating weaker purifying selection. Together, these results are consistent with the idea that the SDIU and SBGE are alternative pathways towards the resolution of conflict between the sexes with distinct evolutionary consequences.


Arsenic is released from anaerobic sediments into groundwater as As(III) (arsenite), which threatens the health of millions of people in southern Asia. It is widely accepted that certain anaerobic bacteria, such as dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria and dissimilatory As(V) (arsenate)-reducing bacteria, play important roles in arsenic release in nature. Although respiratory arsenate reductase genes (arrA) closely related with Geobacter species have been detected frequently in arsenic-rich sediments, it is still unclear whether they directly participate in arsenic release, mainly due to lack of pure cultures capable of arsenate reduction. Previously, we isolated Geobacter sp. OR-1 from Japanese paddy soil. Strain OR-1 also utilized soluble Fe(III) and ferrihydrite as electron acceptors, and catalyzed dissolution of arsenic from arsenate-adsorbed ferrihydrite. Furthermore, inoculation of strain OR-1 into sterilized paddy soil successfully restored arsenic release. In this study, we analyzed draft genome sequence of strain OR-1, and found two distinct "arsenic islands", the genomic regions highly enriched with arsenic-metabolizing genes. One consisted of arrAB, and they are also flanked with genes for arsenic resistance (arsADR and acr3) Another island consisted mainly of genes for arsenic resistance including that for a detoxifying arsenate reductase ArsC. Transcriptional analysis revealed that most of these genes were expressed specifically in the presence of arsenic, and that the expression of arrA was more than 30 times higher in the presence of arsenic. Comprehensive proteomic analysis by means of 1D SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS showed that not only arsenic-metabolizing proteins but also those involved in oxidative stress response, protein folding, molecular chaperones, phosphate uptake, and sulfur metabolism were expressed cooperatively in the presence of arsenic. Our results shed light on how microbes cope with this toxic metalloid, and play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic.


Recently, MIMO technology, which can improve data rate, link reliability and diversity order, has been widely studied. However, due to the limitation of size, cost and complexity, it is difficult to equip multiple antennas in mobile devices. To overcome this problem, the cooperative communication scheme has been proposed. In this scheme, each terminal shares its single antenna to form a virtual MIMO environment. However, in conventional cooperative scheme, e.g, decode-and-forward, amplify and forward, the spectral efficiency is decreased if there are many terminals taking part in the cooperation. Therefore, the incremental relaying scheme has been proposed to solve this problem. In this paper, we consider various models using incremental relaying technique. In addition, the position of relay is investigated in order to obtain optimal performance.


Calculating purchasing expense of retarder fitting,it not only provide theory basis to decide a policy for department responsible of higher authorities,but also move towards order and controllable for maintenance operation of retarder,it has an important meaning for controlling of production cost,economizing on the use of funds,reducing consumption and ensuring safety in transportation.


When transient events are observed with multiple sensors, it is often necessary to establish the significance of coincident events. We derive a universal null test for an arbitrary number of sensors motivated by the archetypal detection problem for independent Poisson-distributed events in gravitational-wave detectors such as LIGO and Virgo. In these detectors, transient events may be witnessed by myriad channels that record interferometric signals and the surrounding physical environment. We apply our null test to a broad set of simulated gravitational-wave events as well as to a real gravitational-wave detection to determine which auxiliary channels do and do not witness real gravitational waves, and therefore which are safe to use when constructing vetoes. We also describe how our approach can be used to study detector artifacts and their origin, as well as to quantify the statistical independence of candidate gravitational-wave signals from noise artifacts observed in auxiliary channels.


There has been a significant change in the U.S. governments attitude toward family planning and fertility control since the late 1950s. Last year the National Center for Family Planning Services was established the first federal program exclusively established to provide such services. The chief priority of the program is to meet the needs of those women who are not being covered by existing services. There are an estimated 5 million of these women in the U.S. and they are primarily poor. They represent 1 out of 5 women of childbearing age. It is hoped that through coordination of the forces of the federal government OEO and HEW these women will be reached by 1975. Though the U.S. rate of population growth is only 1% a year it effects the quality of life. The most pressing need is for the prevention of unwanted births which accounted for 22% of births on all economic level s between 1960 and 1965. A broad range of health problems arise from the lack of fertility control services and inadequate medical attention which is 1 reason that the U.S. ranks 5th in infant mortality in the world. To provide the necessary services would cost about 50 million dollars a year according to the National Center which has a budget of 22.8 million for 1970 to distribute as subsidies to state and local departments of health and to private corporations in need of funds. In 1971 with funds of 30 million dollars coverage should increase from 440000 women to 600000. The Center has 10 officers of family planning 1 for each regional office of HEW and hopes to increase this to 3 by 1971. The Center is developing programs of training and technical assistance to facilitate administration and management of these programs. Eventually a National Center of Information about Family Planning will be created.


This paper presents a novel optimal utilization of hybrid wind–solar system as dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) for voltage sag, voltage swell, outage and unbalanced voltage mitigation. Besides the voltage regulation, the proposed DVR reduces the energy consumption from the three phase utility grid by utilizing the rated inverter capability after excessive or equal real power generation to the load demand during both day time and night time. It reduces the energy consumption from the three phase utility grid. However, the reduction of energy consumption is always desirable for the reduction of panel tariff and electricity demand. The proposed system was simulated using MATLAB-SIMULINK in which the input parameters were selected from the metrological data of the selected location to validate the advantage of the proposed system.


Technology has developed in the field of electronics, and brought tremendous changes in the day to day life. Advancement of technology, things are becoming simpler and easier day-by-day. Automatic systems are opted over manual system. This paper deals with the INTELLIGENCE OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM (IHAM) which is developed using microcontroller with the ZigBee module wireless and GSM network, technology that control home appliance. The automation centres with recognition of voice commands and uses low power to control all lights and electrical appliances in home or office using HM2007 chip. This paper gives the overall framework of hardware and software designs. Also it explains security system for fire hazards that may occur through smoke sensor or GSM module and it is control by the same controller that send SMS to the user if the smoke is detected.


Modern electrical machines employed in transportation applications are required to provide high performance in terms of power (and torque) density. At the same time, being these applications safety-critical, a significant level of reliability and/or fault tolerance is expected. Among all the factors which can compromise motors reliability, partial discharges inception is one of the most critical, in particular for low voltage, random wound machines. In this paper, the influence of insulation design choices on the performance of a traction electric motor are analysed. The study is based on the Paschen's law for air at sea-level pressure combined with an electrostatic finite element model of the turn-to-turn insulation subsystems, built for determining the electric field. The finite element analysis findings are experimentally validated by detecting the partial discharges inception, on custom-built prototypes.


Previously, we reported the first substrate-selective artificial protease by using myoglobin as the substrate. Target-selective peptide-cleaving catalysts can be used as drugs if the target is a protein or an oligopeptide related to a disease. For example, a peptide-cleaving catalyst specifically recognizing HIV protease and rapidly cleaving it into two pieces can be used as a new drug for AIDS. Since only a catalytic amount of the drug is needed, the drug dosage and the side effects can be reduced by using the peptide-cleaving catalysts. The myoglobin-cleaving catalysts reported previously were designed by attaching a catalytic group to a binding site that recognizes the surface of myoglobin. The Cu(II) or Co(III) complex of cyclen (Cyc) was used as the catalytic group in view of their catalytic activity in peptide hydrolysis. Thus, connection of a catalytic group to a binding site can be considered as a general method for creation of targetselective peptide-cleaving catalysts. The binding site may recognize either a certain portion on the surface of the target protein as in the case of the myoglobin-cleaving catalyst mentioned above or the active site of the target protein. In view of a vast amount of ligand molecules reported to have high affinity toward many disease-related proteins, the known ligand molecules may be utilized as the binding site of the peptide-cleaving catalysts. In this regard, we undertook synthesis of peptide-cleaving catalysts selective for carboxypeptidase A (CPA) by using CPA inhibitors as the binding site of the catalysts. The idea of designing a CPA-selective peptide-cleaving catalyst based on a known CPA inhibitor is illustrated in Scheme 1.


Background Dentin‐bonding systems contain sensitizing acrylates. They are increasingly used in dentistry, but only few cases of allergy have been encountered.


High rate algal pond systems (HRAP) are suitable for the treatment of settled domestic sewage. They combine the advantages of simplicity, low cost and ability to remove BOD-through oxygen produced by algal photosynthesis-and also phosphorus, the rate limiting nutrient in eutrophication of most surface fresh waters (Fallowfield and Garrett, 1985a). Using new research results on the biology and chemistry of the system a special flow pattern was introduced to improve the efficiency of the HRAP waste treatment method.


In an optical disc wherein a plurality of different standard information layers are formed in multilayer in one disc, there has been a problems of requiring much time for making access, since a kind of one information layer is not recorded in other information layer, and at the time of performing reading/writing by a compatible optical device corresponding to the plurality of optical disc standards, the kind of the information layer is required to be read out to select a tracking error signal generating method corresponding to the kind of the information layer each time the accessing information layer is changed. To solve such problem, information of other information layer is recorded in an area of one information layer in an optical disc wherein a plurality of different standard information layers are formed in multilayer. The access time to other information layer can be shortened by selecting the tracking error signal generating method based on the information.


This paper developed a microgrid stability control strategy based on adaptive total sliding-mode control(SMC). A physical microgrid controller had been realized following the developed control strategy with energy storage unit. Analysis of microgrid operating characteristics and mathematical models of the controller according to the operation mode are given at first. As the system is inherently nonlinear, time-variable, the authors employ an adaptive total sliding-mode control(ATSMC) to ensure the stability and dynamics of the microgrid stability controller. The simulation and experimental results illustrate that the ARTSMC system is insensitivity to parametric uncertainty and external disturbances. The fast dynamic response and robust control performance of microgrid stability controller ensure the stable operation of microgrid in both modes. It improves controllability of the exchange power between microgrid and utility network, smooth DG output power while the microgrid working in grid-connected mode, provides voltage and frequency support when the microgrid working in islanding mode, meanwhile it ensure seamless transaction between the two operation modes.