Subgaleal hemorrhage is a rare but serious birth-related adverse event that, when unrecognized, can result with death. It is caused by rupture of the emissary veins, which are connections between the dural sinuses and the scalp veins. Blood accumulates between the epicranial aponeurosis of the scalp and the periosteum. This potential space extends forward to the orbital margins, backward to the nuchal ridge and laterally to the temporal fascia. The incidence rate is reported to be approximately 0.04% in spontaneous delivery and 0.6% in vacuum extraction.Herein we report a subgaleal hemorrhage in a spontaneously vaginally delivered term infant presenting with anemia.


Benjamin Whorf's hypothesis that the ontology a group develops depends upon its language structure is illustrated nicely in the manner in which the data supplied by state and federal agencies have shaped the research efforts of sociologists seeking to unravel delinquency. Not only have these agencies supplied the ammunition with which many of the sociological battles concerning delinquency have been fought, but the manner in which they have unself-consciously grouped their information has also determined to some degree the specific points over which the skirmishes have contended.


The purpose of this research paper is to ensure reliable and continuous communication between the rescue officers and other people during disaster recovery and reconstruction operations. Most of the communication infrastructure gets damaged during the disaster and proper communication cannot be established in the area which leads to longer delays in emergency operations and increased damage to life and property. Various methods proposed to enable communication between the people using wireless ad hoc networks do not guarantee reliable delivery of data with fast moving devices. This paper presents a Reliable Routing Technique (RRT) that ensures reliable data delivery at the destination device even when the people with the mobile devices are moving in the network. We make use of the broadcasting property of the wireless network and create a priority list of probable forwarding candidates at each device. With this technique, RRT ensures that if a forwarder device is unable to forward the data packet due to movement of mobile devices, the next priority candidate forwards the data packet to the destination device, thus ensuring reliability of data delivery in the network. Simulation results show that RRT achieves significant performance improvement with better data delivery in ad hoc networks.


From the writings of early Church Fathers through the twelfth century, Herod the Great was considered an exemplar of arrogance as madness, a role that is expanded in the English cycle plays of the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. In the York, Chester, N-Town, Towneley, and Coventry plays, Herod's keen historical foresight betrays his awareness of the unfolding of Christian eschatology. The predetermined failure of his own actions to prevent the ascendancy of Christ suggest the impotence of a non-Christian future. Herod's performances align deviance with knowledge, reaffirming faith and humility as the governing ethics of Christian epistemology. As a medium through which playwrights develop a kind of vernacular typology, the dramatic Herod testifies to the vitality of cycle drama within the landscape of fifteenth-century vernacular theology in England.


This document presents an efficient screen content coding scheme based on HEVC framework. The major techniques in the scheme includes hash-based large-scale block matching, dictionary mode, palette mode, adaptive color space coding, and several improvements to intra block copy mode. This scheme was submitted as our response to the joint Call for Proposals (CfP) for coding of screen content issued by ISO/IEC JCT1/SC29/WG11, i.e. MPEG and ITU-T Q6/16, i.e. VCEG. Compared with other coding schemes in response to the joint CfP, the proposed scheme shows clearly advantages – 1) It is the only one that shows less encoding time compared with the HEVC reference scheme; 2) it has the best lossless coding performance; 3) it is one of the two best performing schemes in terms of lossy coding. Compared with HM-13.0+RExt-6.0, which is the state-of-art screen content coding system when responding to the joint CfP, the proposed coding scheme for screen content achieves the average bit saving of 20.3% 26.4% for lossy coding. The average bit saving for losslss coding is 15.5% 23.7% for different coding structures.


Abstract : The central issue defining the European security debate concerns the future of Central and Eastern European countries currently outside of any durable military or political security arrangement. Since 1989, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has begun to reexamine its historic role within the context of maintaining the Alliance's historic role. Based upon the 1949 Washington Treaty and the 1967 Harmel Report, members have agreed to "safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization... founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law." NATO has accomplished this goal by adhering to the dual approaches of attempting to settle disputes by political means while maintaining a strong military deterrent. The Atlantic Alliance's raison d'etre into the twenty-first century will hinge upon its ability to take on new missions and new members. There now exists a necessity to "export" NATO's core principles eastward in an attempt to secure the progress of democratic and market reforms. Moreover, security guarantees must be offered to Central and Eastern European states (the Visegrad Four and particularly Poland) because there still exists tangible Eastern risks.


Starting from the one-loop divergences we obtained previously, we work out the renormalization of the Higgs-Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian explicitly and in detail. This includes the renormalization of the lowest-order Lagrangian, as well as the decomposition of the remaining divergences into a complete basis of next-to-leading-order counterterms. We provide the list of the corresponding beta functions. We show how our results match the one-loop renormalization of some of the dimension-6 operators in SMEFT. We further point out differences with related work in the literature and discuss them. As an application of the obtained results, we evaluate the divergences of the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field at one loop and show that they can be appropriately removed by the corresponding renormalization. We also work out the finite renormalization required to keep the no-tadpole condition on the Higgs field at one loop.


The present study proposes an active disturbance rejection sliding mode traction control system to deal with the dramatic change of joint angular acceleration and jitter attributed to non-uniform traction during terminal traction of the manipulator based on the use of human-computer interaction (HCI) device, as well as achieve the high-precision and high-speed terminal traction control. First, the traction trajectory generated by the HCI device is mapped into the motion space of the manipulator, and a low-pass filter is employed to filter out the high-frequency noises attributed to non-uniform traction. Second, the corresponding joint solution of the traction trajectory is solved by using the inverse kinematics algorithm. Then the nonlinear and strongly coupled manipulator is linearly decoupled. Lastly, the effect of non-uniform traction on the manipulator's joints is considered as interference, and an active disturbance rejection sliding mode controller is introduced for each joint. To reduce the chattering, the output torque of the controller is processed with a low-pass filter. The stability of the controller is proved with the Lyapunov method. To verify the traction effect of the traction control system and its anti-interference ability for non-uniform traction, the trajectory tracking experiment with random jitter and the real terminal traction control experiment is performed on the UR5 manipulator in the virtual robot experiment platform. As revealed from the experimentally achieved results, the proposed controller can significantly limit the effect of non-uniform traction on each joint of the manipulator and achieve the fast, stable, and high-precision terminal traction control of the manipulator by the HCI device.


Non-Maxwellian electron velocity distribution functions, computed for Dupree's 1972 model of the solar transition region in a previous paper, are used to calculate ionization rates for ions of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Ionization equilibrium populations for these ions are then computed and compared with similar calculations assuming Maxwellian distribution functions for the electrons. The results show that the ion populations change (compared to the values computed with a Maxwellian) in some cases by several orders of magnitude depending on the ion and its temperature of formation.


Abstract We review Zuboff's book, a vast work of contemporary history, social psychology and political economy. Zuboff argues that a contingent configuration of digital technologies, fuelled by teleological utopianism, has created a rogue capitalism wherein reciprocal relationships (apparently 'organic' to capitalism as such), both within the firm and in society, have been subverted. Subversion is achieved by unilaterally grabbing user data which are algorithmically processed into 'behaviour'. With surveillance technologies gradually embedded in everyday objects, data-grabbing enables a seemingly-self-enhancing tailoring of products even as surveillance imperceptibly morphs into control. But these arguments raise a number of questions. Can data map culture? How has digitization transposed control from production to consumption? How does digital abstraction relate to abstraction through commensuration? How is social ontology transformed by the digitization of the physical medium of life?


ABSTRACT We study polymers functionalised by complexes forming intramolecular linkages. Simulations of chains forming reversible linkages are difficult due to entropic barriers that hamper the sampling of different connectivity states specified by the list of pairs of reacted complexes. We address this problem by devising Monte Carlo (MC) moves that change the connectivity state of the system by regrowing parts of the chain while simultaneously reacting bond-forming complexes. Along with moves that link/unlink pairs of complexes, we develop two types of bond-exchange moves. We use these algorithms to study self-assembly of single chain polymeric nanoparticles. When considering monofunctional precursors, we find branched and linear nanoparticle morphologies dominated by long and short intramolecular loops, respectively, along with hierarchical structures in which complexes belonging to different loops are cross-linked. In the strong association limit, equilibrium structures are only reached when using bond-exchange MC moves. We also consider bifunctional precursors in which two different types of complexes decorate the two halves of the chain. We find different types of morphologies featuring different amounts of linkages between complexes of different types. Such findings corroborate our method as a valuable tool to design and predict self-assembly of functional polymers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


With rapid economic and social development in recent years, the security and safety of water supply has been increasingly becoming a severe problem in Dongguan, Guangdong Province. Large-scale salt water intrusion in the low flow season of 2004-2005 influenced the water intakes along the rivers, resulting in excessive salinity in several water plants and even water supply failures in Dongguan City. It has had negative effects on the living conditions of the local people and the secondary and tertiary industry of the City. In this paper, characteristics of the local water resources and those from the upstream region are analysed to identify and discuss major problems in the development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources. Measures for development in water sources area, building of a water-saving society and pollution control are proposed with the aim of placing socio-economic development in Dongguan on a sustainable track.


Use of secondary fuels for power production, such as animal and agricultural wastes, is becoming important nowadays, in view of the declining reserves of fossil fuels. Fluidized bed furnaces offer many advantages, such as fuel flexibility, high efficiency and low pollutant emissions. However, bottom or fly ashes produced from these appliances may create technical and environmental problems. In this study, agricultural wastes from the island of Crete (S. Europe) were co-fired in a fluid bed unit and bottom and fly ashes were characterized by mineralogical and chemical analyses. The effect of ash materials on system's performance, as well as their environmental impact and valorization were assessed. The results showed that all ashes were enriched in Ca, Si, Mg, P, K. These elements were principally associated with calcite, anhydrite, quartz, dolomite, hydroxyapatite, fairchildite and arcanite minerals. Animal waste ashes contained whitlockite, calcium sodium phosphate and epsonite. Combustion of animal manure above 1000°C could lead to deposition problems in furnaces. Heavy metals Cu, Zn, Mn and Sr dominated in fly ashes. Toxic elements leached through alkaline soil of phyllitic and quarzitic nature were below legislation limits for land disposal. All ashes could be used for soil amelioration, liming or possibly fertilization.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on foaming properties of egg white. The samples were sonicated at 20/40 kHz and 180/300 W equipment power (3.7/6.9 W absorbed power) for 30, 45 and 60 minutes. Foam capacity had been increased by 25% due to sonication at 40 kHz and 6.9 W absorbed power for 60 minutes. This phenomenon may be caused by the homogenisation effect of ultrasound and protein exposure of hydrophobic groups that improve the adsorption of protein onto the air/water interfacial molecules. It is found that frequency and duration of the treatment have no significant impact on the changes in foam capacity, only the absorbed power. On the other hand, foam stability had been decreased during the ultrasonic treatment. We can assume that sonication decreases the potential difference between the dispersed particles and the dispersion medium and this may be the cause of the collapse of the foam structure due to ultrasound treatment. In this case frequency, treatment time, and the absorbed power had a significant effect on the stability.


In this work we introduce compact models for both MOS and bipolar transistors used in an advanced smart power technology Deriving the topology of the model on the basis of physical structure and layout geometries we guarantee both physical meaning to model parameters an easy parameters extraction procedure and a similar model structure for parasitic components The models correctly pre dict in uence of parasitic couplings between each component and the collector of the power device showing good agreement with experi mental data


Observation of the ion resonance instability in a pure electron plasma trap contaminated with a small population of ions is reported. The ion population is maintained by ionization of the background gas. The instability causes the plasma to move steadily off-center while undergoing [ital l]=1 diocotron oscillations. The observed scaling of the maximum growth point is presented, and the growth rate and its dependence on ion density are discussed. Several aspects of the observed behavior are not in agreement with previous theory but derive from the transitory nature of the ion population.


Different from other educational policies, the formation of the policy system of quality education in our country has its special characteristics, which, on the one hand, reflect some problems existing in the process of stipulating quality educational policies, and on the other hand have initiated a series of problems in the quality educational policy system and content. Therefore, we should make some adjustments to the quality education policies and at the same time endeavor to improve the quality educational policy system.


This work is particularly interesting for both its anesthesiologic and oncologic impacts. 1. During laparoendoscopy, carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation into peritoneal (and extraperitoneal) cavities produces a wide range of pathophysiological hemodynamic changes. Vigilance in monitoring and diligence in management are essential to prevent complications because CO2 absorption may lead to hypercapnia and acidosis.


Connecting the electric grid to rural and remote areas is very uneconomical to carry out. Moreover, the utility network is not designed to fulfill the growing needs of the population and may be destabilized by new consumers. Therefore, it is more economical to electrify those areas with a micro-grid by means of existing renewable energy sources available locally. The micro-grid configuration represents the energy distribution architecture from the producing sites to consumers and eventually the interconnection between several sites and some consumers. The study of such a matrix configuration is realized using simulation tools and has to be considered from the system level with economical matters in addition to the technical aspects. As for the optimization of a hybrid micro-grid system, several models have been built to simulate and optimize hybrid systems. In this work, a quasi-dynamic model of hybrid micro-grid energy system was built use HOMER software based on a typical local household load. The optimized result was obtained under local solar/wind resources data and renewable fraction constrains. Malaysia tropical weather which has abundant solar irradiation and rich wind resource which is suitable to build a renewable energy system for most the under electrified area. According to the structure and the voltage output characteristics of the photo-voltaic array and solar panels, the framework the PV energy system simulation model is carried out. In this model, the perturb and observation method is applied to track the maximum point of the PV array power. Then the oriented vector control methods are implemented to achieve the dual closed-loop control for DC voltage and AC current, and connected to the utility grid by a three-phase PWM voltage inverter. In a real environment, the PV array temperature and solar irradiation are changing, and this has to be considered in the simulation. Since the PV energy system cannot store the excess energy, the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery are also studied and simulated. The battery storage can contribute to the stability of the PV energy system. The dynamic model of the proposed hybrid micro-grid was built in Matlab Simulink software, simulation on both grid connected operation and stand-alone operations are conducted. The series of data gained from this simulation can be a support for the real practical system, which have certain practical value.


Eye vision testing has become a common healthcare issue in this modern era. However, such checkup from an expert can be time consuming and tedious for people especially in the developing countries with scarce healthcare facilities. So a software based eye-vision testing system is presented here which is inexpensive and mobile. It can be used as an initial screening tool for those with eyesight problems. A speech recognition based program is proposed here, where a predetermined distance between the display and the user's eye is initialized. Then letters are displayed sequentially in a random order and descending size until a mismatch occurs between the utterance of the user and actual letter displayed. At this stage, the size of the letter is taken as eye limit and a pre-trained mathematical model is used to provide the eye lens power as output for adjustment. Experimental results show satisfactory accuracy. Such a solution could have significant impact to the lives of people from various underprivileged communities with by providing them a useful and easy means of regular preliminary screening of their eyesight.


In the early period of secondary school in China,there seems to be a trend to lower grades in their English study as the students are increasingly up graded. This phenomenon is no accident. The teachers are required to master a variety of affective methods to arouse and maintain students vigorous desire to learn and continuous interest in English study, Only in this way can students bravely face up to any possible difficulties in the course of learning English,and eventually fulfil the essencial consolidation and improvement of their English achievements.


Recently advances in ASR and big data technologies drive more personalized services in many areas of services. A speaker adaptation is one good example which requires huge computation cost in creating a personalized acoustic model and corresponding language model over hundreds millions of Samsung product users. We propose a personalized and scalable ASR system powered by the big data infrastructure which brings data-driven personalized opportunities to voice-enabled services such as voice-to-text transcriber, voice-enabled web search in a peta bytes scale. We verify the feasibility of speaker adaptation based on 107 testers' recordings and obtain about 10% of recognition accuracy. We study an optimal set of execution environments by executing jobs running either on Hadoop 1 (59 machines) or Hadoop 2 (15 machines) cluster, and move forward performance optimization strategies: workflow compaction, file compression, best file system selection among several distributed file systems. We devise a metric for the cost of personalized model creation to compare the efficiency of one cluster with the other cluster, and it provides the estimated total execution time for the given number of machines. We finally introduce our in-house object storage and data storage design, and their high performance compared to state-of-the art systems, optimized for voice-enabled services to effectively support small and large files (1KB-100KB for speech files, 10MB for a language model, 30MB for an acoustic model).


By 2010, college enrollments are expected to increase by one-third, yet this growth happens at a time when colleges and universities are faced with limited or reduced funding [1]. The result is a demand for cost-effective methods of instruction like distance learning [2]. But to be successful in a distance learning environment, students must not only be self-disciplined but also have effective learning skills [3]. What learning skills do the students need and how can they acquire them? This article examines the learning and study strategies of in-class and distance learners. It indicates the skills they need and the skills they have. It also suggests sources and methods of how they might acquire the skills they lack.


Images of chemical structures abound in the literature, and we use different formats to explain different features of the molecules in question. Recent advances in atomic force microscopy (AFM), using a carbon monoxide terminated tips have brought about a spectacular enhancement in the resolution attainable.1 It is now feasible to distinguish chemical features such as atoms, bond lengths and bond angles at the Angstrom scale. The images observed are very close to textbook stick structures and we postulated that this might be useful to assist organic structure determination. To test the possibility of using this technique for this purpose, we used a planar molecule to obtain NMR and AFM data and assembled the substructures guided by the AFM image (Figure 1).2 Two solutions were deemed possible, and one was excluded based on density functional theory calculations leaving only one structure remaining. More recent studies have dealt with non-planar structures as well as the combined use of NMR, AFM and computer assisted structure elucidation to solve structures. The presentation will include the amount of material needed to perform such studies as well as the current limitations of the method. Finally, prospects for the future will be discussed for the integration of AFM into the structure determination armoury. Figure 1. Substructure assembly guided by atomic force images to derive a unique solution. References: The chemical structure of a molecule resolved by atomic force microscopy. Leo Gross, Fabian Mohn, Nikolaj Moll, Peter Liljeroth, Gerhard Meyer, Science, 2009, 325, 1110 Organic structure determination using atomic resolution scanning probe microscopy. Leo Gross, Fabian Mohn, Nikolaj Moll, Gerhard Meyer, Rainer Ebel, Wael M. Abdel-Mageed and Marcel Jaspars, Nature Chemistry, 2010, 2, 821–825


In the presence of metallic states, deposition-generated midgap levels at the semiconductor surface evolve into resonances that accommodate the fractional charge density that ultimately determines the Fermi level and hence the Schottky-barrier height. This concept is applied to calculate both the barrier heights of GaAs for nonalloyed metal-semiconductor interfaces, and the index-of-interface behavior for 15 tetrahedrally coordinated semiconductors.


In the course of a series of investigations designed for the purpose of establishing the path of absorption of botulinus toxin in guinea pigs, a number of animals were kept under ether for the purpose of surgical manipulation. It was observed that in such animals death following the introduction of toxin was greatly delayed. Whereas normal guinea pigs of 350 grams given 50,000 minimal lethal doses 1 of botulinus toxin intraperitoneally show symptoms of dyspnea in one hour and invariably die in about two hours, guinea pigs similarly injected but put under ether anesthesia for two hours as soon as dyspnea occurs (i.e., one hour after the injection of toxin) will survive for four hours and by prolonging the period of anesthesia, the life of the animals can be correspondingly prolonged. We thought that advantage could be taken of this delay in the rate of the progress of the intoxication under ether anesthesia to permit toxin antitoxin combination to take place. Two series of guinea pigs were given 50,000 minimal lethal doses of botulinus toxin per os. Guinea pigs thus fed show first symptoms of intoxication in about six hours and die in about twelve hours. After six hours the first series received antitoxin intravenously while the second series was given antitoxin in a similar manner but at the same time put under ether anesthesia which was continued for two hours. The pigs in the first series died in eighteen hours while those in the second series survived. Further experiments are being carried out which attempt to gain an insight into the nature of the phenomenon, how far it can be applied with relation to other toxins and the effect of other anesthetics.


Extension services plays an important role in the development of aquaculture. Present study assessed the status of aquaculture extension services in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study examined the socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers (specifically managers and owners of fish farms), the respondent's assessment of extension services available to them and their general expectation from extension workers. Fifty farms were selected for this study, with either the farm owner or manager being the respondent. The findings of the study indicate that a large number of the respondents (48%) find the extension services unavailable. The farmers prioritize feed preparation and production as their top most need. The study concludes that although the extension service is not available to a large number of farmers (48%), the socio-economic characteristics of farmers indicates that new technologies are likely to be accepted at a higher rate by the farmers. The best of extension services could be achieved through public-private partnership as the aquaculture farmers seems to have great appetite and trust in them.


This study aims at proposing a design educational model at fundamental level. Nowadays, domestic design school system faces both global challenge and requirements, and needs to enforce fundamental level education contents. This proposed model needs to involve more medium such as computer, photo, physical model-making to encourage students adaptability to more sophisticated design class. We expect to find a strong need on an integrated education system among related courses of design studio, structure class, computer class and presentation method class, to empower fundamental design education. Also, practice-centered course is necessary to draw students' energetic participation as well as their interest in design. The difficulty and confusion which might occur in a theory class could be lessen with this proposed class model with using more active design research and practice.


The advocacy coalition framework (AC) explains policy stability The policy entrepreneurship model (PE) explains dynamic policy change. Thus, augmenting the AC with insights from the PE provides a method of explaining a common empirical phenomenon: policy stability punctuated by dynamic policy change. This analytical strategy could be used to explore stability and change in many policy arenas. Here, we use it to interpret the background lo and dynamics of recent education policy reform in Michigan.


ABSTRACT This study examines the extent to which perceptions of partner violence are influenced by aggressor gender and masculinity/femininity, and victim gender. Participants evaluated a case scenario depicting domestic assault. Results found charges were significantly higher and sentences significantly longer when the victim was female. Masculine aggressors were more likely to be perceived as having threatened bodily injury and as having initiated the assault compared to feminine aggressors. Masculine aggressors in heterosexual relationships were more likely to be identified as having initiated an assault compared to feminine aggressors in heterosexual relationships or individuals in same-sex relationships.


I specialize in microeconomic theory and behavioral economics. I have recently studied the implications of multi-agent learning in settings with populations of rational or behavioral learners. My investigation of behavioral learning focuses on the interaction between behavioral biases and features of learning environment, while my research on rational learning centers around the implications of non-equilibrium learning for equilibrium refinements. An emphasis on the dynamics of learning unifies both areas of my work. My job-market paper [1] studies the endogenous learning dynamics of people who expect systematic reversals from sequential random events, a bias known as the "gambler's fallacy." Biased agents act one at a time, facing the same optimal-stopping problem in turn. For concreteness, think of HR managers conducting sequential interviews before hiring a candidate. Agents are uncertain about the problem's draw-generating distribution (e.g. the distribution of talent in the labor pool) and must use their predecessors' histories (e.g. senior managers' recruiting experience) to learn parameters of this distribution. Agents rationally stop when early draws are deemed "good enough" (e.g. when early candidates are strong). This directional censoring effect implies that predecessors' histories contain negative streaks but not positive streaks. In accordance with the gambler's fallacy, biased learners understate the likelihood of consecutive below-average draws. Asymmetrically censored data therefore cause over-pessimistic inference about the distribution's mean and lead to stopping too early. The interaction between the statistical bias and data censoring is essential for mislearning — agents would learn correctly if either obstacle was removed. The severity of data censoring is also endogenous, as it depends on the predecessors' stopping strategies (i.e. thresholds for "good enough"). When agents act in large generations, a positive-feedback loop between distorted beliefs and distorted stopping strategies drives deterministic generational learning dynamics. If the present generation lowers its acceptance thresholds, future learners will become more surprised by the lack of positive reversals in the present generation's histories, leading to more pessimistic inferences and even lower future acceptance thresholds. My joint work with Krishna Dasaratha [2] considers a different behavioral bias in the context of sequential social learning. Agents live in a social network and act one at a time, making guesses about a state of the world based on: (i) the guesses of network neighbors who acted before, and (ii) their own private signals. Agents exhibit inferential naiveté, wrongly believing that their neighbors acted solely on private information. We show that almost all networks lead to imperfect learning for naive agents, then examine how different network structures lead to differentially inefficient outcomes through their interactions with the bias. To do this, we go beyond existing results and compute the exact probability of correct learning on a given network. The probability of correct learning is lower on denser networks. We confirm this prediction using an experiment, finding that people's accuracy gain from learning is twice as large on sparser networks. In partially segregated networks, divergent early signals can lead to persistent disagreement between groups — a common empirical phenomenon that is difficult to reconcile with rational models of social learning. In the area of rational multi-agent learning, I have completed a cluster of interrelated projects on the refinement implications of learning-in-games, coauthored with Drew Fudenberg. Based on the idea


Problems of unsteady gas-liquid flows in wellbores with phase transitions are common for hydrocarbon production and well drilling. Typically, flow in wellbores is sufficiently fast which requires taking into account the non-equilibrium nature of phase transitions. The set of equations describing conservation of mass for components and momentum conservation for the mixture is supplemented by the relaxation equation for concentration of gas dissolved in the liquid. It is known that the characteristic times of gas evolution from the liquid and gas dissolution in the liquid differ significantly and depend on fluid properties, thermobaric conditions, and the flow pattern. Therefore, obtaining estimates of relaxation times for real flows turns to be a difficult problem. In this study, we propose a method for estimating the characteristic relaxation times for gas evolution and dissolution during the gas-liquid flow in a well. The method combines the solution of the convective diffusion equation for the growth/collapse of a vapor bubble in a liquid with the current parameters of the gas-liquid flow. Estimates of the relaxation times for the bubbly flow (small bubbles, gas evolution predominates) and slug flow (large bubbles, dissolution predominates), as functions of time from the beginning of the process, are obtained for the parameters of a real flow in a wellbore. It is shown that the obtained dependencies are consistent with the typical scaling of the diffusion process with respect to the size of bubbles. The results are important for mathematical simulation of gas-liquid flows in wellbores during hydrocarbon production, as well as for calculation of the gas-kick process during well drilling with oil-based muds.


Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for allocating resources among user elements. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include receiving, at a base station, information from a user element. The information may include at least one bit representing whether direct transmissions between pairs of user elements cause interference to the user element. The base station may schedule, based on the received information, the user element into at least one of a first subframe, when the received information indicates a risk of interference from the direct transmissions between the pairs of user elements, and into a second subframe, when the received information indicates no risk of interference from the direct transmissions between the pairs of user elements. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.


World fisheries are characterized by ecological, economic and social costs which are not taken into account by current market mechanisms. However the sustainability of ecosystems and fishing activities depends on their taking into account in order to take the most suitable management decisions. Based on the consilience concept, the European research program in co-operation ECOST develops an integrative approach of the various costs generated by fishing activities as well as public policies. This model is suitable for helping decision-makers to realise the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation. The market economy society, the majority of goods and services are affected by a price. This price is used as a signal to producers and consumers and allows them to adjust their behaviour. It is an indicator of relative scarcity under conditions of current and anticipated supply and demand. The resources offered by oceans and nature in general are out of the market: fauna and wild flora, water, air, ecosystems, etc. They don't have any visible value indicator. Without a price indicating the importance of the sacrifices made in order to obtain or conserve them, economics agents have the tendency to consider that the price is zero. There are innumerable cases where natural assets have been sacrificed because of the non-integration of their intrinsic value into economic calculations. The absence of price for certain type of goods and services is mainly due to the fact that 1-they are shared in common and are de facto indivisible (their individual appropriation is not possible; 2-they don't have any direct production cost (they have been built without human intervention); 3-they are submitted to a high level of externalities: someone's uses affect other peoples' uses of the same or different goods or services. All these aspects explain why a market for such resources has not been developed yet and why a collective action based on scarcity indicators and missing exchange values is difficult to implement.


We propose an analysis of stacked mechanical resonator designs in terms of microwave network approach. The application to electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) is achieved where we have priviliged the fundamental impedance transformation equation on transmission line relating the impedance at any point of the line to that at an other point of the line. From this systematic procedure applied to a quartz crystal with simultaneous mass loading and liquid loading we have derived the impedance expression and the near-series-resonance characteristics of the loaded crystal resonator by means of a multilayer model. The effect of thickness of a mass layer and of a contacting Newtonian liquid on real and imaginary parts of impedance is predicted for several deposited materials. A lumped equivalent circuit is obtained from this formulation and the proposed results are compared with recently published experiments. The analysis presented in the familiar context of distributed circuit theory make the formulation and the physical interpretation of various scattering problems easier


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the electrical loss of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor driven by the pulse‐width modulation (PWM) inverter with various carrier frequencies quantitatively.Design/methodology/approach – An IPM motor driven by the PWM inverter was simulated using the three‐dimensional finite‐element method while changing various carrier frequencies of the PWM inverter. The calculated results are compared with the calculated results differing the number of permanent magnet division.Findings – The eddy current loss in the permanent magnets decreases as the carrier frequency increases. In the case of low‐carrier frequency, the eddy current loss greatly decreases as the number of permanent magnet division increases. However, the effect of the eddy current loss decreases by the number of permanent magnet division as the carrier frequency increases.Originality/value – The paper describes the electrical loss of an IPM motor driven by the PWM inverter with various carrier f...


Parque Estadual do Juquery is the largest protected remnant of savanna grassland in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo (MRSP). We conducted a floristic inventory and created a photographic record of the angiosperm flora of the savanna formations in this area and compared it with those of other Cerrado sites using Jaccard's similarity index. We present a list with 366 species, distributed in 58 botanical families. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the families with the highest species richness. Eighty-six new occurrences were recorded in the park. According to the Sao Paulo state Red List, 14 species are threatened by extinction, of which four are presumably extinct. Most species are herbaceous (36.0%) and sub-shrub plants (26.5%). No floristic similarity was observed with other savanna formations in the countryside of the state of Sao Paulo. Our results emphasize the importance of the Parque Estadual do Juquery for the conservation of savanna grassland formations in the MRSP and the protection of locally endangered species.


Background: Low back pain has been a matter of concern affecting upto 90% of the population at some point in their lifetime, upto 50% have more than one episode. One of the factors leading to non-specific low back pain among software professionals is prolonged sitting. PNF techniques is used to treat nonspecific low back pain cases. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program(PNF) and swiss ball exercises on non-specific low back ache patients among software professionals. Materials and methods: 40 subjects aged 18-35 years with nonspecific low back pain among software professionals were included in the study and were divided into two groups group A (n=20) received PNF techniques and group B(n=20) received swiss ball exercises. The exercise program was given with a total period of 4 weeks. The outcome measures used were Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire & Functional Reach Test. Results: Results showed that there is a significant improvement in pain, disability and flexibility in group A patients who received PNF techniques than group B. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the patients with non-specific low back pain are benefitted more by PNF techniques than swiss ball exercises. So, PNF technique training has more benefits and reduces the pain when compared to the other conventional physiotherapy in the management of non-specific low back ache patients.


Lauric acid (LA) is an additive used in ruminant's diet with the purpose of mitigating the methane effect. However, the presence of a certain amount of LA in the rumen can cause a reduction in the microbial population and ruminal metabolic processes, such as the biohydrogenation. This study aimed evaluate the effect of the LA inclusion in the diet of Nellore on the fatty acids profile of the meat. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls were used with an average age of 24-months. The animals were individually fed with a total mixed ration with 40% of roughage (Cynodon sp. hay) and 60% of concentrated mix, composed with ground corn, soybean meal, urea, mineral premix and LA in 0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5% of inclusion in the total diet dry matter basis. Those amounts constituted the treatments. At the end of the trial, the animals were slaughtered and the meat was stored at -21oC, before analyses. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and eight replications. The data were submitted to regression analysis, and significance was declared when P < 0.05. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the inclusion of LA in the sum of saturated fatty acids (∑SAF=43.45±1.55), monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA=41.9±0.29), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA=12.25±1.40). The inclusion of LA in the diets also did not affect the sum of omega-3 fatty acids (∑ n-3=1.05±0.22), omega-6 fatty acids (∑ n-6=3.02±0.49, and the reason n-6: n-3 (2.91±0.12). The atherogenicity (0.65±0.05) and trombogenicity (1.47±0.10) indexes, important indexes to predict heart coronary diseases risk, were not affected by the inclusion of LA in the diet of the animals. The results suggest that LA can be included up to 1.5% (DM basis of total diet) in the diets of Nellore without causing any significant changes in the fatty acids profile of the meat.


The present invention provides a folding mobile phone, the function starting method and a program, the folding mobile phone according to an arbitrary angle in a housing of the mobile terminal apparatus body into an open state of the device, to start the predetermined function previously set. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a mobile terminal apparatus includes a housing including a first housing and a second comprising: function setting means, each inclination of a body of a predetermined function of the mobile terminal device is associated, and the pre-set said predetermined function; open / closed state detection unit, is operated for any one of said first housing and said second housing and into an open state or closed state is detected; inclination detecting means, when the opening / closing state inclination detecting the open state when detecting the body of the mobile terminal device detecting unit; and a function starting unit, based on the inclination detected by the inclination detecting means to a predetermined start by the function setting unit is set in advance Features.


In order to identify organizational differences between sterile Polima (pol) and fertile Campestris (cam) mitochondrial genomes that could be linked to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), the physical map of the pol mitochondrial genome was constructed and compared to the physical map of the cam mitochondrial genome. The only structural differences between the two genomes are confined to a region encompassed by a 4.5 kb segment, present in pol mtDNA but absent in cam mtDNA. This 4.5 kb CMS-associated pol segment contains a chimeric gene called orf224 that is cotranscribed with atpG and comprises the single mtDNA region expressed differently in fertile, sterile and fertility restored plants which makes it a good candidate for specifying the sterility trait. Sequence analysis of the pol 4.5 kb segment has shown that orf224 was the only significant open reading frame (ORF) within the segment that gives rise to abundant transcripts, strengthening the view that the orf224/atp6 gene region is conferring pol male sterility. The pol 4.5 kb segment is also present and similarly organized in the common Brassica napus nap mtDNA but the sequences flanking the two segments are unrelated. Thus, the 4.5 kb segment appears to have transposed during the evolution of the pol and nap mitochondrial genomes and appears to have been lost in the cam mitochondrial genome. Sequence analysis of the nap segment revealed the presence of an ORF related to but divergent from orf224. This open reading frame (orf222) potentially encodes a protein of 222 amino-acids with 79% homology to the predicted product of orf224. orf222 is co-transcribed with the third exon of the trans-spliced gene, nad5, and another ORF of unknown function. Expression of the orf222 gene region is tightly associated with nap CMS since the levels of orf222 transcripts are significantly reduced upon restoration while the expression of 22 other mitochondrial genes do not consistently correlate with nap CMS. Antibodies were rai


Particle suspension is an important consideration in stirred tanks. To date, the most used methodology to evaluate the solid suspension has largely relied on human visual observation. This method implies potentially high errors on the measurements and it is influenced by human subjectivity. In this study, a new quantitative methodology for particle suspension assessment is presented. A new parameter, f mov/tot , is introduced to evaluate the minimum speed required to just suspend solids (N js ). This methodology has been tested to investigate the impact of impeller clearance on N JS in a flat baffled vessel when using a radial flow Rushton turbine. Flow patterns and power numbers obtained experimentally and computationally are also used to support the suspension findings. Results show that the image analysis method is an appropriate method for determining N js . Lowering the impeller clearance reduces the speed required for particle suspension with a change of flow pattern from a radial discharge with two loops to a single loop scouring the vessel base. The power number also falls markedly at the two-to-one loop transition as does the strain rate near the base. Overall, it is concluded that this new methodology allows objective measurements for the characterization of particle suspension.


This study investigates, by means of numerical simulation, coupled gravity and capillarity-driven thermoconvection of a fluid layer heated from below (Be´nard-Marangoni convection), close to the threshold and in small aspect ratio containers. First, we present a broad validation of the numerical model we have developed onto widely recognized results available from experimental, theoretical, and numerical fields. Furthermore, we report the numerical results we have obtained in analyzing the dependence on the convective cell pattern of the container shape. In the smallest aspect ratio range only a few cells can develop, so the convective patterns mainly depend on the aspect ratio and the shape of the container, but no major transient evolution can be observed. On the other hand, larger aspect ratio containers allow a comparatively large number of cells to develop. The shape of the container plays a significant part in the transient stage until the stationary pattern is attained, in which hexagonal cells prevail at the core surrounded by a row of predominantly pentagonal cells.


Zirconium and hafnium fluoro complexes with mixed alkali metal cations MRb 4 Zr(Hf) 3 F 1 5 .2HF (M = Li, Na) have been synthesized and studied for the first time. The compounds crystallize in the monoclinic system. The unit cell parameters have been determined. The IR spectra for the fluoro complexes in the range 4000-350 cm - 1 have been recorded and interpreted.


Exploring various topological states (TS) and topological phase transitions (TPT) has attracted great attention in condensed matter physics. However, so far, there is rarely a typical material system that can be used as a platform to study the TS and TPT as the system transforms from one-dimensional (1D) nanoribbons to two-dimensional (2D) sheet then to three-dimensional (3D) bulk. Here, we first propose that some typical TS in 1D, 2D, and 3D systems can be realized in a tight-binding (TB) model. Following the TB model and further based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, we demonstrate that the structurally stable (4,0) carbon nanotube derivatives are an ideal platform to explore the semiconductor/nodal-point semimetal states in 1D nanoribbons [1D-(4,0)-C16H4 and 1D-(4,0)-C32H4], nodal-ring semimetal state in 2D sheet [2D-(4,0)-C16], and nodal-cage semimetal state in 3D bulk [3D-(4,0)-C16]. Furthermore, we calculate the characteristic band structures and the edge/surface states of 2D-(4,0)-C16 and 3D-(4,0)-C16 to confirm their nontrivial topological properties. Our work not only provides new excellent 2D and 3D members for the topological carbon material family, but also serves as an ideal template for the study of TS and TPT with the change of system dimension.


In this paper, we will analyse the legal regimes of abortion, in different period of times and in different countries, as we try to reveal the influence of a certain legal regime of abortion in people's lives, as well as at social and legal level. Unlike other aspects closely connected to humans, the abortion issue has known a very wide range of legal regimes. In ancient times, people tolerated abortion, and sometimes considered that abortion was necessary. The rise of Christianity has brought the idea that the fetus must be valued, therefore abortion was banned. The 20 th century knows the emergence of some social and ideological movements, such as feminism, which claimed that the regime of abortion must be liberalized. These movements, along with the change of social mentalities, have lead to the liberalization of abortion. The landmark of the liberalization of abortion in western societies is thought to be the decision ruled by the Supreme Court of the United States of America in the case Roe v. Wade, in 1973. Since then, many states adopted a liberal regime of abortion. As regards the social consequences of the different ways to regulate abortion, it was proved that a severe prohibition of abortion leads to an increased number of illegal abortions, often with negative consequences on the pregnant women. Due to this fact, we believe that the liberal regime of abortion is the right choice, because it offers real solutions to people's problems concerning abortion.


Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors were initially developed, then received regulatory approval and were subsequently widely marketed to achieve effective pain relief in patients with inflammatory conditions while decreasing gastrointestinal complications. Gastrointestinal symptoms as well as signs had been a major concern with the use of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Individual clinical judgements about the prescription of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for relief of pain from inflammatory arthritis should not be limited to risks of cardiovascular disease but should also consider gastrointestinal complications, symptoms as well as signs, and other benefits which include, but are not limited to improvements in quality of life resulting from decreases in pain or impairment from musculoskeletal pain syndromes.


Objective It is to study the clinical effect of acupuncture pick a date to get involved combine with electrotherapy on peripheral facial neuritis in order to increase the clinical recovery rate of peripheral facial neuritis. Methods Acupuncture pick a date to get involved combined with electrotherapy was adopted to treat peripheral facial neuritis. Curative effects in randomly divided groups (75 cases in treatment group, 50 cases in control group) were observed. Results There were very significant differences between curative ratio and effective ratio in two groups ( P 0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture pick a date to get involved in comprehensive therapeutics has obvious curative effect, quick instauration, without sequelae and can shorten treatment course.


This paper is the second contribution to the taxonomy and faunistics of the subfamily Rhaphidophorinae in China. Six new species are described and illustrated from China. A key and distribution maps of known Rhaphidophorinae from China are provided.


Investigations of standing stock of phytoplankton(chlorophyll a) and primary productivity were carried out in Sections BR,NB and BS in the Bering Sea between 53°16.8′~66°00′N and 170°00′E~167°30′W during the 3nd Chinese arctic research expedition in July 2008.The size-fractionated chlorophyll a concentration and primary productivity were determined at some surveyed stations.The results show that the chlorophyll a concentration and the primary productivity appear obviously to be areal characteristics.The surface chlorophyll a concentration is 0.190~0.976 μg/dm3,and the average value is 0.442 μg/dm3 in the transect of BR.And the surface chlorophyll a concentration is 0.142~22.405 μg/dm3(the average value is 2.077 μg/dm3) in the continental shelf zone.The chlorophyll a concentration in the transect BR is lower than that in the transects NB and BS.The chlorophyll a concentration above the depth 50 m is higher than that below the depth 50 m,The maximum concentrations appear in the depth 30~40 m.The potential primary productivities(C) vary from 0.173 to 0.918 mg/(m3·h) in the surveyed area,with the average rate of 0.50 mg/(m3·h).The primary productivity in the continental shelf zone is much higher than that of the deep water zone.The assimilation index of photosynthesis is 0.29~1.03 mg/(mg·h) in the surveyed area,with the average rate of 0.74 mg/(mg·h).The results of the size-fractionated chlorophyll a and the primary productivity show that the nanoplankton and picoplankton account for 45.08% of the majority of the total chlorophyll a and 69.48% of total primary productivity in the surveyed area.The contributions of the microplankton to the total chlorophyll a and primary productivity are 54.92% and 30.52%,respectively.The nanoplankton and picoplankton play an important role in the ecosystem of the surveyed area.


Commitment to change on middle managers was assumed to be an important factor that supported the success of the implementation of the organizational change plan. Based on the social exchange theory, commitment to change on middle managers could develop with a reciprocal relation between the organization and the middle managers. This research aimed to test the participation of middle managers on the commitment to organizational change with perceived organizational support as the mediator. Participation in the period of change was an exchangeable resource, while perceived organizational support was an indicator of the quality of the relationship between the middle managers and the organization. Research data were obtained from 227 middle managers on one of the government organizations in Indonesia which was in a period of change. Research results showed that perceived organizational support could have the role as a partial mediator between participation in period of change with commitment to change. Perceived organizational support and participation in period of change would increase the affective and normative commitment to change, while decreasing the continuous commitment to change. This research result could contribute practically and theoretically in the understanding and discussion regarding the role of middle managers in organizational change.


Lumbal faset joint pain is a common cause of low back pain. The incidence is increasing with age. The prevalence of faset joint pain is 27-40% of chronic low back pain. Faset joint osteoarthritis is the most common etiology of faset pain. History taking and physical examination can suspect a faset pain but cannot determine the cause of pain originating from the faset joint. Therefore, the diagnosis of faset joint pain can also be confirmed if there is improvement after faset joint injection (FJI). FJI is a pain intervention management by injecting local anesthetics and steroids in the faset joints under fluoroscopy or ultrasonography guided. This treatment is relatively has relatively minimal side effects compared to other intraspinal injection techniques because it only injects directly into the faset joint through the paraspinal muscles.


The problem of prevention and early diagnosis of preeclampsia continues to be one of the leading in obstetrics. It`s a major problem that contributes substantially to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide . Gene expression contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of placental diseases. Traditional methods of studying gene expression are based on the search of differentially expressed genes in a disease, but this approach considers genes in isolation. Coexpression analysis describes the genes involved in the unified biological pathways of the pathological process and also allows you to select in each of the clusters the most functionally significant gene in the network - the hub gene.


Mesenteric fibromatosis, or intra-abdominal desmoid tumor, is a rare proliferative disease affecting the mesentery that can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It is a locally aggressive tumor that lacks metastatic potential but often recurs locally. Mesenteric fibromatosis with intestinal involvement can be easily confused with other primary gastrointestinal tumors, especially with that of the mesenchymal origin. We report a case of a 46-year-old male with no significant medical or surgical history, complaining of left side abdominal pain and fever for 3 days. The patient was thoroughly investigated and contrast-enhanced CT abdomen revealed a well-defined mass over the left upper abdomen near the splenic flexure. Exploratory laparotomy was underwent and a mass measuring 5.6 cm in diameter arising from the descending mesocolon was identified. Complete removal was accomplished with no need of small bowel or colon resection. Histopathological examination showed mesenteric fibromatosis. Postoperatively, patient was well and 3-month followup showed normal recovery.


Midline shift (MLS), the amount of displacement of the brain's midline from its normal symmetric position due to illness or injury, is an important index for clinicians to assess the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
In this dissertation, an automated computer-aided midline shift estimation system is proposed. First, a CT slice selection algorithm (SSA) is designed to automatically select a subset of appropriate CT slices from a large number of raw images for MLS detection. Next, ideal midline detection is implemented based on skull bone anatomical features and global rotation assumptions. For the actual midline detection algorithm, a window selection algorithm (WSA) is applied first to confine the region of interest, then the variational level set method is used to segment the image and extract the ventricle contours. With a ventricle identification algorithm (VIA), the position of actual midline is detected based on the identified right and left lateral ventricle contours. Finally, the brain midline shift is calculated using the positions of detected ideal midline and actual midline.
One of the important applications of midline shift in clinical medical decision making is to estimate the intracranial pressure (ICP). ICP monitoring is a standard procedure in the care of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. An automated ICP level prediction model based on machine learning method is proposed in this work. Multiple features, including midline shift, intracranial air cavities, ventricle size, texture patterns, and blood amount, are used in the ICP level prediction. Finally, the results are evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method in ICP level prediction.


The ESS has been studied to use regenerative energy all over the world. Recently, In Korea, The DC 1500V ESS was installed and managed in Daejeon Metro line 1 in 2009. This paper presents the control method and tests to upgrade the energy saving rate of the DC 1500V ESS installed in Daejeon Metro line 1. It was installed and managed. And the ESS saved energy, 318,824kwh and reduced CO2, 135.15tons for 10 months. Therefore, the ESS is considered to be one of the useful devices for energy storing and recycling.


The presence of desired signal in the training data for sample covariance matrix calculation is known to lead to a substantial performance degradation, especially when the desired signal is the dominant signal in the training data. Together with the uncertainty in the look direction, most of the adaptive beamforming solutions are unable to approach the optimal performance. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary algorithm (EA) based robust adaptive beamforming that is able to achieve near optimal performance. The essence of the idea is to shape the array beam response such that it has maximum response in the desired signal's angular range and minimum response in the interferences' angular range. In addition, the approach introduces null-response constraints deduced from the array observation to achieve better interference cancelation performance. As a whole, the proposed optimization is solvable using an improved variant of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. Numerical simulations are also presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.


Understanding the reactivity of ubiquitous molecules on complex oxides has broad impacts in energy applications and catalysis. Garnet-type Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 is a promising solid-state electrolyte for lithium (Li)-ion batteries, and it readily reacts with H 2 O and CO 2 when exposed to ambient air. Such reactions form a contamination layer on Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , which is detrimental to the battery operation. The strong interactions of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 with H 2 O and CO 2 , however, make Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 a promising support to catalyze H 2 O dissociation and CO 2 adsorption. Here, using fi rst-principles calculations, we investigate the adsorption and reactions of H 2 O and CO 2 on a Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 surface. We show that H 2 O reacts through the exchange of protons and Li + and produces metal hydroxide species. At high H 2 O coverage, half of the H 2 O molecules dissociate, while the other half remain intact. CO 2 reacts with the Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 surface directly to produce carbonate species. We clarify that the individual reactions of H 2 O and CO 2 with Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 are more thermodynamically favorable than the co-adsorption of H 2 O and CO 2 . Finally, we demonstrate that low temperature and high partial pressure promote the reactions of H 2 O and CO 2 with Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 . For the energy storage application of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , our study provides processing conditions to minimize surface contamination. From a catalysis point of view, our fi ndings reveal the potential of using complex oxides, such as Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , as a support for reactions requiring H 2 O dissociation and strong CO 2 adsorption.


Networked Control Systems (NCS) is a fast growing technology that integrates distributed sensors, actuators, and computing processors over a communication network for a vast amount of applications. However, the NCS can be vulnerable to various network attacks when the network used is insecure (e.g., Internet). Thus, secure NCS need to have embedded security mechanism to ensure its security operating requirements, which may sacrifice its performance due to limited system resources. This paper addresses the trade-off between NCS security and its real-time performance and use a secured networked DC motor system for illustration. This paper will present a trade-off model for system dynamic performance and system security. This model can be used to adapt security configurations to provide sufficient protection and satisfy real-time dynamic performance requirements of the NCS simultaneously. The construction of this model includes the development of a set of metrics to quantitatively measure the performance and security levels of NCS and the development of a trade-off objective function incorporating performance and security. A Simulink based test-bed implemented to control the speed of the DC motor is used to illustrate the effectiveness of this model.


Construction of conductive coordination polymers (CPs) has already become an attractive strategy for the development of organic-inorganic hybrid functional materials with specific electrical performance, due to the great diversity and tunability of the chemical structures, electronic structures, as well as the functions they can offer. Here, we demonstrate a novel highly conductive CP based on silver (I) and benzenehexathiol (BHT), (Ag3BHT)n, which displays a different chemical stoichiometry and structural topology compared to the previously reported (Ag5BHT)n. Detailed structural analysis shows that this is caused by the unintentional oxidation of the ligand molecules during the CP formation process. (Ag3BHT)n displays an electrical conductivity of 39 S cm-1 at room temperature. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy characterization and density functional theory calculation reveal that its highly conducting behavior comes from the highly doped character of (Ag3BHT)n. In addition, band structure calculation proposed an unusual double Dirac cone. This work emphasizes the importance of the ligand oxidation strategy, which can greatly enrich the family of conductive CPs based on BHT and other noninnocent ligands.


56 SCIENCE SCOPE Middle school students love to get hands on and messy with science investigations. But when the investigation is completed and it's time to share findings, analyze results, and connect the experience to conceptual understanding, many students withdraw and are reluctant to participate in classroom discussions. Others—think Hermione Granger from the Harry Potter series— may try to dominate the discussion. From our experience as classroom teachers, professional development leaders, and professors of science teaching methods courses, we've developed a framework for facilitating meaningful, equitable classroom dialogue. This framework will help you create a risk-free classroom environment where inquiry-based learning can flourish. The goals of group discussions should be to engage students in the concepts being studied and facilitate the expression of students' emerging ideas. Ideally, these discussions will also increase the teacher's awareness of students' current depth of conceptual understanding. Students need time and opportunities to bounce ideas off each other as they work to make sense of A framework for facilitating equitable discourse in science classrooms


Since mothers often express higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression, it is important to evaluate the effect of Covid-19 on their mental health during pregnancy and postpartum.

The aim of this study was to explore the concerns of mothers in the postpartum period amidst the Covid-19 pandemic

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on 600 postpartum mothers. The sample size was determined based on the households covered by the health centers. The selected mothers completed a demographic questionnaire and Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS).

The mean age of study participants was 28.9(6.3)and 364 (60.7%) mothers had excessive anxiety during pregnancy. The highest concern was related to the fear of congestion in the maternity ward with a mean of 2.48, and the lowest level of concern was related to the health status of the mother with a mean of 1.41.

we recommend that the health sector adopt new methods of providing care to mothers. Implementation of tests for assessment of the mother's mental state during pregnancy by a midwife consultant is also recommended


The growing demand for societal impact of teaching, research, and operations necessitates fresh approaches to our analysis of business school rankings. I discuss the Financial Times' approach and the need for fresh methods, metrics, and standards.


The emergency room is the interface between community and health care insti- tution. Whether through outreach or in-hospital service, the psychiatrist in the general hospital must have specialized skilll and knowledge to attend the in- creased numbers of mentally ill, substance abusers, homeless individuals, and those with greater acuity and comorbidity than previously known. This Special Section will address those overlapping aspects of psychiatry, medicine, neurologv psychopharmacology, and psychology of essential interest to the psychiatrist r,vho provides emergency consultation and treatment to the general hospital popula- tion. Abstract: Objective: The nim of this study zttas to describe the characteristics of psychintric emergencies uthen the precipitot- ing eoent for the emergency rcom aisit utas n suicide attempt, compared zuith other lensons for admission Method: For 1 yenr, all consultations (N = ia38) of a psychiatric emergency seraice zuere doutmented in a detniled questionnaire couering sociodemographic and dingnostic dnta as zttell as information about the consultation and the disposition decision. In 163 constLltntions, deliberate self-harm with possible fatal outcome zuas the precipitating eaent. hr order to control for dingnosis, all emergency consultatiotts zuith an adjustment disorder zuere annlyzed in a second s/ep (N = 366). In this stLbgrotLp, delib- erate self-harm zttas the precipitntittg eaent in 78 cases. Re- sults: Compared zuith tlrc otlter emergencies, the stLicide at- tempters uere better integrated in the occupational as zuell as in priunte life. They were more often refeted by others, and sig- nificnnt otlrcrs such as relatiites nnd ftiends zuere more fre- quently inaolzted in the consultntion. Neaertheless, the suicide attempters zuere significnntly more oftert hospitnlized. By nnd lnrge, the same results zuere fowtd uhen annlyzing the consul- tntions zoith adjtLstment disorders only. Hozueuer, uithin n high-risk subgroup of aLicide nttempters, no differences zuith regard to disposition decision iuere found. Conclusion: Clinl- cinns shottld not arLtomaticnlly refer stLicide attentpters for in- pntient treatment, particulnrly irt low-risk pntients nnd uhen the stLicidal intent and tlrc letlnlity of the uLicidnl act are not too threatening. Residertts sltould be instrtLcted more thor- oughly in xicidology be.fore btntg nssigne,l to tlte emergency roonl. @ 1,997 Elseitier Sciettce lrrc.


—Male gonopores on most hermit crabs (Paguroidea) occur as circular or oval apertures on the coxae of the fifth pereopods, are flush with the surrounding coxal segment, may be covered by a membrane or a calcified operculum, and are normally associated with numerous complex setae. In many male paguroids of the famiUes Paguridae and Coenobitidae, elongate tubelike extensions called sexual tubes are found on the coxae. The sexual tubes of C. perlatus and C. clypeatus of the Coenobitidae are here investigated at the histological and SEM level for the first time. Coenobita clypeatus has two short, squarish, equal/subequal extensions of the coxae with the densely hirsute gonopore directed ventrally. In contrast, C. perlatus has large, unequal, tubular extensions of the coxae, directed posteriorly, and with the hirsute gonopores terminally on the tubes. The right sexual tube is the longest, and curves across the mid-line of the body. The left sexual tube is much shorter and extends posteriorly from the coxa. In both, the sexual tubes have various coarse setae of several different morphotypes. Histological sectioning reveals a vas deferens terminating at the gonopore, and that sexual tubes are as heavily calcified and muscular as the coxal segments they emanate from. This differs markedly from previously investigated sexual tubes in other paguroids.


The difficulties of molten metallurgical slag heat recovery caused by low thermal conductivity and high enthalpy are analyzed.Centrifugal granulation is an environment-friendly process in treating the slag. The existing researches on centrifugal granulation are concentrated in the shape, size and mass distribution of slag particles. The relations between flight distance of slag, divorced speed of slag and outside speed of cup and rotary speed and rotary cup diameter were studied. The experimental results indicate that flight distance is farther from the cup and the speeds increase with increasing rotary speed. While rotary speed reaches 1000 rpm, divorced speed and flight distance of slag are almost invariant. When rotary cup diameter increases, the flight distance and the speeds increase simultaneously. Flight is reasonably simplified as:uniform motion in horizontal direction and motion of free falling body in the vertical direction,The experimental results have certain guiding significance to design of heat recovery equipment.


This work aims to briefly explain the main concepts and components that relate to the areas of steering, suspension and brakes focused on vehicles used in Formula SAE student competitions. Furthermore, the methodology for the design of a brake system will be established from dynamic and static calculations of vehicle parameters obtained both empirically and through estimates.


The transfer of metals from contaminated sediments to algal cell walls (Scenedesmus quadricauda) and organisms from various trophic levels (euryhaline osmoconform hydroid Cordylophora caspia and algae Brachiomonas submarina) was studied with a multichamber device. The system consists of a central chamber which contained the mud suspension and six external chambers containing the different biological indicators. The solids in the central and external chambers are separated by 0.45 µm-diameter membranes which allow diffusion of the mobilized, dissolved metal compounds. Experiments were performed with dredged sediments at various salinities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 percent, respectively) and the kinetic of re-adsorption was obtained by taking samples after different time intervals. High enrichment of Cd was found in the living alga Brachiomonas submarina, but on the other side only a weak influence of salinity on re-adsorption could be observed. Model experiments with ionic Cd showed a clear dependency on Cd-sorption on the algae, Cd-concentration in solution, and salinity. These results indicate that the transfer of metals mainly depends on the specific surface properties of the substrates and on the specific chemical form of the dissolved mobilized metal.


Foreshocks are considered as part of the preparation process for large earthquakes and, as such, can provide important constraints on earthquake generation. We examine the characteristics of the 4 day long foreshock sequence of the 2014 Northern Nagano earthquake (Mw 6.2) using seismograms recorded by a dense seismic observation network including data from a deep borehole closest to the foreshock region. The improved earthquake catalog shows a slow‐speed migration of the sequence toward the main shock hypocenter, implying possible slow‐slip transients which should have caused stress loading at the main shock hypocenter. An analysis of source spectra reveals that foreshocks for Mw < 1.5 display a weaker dependence of corner frequency on magnitude than expected for self‐similar scaling, suggesting that these microforeshocks can be regarded as small low‐frequency earthquakes. So far, we might have missed the expected weak low‐frequency preseismic signals, because they emerge only below a certain magnitude and are generally embedded in background noise.


Despite the presence of a vast number of academic and commercial technologies, there still is no CTC-based universal methodology for cancer diagnosis and/or treatment in clinical usage. This is because our current understanding of clinical features or significance of CTCs is strongly biased by the technology used to isolate these rare cells. The system described in this paper is intended to be a significant contribution in this respect by eliminating the main drawbacks of other CTC separation devices.


This paper describes a technique for improving the performance of digital feedback control systems and operational digital simulators by making use of the computer to perform information programming or data processing. The system stability can be improved and the system error can be reduced by digital programng of the input and error signals together with digital correction computations. This technique of digital compensation is illustrated by an example.


This book by the Dean of St. Paul's London, embodies the Alexander Robertson Lectures which were delivered at the University of Glasgow in 1935. In line with the general purpose of that Foundation, the lectures are apologetic in nature, being a partial defense of the Christian doctrine of God. Dean Matthews reviews the old "argument from design," its classical formulations, and the traditional objections to it. He then takes up a reconsideration of the argument, endeavoring to show that the objections to the idea of teleology are largely grounded in Kantian dialectics, which may now be transcended. The conclusions present a teleological universe directed by a God whose purposive activity includes the creation of free individuals capable of coming by choice into fellowship with God. The book is a bit too heavy for popular consumption, yet a trifle short of being a weighty contribution to Christian philosophy. It will do good service, however, for ministers and lay philosophers who stand in need of a fresh restatement of the doctrone of divine purpose. CORNELL GOERNER


Taxonomy and bio-ecology of Tetrigidae in Cameroon remain poorly studied. This study reports for the first time the presence of Thibron cf. tectatus Günther, 1979 in Cameroon and provides morphological and bio-ecological characteristics of Thibron illepidus (Karsh, 1893) and T. cf. tectatus. The specimens studied were collected between February 2016 and February 2018 in three regions of Cameroon. In each region, species were collected monthly using sweep-nets and pitfalls in four vegetation types. Some morphological characters formerly omitted in previous descriptions were considered in this study. In addition to the characters already known, T. illepidus differs from other species of the same genus in terms of length of body and interocular space, posterior thigh width, median femur length and width and finally the length of the three tarsomeres of posterior tarsus only in T. illepidus. In addition, for T. cf. tectatus, the length of the head, fastigium of vertex, eyes are longer than in T. illepidus. The later was more abundant in the Centre region (79%), less abundant in the Southwest region (18%) and rare in the West (3%). Meanwhile, Thibron cf. tectatus is rare in the Centre region (4%). Pitfalls (92%) were more effective than sweep-nets (8%) in capturing T. illepidus. Results obtained could contribute to improve the knowledge of the taxonomy of both species in Cameroon.


Copper and sulfur are typical residual elements or impurity elements in steel. Sufficient removal of them during steelmaking process is difficult for copper and costly for sulfur. Utilization of copper and sulfur in steel, especially in steel scrap, has been an important issue for a long period for metallurgists.Copper and sulfur may combine to form a copper sulfide, which may provide a prospect to avoid the detrimental effects of copper and sulfur in steel. Unfortunately the formation mechanism of a copper sulfide in steel has not been completely clarified so far. In the present paper, solution treatment of samples containing copper and sulfur are firstly performed at 1623 K for 2.7×103 s followed by quenching into water. The samples are then isothermally heat-treated at 673 K, 873 K, 1073 K, 1273 K and 1373 K for different time followed by quenching into water again. The size, morphology, constituent and crystallography of sulfide precipitates in these samples are investigated by SEM and TEM equipped with EDS. Fine copper sulfides (less than 100 nm) are observed to co-exist with silicon oxide in samples even isothermally heat-treated at 1373 K for 1.44×104 s; Film-like copper sulfides are generally observed to co-exist with iron sulfide in all samples; Plate-like copper sulfides are observed especially in sample isothermally heat-treated at 1073 K for 1.44×104 s. The formation mechanisms of these copper sulfides have been discussed in detail.


It's a beautiful sunny day in the middle of winter and we're looking down on a wide, scrubby plain that stretches some 200 kilometres west across the wheat belt to geraldton, on the western Australian coast. In front of us runs a cavalcade of colours: white clouds; blue sky; grey-green bush; red earth; green, blue and yellow Port Lincoln parrots; and rusty red and black rock. It's rusty because the Karara Ridge we're standing on is a massive lump of iron ore worth $100 billion at current market prices; it is about to be dug up, shipped off to China and turned into steel.


Two parameterizations of cloud droplet spectral dispersion and their impact on the indirect aerosol effect are compared in a global climate model. The earlier scheme specifies β, the ratio of droplet effective radius to volume‐mean radius, in terms of N, the cloud droplet number concentration. The new scheme specifies β in terms of mean droplet mass (L/N), where L is liquid water content, to account for the effect of variations in L. For low to moderate N, the new scheme gives a stronger increase of β with increasing N than the old scheme. In a present‐climate simulation, the new scheme shows a stronger gradient between remote regions (small β) and polluted/continental regions (large β). The new scheme also offsets the first indirect aerosol forcing (ΔF) more strongly: ΔF = −0.65 W m−2 with constant β, −0.43 W m−2 with the old β, and −0.38 W m−2 with the new β.


Based on an unrestricted Gutzwiller approximation (GA) we investigate static stripe configurations with regard to the orientation and periodicity in an extended one-band Hubbard model. A negative ratio between next-nearest-neighbor and nearest-neighbor hoppings, t'/t, as appropriate for cuprates, favors partially filled (metallic) stripes for both vertical and diagonal configurations. At around optimal doping diagonal stripes and site centered (SC) and bond centered (BC) vertical stripes become degenerate suggesting strong lateral and orientational fluctuations. We find that within the GA the resulting phase diagram is in agreement with experiment whereas it is not in the Hartree-Fock approximation due to a strong overestimation of the stripe filling. Results are in agreement with previous calculations within the three-band Hubbard model but with the role of SC and BC stripes interchanged.


The logistics industry is a new industry.The development of modern logistics industry is in favor of enhancing our overall economic strength,improve the competitiveness of a country.Compared with the western countries logistics industry,China's logistics industry is still in the initial stage of development,there still exist many problems.Through analysis and research,discover a problem,solve problems,and strive to promote China's logistics industry faster and better development,serve for national economy.


— Fracture surfaces of both service and laboratory fatigue fractures frequently show dark tongue-shaped marks. In fatigue tests on 7075–T6 specimens such tongues were produced by high peak loads. Measurements indicated that a tongue is not formed during a single burst of crack extension but is the result of a number of successive pop-ins requiring an increasing load. Therefore tongue formation is a quasi-stable phenomenon. The tunnelling fracture in the centre of plate thickness is accompanied by unfailed ligaments at the plate surfaces which reduce the stress intensity at the crack tip. The effect of different material conditions and loading direction on tongue forming was studied. A new model was developed to describe the growth of a tongue. The model was in good agreement with the various test results. The analysis of the problem has some relevance to validity requirements for K1c. A formula pertaining to tongues proposed by Forsyth was slightly modified and found to be approximately correct for the present results.


The paper describes the basic ideas in extending a machine-oriented microprogramming language into a system implementation language through data and control abstraction. The approach allows an extremely primitive base language to be bootstrapped to a higher level by a type definition mechanism where the operations of the types may be microprogrammed. Vertical migration is then possible by local modifications in operation definitions. On the other hand, a suitable type definition library would make it unnecessary for an ordinary user to know that all operations are ultimately based on microprogrammed definitions. This work is part of project Ukko which has designed a special microprogrammable computer for experimentation with user microprogramming.


As compared to conventional photon radiation heavy ions may offer specific therapeutic advantages in radiation oncology with respect to the higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at beam terminus. It has been demonstrated for heavy ion irradiation that the RBE in irradiated normal tissue, especially for acute effects is only slightly increased. However, since normal tissue reactivity, i.e. acute and late effects, is dose limiting in radiation therapy the proposed research project is concerned with the underlying cellular and molecular processes of normal tissue reactivity induced by heavy ions in comparison to photon irradiation. A prominent and clinically highly relevant radiation therapy-induced late reaction of normal tissue is fibrosis [1]. Fibrosis can occur especially in skin and lung and is characterized by remodelling of connective tissue resulting in enhanced collagen production and deposition. Although fibrosis is the result of a multicellular process involving endothelial cells smooth muscle cells, immunocompetent cells and fibroblasts within the irradiated tissue, the fibroblast cell system is the cell type responsible for the expression of the fibrotic tissue phenotype. Over the recent years our laboratory could demonstrate that the radiation-induced terminal differentiation of the fibroblast cell system, i.e. the induced differentiation of progenitor fibroblasts to postmitotic highly collagen synthesizing fibrocytes, is the key event in the induction and manifestation of the fibrotic tissue remodelling [2-6]. Molecular biological studies into the basic mechanisms of radiation-induced terminal fibroblast differentiation revealed that the cytokine TGF-β1 is the key factor which mediates the radiation-induced differentiation of progenitor fibroblasts to fibrocytes at the level of signal transduction in an autocrine as well as paracrine fashion. This has been demonstrated in a number of experiments analysing the cellular responses of both normal human or rat skin and lung fibroblasts to ionizing radiation (photons and heavy ions) with and without concomitant treatment with TGFß1neutralizing antibodies [4,7,8]. Finally, by the use of lung fibroblast cultures from homozygous TGFß1-knock out mice, it could be demonstrated that TGFß1 is the main determinator of fibroblast radiation sensitivity [9]. As a consequence of both photon and heavy ion irradiation, it could be demonstrated in the present study that human skin fibroblasts respond similar in terms of TGF-β1 mRNA gene expression, which was stimulated slightly (1.2x – 1.4x) by radiation exposure. However, analyzed at the active level of the cytokine TGF-β1 in the culture medium, radiation exposure led to a app. 2.8-3-fold increase within 60 min after radiation. Consequently, it can be postulated that radiation (photon and heavy ion radiation) rather leads to the proteolytic activation of latent TGF-β1 (LTGF-β1) to the active form of this cytokine than to a stimulation of gene expression [10]. For practical reasons, this hypothesis was tested first in photon-irradiated cells by the use of a specific inhibitor of the protease furin, which is known to be a major component of the proteolytic activation process of LTGF-β1 to TGF-β1. Preincubation with the furin inhibitor CMK resulted in a significant decrease of the phosphorylation of Smad-2 and –3 proteins involved in the intracellular TGF-β1 receptor-dependent signal transduction. Although not yet analyzed, but based on the original data of significantly elevated and presumably TGF-β1-dependent terminal differentiation of fibroblasts exposed to heavy ion as compared to photons, it can be assumed that heavy ion irradiation will lead to a similar if not more pronounced activation of LTGF-β1 [10].


Radiative double electron capture (RDEC) observed in collisions of bare ions with atoms is a charge exchange process, during which two target electrons are captured into a bound state of the projectile and a single photon is emitted. This process could be related to the time inverse of double photoionization. For the past twenty years it has been studied, both experimentally and theoretically. However, significant discrepancies between theoretical predictions of the RDEC cross section and experimental results were noted. Here, an overview of the investigation of the RDEC process is given and various theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results.


Objective:To establish a method for the determination of gallic acid in Phyllanthus Urinaria by HPLC.Methods: The HPLC system consisted of SHIMADZU VP-ODS column(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),methanol-0.1%H_3PO_4(4:96);flow rate was 1.0mL/min and detected with UV at 215 nm.Results:The method had good linear relationship within the rage 0.02~(0.21)μg of gallic acid,the correlation coefficient(r)was 0.9999.The results(n=6)of the recovery was100.74%.Conclusion:The method is simple,fast,rapid,accurate and suitable for the quality control of relevant preparations.


Intended to introduce the interested lay reader to a multitude of questions that surround biotechnology, Marianne Talbot's Bioethics: An Introduction examines many of the moral, ethical, and social challenges posed by advances in technology on multiple fronts, such as cloning, reproduction, end of life, and genetic engineering. Talbot presents each topic using the philosopher's approach, carefully leading the reader though each issue and examining the merits and problems of the arguments for and against the various issues. Indeed, the first part of the textbook feels like a crash course in general ethics and philosophical argument, sketching out ethics and its complex connections with free will, law, and religion, laying out the most widely used ethical theories (utilitarian, deontological, and virtue), and teaching the reader how to critically analyze arguments and soundly construct their own. For the second and third parts of the textbook, Talbot takes this approach to examine the issues raised by developments in biotechnology. Each chapter opens with bulleted objectives and is peppered with a multitude of boxes that provide additional information, definitions, and activities for the reader. Some of these boxes are part of the main text, while others are extra. Each chapter closes with a summary, additional questions for reflection, and additional activities. Perhaps evidencing the increasing crossover between different types of mediums, the textbook is paired with a dedicated website that provides updates for the bioethics issues discussed, links to the chapter references that are on the web (which comprise the vast majority of them), and podcasts by the author that further explain various concepts and issues.

However, as Talbot limits the scope of bioethics to examining the questions raised by biotechnology, other areas that are typically encompassed by bioethics, such as the physician-patient relationship, confidentiality, and scientific misconduct, remain largely unaddressed. Limiting the scope to biotechnology allows Talbot to include in her focus reflection on issues dealing with the environment and food and energy security, topics that traditional bioethics has largely overlooked. Somewhat disconcerting is the general oversight of the bioethics literature relevant to each topic Talbot discusses. Many of the issues raised have been hotly contested, not only in public and policy arenas, but also in bioethics scholarship. Referencing these sources in the notes and additional reading sections of each chapter would help place the textbook and orient the reader within the ongoing conversations in the bioethics field. Although the textbook's reliance upon Internet sources may be a valuable resource for finding updates to the cases and issues discussed, it is only useful to the reader with Internet access and depends upon the continued existence of the many websites. Despite these issues, this textbook is well-organized and written clearly, discussing each topic in sufficient depth to give readers a solid introduction to the questions raised. The philosophical approach not only guides readers through critical analysis of the topics presented, but also prepares them to analyze and construct arguments for the questions biotechnology raises in the future.