Colorectal cancer is a preventable disease caused by endogenous and external environmental factors. The study objective was to map the incidence of exogenous risk factors for colorectal cancer among the lay public in relation to age. The quantitative study was conducted by using the questionnaire "Colon Cancer", which was supplemented by self-designed items. To process the obtained data, we used several mathematical and statistical methods found in STATISTICA and MS Excel. The sample consisted of 1,715 respondents (males and females) from every region of Slovakia, including 1,120 younger respondents (50–59 years old) and 595 older respondents (60 years and older). They had no cancerous diseases in their medical history; and they had no healthcare education. We found a high incidence of some exogenous risk factors for colorectal cancer: 60.36% of the younger respondents and 75.12% of the older respondents were overweight and suffered from obesity; 47.32% of the younger respondents and 41.18% of the older respondents ate large amounts of red meat; 76.52% of the younger respondents and 73.61% of the older respondents did not eat the recommended daily allowance of vegetables; and 47.77% of the younger respondents and 57.65% of the older respondents did not do adequate physical activity. We found that there was a statistically significant relationship between age and BMI, red meat consumption, physical activity, and smoking (p < 0.05). The frequency of consumption of vegetables and alcohol did not depend on the respondents' age. There is a high incidence of exogenous risk factors for colorectal cancer in the Slovak population. We recommend implementing preventive strategies against colorectal cancer in individuals, communities, and society.


1. Eggs were loaded at the equator, the load on each egg increasing at a constant, low rate dW/dt in the range from 8.7 to 0.39 g/s. 2. When loading continued until shell failure the mean value of the force at failure, Pf, decreased as the loading rate decreased. 3. Among eggs from a given population the mean value of the product PfRa was related to log e (dW/dt) in a linear manner, where Ra is the reciprocal of the average curvature of the shell at the point of application of the load. 4. When loading had been halted shortly before the expected time of failure, delayed failure was observed in more than a quarter of the eggs. 5. The more closely the load approximated to the expected load at failure, the shorter the delay in eggs showing delayed failure. 6. There is a risk of loss of eggs through delayed shell fracture if they are stored in stacks of trays that permit some of them to bear loads that are not large enough to cause immediate fracture but are nevertheless fairly large.


Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with a high fat diet, hypertension and obesity. Hypertensive diabetic patients have an increased risk for progressing to heart failure, a condition also associated with insulin resistance in non‐diabetics. Young male rats were divided into control (CON; 12% kcal fat/19% protein/69% carbohydrate), high fat diet (HF; 60/19/21%) and type 2 diabetic (DIA; high fat diet + low dose streptozotocin) groups and after 8 weeks underwent sham (SH) or pressure overload (PO) surgeries. Fasting glucose levels were elevated in DIA (10.8 ± 1.3 mmol/l) compared to CON (3.5 ± 0.1 mmol/l) and HF (3.9 ± 0.2 mmol/l); there were no differences between SH and PO. Mortality was higher in DIA‐PO (30%) and CON‐PO (25%) compared to HF‐PO (8%) and there was 100% survival in all SH groups. Four weeks after surgeries, insulin sensitivity was 20% lower in DIA‐PO compared to DIA‐SH and this difference widened to 42% after 8 weeks; at both time points, HF‐SH were more insulin resistant than CON‐SH. At 4 weeks insulin sensitivity in CON‐PO and HF‐PO was not different from their respective SH; however, at 8 weeks insulin sensitivity in HF‐PO was 35% lower than HF‐SH. These data suggest that insulin resistance and mortality are exacerbated by pressure overload in type 2 diabetic animals, which may contribute to increased heart failure and mortality in diabetic patients.


The numerical model of EBIS is presented. The calculation of Kr ionization by cooling with Ne ions was carried out taking into account charge exchange, ion heating by electrons, ion-ion energy exchange and ion escape processes. A good agreement with experimental data was observed. According to the model, the processes of Pb ionization in EBIS at close to ultimate parameters (the electron beam current is 10 A and the electron energy is 10 keV, the trap capacity is about 10 e) by cooling with Ne ions were simulated.


Objective: to assess safety, responses rate and duration, progression-free and overall survival in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving vinflunine as second-line therapy in routine clinical practice, after additional patient recruitment. Materials and methods. This retrospective observational multicenter study included medical data of 34 patients with verified advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving vinflunine for tumor progression after first-line chemotherapy in 11 Russian clinical centers from March 23, 2013 to June 3, 2017. The median age of the patients was 60 (44–81) years. ECOG performance status was 0 in 2 (5.9 %), ECOG 1 – in 21 (61.7 %), ECOG 2 – in 9 (26.5 %), and ECOG 3 – in 2 (5.9 %) patients. Visceral metastases were present in 14 (41.2 %), non-visceral – in 20 (58.8 %) cases. Anemia was recorded in 20 (58.8 %) patients. According to Bellmunt scale 2 (5.9 %) patients had none risk factors, 6 (17.6 %) had 1 risk factor, 18 (52.9 %) and 8 (23.5 %) had 2 and 3 risk factors, respectively. Initial vinflunine dosage was 320 mg/m 2 in 6 (17.6 %) patients, 280 mg/m 2 in 22 (64.8 %) or 250 mg/m 2 in 6 (17.6 %). Patient received a median of 4 (1–10) cycles of therapy. Results. Adverse events (AE) were recorded in 33 (97.1 %) cases. The most frequent were general (70.6 %), hematologic (58.8 %), and gastrointestinal AE (41.1 %). Most AE were grades I–II and well-controlled. There were no deaths caused by adverse events. The best response was assessed as complete in 1 (2.9 %), partial – in 5 (14.7 %), stabilization – in 19 (55.9 %), and progression – in 9 (26.5 %) of the 34 patients. Complete response duration was 9.0 months, median partial response duration was 8.0 months (95 % confidence interval (CI) 5.5–13.0); median stabilization duration – 3.5 months (95 % CI 0.7–12.8). Median progression-free and overall survival were 3.9 (95 % CI 3.5 ‒ 4.3) and 6.4 (95 % CI 0.1–17.0) months, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the low somatic ECOG status and the initial vinflunine dosage of 250 mg/m 2 had adverse impact on overall survival. Conclusion. The efficacy and safety of vinflunine as second-line therapy for first-line chemotherapy-resistant advanced urothelial carcinoma in unselected patients are similar to the results of Phase III randomized trial and early results of the Russian observational study.


Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries and is a major source of income for many countries. Being a people-oriented industry, tourism also provides many jobs which have helped revitalize local economies.
On the other hand tourism can cause the same forms of environmental effects and pollution as any other industry including air emissions, noise, and solid waste and littering, releases of sewage, oil and chemicals and even architectural/visual pollution. These all requires a smart and reliable design and management to have both tourism developments in tourist arrivals and receipts with minimum environmental effects which is known as sustainable tourism development.
Ecotourism is a form of tourism to relatively undisturbed natural areas for the main purposes of admiring them and learning more about their habitats. Ecotourism also seeks to reduce its impacts on the area visited. It also contributes to the conservation of natural areas and the sustainable development of adjacent areas and communities, generating further awareness among resident and nearby populations and visitors.
For achievement to a sustainable ecotourism development it'd be required to have an excellent relation with the nature. And for this purpose it should be considered some objectives including; Understanding the nature, Conversation with the surrounding environment (ecosystem), Companionship with the nature's speed and Unification between the nature and human.
According to these concepts, it has been choose an ancient site at the middle of Mazandaran forests, north of Iran and southern coast of Caspian Sea, with a very beautiful landscape view and historical monuments, named as Abbas Abad complex. Some of attractive objects of this site are; a very beautiful winding road, a whirling stream, with a historical dam built on it at the age of Safavi kingdom (17th century), some ancient buildings and a palace within beautiful gardens around the dam reservoir. At the time being there is a small restaurant built near the reservoir.
The main objective of this project is achievement such a design in which an excellent tourism development goes to plan considering both tourist attraction and environmental protection points of view. The main components of the design are as follows:
Restore the status quo as a short term program
The short term plan has focused on rehabilitation of existing buildings and remediation of infrastructures of Abbas Abad complex to serve responsible and efficient services providing the tourism standards of comfort and needs.
Development of the sustainable tourism as the long term design
The long term plan has been arranged for establishment of a sustainable ecotourism through the site. To achieve to this purpose it has been put in consideration all academic approaches and experiences of stakeholders, tourists companies and environmental protection agencies. The main components of this term of design were:
A deck extended to the nature territory.
Some specific pass ways for cycling, tracking and hiking through the stream.
A specific site to maintain a quiet and calm conditions around the lake and exciting and fast through the stream. A space crossing over the boundary between the nature and human.
Accommodations that are in two types, Camping area and Hotel suits that are designed to focus on simplicity and having an organic feel to better blend the building with its environment and not take away from the lake and forest views.


During one six-month period, one West Virginia doctor wrote prescriptions linked to six drug-overdose deaths; nine other doctors wrote prescriptions linked to two or more overdose deaths.


[Objective]To establish a method for obtaining well-differentiated goat chondrocytes quickly in large scale by RCSS using microcarriers technique. [Method]Articular chondrocytes were harvested from goat by sequential digestion with trypsin and collagenase , and then grown in RCSS bioreactor culture system which contained the Cytodex-3 microcarriers in the culture medium (DMEM) . Growth of chondrocytes on Cytodex-3 microcarriers was observed dynamically under phase contrast microscope . Immunocytochemical analysis was performed for type Ⅰcollagen and type Ⅱcollagen. [Result]The articular chondrocytes attached rapidly to the surface of Cytodex-3 microcarriers. Quick growth of these cells was observed after they fully spread onto the microcarriers. The density of chondrocytes increased by 15~17 times in later stage of culture as compared with the initial density. The harvested chondrocytes had no detectable staining for collagen type Ⅰ, but stained intensively for collagen type Ⅱ. [Conclusion]Microcarrier culture of chondrocytes can yield a large quantity of goat cells within a short time ,which will be of benefit for banking cartilage cells for reconstruction of impaired cartilage by way of tissue engineering.


The virtual power plant (VPP) has the potential to provide frequency regulation services by aggregating demand-side distributed energy resources (DERs). Cellular communication networks are commonly utilized for connecting DERs. Nevertheless, conventional cellular networks prior to 5G were unreliable, while private cellular networks incur huge investment costs. Radio access network (RAN) slicing in 5G communications can address these issues by providing the VPP with virtual private networks in public cellular networks. The VPP must evaluate the benefits of 5G RAN slicing and determine the size of slices before implementing it. This paper proposes to apply 5G RAN slicing to assist the VPP in participating in frequency regulation services. First, an optimization model is developed for the VPP to maximize the profit of engaging DERs in various frequency regulation services. Its solution determines the VPP's DER portfolio schedule of regulation services and communication needs. Then, the effects of communication reliability on the regulation performance are quantified. 5G RAN slicing enhances the predictability of communication reliability, and its benefit is explicitly modeled as its contribution to reducing VPP's risk profit loss. Next, based on the 5G RAN slicing benefit, an optimization model for determining the size of slices is further established, considering the cost of purchasing slices from mobile service providers. Additionally, an online solution method is developed, such that DERs' regulation service portfolio can be determined in real-time. Numerical case studies are conducted to demonstrate the benefit of 5G RAN slicing for the VPP's frequency regulation services.


Discussed the general survey of the research of circular economy in foreign and combed the theories.Research on the circular economy practice taking waste use, pollution prevention and decreasing pollution as the main content.Research on the circular economy practice taking ecological industry region as the main type.Research on the circular economy practice taking the whole society as the main object.And summed up the theories from different levels of economy , society, technology and ecological environment.


A new instrument for modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement of TV picture tube has been designed. It can measure MTF of different areas on screens under different conditions with precision up to +3%, and the resolution is measured in accordance with the standards issued by the National Bureau of Standards, the People's Republio of China. A way to avoid false resolution phenomenon when using a compression method is given in the paper.


A sophisticated power supply system was developed, installed, and successfully put into operation for the superconducting insertion devices at the 1.5-GeV Taiwan Light Source. These magnets include a superconducting wavelength shifter, a superconducting multipole wiggler, and three in-achromate superconducting wigglers. The power supply, with ±350-A/±15-V output power, is a four-quadrant bipolar switching step-down converter. The power supply, employing multiple regulation loops, slew rate control, and ultra high precision current transducer for feedback loop, is capable of delivering highly stable and reliable current to the superconducting loads. The topology, control scheme, and its performance are described in this paper. The power supply system's performance and reliability will be further improved and adopted to power low-temperature superconducting devices at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in the future.


This article considers the impact of English seizure of neutral Swedish vessels during the First Anglo-Dutch War, 1651–4. These actions were undertaken at a time when no bilateral diplomatic treaty existed between the two nations and thus the legal basis for such prize-taking was hotly disputed on both sides. Through an examination of extant sources in both England and Sweden, the article scrutinises a number of case studies in a period where the concept of any meaningful international maritime law remained primitive. It concludes with a review of the diplomatic machinations which sought to recover ships, goods or compensation in the years following the conclusion of the war.


Accurate prediction of orchard evapotranspiration (ET) can optimize orchard water management. Based on the jujube (Zizyphus jujuba), ET was continuously measured from 2016 to 2019 using a large weighing lysimeter; the actual jujube ET was compared with the ET simulated with the Priestley–Taylor (P–T), Dual Crop Coefficient (Dual Kc), and Shuttleworth–Wallace (S–W) models, to verify the accuracy of the three models. The results showed that, from 2016 to 2019, the whole growth period of jujube ET was 532–592 mm and the crop coefficient was 0.85–0.93. The basal crop coefficients of the calibrated Dual Kc model were 0.4, 1.0, and 0.5 at the initial, middle, and ending growth stages, respectively. The overall simulation error of the Dual Kc model was low, and simulations were stable during the four years of the study. However, because of rough estimation the water stress coefficient (Ks) simulation accuracy will be reduced in the case of serious water shortage. The simulation error of the S–W model was greater than the simulation error of the Dual Kc model, and the simulations were unstable and vulnerable to interannual changes. The simulation error of the traditional P–T model was large. When the parameter "α" solution method was improved, the simulation accuracy was significantly improved, and the P–T model's simulation accuracy was only slightly lower than that of the Dual Kc model. However, the model was easily affected by changes in net radiation and air temperature. Therefore, the Dual Kc model is recommended for estimating the ET of young jujube trees in arid areas.


The operating principles of a liquid-piston solar water elevator that represents a new class of thermodynamic converters operating in a Stirling cycle are described. The results of the tests are presented and the efficiency of the joint use of the elevator and solar collectors of different types is analyzed.


A laboratory testing program was conducted as improver aimed at the swell-shrink characteristics of the roadbed.The basic physical properties,expansion features,compaction properties and mechanical properties were analyzed.The results of the study show that the strength of the mixture is highly dependent on the water content and lime content at compaction.


University of Nottingham (UoN) and National Institute of Telecommunications (NIT) in Warsaw have a well established cooperation in the field of the numerical methods for the modelling of the photonic structures in the framework of COST Pll project. Both research groups are using frequency domain Finite-Difference Beam Propagation Method (FD-BPM) for the calculations. The algorithm developed at the University of Nottingham is a semi-vectorial, real distance ADI (Alternating Direction Implicit) Pade(l,l) algorithm with the Perfectly Matched Layers (PML) boundary conditions. Program developed at the NIT is a full-vectorial, real distance paraxial algorithm with the Transparent Boundary Conditions (TBC). This paper presents some of the results obtained in UoN and NIT and describes the disadvantages of the FD-BPM methods applied to Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCF).


Alcoholics often drink to get to sleep. This all-night polysomnography study of abstinent alcoholics demonstrates one of many reasons why drinking to aid sleep is a maladaptive strategy. Researchers monitored sleep patterns and levels of …


The potential energy curves (PECs) of six low-lying electronic states (X2Πg, a 4Πu, A2Πu, b 4 , D2Δg and B2 ) of ion were studied by the ab initio quantum chemical method. The calculations were carried out with the full valence complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method followed by the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in combination with large correlation-consistent basis sets. Effects on the PECs of the core–valence correlation and relativistic corrections are taken into account. The way to consider the relativistic correction is to use the second-order Douglas–Kroll Hamiltonian (DKH2) approximation. The core–valence correlation correction is carried out with the cc-pCVQZ basis set, and the relativistic correction is performed at the level of cc-pVQZ basis set. To obtain more reliable results, the PECs determined by the MRCI calculations are also corrected for size-extensivity errors by means of the Davidson modification (MRCI + Q). These PECs are extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit by the two-point total-energy extrapolation scheme. With these PECs, the spectroscopic parameters (Te , De , D 0, Re , ωe , ωexe , αe and Be ) are determined and compared with those reported in the literature. The conclusion can be reached that the effect on the spectroscopic parameters of the core–valence correlation correction is larger than that of the relativistic correction. With the PECs obtained by the MRCI + Q/CV+DK+56 calculations, the vibrational levels and inertial rotation constants of the first 26 vibrational states are determined for these electronic states of non-rotating ion. Comparison with the experimental data shows that the present spectroscopic parameters and molecular constants are accurate.


SUMMARY. 1. Coidingham Loch (Berwickshire. Scotland) (area. 8.4 ha, mean depth 2.9 m, max. depth 12.3 m) belongs to Hakansson's convex shape category. It lies in a basin of Silurian Greywackes rock within 0.25 km of coastal sea cliffs (c. 133 m a.s.l.). The theoretical hydraulic replacement time is 3.17 years.

2. The loch stratifies intermittently in summer. Fluctuations in oxygen concentration generally correspond to spells of mixing and stratification; low values of 10% saturation occur at the bottom.

3. The sum of the concentrations of major cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) is in accordance with measured conductivities ranging between 380 μS cm−1 and 420 μS cm−1 (k.25). The ratios (by equivalents) of Na+/Cl− (0.04) are similar to those in sea-water, whilst values for Ca+2+/Cl− (0.85–1.01) and Mg2+/Cl− (0.79–0.88) reflect the bedrock.

4. Nitrate concentrations were lowest (<0.05 mg N1−1) in summer following losses from the column of 107 mg N m−2 1−1, a rate corresponding well with published figures on microbial nitrate reduction. Nitrate increased at a rate of 8μg N I−1 d−1 to a winter maximum of 1.55 mg N I−1. Mass balance calculations show that if this rise is attributed to run-off from surrounding land, a loss rate of 11.1 kg N ha−1 yr−1 would be required; this value is also commensurate with published figures.

5. Changes in phosphorus and factors controlling them contrast markedly with those of nitrate. The minimum concentration of 55 μg total P l−1 (mainly in soluble reactive form) occurs in spring. An increase to the maximum ofc. 300 μg l−1 in summer is sustained mainly by release from the sediments at a regular rate of 3 μg P l−1 d−1 (8.7 mg m−2 d−1). Adsorption by the sediments is considered to be the major process accounting for autumnal losses of phosphorus of 2.6 mg P M−2d−1.

6. Silica showed a less regular seasonal pattern, but varied some 45-fold with a maximum of 2.25 mg SiO2, l−1 in August.


Submarines have always been front page news, attributable in part to our inherent desire for vicariously experiencing danger. After a rare submarine loss the man in the street, in empathy with the submarine's crew and stimulated by flamboyant journalism, enlarges the story to imagine an unending downward plunging into the cold unknown of the ocean's depths, anticipating vague early crackles followed by crushing bedlam as steel plate wrinkles and crumples under millions of tons of sea water. But if in the man in the submarine such preoccupations should develop, he is finished as a submariner. He is properly conscious of the power and danger of friendly deep water, but his realization of the crew's reliability and his ship's integrity creates a confidence which only anxiety can disturb. We now stand anticipating the appearance of an atomic-powered submarine, which climaxes many years of submarine development, failures, tragedies, and successes. If the


Introduction Severe asthma can be dominated by either Th2/eosinophilic or Th17/neutrophilic pathology yet the specific endotype of a patient may not be clear/stable. We hypothesized that a locally administered PI3kγδ dual isoform inhibitor could provide a more effective and safe treatment paradigm. Methods Nanomolar PI3K inhibitors with >100-fold selectivity for γ, δ or dual γδ isoforms were evaluated following nebulization in the rat OVA allergic model. The effects of these inhibitors on innate and adaptive immune responses were evaluated in human cells isolated from GINA3/4 asthma or healthy subjects. Results Therapeutic treatment (4, 20 & 100μg/kg) within the OVA allergic model showed substantial efficacy of the dual inhibitor on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) mediator release (IL-5 and IL-13) and eosinophil/neutrophil influx – reducing all parameters >80% in the absence of measurable systemic exposure. Target engagement in the lung was confirmed using the PI3K pathway marker pS6 in BAL CD4+ T cells. In both healthy and asthmatic subjects, activation, degranulation and chemotaxis of peripheral blood eosinophils or neutrophils was PI3Kγ dependent. However, primed neutrophil respiratory burst exclusively required PI3Kδ. The release of either IL-5, IL-13 or IL-17 from peripheral T cells was PI3Kδ-dependent. CD4+ T cell differentiation toward the Th2 or Th1 phenotype and migration of CD4+ T cells within a 3D collagen matrix, were modestly impaired by mono-selective compounds but effectively inhibited by dual inhibiton. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that an inhaled dual PI3Kγδ isoform inhibitor could be a novel, effective and safer therapy for a broad range of severe asthma patients.


During the various stages of importation, economic operators have to bear in mind the impact of possible delays because of customs clearance operations and bureaucratic rules requiring compliance. Analysis of the time necessary to clear goods is a crucial issue for integrated logistics systems, since the current international trade scenario is increasingly based on time-related models (e.g. lead-time analysis, time-based competitive strategy). This paper examines the economic advantages of the application of maritime pre-clearance mechanisms in the European Union. Customs authorities are informed about the customs procedures to apply before vessels arrive at the port of destination. Therefore, thanks to the declaration-at-sea procedures, goods can be cleared at sea before containers are unloaded from sea-going vessels; consequently, the transit time of containers inside ports can be reduced and the handling operations at harbours faster. In addition, pre-clearance operations can be more effective if those economic operators who are involved in the international movement of goods, and who are part of worldwide supply chain mechanisms (e.g. manufacturers, freight forwarders, terminal operators, stevedores, warehouse keepers and clearance agents), have obtained AEO status (Authorised Economic Operator). The AEO status allows economic operators to achieve a list of tangible and concrete benefits in terms of customs procedure simplification and a reduced number of safety-related customs controls. In conclusion, faster release of goods at borders is beneficial for both customs administrations and businesses, enabling customs authorities to process more transactions without delay and traders to improve their level of competitiveness in international markets.


This paper aim to propose a transaction cost-saving model that provides effective guidance in the early stages of supply chain management (SCM). Explaining the description of existing prescriptive definitions for transaction cost (TC) and signaling game theory based on literature review. According to the investigations of TC-prohibitive problem for a case example of NOKIA Mobile parts suppliers, indicating substantial improvement by reducing the number of providers and reallocating them to the markets. This model would help a decision maker to resolve the issues related to selection of suppliers under a set of conflicting multi-objective criteria.


OBJECTIVECongenital dermal sinus tracts most frequently occur in the midline and are often associated with dermoid or epidermoid inclusion cysts. A lateral cranial origin is extremely rare and anatomically inconsistent with an etiology involving closure of the rostral neural tube during embryogenesis. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONWe describe the first case of a pterional cranial dermal sinus tract associated with a small epidermoid, with extension to the dura of the anterior cranial fossa. INTERVENTIONThe extra- and intracranial portions of the tract were visualized and resected with the use of an operating microscope. Pathological diagnosis confirmed dermal sinus tract. CONCLUSIONWe review the existing literature and address the developmental and clinical features pertinent to the management of cranial dermal sinus tracts, emphasizing the need for exploration of these potentially harmful lesions.


ABSTRACT The Mesozoic Xigaze ophiolite is a key to understanding the tectonic evolution of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone. Although many studies have been reported, the formation age and petrogenesis of the Xigaze ophiolite remain controversial. In this paper, new geochronological and geochemical data for mafic dikes (diabase, dolerite), lavas, and gabbros of the Xigaze ophiolite are provided to constrain the origin of the Xigaze ophiolite. Combined with previous studies, three new zircon U–Pb ages of samples from two gabbro and one dolerite samples show that the Xigaze ophiolite was produced at two distinct stages of 174–149 Ma and 137–123 Ma. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that these rocks exhibit N-MORB-like features, but the gabbros are more depleted in trace elements and belong to cumulates. Geochemical characters, combined with their positive εNd(t) values (+3.2 to +9.6), suggest that these samples originated from depleted mantle sources with minor influence of slab-derived fluids. Considering the previous studies on the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, the Xigaze ophiolite was likely generated in an active continental margin fore-arc basin with a multistage model associated with the northward subduction of the Yarlung Zangbo Neo-Tethys Ocean beneath the Lhasa terrane. The Middle–Late Jurassic ophiolitic massifs (174–149 Ma) were produced as the result of slab rollback and were followed by subsequent slab break-off at ~ 150 Ma. The fore-arc lithosphere may be frozen at ~150–137 Ma, consistent with the termination of the Gangdese arc magmatism during this period. The Early Cretaceous ophiolitic massifs (137–123 Ma) were developed in relation to the reinitiation of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere subduction, the retreat of the subduction zone, and the creation of a fore-arc basin with strong hyperextension in a new cycle.


This article aims to answer the economic criminal sanctions in Islamic criminal jurisprudence. Islamic law has regulated criminal acts that are clear and described in the field of jinayah. However, it is necessary to specifically classify economic criminal sanctions. This research uses literature research with content analysis techniques in examining the development of economic crimes in Islamic criminal jurisprudence. The results showed that the arrangement of the fingers was clearly regulated through texts which were called hudud and outside texts which were categorized as ta'zir. This classification is based on whether there are sanctions provisions in the text. Economic crimes in fiqh jinayah are grouped: economic crimes in the hudud category, namely sariqah or robbery, and hirabah or robbery. Second, ta'zir economic crimes, namely corruption, money laundering, smuggling, counterfeiting, fraud, and environmental pollution, the sanctions are given to the level of benefit and ulil amri.


The design of predictive functional controller is based on the linear model, radial based function neural networks is used as the compensator to eliminate unmodelld dynamics and the existed disturbance, so the adaptive predictive functional control of the system is realized. The simulation experiment shows that the control algorithm is simple and efficient.


Objective The objective of the proposed systematic review is to critically analyse currently available research studies and present the best available evidence related to the safety of rapid Rituximab infusion among patients with NHL and CLL. Questions 1. What is the frequency of acute adverse reactions from rapid Rituximab infusion? 2. How severe are the acute adverse reactions from rapid Rituximab infusion? 3. What is the treatment for patients who develop acute adverse reactions from rapid Rituximab infusion 4. What is the mortality rate of patients who develop acute adverse reactions from rapid Rituximab infusion? 5. What are the type and amounts of the premedication given before rapid Rituximab infusion? Inclusion criteria Types of participants The participants of interest include adults 18 years old and older, scoring between 0-4 in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG), having any comorbidity for example but not limited to cardiac and respiratory diseases and one of the following diagnosis: 1. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma -based on histology finding • of any stage from I to IV based on Ann-Arbor staging36(Appendix II) • any subtypes but not limited to Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), Follicular Lymphoma (FL), Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) and Burkitt's Lymphoma • who receive Rituximab as monotherapy or combination with any types of; chemotherapy not limited to CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisone), and CVP (Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine and Prednisone)-prior exposure to Rituximab infusion 2. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia -based on cytology or phenotype finding • any stage from A-C based on Binet staging36 (Appendix III) or • any stage from O-IV based on Rai classification36(Appendix IV) who receive Rituximab as monotherapy or combination with any types of chemotherapy not limited to Fludarabine, FC (Fludarabine,Cyclophosphamide), CHOP (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisone) -prior exposure to Rituximab infusion Patients who diagnosed with autoimmune diseases such as Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura(TTP), Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE), Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita(EBA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) will be excluded. Types of intervention(s)/phenomena of interest The intervention of interest is rapid Rituximab infusion less than or equal to 120 minutes not limited to 60 or 90 TRUNCATED AT 350 WORDS


This Special Committee was appointed by President Robert Glen in January, 1962, in response to a request from the AIBS that our Society review the Biological Curriculum Study material. This Committee agrees with the principles and philosophies behind the BSCS and commend them on the publication of their three different approaches to the teaching of high school biology.


Negative ion production is investigated in a chamber with transversal magnetic filter operated in dc or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) modes in Ar/SF6 gas mixtures. Plasma parameters are evaluated by mass spectrometry and Langmuir probe for different discharge conditions. The density ratio of negative ion to electron exceeded 300 in dc mode while it was below 100 in the ICP mode. The possibility to apply a large positive bias to an electrode without affecting the plasma potential and the transition from a negative sheath to anodic glow are also investigated. The etching rates by positive and negative ions are evaluated on silicon substrate for different Ar/SF6 gas ratios. The etching rate by negative ions was with less than 5% smaller than that by positive ions.


ABSTRACT The article presents results from an interview study on migrant bachelors and discusses differences between Bangladeshi migrants in Italy and Syrian migrants in Sweden, in how they present as singles. Interviewees articulate a simplified distinction between singlehood in Europe and singlehood in Bangladesh or Syria. Singlehood has been theorized as wavering between a period of waiting and a lifestyle with its own inherent value. In our sample, while Bangladeshis describe bachelorhood as a period of waiting, distancing themselves from what they see as European singlehood, Syrians tend to embrace singlehood as inherently valuable and prefer a 'European way' of being single. We argue that this difference between the groups is connected not primarily to national or regional cultures, but to how racialized borders shape the two groups in Europe, as well as to the role of class positionalities in determining attitudes toward singlehood.


This study aims to highlight on the corona epidemic ramifications on the international economy, from reading the most important international economic indicators and that to identify the extent of theepidemic's contribution to causing a global economic crisis that may be the most difficult in this century. The international economic has experienced a decline in its various fields due to precautionarymeasures taken by the governments of the countries represented in quarantine, the resulting paralysis invarious economic sectors such as transportations, financial markets, economic institutions, unemployment,tourism and other indicators.


During the additional prospecting in the Zhongyi producing area of the Renlou coal mine a structual anomaly was found around the fault F3 and a conclusion has been made on its attribute, genesis and possibility of water bursting.


The excess smoothness puzzle is explored using a simple version of the permanent income hypothesis. The new feature is that consumers do not know the observed data-generating process for income. Instead they estimate the income process every period using the past income data and update their income forecasts as new data arrive. Two scenarios are examined: first, where the income has a linear deterministic trend and second, where the income has a constant trend. There is a misspecification bias in the estimate of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC). This bias is of second-order importance in the first scenario while it is of first-order importance in the second. We conclude that the second scenario, which may be relevant for less developed countries, may offer a potential solution to the excess smoothness puzzle. Copyright © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


How to cite this paper: Gelmini, L., & Vola, P. (2021). Integrated reporting and environmental disclosure: Is natural capital neglected? Corporate Ownership & Control, 18(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i2art10 Copyright © 2021 The Authors This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/


Sea transportation mode is still the favourite in the business world because of its high carrying capacity (capacity) and more competitive costs compared to other modes of transportation. As a country that has a vast marine area, Indonesia certainly has many problems related to its marine area. Indonesia faces various potential trans-national crimes that usually occur at sea such as illegal fishing, smuggling of goods, drugs and human, terrorism and piracy. Based on the complex conditions of the potential problems that arise in the maritime sector, all stakeholders and law enforcement officers at sea need integrated maritime information management to support their duties in maintaining security in Indonesia's waters. Therefore, it is hoped that the use big data of maritime information will be able to help stake holders involved in overcoming these problems.

Keywords : big data analysis, sea transportation, maritime information; Indonesian water


Objective To obtain G glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) field strain. Methods RSV gene fragment encoding the G glycoprotein from the virus field strain isolated from child with acute respiratory infection in Beijing was inserted into the vaccinia virus vector and the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the G protein of RSV was obtained by co-infecting this vector with vaccinia virus field strain in cell culture. Rabbits were immunized with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein. Western blot, ELISA and plaque reduction assay were used to evaluate the antigenicity, immunogenicity and the biological function of the expressed protein. Results The RSV G glycoprotein was expressed by the recombinant vaccinia virus, which was determined by Western blot with anti-G protein specific monoclonal antibody. The high titer antibodies against G protein and purified RSV were detected from the sera collected from immunized rabbits. And the sera from the immunized rabbits can neutralize the plaque formation of the native RSV. Conclusion The data suggested that the expressed G glycoprotein is similar antigenically and immunogenically with those from native RSV.


Management and control of noise pollution in wind turbines are important to integrate wind turbines in building and urban areas. A scaled model of a horizontal-co-axial wind turbine was designed, built and tested in the wind tunnel of University of Technology Sydney (UTS) and its characteristics and aerodynamic-noise emissions were analyzed. The noise reduction capability of the horizontal-twin-shaft wind turbines was compared with wind turbines with the conical entry nozzle (stator), duct-shroud-envelop and vertical shafts. Air velocity, shaft rpm, electric-power generation, noise frequency and amplitude were measured. It was found that up to 15% reduction in the amplitude (dB) of noise emisit from twin shaft wind turbine compared to the single shaft bench mark turbine. The noise analysis performed as a result of these experiments may be used in the design and selection of a building integrated horizontal axis wind turbine for applications at UTS buildings.


Active Noise Control systems have been in scientific interes for a long time. Such systems allow for high reduction of low-frequency noise, especially f or predictable noises such as tones or multitones generated by rotational machines. The obtained reduction level may be much higher compared to passive methods, which for low-frequencies req uir unacceptable thick and heavy barriers. Classical Active Noise Control systems, which us e sound interference in air, except in some limited cases, can create only local zones of quiet, whe re t destructive interference occurs. In most cases this is unacceptable. Such problem can be solved by using actively controlled barriers, which can form a full active noise-reducing casin g. Then, by appropriate control of wall vibrations, a significant global noise reduction can be achi eved. However, both global noise level and noise emission cannot be measured. Some estimations or l imited measurements need to be used. One of possible solutions is to measure the noise emiss ion by using multiple microphones around the casing. In this paper different configurations of microphone placement are investigated. Microphones are used by a feed-forward FXLMS-based c ontrol system for adaptation of control filter weights. The control systems are tested on an o ff-the-shelf washing machine casing with electrodynamic actuators installed on four walls. The performance of the resulting control systems is experimentally verified and obtained results are reported.


The unsaturated ketone (1) is reduced catalytically into the saturated keto-derivative (2) . Further transformations allow to open the bicyclic intermediate (2) into the tri-substituted cyclopentane derivative (4). This is then converted by classical methods into the 9-desoxy-prostaglandin (8).


VZV is a highly cell‐associated member of the Herpesviridae family and one of the eight herpesviruses to infect humans. The virus is ubiquitous in most populations worldwide, primary infection with which causes varicella, more commonly known as chickenpox. Characteristic of members of the alphaherpesvirus sub‐family, VZV is neurotropic and establishes latency in sensory neurones. Reactivation from latency, usually during periods of impaired cellular immunity, causes herpes zoster (shingles).


In spite of its prominent role in producing lasting images of the pirate, scholars have rarely considered Captain Charles Johnson's A General History of the Pyrates (1724) as a literary work in its own right. More often, scholars have extracted single chapters from the whole or have drawn on the work as a source of information about the historical practices of pirates, particularly in support the thesis that early pirates formed rogue commonwealths on egalitarian principles. This article raises questions about the use of the General History as a reliable historical source and shifts the terms of inquiry to focus instead on how the General History imaginatively constructs piracy in an examination of the problems of constituting and maintaining new forms of civil government. It argues that the figure of the pirate in the General History serves less to exemplify progressive brotherhood than to expose the vices and predatory desires that threaten all social organization, from the center to the periphery of empire.


The ancillary assessment angular changes according to the present invention for measuring the opening angle (α) or the change in tibial slope after addition osteotomy bone obtained by cutting (Co) determining bone fragments (f1, f2) connected by a bone hinge (Ca) comprises at least two pins (2, 3) inserted in the same plane and in each of the bone fragments (f1, f2) from the bone section (Co), a rigid base (4) and a graduated scale (5) connected by a pivot-pointer (6) ensuring said graduated scale (5) sliding movement and pivoting with respect to the base (4), said rigid base (4 ) and said graduated scale (5) being arranged on the pin, respectively (2, 3) so that the pivot-pointer (6) allow for the reading on the graduated scale (5) of the angular position of said pins (2, 3) relative to each other.


Coating comprising the plant protein, kafirin, propylene glycol (PG) and glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) have been shown to extend the quality of 'Packham's Triumph' pears. In this study, both of these coating treatments considerably extended the shelf-life and the time that the eat-ripe quality of 'Hass' avocados was maintained when compared to uncoated fruit. To determine the roles of the additives, PG and GDL in the functionality of kafirin edible coatings, different kafirin coatings were applied to 'Hass' avocados prior to storage under ripening conditions of 18 °C for up to 21 days. All the kafirin coatings were effective at extending and maintaining the shelf-life quality of avocados compared to uncoated fruit due to reduced respiration rate, 102 ml CO2/kg/h for kafirin-PG+GDL compared to 115 ml CO2/kg/h uncoated avocados on day 14 and consequently reduced ethylene production of the coated fruit. Kafirin-PG+GDL coated avocados lost less weight and remained firmer than uncoated fruit. Descriptive sensory...


This article introduces the Machine Orchestra, a mixed ensemble of human and robotic performers. The Orchestra is coordinated through technical and musical classes at the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), where the pedagogical focus is to combine the musical elements of a laptop orchestra with the technical skills required to create a robotic ensemble. As of this publication, seven electromechanical instruments have been developed by members and collaborators of the Orchestra. The ensemble has given notable international premieres and performances at venues including the Roy and Edna Disney/CalArts Theater (REDCAT) in Los Angeles and 01SJ, the biennial music and arts festival in San Jose, California. Well-known researchers and performers are invited to participate in the Orchestra to bring novel technical, musical, and collaborative ideas to the ensemble. In this article we describe the design and production of seven robotic instruments, details on the visual and sonic aesthetic of the ensemble, technical considerations of the computer network employed in performance, and information on an assortment of compositions in the current repertoire.


The Santa Monica Church is one of the most representative buildings in Guadalajara, Mexico as it is the finest Solomonic Baroque temple in the city. The church was built in the XVIII century with different types of volcanic tuffs, which have been studied from the macroscopic level to the structural level with the aim to determine the deterioration degree of the church's tuffs. Textural, morphological and structural properties of Tuff were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR ATR) and 29 Si and 27 Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), compressive strength tests were also performed. Characterization data has provided a comprehensive view of the alterations on the volcanic tuff of Santa Monica Church. Then the study focused on proposing the best strategy for the understanding and conservation of Churches and other buildings in Guadalajara which have been built with the same stone. Currently, siliceous materials doped with aluminum are being tested as consolidate.


The Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique (CEA) and the Compagnie Generale des Matieres Nucleaires (COGEMA) have developed [1] surfactant liquid solutions to remove organic matter located at the surfaces of equipment used in reprocessing facilities. This equipment may be covered with Tri Butyl Phosphate (TBP) or products resulting from TBP radiolysis like Dibutylphosphate (DBP) or Monobutylphosphate (MBP). These molecules can be combined with Uranium, Plutonium or metal ions like zirconium. Conventional treatments like sodium hydroxide usually have poor degreasing effect, so few of these products can be removed successfully. The aim of developing new formulations is to achieve a better degreasing effect and to eliminate sodium ions from the secondary liquid wastes to ease glass formation. During the past years, low alkaline formulations have been developed (sodium content about 0,5 M to 1 M) [2]. More recently, it was decided to try to remove sodium ions completely and keep a high degreasing efficiency. A study of a degreasing formulation based on the original use of fully soluble lowfoaming surfactants in nitric acid medium has been performed. A combination of two non-ionic surfactants was chosen. Non-ionic surfactants have a low Critical Micellar Concentration (CMC) which allows minimization of organic matter in the solution. The first surfactant is a polyglycolic ether fatty alcohol (FA) leading to high solubilization capability. The second is a Block Copolymer (BC) having a high wetting power. Solubilization of TBP occurs in the micelles formed above the CMC. The standard formulation has a total amount of 10 g/L surfactants. This surfactant formulation increases the maximum TBP solubilization to more than 5 g/L, about 15 times larger than the true value of TBP solubility in the acid alone.


Eve's Four Faces consists of a series of digitally animated and interactive surfaces. Their content and structure are derived from a collection of sources outside the conventional boundaries of architectural research, namely psychology and the broader spectrum of arts and culture. The investigation stems from a psychological study documenting the attributes and social relationships of four distinct personality prototypes; the "Individuated", the "Traditional", the "Conflicted" and the "Assured". (York and John, 1992) For the purposes of this investigation, all four prototypes are assumed to be inherent, to certain degrees, in each individual; however, the propensity towards one of the prototypes forms the basis for each individual's "personality structure". The attributes, social implications and prospects for habitation have been translated into animations and surfaces operating within A House for Eve's Four Faces. The presentation illustrates the potential for constructed surfaces to be configured and transformed interactively, responding to the needs and qualities associated with each prototype. The intention is to study the effects of each configuration and how it may be therapeutic in supporting, challenging or altering one's personality as it oscillates and shifts through the four prototypical conditions.


Spontaneous buckling of films with either a thickness gradient or a material gradient offers a new opportunity for creating a variety of non-uniform undulating surface features with wide potential applications. The fundamental buckling mechanisms are explored both numerically and analytically in this article. When the loading direction is perpendicular to the gradient direction, Y-branched wrinkled channels are formed. When the load is parallel to the gradient direction, a transition from local to global buckle is observed as the load increases, and the resulting wavelength and amplitude are non-uniform in the loading direction. An analytical model is established which can effectively predict the buckling characteristics.


In principle, the main criteria in choosing the type of construction might be expected to be economic. Some of the factors warranting consideration include pavement characteristics influencing selection, construction and contracting factors, construction and performance problems, economic evaluation-costs. The general trend throughout the world is towards flexible pavements, and rigid pavements are generally only constructed to an appreciable extent for the heavily trafficked areas. The author gives examples from various European countries, Japan, USA and South Africa. There are indications that factors such as riding quality, safety, noise, and the public's views on them will exert more influence in the future.


Within the framework of viscosity solution, we study the relationship between the maximum principle (MP) from M. Hu, S. Ji and X. Xue [SIAM J. Control Optim. 56 (2018) 4309–4335] and the dynamic programming principle (DPP) from M. Hu, S. Ji and X. Xue [SIAM J. Control Optim. 57 (2019) 3911–3938] for a fully coupled forward–backward stochastic controlled system (FBSCS) with a nonconvex control domain. For a fully coupled FBSCS, both the corresponding MP and the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation combine an algebra equation respectively. With the help of a new decoupling technique, we obtain the desirable estimates for the fully coupled forward–backward variational equations and establish the relationship. Furthermore, for the smooth case, we discover the connection between the derivatives of the solution to the algebra equation and some terms in the first-order and second-order adjoint equations. Finally, we study the local case under the monotonicity conditions as from J. Li and Q. Wei [SIAM J. Control Optim. 52 (2014) 1622–1662] and Z. Wu [Syst. Sci. Math. Sci. 11 (1998) 249–259], and obtain the relationship between the MP from Z. Wu [Syst. Sci. Math. Sci. 11 (1998) 249–259] and the DPP from J. Li and Q. Wei [SIAM J. Control Optim. 52 (2014) 1622–1662].


To investigate the anti-tumor effect of Artemisinin and MCC in vivo,the inhibition effect of Artemisinin and MCC to S180 cells in vivo was evaluated by the tumor weight of the mice bearing tumor and the tumor inhibition rate.To the H22 cells in vivo it was evaluated by the time how long the mice bearing tumor lived.It is resulted that Artemisinin and MCC had the anticancer activity to the S180 cells and H22 cells of the mice bearing tumor.It is conclused that Artemisinin and MCC have the anticancer effect on S180 cells and H22 cells.


Much of the scholarly attention surrounding the media's treatment of the so-called 'war on terror' has focused on its uncritical replication of the Bush administration's rhetorical framing of the conflict, in which the September 11 attacks were seen as acts of war initiating a retaliatory war on terror. While this dominant, martial framing is now being challenged, an equally significant framing remains largely unexamined, one as significant to media rhetoric and public perception as the war trope itself. This article identifies the consistent pattern of dehumanizing metaphor that dominates Western media's coverage. It focuses on newspaper headlines as influentially compressed narratives replicating and recycling key metaphors that systematically figure the enemy as animal, vermin, or metastatic disease. These dehumanizing media representations, which have historically prefigured abuse, oppression, and even genocide, are being circulated as uncritically through newspaper media headlines as Bush's war framing was initially and, we argue, now requires the same critical dismantling.


(57) Abstract: A peripheral device kit for workstation products billing system, display and input unit (109, 109 ') is possible attachable to selectively printed boxes (20) or the base box (102).


Detailed analysis of the geothermal gradients, structural architecture, genetic stratigraphy, and subsidence rate history of the sedimentary basins on the northern margin of the South China Sea (NMSC) reveal three temporally distinct but regionally correlative tectonic extensional episodes. The timing of these pulsed episodes of basin development are: Episode One, Late Cretaceous to Paleocene; Episode Two, late Eocene to early Oligocene; and Episode Three, middle Miocene. Each initiating episode on the NMSC is characterized by an ephemeral ( 3 HFU), formation of regionally en echelon grabens or half-grabens, ensuing transgression, and high subsidence rate (> 50 m/m.y.). Trends of basin boundaries and major fault trends evolved from predominantly northeast for Episode One, to northeast and east-west for Episode Two, and to northwest and east-west and for Episode Three. Tectonically, the northeast and east-west trends resulted primarily from rifting along northwest and north-south extensional directions, respectively. The orientation, sense of displacement and time of activation of the Red River fault, Vietnam fracture zone, and the northeast-east-west and northwest-east-west multiple sets of fractures may be explained as responses to episodic changes in the regional stress field utilizing the guidance of inherited zones of crustal weakness. more » The timing and extent of the hydrocarbon maturation, reservoir development, and stratigraphic-structural closure in the NMSC were directly affected by this pulsed tectonic activity. Therefore, exploration strategies based purely upon the NMSC being a passive rifted margin are both inappropriate and misleading. « less


This paper represents part of the ongoing research into an Intelligent Mobile Autonomous System (IMAS). An intermediate path planning subsystem (Navigator), for the hierarchy of IMAS, is presented which operates in completely known, partially known, and completely unknown environments. Information is passed from a sensor to the Navigator via the "Cartographer" which performs map updating. The interaction and performance of these subsystems are demonstrated in a simulation of the IMAS hierarchy.


The theoretical part contains an analysis of the mathematical model parameters of the existing system of the motor - generator, identification of system and controller design. There are three structures of PID controller proposed. Setting of the controller is performed by four methods.
The practical part models implemented in MATLAB and Simulink. Control algorithms are implemented in LabVIEW.


This paper presents distinct scenario pathways and their storylines resulting from an analysis of interdependencies. We identified the main drivers of a proposed renewable energy transition in rural Mixteca-Puebla, Mexico. By analyzing the main factors involved in alleviating impoverished communities in the rural region, we show the varying degrees to which these drivers influence, support, or hinder a promising energy transition. A Cross-Impact Balance Analysis was conducted to explore the multiple inter-relationships among a set of conditions. This methodology allowed us to evaluate the relationships between social, political, cultural, and environmental variables. The main drivers were identified as clusters of several elements, in which the uncertainties in governance and the legal system trigger the inter-relationship of forces in the area. The focus of this paper is to show how the societal aspects affect the structural energy transformation and its capacity for adaptation in future trends envisioned for the area. This research contributes to the use of technological transformation as a means to alleviate poverty in a rural area. These outcomes give insights regarding the conditions to be considered, in respect to possible–encouraging, but also pessimistic pathways for the region in coming decades.


For a special arrangement of multiple floating bodies, it is known that the wave drift force acting on a body surrounded by a finite number of bodies becomes zero at a certain frequency due to hydrodynamic interactions; which is related to 'cloaking' phenomenon. In order to study this phenomenon in more detail and its application to engineering problems, we have developed an accurate computer code and an optimization scheme using a genetic algorithm and presented some preliminary results. In the present paper, study is made on the wave pattern in the cloaking phenomenon and its relationship with the wave drift force. Specifically, we conducted the measurement of not only hydrodynamic forces but also the wave pattern around vertical circular cylinders of finite draft arranged in a cloaking configuration. Comparison is made between numerical and measured results, and it is shown that when the geometrical parameters of surrounding circular cylinders are optimized such that the total scattered-wave energy becomes minimal, the wave drift force reduces to nearly equal to zero not only on the central cylinder but also outer surrounding cylinders individually.


John Knight's (2012) recent contribution on hunting as sharing has raised some important issues and tried to inject some common sense into what I have long felt was a bit of cognitive New Age reverie. I think Knight was right to emphasize the difference between any metaphysical sharing relationship with a "Master of Animals" (a concept that is frequent in Northern Hemisphere hunter-gatherers) and real in-this-world sharing relationships between people. However, even this aspect is far from universal among all hunter-gatherers (contrary to some claims) and appears to be largely absent from Southern Hemisphere hunter-gatherers. In Australia, totem ancestors may occupy a similar position, but it is not clear to what extent they actually are viewed as controlling access to the animals that they represent or control their fertility. Certainly, there are rituals to increase animal fertility and abundance, as illustrated in the film Walbiri Ritual at Ngama (1969). Similarly, in Southern Africa, the eland plays a powerful role and is depicted abundantly in rock art, sometimes, like the northern Masters of Animals, in therioanthropic form. However, in contrast to the Master of Animals, the role of the eland (and other animals) is as a source of spiritual power for San trance specialists rather than a source of animals for hunters (Lewis-Williams 1980:475, 1987a:171, 1987b:245). It was the actual trance dancers who could control animals and be half-transformed into them (in trance states), perhaps in a fashion similar to North American vision quest animals. In the spirit realm, trance specialists may have had human-like relationships with their "power animals," similar to those of shamans in the Northern Hemisphere (nicely documented by Wilby 2010:142, 144, 196–197, 233, 237). However, this was in the spirit world, not the real world, and pertained primarily to ritual specialists, not everyone. Moreover, among some contemporary groups like the !Kung San, it is not certain that animals are even viewed as having souls. I concur with the general views of nature as provident. However, as Knight and some commentators note, the act of specific real animals offering themselves is aberrant, and such animals would hardly have survived as a species if this were generally true. The


Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with high toxicity and non-biodegradability that could accumulate in food sources. In Iran, studies on the Pb contamination in plant food sources (including cereals and l...


This article reviews three developmental stage concerning the concept of validity in psychometrics,and analyzed the current development——construct validity.The concept of validity has a dynamic and endless process.With the abundance of the content,research method has increasingly diversified.Construct validity can offer evidence to sustain the interpretation of test scores.Through an all-round realization to the concept of validity,we can find the potency and nature of the test from a broader perspective.


There can be no return to Eden. The natural good can be restored and sustained, the beast can be tamed, but...only by the gifts of grace in the supernatural virtues of faith, hope, and charity. Paradise is possible only if the soul is "transhumanised" ("transumanar" is Dante's word); only if the intellect is enabled by faith to fix its vision upon the eternal Good; only if the will is strengthened by hope to pursue that Good; only if the powers of the soul are united in that eternal Charity, that divine amor which moves the sun and the other stars. "That is not only theology for the end of time, but anthropology for the here and now."


Based on the contingency theory of accommodation in public relations, this study examined how South Korean citizens perceive contingency factors related to the issue of multiculturalism, and how their perceptions of the contingency factors influence their attitudes towards the Korean government's public relations (PR) efforts to promote multiculturalism, as well as their intentions to accept multiculturalism in South Korea. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted using the data from a survey of 500 citizens in Seoul. The contingent factors employed in the regression models included predisposing variables (e.g., the characteristics of an organization, PR department, dominant coalition, internal threat, individual, and relationship), as well as situational variables (e.g., threats, the industry environment, the general political and social environment, and the external publics). The results revealed thirteen contingent factors that significantly influence respondents' attitudes towards the government's PR efforts, as well as nine significant factors relating to the acceptance of multiculturalism. Finally, this study discusses the theoretical and practical implications for government PR practitioners.


Summary Germ plasm, a cytoplasmic factor of germline cell differentiation, is suggested to be a perspective tool for in vitro meiotic differentiation. To discriminate between the: (1) germ plasm-related structures (GPRS) involved in meiosis triggering; and (2) GPRS involved in the germ plasm storage phase, we investigated gametogenesis in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. The GPRS of the mitosis-to-meiosis period are similar in males and females. In both sexes, five events typically occur: (1) turning of the primary Vasa-positive germ plasm granules into the Vasa-positive intermitochondrial cement (IMC); (2) aggregation of some mitochondria by IMC followed by arising of mitochondrial clusters; (3) intramitochondrial localization of IMC-originated Vasa; followed by (4) mitochondrial cluster degradation; and (5) intranuclear localization of Vasa followed by this protein entering the nuclei (gonial cells) and synaptonemal complexes (zygotene–pachytene meiotic cells). In post-zygotene/pachytene gametogenesis, the GPRS are sex specific; the Vasa-positive chromatoid bodies are found during spermatogenesis, but oogenesis is characterized by secondary arising of Vasa-positive germ plasm granules followed by secondary formation and degradation of mitochondrial clusters. A complex type of germ plasm generation, 'the follicle cell assigned germ plasm formation', was found in late oogenesis. The mechanisms discovered are recommended to be taken into account for possible reconstruction of those under in vitro conditions.


The present invention relates to a piece of furniture comprising at least a surface formed of at least one monolithic ceramic substrate having a thickness less than 15 mm, an expansion coefficient less than 30.10-7K-1 between 20 and 400 ° C, and a surface greater than or equal to 0.1 m2, and its methods of obtaining.


Abstract Techniques to improve estimation of animal population size and mortality from tagging studies have received substantial attention from terrestrial biologists and statisticians during the last 20 years. However, these techniques have received little notice from fisheries biologists, despite the widespread applicability to fisheries research, the wide variety of tag types used in fisheries research (from traditional fin clips to telemetry tags), and the development of new computer software to assist with analyses. We present a brief review of population models based on recaptures, returns, or telemetry relocations of tagged fish that can be used to estimate population size, total mortality, and components of mortality (i.e., fishing and natural) that are frequently of interest to fisheries biologists. Recommended strategies include (1) use closed population models (e.g., Lincoln-Peterson) to estimate population size for short term studies where closure assumption can be met, (2) use the robust desi...


To optimize the design of water cushion belt conveyor,the basic design parameters of it were studied.The design theory of water cushion belt conveyor was investigated based on the lubrication theory,and the Reynolds equation of water cushion was deduced.The design parameters such as the pressure of water cushion,the pressure of water pump,the water flux,the water resistance,and the muzzles distribution were systematically analyzed.The relevant formulas about the design parameters were presented.The results show that the load capacity of water cushion belt conveyor is composed of hydrodynamic,squeezing and hydrostatic effects.The squeezing effect ensures the conveyor working in order,even if the material distributing on the belt is discontinuous.Different distances among muzzles arrays and pores,and different muzzles flux should be involved for the optimization of muzzles distribution.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the attitudes of disabled employees toward availability of work facilities, treatment of other employees, and the working conditions in the Jordanian public sector. Design/methodology/approach – A purposive sample of disabled public sector employees (198) was selected to participate in the study by filling the designated questionnaire. Findings – Disabled employees reported a relatively moderate level of satisfaction about the availability of facilities. Also, participants are satisfied with the treatment of their supervisors and colleagues and of the working conditions. Disabled female participants and those who hold graduate degrees reported high-satisfaction level about the treatment they receive from their colleagues at work. The findings also showed that 55 percent of the participants were hired based on humanitarian bases as a result of their disability cases compared with 45 percent who were hired based on their qualifications and merits. Practical ...


Introduction Coeliac disease (CD) is common yet under-diagnosed at endoscopy. The optical zoom technology of Pentax Magniview endoscopes can magnify images by 136 times. We aimed to assess the accuracy of Magniview in the detection of duodenal villous atrophy (VA), and the ease of interpretation of live zoomed-in images. Method Patients attending for a gastroscopy from 2014–17 were recruited. Endomysial (EMA) and tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibodies were taken at endoscopy. Appearances of the first and second part of the duodenum (D1 and D2) observed with high definition white light endoscopy (HDWLE) and Magniview were graded on a 3-point scale validated by Cammarota et al.: normal, partial or marked villous atrophy (PVA, MVA). In all patients, quadrantic biopsies were taken from D2 and 1 biopsy from D1. Endoscopic findings of the duodenum were compared to histology as the reference standard. A short training video with 12 clips of normal duodenum and various grades of VA with Magniview was used to train medical staff to identify VA. They were assessed immediately after the training with 22 video clips for the ability to detect normal duodenum, PVA or MVA. Abstract PTH-004 Table 1 Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) Positive Predictive Value (PPV) (%) Negative Predictive Value (NPV) (%) Magniview 86.4 (80.4–91.1) 74.4 (69.3–79.1) 64.7 (60.1–67.0) 90.9 (87.3–93.6) HDWLE 78.4 (71.6–84.2) 86.1 (81.9–89.7) 75.4 (69.8–80.3) 88.0 (84.7–90.7) TTG 74.8 (65.0–82.9) 94.0 (89.0–97.2) 89.2 (81.2–94.0) 85.0 (80.2–88.9) EMA 68.7 (58.6–77.6) 93.4 (88.2–96.8) 87.2 (78.6–92.6) 82.0 (77.2–86.0) Abstract PTH-004 Table 2 Endoscopists Role Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) PPV (%) NPV (%) Consultant 62.5 64.3 50 75 Consultant 100 21.4 42.1 100 Registrar 100 28.6 44.4 100 Registrar 100 71.4 66.7 100 Registrar 100 85.7 80 100 Non-endoscopists Core medical trainee 100 50 53.3 100 Medical student 100 57.1 57.1 100 Medical student 100 35.7 47.1 100 Nurse 100 64.3 61.5 100 Nurse 100 35.7 47.1 100 Nurse 100 64.3 61.5 100 Results A total of 250 patients were recruited (145 females, 58%; age range 16–84, median age 50.5). Ninety-six patients had VA on histology (38.4%), of which 80 were newly diagnosed CD and 16 were persistent VA in known CD patients, leaving the remaining 154 as controls. Magniview had a significantly higher sensitivity in detecting VA compared to HDWLE (p=0.0005). (Table 1) Ten individuals (5 endoscopists and 5 non-endoscopists) undertook the Magniview training, and 9/10 correctly identified all cases of VA. (Table 2) Conclusion Magniview had superior diagnostic accuracy in detecting VA compared to HDWLE. A short training on the identification of VA with Magniview demonstrated its ease of use and suitability for Magniview to be utilised by general endoscopists in their daily practice to increase the detection of CD. Disclosure of Interest W. White: None Declared, M Lau: None Declared, P Mooney: None Declared, M Rees: None Declared, M Burden: None Declared, D Sanders Conflict with: Professor Sanders has received educational research grants from Dr Schaer (a gluten-free food manufacturer) and Tillotts Pharma (producer of a point of care test for celiac disease) for investigator led studies. Dr Shaer and Tillott's Pharma did not have any input in the study design, access to study data, interpretation of the findings or drafting of the manuscript.


Early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is necessary for the patient safety. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a useful tool for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We make two contributions to the solution of this problem in this study. To begin with, we are the first to propose an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis solution based on the MATLAB that does not require any magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre-processing. Second, we apply recent deep learning object detection architectures like YOLOv2 to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A new reference data set containing 300 raw data points for Alzheimer's disease detection/normal control and severe stage (MCI/AD/NC) deep learning is presented. Primary screening cases for each category from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset. The T1-weighted Dicom MRI slice in the MP-Rage series in 32-bit DICOM image format and 32-bit PNG are included in this dataset. By using MATLAB's image label tool, the test data were marked with their appropriate class label and bounding box. It was possible to achieve a detection accuracy of 0.98 for YOLOv2 in this trial without the usage of any MRI preprocessing technology.


DBA/1 mice deficient in expressing the interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) membrane receptor (IFN‐γR KO mice) are more susceptible to collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) than wild‐type mice, indicating that endogenous IFN‐γ plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of CIA. In IFN‐γR KO mice, nitric oxide (NO) production during CIA is impaired. Because NO is known to exert immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory effects in certain model systems, the protective effect of IFN‐γ might be mediated by NO. Here, we tested in wild‐type mice whether inhibition of NO production by metabolic inhibitors, aminoguanidine (AG) and L‐N‐(1‐iminoethyl)lysine (L‐NIL), could mimic the ablation of the IFN‐γ receptor. A high‐dose regimen of AG supplied in the drinking water inhibited NO production, disease development, and anticollagen antibody production but was also associated with transient body weight loss. At a dose and time regimen that still inhibited NO production but did not cause body weight loss, AG failed to affect disease scores. Treatment with L‐NIL, which more specifically than AG affects inducible NO production, caused a slight increase in anticollagen antibody production although not significantly affecting disease occurrence. These data indicate that the diminished capacity of the IFN‐γR KO mice to produce NO following immunization with collagen is unlikely to account for their higher susceptibility to CIA.


Photoluminescence and Raman spectra of thin germanium layers grown on silicon at a low temperature (250°C) have been studied. In structures of this kind, in contrast to those grown at high temperatures, luminescence from quantum wells is observed at germanium layer thicknesses exceeding ~9 monolayers (ML). With the development of misfit dislocations, the luminescence lines of quantum wells are shifted to higher energies and transverse optical (TO) phonons involved in the luminescence are confined to a quasi-2D germanium layer. Introduction of an additional relaxed Si0.95Ge0.05 layer into the multilayer Ge/Si structure leads to a substantial rise in the intensity and narrowing of the luminescence line associated with quantum dots (to 24 meV), which points to their significant ordering. © 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". INTRODUCTION Nanostructures consisting of thin germanium layers on silicon have aroused a growing interest because of the prospects for their use in various electronic and optoelectronic devices [1]. In particular, one important application is associated with the generation of direct gap luminescence in these structures for creating (by means of integrated silicon technology) devices emitting light at 1.5 μm, necessary for fiber-optic communication lines. Quasi-direct transitions are possible in nondirect semiconductors in the case of free-carrier localization. Such a localization is observed in covariant Ge/Si and SiGe/Si heterostructures, with electrons commonly localized in the silicon quantum well (QW) and holes, in the germanium QW. Another possible kind of localization is associated with self-organization on the silicon surface under the action of heteroepitaxial stresses to form an ensemble of nanoclusters—quantum dots (QDs). The difference between the crystal lattice parameters of silicon and germanium [1 monolayer (ML) of Ge is ~1.4 Å thick, and 1 ML of Si is ~1.35 Å] results in that pseudomorphic 2D growth continues in the course of heteroepitaxy to a certain critical thickness (hc) of the germanium film: close to 4 ML, i.e., the wetting layer. With increasing thickness, the stress is relieved via self-consistent growth of dislocation-free germanium clusters on the silicon surface by the Stranski–Krastanow mechanism. First, the so-called hut clusters are formed in the form of tetrahedral pyramids; then, the larger dome clusters. With the thickness increasing further, plastic relaxation of stresses with the formation of dislocations occurs. Owing to the smallness of the clusters, they manifest effects of quantum 1063-7826/01/3508$21.00 © 2 0941 confinement on the electronic spectrum. It has been noticed that lowering the growth temperature Ts to 200°C makes the nanoclusters smaller, their density higher, and hc larger [2, 3]. The intensity of quasidirect-gap luminescence from QDs must increase with a decreasing size and an improving spatial uniformity of the forming nanoclusters. One of the methods of nanocluster ordering is the successive growth of layers with germanium clusters overgrown with silicon layers (vertical self-organization). A photoluminescence spectrum of such structure was reported in [3]. It is known from the literature that the structure of the ensemble of nanoclusters changes substantially in a narrow range of germanium layer thicknesses (approximately up to 15 ML). In [4], this conclusion was confirmed by means of scanning-tunneling and atomic-force microscopies; in [2], this was done by studying the Raman scattering. SAMPLES AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra were studied at germanium layer thicknesses of up to ~15 ML. Multilayer structures with different thicknesses of Ge and Si layers were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on nand p-type (001)Si substrates (5–20 Ω cm). After a standard substrate cleaning procedure, a buffer layer of silicon was deposited onto the substrate at Ts ≈ 800°C and then periodic structures consisting of Ge layers and thicker Si layers were grown at lower temperature. In the final stage, the structure was coated with a protective silicon film several hundred angstroms thick. Data on the growth modes of 001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica" 942 BURBAEV et al . the structures discussed below are presented in the table. PL spectra were measured at T = 2 K with the use of an MDR-2 monochromator. A semiconductor laser with wavelength λ = 0.66 μm (quantum energy hν = 1.87 eV) served as an excitation source. The maximum radiation power was 70 mW, with the power density incident on a sample equal to 4 W/cm2. The emission from the samples was recorded using a liquid-nitrogen– cooled germanium p–i–n photodiode. For some of the samples, to ensure that light is emitted by the QDs or the wetting layer (and not by the substrate), luminescence spectra were recorded from two sides of a sample. At λ = 0.66 μm photoexcited carriers are mainly formed in a layer up to several micrometers deep at the illuminated surface. In the case of illumination from the structure side, the photoexcitation region encloses the entire structure and several micrometers of the substrate and, with illumination from the substrate side, only several micrometers of the substrate, the sample thickness being 300 μm and light incident on the back side not reaching the structure. At photocarrier diffusion lengths common for silicon, we observe emission from both the structure and the substrate in the former case and mainly from the substrate in the latter. Spectra of Raman scattering on optical phonons were measured at room temperature. The excitation was done with argon laser (λ= 0.488 μm), the emitted light was recorded with a U-1000 spectrometer. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The measured PL spectra are presented in Figs. 1–5 for both the structure and the substrate. Emission from QDs appears beginning with germanium layer thicknesses ≥4 ML as a weak broad band QD at hν = 0.75−0.85 eV. With the thickness increasing to 6–8 ML, the emission intensity grows and the band narrows. With the germanium thickness increasing further (to >10–15 ML), germanium clusters form a continuous layer and stress relaxation occurs through the formation of misfit dislocations. In this case, the emission again takes the form of a broad weak band with weak dislocation-related lines observed on its background and then completely disappears. The range of the germanium thicknesses within which the emission intensity is the highest varies with the growth temperature and growth rate and depends on whether or not additional SiGe sublayers relieving the internal stress are present. At fixed growth parameters, the emission lines are shifted to longer wavelengths with increasing germanium layer thickness. The introduction of an additional relaxed SiGe sublayer (sample 9) presumably leads to QD ordering, with the intensity of emission increasing and the emission band narrowing. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the QD emission line in this sample is 24 meV. The lines of emission from QDs should be distinguished from lines associated with dislocations in silicon (D1 line at 810 meV and D2 at 870 meV) lying in the same energy range. The following facts testify that it is the QDs that are responsible for the emission from sample 9. (1) The D1 and D2 lines commonly appear in pairs; the FWHM of dislocation lines is ~10 meV. On raising the temperature to 77 K, the intensity of dislocationrelated luminescence decreases severalfold. A single luminescence line is observed in sample 9 at Structure growth mode Sample 8 Sample 9 Si, 235 Å, 450°C Si, 235 Å, 450°C Si, 20 Å, 250°C ×7 Si, 20 Å, 250°C ×6 Ge, 10 Å, 250°C Ge, 8 Å, 250°C Si, 100 Å, 450°C Si, 100 Å, 450°C Si0.95Ge0.05, 700 Å, 450°C Si, 1150 Å, 780°C Annealed at 1050°C after growth Substrate: p-Si, 7.5 Ω cm Si, 1150 Å, 780°C Substrate: p-Si, 7.5 Ω cm Sample 15 Sample 48 Sample 66 Si, 235 Å, 450°C Si, 300 Å Si, 400 Å Si, 20 Å, 250°C ×7 Ge, 13 Å, 300°C Si, 100 Å ×5 Ge, 13 Å, 250°C Si, 700 Å Ge, 12 Å Si, 100 Å, 450°C Substrate: n-Si, 7.5 Ω cm Si, 400 Å Si, 1150 Å, 780°C Substrate: n-Si, 7.5 Ω cm Substrate: n-Si, 4.5 Ω cm SEMICONDUCTORS Vol. 35 No. 8 2001 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GERMANIUM MONOLAYERS 943


Numerical flow models are nowadays a powerful and widely used tool for groundwater management. Their reliability requires both an accurate physical representation of an aquifer system and appropriate boundary conditions. While the hydraulic parameters like hydraulic conductivity (K) and storativity (S) are spatially dependent and time invariant, groundwater fluxes such as recharge (R), evapotranspiration from groundwater (ETg) and groundwater inflow/outflow (Qgw) can vary in both space and time. Multiplicity of combinations between parameters and fluxes leads to a non-uniqueness of model solutions which limits their reliability and forecasting capability.


The free energies of two low pressure ice forms are calculated over a wide range of temperatures in order to explain relative stability and their negative thermal expansivities in the low temperature regime. One-hundred proton-disordered configurations for hexagonal and cubic ices are generated. The Helmholtz free energy is approximated to a sum of the minimum potential energy, the harmonic free energy and the configurational entropy arising from the disordered nature of protons. The Gibbs free energy at a given temperature is minimized with respect to the volume of the system. This enables us to evaluate the thermal expansivity at a fixed temperature and pressure from only intermolecular interaction potentials. The negative thermal expansivity of ices in low temperature is successfully reproduced. This arises mainly from the bending motion of hydrogen bonded molecules.


Machine Politics in America, 1870-1945 Efforts are underway to reform the historical study of the urban political machine. Once considered the key to much of the history of urban rule, the analysis of machine politics began to wear thin by the early 1970s, trapped within a framework that chronicled the duels between bosses and reformers. By the start of the I98os the study of machine politics was in serious trouble; historians who had grown "tired of the standard bromides" of the boss-reformer scenario vigorously pressed for a fresh approach to the history of urban politics. Miller took a modest step in this direction by discarding the boss-reformer dichotomy but retaining the concept of machine politics as the basis for a broad periodization of urban political organization. Teaford allowed that studies showing a keener sense of variations in boss power might be fruitful, but, like Dorsett and Thelen before him, complained of the bossreformer framework, coming close to advocating that machine politics be abandoned as a cornerstone of the analysis of the urban polity. His call to "rewrite the history of urban politics along new lines" was further evidence, if any was needed, that impatience with bosses and reformers was fast becoming impatience with machine politics itself.1 What makes the wisdom of throwing out the phenomenon with the framework arguable is that the deficiencies of past ac-


Contemporary democracies are more polarized than ever and this chapter inquiries not only about the conditions of possibility for democracy in the context of polarization but also on whether the relationship is one of compatibility or incompatibility. The claim is that if democracy is possible here and there—in contexts characterized by their polarization—it is possible everywhere as long as certain conditions are met. Hence, the response to polarization provides a hint on the (minimal) conditions of possibility for democracy and polarization more than a problem is a great opportunity for democracy and a greater democratization.


We obtain the expressions for the energy and momentum of a relativistic particle by incorporating the equivalence of mass and energy into Newtonian mechanics.


Background The South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis (Daudin) was used to study the hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in amphibians. Preliminary investigations had shown that the liver glycogen in this animal is not only very high but also very stable under physiologic conditions. It was the aim of this study to analyze systematically the effects of hormones and various substances relevant to the glycogen/glucose balance in the adult males and females.[1]


Eating culture is the most active one among folk custom in our daily life.Because of Shangluo City's special geographical and natural environment -across the Yellow rive r and the Changjang river and eating habbits are quite unique.People's eating structure is simple in both food and dish kinds.Furthermore,the eating culture in Shangluo has the feacure of history and humanities,and the main foods and dishes have the traces of culture and history in both south and north China.The most famous dish in Shangluo city is Shangzi.Many eating customs have certain symbol meanings,which express the rich cutural information and people's good wishes.


Abstract : Some 35 years have elapsed since large-eddy simulation (LES) was introduced as a computational tool for weather modeling (Lilly, 1966). Because direct numerical simulation (DNS) will remain prohibitively expensive well into the foreseeable future for high-Reynolds-number flow, LES continues to hold great promise for simulating flows of engineering interest. However, despite the attention the method has received over the past decades, and despite important recent developments (e.g., the notions of "explicit" filtering and localized or "dynamic' modeling (Germano et al., 1992)), LES has been slow to mature as a predictive tool. In contrast, parabolized stability equation (PSE) methodology, for example, which originated in the mid 1980's (Bertolotti et al., 1992), matured quickly and is now ready for use by the aerospace industry for transition prediction. In the author s view, the relatively slow adaptation of LES as a predictive tool arises not from any fundamental flaw in the idea itself but most likely from misconceptions that widely permeate the practice of LES. The current paper addresses three pervasive misconceptions, each of which reveals a lack of clarity regarding the properties of digital filters and the relationship between the grid filter and the subgrid-scale (SGS) model.


Abstract In this paper, a modified two degree of freedom-internal model control structure is proposed with dual feedback loop configuration for load frequency control problem of the single area and two area non-reheated power systems to achieve better transient and steady state performance. Predictive model of the proposed configuration is derived through Routh, Padé and SOPDT approximations. Hence, for all three cases, the proposed configuration is simulated considering the single area and two area power systems with non-reheated turbine along with 50% parametric uncertainty. Finally, a comparison with existing techniques is included to validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed control configuration through responses and error indices. It is observed that the proposed scheme generates better results under parameter variations.


The influence of varying leucine and fetal calf serum (FCS) concentrations in the culture medium on protein synthesis and degradation of chicken embryo myoblasts was examined. Medium +33 contained * , + , , , / or +* (cid:1) FCS and ./1 (original concentration of leucine in Medium +33 ), ,,21 or ./1. m mol leucine/ l . Protein synthesis was measured by incorporation of - H-phenylalanine. Protein degradation was measured by release of -H-phenylalanine once incorporated into myoblasts. There was an interaction between leucine and FCS concentrations on muscle protein synthesis. When FCS was not included in the medium, myoblast protein synthesis was increased with an increment of leucine concentration. At more than / (cid:1) of FCS, myoblast protein synthesis decreased by elevating leucine levels in the medium. Response surface of protein synthesis to varying leucine and FCS concentrations was calculated as follows: Protein synthesis (dpm) (cid:1) +-+1 . / (cid:2) .3/ . 1 X (cid:3) ,3 . - X , (cid:2) .* . 3 Y (cid:3) +3 . 3 XY (cid:2) + . . X , Y, where X is FCS concentration ( (cid:1) ), and Y is leucine concentration ( (cid:4) ./1 . . m mol/ l ). FCS concentration not interacting with the e # ect of varying leucine concentrations on protein synthesis was calculated to be , . .3 (cid:1) . No interaction between leucine and FCS concentrations on muscle protein degradation was observed. The e # ects of varying FCS and leucine levels on myoblast protein degradation showed quadratic response. When FCS increased from * to 1 . ,/ (cid:1) , protein degradation dramatically decreased. However, when FCS increased from 1 . ,/ to +* (cid:1) , protein degradation tended to increase. The most e # ective leucine concentration suppressing protein degradation was calculated to be ,1/+ m mol/ l . Thus, the influence of leucine on protein metabolism of chicken embryo myoblasts is modulated by varying serum concentrations in the medium.


We present a numerical study of energy dissipation in the switching process of Quantum Cellular Automaton (QCA) circuits, for both the non clocked and the clocked case. As a reference circuit, we consider binary wires of different lengths, investigating the relationship between the energy delivered by the external voltage sources and the switching speed, the number of cells, and the maximum operating temperature. Finally, we compare the achieved performance with that of different technological approaches.


Anthropogenically induced changes in winds in the Southern Hemisphere are playing a key role in recent warming of subsurface waters around Antarctica, according to a new study by Spence et al. The warming water increases melting of coastal glaciers and thus could affect sea levels in the future.


Applicational aspects of probabilistic model of measurement processes, proposed by G.B. Rossi, are considered. The main idea of the model - using of Bayes-Laplace postulate for solution of inverse probability problem, is substituted by Fisher's concept of the likelihood function, expressed in the data translated format. This approach gives a clear-sighted solution of inverse probability. Some recommendations for application of the model successfully in conformity assessment and risk evaluation tasks are also presented.


Access control to resources is one of the most important issues for supporting human activities in the digital space. However, existing access control methods are not effective for temporal activities such as visitor access. In this paper, we focus on visitor access control nature in real space, and propose a novel access control scheme utilizing social relationships which is effective for temporal activities. We also evaluate capability of our scheme through experimental results using a prototype system.


The Invisible Hand, by Bruna Ingrao and Giorgio Israel (iggo),, contains a discussion of the present state of general-equilibrium theory from a historical perspective, with far-reaching implications. The authors argue that generations of economists have been unable to supply an adequate mathematical foundation for general equilibrium and that the time may have come to change the strategy in economics, abandoning the long-cultivated concern with equilibrium. The book is important also because it is an expression of a widely shared feeling of discomfort, endorsed by recent economic events.2 It will be recognised as a serious attempt to expose the fragility of general equilibrium theory because it enters into the heart of the matter: mathematics. The Invisible Hand deals with the development of general economic equilibrium theory. It traces the developments in the formalisation of the concept of equilibrium through the history of economics from the French Enlightenment up to the last decade. This is, indeed, an enormous task and the authors should certainly be given credit for their excellent account of almost a quarter of a millennium of economic equilibrium theory. In a dozen chapters the reader is given a fair impression of the basic concepts and prime problems of general-equilibrium theory. An extensive and well-chosen set of notes gives the book an extra dimension. The Invisible Hand is well documented, the extensive bibliography containing items that go beyond the boundaries of the history of economics. As Ingrao and Israel observe, the history of economics 'reveals gross shortcomings in the interdisciplinary field'. The authors have tried to eliminate some of these shortcomings by including elements of science in the book, as expressed by its subtitle: 'economic equilibrium in the history of science'. The Invisible Hand therefore claims to address a wide audience: economists, mathematicians, historians of science, historians of philosophy. Whether this is a correct judgment, however, may be questioned: the details of generalequilibrium theory may appeal only to a minority of the authors' intended audience.