One of the key events of the political genesis of the modern Middle East is the abolition of the Caliphate by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) in 1924. This event was not the obvious consequence of a process of secularization. On the contrary, it could be interpreted as an attempt to reform the Ottoman Empire by modernist Muslim intellectuals, backed by European minded secular Ottoman intellectuals and men of arms, who eventually monopolized power after 1924. This study attempts to reread the abolition of the Caliphate through the life and works of Seyyid Bey, one of the main advocates of this development in the TGNA as well as a leading Ottoman Islamist political thinker. Although little is known about him in Turkey and the Islamic world, his ideas may help us understand the evolution of Muslim political thought in the first quarter of the twentieth century as well as comprehend the episode of the abolition of the Caliphate. Firstly, we will analyze Seyyid Bey's life and political career, then his perception of the Caliphate after the National Independence War and, finally, his famous speech during the debate in the TGNA. We do not know very much of the early life of Seyyid Mehmed Emin. We know that he was born in Izmir in 1873 into a family that emigrated from Central Asia and that he received his education in a medrese. In the first years of the twentieth century, Seyyid Bey graduated from the Hukuk Mektebi, the Law School which was established in 1878 by the reformer Ahmet Cevdet Paşa for the study of secular law. The school curriculum included Fıkıh (Islamic jurisprudence) and Usûl-i Fıkıh (Islamic Legal Methodology) as well as Roman Law, French Law, Ottoman and French language, and Islamic and European history. The school was attended by Muslim and non-Muslim pupils (nearly 10 per cent of the students) as well as experienced civil officers. Seyyid Bey taught Usûl-i Fıkıh in the school, and was included in the academic staff when it became a faculty of the Dar-ül'fünun, the first Ottoman university, established in 1908. He would retain this job until his death. Notes from his lessons were collected in a book called Usûl-i Fıkıh Dersleri (Lessons of Usûl-i Fıkıh), and published in Istanbul in 1910. Seyyid Bey began his political career in 1908 in the ranks of the Committee of Union and Progress ( _ Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, CUP). He represented the moderate Islamist wing of the party in the Ottoman Parliament and proudly defined himself as an unusual person: 'On my head there is no turban [in contrast to the Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 44, No. 2, 275 – 289, March 2008


Objective To study on relationship between insulin resistance and leptin resistance in obese-developing rats cause-effect relationship between them.Methods Twenty rats were separated to two groups by random:normal group fed normal diet and obese-developing group fed high fat diet.The animals were fed five weeks.The tail blood was collected at each weekend, which was used to measured blood sugar, insulin and leptin.Results Weight,levels of blood sugar,insulin and leptin in obese-developing group were higher than normal group.Leptin resistance appeared at the second week and the insulin resistance appeared at the third week.The timing of leptin resistance appearance was earlier than that of insulin resistance appearance in obese-developing rats.It suggested that leptin resistance was the cause of insulin resistance.Conclusion Obesity was the impontant risk factor.


As a new and effective technology, network function virtualization (NFV) manages network nodes to improve service performance for the next-generation network. Despite its promised effectiveness, efficiently deploying the functions to different consumers is the major difficulty presented in NFV. In this article, the multiple-Walrasian auction graphic model combined with virtual network functions of different bundled tree nodes based on Vickrey–Clarke–Grove (VCG) payment is proposed to maximize the social effectiveness of NFV. It is the first work to define the virtualized service as a tree valuation in the NFV market. To solve this problem, novel algorithms, including the valuation structure algorithm and auction strategy, are implemented along with the NFV to schedule network resources. With all theories considered, we conducted a comprehensive simulation to verify the tree valuation mechanism. The results confirmed that the tree valuation mechanism outperforms the backpack auction model and reserve auction model with respect to social welfare.


Now in the STM teaching experiment,only low resolution STM is used,but the samples used are very expensive gold film on silicon substrate.It wastes much lab resources and confines the creativity of students.In this paper,we show that many conductors in our daily lives can be used as good samples in the STM experiment,thus greatly expand the range of samples in the STM teaching experiment.


Flood protection schemes provide a wide range of benefits to people living in the immediate floodplain area and to those living further away from the floodplain area . Since such schemes are public goods, they are often provide and managed by the government or local bodies. According to the Local Government Act (No.3) of 1996, the community based funding of such works are to be al located purely according to benefit received. In other words, those who benefit from the works are required to contribute towards the costs of the works, in proportion to the benefits they received. Hence the need for the quantification of benefits. The Rating Powers Act of 1988 requires the rating of flood protection schemes to take into accoun t direct and indirect beneficiaries. Jn thi s research the aim was to quantify the indirect benefi ts from tlood protection in the Lower Waikato, using the nonmarket valuation technique of Contingent Valuation. In particular the study focused on the indi rect benefic iaries of the Lower Waikato Waipa Flood Control Scheme ( L WWCS). A total of 800 households in the indirect benefit area of the LWWCS were sent a mail questionnaire to elicit their willingness to pay for indirect fl ood protection. A return rate of 3 I percent was obtained. The resu lts obtained indicated that 56.8 percent of the respondents perceived to benefit from the L WWCS, and 65 .3 percent respondents believed that flood protection was worth paying for. The dollar value allocated to indirect flood protection in the Lower Waikato was estimated at $21 .40 per year per household.


Electricity has long been taken for granted in much of the western world. It is such an essential part of our everyday lives that we accept its 24 hours-a-day availability almost without thinking, at least until the bill arrives. Yet recent changes in political and economic philosophy have led to greater scrutiny of the sector and its structure. However, in a field so historically sensitive, both politically and economically, for many years calls for reform and liberalization met with significant opposition. The negotiations on EC electricity liberalization have been difficult, hard-fought and, as a result, lengthy. The many compromises which have had to be made have led to a rather uncertain situation as regards the requirements of this new phase of liberalization. One of the consequences of this uncertainty is the reciprocity provision in the Directive for the internal market in electricity. This paper places the idea of reciprocity in electricity trade in the context of the EC-level liberalization negotiations, before analyzing the purpose of such reciprocity provisions, both in general and in the energy context. It then moves to a legal analysis of the framework for the operation of the reciprocity clause in the EC's first electricity Directive: this covers both the terms of the Directive themselves and their interaction with general principles of free movement and competition law under the EC Treaty. It is concluded that the provision itself leaves much to be desired as a matter of drafting and practical operation; further, Member State attempts to enforce national law reciprocity provisions will need to be scrutinized very carefully to ensure that they do not run contrary to the laws of the EC's internal market.


In situ stress has a large influence on blasts in deep mines and should be considered in blasting design. In this study, explosion crater tests were conducted to investigate the variation of specific charges under different stress loading conditions. It was revealed that rock blasting under high stress is different from that under low stress. A correction coefficient for specific charge was defined to consider the influence of in situ stress on blasting. A quantitative relation between the correction coefficient, stress-to-strength ratio, and lateral stress coefficient was presented. Based on the explosion-crater test results, a design method for specific charges was proposed with the consideration of in situ stress. Finally, the design method was applied to a field blasting test at Hongtoushan Copper Mine. The test results indicate that the proposed design method can effectively use the high in situ stress at depth for rock fragmentation. Compared with the original blasting design, the specific charge is reduced by 19.8% and the average block rate is reduced from 6.8% to 2.84%. At the same time, the blasting boundary is well controlled and the ore loss and dilution rates are reduced. This research has important guiding significance to deep mine blasting design.


This article discusses the use of Fixed Anti-icing Spray Technology (FAST) through its technical aspects. FAST systems are comprised of control components, such as weather-hardened components, microprocessor-based controls, local and remote diagnostics and activation, and Road Weather Information Systems compatibility, as well as pumps and their housing, valve and nozzle assemblies, electrical and fluid conduits, and Road Weather Information Systems (RWIS) if applicable. RWIS in combination with FAST are used in either active or passive capacities, either automatically deploying the system's anti-icing agents or only deploying them through a controller's designation. Automatic FAST activation can be sensor driven or though an RWIS interface. The three main considerations to take into account when designing a FAST system are design, installation, and maintenance. Included in the article is a typical scenario involving an RWIS/FAST integrated system at a bridge site. The article closes with a brief discussion of the necessity of understanding the limitations of a FAST system. This system, which is explicitly not a deicing product, can be used in ice abatement for roadways only as a complement to standard snow management plans. FAST is only effective to augment existing deicing practices that a public utility already uses; it does not replace them.


Sound absorption measurements have been made in oxygen-helium, oxygen-hydrogen and oxygen-deuterium mixtures to investigate the effect of light impurities on the collisional de-excitation of vibrationally excited oxygen molecules. The results are compared with the theory of Herzfeld and Litovitz and it is found that the calculations overestimate the efficiency of the impurity in all cases. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.


A 44 GHz frequency band from 252 GHz to 296 GHz has been identified for communications in WRC 2019. This frequency band will be the 300 GHz band, which is expected to provide transmission rates in excess of 100 Gb/s for 6G. In this paper, the requirements for ultra-wideband wireless communications in the sub-THz band, including the 300 GHz band, is discussed and present a 300 GHz CMOS wireless transceiver capable of transmitting data rates up to 80 Gb/s.


DESPITE increasing recognition over the past twenty-five years of the importance of urinary-tract infections as a cause of chronic renal disease1 2 3 4 there are relatively few and contradictory clinical5 6 7 and autopsy4 , 8 9 10 11 data regarding the prevalence of these infections in the general population. One of the factors responsible for this has been uncertainty concerning the major diagnostic tool, culture of the urine, as a method for differentiating true infections from bacterial contamination of the lower genitourinary tract. This obstacle has been overcome by the recent revival of the use of quantitative cultures, and criteria for the significance of bacteriuria.12 13 14 15 16 17 On the basis . . .


See related article, pages 165–171

Cardiac ischemia is the leading killer in the developed world. It is a complex pathology, with myriad factors—electrical, chemical, metabolic, mechanical, and immunological—manifesting on scales ranging from the molecular to the whole organism. So it is not surprising that, despite decades of study, we cannot succinctly identify "the" injury that is central to this disorder. But, ultimately, the fate of millions of people comes down to what happens to a cardiac myocyte when it is deprived of its blood supply. It can die—by necrosis, apoptosis, or mechanical self-destruction. It isn't always easy to decide when it is "dead." It can lose its contractile function, its relaxation function, and/or its electrical function. It can hibernate and, if provoked by earlier nonlethal episodes of ischemia, it can "learn" to protect itself on time scales from minutes to weeks.

It would make sense, then, to study cardiac ischemia at the single-cell level. This turns out to be surprisingly difficult to do. The isolated cardiac myocyte in the laboratory is normally bathed in an ocean of moving fluid. In contrast, even under the best of conditions, the myocyte in its native habitat is secluded from its sources of nutrition. The pO2 at the myocyte surface is normally no more than 20 torr. The extracellular space, in which the cell must dispose of its metabolic waste, is tiny. In the heart, it is very easy to make a myocyte ischemic. In a petri dish, it is almost impossible. When studying cardiac myocytes on a patch-clamp apparatus, it is customary to bubble the perfusing solution with oxygen. If you use nitrogen instead, you will see no change in physiology! To make matters worse, present-day methods of measuring the electrical activity of a myocyte require that it be freely accessible …


This study offers a framework for identifying areas of agreement and disagreement across eight recent teacher education reform documents. Researchers analyzed each document in relation to the reform principles proposed by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future (NCTAF). They developed a rubric to assess whether the documents expressed agreement or disagreement with the NCTAF principles and, if so, to determine the extent of the agreement/disagreement. The analysis indicated that, based on means and standard deviations, two principles elicited the strongest agreement: that teacher education programs should (1) include strong disciplinary preparation that incorporates an understanding of a discipline's core concepts, structure, and tools of inquiry as a foundation for subject matter pedagogy and (2) seek to develop multicultural competence in their students. The principle that teacher education programs should add an additional year or two of graduate-level preparation beyond the traditional 4-year undergraduate degree evoked the least amount of support. The paper considers these three variables for further discussion, and it examines one principle that had mid-range level of agreement (performance assessment) . Finally, the paper offers suggestions for how future inquiry into teacher education reform can benefit from recognizing areas of agreement and disagreement across a common set of principles. Two appendixes present a rubric for assessing degree of consistency/inconsistency with NCTAF principles and recommendations for reform proposals. (Contains 16 references.) (SM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


To investigate the change law of functional components and exterior color of honeysuckle flowers (HF) during controlled-atmosphere heat pump drying, nitrogen was used as drying medium in this study to reduce the oxygen concentration. The influences of drying temperature, HF's loading amount and oxygen concentration on chlorogenic acid content, cynaroside content and L value (on behalf of browning degree) were explored, and the degradation kinetics models of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were constructed. The results showed that chlorogenic acid content, cynaroside content and L value decreased with the rise of temperature, HF's loading amount and oxygen concentration. The degradation kinetics models of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside during the drying process were established through introducing an exponent r related to time t in the first order reaction kinetics equation. The models had good fitting precision and can be used to predict the degradation law of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside.
Keywords: honeysuckle flowers, controlled-atmosphere heat pump drying, chlorogenic acid, cynaroside, degradation kinetics
DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160904.1940

Citation: Luo L, Yang B, Zhu W X, Ren G Y, Duan X, Kang X Y. Degradation kinetics of functional components of honeysuckle flowers during controlled-atmosphere heat pump drying. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(4): 159-168.


The electron Backscatter Diffraction technique was used to analyze abnormal growth in Ag thin films and to determine the relationship between twinning and texture.It was found that in the presence of a 〈111〉 texture one twin boundary is parallel to the film surface.Frequent twinning did not change texture significantly,but may lead to the formation of hexagon pyramids.Each pyramid is composed of a twin pair,and its surfaces is covered by 6 {111} planes from two grains with a twin relationship.When the 〈111〉 texture is not strong further weakening of the 〈111〉 texture occurs due to twinning.


At the present time, hundreds of millions of active users all around the world are using online social network, such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and LinkedIn. This service turned out to be one of the most well- liked and accepted services on the Internet. With the quick development of information technology and networking, the users became able to share many things on the web such as pictures, videos, their daily activities, attended events and even their location. Nonetheless, the majorities of social networks have weak user to user authentication method, which is based on some basic information like displayed name, photo. These weaknesses make it effortless to misuse user's information and do identity cloning attack to form fake profile. Currently, Facebook has 955 million active users. Of this whole, approximately 8.7 percent (which is equal to 83 million users) is fake accounts. Fakes can introduce spam, manipulate online rating, or exploit knowledge extracted from the network. This enormous number of fake profiles can cause hazards for privacy and security such as spying, misusing personal information, identity thievery, and compromise privacy of users and their families. This paper will be discussing data hiding techniques to hide some information in profile pictures in order to detect botnets and fake profiles and finally will propose an automated model to detect fake profiles and botnets instead of current manual method which is costly and labor-intensive. Keywords: Fake book, Trust, Privacy, social Network, Steganography, Watermarking, botnets


Bobby Baker, London, Profile Books, 2010, 232 pp, ISBN: 978-1-84668-374-9, (£15.00) (pbk) Between March and August 2009 the Wellcome Collection displayed 158 drawings by the performance artist Bobb...


We thank Drs Diwan and Nair for their interest in our recent Daring Discourse pertaining to diaphragm-sparing nerve blocks for shoulder surgery.[1][1] In their letter to the editor, Diwan and Nair opine that, based on their data, a T2-T3 erector spinae plane block constitutes "another diaphragm-


Technological developments, which are closely related to the tourism sector, have led to the concepts of "smart tourism". The smart city approach is the basis of smart concepts for tourism. For this reason, in order to realize "smart tourism" applications in a tourism destination, it is necessary to develop "smart city" infrastructure for that city first. Therefore, it would be a correct approach to evaluate "smart city" and "smart tourism" applications as integrated with each other, enhancing and enriching the quality of life of the local people in that city, and enriching the experiences of those who temporarily visit that city, supported by advanced internet technologies.
When we look at the current "smart tourism" objects, it is seen that internet-supported applications have been developed in important tourism destinations, which especially regulate the tourist's use of time, make use of transportation services, obtain information about tourist attractions, and facilitate their use. These are the practices that contribute significantly to the quality of the touristic experience of the tourist at the destination. Thus, it is very important to develop applications related to "smart tourism", primarily in destinations that have worldwide awareness and significant touristic attractions.
Keywords: "Smart city", "smart tourism", information technologies, modernization, urban planning.


We conducted a study of the flood tolerance of nine wetland tree species on seven soil types. Seedlings were subjected to 11 months of continuous shallow inundation or moist soil conditions on three mineral soils, two organic soils, a manufactured soil designed to mimic the practice of layering muck over mineral soil, and a stockpiled topsoil. Taxodium ascendens, T. distichum, Acer rubrum, and Pinus serotina suffered no mortality; Fraxinus caroliniana (1%), Liquidambar styraciflua (8%), P. elliottii (8%), and Gordonia lasianthus (24%) suffered low to moderate mortality; and Persea palustris (46%) suffered significant mortality. In general, greatest net height and total biomass were achieved on moist organic soils, and least net height and total biomass were achieved on stockpiled topsoil and inundated soils. Responses to hydrological conditions were less pronounced for Taxodium spp. If the results of this experiment are transferable to the field, then Acer rubrum, Fraxinus caroliniana, Pinus serotina, Taxodium ascendens, and Taxodium distichum seedlings can reasonably be expected to survive at least one year under a broad range of hydrological and edaphic conditions. With the exception of Taxodium spp., first-year growth for the species of this study can be facilitated by maintaining moist but not inundated conditions. These findings suggest that transfer of organic soils will benefit restoration and creation efforts, and that layering organic soil over mineral soil is more effective than using mineral soils or stockpiled topsoil.


Aim To report a method for synthesis of poly N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-Met(PHPMA-Met)macromolecule prodrug.Methods With AIBN as initiator,Polymerization of PHPMA is synthesized with monomer HPMA by radical reaction;then PHPMA-Met is synthesized thorugh using the reaction of PHPMA and Met by chloroacetyl chloride as connect the base.The products are characteriized by FTIR,elementary analysis and DSC.Results The content of Met in the prodrug is more than 15%.Conclusion The macromolecular prodrug preparation method is simple,mild,and has high yields with good prospect of application.


The low-level stress induced excess current (SIEC) characteristics of 92 /spl Aring/ wet oxide are investigated in detail. As a result of the systematic investigations of the low-level E-J characteristics and the corresponding changes of net oxide charge, we have found that SIEC can be interpreted as electron tunneling processes into five kinds of different traps. As for the reproducible SIEC components, a quantitative analysis has been developed. By precisely modeling the trap assisted tunneling process, it has been shown that the E-J and t-J characteristics of the pretunneling region can be completely simulated as an electron tunneling process into the neutral trap. Using this analysis, it has been found that the local neutral trap density in bulk SiO/sub 2/ remains constant under the same hole fluence Qhole, regardless of the electric field strength during V/sub g/>0 FN stresses. In consequence, it has been concluded that the neutral trap has been created by holes injected into the oxide during the stresses.


The Party's ideological and organizational building can be integrated with colleges and universities' moral education through recruiting Party members among college students. The recruitment is the need of socialist construction which is carried forward and pushed into the future. We should select excellent youth according to the normal standards of recruiting, not pursuing the scope of quantity. We must be strict with the quality of new members .


TEACHING school music methods by television is something the author had never done before, but she had taught methods, and knew what a TV looked like. Long and successful experience in music education had accustomed her to new developments and devices-and new ventures. Here is told a story of what turned out to be a very successful venture indeed; audience increased gradually, and-the real test-many requests were received for continuing the telecourse another summer.


Due to cost concerns, significant changes have been made in the silicon manufacturing process leading to thinner Si wafers. This change brings many challenges for copper metallization. One of the biggest challenges is to maintain low internal stress of the copper deposit. This is key to avoid solar wafer warpage and maintain good adhesion. Copper deposits with high ductility are also desired to prevent or reduce the potential for the copper deposit to crack under stress over time. Ideal copper deposits exhibit low internal stress and high ductility. However, development of this plating chemistry is a challenge, as improvement in one attribute typically comes at the expense of another. In this paper, the performance of new acid copper electroplating bath capable of achieving both low internal stress and good ductility will be highlighted. Additive impact on copper deposit material properties and correlation between these properties and performance will be discussed.


Traditional fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is commonly used to purify desired cell populations from the bulk cell suspension with high throughput. However, there are many biological applications that are not possible on FACS because they require imaging to classify cell types. One such application is the nuclear translocation assay, where the fluorescent signal moves from the cytosol into the nucleus in activated cells. The total fluorescence signal does not change upon activation so traditionally FACS cannot discern dormant and activated cells. Imaging is required to determine if a cell is activated based on the localization of fluorescence in the cell. With recent development in machine learning, optimized neural networks can learn more effective and compact cell image features than traditional feature design techniques. We have developed a cell image classification workflow that uses unsupervised clustering to identify the subpopulations present in a sample, allows the user to pick which subpopulation to sort, and a supervised classifier that is able to perform real-time cell classification to make sort decisions. We present results applying this workflow to perform a nuclear translocation assay. The nuclear and cytosolic cells were classified with 98.7% precision and 87.4% recall with a latency of <0.4 ms per cell. This accuracy and speed demonstrate that this classification workflow can be used to perform the nuclear translocation assay in an Image Activated Cell Sorter.


summary. We expect the findings of this study will draw attendees' attention to the needs and influential factors of selfmanagement for patients with COPD, as well as helping healthcare professionals understand the importance of educating family members and discussing the benefits of self-management. Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is ranked as the seventh leading cause of death in Taiwan. Most studies have focused on outcomes of COPD self-management programs; few have assessed patients' needs. Effective and satisfying patient education must include not only the content, which educators believe is necessary for disease self-management, but also the information the patient values and needs. Therefore, understanding the COPD patients' needs is an important issue for nursing care. Objectives. This study's aim was to understand the needs and influential factors of self-management for COPD patients. Methods. This study used a qualitative descriptive interview design. Participants with COPD of various severities were recruited by convenience sampling. Interview data were collected in the thoracic outpatient department and pulmonary rehabilitation room of a medical center in northern Taiwan. We used the PRECEDEPROCEED model to guide understanding the needs and influential factors of self-management behaviors for COPD participants. Results. A total of 20 patients with COPD, all male, participated in this study. Analysis of interview data resulted in nine themes, which described the needs of disease self-management: managing symptoms, managing medications, emotional adjustment, healthy Reference. Chen, K.H., Liu, C. Y., Shyu, Y.I.L., & Yeh, S. L. (2016). Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The process of self-managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Journal of Nursing Research, 24(3), 262-271. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000152 Author information*. Kang-Hua Chen, Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com Needs' Assessment of Self-Management with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Nien-Chen Yao, Kang-Hua Chen* College of Medicine, School of Nursing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan eating, promoting sleep quality, maintaining a healthy life, quitting smoking, preventing catching a cold, and preventing falling. Three influential factors influenced the needs of self-management: predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors. Predisposing factors included patient knowledge about COPD, motivation of self-care, self-perception of disease severity and presence of other chronic diseases. Enabling factors included time required to travel to the hospital. Reinforcing factors included support (from family, friends, healthcare professionals) and self-perception of medical outcomes. Conclusion. Our findings provide a better understanding of the needs and influential factors of self-management for COPD patients. Although a patient's perspectives of the needs for disease selfmanagement may differ from healthcare professionals, the patient should be considered the expert in terms of what is important in their life. Older patients with COPD in Taiwan are often more dependent on their caregiver or families when they travel to hospital to participate in rehabilitation, suggesting that families play a key role in motivating patients to attend healthcare programs. A patient-centred program of disease self-management should not only focus on patients' health problems and psychological distress, but also on educating family members about the benefits of self-management.


Business Knowledge Graph is important to many enterprises today, providing the factual knowledge and structured data that steer many products and make them more intelligent. De-spite the welcome outcome, building business KG brings prohibitive issues of deficient structure, multiple modalities and unmanageable quality. In this paper, we advance the practical challenges related to building KG in non-trivial real-world systems. We introduce the process of building an open business knowledge graph (OpenBG) derived from a well-known enterprise. Specifically, we define a core ontology to cover various abstract products and consumption demands, with fine-grained taxonomy and multi-modal facts in deployed applications. OpenBG is ongoing, and the current version contains more than 2.6 bil-lion triples with more than 88 million entities and 2,681 types of relations. We release all the open resources (OpenBG benchmark) derived from it for the community. We also report benchmark results with best learned lessons 1 .


The aim of the present study was to find a method alternative to enzymic hydrolysis for the analysis of grape terpenyl glycosides. GC after trimethylsilane derivatisation, and HPLC on four different stationary phases, ie bare silica, aminopropyl-, diol- and octadecyl-bonded silicas, were in turn considered for the separation of these aroma precursors extracted from grape juice, and specific enzymic hydrolyses with highly purified glycosidases showed which were the major components. These investigations show that reversed-phase liquid chromatography is better suited for both the direct and individual analysis of these glycosides.


The dielectric and pyroelectric properties of c-domain ferroelectric films with linear dielectric buffer layers were investigated theoretically. Computations were carried out for multilayers consisting of PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 with Al2O3, SiO2, Si3N4, HfO2, and TiO2 buffers on metalized Si. It is shown that the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of such multilayers can be increased by the presence of the buffer compared to ferroelectric monolayers. Calculations for PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 films with 1% Al2O3 interposed between electrodes on Si show that the dielectric and pyroelectric coefficients are 310 and 0.070 μC cm−2  °C−1, respectively. Both values are higher than the intrinsic response of PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 monolayer on Si.


It is our great pleasure to welcome you to Trento for ISSTA 2010, the 19th International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis. ISSTA is the leading research conference in software testing and analysis and brings together academics, industrial researchers, and practitioners to exchange new ideas, problems, and experience on how to analyze and test software systems. The ISSTA 2010 program includes keynotes, technical, tool, and doctoral symposium papers, tutorials and workshops.

ISSTA 2010 attracted over 100 submissions, which demonstrates the ongoing interest in the field. Each submission was evaluated by at least three members of the Program Committee. The Program Committee met to discuss the submissions and accepted 23 papers that cover a variety of topics, including formal verification, symbolic execution, test input generation, debugging, and concurrency testing and analysis. In addition, the program includes two distinguished keynote speakers: Christian Ferdinand (AbsInt) and Patrice Godefroid (Microsoft Research).

The ISSTA week includes five workshops and two tutorials:
PADTAD: Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Systems: Testing, Analysis, and Debugging
SSEAT: Workshop on State-space Exploration for Automated Testing
STOV/MIIT: Joint Workshop on Software Test Output Validation & Model Inference In Testing
WODA: Workshop on Dynamic Analysis
SBT: Tutorial on Search-based Testing, given by Phil McMinn
JPF: Tutorial on Automated Testing with Java PathFinder, given by Corina Pasareanu and Willem Visser


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to food industry, in particular, to a method of maintaining freshness of emulsified meat loaf type food products, in a sauce or jelly for a long period of time. Method comprises placing emulsified meat loaf type food product and sauce or jelly in a container, in which opening for container is located on side opposite to sauce or jelly, wherein amount of sauce or jelly ranges from 20 to 40 wt% of emulsified meat loaf type food product. Sauce or jelly apart from water includes kappa-carrageenan, locust bean gum and guar gum, and jelly also contains potassium chloride. EFFECT: when extracting meat loaf type food products from container sauce or jelly coat outer surface of meat loaf type food products, do no flow therefrom, do not dry up and maintain freshness for at least 3 hours. 6 cl, 5 tbl, 6 ex, 1 dwg


The length of the rods of intact myosin molecules and of isolated myosin rods were determined under a variety of conditions by electron microscopy. In all experiments, except for freeze-drying, the temperature and pH were kept at 20 degrees C and 7.0. Glycerol was found to have a marked effect on the stability of myosin especially for air-dried molecules. In the presence of 0.3 M of volatile buffer salts, e.g., ammonium acetate, -formate, -benzoate, -bicarbonate, -carbamate, 30 to 50% of glycerol were needed to get average lengths of myosin rods comparable to published values and to the values of freeze-dried molecules (145-149 nm). Below 10% glycerol the average length of rods was shorter by about 10 and 20 nm in intact myosin and isolated rods, respectively. Chloride caused a significant concentration-dependent shortening of myosin rods due to destabilization of the alpha-helical double coiled rod structure. Similar or higher concentrations of volatile salts, not containing chloride as an anion, had no shortening effect. Thus, subtle influences depending on the composition of the dispersion solution on the final appearance and lengths of myosin rods have to be considered, before studying temperature- and pH-dependent changes of myosin rod structure [15].


The same globalisation of markets and developmental inequalities that have helped draw renewed attention to problems of corruption in recent years also confront us with the dilemma of cross-border corruption. Crossborder corruption involving international interests, actors, capital and economic processes (both licit and illicit) is a potentially serious problem in affluent and developing countries alike, and raises important questions for both analysts and would-be reformers. Monitoring, oversight and the gathering of reliable data are difficult enough with respect to legitimate international trade. For cases of domestic corruption, such challenges are even greater. But cross-border corruption occurs within and among many jurisdictions, each of which may experience only a part of a much more complicated process. A world in which capital, people, information and enterprises move freely and rapidly from place to place offers new development opportunities of many sorts, but also makes accountability more difficult: because the agents of cross-border corruption are capable of doing business almost everywhere, it is difficult to hold them accountable anywhere. Even when domestic governments or international organisations decide to confront the problem, the result can be a mismatch: governments of developing states, and international organisations with their finite resources and limited mandates, may be no match politically or economically for powerful interests, often working in secret, that hold the leverage underlying cross-border corruption.


1. During the past 10 years from 1970 to 1979, 96 cases were hospitalized to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Jikei University Hospital for the treatment of tracheo-bronchial and esophageal foreign bodies. The incidence was 0. 14 % of the outpatients who newly visited the Department. Out of the 96 cases, 32 had foreign bodies in the tracheo-bronchus, while 64 had foreign bodies in the esophagus. Each one fatal case was encountered in both groups of tracheo-bronchial and esophageal foreign bodies.2. Tracheostomy was performed in 8 cases of tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies and one case of esophageal foreign bodies.3. The two-thirds of peanuts foreign bodies were encountered during 5 month period from October to February.4. In most adult cases, tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies were found in the right bronchus, while in infants this was not necessary the case. Sharp esophageal foreign bodies were found at any portion of the esophagus.5. Selective bronchial washing was found to be effective for the treatment of crashed bronchial foreign bodies and for prevention of complication. The removal of sharp esophageal foreign bodies was safely performed by the use of a rigid esophagoscope with a cuffed endotracheal tube (Portex) attached to the tip.


The limitations of the standard agglutination test for the diagnosis of brucellosis are well known and have been described by many authors, among them Huddleson (1943), Griggs and Case (1948), and Steele and Emik (1950). The great variation in the performance of these tests using so-called standard methods has indicated the need for a better diagnostic test. Furthermore, the difficulty of isolating brucella from blood cultures and the


This paper looks into usage of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) in two different network architectures defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the Moby Dick research project. These two architectures seem to have similar goals but fairly different approach to reach them. The 3GPP architecture has a clear telecom background with backward compatibility requirements towards circuit switched networks. Still, Internet Protocol (IP) is seen as the base protocol for future connectivity also in the 3GPP architecture. The Moby Dick architecture has more straightforward approach. It takes physicaland data-link layer transmission functionalities of different access network as given, and exchange all existing higher-level tasks by fully IP-based mechanisms. The Moby Dick architecture is based on using enhanced Mobile IPv6 and also more the Internet oriented than the 3GPP architecture.


Genotype by environment interaction for growth rate in G1 of the same selection program has been published. However, there is no repeated figure in later generations for confirming and well-planning the design of selection program for further improvement. The experiment was conducted using selective population of generation 4 with 97 families tested in 3 environments. Growth (body weight) and survival rate at harvest weight were recorded and evaluated. There was no genotype by environment interaction for both traits with high genetic correlations of the same traits tested between ponds in the Central and in the South of Vietnam of 0.80 and 0.83, respectively. There was also no genotype by environment interaction for growth rate between ponds in the South of Vietnam and bio-security indoor tank with high genetic correlation of 0.91. These results indicated that the number of testing environments would be reduced to save the operation cost for a breeding program. Estimated genetic response was from moderate to high for growth trait corresponding to moderate to high heritabilities (0.20 - 0.45) and high for survival rate corresponding to high heritabilities (0.34 - 0.45).


Sutures made with different materials are used in surgery for multiple reasons. These materials may be monofilament or multi filaments based on either natural or synthetic content. Mechanical and physical properties of sutures are crucial requirements to make an informed decision for their appropriate use in surgery. This study was aimed at determining and comparing the tensile strength of sutures made with silk and vicryl materials in straight and knot pull. An experimental study was conducted. Samples of sutures made with silk and vicryl used for surgery were collected from various pharmaceutical companies of Lahore. These were evaluated for their tensile strength by using DX Instron tester with two configurations. The results depicted that multifilament suture made with silk fiber had better tensile strength as compared to the vicryl in both straight and knot pull type.


The purpose of the current study was to extensively investigate not only bystander roles but also individual bystanders' moral emotional responses in the context of cyberbullying based on the perpetrator's perceived popularity and the message type. Data from 566 adolescents in grade 7 attending six middle schools in South Korea were used to identify their bystander behavior and moral emotions in response to vignettes about cyber scenarios. Using latent profile analysis, the current study identified five types of bystanders: limited bystanders, pro-bullies, outsiders, defenders, and inconsistent bystanders. Moreover, multinomial logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictive power of the moral emotions of each bystander type. The findings indicated the importance of understanding bystanders' roles for designing effective intervention strategies regarding moral emotions, leading to adolescents' improved moral sensitivity.


One of the ways to observe the hotspot created by forest fires in Indonesia is through Remote sensing imagery, such as MODIS, NOAA AVHRR, etc . Central Kalimantan is one of the areas in Indonesia with the highest hotspot data. In this research, MODIS FIRMS hotspot data in Central Kalimantan collected from 2017 – 2019, covering 13 districts: South Barito, East Barito, North Barito, Mount Mas, Kapuas, Katingan, Palangkaraya City, West Kotawaringin, East Kotawaringin, Lamandau, Murung Raya, Pulang Pisau, Seruyan, and Sukamara. That is four aspects that this research evaluated: 1) evaluating the spatial pattern using the Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA); 2) evaluate the hotspot density appearance using Kernel Density; and 3) correlation analysis between rainfall data and MODIS FIRMS. As a result, the hotspot in Central Kalimantan shows a clustered pattern. While the natural breaks KDE algorithm shows the most relevant result to represent the hotspot distribution. Finally, the hotspot is low correlated with rainfall; however, is see that most of the hotspot (~90%) appeared in low rainfall month (less than 3000 mm/month). Keywords : Forest fire, Hotspot, NNA, Kernel density, Central Kalimantan DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/jglitrop.v4i1.74


Abstract : Thermal protection of heat-stressed surfaces of a hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) flying in dense layers of atmosphere with hypersonic velocities (M greater than or equal 7) is now one of the most actual problems 1,2. In HFV developed under the "Ajax" concept it is supposed that in the most heat- stressed parts of a skin and engine the chemical catalytic reactors will be placed in which the high endothermic processes of decomposition of initial hydrocarbon fuel with the help of steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane and its liquid homologues have to be implemented 3. Such organization of the process of thermochemical conversion of hydrocarbons onboard a flight vehicle (FV) will enable 4: - to increase a portion of useful usage of a FV power resource at the expense of a chemical recuperation of heat losses connected as with aerodynamic heating of a skin under the hypersonic flight conditions and power plant operation; - to increase cooling capability of fuel by means of physical-chemical transformations (heating vaporization endothermic reactions) of initial components; - to provide an active thermal protection (ATP) of heat-stressed parts of construction using not only heat removal by means of convection and radiation but also its absorption in a catalytic reaction run directly on the protected surface; - to influence positively on the conditions of a FV airflow-around at the expense of a skin construction cooling; - to obtain in reaction a synthesis gas (mixture of H2 and CO) which will be directed to the combustion chamber for improvement of a fuel combustion characteristics. Thermochemical reactors (TCR) of various kinds used as elements of a HFV thermal protection as usual should decide two problems:


Compression stockings were tested and taping therapy was conducted in this study which targeted hospital nurses. Effects on edema, pain in the lower extremities, and fatigue were investigated to complete the assessment. This study is a crossover design and the participants were 20 hospital nurses. Experimental data were collected three times in a control group and two experimental groups. A two-week break was implemented between each experimental treatment to prevent the experimental effects. The results showed that taping therapy was effective in reducing pain in the lower extremities of hospital nurses. Compression stocking was partially effective in reducing edema in the lower extremities of hospital nurses. However, fatigue was not significantly different. Therefore, it is recommended that the method be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for lower extremities among hospital nurses.


The function of nuclear factor (NF)-κB within the developing and mature CNS is controversial. We have generated transgenic mice to reveal NF-κB transcriptional activity in vivo. As expected, constitutive NF-κB activity was observed within immune organs, and tumor necrosis factor-inducible NF-κB activity was present in mesenchymal cells. Intriguingly, NF-κB activity was also prominent in the CNS throughout development, especially within neocortex, olfactory bulbs, amygdala, and hippocampus. NF-κB in the CNS was restricted to neurons and blocked by overexpression of dominant-negative NF-κB-inducible kinase or the IκBαM super repressor. Blocking endogenous neuronal NF-κB activity in cortical neurons using recombinant adenovirus induced neuronal death, whereas induction of NF-κB activity increased levels of anti-apoptotic proteins and was strongly neuroprotective. Together, these data demonstrate a physiological role for NF-κB in maintaining survival of central neurons.


Aim. The urgent task of contemporary pharmacy is the continuation of studies of popular medicinal plants' raw materials, for example, laurel, for further adjustment of its application. To establish diagnostic microscopic features the anatomic structure of laurel shoots and leaves has been studied using well-known micro technical techniques.Methods and results. It has been established that shoots had absently vascular type of xylem with frequent single-row pith rays, and etheric oil receptacles are located in phloem part, the leaf is hypostomatic with dorsoventral type of structure, an epidermis is with frequent stoma of anomocytic type, the main vein and petiole are single fascicular.Conclusion. This shows that diagnostic features of shoot structure are the type and the localization of the etheric oil receptacles, the type of the xylem, the localization features of the pith rays, leaf the absence of pubescence, the type of leaf blade, the localization features of stoma.


In this work, we evaluate the average age-ofinformation (AoI) of a network composed of an internet-ofthings (IoT) end-device (ED) transmitting randomly generated status updates to an access point (AP). More specifically, we elaborate on a recently proposed truncated automatic repeat request (TARQ) scheme, by considering a buffer-aided AP that is capable of combining retransmissions by means of the maximal ratio Chase Combining (CC) technique. While the average AoI of TARQ is a decreasing function of the generation probability p, we show that the proposed TARQ-CC scheme presents a more intricate relationship between its average AoI and p, which suggests that the generation probability can be optimized to minimize the AoI. Analytical and simulation results are presented, showing that TARQ-CC is capable of achieving considerably lower AoI than TARQ, without requiring any increase in the ED complexity. Keywords— Age-of-information (AoI), automatic repeat request (ARQ), chase combining, internet-of-things (IoT).


Merdeka Curriculum or in Indonesian Language known as Kurikulum Merdeka is widely considered as the most popular curriculum applied in many educational institutions in Indonesia. In the context of elementary school, Merdeka curriculum places English Language as an optional subject offered to students. In fact, nowadays students as the future generation live in the digitized and network based community where English plays a critical role to help them adapt to the rapid change of technology and science. Consequently, it is crucial to study this government policy in the Merdeka curriculum on the English language subject for elementary students. This study aims to analyze the government policy on placing the English language as an optional subject in elementary school using the theory of language development and the role of English as lingua franca in the 21st century. This study applies a library research method and data are collected from published and unpublished scientific articles, analytical journals, government reports and national scale newspapers that are relevant to the aims of the study.


A photosensitizer Suitable for use in administering photo dynamic therapy (PDT), conjugated with antibodies that are targeted to antigens on abnormal tissue and polyethylene glycol (PEG) or other polymer that extends the residence time of the conjugate within a patient's body. The resulting pegylated targeted conjugate is administered to a patient, and after the antibodies have had sufficient time to bind with the antigens, light from an external or internal Source having a waveband corresponding to an absorption waveband of the photosensitizer is administered. Use of an external light Source that emits relatively long wavelength light enables the light to pass through any intervening dermal layer and normal tissue between the external light Source and the treatment site. Since the photosensitizer in the conjugate is bound to the abnormal tissue, the light therapy has minimal effect on the intervening normal tissue. Furthermore, the efficacy of the PDT is enhanced due to the increased concentration of the photoSensitizer of the conjugate linked to the abnormal tissue.


Lake respiration is supported by a mixture of autochthonous and allochthonous resources, but the relative significance and interaction of these sources are uncertain across gradients of primary production and organic matter inputs. We manipulated autochthonous resources by adding inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus to two lakes during three summers and monitored a third reference lake. Allochthonous resources were measured as fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). In the reference and two experimental lakes, daily estimates of respiration were made from continuously deployed oxygen sensors. Daily mean values of temperature and FDOM were determined from high‐frequency measurements along with daily measures of chlorophyll a, an index of phytoplankton biomass. We analyzed time series of respiration and tested models that used combinations of the independent variables chlorophyll, FDOM, and temperature. The best models included all three of the independent variables. Respiration increased twofold over the temperature range of 14.5–28.6°C. Respiration increased in association with phytoplankton blooms caused by the nutrient additions, but did not track blooms closely, because of large day‐to‐day variability. Respiration varied positively with FDOM that was primarily allochthonous and differed among lakes and years. We did not detect an interaction between chlorophyll and FDOM despite the large number of observations and range of chlorophyll and FDOM. Hydrologic, climatic, and land use changes are altering temperature and inputs of nutrients and organic matter to lakes. Our results indicate that these changes may lead to linear responses in ecosystem processes like respiration for the wide range of inputs represented in this study.


A case of mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery is presented. The aneurysm was successfully treated by ligation and excision of the superior mesenteric artery. A review of the relevant literature is also included.


This atticle aims to study the distribution characteristics of fibrinogen-1420G/A,-993C/T and BsmAIG/C polymorphisms and the influence on functional expression of plasma fibrinogen concentration and molecular reactivity.The sample consisted of 1248 subjects from Kailuan Group;the biochemistry indicators,Fg concentration and FMPV of theses subjects were measured,and three sites were genotyped.Fg concentration,FMPV,Amax and FMPV/Ama in population with wild genotype were not significant than those with mutation genotype(P 0.05).FMPV/Amax in male group was lower than those in female group(P 0.05).The distributed frequencies of-1420GA+AA genotype,-993CT+T T genotype and BsmAIGC+CC in hyperuricaemia group were significantly higher than those in normal group(P 0.01).In non-hypertension population,FMPV/Amax in-1420GA+AA genotype was higher than those in GG genotype(P 0.05).Special linkage disequilibrium among-1420,-993 and BsmAI was observed.The three SNPs did not directly influence the expression of plasma fibrinogen and molecular function.But their role on specific blood factors such as UA may influence the molecular functional expression of plasma Fg.


At present,subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA) is a major problem that plagues the production of dairy cow.The diet structure of high proportion of concentrate and low proportion of roughage,makes the rumen pH to decrease,the volatile fatty acid to increase,and the structure of rumen microbial flora to change,causing subacute rumen acidosis.When subacute rumen acidosis occurs in ruminants,it causes the concentrations of the bacterial endotoxin,histamine and other harmful substance to increase in rumen liquids,causing the change of rumen mucosal permeability to weak rumen normal barrier function.This paper reviews the pathogenesis of subacute rumen acidosis,and the effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on ruminal epithelial barrier function,which may provide references for controlling or reducing the hazards of subacute ruminal acidosis on ruminal epithelial barrier function in ruminants.


People throughout the world are adopting new technologies in order to achieve their required goals. The most important benefit of technology nowadays is the ability to process a huge sum of data at lightning speed, which also needs a huge capability for data storage. Cloud computing has drawn much attention in both business and educational settings. This technology can boost the number of benefits to an educational setting, not only for its cost efficiency, but also for the desire for technology which college students have today, that makes learning and adapting to these fastest growing and emerging technologies easier for them. This paper will focus on the students' perception regarding cloud computing and what are their views on cloud in Peshawar. It also aims to examine the students' opinion of using cloud computing for storing their data. A survey questionnaire method is adopted for doing this research.


It's common to see people on the street with cups of drinks. No matter, in summer or winter, these drinks are suitable for getting warm or being refreshed. Therefore, for this research, we have chosen "Gooddrink" beverage shop as our example. Among these drinks, we selected several factors, which are price discount level , creative product names and brand awareness to be the three variables for this study. This study will use these three variables to determine how they influence consumer's perceived value and purchase intention for a cup of drink. This study searches for substantial differences between consumer's perceived value and purchase intention of goods. The independent variables are price discount level, creative product names and brand awareness; the moderating variable is openness to experience. The research targeted a specific department students of a certain university in Taipei. This research first focus on price discount level and creative product names. Among five discounted prices we chose two prices regarding the level of the discount. In terms of creative product names we chose two among sixteen regarding the creative level. Then prepared the final questionnaire which has been divided in two different types and were dispersed to testers who determined the price discount level and creative product names, the test focus on brand awareness , perceived value and purchase intention to answer the questions. These questionnaires were edited in a way to also measure the tester openness to experience. These analyses have found that price discount level's and brand awareness's influence on consumer's perceived value and purchase intention is substantially different. The openness to experience influences perceived value and purchase intention only under the situation of high price discount level, less creative product names and distinctive brand awareness.


Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and was originally isolated from platelets as the sole moiety with endothelial cell mitogenic activity. TP activity is increased in a number of tumour types compared with adjacent normal tissues including colon, stomach and breast cancer. TP has a role in tumour angiogenesis and increased activity in tumours confers a more aggressive tumour phenotype. TP also has a role in the activation of the fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5FdUrd). Intratumoural expression of TP is heterogeneous and may explain why only a proportion of patients respond to therapy with 5-FU. Modulation of 5-FU with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) increases the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in colon cancer cell lines. This is thought to occur through an increase in the activity of TP leading to greater formation of 5'-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and increased inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cell lines were transfected with TP cDNA and a novel TP activity assay demonstrated a 5-fold increase in TP activity in HT-29(TP) cells compared with the parental cells and the vector alone transfected controls, HT-29(V). 5-FU cytotoxicity was increased 1.6-fold in HT-29(TP) cells compared with HT-29(V) cells (p 0.1, Students' t-test). Transfection alone without TP cDNA increased the resistance of HT-29 cells to 5-FU. The apparent increase in 5-FU cytotoxicity in HT-29(TP) cells was not enhanced by Leucovorin (LCV) or Deoxyinosine and cytotoxicity was not significantly reversed by exogenous thymidine, although a small increase in 5-FU IC50 was observed in the controls. Inhibition of TS by FdUMP was observed in these cells; however it does not appear to be the critical mechanism of action of 5-FU. The data from this thesis suggest that an increase in the activity of TP alone (5-fold) is not sufficient to significantly increase 5-FU cytotoxicity. Confirmation was obtained when TP activity and 5-FU cytotoxicity were measured in a number of cell lines from several tumour types. TP activity alone did not determine the sensitivity of the cell lines to 5-FU. Despite disappointing results with respect to 5-FU, a greater and more significant effect may be observed with 5-FU pro-drugs such as 5-dFUrd and Tegafur, which require activation by TP. The application of TP as a candidate gene for gene-directed/fluoropyrimidine pro-drug therapy is therefore promising as a means of improving the current lack of effective treatment for colon cancer and requires further investigation.


Bolla. S. 1987. Cytogenetic studies in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout embryos. - Hereditas 106: 11–17.

Lund, Sweden. ISSN 0018–0661. Received February 21, 1986

Haploid and diploid embryos of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in the process of development from the gastrula stage to 2/3 of the yolk sack resorption were incubated in colchicin to accumulate cells in the metaphase stage. Haploid karyograms were useful to describe the chromosome distribution. A stable chromosome number was found in salmon, whereas rainbow trout presented more variation. A large part of the inter- and intraindividual variation in chromosome number is associated with a variation of NF. Associations between acrocentrics were frequently noted in metaphases and could partially explain the extended Robertsonian polymorphism described in salmonids. No evidence of sex chromosomes was detected in the two species.


Polypropylene (PP)/ montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization with Ziegler-Natta/ organically modified MMT compound catalyst prepared by chemical reaction method. The microstructure, thermal stability and the processing stability of PP/MMT nanocomposites were investigated systematically. The results indicate that the exfoliated PP/MMT nanocomposites are produced successfully by in situ polymerization, and the MMT nanolayers are dispersed uniformly in the PP matrix in the nano scale. The average thickness of the MMT layers in PP matrix is less than 10 nm. The increase of MMT content enhances the thermal stability of PP/MT nanoconposite materials. The long-time shearing inevitably leads to the aggregation of some MMT layers, and this aggregation of MMT can be avoided by shortening the shearing time. The α phase is the dominate crystal phase of PP in the in situ synthesized PP/MMT nanocomposites, and the introduction of nano clay can not induce the β phase PP formation. The appearance of β phase PP is related with the annealling temperature.


Under the framework of a co-certification system for the development of Certified Reference Materials(CRMs) among China,Japan and Korea,the 1st co-certification campaign of mercury in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) for Japanese CRMs was taken.In this campaign isotope dilution mass spectrometry(IDMS) was used.First,all abundances of Hg in spike 202Hg,CRM and ABS were analyzed by MC-ICP-MS before the certification.Then the concentrations of 202Hg and Hg in ABS were determined with IDMS by Q-ICP-MS.A new procedure to reduce memory effect was used: first,dilute with 5 μg/g Au solution for 1 min;then,5 μg/g EDTA solution for 2 min.The results accord to each other very well and this implies that the co-certification system can run swimmingly.


This paper discusses a new technique to compare software programs and a new pixel map widget. By using an Abstract Syntax Tree to structurally compare two files or programs, many advantages can be realized such as better visualization, multiple language support and a reduction in the noise (such as a renamed method or variable). This paper discusses some of the issues of implementation of this approach and some of the solutions so far. In this paper I introduce a new widget for scalable and fully interactive pixel maps, called the "Mini-Map Scroller" that also supports orthogonal zooming and demonstrate how it can be used in the context of Source Comparison Utility.


AbstractThe flux of muons induced by atmospheric neutrinos has been measured with theMACRO detector. Different event topologies have been detected, due to neutrinointeractions in the apparatus and in the rock below it. The upward-throughgoingmuon sample is the larger one and is generated by neutrinos with a peak energyof ∼ 100 GeV. The observed upward-throughgoing muons are 26 % fewer thanexpected and the zenith angle distribution does not fit with the expected one. As-suming ν µ ↔ ν τ neutrino oscillation, the angular shape and the normalizationfactor suggest maximal mixing and ∆m 2 of a few times 10 −3 eV 2 . Also the otherevent categories induced by low-energy neutrinos (peak energy ∼ 4 GeV) show adeficit of observed events. The value of this deficit and its uniformity with respectto the angular bins are in agreement with the oscillation parameters suggested bythe analysis of the upward-throughgoing muon sample.Les Rencontres de Physique de la Vallee d'AosteFebruary 28 - March 6, 1999, La Thuile, Italy


Integrated resource planning ("IRP") is an effective approach to energy utility planning for future energy requirements. The goal of IRP is the identification of resources and/or the mix of resources for meeting near and long term consumer energy needs in an efficient and reliable manner at the lowest reasonable cost. These plans take into account the cost, effectiveness, and benefits of all appropriate, available, and feasible power generation and customer options. This work presents an IRP developed for an African country, detailing a projection of supply- and demand-side capacity requirements to meet national objectives during the 2004-2020 periods. It also presents the risk assessment methodology employed; describing its implementation in terms of a computer model developed specifically for this particular case, and discusses the main results from the application of this model. Finally, we recommend several hedging strategies designed to mitigate the risk exposure.


Aimed at the characteristics such as heavy traffic,serious surcharge,a lot of long scarps,long term of high temperature,raininess and heavy fog in summer of Beijing-Zhuhai expressway in Gongdong Province,this paper,which adopts uniform design method with 16 levels and 4 factors,studies the relativity between coarse aggregate content and ,optimizes the mix of SMA mixture.The high temperature stability and influencing factos are also studied scientifically,especialy the influence of coarse aggregate content,asphalt content,fiber species and etc on high temperature behavior.The results indicate that when the dust proportion is 1.8,the coarse aggregate content betweens 75%~80%,and the asphalt aggregate ratio betweens 5.8%~6.0%,the SMA at high temperature can reach the best performance.11 tabs,1 fig,6 refs.


Gamma Irradiators are facilities that provide decontamination, disinfection and sterilization services for commercial products 24 hours a day. A failure that delays this service greatly affects its productivity. Therefore, there is a need to perform an economic loss analysis due to the delay in the production process. In this study, a reliability analysis was performed on the systems of an irradiator category IV through the application of a Probabilistic Safety Assessment methodology and the calculation of economic losses due to failures. Economic losses were determined based on real failures that occurred in a certain time frame and a comparison was made with the possible economic losses based on the failure rate of the components. These results allowed the improvement of the irradiator service through a more efficient maintenance management.


Common conditions of the upper limb such as carpal tunnel syndrome, epicondylitis, de Quervain's disease, Dupuytren's disease, ganglia and carpometacarpal arthritis in the thumb have been attributed to manual activities which require force, repetition or the use of an awkward posture, alone or in combination. Orthopaedic articles and textbooks which describe these conditions often contain statements that they are more common in manual workers, or that they may be caused by work or 'overuse'. What is the evidence that such statements are true? de Quervain's disease was called 'washerwoman's strain' because there was discomfort when wringing out clothes or turning a mangle. When the condition occurred in the post-partum period, as frequently happens, it was attributed to wringing out nappies. 1 Washerwomen are extinct in the Western world and disposable nappies are the norm, yet the complaint is still seen in middle-aged women and young mothers. The fact that a condition results in pain when carrying out a particular task does not necessarily indicate that the task has caused it, just as the narrowing of the coronary arteries which results in angina is not caused by walking quickly. Epidemiological studies are used to establish a link between exposure to a possibly injurious agent, or a risk factor, and disease. Individuals exposed to the agent are compared with a matched group in order to determine if the exposed population has a greater incidence of the condition. If the incidence is greater, then an association between the agent and the disorder can be inferred, although this does not necessarily establish a causal relationship. Epidemiological techniques, however, are fraught with difficulties in the study of disorders of the upper limb. Many patients do not present with clear-cut physical signs and there may be no objective test, such as radiography, to confirm the diagnosis. Although an orthopaedic surgeon may feel confident in diagnosing one of these conditions in an individual seen in the clinic, it is a different matter when attempting to screen a large group of manual workers, most of whom will not have an abnormal condition. In many epidemiological studies the diagnostic criteria for individual conditions either may not be clearly stated or all disorders of the upper limb may be classified together. The number of people in whom the condition has been identified is usually small in relation to the number in the group who are screened. Control groups are often absent or poorly matched in terms of age and gender. The examiner is frequently aware of the occupational category of the 'patient', which produces a strong risk of bias. In addition, the exposure to the presumed injurious agent may not have been measured. Some ten years ago a working party was established by the British Orthopaedic Association to review the available scientific evidence concerning the causation of the disorders of the upper limb. At that time the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council had asked interested bodies to advise whether there was evidence that further disorders should be added to those already designated as industrial diseases. In summary, the conclusion of the working party was that no other disorders of the upper limb should be added to the list. 2 The recognised disorders were cramp of the hand and forearm related to repetitive work (prescribed disease (PD) A4) 3 and traumatic inflammation of the tendons of the hand and forearm or of the associated tendon sheaths occurring in those involved in manual labour or whose occupation required frequent or repeated movements of the hand or wrist (PD A8). Carpal tunnel syndrome occurring in those using hand-held vibrating tools is now designated PD A12.


FOLLOWING THE COMPLETION OF THE AASHO ROAD TEST IN 1960 AT OTTAWA, ILL., AND PUBLICATION OF THE RESEARCH FINDINGS IN 1962 BY THE HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD, IT BECAME APPARENT THAT FURTHER RESEARCH ON HIGHWAY PAVEMENTS LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY WOULD BE NECESSARY IN ORDER TO EXTEND THE FINDINGS TO MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE EXISTING AT THE ROAD TEST. BY 1962 SEVERAL STATES HAD BEGUN SUCH STUDIES, SOME USING SECTIONS OF EXISTING PAVEMENTS AND OTHERS CONSTRUCTING NEW SECTIONS. IT APPEARED THAT THE MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM THIS WORK WOULD RESULT ONLY IF (1) AT LEAST SOME OF THE SECTIONS IN EACH STATE CONFORMED TO A NATIONWIDE STATISTICALLY DESIGNED EXPERIMENT AND (2) MEASUREMENTS ON THESE SECTIONS WERE MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH A SINGLE PLAN ENCOMPASSING ALL STATES CONDUCTING THESE STUDIES. A NATIONWIDE STATISTICALLY DESIGNED EXPERIMENT WAS OUTLINED IN 1964 IN THE REPORT ISSUING FROM NCHRP PROJECT 1-1 (NCHRP REPORT 2A). IT WAS THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF NCHRP PROJECT 1-6, REPORTED HEREIN, TO DEFINE THE VARIABLES TO BE MEASURED ON THE SECTIONS REQUIRED BY THE EXPERIMENT, AS WELL AS THE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES TO BE EMPLOYED, THE PERSONNEL REQUIRED, AND THE ESTIMATED ANNUAL BUDGET FOR THE OPERATION AND SUPPORT OF A MEASUREMENT'S TEAM.


Objective: To study relationship of sensation seeking and MMPI personality and monoamine oxidase activity in medical students. Method: 79 medical students were invastigated with MMPI, Sensation seeking scale (SSS) and Zuckerman-Kuhlman's personality inventory (ZKPQ) ,and platelet MAO activity was measured at the same time. Results: 1. Total sensation seeking score?Thrill and adventure seeking score?Experience seeking score?Impulsive sensation seeking score were negatively correlated to depression score in MMPI (r=-0.349,P=0.002)(r=-0.23,P=0.042)(r=-0.431,P=0.000)(r=-0.235,P=0.003) ; Disinhibition score is positively correlated to hypomania score in MMPI (0.237,P=0.035) ;2. Impulsive sensation seeking score is negatively correlated to platelet monoamine oxidase activity. Conclusions: The trait of sensation seeking is related to depression?hypomania in MMPI; platelet monoamine oxidase activity can be treated as a stable biological marker which is related to the impulsivity-sensation seeking trait.


Abstract This article examines the findings from research into the effects of parent service user aggression and violence against child protection social workers. First, the types of violence that are most prevalent, and the effects on workers are discussed. Next, the problematic areas to be addressed in order to provide the most effective forms of support and supervision are set out. The links between risks to workers and risks to abused children within violent families are also examined.


Since neutron stars do not exist an actual physical explanation for why pulsars pulse is provided. Pulsars pulse because they are both inductors and capacitors. The material is in a perpetual state of inductance back to capacitance. 1. The object is formed from interstellar helium magnetically confining itself as it resembles a super conductor in the cold reaches of outer space. Any sort of electrical energy input will consistently remain inside of the pulsar as they are definitely cold enough to keep the current flowing indefinitely. 2. Thus the material serves as an inductor as it is forming, but does not remain stable, so 3. It releases the magnetic energy it has stored as electrical current (EM pulse), but since the electrical current has nowhere to go it 4. Gets stored back into the pulsars as a magnetic field which then builds back up with electrical energy until the magnetic field grows too big, which then releases electrical energy out again as a pulse of light/radiation. Pulsars are not spinning "neutron stars", neutrons decay in 15 minutes. They are more like alternating current magnetic energy storage mechanisms. Since the alternating current frequency is so high in some cases it will produce the skin effect, in which the current is localized in the surface of the object. As the pulses slow down the skin effect decreases and the center of the pulsar will connect and send out material in bi-lateral configurations at almost luminal velocities. See you later black holes, you are not needed! The authors best guess is that when the pulsars are young they look like doughnuts and are not spherical at all as taught by establishment scientism. The center of a pulsar dying is where all matter is created, not in stars as taught by the establishment scientism. Stars are the dissipative structures which neutralize the charge of the matter as it exits the core of the newborn galaxy.


Abstract. This paper proposes an adaptive logic controllers for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). Active and reactive power flow is controlled simultaneously with a four control methods of the active and reactive currents. These include a direct PI controller, A RST controller, an adaptive fuzzy logic PI (AFLC-PI) and an adaptive RST fuzzy logic with virtual reference (VFLC-RST) controls. The results demonstrate that VFLC-RST are very effective in improving the transient power system stability and very robust against variable transmission line parameters


The paper studied on the inversion surface parameters of remote-sensing information serving for vegetation surface. First, presented the inversion of surface temperature based on four parts: calculation of brightness temperatureyntax of L-systems, calculation of atmospheric transmissivity, calculation of surface emissivity, and D. Precision evaluation on inversion result. Secondly, calculating the atmospheric transmissivity .


Localization in wireless sensor networks has drawn significant research attention in recent years, since many real-life applications need to locate the source of incoming measurements as precise as possible. In this paper, two popular localization algorithms based on Trilateration and Weighted Centroid Localization are discussed. Noting that channel propagation and path loss modelling is a key in successful position estimation, we first develop an analytical indoor channel model using our experimental setup including ZigBee devices. Subsequently, the performance of the algorithms are evaluated both experimentally and via simulations with respect to the placement of beacons and channel imperfections. Key–Words: Position estimation, RSSI, ZigBee


It is demonstrated that Hall devices can be successfully utilized for measurements of ferromagnetic transition temperatures under hydrostatic pressure. Results observed for ferromagnetic single crystal La0.94Mn0.98O3 and ceramic manganite La0.84Zn0.07Mn0.95O3 at pressures up to 0.94 GPa are reported.


The heat-resistance of polyurethane elastomers are closely related to the molecular structure. It was proved that theinfluence of organic hetercyclic ring, cross-linking constitution, isocyanate, chain extender and antioxidant etc. on the heat-resistance ofpolyurethane elastomers is remarkable by a lot of experimental datas.


Since the eighties, the potential to launch small scientific payloads by means of an electromagnetic railgun is being investigated in many countries. In Europe, EADS Space Transportation is leading a study aimed to investigate the possibility to launch pico- and nano-satellites into LEO, based on a combination of an electromagnetic railgun and a one stage small rocket launcher. In the frame of that investigation, DLR is responsible for the design of a small rocket launcher, here called propelled projectile. The paper deals with the main design aspects to be considered for such propelled projectiles, particularly with emphasis in the flight mechanics, aero/thermodynamics and propulsion properties to be fulfilled. For the present study it is assumed that an electromagnetic railgun is able to launch a 120mm diameter projectile with a speed of 6km/s. In order to achieve orbital motion of the payload and to compensate the velocity losses due to gravity, a rocket engine with simple pressure feeding technique, ablation cooled combustion chamber and plugged (aerospike) nozzle is integrated into the projectile. Three concurrent propulsions systems are here considered for the rocket engine: solid, liquid and hybrid type. It is shown that in spite of the more potential development of liquid rockets, hybrid rocket engines are today the most promising, i.e. they have lower total mass, are simpler, cheaper and more reliable. Furthermore, the aerodynamic form of the projectile is optimized to achieve minimum drag force, which also leads to lower heat loads. Launch angles and trajectory analysis are carried out by means of 3 degree of freedom simulations (3DOF). The calculations have been done accounting for three different technology levels on propellants (present, near and long term), launch altitudes (geographical elevation) and elevation angles of the railgun muzzles. The study considered also the technology aspects related to the large acceleration force at which the projectile is exposed during the start (10,000g) together with the projectile mass constraints imposed by the railgun. Due to the high start acceleration, the projectile experiences large mechanical and thermal loads in particular at the nose and at the junction between body and fins. Based on the results obtained with the 3DOF code of DLR, critical trajectory points are identified. At those points, the thermal and mechanical loads are estimated using the DLR computer code TAU, a finite volume Reynolds average Navier-Stokes. The structural mass is mainly analyzed on the basis of carbon fiber reinforced materials. It is shown that launching today small payloads into LEO by means of a railgun system is a realistic goal.


This paper investigates the renewed interest in competitiveness which can be witnessed in the EU once the acute phase of 2008+ crisis abated. This revival is expressed in several initiatives, such as the idea to set up national competitiveness boards, the Euro Plus Pact or the ECB research network CompNet. By reviewing the recent literature and experts' opinions as well as drawing on the new theoretical approach and the insight from the German reunification, this papers identifies main promises and pitfalls of selected European proposals. In particular, it stresses the need of a more nuanced approach to competitiveness, which goes beyond the narrow perspective centred on the synchronisation of cost developments. The evolution of salaries and productivity must be aligned and certain level of convergence among the European Monetary Union members is necessary. Nevertheless, reducing competitiveness to such an issue seems inadequate, as it ignores the 'high-road' and 'beyond GDP' competitiveness which is the reality for the mature European economies.


Given the effectiveness of both in‐person and digital diabetes prevention programs (DPPs), participants have an opportunity to select a delivery mode based on their needs and preferences. The objective of this study was to understand and compare participants' experiences with digital and in‐person DPPs to identify factors that affected how useful participants perceived these two program delivery modes.


Red quasars are candidate young objects in an early transition stage of massive galaxy evolution. Our team recently discovered a population of extremely red quasars (ERQs) in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) that has a suite of peculiar emission-line properties including large rest equivalent widths (REWs), unusual 'wingless' line profiles, large N v/Lyα, N v/C iv, Si iv/C iv and other flux ratios, and very broad and blueshifted [O iii] λ5007. Here we present a new catalogue of C iv and N v emission-line data for 216 188 BOSS quasars to characterize the ERQ line properties further. We show that they depend sharply on UV-to-mid-IR colour, secondarily on REW(C iv), and not at all on luminosity or the Baldwin Effect. We identify a 'core' sample of 97 ERQs with nearly uniform peculiar properties selected via i–W3 ≥ 4.6 (AB) and REW(C iv) ≥ 100 A at redshifts 2.0–3.4. A broader search finds 235 more red quasars with similar unusual characteristics. The core ERQs have median luminosity 〈log L(ergs s−1)〉 ∼ 47.1, sky density 0.010 deg−2, surprisingly flat/blue UV spectra given their red UV-to-mid-IR colours, and common outflow signatures including BALs or BAL-like features and large C iv emission-line blueshifts. Their SEDs and line properties are inconsistent with normal quasars behind a dust reddening screen. We argue that the core ERQs are a unique obscured quasar population with extreme physical conditions related to powerful outflows across the line-forming regions. Patchy obscuration by small dusty clouds could produce the observed UV extinctions without substantial UV reddening.


Wireless-radio-communication-based devices are used in more and more places with the spread of Industry 4.0. Localization plays a crucial part in many of these applications. In this paper, a novel radiocommunication-based indoor positioning method is proposed, which applies the fusion of fingerprints extracted with various technologies to improve the overall efficiency. The aim of the research is to apply the differences, which occur due to that different technologies behave differently in an indoor space. The proposed method was validated using training and test data collected in a laboratory. Four different technologies, namely WiFi received signal strength indication (RSSI), ultra-wideband (UWB) RSSI, UWB time of flight (TOF) and RSSI in 433 MHz frequency band and all of their possible combinations, were tested to examine the performance of the proposed method. Three widely used fingerprinting algorithms, the weighted k-nearest neighbor, the random forest, and the artificial neural network were implemented to evaluate their efficiency with the proposed method. The achieved results show that the accuracy of the localization can be improved by combining different technologies. The combination of the two low-cost technologies, i.e., the WiFi and the 433 MHz technology, resulted in an 11% improvement compared to the more accurate technology, i.e., the 433 MHz technology. Combining the UWB module with other technologies results in a less significant improvement since this sensor provides lower error rates, when used alone.


Summary

Accurate control of rate of flow of solution through soil columns is important in laboratory studies of leaching, but is difficult to achieve because of fluctuations in permeability. A simple and inexpensive method of automatically maintaining a constant flow-rate through several columns simultaneously is described. The apparatus comprises (i) a rotating delivery system which distributes the leaching solution equally to eight compartments, (ii) a system for automatically regulating the flow through each column to keep pace with the solution delivered, and (iii) an automatic fraction-collector to collect the effluent from the columns. Using this apparatus the standard deviation of the volumes delivered to the eight individual columns was less than 2 per cent of the mean, provided the flow rate was faster than 10 ml/h.


This document explains the costs and risks associated with activity provide surveillance and security services in support of the canines in Colombia, making a brief account of the as home this modality in the country, the legislation that regulates it, the parameters to meet the jobs; also because it is an activity with the use of animal care referred to take with them to not to engage in abuse or failing for misuse of them lead to damaging labour he incurred training and learning of the canines by a handler dog that does not have the fitness, love and DTP enough with animals.


1. Excitability cycles for medial gastrocnemius motoneurones were recorded following sural nerve stimuli with amplitudes of 1·5, 3, 5, 10 and 40 times the nerve threshold. The monosynaptic reflex was time‐integrated to quantify the motoneuronal output and some implications of this technique are discussed. In particular it is calculated that this method specifically examines the 15‐25% most excitable motoneurones of the medial gastrocnemius pool.


This study of the reception of Seneca in the twentieth century is divided into four parts: 1. Seneca as Moralist; 2. Seneca as Dramatist; 3. Seneca as Character; and 4. Seneca on the Internet. In Part 1, after noting the familiar ambivalence about Seneca as philosopher, C. & N. examine Spanish Senecanism (María Zambrano, Juan Carlos García Borrón, H. G. Alexander), the Christian Senecanism of Gustave Thibon, Concetto Marchesi's treatment of his 'dramatic style', the exploitation of his maxims and sententiae by such writers as Alain De Botton and Günter Grass. Perhaps not surprisingly, Part 2, on Seneca as dramatist, is the longest in the book, and it is here that C. & N. μnd most substantial evidence of Seneca's continuing influence. They begin with the revival of stage performances, most notably the Rome production of Thyestes in 1953 with Vittorio Gassman as Atreus. Although C. & N. place particular emphasis on Italian productions, there is also detailed discussion of Peter Brook's Oedipus, and substantial acknowledgement of productions in France, Germany, and the USA. The list they o¶er is by no means complete. There follow discussions of T. S. Eliot (both as essayist and poet) and of Senecan tyrant μgures in Eugene O'Neill (The Emperor Jones), Albert Camus (Caligula, Le Malentendu), and Michael Ayrton (The Maze Maker). Of particular interest is the discussion of twentieth-century adaptations of Phaedra, Medea, and Thyestes. Phaedra, it seems, was the tragedy which appealed most, with reinterpretations by D'Annunzio, Unamuno, Cvetaeva, Yourcenar, and Hugo Claus. Medea was rewritten by Jean Anouilh, Jean Vauthier, José Bergamín, and Alejo Carpentier (these two Spanish versions linking Medea and Jason with Columbus and the conquistadors). Thyestes was adapted by Antonin Artaud (a version which was never performed and was subsequently lost) and Hugo Claus (a powerful version much influenced by Artaud's theatre of cruelty). Turning from Seneca's works to Seneca himself, C. & N. quote Don Fowler's discussion of the di¶erence between 'reading texts' and 'reading people', an important distinction in the case of Seneca, a man important both as a creator of texts and as a character in texts. The context for the representation of Seneca in the twentieth century was frequently the encounter between Christianity and Paganism, a context suggested by the tradition of a correspondence between Seneca and St Paul. C. & N. can cite a number of novels which focus upon Agrippina or Nero or Piso's conspiracy in which Seneca plays a part as well as Hubertus zu Löwenstein's Seneca, Kaiser ohne Purpur, Philosoph, Staatsman und Verschwörer (1975), an autobiographical novel. Also important are the hostile representations in both Robert Graves's I Claudius and Claudius the God and Mika Waltari's Lauso il Cristiano. C. & N. begin their μnal chapter by noting the all-pervasiveness of the internet at the end of the twentieth century (and the beginning of the twenty-μrst). They also note the di ̧culty of untangling references to Roman Seneca from references to the Seneca Indians of upstate New York. Although this section of the book is perhaps the most innovative (the internet μgures rarely in works on the reception of antiquity), it is perhaps the least likely to be of enduring value, primarily because the internet is such    551


Based on similarity theory and considered non-Darcy character in low permeability porous media,the theory about simulation experiments on the oil-water two-phase flows were researched.The dimensionless forms of controlled equations about oil-water two-phase flows were derived by the equation analysis method;and the similarity criterion about the waterflooding simulation experiment in low permeability cores was obtained.The dimensionless controlled equations were solved by the IMPES method;so the numerical simulator including similarity criterion was obtained.Through sensitivity analysis,the influence degree of every similarity criterion on experimental results was calculated and verified by waterflooding experimental results of low permeability cores.Results show that the similarity criterion whose sensitive factor is larger has greater influence on the experimental result.Contrarily,it has little influence on the experimental result.Therefore,when the physical model is designed and not all similarity criterions between the prototype and the model are equal,the larger similarity criterion should be given priority to be equal.


Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z ~ 3-4 are targeted to measure the fraction of Lyman continuum (LyC) flux that escapes from high redshift galaxies. However, z ~ 3-4 LBGs are identified using the Lyman break technique which preferentially selects galaxies with little or no LyC. We re-examine the standard LBG selection criteria by performing spectrophotometry on composite spectra constructed from 794 U_nGR-selected z ~ 3 LBGs from the literature while adding LyC flux of varying strengths. The modified composite spectra accurately predict the range of redshifts, properties, and LyC flux of LBGs in the literature that have spectroscopic LyC measurements while predicting the existence of a significant fraction of galaxies outside the standard selection region. These galaxies, termed Lyman continuum galaxies (LCGs), are expected to have high levels of LyC flux and are estimated to have a number density ~30-50 percent that of the LBG population. We define R_obs(U_n) as the relative fraction of observed LyC flux, integrated from 912A to the shortest restframe wavelength probed by the U_n filter, to the observed non-ionising flux (here measured at 1500A). We use the 794 spectra as a statistical sample for the full z ~ 3 LBG population, and find R_obs(U_n) = 5.0 +1.0/-0.4 (4.1 +0.5/-0.3) percent, which corresponds to an intrinsic LyC escape fraction of f_esc = 10.5 +2.0/-0.8 (8.6 +1.0/-0.6) percent (contamination corrected). From the composite spectral distributions we estimate R_obs(U_n) ~16 +/-3, f_esc ~33 +/-7 percent for LCGs and R_obs(U_n) ~8 +/-3, f_esc ~16 +/-4 percent for the combined LBG + LCG z ~ 3 sample. All values are measured in apertures defined by the UV continuum and do not include extended and/or offset LyC flux. A complete high redshift galaxy census and total emergent LyC flux is essential to quantify the contribution of galaxies to the epoch of reionisation.


Genes for b and a polypeptides of the lightharvesting II complexes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 are encoded by the pucBA operon, and their expression is highly regulated by oxygen level and light intensity. d-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in this bacterium is synthesized by ALA synthase isozymes encoded by hemA and hemT. Recombinant plasmids carrying either a pucB¢-hemA transcriptional fusion (pAS608A) or a pucB¢-hemT translational fusion (pAS607A) have been constructed. Derivatives of Escherichia coli SASP19 (hemA mutant), harboring either pAS608A or pAS607A, still required exogenous ALA supplementation. However, each of these functions could be expressed in R. sphaeroides AT1 (hemA and hemT mutant of R. sphaeroides 2.4.1) such that AT1 could grow in the medium without exogenous ALA supplementation. Introduction of pAS608A into R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 resulted in the increase of ALA synthase activity under both aerobic and photosynthetic growth conditions, while the introduction of pAS607A resulted in the increase of ALA synthase only under aerobic conditions. The production of extracellular and intracellular ALA in R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 (pAS608A) or R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 (pAS607A) was not signi®cantly di€erent from that of the wild-type strain in either aerobic or photosynthetic growth conditions.