Abstract An original non-destructive method for the analysis of texture heterogeneity is proposed and tested. Textures of two different layers can be 'separated' by a numerical treatment of the total diffraction signal. The separation of the information coming from two layers is based on an original algorithm of texture analysis. The method has been tested using neutron and X-ray diffraction techniques on specially prepared model heterogeneous samples, containing two layers of the same material but with different textures. The results are promising and the method is now ready to be applied to samples with natural and unknown heterogeneities.


Plants of Buxus wallichiana are evergreen trees 1,2 ; these are monoecious with male and female flowers aggregated together in a cyathium. In each inflorescence, a centrally placed female flower remains surrounded by 8–14 male flowers (Figure 1a,b). Individual male flower is small, incomplete, zygomorphic and averages 5 mm in size. It consists of 4 basifixed anthers enclosed within 5 tepals (Figure 1c). Female flower is slightly smaller than males and has an average size of 4.6 mm. It consists of 5 tepals enclosing a pistil comprising of a tricarpellary ovary and three short styles spread apart with the help of three nectariferous bulges. Each style terminates into bifid stigma (Figure 1d). Ovary is syncarpous, 3 loculed and each locule has ovules attached to a central placenta. Stigma is wet and papillate.


The paper discusses the possibility of using a closed horizontal loop in a TEM measuring system to reduce the external high–frequency electromagnetic noise induced in a receiving loop. It is shown that the effect of an additional loop on the frequency response of the TEM measuring system is similar to that of a low–pass filter. In order to effectively reduce external noise, one should locate the auxiliary loop as close as possible to the receiver one.


Institution of an enhanced recovery after minimally invasive surgery pathway developed by clinical stakeholders on the gynecologic oncology service was followed by significant improvements in patient pain perception, length of stay, and time of discharge at a large academic medical center. In general, pathways include evidencebased orders, and the one reported by Chapman et al is no exception: the use of preoperative gabapentin to diminish postoperative pain and nausea and vomiting and rapid advancement of a regular diet are two such examples. In the past, such pathway development was largely the purview of the nursing services caring for inpatients, with process and outcomes often opaque to the physicians. As noted by these authors, there is increasing pressure by hospital quality assurance programs to standardize care pathways for common types of hospital admissions to control patient flow, improve patient satisfaction and outcomes, and anticipate bed and other resource supplies. Quality assurance or improvement studies such as this one are important for a clinical journal such as Obstetrics & Gynecology to publish. Just as all politics are local, however, each organization should consider its own circumstances in a data-driven manner to see whether patient outcomes and value of care can be improved by adopting pathways such those as reported in this article. The Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence publication guideline is available for those who wish to report their quality work in a standardized, complete fashion. The ultimate translation of research is to implement it in clinical care. This group has demonstrated that, by combining such practices, patient care is improved.


C1C‐2 channel is one of the drug targets for the treatments of chloride channelopathies and imbalanced fluid secretions. Herein we describe the results of the [Cl−]i in a stably expressed ClC‐2 transfected HEK293F and T84 human cell lines measured by Cl‐ QD™. We have evaluated the role of C1C‐2 on [Cl−]i homeostasis with different putative chloride channel inhibitors and activators in both HEK293F/HEK293FC1C2 and T84/T84C1C2. Cl‐QDs were loaded into the cells using a cell‐penetrating TAT peptide protocol. [Cl−]i responses were measured using a photon counting fluorescence microscope. Five experiments were performed per condition. All four tested chloride channel inhibitors, DIDS, DCPIB, DPC and glibenclamide, caused dose‐dependent increases of [Cl−]i in C1C‐2 expressed cells compared to their respective wild types. Conversely, both tested chloride channel activators, lubriprostone and genistein, caused a lesser decrease of [Cl−]i in the C1C‐2 expressed cells compared to their respective wild types. These data demonstrate that cells stably expressed with ClC‐2 channels enhanced the responses of many putative chloride inhibitors. These data support the hypothesis that C1C‐2 channels could be a potential drug target for the treatment of diarrhea, an alternate option to the conventional cAMP‐ and Ca‐dependent chloride pathways. (Supported by NIDDK R44‐DK084600)


An important theme running throughout Flannelly's (2017) Religious Beliefs, Evolutionary Psychiatry, and Mental Health in America is that psychotic symptoms can serve an adaptive function. They for...


This article comprehensively analyzes the positive and negative influences of the athletic sports on the education of university students and points out how to precisely understand the function of the athletic sports in education and the chief goal of the athletic sports.


The Early College High School Initiative (ECHSI) was introduced in 2002. Since 2002, limited data, especially student physical activity data, have been published pertaining to the ECHSI. The purpose of this study was to examine the aerobic capacities of early college students and compare them to state and national averages. Early college students (N = 294) enrolled in a 16-week, aerobically-based, physical activity college course at a medium-sized North Carolina community college from 2006 to 2012 completed the Rockport Fitness Walking Test during the 2nd and 14th week of their class as a course requirement. Between the two test administrations, students adhered to a week-long walk, jog, run exercise program based on their initial walking test score and American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) exercise prescription guidelines (ACSM, 2010). Significant differences existed between male and female students' aerobic capacities during the pretest (p = .03) and posttest (p = .04). The results are similar to 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and 2011 In-school Prevention of Obesity and Disease (IsPOD) data. Findings suggest that early college students' cardiorespiratory fitness scores are similar to nonearly college students of the same age and gender. Early colleges are presented with an opportunity to be local, state, and national leaders by requiring early college students to complete multiple credits of physical education/activity in a 4- to 5-year early college experience.


The paper presents a grid form of the Jouannaud-Lescanne set-based multiset ordering, otherwise known as the grid-based set-based multiset ordering. A relatively more applicable de-nition of multiset ordering is presented. The grid approach has beenused in this paper to prove some assertions, the pair-wise equalitytheorem for multisets, in particular.


: TCM syndrome differentiation treatment of pediatric pneumonia asthma, not only can enhance the treatment effect, also can reduce spending to reduce the burden of children family, so it is worth widely used. New research methods should be adopted to develop new treatment methods suitable for children as soon as possible to contribute to the treatment of pneumonia in children with traditional Chinese medicine.


We examine a fundamental material property called Poisson's ratio, which establishes the relationship for the relative deformation of a physical system in orthogonal directions. Architects and engineers have designed advanced systems using repeating patterns that can potentially exhibit auxetic behavior, which is the property of having a negative Poisson's ratio. Because two-dimensional cross sections of each of these patterns has an associated wallpaper group, we can look for useful correlations between this geometric information and the two-dimensional response as defined by Poisson's ratio. By analyzing the data, we find two properties of the wallpaper group that correlate with more effective Poisson's ratio required for applications. This paper also contains an introduction to wallpaper groups and orbifold notation and an appendix contains some literature references recreated to use our preferred notation.


Between Hanslick's negative thesis (music cannot portray specific feelings) and his positive thesis (the beauty of music is just the beauty of its tonal forms) lies what I call his disconnection thesis: 'Even if it were possible for feelings to be represented by music, the degree of beauty in the music would not correspond to the degree of exactitude with which the music represented them'. In short, the beauty of a piece of music and its expressive properties are disconnected. Hanslick supports this thesis with four arguments. Unfortunately for Hanslick none of these works.


Adding renewable energy plants to the electrical grid reduces the performance of energy systems. This results in problems including power fluctuations and poor voltage quality. This paper presents an interval type2 fuzzy logic-based controller, consisting of current and voltage regulators, that is applied to a STATCOM to regulate the DC voltage under various operating conditions. a membership functions not used before in this filed have been used to generate IT2FL sets output. The STATCOM has been connect with the high voltage bus bar in order to use one STATCOM for all the loads According to comparative studies, the proposed method outperforms traditional PI and type1 fuzzy logic-based controllers.The simulation has been implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system.


Objective To evaluate the risk factors of students smoking in Chinese universities and to provide evidence for prevention education.Methods The results of 17 studies on the risk factors of students smoking in China university were analyzed synthetically by Meta-analysis.Results The pooled odds ratio(OR) values and 95% confidence interval of single-factor-analysis were as follows: friends smoking 3.84(3.09-4.77),teacher smoking 2.21(1.60-3.07),parental smoking 1.81(1.43-2.30).The pooled odds ratio(OR) values and 95% confidence interval of multiple-factor-analysis were as follows: parental smoking 1.66(1.39-1.98),teacher smoking 1.48(1.21-1.82),friends smoking 2.39(1.96-2.91),majors 2.05(1.20-3.50),students' attitude to smoke 2.89(1.85-4.54),living expenses 2.84(2.18-3.71),low grade 1.24(1.00-1.54),classmate smoking 1.40(1.02-1.91),mother education 0.34(0.18-0.62,drinking 4.84(3.03-7.72).Conclusion The main risk factors of students smoking in China university are drinking,students' attitude to smoke,living expenses,friends smoking,majors,parental smoking,teacher smoking and classmate smoking.


A reproductive study was conducted on 320 individuals of common Pandora Pagellus erythrinus, from Oran Bay providing information for a more understanding of the reproductive cycle. These specimens were sampled monthly during the landing of coastal fisheries among the whole samples, 86 (29.86%), were males and 202 (70.14%) were females. The monthly sex ratio showed significant differences between males and females. Females outnumbered males at size 16.5cm and 28.5cm. high gonad index values associated with advanced stages of maturity were observed in P.erythrinus females between April and July, less important values were recorded in October while size at first maturity L 50 for females occurred at 12.5cm.


A control system of automatic assemble line for Li/MnO_2 button battery based on PLC was introduced. A touch screen was used in the control system. It was used to input information, set parameters, display process chart and display alarming information. A lot of sensors were used to detect assembly line process, sothe control system had the functions of trouble shooting, mechanical trouble alarming, pneumatic system monitoring, defects detecting and rejecting, safety monitoring. Production running indicated that the control system was robust.


Reports the results of a study which investigated the moderating role of managers' value orientation towards innovation (VOI) on the relationships between managers' organisational commitment and two management control features – decentralised organisational structure and budgetary participation. Data for the study were collected from 116 managers in manufacturing firms. The results indicate that managers' VOI has a significant moderating effect on the relationships between the two management control features and managers' organisational commitment. The results reveal that the relationships are stronger for managers with high VOI than for managers with low VOI. These results have implications for enhancing managers' organisational commitment through the design of management control systems appropriate for the extent of innovative work values promoted by organisations.


The preferential accumulation of porphyrins in malignant tumor cells has been adequately documented. Hence, porphyrin derivatives radiolabeled with a suitable therapeutic radionuclide could be envisaged as potential agents for targeted tumor radiotherapy. Working in this direction, we have radiolabeled a porphyrin derivative, namely, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[3,4-bis(carboethoxymethyleneoxy)phenyl]-porphyrin, synthesized in-house, with 109Pd [Eβ(max)=1.12 MeV, Eγ=88 keV 3.6(%), T1/2 = 13.7 h]. The envisaged rationale towards designing of this agent is based on the assumption that 109Pd would complex with the tetrapyrrole donor array constituting the porphyrin core, thereby providing a highly stable chelated complex, and the peripheral ester groups would impart optimum lipophilicity needed for sufficiently high tumor accumulation and retention therein. 109Pd was produced with a specific activity of ∼1.85 GBq/mg and radionuclidic purity of 100% by the thermal neutron bombardment of enriched (98% in 108Pd) metallic Pd target at a flux of 3×1013 n/cm2s1 for 3 d. The porphyrin derivative was synthesized by a multi-step reaction and characterized by normal spectroscopic techniques. 109Pd complex of the synthesized porphyrin derivative was prepared with excellent radiochemical purity (>98%) and the complex was observed to be stable upto 24 h at room temperature. Biodistribution studies carried out in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors revealed good tumor uptake [(5.28±1.46)% injected activity (IA)/g] within 30 min post-injection (p.i.). The complex exhibited favorable tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios [1.69±0.23 and 5.00±1.54, respectively at 3 h p.i.], albeit with high liver uptake throughout the time of study (>20% IA).


This paper proposes a novel kind of direct-current and alternate-decay-current hybrid integrative magnetization and demagnetization power supplies applied to transformer dc bias treatment based on a nanocomposite magnetic material. First, according to the single-phase transformer structure, one dc bias magnetic compensation mechanism was provided. The dc bias flux in the transformer main core could be eliminated directionally by utilizing the material remanence. Second, for the rapid response characteristic of the magnetic material to an external magnetic field, one positive and negative dc magnetization superimposed decaying ac demagnetization hybrid integrative power supplies based on single-phase rectifier circuit and inverter circuit was designed. In order to accurately control the magnetic field strength by which a good de/-magnetization effect could be achieved, this paper adopts the double-loop control technology of the magnetic field strength and magnetizing current for the nanocomposite magnetic state adjustment. Finally, two 10 kVA transformers and the experiment module of the hybrid integrative power supplies were manufactured and built. Experimental results showed that the integrated power supplies have good de/-magnetization effect and practicability, proving the validity and feasibility of the proposed scheme.


Drug‐induced liver injury is a growing concern for pharmaceutical companies and patients because numerous drugs have been linked to hepatotoxicity and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn. Flutamide rarely causes liver dysfunction in humans, and immune allergic reactions have been suggested in some cases. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of flutamide‐induced liver injury in BALB/c mice. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly increased 3, 6 and 9 h after flutamide (1500 mg kg−1, p.o.) administration. The biomarker for oxidative stress was not changed, but Th2‐dominant immune‐related factors, such as interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, STAT6 and GATA‐binding protein (GATA)‐3, were induced in flutamide‐administered mice. The pre‐administration of monoclonal‐IL‐4 antibody suppressed the hepatotoxicity of flutamide. In addition, we investigated the effect of 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐PGD2 (DK‐PGD2; 10 µg per mouse, i.p.) administration on flutamide‐induced acute liver injury. Coadministration of DK‐PGD2 and flutamide resulted in a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase and a remarkable increase of macrophage inflammatory protein‐2. In conclusion, we demonstrated that flutamide‐induced acute liver injury is mediated by Th2‐dominant immune responses in mice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


........................................................................................................................................... i OPSOMMING....................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ iv PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.


Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent complication of long lasting hypertension, and carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality as well as of cardiovascular events. AF is also responsible for possible errors in blood pressure (BP) measurement. Limited information is available on the accuracy of blood pressure measurements when automated oscillometric (OSC) devices are used instead of the standard auscultatory approach (AUSC). The aim of this analysis was to compare blood pressure values measured using either a mercury sphygmomanometer or an automated electronic device in patients with AF. The analysis was limited to 353 patients (mean CHA2DSVA2SC score 3.9), enrolled in the international multicenter ESH Research Project on arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation, in whom BP was measured 4 times with the standard AUSC approach (according to Guidelines) and 4 times with an OSC device. Results mean age was 72 ± 11 (range 20–94), BMI 28 ± 5, mean CHA2S2VASC 3.9. Mean BP values were 130.3 ± 19.5 for AUSC-SBP and 131.5 ± 20.1 for OSC-SBP and 75.8 ± 11.4 for AUSC-DBP and 76.5 ± 12.3 for OSC-DBP. Correlation coefficients between automated and manual blood pressure measurements were: r = 0.917 for SBP and r = 0.856 for DBP (p < 0.0001). The difference between the oscillometric and manual measurement was on average of 1.2 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and of 0.7 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP). The standard deviations (SD) of the differences were, respectively, 8.07 and 6.39, and progressively increased wen 4, 3, 2 or 1 measurements were used. At Bland-Altman analysis the limits of agreement were −17 to 14.7 mmHg for SBP and -13.3 to 11.8 for DBP. Conclusions: In patients with hypertension and AF measurement of BP values with oscillometric devices provides similar BP values, with SD at the upper limit of AAMI criterion for the validation of devices, at least when 4 BP measurements are performed.


Based on the catch data from Chinese squid jigging vessels and the sea surface temperature with the format of 1° latitude by 1° longitude from May to November in 2004,the distribution maps were drawn by employing Marine explorer 4.0.The results show that the production in the east waters of 160°E was low during May and July.During October and November,the production in the waters from 150°E to 160°E was relative higher,which occupied 62.5 percent of total catch.During November,the production in the west waters of 150°E was also low.The highest CPUE area was located in the west waters of 150°E,next was the area from 150oE to 160°E and the lowest CPUE area was located in the east waters of 160°E.The SST in fishing ground seems to change seasonally.The suitable SST for each month are as follows: 12~14℃ on May,15~16℃ on June,14~16℃ on July,18~19℃ on August,16~17℃ on September,15~16℃ on October and 12~13℃ on November.The result of K-S test shows that the differences between sea temperature and CPUE are not remarkable.


The aim of this study is to re-establish the classification system by surveying the conditions of classification system in the actual traditional villages based on 'The classification system of environment-friendly design factors of traditional villages' in the preceding study in order to evaluate the environment-friendly design factors of traditional villages. Through the survey of 6 traditional villages, 20 new design factors like the creation of stonewall walkway and walls, etc. were found, and three additional items like the use of surrounding land form, the production of green land, and the division between exterior space and inner space were added to the existing classification system. As a result of the survey on the reestablishing classification system by 40 architectural experts, the improvement draft for the classification system of environment-friendly design factors in traditional villages after integrating and reducing the items was suggested.


This study examines the impact of cable television on Taiwan's election campaign strategies, the implications of political affiliation/ownership of cable television for political campaigns and cable's role in Taiwan's democratization process. The results show that cable has provided an alternative platform for the opposition parties and encouraged the emergence of rational politics in Taiwan. More campaign media budget has been allocated for this emerging political medium, campaign candidates and staff are taking a proactive role in expending their cable airtime, especially in popular political call-in/debate programs, and the nature of the cable political programming is fostering more issues-based campaigns.


An improved template-construction method for hand vein recognition is presented. The accomplishment of the new algorithm involves several steps. First, we design the power- controlled multispectral vein acquisition handset to establish high-quality hand vein database. Second, we propose an improved valley-shaped enhancement operator with NiBlack algorithm to realize vein segmentation. Third, we get a basic-shaped template after dilation and erosion operation in the four neighborhoods firstly, and then we can get the final matching template combining all the shapes after the process of filling the connected region whose threshold is smaller than the one we set according to the experiment effect. Finally we design the hand vein recognition experiments using the designed template and traditional template respectively. The recognition rate of the improved template is 96.6% under the 1:1 mode and 95.75% under the 1:N mode while the recognition rate of the traditional template is 89.2% under the 1:1mode and 88.2% under the 1:N mode.


Crime groups are drawn to stealing heritage and cultural property because the thefts can be less dangerous than other illicit activities and there can be a lower chance of detection. In addition, there are financial opportunities such as selling the objects, using them as currency and collateral in illicit markets, and through rewards and ransoms. While these factors remain, crime groups operating as criminal entrepreneurs will continue to be attracted to this type of theft even if situational crime prevention strategies are implemented at locations. Unique and irreplaceable heritage and cultural property will be stolen, and societies will lose in artistic, cultural, heritage, historical, and financial terms. This article argues that, while people tasked with the policing and security of heritage and cultural property should focus on the potential thefts, policing agencies also need to focus on the crime groups, especially as heritage and cultural property thefts can be crime groups' "Achilles' heel."


In the title compound, [Mn(NCO)2(C12H8N2)2], the Mn atom, on a twofold rotation axis, is chelated by the two phenanthroline ligands, with two cyanate groups in cis positions.


A very simple glass vessel was devised as an apparatus to determine the solubilization of volatile or gaseous substances. The apparatus worked well for production of constant chemical potential of the solubilizate. With use of the apparatus, the first stepwise association constant of benzene and micelle of n-dodecylammonium perfluoroacetate was found to remain constant irrespective of the amount of benzene. This result indicates constancy of monomeric solubilizate concentration in aqueous surfactant solutions of various concentrations


Bacher U, Kohlmann A, Haferlach T. Current status of gene expression profiling in the diagnosis and management of acute leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2009;145:555e68. The French-American-British (FAB) classification groups leukaemias according to their morphological appearance and was refined by cytogenetic analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO). However there can be great variation in outcome between leukaemias of the same subtype. Gene expression profiling is a powerful tool that has validated the FAB and WHO classifications of acute myeloid leukaemia. In addition, this technology risk stratifies patients with the same leukaemia, may be used to tailor treatments to individual patients and may identify potential new targets for treatment. Gene expression profiling will be introduced into clinical practice. This review provides a grasp of its progress so far, and the necessary directions for future development.


It was with great interest that we read the publication by Iglesias-Rey et al. [1], who found an association of elevated body temperature with perihemorrhagic edema (PHE) evolution exclusively in hypertension-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In accordance with pathophysiologic findings, others found an independent association of PHE evolution with inflammatory parameters including fever in ICH without further etiological differentiation [2,3]. Etiological classification of ICH may be challenging. Classifying patients with several identified etiological factors as unknown may pose possible bias. Identifying cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)related ICH may require specific criteria and possibly further diagnostic testing [4,5]. A detailed description would be helpful. Furthermore, a larger sample size may be necessary to detect mechanisms related to PHE evolution in subgroups of ICH patients (e.g. CAA-related) due to the complex pathophysiological processes associated with PHE [2,3,6]. Here, ICH volume in particular and related measures are considered to be a major factor contributing to PHE evolution [6,7]. Thus, it is important to adjust analyses correlating PHE with other variables for ICH volume to assess independent associations. Delineation of PHE may be difficult on computed tomography scans. Although volumetric assessments using the ABC/2 formula may be considered when analysing hematoma volumes [8], validated algorithms are recommended in PHE assessment [9,10]. Although increasing evidence supports the association of inflammation and temperature with PHE evolution, further research is required to elucidate the complex interaction between inflammation, edema, hematoma and etiology.


In recent years, with the introduction of graph neural networks in recommendation systems, collaborative filtering has been significantly improved, especially in handling large-scale, high-dimensional, and sparse user behavior data. Graph neural networks can better capture the complex relationships between users and items. However, existing graph neural network methods still have limitations in dealing with collaborative filtering problems, particularly in addressing data sparsity and long-tail issues. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel graph neural collaborative filtering (SDGCF) algorithm, which combines self-supervised learning and degree centrality fusion strategy, as well as jointly optimizes multiple loss functions including BPR_Loss and contrastive loss, to further improve the performance of collaborative filtering algorithms. Through experiments on three public datasets, the SDGCF algorithm demonstrates superior performance in terms of recommendation accuracy, recall, hit rate, and NDCG, proving its effectiveness in alleviating data sparsity and long-tail issues.


The Original Bishops: Office and Order in the First Christian Communities. By Alistair C. Stewart. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2014. xx + 396 pp. $50.00 (cloth).Alistair Stewart challenges several near consensus positions about the origins of ecclesial structures in his account of the rise of monepiscopacy. Given the terminological differences in studies of church authority, he helpfully defines his terms along the following lines. He argues that episkopos (bishop/overseer) and presbyteros (elder) are not synonyms but perionyms, that is, "two words in unspecified relationship that inhabit the same semantic domain" (p. 13). An episkopos was a leader of a single Christian congregation. Although the definition of presbyteros is more complicated and discussed fully in chapter 3, the way in which it is used here denotes a collective body of church leaders in a city. Stewart traces the rise of Christian leaders who had responsibilities for multiple congregations and subordinate officers by the turn of the third century. He refers to such a leader as monepiskopos-an episkopos who exercises leadership over several Christian communities with subordinate ministers in these communities. Although Stewart clarifies how he uses these terms, his usage differs from the way in which the terms are used in some other studies and is worth noting from the outset.Chapter 1 critiques the position that episkopos and presbyteros are synonymous. Stewart examines evidence for federation in the churches at Rome, Ephesus, Corinth, and Philippi. Household congregations in these cities interacted with, but were distinguishable from, other Christian groups in their respective cities. He proposes that the origins of the episkopos lie in the economic functions that they exercised and challenges the hypothesis that the origins of the episkopos can be found in the leadership of Jewish synagogues. Stewart argues that the role of the diakonos (deacon) was closely associated with the episkopos and involved the distribution of food and charity in the eucharist. Chapter 3 places the origins of the presbyteros in the language of Hellenistic associations rather than Jewish synagogues. A presbyteros could refer to a gathering of individual congregational leaders (episkopoi) in a particular city or to honored members within a congregation who served as patrons rather than as officers.With these findings in the background, Stewart examines the evidence for federation and monepiscopacy in chapter 4. This includes studies of the development of leadership structures in Alexandria, the rest of Egypt, Bithynia, Smyrna, Philippi, Jerusalem, Antioch, and certain Asian communities. …


In this paper,the working principle of the heat-pipe was introduced,the designed heat-pipe exchanger and its application over the years was described,focused on the requirements of the working medium of the heat-pipe the working medium,and the current several commonly used medium was analyzed.


Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in the inflammatory response and contributing to producing local hyperalgesia. It is known that pentoxifylline inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out, using a behavioural test and neuronal Fos expression, if this drug had some antinociceptive effect decreasing nociresponsive neuron activation in the spinal cord after nociceptive inflammation (injection of formalin in the hind paw). Our data showed that formalin induced a great number of Fos-positive neurons in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord mainly in the ipsilateral I and II laminae. The local pre-treatment with pentoxifylline before the formalin injection, decreased the nociceptive response in the formalin test and the number of Fos positive neurons in the spinal cord. This finding suggests that pentoxifylline is involved in decreasing the activation of nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord playing a role in local anti-nociception.


Abstract The hospitality industry continues to thrive, but high rates of turnover still persist within line level employees. Drawing from coworker support and organizational embeddedness, it is hypothesized that when employees with more coworker support will decrease their turnover intention. Results from surveying 564 line level employees from a large restaurant chain, indicate that coworker support has an impact on turnover intentions and that employees with more coworker support will have higher levels of organizational embeddedness. The findings highlight the importance of coworker support and organizational embeddedness to reduce turnover intention among line level employees.


NPR1 is a key regulator in plant systemic acquired resistance(SAR).Scnpr1 gene was isolated by homologous cloning and RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) method from Secale Cereale cv JingzhouHeimai.The full-length cDNA of Scnpr1 gene was 3185 bp,which contained an open reading frame with the length of 1524 bp DNA encoding a 507 amino acids,untranslated region of 1517bp at 5′-end and 144bp at 3′ end..The predicted protein Scnpr1 shares high homology with a reported NPR1 from barley(72%) and a rice NPR1(65%) by using bioinformatics analysis for the structure of ScNPR1.Its expression pattern was clarified by LightCycler Real Time PCR.The expression of Scnpr1 was regulated by signal molecules MJ,ET,SA,and upregulated when treated with the pathogens of Erysiphe cichoracearum,Rhizoctonia cerealis and Fusarium graminearum.The results indicated that Scnpr1 gene was the homologous gene of NPR1 gene in Secale Cereale.The expression of Scnpr1 gene was relevant to ET and SA signal transduction pathways,and it potentially involved in host defense responses to wheat pathogen.


J. Vaz De Carvalho and T. Almada in A generalization of the Lukasiewicz algebras, Studia Logica 69 (2001), 329-338 introduced the variety L m , m 1, n 2, of m{generalized Lukasiewicz algebras of order n as a generalization of Lukasiewicz algebras of order n and a particular case of Ockham algebras. In this note, bearing in mind the important role that weak implication played in the study of Lukasiewicz algebras of order n, we introduce an implication operation on m{generalized Lukasiewicz algebras of order n. As this operation generalizes the one indicated above, we will call it with the same name. The deductive systems associated with this implication enable us to establish an isomorphism between the congruence lattice of an m{generalized Lukasiewicz algebras of order n A and the lattice of all the deductive systems of A. This result turns out to be quite useful for characterizing the principal congruences on these algebras simplier than the one described in the above mentioned paper.


This paper presents a new numerical fitting solution (NFS) for wave equation modelling and migration, which is more accurate than the conventional difference solution (CDS).The main difference between NFS and CDS lies in the methods of the discretization of the wave equation. The paper points out the disadvantages and problems of the difference discrete method by analyzing its implementation procedure and introduces a new fitting discrete method. Compared with the difference method, NFS takes the overall considerations to the wave equation and its numerical operators, with the fixed sample interval and step length, are the optimal ones, therefore, NFS is able to adapt itself to the variations of such parameters as the sample interval, the step length and the velocity, etc. and offers a more accurate solution than CDS does.The paper also gives an NFS migration design example, analyzes its result and provides a set of the NFS migration figures.


Ezekiel 20:25-26 is one of the most infamous interpretive cruxes of the book of Ezekiel. As Hartmut Gese put it, "Die Auslegung von Ez 20,25f.,... ist schon seit den Anfangen alttestamentlicher Wissenschaft als besonders schwieriges Problem empfunden worden."1 In these two verses, the writer of the book, whom we will call "Ezekiel" without prejudice toward debates about authorship, makes the shocking claim that the LORD gave Israel "laws that were not good," which not only failed to give the people life but actually defiled them: 25 Moreover, I gave them laws that were not good and rules by which they could not live: 26 When they set aside every first issue of the womb, I defiled them by their very gifts-that I might render them desolate, that they might know that I am the Lord. [NJPS]2 What were these "not good" laws to which Ezekiel refers? There has been no lack of proposals, as Daniel I. Block has shown in his recent commentary, where over a half-dozen interpretive options are ably summarized.3 On the one hand, some interpreters opt to emend the text, like Johann Lust, who would delete most of v. 26 as a later (erroneous) interpolation. Similarly, julius A. Bewer reverses w. 25-26 and v. 27, so that Ezekiel's shocking claim merely echoes Israel's blasphemous misconstrual of the LORD'S demands.4 On the other hand, most scholars accept the text in its present form and explain it in terms of Ezekiel's ongoing prophetic revision of older Exodus traditions,5 regarding either Israel's moral condition6 or its deity.7 In this article we wish to suggest a new solution, which identifies Ezekiel's "not good" laws with the Deuteronomic law code. Our approach is primarily synchronie, based on a literary reading of Ezekiel in its final form and canonical setting; but we will also draw on recent historical-critical and literary-critical scholarship on Ezekiel's use of Priestly and Deuteronomic traditions in ch. 20. In the following, we will first establish the correspondence of the laws with the Deuteronomic code through an analysis of the literary structure and narrative sequence of ch. 20. second, we will attempt to explain why Ezekiel, who thinks and writes from a Priestly perspective, would consider at least certain laws of the Deuteronomic code to be "not good."8 Third, we will propose an explanation for the bizarre statements of v. 26-which describe the LORD defiling Israel through the offering of their firstborn-in terms of the conflict between Priestly and Deuteronomic laws concerning the sacrifice of firstlings. I. Narrative Flow and Literary Structure In order to see how these correspondences can be made, let us start with the second panel (w. 10-17) and see how the events mentioned by Ezekiel in ch. 20 follow the sequence known from the pentateuchal narrative. Verses 10-12 state that the LORD "brought them out of Egypt," "led them into the wilderness," and then "gave them My laws." This would describe the exodus event (Exod 12-18) and the giving of the law at Sinai (Exod 19-31). Next v. 13 insists, "the House of Israel rebelled against Me in the wilderness," probably an allusion to the incident of the golden calf (Exod 32). The LORD'S wish to destroy Israel in the desert, but decision to refrain for the sake of his name (w. 13b-14), is recorded in Exod 32:7-14, where Moses intercedes with God on behalf of the people. When in the following verse Ezekiel describes the LORD saying "I swore to them in the wilderness that I would not bring them into the land," this would refer to Israel's rebellion after the twelve spies scouted the land (Num 13-14), when the LORD did indeed swear concerning the first wilderness generation that "none of the men . . . shall see the land I promised on oath to their fathers" (Num 14:20-23, cf. Deut 2:14). Ezekiel 20:18-26 now explicitly speaks of the second generation in the wilderness, corresponding to the pentateuchal narrative from Num 25 through the end of Deuteronomy. …


Mackenzie, in his treatise on ophthalmology, first directed especial attention to the fact that, in some persons, tobacco exerted a toxic influence upon the optic nerve. This view was fully confirmed by the observations of Hart and Wordsworth, published a few years later. Hutchinson followed with several series of cases published in succeeding volumes of the Ophthalmic Hospital Reports. Each succeeding series being studied in the light of the preceding ones, threw an increasing flood of light upon the varying phases of this interesting affection. Krenchell, in 1870, gave us an excellent treatise upon this subject, based upon the careful study of 183 cases observed in Hanson's Copenhagen clinic. Forster and Leber, in 1868-69, published their method of correcting slight defects of vision by means of the color sense. Bjerrum discovered the value of using slightly different shades of the same color in detecting the slighter degrees of central scotoma.


The research work described in this thesis concerns metal-based anticancer drugs with an emphasis on non-covalent DNA-binding supramolecular assemblies.
The project involves the preparation of a series of mono- and bi-metallic ruthenium complexes with a primary focus on fluorescent dinuclear triple-stranded helicates with different structural topographies. Emphasis is then directed towards an investigation of the DNA binding characteristics of these molecules and an evaluation of their anticancer properties in human cancer cell lines. Attention is brought to the significance that the cylinder-building moieties and their structural characteristics have to these features.
The studies also include an examination of the effects of chirality of the investigated supramolecular systems and the impact they have on molecular recognition. This is addressed via studies of the interaction of optical isomers of ruthenium triple-stranded helicates with DNA as a biomolecular target system and with Δ-TRISPHAT as a representative small chiral molecule.


Investigation of differential expression of diapause related genes (five metabolic, five heat shock protein and one translational regulatory) in HCl-treated (non-diapause) and untreated (diapause) eggs of B. mori during early embryogenesis (up to 48h following oviposition) revealed the up-regulation of sorbitol dehydrogenase upon HCl treatment, indicating increased glycogen synthesis for further embryonic development but, down-regulation of phosphofructo kinase gene expression after 18h of oviposition indicating an arrest of glycerol and sorbitol conversion. The expression of poly A binding protein gene expression was higher upon HCl treatment, revealing the initiation of translation. The expression levels of other genes analyzed did not vary significantly, except for Hsp90 and Hsp40, which were up-regulated on acid treatment until 18h. Thus, Sorbitoldehydrogenase and phosphofructo kinasegenes have a crucial role in diapause termination as evidenced by HCl treatment, while the other genes did not have major roles.


Nitrogen has a critical influence on the yield and quality of proso millet. However, the exact impact of nitrogen on the cooking quality of proso millet is not clear. In this study, the cooking quality and starch properties of two proso millet varieties (waxy‐Shaanxi millet [wSM] variety and non‐waxy‐Shaanxi millet [nSM] variety) were compared and analyzed under nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N150, 150 kg/hm2) and a control group without nitrogen application (N0, 0 kg/hm2). Compared with the N0 group, the N150 treatment significantly increased protein content, amylose levels, and total yield. Employing rapid visco analyser and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, we observed that under the N150 treatment, the peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of proso millet powder were diminished, while the setback viscosity and enthalpy values (ΔH) increased. In addition, nitrogen treatment increased the solids content in the obtained rice soup and significantly hardened the texture of the rice. At the same time, we noticed that the absorption capacity of starch in water and oil was enhanced. These results showed that nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on the cooking quality and starch properties of proso millet.


Twelve clinically healthy buffalo calves were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. All the animals were subjected to post-xiphoid laparotomy under local infiltration anaesthesia. In animals of groups A and B, half and three fourth reticular resection was done, respectively. Whereas in group C, no reticular resection was done and it served as control. No complication due to the surgery was recorded in animals of any group. Clinically, the~ammals of groups A and C behaved more or less normal throughout the post-operative period Animals of group B, however, showed reduced appetite, mild tympany and passed scanty faeces up to the end of 3rd week after surgery. The study suggested that half of the reticulum can be resected safely without any clinically evident side effects.


Bitumen painted and zinc coated(130 g/m2) ductile cast iron pipe samples with damages were immersed in 5 g/L NaCl solution,the evolution of the electrochemical potential of the samples was measured periodically using electrochemical "two-electrodes" technique,and the time to first red rusting and the morphology evolution of the damaged area were recorded.The results indicate that the protective potential of iron is-0.780 V above which red rusting will appear.Compared to bitumen painting,zinc coating can provide cast iron pipes with effective cathodic and self-healing protection,thus delaying remarkably the time to first red rusting.


For ocular fundus images (OFIs), geometric distortion due to taking pictures at oblique visuai points and gray level distortion due to leakage of fluorescein and so on are almost unavoidable. To provide better information for clinical use, it is very necessary to match many OFIs as a big one. In this paper, several new methods, such as gray level calibration based on filtering technique with large window, geometric calibration based on principle of perspective projection, and registration scheme based on wavelet multi scale decomposition of images, are proposed, all of which have advantages of better effect and less computational time.


The effects of common variants of CYP1A2 gene (CYP1A2*1C and CYP1A2*1F) on the CYP1A2 activity and inducibility were controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of CYP1A2*1C and CYP1A2*1F on the activity of CYP1A2 determined by urinary caffeine metabolite ratio in Koreans. As might be expected, there was large inter-individual variation (16-folds) of CYP1A2 activity ranged from 2.41 to 39.58. The mean CYP1A2 activity of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers. The frequencies of CYP1A2*1C (-3858A) and *1F (-164A) alleles were 0.219 and 0.646, respectively. The effect of CYP1A2*1C on the CYP1A2 activity was not significant. However, the CYP1A2 activity of subjects with AA genotype for CYP1A2*1F allele was significantly lower than that of non-AA genotypes (CC, or CA). Interestingly, the significant effect of CYP1A2*1F allele on CYP1A2 activity was not observed in nonsmokers. Our results suggest that CYP1A2*1F allele rather than CYP1A2*1C allele significantly influences on the inducibility of CYP1A2 in Koreans. Owing to small sample size of our study, further studies should be conducted to reveal the inter-ethnic difference or the gene-environmental


It was confirmed experimentally that a 210° cylindrical energy analyzer with drift spaces has second‐order focusing. The properties of the analyzer are strongly dependent on the fringing field around the entrance and exit of the cylinders.


This research is motivated by the difficulties faced by students when writing exposition texts, one of which is the lack of students' knowledge and interest in writing exposition text because students still feel lazy to express ideas in writing, especially determining their linguistic elements. The statement is based on the results of interviews with Indonesian language subject teachers. So that researchers try to improve the creativity of students in writing exposition texts, one of them is by using the mind mapping method in learning to write exposition text. The researcher used an experimental method with design (one group pre-post test) by collecting data in the form of final test results (pre-test) and final test (post-test) with a sample of 25 high school students. Based on the research data, the comparison of the results of exposition text writing learning with mind mapping method influences the learning process can be proven from the results of the comparison obtained by students having quite significant comparisons, before using mind mapping methods obtain an average value of 74.96 and after using the method have average value of 83.16. So learning using the mind mapping method can be applied in learning exposition text writing because there is an increase in the results of the average student score.


Homogeneity is a concept used by grammarians to explain several grammatical provisions dispersed amongst multiple fields. This research paper examines this concept and its impact on Arabic grammar at the syntactical and interpretation levels and how it relates to other rules. This study compiles locations and texts in which the term is mentioned and others used by grammarians to relay the same concept. The impact of this issue is clear in its ability to display the pivotal impact of the concept of homogeneity in the Arabic linguistic rhetoric. Despite that fact that it appears clearly in the field of comparative literature, there is still some room for further investigation in the grammatical discourse due to lack of attention granted to it. This research paper includes an introduction and three research points, the first is for the term (Almoshakalah). The second which investigates the theoretical framework of homogeneity and the third which investigates various forms of grammatical and linguistical homogeneity after which the conclusion states essential research points.


penelitian penelitian instrumen data digital menjadi sinyal digital dalam bentuk line coding jenis unipolar yaitu dan RZ serta yaitu HDB-3 menggunakan prosesor OMAP L-138 yang berupa prototipe. Hasil dari penelitian ini merupakan representasi nilai data biner menjadi sinyal digital sesuai dengan jenis line coding telah sesuai berdasarkan teori yang berlaku dan juga sesuai berdasarkan proses pada diagram blok sistem. Abstract Practicum of Communication Systems and Telecommunication Transmission Engineering which has been carried out at the Bandung State Polytechnic Telecommunication Engineering study program is carried out using hands-on instruments in the laboratory. However, the performance of the practicum is increasingly less than optimal because the performance of the instruments used decreases due to the age factor. One solution that can be done is to use signal processing techniques and apply the communication system concepts learned to the digital signal processor. This study aims to utilize the OMAP-L138 module for line coding generation as a learning module. This research was carried out in stages, starting with the generation of pulse code modulation (PCM) which has been running in previous studies, followed by the generation of the current line coding. The data generated in the previous research was continued as input data in this study. The result is a digital data processing instrument into a digital signal in the form of line coding with unipolar types, namely NRZ and RZ and bipolar types, namely AMI and HDB-3 using an OMAP L-138 processor in the form of a prototype. The result of this research is a representation of the value of binary data into a digital signal according to the type of line coding that is appropriate based on the applicable theory and is also appropriate based on the process on the system block diagram.


The present work examines the chemical absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in aqueous calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) slurries, which leads to the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Carbonation of the Ca(OH)2 slurry is an important method for the industrial manufacture of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), wherein the hydroxide particles are gradually converted to carbonate. Experimental data have been generated by contacting CO2 with an aqueous Ca(OH)2 suspension in a model gas−liquid, stirred contactor, under different operating conditions. It is not possible to distinguish between the different types of particles present in the system (hydroxide, carbonate, mixed particles) "visually". Therefore, the particle size distribution of all the particles present has been obtained using microscopy and optical image analysis techniques. The conversion of hydroxide-to-carbonate is determined by titration. A modeling approach that assumes that the hydroxide particles get converted by the diffusion of dissolved...


The present invention discloses a method for detecting the crane load swing angle, the hook / load sling connection to the mobile carriage of the crane body is attached to two or more nodes in a wireless network is fixed on the crane body, the bail / load a pivot mounted radio network node; each pivot node and the nodes communicate with each other all fixed, spatial position of the positioning of the hook / on a load (RSSI) RSSI ranging technique, and finally calculates the load swing angle space. The radio network node according to the present invention has the advantages of easy installation, low-cost, effective detection can swing crane where the load, to the benefit of efficient production of safe crane.


Presented rationale for laboratory diagnosis of hemostasis hemolytic portable analyzer in the special emergency teams carrying out diagnostic and counseling to clinics and maternity hospitals Kazan in situations of acute hemostatic disorders.


Precision agriculture systems collect spectral images from satellites, from which vegetation indices (VIs) can be assessed to monitor vegetation and soil condition. It requires a near-daily data acquisition to perform robust crop monitoring and data analysis. Satellites provide a periodic data acquisition that need a further data integration using multiple satellite sources along with camera-equipped drones to achieve an accurate data collection on a selected area. Moreover, VIs are not enough for a proper vegetation evaluation of the monitored areas due to differences among cultivars, the phenological season in which the vegetation is evaluated, the latitude of the areas, etc. This article introduces a system model to detect anomalies regarding the vegetation and soil conditions according to the area phenology and the historical vegetation trends. The system collects spectral images of the regions of interest (ROIs) from satellites and drones, harmonized to calculate VIs and feeds a dataset of near-daily high-resolution integrated images. The harmonic analysis allows phenological data extraction about the ROIs, hence the territorial observation model (TOM) has been extended to represent phenological stages and build knowledge on the ROIs and their phenology that is stored on a triple store. The system selects the VI values, calculated during the learned growing seasons of the ROIs, and classifies them to detect vegetation anomalies affecting those ROIs. The collected knowledge can be used by end-users (e.g., agronomists, experts, etc.) to analyze the anomalies correlated to historical results and vegetation trends.


During the past few years, due to the view of all aspects of ecology, these have been renewed focus with the interest in so called natural foods and drugs. The availability of extremely wide range of these natural products ranging from fenugreek tea to ginseng chewing gum has timulated the public to learn more about these natural products as medicine. Nature has provided a complete "Store house" of remedies to rectify all illness of mankind. It provides us a wide range of medicines in the forms of herb, plant, etc to eradicate many diseases without causing much of toxic effects. Plant kingdom holds many species of plants containing pharmacologically active constituents. The data showed that, the chloroform extract of Andrographis echioides produced significant diuretic activity, evidenced by the increased excretion of sodium and potassium ions, comparable to the standard drug, frusemide. Hence I concluded that the chloroform extract of Andrographis echioides showed effective diuretic activity by increasing the total urine output and increased excretion of sodium and potassium salts


This work reports the problem of intelligent control and path planning of multiple mobile robots. Soft computing methods, based on three main approaches i.e. 1) Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm, 2) Radial Basis Function Network and 3) Bees Algorithm are presented. Initially, Bacterial foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) with constant step size is analyzed for the navigation of mobile robots. Then the step size has been made adaptive to develop an Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization (ABFO) controller. Further, another controller using radial basis function neural network has been developed for the mobile robot navigation. Number of training patterns are intended to train the RBFN controller for different conditions arises during the navigation. Moreover, Bees Algorithm has been used for the path planning of the mobile robots in unknown environments. A new fitness function has been used to perform the essential navigational tasks effectively and efficiently. In addition to the selected standalone approaches, hybrid models are also proposed to improve the ability of independent navigation. Five hybrid models have been presented and analyzed for navigation of one, two and four mobile robots in various scenarios. Comparisons have been made for the distance travelled and time taken by the robots in simulation and real time. Further, all the proposed approaches are found capable of solving the basic issues of path planning for mobile robots while doing navigation. The controllers have been designed, developed and analyzed for various situations analogous to possible applications of the robots in indoor environments. Computer simulations are presented for all cases with single and multiple mobile robots in different environments to show the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. Furthermore, various exercises have been performed, analyzed and compared in physical environments to exhibit the effectiveness of the developed controllers.


Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are an important class of compounds in dyeing and textile industries. New nitrogen containing heterocyclic azo compounds have been synthesized by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a catalyst having a particle size of 15 nm. AuNPs play an important role in the coupling reaction to produce new heterocyclic azo pigments. These azo pigments were tested to solubility, light fastness, and durability. These synthesized nitrogen-containing heterocyclic pigments were characterized by melting points, UV–vis, FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy for their characteristics and structural features. After analysis, these pigments at lower concentrations were blended with the n-butyl acrylate–co-methyl methacrylate (n-BA-co-MMA) polymer. These blended pigments were coated on a simple silica glass surface by following the simple deep and dry method. The coupled azo pigment shows excellent binding strength with poly(n-BA-co-MMA) acrylic polymers.


The structure of the edge radial electric field {ital E}{sub {ital r}} inferred from the poloidal rotation velocity is compared with that of the particle and thermal transport barrier for {ital H}-mode plasmas in JFT-2M. Both {ital E}{sub {ital r}} and its gradient {partial derivative}{ital E}{sub {ital r}}/{partial derivative}{ital r} in the thermal transport barrier are found to become more negative at the {ital L}-{ital H} transition. On the other hand, {partial derivative}{ital E}{sub {ital r}}/{partial derivative}{ital r} is more positive outside of the separatrix. The shear of the radial electric field and poloidal rotation velocity in the {ital H} mode is localized within the order of an ion poloidal gyroradius near the separatrix, in the region of ion collisionality {nu}{sub *{ital i}}{approx}20--40.


Various legal defects in Anti Unfair Competition Law such as diversified administrative entities for law enforcing,flexibility and ambiguity of law text,closeness and time lag in the scope and content of legal norms,insufficient measures in law enforcement and insufficient punitive strength for unfair competition behavior affect its enforcing effects.It is an urgent task to perfect Anti Unfair Competition Law by taking the opportunity of revisint it.It is suggested the following measures should be taken to overcome implementing obstacles arising from legal defects: Firstly,rectifying the stipulation concerning competition law enforcing entity so as to get rid of diversification in law enforcing agencies.Secondly,making ambiguous articles clearer and more concrete so as to make the law more operational.Thirdly,improving general stipulations so as to look into the legal responsibility of new type unfair competition behaviors.Fourthly,strengthening law enforcing measures and punitive rules so as to demonstrate punitive strength.


The delivey of post-qualification education is changing rapidly, with most higher education institutions establishing blended learning or e-learning within their education provision, alongside face-to-face student contact to deliver learning content. There are concerns which have been expressed by both students and managers about a reduction in taught content of modules, but e-learning is here to stay.


This study explored the social repercussions of preadolescents' mobile device use within the family context by testing two opposing predictions regarding the impact of technology on the quality of interpersonal relationships. Specifically, we examined whether smartphone and tablet use was positively related to preadolescents' self-disclosure to their parents and/or displaced family time, which we hypothesized to be related to children's satisfaction with family life. Results of a cross-sectional survey (n = 698, 49.6% girls, Mage= 10.9, SD = 0.69) provided support for both hypotheses, thus corroborating the presence of at least two diverging pathways that underlie this relationship. Although mobile device use seemed to foster a context that supported children's self-disclosure to their parents, results also indicated a negative and indirect association through children's perceived family time. This negative pathway, however, did not hold when social use among children and parents (e.g., playing games together online) was considered separately.


Conventional sensors for the VIS spectrum are limited in their performance disregarding the spectral characteristics of the objects. Knowing these characteristics for soil, water and vegetation optimal bandwidth, distances and number of bands can be designed for each special monitoring case, taking atmospheric and flight conditions into consideration.


ABS> Six experiments were performed on the uranium density in paraffin and water at 0.5 to 3.1 gm/cm/sup 3/. The H: U/sup 235/ atomic ratios varied from 200 to 1000. Calculations were performed, using two methods (NSA, l5: 15077). Results, represented tabularly and graphically, gave k/sub eff/= 1.00 plus or minus 0.01. Critical radii of unreflected spheres were calculated, and effects of an infinite paraffin reflector on the 2% enrichment calculations are given. (L.N.N.) Radiations


Abstract The taxonomy and biology of the species of Ceruraphis Boerner are reviewed. Keys for separating different species on their primary and secondary hosts are incorporated.


The life of Dr. Juan Byron fills of pride the history of medicine of our nation. Peruvian by birth, he lived in Lima during the second half of the IXI century. Survivor of the war against Chile where his knowledge saved many lives, he was the founder of the medical society "Union Fernandina" and of its journal "Cronica Medica". Journalist, author of dramas, meteorologist, poliglot, bacteriologist and epidemiologist, researcher and teacher of great prestige in the United States of America and a martyr of medicine. None the less this has not been enough spread. Being close to the centennial of his dead (8th May 1,995), I believe it is the right time to make known the most important aspects of his life.


Objective: This study was conducted to describe the social, mental health difficulties and psychological behavior of students at some middle and high schools in Hanoi during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in November 2021 using the form of an online survey on 5,315 students aged 11-17 years old residing in Hanoi. The four main outcome variables included family care and pressure, self-esteem, coping with stressful situations, and anxiety. Results: Results show that during the COVID-19 epidemic, about 11.6% of students experienced domestic family violence. Up to 43.5% of students assessed that they spent so much time using electronic devices that they did not have time to connect with their families. About 7.4% of students had severe anxiety symptoms, and 67.9% had mild or moderate symptoms. The participants also reported low coping skills and self-esteem during COVID social distancing. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic, following school closures and distance learning, negatively impacted the psychological development of middle and high school students in Hanoi city. High schools should prioritize integrating coping strategies into their curricula and implement coping interventions to counter the harmful impact of stress on mental health. Future research should investigate the potential association between the duration of school closures and temporal changes in mental health symptoms. Key words: Economic, Social, Mental Health, COVID-19 lockdown period, High School


This paper describes the framework of the proposed intelligent structural design system, ISTRUDS, currently under development, and an implemented example, IPDOJS, intended for the preliminary design of fixed‐steel offshore jacket structures. The framework comprises of a knowledge‐based system development tool, a conventional structural analysis and design package, and an interfacing automatic data generator cum interactive graphic editor. Function of the latter is essentially to couple the first two tools into an integrated system so that the expertise knowledge in the implemented expert system can be used to guide the numerical procedures embedded in the analysis and design package. An interactive graphic editor has also been provided to facilitate visual modification of the pre‐ and postprocessed structural model. The objective of the example is to illustrate an approach to the development of an intelligent structural design system for the design of offshore and/or onshore structures.


Tere is some evidence for the steps that turned communities from the absence of an institutionalized inequality to the emergence of hereditary chiefs that when successful in expanding their power base and area of dominance in Upper Egypt, resulted in regional kings and in time, the first pharaohs of a united Egypt. However, there is not much to go about as data for the frst steps, that becomes more abundant later on in predynastic Egypt, but after assessing what is available I decided to sum it up bringing together what I could identify in previous publications and from new other sources. In this paper an attempt is made to locate relevant evidence for many aspects of this transition, with special emphasis on the frst steps in this direction, and the importance of early religion and its representatives in validating the new social, political and economic reality.


Roads are vital for the movement of people and goods, and their durability and mechanical properties depend on various factors, including the construction materials used. Marshall properties are crucial for analysis of asphaltic concrete designed for road construction, Also, filler materials improves the properties of asphaltic concrete. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of oyster shell ash (OSA) on the Marshall properties of hot mix asphalt concrete. The Marshall properties analyzed include stability, flow, void in mineral aggregate (VMA), void in the mixture (VIM), void filled with asphalt (VFA), and Marshall Quotient (MQ). The research revealed that the addition of oyster shell ash enhanced the stability and flow of asphaltic concrete. VMA and VFA increased with increase in OSA content, while increase in asphalt content resulted in a decrease in VIM and increase in VFA. The optimum performance of the Marshall's properties was recorded at 10% OSA and 5% asphalt content. The study also showed that the OSA-filled asphaltic concrete improved the performance of the OSA-filled asphalt concrete stability and stiffness compared to the sample without OSA. Moreover, OSA enhances the stiffness of the mixture, as reflected by the Marshall Quotient. Therefore, the findings highlighted the potential of oyster shell ash as a viable and sustainable filler material in asphaltic concrete.


Background: The incidence of workplace violence has continued to occupy a significant place in healthcare at a rate nearly double that in other industries. Those providing direct bedside care are among the most vulnerable to violence, including nursing students. Many students report experiencing verbal or physical aggression prior to graduating from nursing school. Purpose : The purpose of this quantitative prospective experimental study was to measure the level of self-efficacy of nursing students' verbal de-escalation skills before and after verbal de-escalation training, to see if the training made a measurable effect on the level of self-efficacy. Method: Seventeen nursing students in their psychiatric-mental health course rotation completed a pre- and post-intervention survey based on Thackrey's Confidence in Coping with Patient Aggression scale (1987) to measure self-efficacy. The intervention included up to 90 minutes of interactive verbal de-escalation training. Result: A statistically significant increase in self-efficacy scores was noted from pre-intervention ( M = 39, SD = 13.5) to post-intervention ( M = 60.9, SD = 14.3), t (16) = 6.92, p < .001 (two-tailed). The mean increase in CCCPA scores was 21.8 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 28.6 to 15.2. The eta squared statistic (0.46) indicated a large effect size. Conclusion: Verbal de-escalation training in all nursing programs is recommended. contributed essential knowledge to the current research on violence toward nursing students in healthcare, by utilizing a nursing student population in a psychiatric clinical rotation, a psychometrically sound survey instrument, and an evidence-based educational program. The addition of this research has helped to address the effectiveness of verbal de-escalation training This comparative prospective study used a randomized control design to investigate the self-efficacy levels of a convenience sample of nursing students.


The paper deals with the functions of verbal nouns in Old and Middle Czech, analyzing the onomasiological categories that are employed with these nouns. As in contemporary Czech, action nouns represent by far the most frequent (paradigmatic) category; however, there are some differences between them and their contemporary-Czech counterparts, among which different valence possibilities stand out. Other frequently represented categories are nouns of results, means, qualities and places, the rest of the categories (such as agent nouns) being rather marginal. The article shows that this arrangement of categories (including their paradigmaticity) is not accidental but corresponds to the general relations between these categories, which are reflected in the distribution of a number of other derivative formants. These relations have been previously described by a semantic map; this paper shows that the semantic map methodology might be a useful tool also for the analysis of the degree of paradigmaticity of onomasiological categories in word formation.


THE ROLE OF REPRESENTATIVE OF MUSLIM SERVICEMEN PIPSS.ORG - If I'm not mistaken, both the Department of the Council of Muftis of Russia, which is concerned with Muslims in the military service, and the position of Representative of Military Muslims were created at the beginning of the first Chechen war in 1994. What is the role of this representative? What are his functions, and have they evolved with time? Marat-KhazratArslanov: First of all, I wish to say that the department and its functi...


Line structured light vision sensor (LSLVS) with given movement is widely used in many fields of industry for simple structure, fast scanning speed, and low power consumption. One of the applications is rotating LSLVS as a 3-D LiDAR, which is applicable to tasks with limited power consumption, such as the planetary exploration task. Accurate calibration between the LSLVS and the rotating platform is essential to such system, which is difficult for the characteristics of the movement and the problem of time synchronization. In this work, we aim to perform the spatial and the temporal calibration for the rotating LSLVS in two stages. In the first stage, the extrinsic parameters are calculated based on the image data captured in different orientations, during which the LSLVS remains static to avoid errors caused by time offset. Also, multiple constraints are added in this stage in order to have the high accuracy and robustness of calibration. Then, in the second stage, with the extrinsic parameters being precisely calibrated, the temporal calibration is performed by minimizing the reprojection errors of visual feature points, which indicates the asynchronization between the trajectory profile of the LSLVS recorded by the rotating platform and retrieved from images. The observability of the extrinsic parameters and the time delay are analyzed in detail. Simulated and realistic experiments show the competitive accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.


Increasingly, complex mechatronic systems are being designed to have higher levels of autonomy and intelligence. This requires them to operate in multiple interaction-states. To facilitate computeraided conceptual design of complex mechatronic systems, this paper provides a framework for modeling design concepts behind mechatronic systems with multiple interaction-states. We introduce the primitives and operators used in the modeling framework, and illustrate the modeling process by an example.


In this paper, a fast and accurate algorithm for identifying circular objects in images is proposed. The presented method is a robust, fast and optimized adaption of Circular Hough Transform (CHT), Eigenvalues of Covariance Matrix and K-means clustering techniques. Results are greatly improved by implementing iterative K-means clustering algorithm and establishing an exponential growth instead of updating values in the parameter space of CHT through summation, both in runtime and quality. In fact, using the Eigenvalues of Covariance Matrix as a validating method, a well balanced compromise between the speed and accuracy of results is achieved. This method is tested on several real world images with different circular objects within them; furthermore, as shown in the experimental results, it has been proved to be noticeably robust against noise.


Background and aim Factors influencing the pharmacokinetics (PK) of infliximab (IFX) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were identified from clinical trials. We studied a large cohort of IBD patients to identify patient, disease and treatment characteristics influencing IFX PK. Methods IFX and antibodies to IFX (ATI) measurements in IBD patients were collected at a single center. Gender, age, body weight, location and behaviour of disease, dose, immunomodulators, albumin, CRP were collected. IFX concentrations and ATI were measured using an ELISA and antigen binding test from Sanquin laboratories. PK and ATI were analysed simultaneously by nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Results 997 IFX concentrations and 756 ATI measurements from 332 IBD patients (253 Crohn's disease, 79 ulcerative colitis) were included. 80% of patients received IFX as the first anti-TNF agent, 43% received concomitant immunomodulation. The mean IFX dose was 5.2 mg/ kg. ATIs were detected in 75/332 (23%) patients; ATI titers higher than 30 AU/mL were associated with undetectable IFX concentrations. PK characteristics were similar for both IBDs. Clearance was affected over each range by: body weight (40-149 kg) from 0.27 to 0.53 L/Day, albumin (2-5.4 g/dL) from 0.93 to 0.24 L/Day and the presence of ATIs (0-53000 AU/ ml) from 0.36 L/Day to 15.93 L/Day (P<0.001). Anti-TNF naive patients exhibited lower clearance than previously exposed patients.


The reactivity of the protonated and hydroxylated sphalerite (1 1 0) surface with xanthate was simulated using the density functional theory (DFT). The difference between the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the sphalerite surface and the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital of xanthate (  was used to compare the reaction capability of xanthate with fresh and functionalized surfaces. The Mulliken atomic charge analysis was used to provide an in-depth insight into the effects of –H+ and –OH- groups on the reactivity of Zn atoms at the sphalerite surface. The  values for different systems showed that the protonated surfaces exposed a higher reactivity with xanthate than the fresh and hydroxylated surfaces. The results of the Mulliken atomic charge analysis demonstrated that after the formation of –H+ and –OH- contained groups on the sphalerite surface, the surface atoms found a new charge due to the reduction and oxidation mechanism. In addition, the results obtained revealed that the electrophilicity of Zn atoms after the ion adsorption could be considered as a key factor in the reactivity of the sphalerite surface with xanthate. The DFT-based calculations also showed that different alkyl groups of xanthate had no significant influence on the reactivity of their head groups. The findings of this research work provided insights into the reactions of the sphalerite surface with xanthate.


Ewing sarcoma (EWS) and osteosarcoma (OS) require multidisciplinary treatment. Care at specialized cancer centers (SCC: Children's Oncology Group affiliated and/or National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer center) has been found to improve outcomes in patients with leukemia, but studies have not considered location of care and outcomes in EWS and OS patients, an ideal group to evaluate given their specialized multidisciplinary treatment needs.


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Analyzing the abstractness gaming model,we can find that the encouragement subsidy institution and serving subsidy institution with additional condition are more useful.Put model in realistic condition to consider,the validity of subsidy institution gets some restriction:financial pressure and government malfunction,calculation difficult,different reaction by different owners.So,the deviation of public policy affection produces.The subsidy institution can be well done only when input subsidy pattern can be chosen,the subsidy institution efficiently reduces agency person to seek rent opportunity,serving subsidy institution is used to family managements while encouragement subsidy institution has been used to the encouragement of enterprises and the cooperative association.


Mobile underwater cameras, diver-operated or on underwater vehicles, have become popular for monitoring fisheries. Replacing divers with cameras has clear advantages, such as creating permanent records and accessing waters unavailable to divers. The use of cameras, however, typically produces large quantities of video that are time-consuming to process manually. Automated analysis of underwater videos from stationary cameras using deep learning techniques has advanced considerably in recent years, but the use of mobile cameras potentially raises new challenges for existing methods. We tested how well three automation procedures for stationary underwater cameras, taking an object-centric rather than background-centric approach, performed on surveys of fish using a mobile camera. We analyzed underwear drone videos from reef and seagrass habitat to detect and count two marine fisheries species, luderick (Girella tricuspidata) and yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis). Three convolutional neural network (CNN) frameworks were compared: Detectron Faster R-CNN, Detectron2 Faster R-CNN (using a Regional Proposal Network, RPN), and YOLOv5 (a single-stage detector, SSD). Models performed well overall. Per frame, overall F1 scores ranged 81.4 - 87.3%, precision 88.2 – 96.0%, and recall 73.2 - 88.2%. For quantifying MaxN per video, overall F1 ranged 85.9 – 91.4%, precision 81.9 – 95.3%, and recall 87.1 – 91.1%. For luderick, F1 was > 80% for all frameworks per frame and 89% or higher for MaxN. For yellowfin bream, F1 scores were lower (35.0 - 73.8% for frames, 43.4 - 73.0% for MaxN). Detectron2 performed poorly, and YOLOv5 and Detectron performed similarly with advantages depending on metrics and species. For these two frameworks, performance was as good as in videos from stationary cameras. Our findings show that object detection technology is very useful for extracting fish data from mobile underwater cameras for the system tested here. There is a need now to test performance over a wider range of environments to produce generalizable models. The key steps required area to test and enhance performance: 1. for suites of species in the same habitats with different water clarity, 2. in other coastal environments, 3. trialing cameras moving at different speeds, and 4. using different frame-rates.


The magnetic properties of hydroxy Ni-mica intercalation complexes in which Ni forms two-dimensional lattices between mica layers have been investigated. The concentration of Ni was varied up to 21 wt%. The magnetic moment per Ni was evaluated from the Curie constants to be between 2 and 3 µB (dependent on the Ni content). Paramagnetic Curie temperatures obtained by the temperature dependence of the initial susceptibility are about 7-13 K for all the samples, while an apparent ferromagnetism is defined only for a sample with 2.6 wt% Ni by Arrott plots. These magnetic properties were explained by the formation of a Ni triad in a two-dimensional lattice because of the chemical stability of [Ni3(OH)5H2O]+ as an intercalant, and by a coaguration of triads with increasing Ni content.


aUniversity of Ottawa Abstract Neurons are complex cells that require a lot of time and resources to model completely. In spiking neural networks (SNN) though, not all that complexity is required. Therefore simple, abstract models are often used. Thesemodels save time, use less computer resources, and are easier to understand. This tutorial presents two such models: Izhikevich's model, which is biologically realistic in the resulting spike trains but not in the parameters, and the Leaky Integrate and Fire (LIF) model which is not biologically realistic but does quickly and easily integrate input to produce spikes. Izhikevich's model is based on Hodgkin-Huxley's model but simplified such that it uses only two differentiation equations and four parameters to produce various realistic spike patterns. LIF is based on a standard electrical circuit and contains one equation. Either of these two models, or any of the many other models in literature can be used in a SNN. Choosing a neural model is an important task that depends on the goal of the research and the resources available. Once a model is chosen, network decisions such as connectivity, delay, and sparseness, need to be made. Understanding neural models and how they are incorporated into the network is the first step in creating a SNN.


This work is the result of a study undertaken aimed at providing an insight into the way individuals learn through their work in an organization. Twenty interviews were held with 20 managers, each lasting between 8 and 10 hours, in which a total of 282 learning stories were acquired. All those interviewed gave accounts of the learning potential that was acquired when they took on the role of teachers within their organization. Observation, listening and experimentation were the most common processes in facilitating learning during the course of teaching. The great learning potential inherent in teaching would appear to be generated as the result of a particular aspect of the teaching process itself: the encounter with diversity, which on the one hand tends to increase reflexivity while on the other hand tends to break down resistance to change. In this sense, the learning process that emerges during the course of teaching is of an intrinsically social nature, made possible by the investigation of an authentically symmetrical relationship between teacher and pupils in which all the interlocutors are able to contribute to a common goal. Teaching also proved to be an important opportunity for recognizing one's own ignorance and thereby rendering oneself open to the possibility of learning. The results of this study confirm certain evolutionary trends which are to be found in the current method of planning managerial training: the utilization of internal resources, the use of a dialogic style, the search for a link between work and training, and the use of small groups. The actual narration and exchange of learning stories also provided an opportunity for promoting the learning process in those interviewed.


The work of architect Gerrit Th. Rietveld (1888 – 1964) is appreciated throughout the world. Many of the well-known buildings he designed have survived to the present. Some have been restored or refurbished, depending on the condition of the building, current needs of the building users, etc. Rietveld himself had a very clear vision about lifestyle, simplicity, restraint and use of space and building materials. His architecture reflects his vision beautifully. Some of Rietveld's buildings are likely to be affected by developments in the near future. Here, I will discuss his Amsterdam College of Art, which has been restored, and his Arnhem College of Art, which has been refurbished. The restoration and refurbishment approaches with Rietveld's philosophy of a sustainable way of life, sustainability considerations at the time of the restoration or refurbishment, and the current view will be compared in this paper. The approaches used to deal with these two are colleges were quite different and illustrate changing attitudes and may act as a pointer for future projects. These aspects fit in the conference theme's of Building for Transformation. The De Ploeg factory in Bergeijk will be transformed in the near future and presents us with an opportunity to consider what options there are, bearing in mind Rietveld's philosophy. To what extent can we change a building like this and still consider it as a Rietveld design?


For a multi-rate sample system with different output sampling and input updating described by state-space model,a multi-rate single predictive control algorithm based on single predictive method is proposed,and the closed-loop system properties are analyzed.The sufficient and necessary conditions that make the multi-rate predictive control system stable are given in this paper,and we can conclude that the stability of the closed-loop system can be realized by adjusting the length of the prediction horizon.The simulation result shows the output of system can track set-point.fast with perfect stability.Therefore,the algorithm is effective.


The Norwegian return codes, used within an Internet voting project piloted in September 2011, intend to simultaneously achieve both receipt-freeness and individual verifiability. They are delivered as text messages with a code representing the value of a voter's cast ballot, but, according to the Norwegian Government, they would not breach the principle of secrecy, and they are not voting receipts, since the voter could always cancel the vote. However, some international electoral standards, like the Recommendations on E-voting from the Council of Europe, clearly forbid an Internet voting system that enables a "voter to be in possession of proof of the content of the vote cast." This paper analyzes the extent to which the Norwegian system complies with this standard and it concludes that there is no contradiction in using a teleological approach.


Two laser distance measuring functions are preformed on board of a ground-hugging cruise missile by at least one laser distance meter for taking downwardly di rected altitude measurements and diagonally or slant edly forwardly directed distance measurements for producing corrected altitude signals for use in control ling the flight of the missile. Both types of measure ments can be made by one laser distance meter that is tiltable in the required direction or two laser units are provided. The correction provides a clear recognition of artificial fog by evaluating both types of measured values in an intelligent signal processing unit which compares the intensities of the measured values from the same ground locations, determines the extinction coefficient of the fog and takes the angular distribution of the back-scattering intensity of the laser beams into consideration for correcting the altimeter readings.


This thesis is elaborated in the form of educational material on the subject of forensic technologies and systems. The Work is divided into two parts. In the fisr, theoretical part, I deal with the identification of motor vehicles, primary and secondary vehicle identification signs. Then I deal with security marking of glass and expert activities in the metallugical expertise. In the second , practical part, I analysis and comparing identification signs in ten different vehicles


This article describes and explains the necessity of further development of engineering education at the Faculty of Economics and Management of Ural Federal University, corresponding to the urgent need for specialists, who can actively promote the processes of modernization of domestic producing on an innovative base.


ABSTRACT Agricultural and silvicultural biomass burning is practiced in many undeveloped portions of the Amazon basin. In Rondônia, Brazil, such burning is restricted to a brief period in the dry season of August and September to minimize the duration of air quality impacts and to attempt to control escaped fires. During this period, much of the region and the communities within it experience significant exposure to smoke from agricultural and forest fires. In cooperation with Brazilian scientists of the University of Brasilia, the Brazilian Organization for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), and the Alternative to Slash and Burn Program coordinated by the International Center for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF), ambient air quality was measured in Theobroma, a small town in Rondônia, during one week of the open burning period of 1995 to supplement available air quality data and to foster public awareness of the impacts of widespread fires.


The paper described the requirements and existing problems of the belt conveyor control system in underground mine. A distributed intelligent control system based on CAN bus technology was designed. In this system, fuzzy control technology is applied successfully in automatic soft starting and motor's power balance of belt conveyor, which can improve the automation level and control performance of belt conveyor.


A new light-active azo-containing surfactant was synthesized and characterized by introducing the photoresponsive azobenzene into the surfactant,anionic sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulphossuccinate(azo-AOT).Its UV-vis spectra under the irradiation of UV and visible light was investigated,the results indicated that the reversible trans-cis photoisomerization of achieved compound was easily controlled by light irradiation.


Zinc Complexes of Amino Acids and Peptides, 2[1]. – Coordination of Simple Histidine Derivatives to Zinc

The bis(L-histidine)ZnCl2 complex 1 is likely to have tetrahedral ZnN2Cl2 coordination. For the compound (L-histidine)-ZnCl2 · HCl (2) a structure determination has revealed a tetrahedral ZnOCl3 coordination. Of the C-protected histidine derivatives His-OMe and His-NH2 and zinc salts of non-coordinating anions the complexes (His-OMe)2ZnX2 (3) and (His-NH2)2Zn(ClO4)2 (4) were obtained. A structure determination of (His-OMe)2Zn(BPh4)2 · H2O has revealed a ZnN4 coordination with chelating histidine units. Of the N-protected histidine derivative Nα-acetylhistidine the complexes (Ac-His)ZnX · H2O (5, X = ClO4, BF4) have been isolated which are coordination polymers in the solid state. From pH-dependent 13C-NMR studies it is concluced that in solution the imidazole N and carboxyl O are coordinated to zinc in (Ac-His)Zn and (Ac-His)2Zn units. The doubly protected histidine derivative Bz-His-OMe acts as a monodentate ligand forming the tetrahedral complexes (Bz-His-OMe)4Zn(ClO4)2 (6) and [(Bz-His-OMe)2Zn(2,9-dimethyl-o-phenanthroline)](ClO4)2 (7).


The present invention relates to a method for producing a cemented carbide body, comprising: at least a portion of the billet surface comprises one or more hard component and a binder phase of WC-based starting material, to provide (1) a grain refiner and carbon and / or nitrogen in the grain refiner compound, and (2) particle growth promoting agent, and then sintering the compact. The present invention further relates to a cemented carbide body comprises a WC-based hard phase and a binder phase, wherein at least a portion of the central surface area greater than the depth having a lower average binder content of the body portion, and an upper surface region at least a portion of said central surface region than in average a larger average WC grain size. The cemented carbide body is a cutting tool insert for metal machining may be, for cold forming tool or mining tool insert.


In a recent article in The New Yorker, Nicholson Baker laments the demise of the paper card catalogue as a 'paroxysm of shortsightedness and anti‐intellectualism' on the part of over‐zealous librarians, wrecking destruction 'in a class with the burning of the library at Alexandria.' Baker's poignant plea on behalf of the venerable catalogue fails to acknowledge or even mention the numerous benefits and advantages gained by libraries with online catalogues. In this article, Brian Helstien responds to Baker's piece focusing on four issues not discussed by Baker — authority control, collection preservation, collection access and collection costs. Vastly improved authority control is a major benefit of library automation, allowing library staff members to create and maintain large bibliographic databases efficiently and effectively, with more ease and accuracy than was possible with paper catalogues. Technology and automation are providing essential methods to fighting the ongoing deterioration of acidic collections and preserving the very scholarly materials indexed in catalogues. Without such technology, libraries (and scholars) can expect to lose large parts of their collections over relatively short periods of time. Rising collection costs faced by libraries is another issue not addressed by Baker. The use of technology such as online catalogues by libraries is one way libraries are fighting the rising costs of acquiring materials and providing access to these materials; without the technology, libraries and the scholars that use them will acquire fewer materials at a higher cost. Baker's viewpoint evokes nostalgia, but ultimately fails to recognise the real issues faced by libraries of today.


This paper is a survey of the techniques used to take into account the influence of situation in Natural Language (NL) systems. A model of the influence of situation on language use will provide a coherent interaction between a program and its users. We propose a classification in three types of the characteristics of situation according to the way they affect language use : linguistic, semantic and pragmatic, and we study the different techniques developed for each of them. We also contrast these techniques to linguistic theories dealing with the issue. Table of