The carbon isotopic composition of mollusc shell carbonate has been used as a general environmental indicator in numerous studies, but relatively little is known of the factors which affect within-shell variation. Primary control of delta/sup 13/C values in shell carbonate comes from the dissolved bicarbonate source, particularly as related to marine versus fresh water. Present models explain cyclic variations in the delta/sup 13/C profiles of mollusc shells due to upwelling, phytoplankton productivity and stratification, disequilibrium with rapid shell growth, and infaunal versus epifaunal habitat. Carbon and oxygen isotopic profiles in this study were obtained from specimens of Spisula solidissima (surf clam) and Placopecten magellanicus (sea scallop) collected alive from 14 to 57 m water depths off the Virginia coast. Three main factors appear to affect the delta/sup 13/C profiles in these specimens. Isotopically light values commonly associated with the spring and occasionally the fall correspond with seasonal phytoplankton productivity. A significant negative delta/sup 13/C offset of the infaunal Spisula relative to the epifaunal Placopecten probably relates to the inclusion of isotopically more negative pore-water bicarbonate by Spisula. Additionally, occasional transient spikes in both the delta/sup 18/O and delta/sup 13/C profiles correspond to intrusion of reduced-salinity water.


This paper describes various time-domain methods useful for analyzing the experimental data obtained from a circular cylinder force in terms of both wave and current for estimation of the drag and inertia coefficients applicable to the Morison's equation. An additional approach, weighted least squares method is also introduced. A set of data obtained from experiments on heavily roughened circular cylinders in waves and simulated current has been analyzed by all these techniques. The resulting force coefficients are then used to predict the force from separate experiments-results that have not been used in the analysis. The root mean squares error and bias in the estimation of maximum force in each wave cycle is used as a measure of predictive accuracy and as a basis for comparing the analysis techniques. It is found that no single method is consistently better under all circumstances but on average weighted least squares method generally gives the best predictive accuracy by a small margin. The force coefficients obtained by the various methods significantly decrease when current is added to waves.


The awareness of the importance of preserving the film heritage and developing a national cinematographic culture in some Latin American countries should be understood in relation to the need for the nascent film archives to belong to a wider network of exchange than that drawn by national borders. This article focuses on the most important integration projects that took place in the region, where two periods can be historically distinguished: first following the establishment of the Latin American Section of FIAF (1955) and then following the creation, in 1965, of the Union of Latin American Cinematheques (UCAL).


Rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydroacylation of 4,6-dienals was investigated. Hydroacylation of 4,6-dienals with a substituent at the C7 position produced cycloheptenone derivatives as the major products, while the cyclization of 4,6-dienals with no substituent at the terminus of the diene moiety preferentially gave cyclopentanone derivatives. The olefinic geometry of the diene moiety in 4,6-di-enals also affected the reaction course, and the cyclization of substrates with an E-olefin at the C6 position produced cycloheptenone derivatives as the major products, while a cyclopentanone derivative was obtained from a substrate with a Z-olefin at the C6 position.


The definition of the generalized antipotential four-vector makes it possible to give a relativistically covariant variational formulation in the dynamics of ideal charged fluids. A special relativistically covariant form of Maxwell's equation is given. The antipotential four-vector does not explicitly appear in the Lagrangian density. The derivation of the equation of motion of a single charged particle is given, to illustrate the theory.


A feeding trial was carried out over 7 weeks to determine the effect of mixed feeding schedules on the growth performance of Channa striata fry (initial weight 0.58-0.95 g). The fry were fed three control diets of low (30%; A), intermediate (35%; B) and high (40%; C) protein levels and three mixed feeding schedules of 1 day of low followed by 1 day of high protein diet (1A/lC), 1 day of low and 2 days of high protein diet (IN2C) and 2 days of low followed by 2 days of high protein diet (2A/2C). The highest specific growth rate was obtained for fry maintained on Diet B with the mixed feeding schedule of 1N1C ranking third after Diet A. The feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention values were better for fry fed control diets only, but among the mixed feeding schedules, schedule IA/2C performed best. The overall ranking was highest for Diet B with the mixed feeding schedule of 1A/2C ranking third. A 13.9% protein saving relative to Diet B was obtained for feeding schedule IA/2C.


Background Apathy is a highly challenging factor in the general treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and can present a major burden for caregivers. The objective of this study to answer the question of what is known about the current evidence-based pharmacological treatment of apathy, not combined with comorbid depression or dementia, in PD. Methods We searched for publications in online databases (PubMed, Embase.com, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL and PsycInfo/Ebsco) and performed a review of the literature. Included trials were based on patients with PD, with a drug intervention and apathy as an outcome measurement. Patients with comorbid dementia, severe depression, or patients after deep brain stimulation were excluded. Results Out of 1767 articles, we included 10 articles with a total of 723 patients who received intervention and 311 patients who received placebo, standard care or were healthy controls. Combining the results of the studies with a focus on favourable significant outcomes and the risk of bias, we would advise rivastigmine as a treatment of apathy in patients with PD, and pramipexole or selegiline in PD patients with apathy without cognitive disturbance. An important limitation of this study is that the included studies show a broad heterogeneity. Conclusions Research is sparse on the topic of evidence-based pharmacological treatment for apathy in PD. Combining the results of the studies with a focus on favourable significant outcomes and the risk of bias, we would advise rivastigmine as a treatment of apathy in patients with PD, and pramipexole or selegiline in PD patients with apathy without cognitive disturbance.


In the early 1990s, creative writing programs in Australia were 'thrust' into the university domain by the Dawkins amalgamations. Prior to that, there was no established national focus: no national peak body, no discipline-based research agenda, no political or academic networking, and no statistical analysis to portray the nature of the activity advancing apace on isolated campuses. Compared with the visual and performing arts disciplines, creative writing programs were unorganised and separatist, but they were aware of their potential for the future. This article reviews advances made by Australian university creative writing programs to date and considers some aspects of the situation after 2000 related to teaching and research.


The national standardized school summative examination (USBN) is the test for measuring student competency achievement, it is constructed by Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) about 25% and MGMP Province 75%. However, in improving the quality of the test, it is addition the cognitive dimention of High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) as the standard. The purpose of this study is to prove the quality of the test in terms of item analysis, distribution of hots and consistency of the test. This study was conducted by analyzing the national standardized school summative examination (USBN) 2019 items, answer sheet, key answer and syllabus.The data was collected from archieves in one of Senior High School. The result shows that the item analysis of the test is valid and reliable, the level of difficulty is not balanced, the discriminating power is sufficient, and the effectiveness of distractor is mostly need revision. Moreover, the distribution of hots has pass the limit and the test consistency is satisfactory in criteria of a good test


PURPOSE: A medicinal herb composition having effect of suppressing side effect of anticancer drug is provided to maintain efficiency of anticancer drug and to improve blood circulation. CONSTITUTION: A medicinal herb composition for relieving side effects of anticancer drug contains mixture extract of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza as active ingredient. The side effects of the anticancer drug are erythrocytopenia, leukocytopenia or hemopoiesis disorder. The mixture extract is hot water extract of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza. The composition contains 0.001-10 weight% of extract.


SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT In insurance practice, premiums are fixed according to well-known established principles, and depend on some parameters of the total claims distribution. This practice assumes that the claims process is known and does not change with time. In this paper, principles of dynamic programming are applied to obtain adaptive premium control policies under very relaxed assumptions on the distribution of the total amount of claims. A Markov control model is proposed to describe the corresponding risk process. Simulation of several different types of Markov processes shows that the proposed Markov control model works well.


Teil 5 and 7 of al-Safadi's biographical lexicon were recently reviewed shortly in this journal {BSOAS, xxxv, 2, 1972, 427-8). It is now my pleasant duty to comment briefly on Teil 6 and 8. Teil 6, edited by Sven Dedering, deals with the remainder of the biographical notices under the name Ibrahim and with the notices on Ahmad up to Ahmad b. TQlun. Besides the biographical entries it contains an index of these entries, a list of the MSS, and a list of the Arabic sources used in preparing the edition. The other part, edited by Muhammad Yusuf Najm (Teil 8), gives the biographies from Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Marzuqi up to Ishaq al-Andalusiyyah Jariyat al-Mutawakkil. This part is also provided with an index of the biographical notices and of Arabic sources. This is a most useful biographical lexicon, and the completion of this series presented in a clear and scholarly edition is eagerly anticipated. T. M. JOHNSTONE


We present a systematic design procedure to Chua's chaotic system based on back-stepping procedure. This approach needs only a transformation to realize. Combining the backstepping method with robust control technology, an adaptive parameter control law is developed and thus the output tracking is successfully accomplished for the system with unknown parameters and dynamic uncertainties. It is proved that the derived robust adaptive controller based on Lyapunov stability theory can guarantee that all states of the closed-loop system are globally uniformly.. ultimately bounded, and lead the system tracking error to a small neighborhood. Finally simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Based on a Biot-type formulation of the wave equation we have obtained velocities and attenuation of shaley sandstones with partial saturation. In the limiting case for a pure sandstone the model reproduces the main features of published data on vetocity and attenuation versus saturation.


In this paper, we present a fingerprint positioning technique based on differential received signal strength (DRSS).By using DRSS fingerprints, the problem of degraded accuracy caused by heterogeneous devices in indoor WLAN localization. The robustness of DRSS fingerprints is proved, both theoretically and practically, to be better than that of RSS, thus the applicability as well as accuracy is improved in a WLAN indoor localization system with various devices.


Software implementation errors are one of the most significant contributors to software vulnerabilities, making soft- ware testing an essential part of system assurance.This publication provides a customized course material for learning the basics of a software testing.It introduces the key concepts, methods, test techniques, test phases, test types, test cycle and software test- ing process.


While benthic, filamentous cyanobacteria can be common on coral reefs, the factors influencing their distribution are poorly understood. Cyanobacterial blooms, like macroalgal blooms, may result from a combination of coastal eutrophication and reduced herbivory. Because benthic cyanobacteria are unpalatable to generalist herbivores, there may be little top-down control of cyanobacterial abundance. Since bottom-up factors may exert more influence on cyanobacterial populations, we hypothesized that high cyanobacterial abundance may be an indicator of high nutrient availability. In addition, cyanobacteria may compete with macroalgae for light and nutrients. Thus, we also hypothesized that cyanobacterial abundance may be negatively associated with macroalgal abundance. Since many strains of cyanobacteria wash ashore during periods of high wave action, we hypothesized that cyanobacterial abundance is negatively associated with wave height. We monitored cyanobacterial abundance, macroalgal abundance, nitrogen availability, phosphorus availability, salinity, and water temperature at nine reef flat locations around Guam. Average wave height for eastern and western shores, rainfall, minutes of sunshine, and wind speed were also monitored. Stepwise regression was used to determine which variable or combination of variables best explained variation in cyanobacterial abundance. Although nutrient availability was not significantly associated with cyanobacterial abundance, a positive association with macroalgal abundance explained 11.5% of the observed variation in total cyanobacterial abundance. At one site, negative relationships with macroalgal abundance and wave height explained 79.4% of the observed variation in the abundance ofthe cyanobacterium Oscillatoria margaritifera. Variation in cyanobacterial abundance can be best explained by examining individual strains of cyanobacteria, rather than by treating all cyanobacteria as a single ecological unit. Physical disturbance can be a more important influence on cyanobacterial abundance and distribution than either nutrient availability or interactions with macroalgae.


Can limits to arbitrage explain historical asset price reversals? During the "British Bicycle Mania" of 1896-1898, cycle share prices rose by 200 per cent before falling 76 per cent from their peak value. This paper argues that arbitrage during this episode was limited by the risk of being cornered after short selling shares. Three corners in cycle company shares occurred during the "mania", two of which resulted in substantial losses for short-sellers. The first corner corresponded with a structural break in cycle share prices, and crosssectional analysis reveals that companies for which cornering risk was greater experienced more pronounced mispricing.


With the development of educational reform, the flipped class is embracing increasing attention and more researches arebeing done on it. Based on the analysis of current state in vocational college English teaching, this thesis explores to establish apractical teaching model of the flipped class for vocational college English teaching with the application of several tools and certainsoftware.


Sea ice is a key climate factor and it restricts considerably the winter navigation in severe seasons on the Baltic Sea. So determining ice conditions severity and describing ice cover behavior at severe seasons are necessary. The ice seasons severity degree is studied at the years 1982 to 2016.  A new integrative characteristic named the weighted ice days number of the season is introduced to determine the ice season severity. The ice concentration data on the Baltic Sea published in the European Copernicus Programme are used to calculate the maximal ice extent and the weighted ice days number of the seasons. Both the ice season severity characteristics are used to classify the winters with respect of severity. The ice seasons 1981/82, 1984/85, 1985/86, 1986/87, 1995/96 and 2002/03 are classified as severe by the weighted ice days number. Only three seasons of this list are severe by both the criteria. We interpret this coincidence as the evidence of enough-during extensive ice cover in these three seasons. In the winter 2010/11 ice cover extended widely for some time, but did not last longer. At 2002/03  and a few other ice seasons the Baltic Sea was ice-covered in moderate extent, but the ice cover stayed long time. For 11 winters (32 % of the period) the relational weighted ice days number differs considerably (> 10 %) from the relational maximal ice extent. These winters yield one third of the studied ice seasons.  Statistically every 6th winter is severe by the weighted ice days number whereas only statistically every 8th winter is severe by the maximal ice extent on the Baltic. Hence there are more intrinsically severe seasons than the maximal ice extent gives. The maximal ice extent fails to account with the ice cover durability. The weighted ice days number enables to describe the ice cover behavior more representatively. Using the weighted ice days number adds the temporal dimension to the ice season severity study.


Data and information quality (DIQ) have been defined traditionally in an organizational context and with respect to traditional information systems (IS) as, for example, "fitness for use" of data or "intrinsic" DIQ. Numerous frameworks have been developed that operationalize traditional DIQ accordingly. However, over the last decade, social IS such as social media have emerged that enable social interaction and open collaboration of voluntary prosumers, rather than simply supporting specific tasks as do traditional IS in organizations. After reviewing the current definitions of DIQ, we conclude that these definitions do not capture DIQ in social IS well, nor how it is defined, maintained, and improved through social interaction. Hence, we propose a new definition of DIQ in social IS based on the notion of "matching" between dynamic, voluntary, and heterogeneous supply and demand of data/information. We illustrate our definition with an ontological framework and discuss its implications.


We argue that the notion of entanglement in de Sitter space arises naturally from the non-trivial Lorentzian geometry of the spacetime manifold, which consists of two disconnected boundaries and a causally disconnected interior. In four bulk dimensions, we propose an holographic description of an inertial observer in terms of a thermofield double state in the tensor product of the two boundaries Hilbert spaces, whereby the Gibbons–Hawking formula arises as the holographic entanglement entropy between the past and future conformal infinities. When considering the bulk entanglement between the two causally disconnected Rindler wedges, we show that the corresponding entanglement entropy is given by one quarter of the area of the pair of codimension two minimal surfaces that define the set of fixed points of the dS orbifold.


The purpose of this paper is to examine Internet adoption at a time of increasing change for the Cuban marketplace. As the Cuban economy begins to open to new business formats one key driver of economic growth will be access to communications networks. This paper explores the penetration of Internet connectivity in Cuba as relations with the United States thaw. The theories of diffusion of innovations, cultural dimensions of adoption and market and political realities are employed to better understand the pace of Internet adoption as the Cuban economy continues to develop.


ABSTRACT Physically based hydrological models such as the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are increasingly used for hydrological assessments because of their state-of-the-art representation of physical processes and versatility. Generating parameter sets for a larger variety of land cover types may be an appropriate approach to simplify setting up JULES for operating simulations beyond the default parameterizations. Here we explore the possibilities of this approach using a case study in the tropical Andes. First, we evaluate to what extent the standard JULES land cover configurations can simulate the hydrological response of dominant soil and land cover types of the region. Next, we adjust the soil water retention parameters on a regional basis using experimental soil data from representative sites. We find that the adjusted parameters result in substantial alteration for the flow partition. Such parameterizations may increase the configurations to implement JULES for a larger variety of land cover types and assess soil disturbance's potential impact more precisely.


ConclusionsThe fundamental ideas upon which the bootstrap is based were developed in this paper. The bootstrap is an experimental statistical technique, capable of performing statistical analyses on data that are non-Gaussian and on measures of the data that are not Gaussian or Gaussian-related. A simple numerical example was used to demonstrate some elementary bootstrap operations, and an example that used experimentally obtained data demonstrated some elementary, yet practical, statistical analyses.


Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of the hydrothermal reaction product of cobalt (II) ion and the mono-carboxylic acid, trans -cinnamic acid, (cina) are described. The 2-D coordination polymer, [Co(cina) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n , consists of square-grid layers with O-C-O bridging the cobalt atoms sandwich by m CHCHC 6 H 5 in the galleries. The temperature dependence of the magnetic moment revealed a lowering at low temperatures due to the presence of spin orbit coupling. cobalt cinnamic acid hydrothermal layered


In this work the science activities of the TanDEM-X satellite mission are presented and an update on the proposal submission and planed announcement of opportunities are given.


This report is an account of offshore radioactive material activities and was prepared to provide information about their safe use in the marine environments beyond California's jurisdiction. The report supplies the essential information called for and (a) identifies licensees with radioactive nuclide utilization programs, (b) describes the licensees' work stations, (c) identifies and/or describes radionuclide, quantities and their applications, and (d) describes the radiation safety concerns and existing methods for their resolution. Finally, three offshore sites were inspected in a typical compliance manner and the findings reported. Enclosed photographs of the work stations, during source and equipment use, illustrate conditions and the licensees' operations. It is concluded from observations during onsite visits to these unusual work environments, that periodic onsite compliance inspections are necessary to assure radiation protection for all concerned.


Hydroponics is a technique of cultivating plants (Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers) by utilizing water and not using soil as a plant medium. Types of hydroponic plants will produce types of plants that are free from pests and diseases. Growing plants with a hydroponic system is an environmentally friendly method because in its cultivation there is no need to use pesticides or even toxic hebicides. Vegetables grown with a hydroponic system are vegetables that will be fresher and free of pesticides. When compared to ordinary vegetables grown with soil media, the nutritional content of hydroponic vegetables will be better maintained and the taste is sweeter and crunchier. This hydroponic vegetable was developed by sowing the seeds in a planting medium called rockwoll that was moistened with water, then after the seeds germinated in a week, the vegetables were transferred to a hydroponic pipe that was filled with water and nutrients.  This  business  was  carried  out  at  Pondok  Sarai  Permata  Housing,  Lubuk  Buaya, Padang.  After  harvesting,  the  vegetables  will  be  taken  from  the  netpot,  cleaned  and  then marketed. The target customers of this business are meatball swordsmen, chicken noodle traders, hospitals, mini markets, hotels, and official offices in the Padang area. In addition, this business is  also  marketed  in  hospitals  because  hospitals  need  healthy  foods  such  as  hydroponic vegetables. To maximize so that customers can know our products. We will advertise on several existing social media, such as: Whatsapp, Facebook, and Instagram, and we will also promote it directly to our target customers. In addition, our Hydroponic business also cooperates with Hydroponic business partners in West Sumatra.


S um mary Small, tissue-equivalent ionization chambers with high-pressure gas filling are described. Their calibration with a calorimeter is discussed, and the advantages of comparisons with Monte Carlo calculations of absorbed dose and with a biological dosimeter are examined.


Calcium Barium tartrate single crystals were grown in silica gel at ambient temperature. Effect of various parameters like gel pH, and gel aging, gel density and concentration of reactants on the growth of these crystals were studies. Crystals having different morphologies and habits were obtained. Whitish semitransparent, pale yellow, rhombohedra shaped, needle shaped crystals of Calcium-Barium tartrate were obtained. Some of them were transparent diamond shaped, some are twined. The crystals grown were characterized by PL, SEM, and UV. XRD studies reveal that the crystal lattice of the Calcium Barium tartrate is orthorhombic and crystalline perfection of the crystals is extremely good. Photoluminescence spectrum shows Cyan, green, orange, and red emissions. SEM image showed plate like morphology and further plate like growth was observed on some plates.


In order to improve economic benefit,reduce the used amount of ethanol,ease the labor intensity and shorten the production cycle,the paper mainly changes the traditional process from fermentation,precipitation,pinch wash,hydrolysis,dividing, powder mixing and drying to fermentation,membrane separation,powder mixing and drying.The new process divides dextran polymers containing more relative molecular weight and non-polymers with different specifications of ceramic membrane to classify dextran according to different molecular weight distributions.Such dextran produced by the process can conform to the pharmacopoeia requirements and the process also uses less ethanol by 70%~80%than the traditional one,what's more,the by-product,fructose is easily to be recycled which can be used to ferment to produce ethanol and prevent producing high nutrition waste water.


Summary Significant incorporation of tritiated thymidine into cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of either the TT strain of psittacosis or the T'ang strain of trachoma could not be demonstrated by autoradiographic technics during any stage of their developmental cycles in the McCoy cell line.


A tri‐band microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with compact size and high selectivity is presented by using the stub‐loaded resonator (SLR) and quarter‐wavelength stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR). The quarter‐wavelength SIR is designed for the first and third passband and the SLR mainly controls second passband performance, so three passband frequencies can be flexibly tuned. Because of the intrinsic characteristics of the resonators and source‐load coupling, multiple transmission zeros can be created to improve the selectivity. Finally, a tri‐band BPF prototype located at 0.98 GHz (FRID application), 3.6 GHz (Wimax application), and 5.8 GHz (WLAN application) is designed. Measurement results agree well with the full‐wave EM simulated results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:212–215, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27247


This paper examines the evolution of flood and floodplain management in New South Wales, focussing on the growing range of management strategies employed and the increasing integration of the efforts of the numerous stakeholder parties. Specific emphasis is placed on the role of the State Emergency Service and its efforts in recent years to improve its own preparedness for flooding and that of flood prone communities generally.


The origin of Molar Tooth(MT)carbonates has been argued for more than 100 years, which are a kind of Proterozoic carbonates especially composed of microsparite with ptygmatically folded and sheet-like structures. Biomarkers detected in the microcalcsparite from the Wanlong and Xingmincun formations in the Jilin-Liaoning area showed there are abundant normal alkanes, isoprenoids, hopanes, steranes, alkylmethylcyclohexanes, and alkylcyclohexanes, indicating a diversity of biological source: long-chain isoprenoids, the major components of chlorophyll, such as C-19, C-20, a kind of major biomarkers synthesized early by isoprenoid monomers; hopanes a type of characteristic biomarkers from prokaryote, such as archaebacteria and cyanobacteria; sterane a biomarker for eukaryote; and two kinds of alkanes with C-17, C-18 as the main peaks representing aquatic bacteria and with C-23, C-24 as the main peaks representing fungi, respectively. Biomarker analysis showed that MT is the result of bacterial and algal activities, which is a kind of organisms between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, reproducing well in normal or slightly saline sea water under weak oxidation-reduction conditions, resulting in rapid deposition of calcite as microsparite due to some mechanisms.


Internet banking becomes the important modes of payment as world is moving towards a cashless society. It gives convenience and advantages to both financial institutions and banking customers. The provider of internet banking has increase and the awareness level is high but it is not translated into the actual usage of Internet banking. The previous research revealed that bank customers have different attitudes towards Internet banking. There is limited research conducted on Internet banking adoption by individual in Kelantan. This research intends to identify the level of adoption of internet banking and to recognize the factors that influence the adoption of Internet banking among banks account holders in Kelantan.


Localised heating within a solar cell gives rise to hotspot formation, which further leads to module damage and system degradation. It has been observed that even for healthy PV modules, uneven dust depositions can lead to mis-match in the output characteristics, resulting into hotspots with as high as 200% higher temperatures. More often than not these hotspots go unnoticed due to small changes in the module's current-voltage characteristics: which makes thermal imaging a very crucial part of the PV module health monitoring and fault diagnostic. To understand the effect of hotspots on the module output performance: a detailed model encompassing non-uniform temperature distribution across series connected PV cells is presented and is seen to give high accuracy with respect to the experimental measurements as compared to the average temperature and the standard conditions based output prediction.


Case carburized steel (En 353) when cryogenically treated showed tremendous improvement in wear resistance [1]. This is due to the microstructural changes such as conversion of retained austenite to martensite and precipitation of fine alloying carbides. The equivalent grades of En 353 are BS-815M17 and IS-15NiCr1Mo12. In an earlier research work on En 353 it was found that cryogenic treatment changes the residual stress [2]. This research article describes the dimensional stability of En 353 steel after Conventional Heat Treatment (CHT), Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT) and Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT). Coefficient of linear thermal expansion is very much used for design purpose and to determine failure by thermal stresses when a material is subjected to temperature variations. Thermomechanical analysis was carried out as per ASTM E 831 for studying the linear thermal expansion of En 353 [3].


Astract -A nanocrystalline (NC) fee FeZrz intermetallic compound was formed by completely crystallizing themelt-spun amorphous Fe33Zr67alloyribbons. The nanocrystallization kinetics and microstructures of the crystallized products were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray d@raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy. The NC fee FeZr2 samples were formed with grain sizes ranging from 11 to 24 nm, of which the microstrains were found to be extremely small ( G?>O.~ _< 0.05%). The lattice parameters of the NC fee FeZr2 were measured in different grain sized samples. Avrami exponents and activation energies of the nanocrystallization process were determined, indicating the transformation began with a 2-D surface crystallization process at the free side of the ribbon followed by 3-D grain growth.


The weather has a significant influence on yield fluctuations in Nepal, particularly for grains. This study examined the effect of seasonal precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures and extreme climatic variables on yield levels and variability of rice, maize and wheat yields. The authors applied a stochastic production function approach as suggested by Just-Pope for panel data at the district level. The estimation results indicated that climate trends in Nepal had a significant influence on crop yield levels and variances in various magnitudes and directions. The results showed an increase in precipitation negatively influenced maize yield levels and positively influenced wheat yield levels; however, a positive influence was found to reduce yield variability in rice and wheat. Similarly, an increase in maximum temperature apparently led to decreased maize and increased wheat yield levels, respectively, and also led to increased yield variability in rice and maize. Likewise, the minimum temperature was helpful to increase yield levels for all crops and to decrease the yield variability in rice and maize. Moreover, the extreme climates such as low precipitation and high maximum temperatures significantly influenced the reduction in yield levels of rice and maize, respectively that could be used to design an index insurance product for Nepal.


【The present study collected and analyzed the Korean's folk-belief related to Koran traditional costume culture which are handed down from ancestor and are known to present Korean society as of 1990's. The purpose of the present study is to understand emotion and the view of Korean people, and to understand the social roles of the costumes in Koran traditional society more deeply and more comprehensively. The study was conducted by document analysis and interview. The results of the study are summerized as follows: Folk-belief related to spinning(gilssam), sericultural industry and weaving are mostly enduced from the hope for god quality of work and acquisition of good skill of weaving. There has been also a belief hat gilssam has a magic power to easy delivery and fecundity. Most Folk-belief of taboo related to clothing constraction proposed to people pay great care while they are sawing. Some ways of management of clothing has been related to the manners of which are associated with the differentiation between high and low level and predominance of men over women that was originated fro m confucianism. Socks(busun) and shoes are also considered to have magic power to prevent from exorcism and demon of ill health. This study suggests that folk-belief give us the wisdom a guideline and lessons for better life, high quality arts and techniques which are handed down from ancestors. Therefore, folk-beliefs having a great value, non-shaped treasures of traditional culture heritage should be collected as many as possible, recorded, and preserved.】


In this paper we describe the architecture and design of a network-stressing tool developed to simulate and evaluate the HTTP requests and responses of hundreds of users. There are two major issues that have to be considered when designing and implementing such a simulation tool, the reliability evaluation and the user "friendly" environment. In our application we use a mechanism exploiting Intranet technology to stress the tested network and confirm the performance, proper operation and delay issues. We have also implemented an easy interaction with the user considering the creation of the scenarios and the presentation of the simulation results, pointing out the problems and the network's status. Finally, we examined through a number of experiments using different simulation scenarios the behavior of the Intranet by load balancing the simulated users.


Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be understood as a disorder of metabolism, characterized as chronic and multifactorial etiology, therefore, linked to other complications such as hyperglycemia, altered insulin excretion, resulting directly in the reduction or complete inhibition of glucose uptake through tissues (FAEDA, DE LEON, 2006). Objective: The general objective of this study was to describe how nursing care is provided to the patient with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in a family health strategy (ESF) in the city of Goianapolis-Go. Methodology: the qualitative type was developed for the development of the research, which was structured in the Municipality of Goianapolis, a city located in the interior of the state of Goias, where 5 nurses and 4 nursing technicians were interviewed (OLIVEIRA, 2002). The material was obtained through interviews with professionals, and the analysis was structured according to what was proposed by Minayo (2009). Results: Data analysis resulted in four categories, followed by its subcategories: Nursing Actions versus Patient Assistance with Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Education by the Nursing Team, Strategies to obtain adherence to treatment and reception by the Nursing team . Conclusion: The interview content showed that from the perspective of the interviewees, the educational actions to be put into practice were fundamentally linked to the follow-up of diets, adequate use and regulation of medications and regular measurements of the glycemic level. The participation of family members in the treatment of the individual has not yet been present as desirable, being this direct result of the lack in the education actions that integrate the family in the process. Even though there were not enough actions for family involvement in the treatment process, nursing professionals recognize the importance of these educational actions, since they make possible the science of risk factors and the extended permanence in the treatment of the disease.


The electromagnetic interference (EMI) of the inverter output, which is controlled through a sinusoidal pulse width modulation method, is mainly generated at the carrier frequency and its harmonics. The peaks of the interference can be reduced effectively by using carrier-frequency modulation (CFM). The spectrum of the output differential-mode voltage in a SPWM inverter with periodic CFM is analyzed theoretically in this paper. Through changing the maximum frequency deviation, periodic signal's frequency and waveform of CFM, the suppression effects of interference peaks are discussed. A new scheme, in which the carrier frequency is modulated twice, is presented. In this scheme, the frequencies and waveforms of periodic signals are optimized and selected under the condition of the same maximum frequency deviation, and the synthetic modulation signal which has the best suppression effect of the maximum interference peak is obtained. The feasibility and validity of the scheme are proved by simulation and experiment results in a single-phase inverter.


Platinum catalysts allow low temperature protonexchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells to obtain electricity from the combustion of hydrogen gas. But the Pt catalaysts are poisoned when they are contacted by carbon monoxide, a contaminant in hydrogen gas produced from fossil fuels. Typically, fuel cells employ the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction to avoid this problem by converting the CO to CO2. But removing the poisonous CO through the WGS reaction presents problems. First, the reaction is slow at temperatures (~500 K) where the equilibrium favors CO. Second, the WGS reaction requires large amounts of water, which makes the fuel cells too bulky to be used in portable systems. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering have recently developed a new approach that does not require the WGS reaction and can operate at room temperature. Their system uses a polyoxometalate (POM), such as H3PMo12O40, as an oxidant of CO and a storage site for electrons and protons. The POM is contacted with gold nanoparticles, which has the additional benefit that gold nanoparticles are known to catalyze CO oxidation in the presence of water. This new approach can be represented by the equation:


The effects of magnesium, copper, and zinc substitutions on spinel ferrites have been investigated by the sol-gel technique. Ferrite compositions of Mg0,25xCu0,25xZn(1−0,5x)Fe2O4 (where x = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 & 0.9) were prepared at a sintering temperature of 1100 ∘C with a presintering at 500 ∘C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-precision impedance analysis are used to characterize structural and dielectric properties, as well as the surface topography and morphology of the samples. A single phase, cubic spinel structure, with decreased lattice constant was observed. SEM micrographs revealed a homogeneous microstructure with uniform size distributions. Both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decrease, as the incident frequency increases up to a certain saturation point. The direct current (dc) resistivity profile shows that the resistivity increases with the temperature up to the Curie point, then it goes to a constant value. The quality factor (Q-factor) increases with the incident frequency. Hence, the high Q-factor will make ferrites highly useful in applications, especially in multilayer chip inductors.


Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the dominant hand anthropometric rational differences between adult elite volleyball players and sedentaries. METHOD: In this study, totally 100 subjects (mean age 23.9±3) participated and, they are separated as 25 male volleyball players, 25 female volleyball players, 25 male sedentaries and 25 female sedentaries, respectively. The objects of volleyball levels (elite or non elite) are evaluated by an individual questionnaire data form. Length, weight, hand length, hand width, metacarpal width, hand finger length, hand wrist circumference and hand wrist width are measured by anthropometer, stick, tape measure (international standards, millimetric) and the data are analyzed statistically with t-Test and Two-Way ANOVA. RESULT: With the measurements stated above meaningful differentials are found between volleyball players and sedentary related to length, weight, hand length, hand width, metacarpal width, hand finger length, hand wrist circumference and hand wrist width. CONCLUSION: Theoretically, it is assumed that elite sportsman and woman represents the most appropriate physical structure related to the sport branch performed. In this context, anthropometric measurements of sportsmen and women are at higher degree than sedentary. In this study, anthropometric hand measurements of volleyball players and sedentaries (related to gender variable) are found different. As a result, it is found that the meaningful difference related to anthropometric measurements of dominant hand result from the performed sport branch.


We tested on 2823 pig serum samples using the same reagent and methods used. When testing human serum HBV markers and obtained 56 samples with positive results. Among the 56 samples. We used 37 to test the Anti-HBS. HBeAg Anti-HBe, Anti-HBc, and 23 samples positive. THrongh cscl purified from positive serum. Virus particles similar to HBV were achieved. The proportion in 1.30, and molecular weight in 2.2×10~6. The virus is pig HBV like virus. When the virus in combined with Anti-HBS and Anti-HBc to reaction agargel diffusion, a sedlimentation line in formed. PCR with pig HBV like virus DNA obtained by reagent, metheds and PCR with human HBV DNA shows that "C" gene areas of the open frames of the two viruses consist of 300bp.


,In relation to population dynamics of hares, it is important to know the survival rate of adult hares. Information about this is still scarce, most likely due to the fact that hares of different year classes cannot be easily distinguished in the field. Therefore, to determine the survival rate, hares were marked with ear tags, which is very labour intensive. In order to read these marks, the investigator either has to rely on hares being recaptured, or on the recovery of dead marked animals being reported. In practice, captures as well as recoveries are concentrated in the non-productive period, i.e. the end of autumn and the beginning of winter. In this period the conditions in the fields of the countryside are most suitable for catching hares and it is also the hunting period. This implies that the survival rate can only be determined for the whole reproductive season. Up to now it appears to be impossible to quantify the mortality in the course of the reproductive season. We collected some data about the survival rate in Dutch hares from recoveries of tagged hares as well as by means of the ratio of first-year to older hares in the shooting bags during December. The results are compared with literature data from other European countries, which were obtained from different situations and by using different methods. These literature data will first be reviewed briefly. [465]


China's policy on atmospheric pollution is changeable in recent years. The single‐year estimated population exposure to air pollution is widely used in China where has the largest population and the heaviest fine particulate (PM2.5) pollution worldwide. However, the single‐year estimate introduces considerable uncertainty and loses consideration on multiyear cumulative exposure, thus may underestimate the burden of disease and mislead decisions regarding environmental conservation. We thus estimate the cumulative population exposure to PM2.5 pollution from 2000 to 2015. Areas with PM2.5 > 35 μg/m3 within China's territory increased from an average of 39% (2000–2005) to 42% (2006–2015), causing 471.6 million population at 58.8 × 104 km2 were exposed to 16 years' cumulative exposure to PM2.5 > 35 μg/m3. The migrant population contributed a major proportion of the increased population exposure, especially in East China's rapidly urbanizing areas. Cumulative population exposure to air pollution would provide a better understanding on the long‐term health risk and may suggest to a long, stable, and effective environmental protection regulation and policy should be carried out in China.


A newly developed method for washing membranes and the adhesive strength of mandarin orange juice fouling on reverse osmosis membranes were studied. When the permeation rate decreased, it was restored to more than 90% of its original value by a lateral surface flushing of highly accelerated mandarin orange juice driven by the expansion force of compressed gas. For runs of 4–5 hr duration with 10° Brix feed, the normal operating cycle was 45 min of reverse osmosis concentration followed by a 10-sec wash. Membranes treated at higher temperature have a more condensed surface from which deposits are easily removed. However, high axial flow rates, which are useful for preventing the fouling on the membrane, actually promote permanent fouling.


The author, a French Catholic who devoted himself largely to scholarly studies of the occult, lived from 1874 to 1929. A few weeks before his sudden death he published the book Musee des Sorcieres, Mages, et Alchemistes , now translated for the first time. Containing almost 400 illustrations, with descriptions and commentary woven into a smoothly reading text, this work studies the iconography of mysticism and the occult. The title enumerates the three major areas of discussion, but the terms are perhaps not too apt. The first section deals largely with the depiction of witches and demons, as well as sorcerers. The second section illustrates and describes certain doctrines which relate the microcosm and macrocosm. In this area astrology and the minor forms of divination form the principal topics. The Cabbala also receives some attention but without any systematic exposition. The final portion of the book discusses briefly the iconography of


An entirely new methodology for making the required pyranophthoquinones as illustrated by an efficient total synthesis of cryptosporin (1) via cycloaddition of isoquinolinium salt 2 with L-fucal 3 is reported. Natural cryptosporin must have the 2R,3R,4R configuration, enentiomeric to formula 1


Simulation-based tools are complex and obscure software. However, a company may benefit from using such tools, as they provide more precise and accurate information. Ericsson has developed a RAN si ...


Financial regret is said to occur when losses on self-insured perils exceed the premiums that would have been paid to insure those perils. Previous work has emphasized the relevance of the probability of regret to the self-insuring corporation and has provided sophisticated techniques for evaluating this quantity. This paper views the problem from the point of view of the risk manager whose performance may be evaluated, in part, on the basis of how often "financial regret" has occurred. The analogy between "financial regret" for a self-insuring entity and insolvency for an insurer is exploited to develop approximations to this probability and its sensitivity to the limits of coverage. Using these approximations requires a calculator and basic statistical tables. Simulations based on a distribution used to evaluate a sophisticated method of estimation indicate that the NP-2 approximation is accurate as well as simple.


Esther Ndungo works in the field of maternal-infant immunity against enteric pathogens. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper "Fc glycan-mediated regulation of placental antibody transfer" by Jennewein et al. (M. F. Jennewein, I. Goldfarb, S. Dolatshahi, C. Cosgrove, et al., Cell 178:202–215.e14, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.044) impressed upon her the value of thinking "outside the box" and looking to nature to guide her research. ABSTRACT Esther Ndungo works in the field of maternal-infant immunity against enteric pathogens. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper "Fc glycan-mediated regulation of placental antibody transfer" by Jennewein et al. (M. F. Jennewein, I. Goldfarb, S. Dolatshahi, C. Cosgrove, et al., Cell 178:202–215.e14, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.044) impressed upon her the value of thinking "outside the box" and looking to nature to guide her research.


The points in designing a one-parting surface die-casting die with edge gate for a shell part and the operating procedure were stated.Then a feasible casting and overflowing system was developed based on an analysis on the flowing of molten aluminum using Huazhu CAE software.The application will help to reduce the occurrence of defects in the castings and thus upgrade the quality of the products.


A 12-month longitudinal study was undertaken in Jamaica to examine the following: 1) the effect of current infant feeding practices on infant growth and the frequency of infections; and 2) the extent to which differences in feeding patterns could be attributed to the education the mothers had received at the University Hospital of the West Indies. 81 mothers who were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University Hospital of the West Indies gave birth to 82 infants between December 26, 1972 and January 15, 1973. The age range of the mothers was 15-44 years. Obstetric histories and information regarding the infants were obtained from the hospital notes. The mothers were interviewed in the hospital, usually within 24 hours of delivery. At 3 weeks postpartum, all but 1 of the mothers was visited at home. The mothers were asked to attend 10 clinics. At all visits or clinics the infants' method of feeding, infections, the family income and expenditure on food were recorded. Most mothers breast fed fully (65%) in the hospital, but by 3 weeks only 25% were still breast feeding fully. Partial breast feeding was not prolonged. At 5 months only 38% of the infants were still breast fed. More women aged 27 years or older tended to breast feed for 4 months or longer (69%) although they appeared less successful at complete breast feeding in hospital (41%) than younger women (77%). This decline in breast feeding occurred in a context of poverty in which the majority of the mothers' weekly income (88%) was spent on food. As the program to promote breast feeding could not be exactly defined, the relationship between the program and the infant feeding practices was unclear.


Objective To characterize the skin physiology function of patients with ache and to facilitate its treatment. Methods Sixty patients with acne (20 males and 40 females) and 60 healthy human controls (20 males and 40 females) were included into this study. The average age of patients and controls was 23.4 years and 25.1 years, respectively. Sebumeter was used to detect the sebum secretion in the following areas: forehead, nose, right and left cheeks, Cutometer(R) MPA580 to measure the skin elasticity, and Scalar Moisture Checker to test the skin hydration on right and left cheeks. Results A significant increase was observed in the level of sebum secretion in the T-zones (199.98±58.21 μg/cm2 vs 117.55±63.16 μg/cm2, t=7.34, P 0.05). Conclusion Facial sebum secretion is increased in patients with acne.

Key words:
Acne;  Skin;  Elasticity;  Water;  Sebum


Acetylator phenotype can be determined by measuring the ratio of the caffein metabolites 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) to 1-methylxanthine (1x) in urine from people after they have consumed a caffeine-containing beverage. Studies have shown AFMU to be unstable in vitro. We evaluated the stability of 1x and AFMU at the temperature and variety of physiological pHs present in the bladder


A geophysical survey was carried out in the Petrified Forest of Evros, the northernmost regional unit of Greece. This collection of petrified wood has an age of approximately 35 million years and it is the oldest in Greece (i.e. older than the well-known Petrified Forest of Lesvos island located in the North Aegean Sea and which is possibly the largest of the petrified forests worldwide). Protection, development and maintenance projects still need to be carried out at the area despite all fears regarding the forest's fate since many petrified logs remain exposed both in weather conditions – leading to erosion – and to the public. This survey was conducted as part of a more extensive framework regarding the development and protection of this natural monument. Geophysical surveying has been chosen as a non-destructive investigation method since the area of application is both a natural ecosystem and part of cultural heritage. Along with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys have been carried out for investigating possible locations of buried fossilized tree trunks. The geoelectrical sections derived from ERT data in combination with the GPR profiles provided a broad view of the subsurface. Two and three dimensional subsurface geophysical images of the surveyed area have been constructed, pointing out probable locations of petrified logs. Regarding ERT, petrified trunks have been detected as high resistive bodies, while lower resistivity values were more related to the surrounding geological materials. GPR surveying has also indicated buried petrified log locations. As these two geophysical methods are affected in different ways by the subsurface conditions, the combined use of both techniques enhanced our ability to


Wheat yellow dwarf is one of the important viral diseases in the world.The occurrence of wheat yellow dwarf disease has close connection with account of Schizaphis graminum and meteorological factor.Based on the long periods(2001-2010) monitoring of meteorological data and of the occurrence and prevalent tendency of wheat yellow dwarf in the primarily wheat production areas of northwest China,multifactor model of predicting the prevalence of wheat yellow dwarf was constructed after analysis with 23 predicted factors.The model's accuracy detected by regressive test with ten years data was 96.5%.Hence,it can be used for predicting and early warning of disease occurrence level of wheat yellow dwarf disease.


This paper considers the good employer from both an HRM perspective and a legal perspective emphasising the inter-relationship between HRM and the law. While the paper focuses on New Zealand's particular experience with a legislative conceptualisation of the good employer it also has a general application as the problems it addresses are applicable to employers generally, all of whom to a greater or lesser extent seek to project a "good employer" brand. The paper begins by considering the notion of a good employer first from an HRM and then a legal perspective and suggests that the theory of instrumental decentred regulation assists in explaining a relationship between the law and HRM: legal obligations imposed on employers have led to self-regulation through the development of HRM policies which in turn have helped the law develop its own concept of what constitutes a good employer. The paper concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of New Zealand's statutory model of the good employer. This paper was presented at the 16th ILERA World Congress as part of a Panel "The Good Employer - A Basic Building Block for Global Worker Rights." The other participants were Prof Ellen Dannin, Penn State, Associate Professor John Howell, University of Melbourne, Professor John Budd, University of Minnesota, and Professor Gregor Murray, Universite de Montreal. References to papers by those panel members can be found in the paper.


From four aspects of strengthening the displacement observation of the seamless lines, reducing the temperature stress of the seamless lines in the operation of mechanical screen-cleaning, increasing the lateral resistance of the roadbed, and strengthening the management of the high-temperature tracks, this paper expounds the stability and mechanical screen-cleaning of the seamless lines within the sections of mechanical screen-cleaning.


Abstract The muroid Cricetops Matthew and Granger, 1923 commonly occurred in the Oligocene terrestrial deposits in central and northern Asia. Here we report the first record of Cricetops in the southern part of Asia. Isolated rodent molars named as a new species, Cricetops auster sp. nov., were discovered from the early Oligocene sediments at the Lijiawa locality in Yunnan Province in southwestern China. Compared to previously known Cricetops, C. auster is smaller than Cricetops dormitor Matthew and Granger, 1923 and Cricetops aeneus Shevyreva, 1965, but larger than Cricetops minor Wang, 1987. The cusps of C. auster are less conical. The ridges and crests are longer, higher and thicker. Relatively long and high crests, ridges and arms extending from the main cusps in the new species make those cusps more crescent in appearance than in C. dormitor, C. aeneus and C. minor. C. auster is a rare species in the Lijiawa mammalian fauna. Well-developed shearing tooth crests and ridges of C. auster probably suggest a different diet from the Cricetops from the northern part of Asia.


As an outstanding character in modern China,Zhang Jian played an important role in the social vicissitude of the late Qing Dynasty.From industry to education and then to politics,he almost participated in the significant activities of the late Qing Dynasty.In all the big events that happened in his time,such as the Sino-Japanese War of 1894,1898 Reform Movement,"East and South Mutual Support",the late Qing Constitutional politics,the 1911 Revolution,the establishment of democratic republic politics,and the abdication of the Qing Emperor,he and the significant role he played were obviously noticed.Tracing the time,complying with the tidal current,Zhang Jian devoted himself to national independence,the country's prosperity,and social progress,and he was really a patriotic statesman of modern China.Zhang Jian's cause was marked by the vicissitude of the modern society and bore strong national features.Until now,his political concepts and practical activities still serve as model and enlightenment.


This paper aimed to analyse the association between small for size at birth, stunting, recovery from stunting and pubertal development in a rural Bangladeshi cohort.


Abstract : The purpose of this report is to develop a method to calculate the population density within the flight path and potential crash area of an unmanned aircraft. A method based on U.S. census data for the continental U.S. is described along with calculation methods and analysis of results.


Objective To evaluate the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Fas and Fas Ligand (FasL) in normothermic ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) induced apoptosis in rat myocardium treated or not treated with Z-VAD-fmk caspase inhibitor. Methods Rats were divided into three groups: group 1, sham operation; group 2, control, PBS administration; group 3, Z-VAD-fmk treatment. Z-VAD-fmk was injected intravenously 2 min before induction of ischemia. Immunohistochemical detection of apoptotic myocardium cells was carried out using the TUNEL method. Fas and FasL expressions were measured by qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at different times after reperfusion. Histopathological changes in myocardium were also observed. Results FasL and Fas mRNA expressions were increased in myocardium with ischemia-reperfusion, pre-treatment of rats with Z-VAD-fmk caspase inhibitor reduced myocardium apoptosis, and down-regulated Fas/FasL mRNA levels. Conclusion These results suggest that apoptosis and the pro-apoptotic molecule Fas/FasL system are involved in the process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.


The next generation light sources require development of the insertion devices with shorter periods and higher peak field values, well beyond the presently available designs limited by magnetic properties of conventional materials. Radiabeam Technologies is developing a novel ultra-high field short period undulator using two unconventional materials: praseodymium permanent magnets (PrFeB) and textured dysprosium (Tx Dy) ferromagnetic field concentrators. Both materials exhibit extraordinary magnetic properties at cryogenic temperatures, such as very large energy product and record high induction saturation, respectively. The proposed device combines PrFeB and Tx Dy in 3-D hybrid undulator geometry with sub-cm period and up to 3 Tesla pole tip field. Practical realization of these features will significantly surpass state-of-the-art and offer an ideal solution for the next generation of compact X-ray light sources. Textured Dy development status, along with initial simulations, and proof of concept prototype cryogenic measurements will be presented.


The especially the functioning of fluid catalytic cracking plant are considered. An effective mathematical model of catalytic plant for using in predictive control systems is represented. Controller based on control method of dynamic objects with the using of predictive models is created. Effectiveness of the approach is confirmed by the simulation results of the catalytic cracking process. The results are compared with the results of PID control


Abstract 3134 HLA-identical sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the best therapeutic option for high-risk hematological disease, but it is limited by lack of availability of a suitable donor for most candidate patients. At our institution our center, unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) was used as the first alternative option for patients who lack an HLA-matched related donor in the last decade. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of UCBT versus HLA-identical sibling HSCT for adult patients with hematologic malignancies. Between April 2000 and May 2012, 194 consecutive adult patients with malignant hematological diseases received UCBT (77 patients; median age 21y, r 14–46; male 49) and related bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and/or peripheral blood stem cells transplantation (PBSCT) (117 patients; median age 30y, r 14–53; male 75). Diagnoses in two groups (UCBT/Sibling) included de novo AML (n = 23/32), ALL (n = 30/26), CML (n = 17/47), MDS/AML (n = 3/8), mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) (n = 3/1), NHL (n = 1/2), and MM (n = 0/1)). Overall rates of high-risk patients were 84.4% for UCBT recipients and 50.4% for BMT/PBSCT recipients(P The median number of nucleated cells and CD34 + cells infused were 0.36 (r 0.19–0.69)×10 8 and 0.21(r 0.06–0.52)×10 6 per kilogram of the recipient9s body weight for UCBT recipients, and 5.68 (r 2.02–12)×10 8 and 3.63(r 0.67∼14.99)×10 6 per kilogram for BMT/PBSCT recipients ( P =0.000). The primary engraftment rate was 96.1% (UCBT) and 100% (BMT/PBSCT). The median time to 0.5×10 9 /L ANC was 19 days (r 12–35) and 12 days(r 10–18)( P = 0.000) and the median time to 20×10 9 /L platelets was 36 days(r 14–90)and 15 days(r 11–17)( P = 0.001); hematopoietic recovery was significantly delayed after UCBT. The cumulative incidence of total acute GVHD (47.3% vs.22.2%, P = 0.001), early transplantation-related mortality (TRM) before day +100 (13.0% vs.3.4%, P P P = 0.247), relapse rate (14.3% vs. 14.5%, P=0.962), and 3 year over survival (OS) (59.6% vs. 64.1%, P =0.123). But the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD (18.8% vs. 44.1%) and extensive chronic GVHD (0% vs. 18%) was lower in UCBT recipients ( P Our data shows similar survival, but better quality of life after myeloablative transplantation using UCB versus identical sibling hematopoietic cells in adults with hematologic malignancies. HLA-mismatched cord blood should be considered an acceptable source of hematopoietic stem-cell grafts for adults in the absence of an HLA-matched adult donor. Disclosures: Sun: Anhui Provincial "115" Industrial Innovation Program (2009): Research Funding; the Fund of the Key Medical Project of Anhui Provincial Healthy Department (2010A005): Research Funding; Key Scientific and Technological Project of Anhui province "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" (11010402164): Research Funding.


Deep vein thrombosis is still today a disorder that affects several patients, with a number of implications with high morbidity, mortality and high costs for the health system so it is both necessary and essential, the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases. And here is where anticoagulants take place as important part in the management of deep vein thrombosis, not only as a treatment per se but also clinically to treat recurrences and complications. However, besides its extensive use, the range of anticoagulants available in the market is very low and limited, mostly in terms of oral anticoagulation, with its side effects and complications. For this reason this area is so attractive for pharmaceutical innovation, and thus, there have been an advent of new drugs, both parenterally and orally. This article will review on the newest anticoagulant drugs, focusing on the direct factor Xa inhibitor, Rivaroxaban.


This paper explains the size and value "anomalies" in stock returns using an economically motivated two-beta model. We break the CAPMbeta of a stock with the market portfolio into two components, one reflecting news about the market's future cash flows and one reflecting news about the market's discount rates. Intertemporal asset pricing theory suggests that the former should have a higher price of risk; thus beta, like cholesterol, comes in "bad" and "good" varieties. Empirically, we find that value stocks and small stocks have considerably higher cash-flow betas than growth stocks and large stocks, and this can explain their higher average returns. The poor performance of the CAPM since 1963 is explained by the fact that growth stocks and high-past-beta stocks have predominantly good betas with low risk prices. JEL classification: G12, G14, N22


After considering the manufacturer's production capacity constraints and market preference, this paper presents a closed-loop supply chain of automotive tires which consists of a remanufacturer, a retailer, and a recycler, where used tires are collected and reused. Based on the features of the closed-loop tire remanufacturing supply chain, four Stackelberg models are developed to investigate the influences of the carbon tax and the technology subsidy on recycling performance. The result shows that the carbon tax is conducive to improving the remanufacturing technology level and reducing emissions, but it reduces the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer. A subsidy can make up for their loss by the carbon tax. Moreover, an allied decision of the chain's members can help them gain economic benefits, while an independent decision can improve environmental benefits.


Abstract : U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center and School (USADACS), Evaluation Division, (SMCAC-DEV) was tasked by the U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC). SMCAR-ESK, to conduct compression and drop tests on a Single 105mm Ammunition Wood Box. This report contains the procedures, results and conclusions from the tests conducted.


Objective: to study morphological and morphometric changes in the epiphysis bone in a rat during the intra-articular injection of chondroitin sulfate (CS). Mаteriаl аnd methods. The object of the study was the knee joints of 36 Wistar rats. CS injections at a dose of 0.05 ml were performed once a week into one of the knee joints (experimental joint), and isotonic NaCl solution at the same volume was injected into the opposite joint (control joint). The animals in the number of 12 units were withdrawn from the experiment on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days, which corresponded to one week after one-, two-and three-fold intra-articular injections of HC and 0.9 % NaCl. The isolated knee joints were placed in a decalcifying liquid, then were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. 4 micron histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The morphometric analysis assessed the thickness of hyaline articular cartilage, the thickness of the epiphysis growth zone cartilage, and the cell content of the subchondral bone. Results. The study of the thickness of the articular cartilage, the growth zone of epiphyseal cartilage and the cellular composition of the subchondral bone has showed a statistically significant dynamic increase in these indicators after the 2nd and 3rd intra-articular injections of CS. The assessment of the thickness of the articular cartilage on the 21st day found some statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.0001), the thickness of the epiphyseal cartilage had increased significantly by that time (p < 0.0001), and the cell content of bone marrow showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.002). Conclusion. The obtained data testify to a pronounced regenerative effect of CS, injected intra-articularly into articular cartilage.


The present article describes the trajectory, the work and the ach ievements of the B razi l ian Associat ion of N u rs ing (ABEn ) i n M inas Gera is . I t describes some contribut ions of the association for the g rowth and development of the nu rs ing profession in M inas Gerais and i n the whole country. The facts and events reported i n this investigation were taken from meet ing m inutes , newspaper art ic les, journals of the association , records and summaries of events , and ora l i nterviews . The study i n it ia l ly out l ines the or ig i n of the associat ion i n B razi l , establ i sh i ng con nections with the foundat ion and deve lopment of ABEn M i nas Gera is . I t a lso descr ibes the most i m portant events , strugg les and ach ieveme nts promoted by the twenty-two admin istrat ions of the associat ion , which conso l idated ABEn-M inas Gera is . The conclus ion of the study is that the sol id ificat ion of this branch was ach ieved due to the effort and i nvolvement of people who rea l ly valued and wanted to develop the nurs ing p rofess ion .


Introduction: Obesity is a condition involving low-level chronic inflammation as indicated by increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF, interleukin and other inflammatory markers in the blood. Some endocrine mediators, such as paracrine and autocrine derived from adipose tissue play an important role in regulating the function of adipocytes, especially related to insulin sensitivity. Significant complications of obesity, including insulin resistance as a risk factor of Type 2 diabetes are associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Aim :  The purpose of this study is to determine the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-alpha, interleukin, resistin and insulin resistance in the obese group compared to controls  sampled from a Javanese population. Method : This study is a preliminary study of 120 people, consisting of 60 obese and 60 controls. Lipid profiles, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-alpha, interleukin, resistin were examined with Elisa methods and insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA IR index. Results : This study found levels of glucose, insulin, CRP, and HOMA-IR were higher and significantly different in obese group than control (P 0.05) Conclusion: The study showed that there were increased levels of adipokines and insulin resistance in obese group compared with the control in the sample of Javanese population. Keywords:  Obese, insulin resistance, CRP, TNF-Alpha, Interleukin, Resistin


In this paper, we propose a Path-aware Siamese Graph neural network(PSG) for link prediction tasks. First, PSG captures both nodes and edge features for given two nodes, namely the structure information of k-neighborhoods and relay paths information of the nodes. Furthermore, a novel multi-task GNN framework with self-supervised contrastive learning is proposed for differentiation of positive links and negative links while content and behavior of nodes can be captured simultaneously. We evaluate the proposed algorithm PSG on two link property prediction datasets, ogbl-ddi and ogbl-collab. PSG achieves top 1 performance on ogbl-ddi until submission and top 3 performance on ogbl-collab. The experimental results verify the superiority of our proposed PSG


Summary This article presents the analyses of the first mating designs established in the reciprocal recurrent selection scheme of Eucalyptus in Congo. Two selection schemes were involved, the first one concerning E. urophyllagrandis, the second one concerning E. urophyllapellita. For each of the hybrid species, height, circumference and volume were measured until 3 of 4 years (half of the rotation age). Male additive variance was lower than female additive variance (30% of the additive variance) for the 2 hybrids. It was demonstrated by studying correlation between parent phenotype and parent crossbreeding value in E. urophylla that the higher additive variance for females was probably due to selection of males for their phenotypic value. This result implies a weaker selection intensity for the males in order not to havily reduce the variability. Variance structure was different according to considered hybrids. For circumference, additive variance accounted for 80% of total genetic variance in E. urophyllagrandis and only 40% in E. urophyllapellita. Sampling of parents and/or genetic distance between species could be an explanatory factor of this difference.


Functional plant protein has effect on defending heart and blood vessel illness and regulating immunity.Its characterization and application was studied more and more.In this article,progress of studies on active and functional protein from plant was introduced.The bioactivity of plant protein mainly contained anti-cancer,anti-bacterium,antivirus and lipid transfer.This article provided some use and guidance for deep study and exploiture of plant protein.


In this paper, we posit that sustainability warrants explicit recognition in the teaching of basic principles of economics. The conventional exposition of conceptual and analytic frameworks in basic principles in almost all standard economics textbooks overlooks at least two basic flaws. The first of these concerns the collection of residual externalities that exist without being internalized in market transactions and hence fall outside the calculus of national income accounting. For example, not all energy resource prices capture the entirety of the damages inflicted on natural ecosystems. The cumulus of residual externalities threatens the feasibility of sustainability. The second flaw is the absence of sustainability as a necessary condition in the fundamental benchmark of perfect competition (PC). Sustainability, when explicitly introduced in the PC benchmark, results in significant changes to conceptual premises in economics. The most significant of such changes concerns the axiomatic differentiation between "goods" and "bads".


The boost converter is a non-minimal phase system with a right-half-plane zero in the transfer function. Accordingly, a slow dynamic controller is designed to control the converter. This paper proposes a bump-less multi-level PI control scheme for a DC-DC boost converter which ensures stability over a wide range of operating conditions and at the same time offers a high dynamic performance. Extensive comparative simulations with a conventional PI controller are then carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show the superior control performance of the multi-level PI controller over the simple PI controller.


Nanosize metal powders have unusual physical, chemical, and metallurgical properties, owing to the large percentage of atoms that are on the surface, and the electro-explosion of wire provides a novel means of nanopowder production. The resulting powders have a high density of crystal defects, further enhancing their internal energy. A variety of metal powders are being produced in kilogram quantities in Russia and in the USA. Principal applications are in microelectronics, e.g. in thick film paste formulations, as additives for propellants and pyrotechnics, for coatings, as sintering aids, and in self-heating synthesis of high temperature alloys and compounds.


The Raman excitation profile for the 220 cm −1 mode of trans-azobenzene in cyclohexane solution was measured in resonance with the π-π* transition peaked around 320 nm. A strong modulation of the band intensity across the first vibrational feature of the poorly resolved absorption spectrum was detected. The collected data were analysed by means of the time-correlator theory and of a Franck-Condon model to derive some molecular parameters of the excited electron state


Co-production of Poly (β-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) and Biosurfactants (BS) is made possible because they both contain hydroxyalkanoic acids as their main constituents. This study investigated the use of glucose and molasses at varying concentrations as alternative carbon substrates for the co-production of PHAs and BS. Biosynthesis was for 7days at 30 0C during which the best PHA was produced from 8% glucose (101 mgL) on the third day and the best BS from 4% molasses (52 mg/L) on the fifth day. The produced PHAs contained hexadecanoic, octadecenoic and octadecanoic acids from molasses and hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids from glucose. Some fractions from the open column chromatography were positive to both Anthrone and Rhodamine B test reagent and others negative to Ninhydrin test reagent indicating that the presence of a glycolipid; the PHAs on the other hand showed monomers of alkanoic acids. This research showed that both biopolymers (PHAs and biosurfactants) can be produced via microbial fermentation from agro-wastes by Pseudomonas luteola. It is recommended that optimization studies on the best pH, innoculum load, speed and temperature be done to ascertain the best conditions for production of both PHAs and biosurfactants as their applications cannot be overemphasized.


In this decade, the exceedingly rising state of the art industry is internet of things where trillion devices will be connected. IoT is being appraised to transform the concept of communication. To support this paradigm shift, companies and organizations are endowing worthwhile attention with researchers and scholars. Internet of thing is lending a hand with its essential role to build a new and smart world in a smarter way where everything will be under the umbrella of it. The internet of things enables an overwhelming smartness to help the humankind with various entities and diverse applications. Although, it is greatest achievement in this decade but some prevails are being engendered calamitous situations with subject to security concerns such as threats, vulnerabilities, attacks in internet of things with its connected and inter-connected devices and objects. Some hazards are critically perilous and alarming to internet of things such as physical attacks, network attack, encryption attacks, software attacks, authorization, surveillance, identity theft, vandalism, secure communication and so on. The most salient concern and important part on internet of things is secure architecture of internet of things. In near future with the connectivity of billion or trillion devices, it would be very difficult to resolve the security issues for impending generations. In this paper, we reviewed different security architecture of IoT and highlighted the absence of security layer in all models.


The two-body weak nonleptonic decays of ''charmed'' pseudoscalar mesons to normal hadrons are analyzed, in models with the most general structure for the right-handed currents. The structure of the left-handed part of the current is chosen in accordance with the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani mechanism. Implications for the SPEAR charm search are analyzed. (AIP)


Differential and total cross sections are predicted for low‐energy collisions of electrons with polar molecules. The potential is due to a point dipole fixed to the molecule at its center of mass, the molecule is treated as a rigid rotator, and the first Born approximation is used. Each type of polar rigid rotator is treated: linear, symmetric top, and asymmetric top; and free radicals are discussed briefly. Reference is made to swarm experiments to indicate the validity of the theory.


We get a characterization of point of continuity property in Banach spaces with a shrinking Schauder finite-dimensional decomposition. We also prove that a Banach space with a shrinking Schauder finite-dimensional decomposition has the point of continuity property if every subspace with a shrinking Schauder basis has it.


Using the idea of the least squares method, a nonlinear two point boundary value problem is transformed into an optimal control problem. For solving the optimal control problem the gradient method is used. The convergence of the method is investigated and numerical results are reported.


The objective of the article is to examine projects aimed at strengthening the security of Russia through the formation of a Cossack (cavalry) army. A similar operational and strategic association owes its practical origin to the Soviet Republic; the Whites also had corresponding projects (in particular, those of P.N. Wrangel). The author of the article managed to establish the fact that projects of creation of such formations existed much earlier, in August - September, 1917, and their realization would not only provide safety of the Russian republic, but also would influence the combat effectiveness of the Russian active army and prospects of the final stage of Russia's participation in the World War I. This determines the scientific novelty of the research. The objectives of the article are to analyze the projects of the formation of the Cossack army of the Russian Republic in the summer-autumn of 1917, as well as the reform of the Cossack cavalry, its division into army and strategic cavalry. After the corresponding reform, the Cossack cavalry (including all 3 Astrakhan Cossack regiments) became the most important operational and strategic tool and reserve of the Russian active army at the final stage of World War I. The article is based on previously unpublished archival documents extracted from the archives of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA). Research methods: archive study, historico-comparative analysis and historico-systemic analysis.


Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect on experimental endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pigs after hyperbaric therapy. Background: The histopathologic character of Ménière's disease is the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. Endolymphatic hypertension could be one of the factors resulting from endolymphatic hydrops. Some treatments of Ménière's disease are aimed toward preventing the endolymphatic hypertension. Exposure to pressure change has risen in recent years. Methods: Thirty-two guinea pigs were operated on the right ears to induce endolymphatic hydrops by obliterating the endolymphatic sac through an extradural posterior cranial fossa approach. After 5 weeks' survival, 12 guinea pigs were put into a chamber with an absolute atmospheric pressure of 2.2 for 3 weeks (90 minutes once a day 5 times a week). We observed the morphologic and functional changes in guinea pig cochleae of the pressure group, 4-week hydrops group (n = 10), 8-week hydrops group (n = 10), and the normal group (n = 10). We measured the hearing threshold of the auditory brainstem response, the 70-dB SPL action potential (AP) latency, the ratio of 70-dB SPL summating potential magnitude to action potential magnitude (-SP/AP) of the electrocochleogram, and the maximum scala media area (SMA) ratio, respectively. Results: The average 70-dB SPL–SP/AP magnitude of right ears (0.29 ± 0.09) and the average maximum SMA ratio (2.23 ± 0.20) in the pressure group were significantly less than that in the 8-week hydrops group (0.69 ± 0.15 and 4.04 ± 0.52, respectively) with the same survival time (p < 0.05). The results in the pressure group were almost as similar as that in the 4-week hydrops group (0.29 ± 0.13 and 2.22 ± 0.20, respectively) (p > 0.05). The average hearing threshold of ABR of right ears in the pressure group (36.67 ± 14.30-dB SPL) was lower than that of the 8-week hydrops group (44 ±1 4.30-dB SPL), but the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05). The average 70-dB SPL AP latency of right ears in the pressure group was not significantly different from those of the 8-week hydrops group, the 4-week hydrops group, or the normal group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest hyperbaric therapy can significantly suppress the development of endolymphatic hydrops and improve cochlear function in guinea pigs. This study provided strong evidence for the development of pressure treatment of Ménière's disease without destroying the inner ear.


The influence of foreign ions on the determination of ionic Ag in an aqueous solution based on the formation of silver nanoparticles, during reduction reaction of Ag+ by , was studied using UV-Vis spectrometry and thermal lens spectrometry combined with flow injection analysis. The analysis was performed for ions that are normally present in drinking water supplies, or can result from contamination, and included Cl−, Br−, I−, , , K+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, and . It was demonstrated that some ions are strong interferents in the determination of ionic silver in water by either precipitating the Ag salts or forming compounds and complexes that cause the increase in the detected signal.


Abstract The extended stretch-bender Hamiltonian, incorporating spin–orbit coupling and overall rotation, has been used to calculate the spin-vibronic structure of the X 2 B 1 state of NH 2 up to the barrier to linearity of this state. A detailed comparison has been made with experimental measurements of these rovibronic states, the majority of which are due to Vervloet and his collaborators. We have shown that, in order to fit the variation of the vibronic spin–orbit coupling constant over the whole of this energy regime, the effective linear molecule spin–orbit coupling constant, A SO , must be increased from the earlier value of 50 cm −1 of Ch. Jungen, K.-E. J. Hallin, and A. Merer ( Mol. Phys. 40, 65–94 (1980)) to 61.6 cm −1 . Evidence has also been provided for the large quenching of the spin–orbit coupling as the molecule bends, reflected in the large valuee of g K =6 cm −1 . The pattern of calculated spinrovibronic levels, including the effects of spin uncoupling, is in good agreement with that measured experimentally.


PURPOSE: To obtain chlorinated saccharides in high yield at a low cost without forming a byproduct by reacting saccharides with thionyl chloride to obtain persulfite and reacting this persulfite with thionyl chloride in the presence of a specific catalyst. CONSTITUTION: At first, saccharides and an unprotected OH group of a partially protected saccharide deriv. are reacted with thionyl chloride in the absence of pyridine when unprotected OH groups are 3 or less or in the presence of pyridine when unprotected OH groups are 3 or more to obtain persulfite. Subsequently, the persulfite is reacted with thionyl chloride in an inert solvent in the presence of a quaternary salt represented by the formula (wherein R 1 -R 3 are each lower alkyl; and R 4 is 7C or more hydrocarbon) after persulfite is isolated when the above mentioned reaction is performed in the presence of pyridine to remove free pyridine not only to form a chlorosulfite group by the decomposition of a persulfate group but also to perform the substitution of a chlorosulfite group and the insertion of a Cl atom. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


If 'benefits' exceed 'costs', by all means build: if not, don't even think! But then a question arises – what are costs, and what are benefits? Oh, we are told: there are many, many costs – Direct and indirect, primary and secondary, economic, environmental, social, psychological, and more. What about benefits? – oh, we are told: there are many, many benefits – direct and indirect, primary and secondary, tangible and intangible, and more.


The Royal Navy's fleet of Vanguard Class nuclear submarines are undergoing a major programme of refit and overhaul at Devonport Dockyard, Plymouth. Implementation of the programme is subject to the approval of a safety case by military and civil regulators. In support of the safety case, WS Atkins Consultants Ltd. (Atkins) has undertaken a Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) of the parts of the refit programme relevant to the refuelling of the submarines' nuclear reactors.


A dynamic randon access memory device has memory cells each implemented by a series combination of a switching transistor and a storage capacitor coupled between one of the bit lines of an associated bit line pair and an associated plate line, and an input node of an associated sense amplifier circuit is coupled with the one of the bit lines and blocked from the associated plate line; however, the other input node of the associ ated sense amplifier circuit is blocked from the other bit line and coupled with the associated plate line so that the storage capacitor can produce relatively large initial differential voltage between the input nodes of the asso ciated sense amplifier circuit.


Knowledge of airflow through agricultural bulk solids, such as bulk grain, is important for designing storage and processing equipment. The complex and variable connectivity of pore structures of agricultural bulk solids makes fluid flow difficult to predict. This study aims to simulate the pore-structure of grain beds and calculate the airflow paths at a microscopic scale. A discrete element model PFC3D (Particle Flow Code in 3 Dimensions) is used to simulate the pore-structure of bulk grain The tortuosity of airflow path is predicted by developing a mathematical algorithm in MATLAB R2009. The results will help to develop a pore-scale fluid flow model by integrating the pore-structure model with the airflow properties to study the airflow resistance of agricultural bulk solids.


In this research a development model for creating an E-learning module (ELM) was proposed and has been adopted to implement aweb-based training component focusing on .cost justification in manufacturing practice. The cost justification component thereafter served as an instrument to .compare the web-based learning environments with its face-toface counterpart in terms of effectiveness and usefulness. The purpose of the ELM development model was to provide a clear and systematic mechanism for developing e-Learning modules. It consists of four steps: planning, designing, implementation, and testing. In each step have several subtasks an instructional designer can follow to layout the development plan in details. To test the usefulness of this development model, acase-study component was created. It covers two topics: monetary time value and cost justification evaluation. The component was pilot tested by 6 participants from different educational backgrounds. At the end of the two-hour training session, the learners were surveyed regarding their perceptive .values on the training module and were also tested for performance outcome. For the monetary time value section, the mean of six testers' .scores was 92.5, with the lowest being 75, and the highest 100. In the cost justification evaluation section, the mean was 77.5 with the lowest being 55, and the highest 90. The performance test outcomes show that the webbased module was effective for almost alI of the pilot users. The participants also favor the training module for its rich content, interactivity, and the ability to enable self-path learning. Following the pilot test and the modifications based on the pilot users' .feedback, the training component was used in a field test that was conducted to compare the web-based


In this paper we present a different point of view of phase measurements performed in interferometry, image processing and intelligent vision using Wavelet Transform. In standard and white-light interferometry, the phase function is retrieved by using phase-shifting, Fourier-Transform, cosinus-inversion and other known algorithms. Our novel technique presented here is faster, robust and shows excellent accuracy in phase determinations. Finally, in our second application, fringes are no more generate by some light interaction but result from the observation of adapted strip set patterns directly printed on the target of interest. The moving target is simply observed by a conventional vision system and usual phase computation algorithms are adapted to an image processing by wavelet transform, in order to sense target position and displacements with a high accuracy. In general, we have determined that wavelet transform presents properties of robustness, relative speed of calculus and very high accuracy in phase computations.


In this work the covalent anchoring of N‐or C‐protected Cu(II)—L‐tyrosine complexes onto a swellable resin or surface‐modified silica gel is described. Experimental conditions (solvents, the availability of ligands) of the synthesis were varied; the structures (by IR spectroscopy) and the superoxide dismutase activities of the anchored complexes were studied.


Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) off late has been the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide, replacing poliomyelitis which dominated in the past few decades. A 4 months old female infant was presented with sudden onset; nonprogressive weakness of both lower limbs with areflexia and urinary retention such clinical features consistent with Guillain Barre Syndrome. She was treated with immunoglobulin 0.4gm per kg per day for 5 days and responded well to treatment and started recovery after two weeks. Though Guillain Barre Syndrome is uncommon before six months of life, it should be suspect in infant those presented with bilateral and relatively symmetric weakness with hyporeflexia or areflexia with preceding antecedent events.