An injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented for D-band (110 to 170GHz) applications. It has been realized in 65nm CMOS technology. The whole chip area is 0.6×0.5mm2 and the core area occupies 0.32×0.17mm2. This ILFD consumes 5.28mW from a 1.1V supply without the buffers and biasing circuit. The measured frequency locking range is 132.7-to-143.5GHz with input power ≪−4dBm.


We use a high-bandwidth silicon-based integrated coherent transceiver in the long-haul fiber transmission systems. 16-Tb/s ($80\times 200-\text{Gb}/\mathrm{s}$) Nyquist DP-QPSK transmission over 10,000-km G.654E fiber with Raman amplification is experimentally demonstrated.


With the development of lightweight technology, advanced high strength steel (AHSS) had been widely used in automotive and construction industry. However, twist defect restricts the application of thin-walled components with asymmetric section. In this work, AHSS MS1500 was taken to investigate the complex non-linear elastoplastic behaviors and twist defect in roll forming process. Finite element analysis (FEA) model was established by COPRA software and the material model considered Young's modulus variation with plastic deformation and material anisotropy was selected. With the developed model, the mechanism of twist defect was discussed and the effect of forming strategy on twist defect was analyzed. For asymmetric hat channel steel, the asymmetric residual longitudinal stress is the principal reason for twist defect. Loading patterns have a significant effect on twist defect and the developed UDT-type (USTB-Durable-type) method can control twist defect effectively. This study has provided theoretical and technical support on large-scale application of AHSS.


Diabetes mellitus with its high prevalence and related hygienic problems is one of the most important worldwide burdens that can also cause mental and psychological side effects. The disease complications, chronic progress, treatment costs and social problems are among the issues that can affect the patients' cognitive function and cause depression and sleep disorders. Failure to diagnose and treatment of such issues causes a poor prognosis and increases the risk of death. High prevalence of sleep disorders in diabetic adults and its association with depression and glucose metabolism encouraged us to conduct a study to compare the frequency of depression and sleep disorders in type-2 diabetic patients with non-diabetics. Methodology In a prospective case-control study design, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 64 diabetic patients from 22 Bahman Hospital and 86 non-diabetic individuals as the matched group, were enrolled in the study during the years 2013 to 2014. To gather the data, Pittsburg sleep quality index and Hamilton depression rating scale was used. Results Sleep quality disorders and depression are more common in diabetic patients. In diabetic patients, percentage of depression and sleep quality disorders was 78.1, 68, and in non-diabetics, it was 50% and 36%, respectively. This study showed significant relationship between sleep quality disorders and depression between the two groups of participants. No significant relationship was found regarding control blood sugar, type of treatment and the amount of time a person is exposed to the disease and incidence of depression and sleeping problems. Conclusion Regarding the high prevalence of depression and sleep disorders in diabetic patients, it is necessary to diagnose depression and sleep disorders.


In traditional German medicine, the dried ripe or fresh berries of Sambucus nigra were used for the treatment of constipation, to increase diuresis, as a diaphoretic in upper respiratory tract infections, for the alleviation of low back and/or neuropathic pain, headache and tooth ache. In the meantime, there are data on the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiproliferative effects available, but these need further support. Several in vitro studies together with two exploratory studies in humans and one open study in chimpanzees indicate that the aqueous elderberry extract Sambucol may be useful for the treatment of viral influenza infections or other viral infections. The active principle of elderberry, a mixture of procyanidins, anthocyanins and phenolic acids, has a potent antioxidative effect that may be useful for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome (hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertonus) associated with obesity. Although the evidence of effectiveness is poor due to the poor quality of the studies, the outcome measures (blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure) provide promising results. Though laboratory and clinical data indicate that elderberry products may be a "functional food" for disorders or diseases related to oxidative stress, these promising indications need to be confirmed in more rigorous studies.


Ernst Jacoby was one of that historically important and influential group of refugee physicians who came to Britain in the 1930s and contributed so much to patient care and medical, intellectual and social life during the following decades. He was a highly respected and well-known Birmingham


where C is the energy consumed, F is the energy content of the faeces and U is the energy content of the nitrogenous wastes (e.g. urine). Similar indices now appear in many entomological papers (Waldbauer 1968; Slansky & Scriber 1982, 1985). Ratios remain an ambivalent issue in biology, as is illustrated in the following quotation: '... there are some serious drawbacks to the use of ratios and percentages in statistical work... [but] ... we should emphasise that ratios may be the only meaningful way to interpret and understand certain types of biological problems' (Sokal & Rohlf 1981). Here I use the nutritional indices ADC and MEC to examine some of the issues involved in deciding on whether to analyse ratios or the parent variables. I conclude that there are considerable costs associated with the use of ratios and little justification for the claim that they provide information not available through analysis of the measured variables.


In this paper, we propose a proposed fully constrained least squares (p-FCLS) for spectral unmixing, which assumes that the endmember with the absolute maximum negative abundance by least squares is the disturbing endmember and that can be ignored subsequently, then the other endmembers are returned in the iteration until the abundance of all endmembers are non-negative. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, hyperspectral data samples by ASD Field spectrometer and the EO-1 Hyperion image are employed. The results illustrate that p-FCLS could reduced time consumption and is more accurate in unmixing hyperspectral mixed spectral and pixel than fully constrained least squares (FCLS) and normalized non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF).


Fluency tests are frequently used in clinical practice to asses executive functions. The literature data are not unequivocal although in a great number of papers is pointed out the importance of the left hemisphere, specially of the left frontal lobes in the mediation of phonological fluency and the right hemisphere in the mediation of nonverbal fluency. This paper considers the suitability of fluency tests for the detection of left versus right seizure laterality. The sample consisted of thirty-two epilepsy patients divided into two groups: LHF-participants with the seizure focus in the left hemisphere (n=16), and DHF-participants with the seizure focus in the right hemisphere (n=16), and K-the control group of t age-matched healthy children (n=50) aged 7-11 years. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of the phonological and nonverbal fluency performance was carried out in consideration of the seizure laterality as well as compared to the healthy controls. The results of phonological fluency performance revealed that the performance of the LHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both DHF and K group. The analysis of nonverbal fluency performance revealed that the performance of the DHF group was significantly reduced as compared to both LHF and K group The qualitative analysis obtained valuable data, which could additionally contribute to the neuropsychological evaluation of the left versus right seizure laterality.


We present a new method for in-pipe robot control, and introduce 3 kinds of sensors attached to the in-pipe robot. These sensors were used to measure the curvature of pipe, to position the mini-robot, and to get the image of the inside surface of the pipe.


ABSTRACT In Western countries, professionals in mental health care ("professionals") tend to be less religious than "consumers". This qualitative study explores the meaning of this "religiosity gap" for professionals and consumers in mental health care. Both a regular, secular and a Christian clinic in the Netherlands participated in this study. Content analysis was applied to 35 consumer interviews and 18 interviews with professionals. Consumers reported negative experiences (e.g., perceived disrespect and a lack of confidence) and/or negative expectations (e.g., misunderstanding and misinterpretation) related to a religiosity gap. They also mentioned advantages of a "religiosity match", like safety and confidence and appreciated professionals' religious/spiritual self-disclosure. Professionals in secular care setting tended to avoid religion and spirituality. In both clinics, they tended to neutralise religious/spiritual differences and be reticent in self-disclosure. Professionals are recommended to recognise the relevance of a religiosity gap and to consider different strategies in approaching religion/spirituality.


The fifth-generation NCAR/Penn State nonhydrostatic dynamics mesoscale model (MM5) was used for the numerical study of the microclimate of the coastal area where an inclined surface is in presence. The main factors representing the coastal microlimate are computed under the conditions of different slope locations and different grades. It is shown that the sea/land breeze has been hastened at the beginning due to the existance of the slope. When the sea/land breeze develops, the slope wakes as a barrier which depresses the surface pressure and reduces the wind velocity. The main factors representing the coastal microlimate are also influenced by the slope location and grades.


The paper presents Wymiennik – an alternative economic system created in 2012 in Warsaw, which uses a grassroots and virtual local currency called alterka. The author discusses the reading inspirations of the Wymiennik participants and their lifestyle to determine how the perceptions of the optimal shape of the nonmonetary exchange system relate to the real practice of its functioning. The paper describes the users' motivations to participate in the system and the needs it fulfils. The sources of knowledge about the Wymiennik are: twelve in-depth interviews with users and system leaders, discourse analysis and two-year participant observation.


The invention relates to the technical field of water supply devices used for field operations, and discloses a field production water supply device, which comprises a base, a lower water storage tank, an upper water storage tank, a pump manifold assembly and a pump pipe heat preservation room, wherein the lower water storage tank is fixed on the right part of the upper end of the base; the pump pipe heat preservation room is fixed on the left part of the upper end of the base; the upper water storage arranged in an inner chamber of the lower water storage tank can be taken down to be arranged on the upper part of the lower water storage tank; the pump manifold assembly is arranged in the pump pipe heat preservation room; and the upper water storage tank is connected with the inner chamber of the lower water storage tank by the pump manifold assembly, and can externally supply water. The field production water supply device has a rational and compact structure and is convenient to use; water pumps and manifolds are positioned in the heat preservation room for preventing freezing; and the lower water storage tank and the heat preservation room are arranged on the same base, and the upper water storage tank arranged on the upper part of the lower water storage tank supplies the water and can be sleeved in the lower water storage tank when carried, so the field production water supply device can be conveniently and rapidly carried away once in moving, is convenient to assemble and disassemble, and has the characteristics of safety, labor saving, economy and high efficiency.


The dynamics of a two-level atom driven by a single laser beam and three-level atom (Lambda configuration) irradiated by two laser beams are studied taking into account of the quantized center-of-mass motion of the atom. It is shown that the trapped atom system under appropriate resonance condition exhibits the large time-scale revivals when the index of the vibrational sideband responsible for the atomic electronic transition is greater than unity. The revival times are shown to be dependent on the initial number of vibrational excitations and the magnitude of the Lamb-Dicke parameter. The sub-Poissonian statistics in vibrational quantum number is observed at certain time intervals. The minimum time of interaction for which the squeezed states of motional quadrature are generated is found to be decreasing with the increase in the Lamb-Dicke parameter.


A multipurpose land administration system (MLAS) should integrate various types of data that are stored in many official registers as public sector information. All information of the public sector, if available, is the potential which can contribute to social and economic development. The right of access to public sector information in recent years is guaranteed by regulations in many countries. Although the regulations differ, their objectives are common. Informing the population is an important task for the development of democracy, fighting corruption and increasing the accountability of the governing structures.


The pharmacokinetics of high‐dose rectal metoclopramide have been studied in nine patients after administration of 150‐mg suppositories. The results have been compared to the pharmacokinetics of the drug in five patients who received the same dose of metoclopramide intravenously.


Abstract : This thesis presents a preliminary design of an ionospheric sounder to be carried aboard one or more of NASA's Mars Surveyor landers. Past Russian and American probes have indicated the existence of an ionosphere, but none of these missions remotely sensed this atmospheric layer from the surface. The rationale for utilizing a surface-based Martian ionospheric sounder is discussed. Based on NASA's choice of launch vehicle and power source, a low-weight, low-powered Chirp sounder using a horizontally-polarized dipole antenna is recommended for the sounder experiment. The sounder experiment should be conducted for at least one Martian year, in order to investigate significant changes in radio propagation during seasonal transitions. Specific data compression techniques are suggested in order to reduce the quantity of data transferred from each sounder. The Appendix presents an overview of Earth's ionospheric structure and solar cycle effects. Finally, a Matlab software model of a hypothetical ionogram as measured from the Martian surface is presented.


The invention discloses a method and a device for discovering hot words. The method comprises the following steps of presetting a hot word bank and arranging a corresponding hot word weight for each hot word in the hot word bank; expressing a document by utilizing the hot words in the hot word bank according to the word frequency of each hot word in the document and each hot word weight arranged in the hot word bank; clustering documents expressed by the hot words in the hot word bank to be document classes with preset number; carrying out focus sorting on the document classes with preset number, and filtering out the document classes with focus values being smaller than a preset focus threshold; and carrying out hot word selection on the filtered document classes according to the preset hot word selecting strategy. The method and the device for discovering the hot words are applied, so that the clustering complexity can be reduced, and the efficiency for discovering social network focuses is improved.


This guide describes the role of Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) in the scholarly communication landscape and how DOIs are assigned by AU Library.


Chemical rocket motors have limited possibilities for space travel problems. Ionic and plasma motors are promising in this regard. The working principle of the plasma motor depends on the acceleration of the plasma in electric and magnetic fields as well as possible contraction of the plasma radiation. From the numerous kinds of plasma motors, the magnetohydrodynamic motor appears especially promising. Sun energy, nuclear energy, or the magnetohydrodynamic generator under consideration serve as energy sources. With respect to the adjustment of the plasma motor on the charging problem and energy source, propulsion with a hydrodynamic flywheel is shown to be very useful. (tr - auth)


We study rationality properties of smooth complete intersections of three quadrics in P. We exhibit a smooth family of such intersections with both rational and non-rational fibers.


In this paper, the situation of GIS data uncertainty is analyzed, and the main issues of GIS data uncertainty are concluded. Based these, the frame of GIS data uncertainty is built primarily. Meanwhile, Integrating the methods of nonlinear complexity science, some methods of GIS data uncertainty are described in detail.


We assemble a sample of disk star-forming galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, studying the structure of H$\alpha$ emission lines, finding a large fraction of this sample contains boxy H$\alpha$ line profiles. This fraction depends on galaxy physical and geometric parameters in the following way: (1) it increases monotonically with star formation rate per unit area ($\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$), and stellar mass ($M_*$), with the trend being much stronger with $M_*$, from $\sim$0% at $M_*=10^{10}M_{\odot}$ to about 50% at $M_*=10^{11}M_\odot$; (2) the fraction is much smaller in face-on systems than in edge-on systems. It increases with galaxy inclination ($i$) while $i < 60\,^{\circ}$ and is roughly a constant of 25% beyond this range; (3) for the sources which can be modeled well with two velocity components, blueshifted and redshifted from the systemic velocity, these is a positive correlation between the velocity difference of these two components and the stellar mass, with a slope similar to the Tully-Fisher relation; (4) the two components are very symmetric in the mean, both in velocity and in amplitude. The four findings listed above can be understood as a natural result of a rotating galaxy disk with a kpc-scale ring-like H$\alpha$ emission region.


Purpose: In the forthcoming book Partial Memories, Ernst von Glasersfeld presents a chronological patchwork of autobiographical memories. Constructivist Foundations selected six of the 92 sketches …


Climate strength indicates the degree of consensus (i.e., lack of variability) in the shared perceptions of individuals which are aggregated to the team level. An implicit assumption in this aggregation is that the nesting based on organizational structure is the closest representation of work relationships throughout the organization: individuals use their work relationships with their teammates and supervisors to make sense of their environments, thereby generating shared individual perceptions which attain a level of consensus. The nature of work has become more interdependent and connected, enabling work relationships to flourish. On the one hand, these changes further facilitate conditions to generate consensus. Yet I argue that these changes also: (a) increase the salience of relationships beyond team boundaries, and (b) differentially influence relationships within teams, both of which act as barriers to consensus. I explain and reconcile these conflicting perspectives, identifying alternate ways i...


The 16th century was the century of 'codification of insurance customs in Europe. The passage from oral knowledge to written rules entailed significant changes and favoured major developments. This was particularly the case for England, where an insurance code was written between the late 1570s and the early 1580s. In the 16th century English mercantile customs evolved rapidly, detaching themselves from the Italian influence. At the same time, the increasing importance of Anglo-Dutch trade favoured the assimilation of Dutch customs into the London insurance practice. The fast development of English insurance customs, however, entailed significant uncertainty as to the applicable rules. The rapid growth of an insurance market attracted the attention of several courts, thus further increasing uncertainty. The answer of the mercantile community was to establish a specialized court for insurance in London and to write down their customs. The result was a remarkably elaborate code of insurance, quite a unicum in England. The code sought to strike a balance between continuity and change, consolidating some old usages and borrowing foreign customs, mainly Dutch. The significant influence of Dutch customs was probably favoured by the strong commercial links with the Netherlands. English merchants considered similar rules as a means to further trade. In this respect, the English code attests how economic integration might pave the way to legislative convergence.


Generation type of power plant (e.g. steam, wind) is an important attribute in power grid and energy market studies such as bidding strategy, audit of generation mix, and accounting for load-generation matching. Recently, regional transmission organizations (RTOs) and independent system operators (ISOs) are increasingly redacting a wide range of grid and market data attributes to protect their participants' business interests. Lack of this information can prevent important power grid research. We propose techniques to infer power plant generation types based on publicly-available market data. We develop and evaluate these techniques on data available from the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO). Evaluation shows successful classification of power plants, achieving 100% precision and 99.5% recall for wind plants, and 91.7% overall accuracy. On the basis of generated power, our classification shows 100% precision and 99.8% recall for wind plants and 93.2% overall accuracy. Our ultimate goal is to generalize to a wide range of RTOs/ISOs. We explore three feature types (bid pattern, capability, and operation), and evaluate their classification value for MISO. We also assess applicability to other RTOs/ISOs based on available market data. These studies inform the efficacy of the features for generation-type inference in other RTOs/ISOs.


This study analyzes Mexico's commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change an the Kyoto Protocol, as well as the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism in Mexico.


Based on the general theory of germplasm collection and the status of Hevea brasiliensis germplasm conservation,a new idea which some larruping germplasm could be searched from a large numbers of rootstocks in Hevea brasiliensis plantation was put forward.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Servant Leadership, Self-Awareness and Competence on Organizational Commitment and Performance of Employees of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Bangkalan State. Indonesia. Sample in this study was 82 Employees of Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Bangkalan State which gather using the Purposive Sampling technique. Data collection methods used survey techniques with questionnaires as instruments, and data analysis methods used PLS (Partial Least Square). The results of this study indicate that Servant Leadership, Self Awareness, and Competence has a significant effect on Organizational Commitment, Further analysis shows that Servant Leadership has a significant influence on the Performance, but Self Awareness Competence has not significant effect on the Performance, eventhouth Organizational Commitment has significant impact on the Performance, its mean that servant leadership and self awareness has important role on increasing the performance of the employees.


A novel 2-DOF precision positioning mechanism consisting of two parallelogram chains drived directly by linear voice motors was presented.Largrange equations were used to establish the dynamic model of the mechanism,and the expressions of velocity extremum and acceleration extremum were obtained based on the singularity value theory.Then,the velocity characteritics and the acceleration ability subject to the limitation of joint force were analyzed.The analysis results indicate that the positioning stage can get the maximum velocity of 0.8 m/s at the worst case,the maximum acceleration of 12g at the worst case,14g at the best case.The experiments validate that the presented positioning stage can give above performance index and can provide with the high velocity and acceleration characteristics.


The study has shown that it is possible to introduce the heterologous CHS gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and common multicopies of transgenes containing plants were obtained. Analysis of the change in metabolome of CHS transgenic plants, high expression transgenic lines can be identified by markers such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. It is also clear that UV-A/blue light stress does not further increase the levels of these marker compounds in CHS transgenic Arabidopsis plants, whereas in wild type plants such a treatment results in increased levels of these compounds, in fact similar to that in the transgenic plants. There are certain physiological limitations in the accumulation of certain products.
This thesis starts with a review of the function of CHS in plants and especially in plant resistance (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 deals with the work on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of heterologous chalcone synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana Col. 0. The effect of overexpression of CHS on the transcriptional level is discribed in this chapter. The activity of the CHS enzyme in the transgenic plants is reported in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5 metabolic profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is described. In this chapter the primary and secondary metabolites of Arabidopsis thaliana Col. 0 which can be detected by NMR are reported. Chapter 6 reports the metabolic profiling of CHS transgenic Arabidopsis. Metabolomic changes upon UV-A/blue light treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated (Chapter 7). Chapter 8 deals with the study of the effect of the non-pesticide chemical, Benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) on the Arabidopsis metabolome. Finally, the general summary and discussion of thesis are given in Chapter 9.


Technologies in the tourism sector are becoming more and more powerful, dominating the postmodern world. For this reason, a latent need is created, as the creation of direct channels and contact points and these become keys for the potential customer to know and finally can live the experience of a hotel operator like oxoHotel. Then, I create the prototype of an application, a web page and a Call Center, in order to configure those contact points that did not exist. After that, a brand activation is proposed, with the aim of publicizing these mentioned points of contact. Segmentation is done depending on the profile of the potential guests and a type of activity is designed depending on each profile. Finally, it is a whole technological atmosphere, where the challenge is to make known to oxoHotel as that technological hotel operator, at the forefront and above all, an operator that offers 14 different possibilities, that somehow breaks with the schemes and grows exponentially every day.


With the rapid development of urban economy,urban population also shows the trend of sharp increase,deteriorating living conditions,people in the crowded city is more eager to find a peace of mind.Therefore,the function of residential areas is not limited for people who owned,the more people's emotional needs to meet.Taking "Natural Rhythm" as designmotif,based on the ecology,using the skill of China classical garden,landscape design of Laizhou Yi He Mountain Villa was conducted by constructing landscape tetralogy,water culture belt and plant design to discuss to provide occupants healthy green homes through the design of the living environment and provide some useful references for designers.


This fourth and most recent volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) replicates the wonderful success of the three preceding volumes (1985, 1991, 1996), the established elegance of complete, consistent, and deliberate lexicography. As a living text, it also records change, not only among pronunciations, words, and phrases, but also among people, including the most important person who will ever be associated with the dictionary. The DARE4 staff page concludes:


Osteoporosis is defined, according to the concept of ALBRIGHT, as decreased bone mass in which the osteoblasts are primarily deficient in laying down in osteoid tissue


Solid waste management is an unresolved issue both for urban and rural area. However, according to the land use pattern and percentage built up it is a serious issue in urban areas. The solid waste and its issues start from the generation until the final disposal. The problems changes according to the type of waste, quantity of waste, type of origin and various other factors. Municipal Solid Waste is defined as any waste generated by household, commercial and/or institutional activities and is not hazardous. Depending upon the source, MSW is categorized into three types: Residential or household waste, commercial wastes and/or institutional wastes, municipal services wastes [1].


In order to enhance the transmission rate of the wireless multimedia transmission,this paper puts forward a high-speed wireless multimedia transmission system based on Wi-Fi.It includes the compare of Wi-Fi with existing wireless transmission agreement,and selects Ad Hoc network combing with the UDP protocol,by means of seven scene repeated testing.Experimental results show that the average transmission rate of Wi-Fi goes from 8.02 Mb/s to 12 Mb/s.


By introducing Web Service into existing Web project,this paper integrates Web Service and existing Web site well and makes business facet reusable.Based on the MVC Struts the project integrates with Web Service,which is implemented by Axis Apache.This method enables the project to take advantages of MVC and Web Service,the structure of project is clearer and more reusable.


This article embarks on the design evolution of some medical devices and identifies some characterisations that could not be isolated at each point. The evolution begins from a problem to solution (functional); to the need for safety and comfort with an ergonomic approach; to include technology that replaces many mechanically operated functional aspects; enabling design to integrate new materials or forms to be aesthetically appealing, understandable and user-friendly; and eventually trying to solve the 'failure' of design through universal design. Sensory and symbolic attributes that are successful in enhancing interaction, experience, and emotions can be identified as key variables for shaping the future of medical devices. These characterisations are unique and challenging in what is a relatively new domain for healthcare, and the designer who can define them can use them to 'get a grip' on the commercial success and viability of his or her future healthcare product.


The etching of n-type silicon (111) has been investigated by means of in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations performed over a wide range of bias of the sample. A special procedure has been used to observe topography changes at potentials close and positive of the rest potential. Irrespective of the bias, images show that the surface consists in atomically smooth terraces separated by 3.1 A high steps. At cathodic bias, the etching occurs principally at terrace edges and (111) terraces are most probably H terminated, which prevents their reconstruction, as could be seen in atomically resolved pictures taken in situ. Triangular etch pits nucleate when the potential approaches the rest potential


The modification of V 2 O 5 -Sb 2 O 3 /TiO 2 catalyst was made to obtain excellent catalytic activities, in terms of toluene conversion, selectivity to benzoic acid and life for the subject reaction. A variety of oxides as second additives to a V 2 O 5 -Sb 2 O 3 /TiO 2 catalyst were examined, and found that the addition of TeO 2 would attain marked enhancement in benzoic acid yield while maintaining high selectivity to benzoic acid. The optimum content of the additives was revealed to be 2 wt% in Sb203 and 2 wt% in TeO 2 . The effects of operating conditions on the catalytic activities were also investigated in detail. The effects of concentrations of both oxygen and toluene were firstly examined. The reaction order, in terms of toluene was found to be much higher than that of oxygen. Furthermore, the effects of space velocity and steam ratio were investigated to elucidate catalytic features of V2O 5 -Sb 2 O 3 /TiO 2 . In addition, a very long life was obtained, more than 100 h by using this catalyst system.


BACKGROUND
 The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has resulted in significant changes to adolescents' daily lives and, potentially, to their mental health. The pandemic has also disproportionately affected historically marginalized and at-risk communities, including people of color, socioeconomically disadvantaged people, and youth.

 OBJECTIVE
 This study aimed to understand differences in depression and anxiety among two groups of US adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine demographic and daily activity variables associated with depression and anxiety.

 METHODS
 Online surveys were distributed in 2019 and 2020. Analyses of covariance compared depression and anxiety between pre-pandemic and pandemic groups. Demographic and lifestyle variables were included as covariates.

 RESULTS
 Within the pandemic group, 94% of adolescents reported being out of school due to the pandemic, and another 86% and 57% were prevented from extracurricular activities or exercise, respectively. The pandemic group trended towards higher depression, with least squares adjusted means 7.62 ±1.36, compared to 6.28 ±1.42 (p=.08) in the pre-pandemic group. There was no significant difference in anxiety scores between pandemic and pre-pandemic groups, with least squares adjusted means 5.52 ±1.30 vs. 5.01 ±1.36 (p=.48). Within the pandemic group, lower socioeconomic status was predictive of anxiety, such that those in the pandemic group of lower SES were more anxious than their higher SES peers, with least squares adjusted means 11.17 ±2.34 vs. 8.66 ±2.16 (p=.02). Within the pandemic group, being out of work, school, extracurricular activities, or exercise due to the pandemic was not associated with higher depression or anxiety scores.

 CONCLUSIONS
 In the present study, neither being in the pandemic group, nor experiencing changes in daily activity due to the pandemic, were associated with higher depression or anxiety. However, we found that adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds experienced significantly more anxiety during the pandemic than their more privileged peers. Both instrumental and mental health interventions for less privileged adolescents are imperative.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 Not applicable


I propose a superoscillation measurement method for subdiffraction incoherent optical sources, with potential applications in astronomy, remote sensing, fluorescence microscopy, and spectroscopy. The proposal, based on coherent optical processing, can capture all the light on the aperture in principle, perform better than direct imaging on statistical terms, and approach the fundamental quantum limit.


We demonstrate the existence of an exactly marginal deformation, with derivative coupling, about the free theory of a $(2+1)$-dimensional charged, Lifshitz scalar with dynamic critical exponent $z=4$ and particle-hole asymmetry. We show that the other classically scale invariant interactions (consistent with translational and rotational invariance) break the scale symmetry at the quantum level and find a trace identity for the stress-energy-momentum tensor complex. We conjecture the existence of bound states of $(N+1)$-particles, as a manifestation of broken scale invariance, when we turn on an attractive, classically scale invariant, polynomial interaction in charged, scalar Lifshitz field theories with dynamic critical exponent $z=2N$, $n \in \mathbb{N}$.


Fluorescence, fluorescence excitation, and absorption spectra of room temperature vapors of 1,3,5,7-octatetraene, 1,3,5,7-nonatetraene, 2,4,6,8-decatetraene, and 2,4,6,8,10-dodecapentaene have been obtained. All four polyenes show dual (S{sub 1} {yields} S{sub 0} and S{sub 2}{yields}S{sub 0}) fluorescences with the ratios of the two emissions (2{sup 1}A{sub g} {yields} 1{sup 1}A{sub g} and 1{sup 1}B{sub u} {yields} 1{sup 1}A{sub g}) being sensitive to the extent of substitution. For example, the (S{sub 1} {yields} S{sub 0})/(S{sub 2} {yields} S{sub 0}) fluorescence yield ratio increases from 0.06 to 0.7 when terminal methyl groups are added to octatetraene. The gas-phase S{sub 2}-S{sub 1} energy gaps are almost identical for these two molecules (6,600 cm{sup {minus}1} for octatetraene versus 6,300 cm{sup {minus}1} for decatetraene), suggesting that the apparent difference in internal conversion efficiencies is due to the larger density of vibronic states in the methyl-substituted compounds. These results are discussed in relation to the previous gas-phase spectroscopy of octatetraene and shorter polyenes.


A new method of a reliable and real-time authentication is proposed. Finger geometry and feature extraction of the palmar flexion creases are integrated in discrete points of characteristics. A video image of either palm, palm placed freely facing toward a video camera in front of a low-reflective board, is acquired. Fingers are brought together without any constraints. Discrete feature point extraction for each of the four fingers involves: intersection points of the three digital (finger) flexion creases on the finger skeletal line; skeletal lengths of the finger segments between the three creases; distances between the intersection points and the corresponding points of the adjacent fingers. Discrete feature extraction for the palm involves: intersection points of the major palmar flexion creases on the extended finger skeletal line; orientation of the crease at each point of the intersection. These metrics define the feature vectors for matching. Matching results are perfect for 50 subjects so far. This point wise integration of the finger and palmar feature extraction, extracting enough feature from non contacting video image, requiring no time-consumptive palm print image analysis, and requiring less than one second processing time, will contribute to a real-time and reliable authentication.


Ball Grid Array (BGA) package has become a popular solution due to its small footprint, cost effectiveness, and insatiable demand for memory packaging. The mechanical strength of high density interconnect (HDI) of 16-layer Printed Circuit Board Assemblies (PCBAs) with memory packages is becoming very critical, especially for 3D NAND flash. In a variety of flash memory products, such as memory cards, USB Flash Drive or Solid State Drive (SSD), the mechanical robustness of PCBAs is becoming the key factor in product reliability. In a normal mechanical shock test performed in accordance with IPC-TM-650, Method 2.6.5, the boards were subjected three times to a shock pulse of 100 Gs with a duration of 6.5 milliseconds in each of the three principal planes. However, the requirements have been harsher in mobile gadget application. Mechanical shock testing is challenging because it is destructive and time consuming. Hundreds of designs need to pass the product reliability tests during development stage, so it's too expensive to conduct the experiment for all of them. In this study, simulation models of shock tests for memory packages on rigid board using Response Spectrum Method in Finite Element Models (FEM) have been developed under different applied acceleration values to examine the structural integrity of solder joints. The strain values on the M.2 form factor were estimated from the FEM and compared with experimental data. A series of post-layout M.2 designs were performed, and optimization analysis was conducted to improve mechanical reliability.


Abstract We demonstrate an estrogen independent involvement of ERα in TLR2 mediated expression of MCP1 in mesangial cells. In vitro treatment with the TLR2 ligands Pam3CysSK4, LTA and PGN-SA induced production of MCP1 in mesangial cells isolated from kidneys of female C57BL/6 mice in a dose dependent manner. Treatment with LTA to C57BL/6 mesangial cells was found to activate NF kB and induced its nuclear localization. Interestingly enough, we found LTA treatment induced phosphorylation of ERα in primary mesangial cells and also in SV40 virus transformed B6 mesangial cell line. Nuclear translocation of pERα (Ser118) was found in the LTA treated B6 mesangial cells. ERα selective antagonist MPP and NF kB antagonist TPCA1 attenuated MCP1 production in TLR2 ligand treated mesangial cells suggesting influence of pERα in NF kB dependent MCP1 gene expression. The LTA was found to induce DNA binding activity of NF kB in B6 mesangial cell line in a time dependent manner. Transient transfection with ERα siRNA was also found to reduce expression of MCP1 in Pam3CysSK4 treated mesangial cells. Taken together, our study indicates an unique role of ERα in modulation of TLR2-mediated signals in mesangial cells. Acknowledgement: We are thankful to the Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Ralph V Johnson VA research service, MUSC. The research support was provided by VA research service. We do not have any conflict of interests.


The Editor

Current Oncology

August 16, 2011

Re. Karam I, Melosky B. Response to second-line erlotinib in an EGFR mutation-negative patient with non-small-cell lung cancer: make no assumptions. Curr Oncol 2012;19:(**COMP: add page range once known**).

I agree with the statement in this publication that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) against the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) should be considered "for all [non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc)] patients in the second-line, third-line, or maintenance setting, including those patients who are EGFR mutationnegative." But it is vital to remember that not all such patients are eligible for egfr tkis. Patients with malabsorption, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, skin disease (rash), or interstitial lung disease are not good candidates for this treatment.

Mutations other than those on exon 19 or 21, the most frequent mutations of EGFR (as mentioned in the publication), are not routinely tested for. Would exon 18 or other EGFR mutations be positive in this patient? We rarely re-biopsy tumours at the time of disease progression, especially at the time of new metastatic disease after treatment failure. We have learned that mutations of resistance can develop 1 and that metastatic lesions do not necessarily have the same characteristics as the primary tumour. At the time of diagnosis, some tumours are combined small-cell and non-small-cell, but the small-cell component is not detected in the original biopsy. In the re-biopsy specimen, after disease progression, only small-cell tumor may be found 2. As additional specific targeted agents are developed for each line of treatment, individualized treatment based on new biopsy results will be more appropriate, even though it might be difficult to obtain further specimens or the patient might dislike the idea of re-biopsy.

Currently, egfr tkis in wild-type nsclc tumours—that is, in the second line—demonstrate the same modest efficacy as chemotherapy agents do (response rate, progression-free survival, median overall survival) 3–6, but the hope is to eventually replace such treatments with more specific, personalized treatments to further increase efficacy.

I agree that egfr tkis are the best option for the second-line treatments of wild-type EGFR lung tumors because they are less toxic and more convenient to administer. They can be administered for a longer period of time, even for more than 2 years (which is exceptional for chemotherapy agents), giving patients improved quality of life. In this palliative treatment setting, each line of treatment given to a patient has to be the best available, given the patient's eligibility. Remember that about 40% of patients are lost to each next-line therapy. Thus, until treatments that are more individualized are available, egfr tki should be available and funded even for wild-type nsclc tumours treated in the second line.

The authors did not mention the results of erlotinib trials such as eurtac 7 and optimal 8, which compared that agent with platinum doublets in first-line EGFR mutation-positive advanced nsclc patients, and which further supported egfr tkis for first-line treatment in that population.


The organisation of the National Salt Spreading Research Group (NSSRG) and the areas of research it has covered up to the year 2008 are briefly outlined. A review of research in 2008 concluded that a wider remit to cover all aspects of winter service would be appropriate and that the group should be renamed as the National Winter Service Research Group (NWSRG). Themes to be addressed have been defined and are grouped under the headings Safety and Risk, Access and Mobility, Cost and Value, Efficient Service Provision, Environment, Sustainability including Energy and Emissions and Asset Management Plans. A more detailed list is provided of research areas where strategies are required for the particular needs of the UK including prioritisation of routes, reduction in salt use, planning for extreme conditions and the use of alternative de-icing methods and materials. Research topics are being developed based on cost, benefit and the likelihood of success in producing a useful tool and with safety issues receiving the highest weighting.


The article analyzes the vice-frames of an automaticly unloading vehicle,which are in the case of fatigue crack,using the ANSYS,and obtains the results of the forces. Then the cause of vice-frames' fatigue crack is find.And it provides important data support for the factory.


Recognizing that there is an ethical dimension to conversation generally, I raise the question: What is the ethical impact of conversation in the classrdom? This is an important issue for democracies, where the quality of politics depends heavily on the quality of public discourse. Recently, university education has been criticized for fostering a moral relativism and partisanship that are weakening American civic life. I argue that the experience of critical inquiry conducted through classroom dialogue can cultivate precisely those ethical characteristics required of participants in the public life of a deliberative democracy.


Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a frequent and severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Its diagnosis in incipient stages may allow prompt interventions and an improved prognosis. Towards this aim, biomarkers for detecting early DN can be used. Microalbuminuria has been proven a remarkably useful biomarker, being used for diagnosis of DN, for assessing its associated condition—mainly cardiovascular ones—and for monitoring its progression. New researches are pointing that some of these biomarkers (i.e., glomerular, tubular, inflammation markers, and biomarkers of oxidative stress) precede albuminuria in some patients. However, their usefulness is widely debated in the literature and has not yet led to the validation of a new "gold standard" biomarker for the early diagnosis of DN. Currently, microalbuminuria is an important biomarker for both glomerular and tubular injury. Other glomerular biomarkers (transferrin and ceruloplasmin) are under evaluation. Tubular biomarkers in DN seem to be of a paramount importance in the early diagnosis of DN since tubular lesions occur early. Additionally, biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, podocyte biomarkers, and vascular biomarkers have been employed for assessing early DN. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current biomarkers used for the diagnosis of early DN.


Decomposition of cis,trans- and trans,trans-farnesyl diphenyl phosphates gives mixtures of both acyclic and cyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbons consisting of β-farnesene, cis-and trans-α-farnesenes, and cis-α- and trans-α-, β-, and γ-bisabolenes, together with small quantities of trans-nerolidol and bisabolol. The proportion of the cyclic hydrocarbons was greater from the cis,trans-farnesyl diphenyl phosphate. Solvolysis of geranyl chloride gives linalool and geraniol but no cyclic products. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed.


The relevance and feasibility of extracting residual gas from depleted gas deposits is shown. The possible directions of the extraction of residual gas from depleted gas deposits by its displacement from a porous medium of non-hydrocarbon gases are characterized. The use of nitrogen to displace natural gas from a porous medium has been substantiated. Using the GEM compositional modeling module, which is included in the licensed computer program CMG (Computer Modeling Group), studies were made of the effect of the pressure of the start of injection of nitrogen into the reservoir and the duration of its injection period on the gas recovery coefficient for residual gau. The study was conducted for deposits of square and round shape. The research results are presented in the form of graphical dependencies of the current reservoir pressure, nitrogen content in borehole products and gas recovery coefficient for residual gas from the pressure of the start of injection of nitrogen into the reservoir and the duration of the period of its injection. Using the results of the research, the optimal values of the parameters of the process of injecting nitrogen into the exhausted gas deposits of square and round forms and the corresponding values of the gas recovery coefficient were established. For the considered deposits of square and rounded forms, they are 0.29 Рin and 14.8 months, 0.31 Рin and 12.9 months, respectively. At the time of reaching the volumetric nitrogen content in the producing gas of 5 %, the gas recovery coefficient for residual gas for a square-shaped deposit is 83.91 %, for a round-shaped deposit – 77.49 %. The physical nature of the process of displacing residual gas with nitrogen from depleted gas deposits of square and round forms is characterized.


[As Immanuel Kant says, "to recognize that autonomy is the highest human good, humans have to disentangle themselves from the 'leading strings' by which the guardians priests, lawyers, and the rulers have made them 'domesticated animals'. According to Kant, only the enlightened can form a state. In the recent times, what Myanmar is strongly lacking, is a strong civil society. Ashley South is in favor not only does the country lack a strong civil society but has also proposed ideas as to what would enable the country to have a civil society in the future. Albert P. Blaustein states that states should be based on civic, rather ethnic or national principle. This will enable the people to have an equal stand in the society. There should not be any 'insider' or 'outsider. If a country is not homogenous in terms of religion, language, ethnicity or culture, then there needs to be a largely felt commitment to the rights of minority groups. Therefore, in the recent times, there has been a call for the formation of the second Panglong Agreement minority concerns and d that would address the determine the ethnic principles for the future union. Suu Kyi's idea of the second Panglong Agreement Conference was denounced by the state and therefore, the crisis of a union still stands firm in Myanmar. Further, according to Robert Conquest, even if democracy is brought about in a nondemocratic s democratic society, it cannot function without a fair level of political social stability (Conquest, 2004). The idea of Conquest is particularly true in the case of Myanmar because right after independence, when the country entered into democracy for a while, intense political instability and unrest resulted into the toppling of the newly formed democracy. Conquest further argues that there is a strong need to cultivate a civic culture in a civil society (when formed) in which various elements can express themselves politically. This idea can be strongly related to the recent situation of Myanmar where the country lacks both the civil society and the independence of the mass media. The answer to both the problems of the country would be invariably democracy but as of now, Thein Sien has taken steps to allow the mass media to express their views and carry on the reform process. If one has to imagine the prevalence of democracy in Myanmar in the future, even then, according to conquest, perfect social order is unobtainable in any democratic state] www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 1 January 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2101173 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 139


Objective: This study aims to have information about the functional levels, physical activity levels, depression levels, and quality of life of geriatric individuals in the restrictions experienced during the pandemic period and to examine the relationship between these variables. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 116 participants whose ages ranged from 65 to 87 years (overall sample: M = 72.44, SD = 5.75) were recruited via a snowball sampling strategy to answer to an online questionnaire. The four instruments used were The Functional Independence Measurement scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, The World Health Organization Quality of Life Module for the Elderly. Results: A significant regression model, F (3/110) = 23.16, p < 0.001, and 37% of the variance in the dependent variable (R2 adjusted = 0.37) explained by the independent variables. Accordingly, level of functional independence positively and significantly predicts quality of life, β = 0.44, t(110) = 5.43, p < 0.0001, pr2 = 0.21. Physical activity level positively and significantly predicts quality of life, β=0.2, t(110)=2.48, p = 0.015, pr2 = 0.05. Depression negatively and significantly predicts quality of life, β = -0.2, t(110) = -2.56, p = 0.012, pr2 = 0.06. Conclusion: Physical activity and functional independence levels significantly affect the quality of life positively, and depression affects the quality of life significantly negatively.


We consider the Dirac electron as a non-perturbative particle-like solution consistent with its own Kerr-Newman (KN) gravitational field.
In our previous works we regularized the model of electron suggested by Israel and Lopez on the base of KN solution. Our model of electron was shaped similar to the bag models - the thin superconducting disk coupled with circular string placed along its perimeter.
The specific feature of the KN string was its orientifold (two-faced) structure. In this work we use unique features of the Kerr-Schild coordinate system, which allows us to linearize Dirac equations in KN background, and obtain the exact solutions of the Dirac equations consistent with the KN gravitational and electromagnetic field.
 We show that the corresponding solution take the form of a massless relativistic string. Strong parallelism with quantum theory, which appears by our treatment, explains remarkable properties of the electron in relativistic scattering processes, which allow us to consider it as a point-like particle.


A study was made of ring incision and trimming the branches on little pawpaw in 2005 to 2007.The results showed that ring incision is no effect on pawpaw and opening angle of 60 ° of trimming the branches can significantly relax trees、depress parts of wattle,and increase efficient branches and the number of flowers to promote the pawpaw high yield early.


By expressing the solution of the nonlinear evolution equations as a linear combination of two undetermined functions and using the computer algebraic system Mathematica,more types of new exact solitary wave solutions to the two dimensional dispersive long wave equations are obtained in this paper.This method can also be used to find the exact solitary wave solutions of some other nonlinear evolution equations and can done on the computer.


Extension is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this material is available in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to 612‐625‐8233. Printed on recycled and recyclable paper with at least 10 percent postconsumer waste material.  Background: Railroads are a critical component of Minnesota's transportation infrastructure. Recent economic and industrial trends have increased demand for transportation by rail in Minnesota. As demand for rail transportation increases, railroad companies are investing in improvements to enhance efficiency to move freight throughout the system. Union Pacific is one railroad looking to improve its efficiency in Minnesota, specifically in its South St. Paul rail yard. Progress Plus, an economic development foundation of the River Heights Chamber of Commerce, commissioned University of Minnesota Extension to explore the rail yard's economic contribution. in 2013 to operate the South St. Paul yard. The railway employs 118 residents in the two counties, paying $7.4 million in compensation annually to those employees. Union Pacific has over 300 employees based from the rail yard. operations of the South St. Paul rail yard contribute an estimated $63.0 million in economic activity to the economy of Dakota and Ramsey counties. This includes an estimated $17.0 million of labor income for residents of the counties in 2013. The operations support an estimated 310 full and part-time jobs in the counties. rail yard generates an estimated $211.8 million of economic activity in Minnesota each year. This includes an estimated $52.0 million of labor income paid. The rail yard supports an estimated 915 jobs in Minnesota.  Top Industries Effected: Expenditures for goods and services by Union Pacific have high impacts on the engineering and architectural services industry and on the real estate industry in Ramsey and Dakota counties. Expenditures by employees of Union Pacific have high impacts on health care and real estate in the counties.  Economic Contribution of Increased Freight Capacity: Increased efficiency in the rail yard has the potential to increase the level of throughput in the yard. If Union Pacific increases its expenditures by 5 percent (projected short-term growth level), then the economic contribution of the South St. Paul rail yard in Dakota and Ramsey counties would increase to an estimated $66.6 million each year, including 330 jobs and $17.8 million in labor income. If Union Pacific increases its expenditures by 25 percent (projected long-term growth level), then the economic contribution of …


Software change impact analysis (CIA) is a key technique for identifying unpredicted and potential effects caused by changes made to software. Different change types often have different impact mechanisms, even some changes do not impact other entities in programs in spite of some dependences existed between these entities and the modified entity. In this paper, we propose a static CIA technique, which considers different impact mechanisms and rules of different change types, to calculate the impact sets. Precision improvement of the impact sets relies on 3 aspects: change types of a modified entity, dependences between the modified entity and other entities, and the intuition that to win at the start -- if the initial impact set is estimated more accurately, then the final impact set depending on this initial impact set will be more precise. Experimental case study demonstrates the effectiveness of our technique, and its potential applications in software maintenance.


Introduction The Border Issue at the Wartime Conferences Interpreting the Potsdam Agreement The Deterioration of U.S.-Polish Relations The Establishment of Two Germanys Eisenhower's First Term The Impact of the "Polish October" The Kennedy and Johnson Administrations Nixon to Bush Selected Bibliography Index


The issues related to road safety and the complexity of the driving task present a continuously increasing burden for the driver. In order to support this task, the existing on-board systems in vehicles primarily display visual messages, forcing drivers to move their eyes from the road. This paper presents a survey of studies related to perception and cognitive attention of drivers when this information is presented on the windshield (Head-Up Displays). Past research has suggested that this technology is considered as a possible solution for reducing the time and frequency of drivers moving their eyes of traffic. However, this technology brings its own challenges that are discussed in this paper. Augmented Reality concept is also presented because this solution adds new challenges to the technology as the risk of occlusion of real objects that are relevant to the traffic as well as phenomena like perception tunneling and cognitive capture.


We report an improvement of the technique for concentrating hepatitis A virus. Different types of ultrafiltration membranes were evaluated. MMPA +-0.2 membranes have demonstrated the best efficiency. This type of membranes increases PCR diagnostic sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. A method for detecting minimal amounts of the virus in the water has been developed. The proposed methods can enhance the efficiency of virological monitoring of water bodies and sources in order to prevent HAV transmission through water.


In the literature, the relationship between musculoskeletal diseases and the age of patients is more and more often mentioned. One of the diseases that arouses great interest of clinicians due to its prevalence is the degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Increasingly younger patients reporting spinal pain, together with low availability of literature on the relationship between the disease and age, indicate the need for a broader analysis of the topic. The work presents available information on osteoarthritis and biological age. The problems of diagnostic tools and bone marrow changes that result from the aging process were discussed.
Analyzing the available literature reveals the relationship between the aging process and the development of degenerative changes, as well as the need to undertake EBM-based studies to verify the relationship between the incidence of spine degenerative disease and its risk factors.


Abstract Background The IDSA and American Thoracic Society (IDSA/ATS) Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) guidelines recommend 5 days of therapy for clinically stable patients that defervesce, however, duration of therapy (DOT) is often longer. Pharmacists curb this via antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), but budgetary constraints are barriers to robust AMS programs in some hospitals. Physicians are increasingly encouraged to participate in quality improvement (QI) and are a potential resource to improve AMS. We sought to determine the impact of a prospective, physician-driven stewardship intervention on DOT and clinical outcomes in hospitalized veterans with CAP, with the goal to reduce the median DOT by at least 1 day within 5 months. Methods This single center, quasi-experimental QI study evaluated two concurrent physician-driven interventions over a 5-month period in an inner-city Veterans Affairs Hospital. Using DMAIC (Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) methodology, the Chief Resident in Quality and Safety (CRQS) provided monthly education and daily audit and feedback with patient-specific DOT recommendations. Clinical outcomes were followed until 30 days post discharge. Results A total of 123 patients with CAP were included (57 in the historic control group and 66 in the AMS intervention group). The AMS intervention significantly increased the proportion of CAP patients treated with a 5-day treatment course (56% versus 5.3%, p< 0.0001), and reduced the proportion of patients treated beyond 7 days (12.1% versus 70.2%, p< 0.0001). Median DOT per patient was reduced significantly (5 versus 8 days, p< 0.0001). Median excess antibiotic days were significantly reduced (0 versus 3, p< 0.0001) and 118 days of unnecessary antibiotics were avoided (62 versus 180). 30-day all-cause mortality, all-cause readmission, and Clostridium difficile infection were similar between groups. Median LOS was similar between groups (p=0.246). DOT in the Historic Control Group Versus Stewardship Intervention Group Conclusion A physician driven QI stewardship intervention in hospitalized CAP patients significantly reduced the total antibiotic DOT and excess antibiotic days without adversely affecting patient outcomes. Providers can be educated through physician driven interventions resulting in substantial improvements in appropriate antibiotic use. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


The wings of male oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel; melon flies, D. cucurbitac Coquillett; and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), all have deeper and more sharply incised wing margins at the distal tip of Cu1+1A than the females. However, the difference is most evident in melon flies and least evident in Mediterranean fruit flies. In addition, the male Mediterranean fruit fly has an emargination at the terminus of M3+M4 that is not found in the female. Any supposed mating call of male oriental fruit flies or melon flies resulting from stridulation of the wings on the abdominal cilia (or produced in any other manner) was not necessary for mating and insemination, judged from the percentages of egg hatch for females paired in an ambient laboratory environment with males with the wings removed. Male Mediterranean fruit flies do not have abdominal cilia.


International Monetary Funding agency acts as lender of the last resort for all the countries. Pakistan availed so many times the IMF loans since 1958's but still the status of the country is not improved to be amongst the developed countries. The study is undertaken to discuss about the effect of IMF loan upon the economic development of Pakistan. The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of IMF loans upon improving socio-economic dynamics of the residents of Pakistan. However, the study seeks to answer the question of whether IMF interest-based financing serves to develop Pakistan's economy or undermines economic development in Pakistan. The qualitative research methodology is applied subjectively in order to build conceptual framework by applying inductive paradigm. It is expected that IMF loans for Pakistan has undermined the economic development in Pakistan and has widened the miseries of economically disadvantaged people of Pakistan in terms of compromising their rights to health, food and quality of life because it is based upon interest which goes against Islamic Shariah as well as against Islamic identity of the country. Moreover, Pakistan pays certain cost towards availing IMF debt financing upon interest


The multilayer thermoplastic film structure comprising two or more layers are described. One layer comprises a single polyester polymer of the polyolefin material comprises a polypropylene, and a thickness of the second layer is less than 3 micrometers having a melting point of 90 ℃ to 105 ℃. Film structure are particularly suitable for the substrate, for example, it laminated on a paper or paper board.


Teale and Weber,' from studies of absorption and singlet emission spectra for the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophane and from the number of amino acid residues and the dimensions of ordinary globular proteins, point out that internal transfer of excitation energy must occur in proteins. They postulate a transfer between phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophane, and heme, the energy being passed from earlier to later members of this series The calculations reported in this paper give not only quantitative corroboration to this concept but emphasize that such a flow of energy should be essentially unidirectional. In Figure 1 we present the absorption and fluorescent spectra for the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophane and the absorption spectra for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide and oxidized riboflavin. An examination of these spectra reveals a considerable overlap of the amino acid emission spectra with their own absorption spectra and with the absorption spectra of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide and oxidized riboflavin. The possibility that these spectral overlaps may provide a mechanism for the resonance transfer of excitation energy prompted us to evaluate this possibility quantitatively. Using the theory of F6rster2 as applied by Karreman and Steele,3 we have calculated critical distances, Ro (that distance, in A, between an energy donor and an acceptor molecule over which excitation energy may be transferred by resonance with the same probability that it may be emitted as fluorescence), for the several pair systems between which resonance transfer of energy may occur. Critical distances were calculated with the formula (Fbrster;4 Karreman and Steele3),


Computers have served as an enabling technology for prediction or modeling, and as a result, modeling is now widely recognized as the third leg of science. Furthermore, computer modeling is extremely cost-effective relative to traditional prototyping and experimentation, and thus it is rapidly displacing them in scientific and engineering practice. Supercomputers greatly extend our modeling capabilities by enabling us to


ABSTRACT

Intention of this research is to depict the condition of social change of society of Hena Lima pasca of disaster of floods of Wae Ela Yar 25 July 2013. Data collecting done by observation, interview and documentation. Research informan is society of victim of disaster of floods of Wae Ela Yar, elite figure, governmental of Hena Lima. this Research Result that first; the happening of social life change of society of pasca of disaster of floods Wae Ela marked with the change of at regional layout of resident housing, social relation of neighbour and consanquinity progressively go away the, change also at education systems, change of at social class status of society, individual attitude. [Both/ second]; Economic life change of society namely immeasurable progressively it society living among others as building labour, merchant, and other service work. Affect the change cause the society progressively individualism, estranged public relations progressively and more egoist having the character of and also feel depend on relief fund floods.

Keywords: Social Change, Hena Lima, Floods


The first example of NO insertion into a Bi-C bond has been found in the direct reaction of NO with a Bi(3+) complex of the unusual (C6H2tBu2-3,5-O-4)(2-) oxyaryl dianionic ligand, namely, Ar'Bi(C6H2tBu2-3,5-O-4) [Ar' = 2,6-(Me2NCH2)2C6H3] (1). The oximate complexes [Ar'Bi(ONC6H2-3,5-tBu2-4-O)]2(μ-O) (3) and Ar'Bi(ONC6H2-3,5-tBu2-4-O)2 (4) were formed as a mixture, but can be isolated in pure form by reaction of NO with a Bi(3+) complex of the [O2C(C6H2tBu2-3-5-O-4](2-) oxyarylcarboxy dianion, namely, Ar'Bi[O2C(C6H2tBu2-3-5-O-4)-κ(2)O,O']. Reaction of 1 with Ph3CSNO gave an oximate product with (Ph3CS)(1-) as an ancillary ligand, (Ph3CS)(Ar')Bi(ONC6H2-3,5-tBu2-4-O) (5).


The body of this contribution presents some neuroepistemological considerations leading to the suggestion that it is necessary to reconsider current mathematical tools in order to bridge the gap between neurobiology and psychology. It is hoped that modern developments in physics can be taken over into psychological experiment and analysis in such a way as to allow for the construction of testable, hermeneutic models.


BACKGROUND: Many people use the Internet for obtaining information about their medications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether information about antidepressants on popular websites reflects the scientific evidence and enables people to make informed choices. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using a checklist with 14 predefined criteria of 39 websites from 10 countries. RESULTS: All 39 websites mentioned the benefits of antidepressants. Twenty-nine (74%) websites attributed depression to a "chemical imbalance" or claimed they could fix an imbalance. Sexual dysfunction was mentioned as a harmful effect on 23 (59%) websites while five (13%) mentioned emotional numbing. Twenty-five (64%) stated that antidepressants may cause increased suicidal ideation, but 23 (92%) of them contained incorrect information, and only two (5%) websites noted that the suicide risk is increased in people of all ages. Twenty-eight websites (72%) warned patients about withdrawal effects but only one stated that antidepressants can be addictive. CONCLUSIONS: None of the websites met our predefined criteria. The information was generally inaccurate and unhelpful and has potential to lead to inappropriate use and overuse of antidepressants and reduce the likelihood that people will seek better options for depression like psychotherapy.


—It is well known that communication systems are susceptible to strong impulsive noises. To combat this, convo-lutional coding has long served as a cost-efficient tool against moderately frequent memoryless impulses with given statistics. Nevertheless, impulsive noise statistics are difficult to model accurately and are typically not time-invariant, making the system design challenging. In this paper, because of the lack of knowledge regarding the probability density function of impulsive noises, an efficient decoding scheme was devised for single-carrier narrowband communication systems; a design parameter was incorporated into recently introduced joint erasure marking and Viterbi decoding algorithm, dubbed the metric erasure Viterbi algorithm (MEVA). The proposed scheme involves incorporating a well-designed clipping operation into a Viterbi algorithm, in which the clipping threshold must be appropriately set. In contrast to previous publications that have resorted to extensive simulations, in the proposed scheme, the bit error probability performance associated with the clipping threshold was characterized by deriving its Chernoff bound. The results indicated that when the clipping threshold was judiciously selected, the MEVA can be on par with its optimal maximum-likelihood decoding counterpart under fairly general circumstances.


In 1960, the problem that has no name burst like a boil through the image of the happy American housewife. In the television commercials the pretty housewives still beamed over their foaming dishpans ... But the actual unhappiness of the American housewife was suddenly being reported ... although almost everybody who talked about it found some superficial reason to dismiss it. It was attributed to incompetent appliance repairmen (New York Times), or the distances children must be chauffeured in the suburbs (Time). (1) Betty Friedan in The Feminine Mystique identifies a problem that has no name by evoking what lies behind the image of the happy American housewife. What lies behind this image bursts through, like a boil, exposing an infection underneath her beaming smile. Friedan proceeds by exposing the limits of this public fantasy of happiness. The happy housewife is a fantasy figure that erases the signs of labour under the sign of happiness. The claim that women are happy, and that this happiness is behind the work they do, functions to justify gendered forms of labour not as products of nature, law or duty, but as an expression of a collective wish and desire. How better to justify an unequal distribution of labour, than to say that such labour makes people happy? How better to secure consent to unpaid or poorly paid labour than to describe such consent as the origin of good feeling? You could say that images of happy housewives have been replaced by rather more desperate ones. I would argue that there is a diversification of affects tied to this figure, which gives her a more complex affective life, but that this does not necessarily dislodge the happiness that is presumed to reside in 'what' she does, even in descriptions of relative unhappiness. After all, explanations of relative unhappiness can also function to restore the power of an image of the good life. As Friedan shows, the unhappiness of the housewife is attributed to what is around her (such as the incompetent repair men), rather than the position she occupies. Unhappiness would here function as a sign of frustration, of being 'held back' or 'held up' from doing what makes her happy. It is hence far from surprising that a recent study on happiness in the US suggested that feminist women are less happy than 'traditional housewives', as the American journalist Meghan O'Rourke explores in her aptly name article, 'Desperate Feminist Wives'. (2) Unhappiness is used as a way of signalling the need to return to something that has been lost: as if what we have lost in losing this or that is the very capacity to be happy. Happiness becomes in other words a defence of 'this and that'. As Simone de Beauvoir argued in The Second Sex: 'it is always easy to describe as happy the situation in which one wishes to place them'. (3) Happiness functions as a displacement of a social wish, and a defence against an imagined future of loss. It is important to note here that the political question of what makes people happy has acquired some urgency. Commentators have described a 'crisis' in happiness, where the crisis is announced through a narrative of disappointment: the accumulation of wealth has not meant the accumulation of happiness. For example, Layard begins his science of happiness with what he describes as a paradox, 'as Western societies have got richer, their people have become no happier'. (4) What makes this crisis 'a crisis' in the first place is of course the regulatory effect of a social belief: that more wealth 'should' have made people happier. In his book, Layard uses an evolutionary model to suggest that 'what makes us feel good (sex, food, love, friendship and so on) is also generally good for our survival'. (5) Survival here involves not just reproduction of the species, but also social reproduction: through marriage, core values are transmitted, as values that provide the foundations for a good life as well as the biological materials for new life. …


When the Prophet Muhammad died in 632 AH., the Islamic territory spread out not only in Madinah, but also  throughout the Arab peninsula. After Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan defeated Ali bin Abi Thalib, the fourth caliph of Islam, in the battle of Shiffin, he founded a dynasty called after his name, the Muawwid Dynasty. It was in the epoch of Muawiyah that the style of governance, which in the period of al-Khulaf  al-Rasyidun  was still democratic, became a monarchic system of governance. From the epoch of Muawiyah's rule in Damascus onwards, the Dynasty  was ruled based on his offspring. Therefore, it was Muawiyah the first political leader of Islam who implemented the monarchic government system throughout the history of Political Islam. Kata Kunci: Dinasti Umayyah, sistem pemerintahan demokrasi, sistem pemerintahan monarki


A stochastic approach has been developed to evaluate soil erosion from overland flow. The primary hydrological factors in erosion processes are discussed - precipitation and overland flow. Probabilistic properties of soil erosion have been investigated. A mathematical conceptual model has been used to simulate overland flow and erosion. Overland flow has been simulated as unsteady and spatially varied flow, erosion has been simulated as the process of detachment and transport of soil particles due to the effects of rainfall and runoff. (A)


Background As most HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have concurrent cirrhosis, it is important to clarify the association of viral factors with ACLF with or without cirrhosis. Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the association of HBV genotypes and mutations with ACLF development underlying different chronic liver diseases. Patients and Methods Eighty-seven ACLF patients including 29 patients with chronic hepatitis (ACLF-CHB) and 58 patients with liver cirrhosis (ACLF-LC) were enrolled. Age and sex matched patients with chronic hepatitis (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC) were enrolled as controls. The genotypes and mutations at HBV basic core promoter (BCP), precore (PC), and partial C regions were determined by nested PCR and direct sequencing. Results Our results revealed significantly higher incidences (P < 0.05) of genotype B with C1913A/G or A1846T in patients with ACLF-CHB than those with CHB; genotype C with C1913A/G or A1846T in patients with ACLF-CHB and ACLF-LC than those with CHB and LC, respectively. Multivariable analysis indicated that A1846T and C1913A/G mutations were independent factors for ACLF (OR = 2.86 and 5.93, respectively), suggesting an association between the mutations and development of ACLF. In addition, there were no significant differences in mutations at T1753V, A1762T, G1764A, G1896A, and G1899A which were found between either CHB and ACLF-CHB or LC and ACLF-LC patients, suggesting no associations of these mutations with ACLF development. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CHB or LC patients infected with HBV A1846T and C1913A/G mutants are more susceptible to develop ACLF.


In this project, we developed three different sets of classification algorithms to classify different ship types based on color (RGB) images of ships. An image of a ship is the input to our classification algorithms, which are mainly bag of features, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and SVM along with some preprocessing. The best-performing of these is CNN, and is able to classify a given ship into its corresponding category with an accuracy probability of 0.8822 when using 10 different classes of ships.


We will study fermionic systems like atomic nuclei and bosonic systems like the correlated atoms in a trap from an information-theoretical point of view. The Shannon and Onicescu information measures are calculated for the above systems by comparing the correlated and uncorrelated cases as functions of the strength of the short range correlations. One-body and two-body density and momentum distributions are employed. Thus, the effect of short-range correlations on the information content is evaluated. The magnitude of distinguishability between the correlated and uncorrelated densities is also discussed employing suitable measures for the distance of states i.e. the well known Kullback–Leibler relative entropy and the recently proposed Jensen–Shannon divergence entropy. We will see that the same information-theoretical properties hold for quantum many-body systems obeying Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac (statistics).


The increasing amount and complexity of cyber security attacks in recent years have made text analysis and data-mining based techniques an important factor in detecting security threats. However, despite the popularity of text and other data mining techniques, the cyber security community has remained somehow reluctant in adopting an open approach to security-related data. In this paper, we analyze a dataset that has been collected from five Small and Medium companies in South Korea, this dataset represents cyber security incidents and response actions. We investigate how the data representing different incidents collected from multiple companies can help improve the classification accuracy and help the classifiers in distinguishing between different types of incidents. A model has been developed using text mining methods, such as n-gram, bag-of-words and machine learning algorithms for the classification of incidents and their response actions. Experimental results have demonstrated good performance of the classifiers for the prediction of different types of response and malware.


ABSTRACT This study examines the dynamics of the digital divide between middle- and low-income groups of 44 African countries in the context of three technologies – mobile cellular, Internet, and fixed broadband – from 2000 to 2015. At the macro level, the relative digital divide has been narrowing at the annual rates from 11.3% to 0.72%, while the absolute digital divide has been widening at the annual rates from 31.33% to 17.11%. At the microlevel, convergence analysis indicates that a catch-up process has taken place in both income groups, with the low-income group displaying a faster catch-up speed in all three technologies. Combining the findings from the macro and the microlevel of the analysis revealed a positive relationship between the increasing rates of the absolute digital divide and the annual rate of catch-up by the low-income group. The faster is the increasing rate of the absolute digital divide, the faster the speed of catch-up by the low-income group of countries becomes. Several policy implications from these findings are discussed.


The emotional damage suffered by girls who were victims of family sexual abuse is discussed, and the method and scope of group treatment for these adolescents are outlined. Group treatment neutralizes victims' excessive feelings of guilt and eliminates depression during adult years.


The main goal of the GTB-WFT project was to publish the the monumental Dictionary of the Frisian Language GTB-WFT (Wurdboek fan 'e Fryske Taal, WFT) in the CLARIN research infrastructure, according to open, CLARIN-compliant standards. This has been achieved by 1) curation of the dictionary data, resulting in a wellstructured TEI-conformant encoding and 2) publication of the dictionary in the INL dictionary portal, together with the main historical dictionaries of Dutch. The project was carried out by two Clarin partners, the Fryske Akademy in Leeuwarden and the INL, the Dutch Institute for Lexicology in Leiden. The dictionary has been online now for more than five years and has served many users, assisting both researchers and general users interested in the Frisian language. In this paper we look back on the project and discuss the use of the dictionary application by analyzing the retrieval application logs and by providing a use case, exemplifying how the dictionary can be used for historical lexicographical research. The paper concludes with some suggestions for the improvement and enhancement of the online version of the WFT.


ABSTRACT Entrepreneurship in the sports sector plays a key role in the increasing demand for sports professionals that possess entrepreneurial skills. Universities may help build the skills of sports science graduates by adopting educational policies to promote entrepreneurship. However, the capabilities that must be achieved to this end, and other factors, are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand what perceived capabilities, internal factors (entrepreneurial courses), and external factors (environment) influence entrepreneurial intentions of students of physical activity and sport sciences. To achieve these goals, we analysed a sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students from the University of Valencia (n = 578). The results indicated that the perceived entrepreneurial capacity to create an enterprise and the perceived entrepreneurial capacity to become an entrepreneur are two explanatory variables of intentions for these students. In addition, statistically significant differences were noted between the entrepreneurship training groups. Entrepreneurial capacities to create enterprises and become entrepreneurs should be promoted to encourage the entrepreneurial spirit among students of physical activity and sport sciences. Therefore, university education as a component of policies to promote entrepreneurship will increase the number of entrepreneurs in the sports industry.


The invention for example YBCO 1 through the coating technique: 2: that, the powder bulb composition of the 3 appropriate pre-mixed powder bulb composition as a precursor for obtaining a coating solution required for manufacturing the thin film superconductor based on the appropriate salts of the components , in particular trifluoromethyl acetate include (trifluoroacetate), and acetate salts thereof.


Bis-pyridinium oximes connected by xylene linkers were synthesised and their in-vitro reactivation efficacy was evaluated for DFP inhibited AChE. The reactivation efficacy data were compared with those of 2-PAM and obidoxime. However, it was observed that none of these oximes were able to surpass the reactivation efficacy of 2-PAM and obidoxime in reactivating DFP inhibited AChE. 2-PAM and obidoxime respectively exhibited 52 per cent and 43 per cent reactivation of DFP inhibited AChE, where as the synthesised oximes 3a, 3d, and 3f showed 37 per cent, 30 per cent, and 31 per cent reactivation, respectively within 10 min at 10-3 M.


Teachers of emotionally disturbed children have long been concerned with the development of attending to task and academic performance behaviors as educational programing priorities for their students. Strategies for each of these behaviors can be found in the literature, but little data is available to support an interrelationship between both behaviors. Shores and Haubrich (1969) demonstrated that the study cubicle increases attending to task but has no concurrent effect of increasing academic performance. Hall, Lund, and Jackson (1970) and others have demonstrated that contingent reinforcement for attending to task behavior increased attending to task, but concurrent increases in academic performances were not documented. Thus, if a teacher used either strategy, attending to task could be expected, but concurrent increases in academic performance should not be considered. Increased academic performance through the use of contingent reinforcement has been adequately documented in the literature (Nolan, Kunzleman, & Haring, 1967; Lovitt & Esveldt, 1970); however, little supportive data is available to demonstrate a relation between academic performance and attending behavior. The classroom teacher needs to have specific techniques, clarified in terms of effect, to more adequately program within the educational setting.


Oocysts of Cryptospor: dium baileyi isolated from ducks were orally inoculated into thirty guinea fowls to observe the development of this organism by scanning electron microscope. A large number of spherical organisms with different sizes were embeded in the mi crovilli of the tracheas and bursas of Fabricius (BF). The cilia of tracheas were lost, and the microvilli became fused. Detached epithelial cells were sometimes observed on the mucosal surface of tracheas. There was host cell protruding on BF, with several organisms on.its surface. The trophozoite was spherical, averaged 1. 7um in size. The trophozite developed into the schizont, in which four or eight merozoites were formed. The mature merozoites were banana-shaped, and located within the parasitophorous vacuole. After removing from the parasitophorous vacuole, the merozoites dispersed to look for suitable sites of invasion. in the early stage of invasion, the meroxoite attached its anterior end to the epithelial cells followed by swelling of the anterior end. Finally, the merozoite developed into trophozoite. The trophozoite underwent subsequently schizogony or gametegony. The well-developed macrogametocyte was 4. 2× 3. 3μm in size, and the serrated prominences could be seen on the lateral aspect of the macrogametocyte. Oocysts having the characteristic cleft were found only occassionly. Two forms of crater-like structures were observed. One of them, possessing a residual body at its base, was .formed after the merozoites or microgametes escaped. The other, characterized by a feeder organelle at its base, was formed after the oocyst left.


No Child Left Behind (2001) legislation emphasizes the use of large-scale assessments in evaluating student proficiency in core academic areas. Classroom-based measures of proficiency, such as research projects, classroom assessments, and homework assignments, also provide rich data regarding students' academic progress. This article articulates three areas where classroom-based measures can complement the large-scale assessment data used in NCLB reports of school, district and state progress: 1) Alignment of curriculum to state standards, 2) Assessment of student achievement, and 3) Identifying strategies for teaching in a diverse classroom. Making links between classroom instruction, student work, and large-scale assessment will be critical to understanding the mechanisms behind gains in proficiency. The article concludes with an example of possible methods for classroom-based research in the context of NCLB.


After stroke, the most prevalent neurological disorder is epilepsy. The sudden occurrence of the seizures which are unpredictable in nature can cause great harm to epileptic patients thereby leading to a poor quality of lifestyle for them. The transient abnormal behaviour of neurons in the brain is seizures which limits the mental and physical activities of the patient. To measure the electrical potential from the activities of the neurons, Electroencephalography (EEG) is used as it is noninvasive in nature. The recordings are done for a long period of time and so processing the entire data becomes too hectic. Therefore in this paper, Sparse Principal Component Analysis, (SPCA) is utilized to reduce the dimensions of the data and then it is classified with the help of Soft Decision Tree (SDT) Classifier. The results show an average accuracy of 96.83%, an average Performance Index of about 94.69% and an average Time Delay of about 1.99 is obtained.


Members of the Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC) have isolated various populations of myogenic cells from the postnatal skeletal muscle of normal mice by means of the cells' adhesion characteristics, proliferation behavior, and myogenic and stem cell marker expression profiles. Most of these cell populations have displayed characteristics similar to those of skeletal muscle satellite cells; however, we also have identified a unique population of muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs). The MDSCs exhibit long‐term proliferation and high self‐renewal abilities, increased resistance to stress, and multipotency with the ability to differentiate, in vitro and in vivo, into a variety of tissue types including: muscular (skeletal and cardiac), neural, endothelial, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. In contrast to other myogenic cell types, MDSCs are very efficient at engrafting and regenerating a variety of musculoskeletal tissues due to their increased ability to survive post‐implantation because of their high expression of anti‐oxidants. MDSCs activate host cells and are influenced by environmental cues released within injured tissues, which have been shown to impact the MDSCs regenerative capacity in various tissues. Some of the results regarding the crosstalk between the donor cells and host cells/tissues will be presented. Potential strategies are being explored to increase angiogenesis and prevent scar tissue formation within injured tissues as a means to further improve the regenerative potential of these cells. Finally recent results will be presented that suggest that the blood vessel walls harbor several cell types, including myo‐endothelial cells and pericytes that are likely the place of origin of the murine MDSCs discussed above. These human blood vessels derived cells are being tested for their regenerative potential in various tissues. The results outlined above open new avenues by which researchers could use muscle stem cell–based gene therapy and tissue engineering to improve tissue regeneration.


With the development of technology, the effect of emulation is increasing gradually while the use of emulation in many fields is also growing wider gradually. More and more military and civil departments are hoping to replace the actual exercitation or effect testing by emulation technology, to reduce the cost as much as possible. The emulation of a parachute system landing in the virtual environment by using the technology of OpenGL and VC is designed and realized. The technology of OpenGL is first introduced, then the paper discusses how to set up the 3D-graphics to realize the emulation by modeling and introduces the painting of the launch environment. Finally, the result view of the simulation is brought forward, and it can basically show the process of the parachute launching.


The development of BepiColombo mission is proceeding, in view of the launch, foreseen for 2014. This mission will perform a thorough study of the planet Mercury and its environment. An important set of scientific objectives is constituted by the so–called Radio Science Experiments (RSE), which will study the gravitational field and rotation of the planet, and will perform very precise tests of general relativity theory. In order to reach the required level of accuracy in recovering the relevant parameters, the data coming from the high–sensitivity ISA (Italian Spring Accelerometer) instrument onboard the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) will be used: this will be the first time for a deep–space probe.