The warehouse is one part of a company that is holding an important role in the supply chain as a link between producers with the consumer. One of the most dominant activities in warehouse operations is the order picking process. This activity is very important because it directly affects consumer services. Even order picking generally spends around 55 % of total warehouse operating costs. The purpose of this paper is to build a framework that affects the order picking process using the Genetic Algorithm method. Some variables that influence the order picking process, especially the efficiency of order picking time include travel time, search time, pick time, setup time, number of workers and efficiency of workers. One of the causes of the high time of orders picking is the preparation of products that are not right in the warehouse. Genetic algorithms are used to find the best combination of product compilation. So that it is expected that improvements in the order picking process can improve warehouse efficiency.


Stainless steel is generally chosen for service condition where corrosion and oxidation resistance is important. Generally, steels with more than 12% Cr is self-passivating and is known as stainless steel. This is mainly due to formation of protective pasaive film of Cr 2 O 3 on the steel surface at this percentage of Cr. Among the stainless steels, Austenitic stainless steel is widely used in chemical industries due to its greater corrosion resistance. Austenitic S.S. contains 18% Cr, 8% Ni and 0.03 to 0.08% C. During welding, weld metal and surrounding heat affected zone undergoes certain metallurgical and chemical changes due to heating and cooling cycle especially at the temperature range of about 427 - 899° C, the carbon in SS migrates to the grain boundaries and combines with chromium to form chromium carbides. This phenomenon is called as sensitization, which gives depletion of chromium and the lowering of corrosion resistance in areas adjacent to the grain boundaries. This not only affects its corrosion resistance but also mechanical properties because of Inter - granular corrosion (IGC), which is one of the major problems of Austenitic S.S. Sensitization may also result from slow cooling from annealing temperatures, stress relieving that occurs at sensitizing range, or welding. Due to the longer time at temperature of annealing or stress relieving, it is possible that the entire piece of material will be sensitized, whereas the shorter time at temperature characteristics of welding can result in sensitization of a band, adjacent to but slightly distance from the weld, known as Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). There are five tests for detecting IGC in stainless steel as per ASTM - A262. In the paper an attempt has been made to give detailed analytical report / procedure of ASTM-A262, Practice'' far understanding IGC of AISI 304 and titanium stabilized stainless steel, AISI 321.


This paper examines the acquisition of tense-aspect morphology in thirty children acquiring Turkish and three children acquiring Korean. It was found that (1) both Korean and Turkish children use first past marking predominantly with accomplishment and achievement verbs, (2) those children (Korean and Turkish) frequently use the verbs which involve telicity in their past references and (3) Turkish children start using adverbs predominantly with accomplishment verbs. The acquisition of past markers shows similarity crosslinguistically. Therefore, the universality of the phenomenon must be related to a general theory of tense/aspect systems. The results show that the pattern of the development should be attributed either to children's sensitivity to the prominent final phase of result right after the telic point in aspect and/or prototype formation by children and to a certain extent to input.


Public–private joint ventures (PPJVs) have a stronger partnership element than standard public–private partnerships (PPPs) but PPJVs are under-researched despite this important partnership element. This article derives knowledge of incentives and barriers to goal alignment in healthcare PPJVs.,An in-depth case study of the UK's Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) model including three PPJVs and 34 individual projects was conducted.,The main economic incentives are future opportunities creating a strong shadow of the future. This is supplemented by social incentives such as the ability to have a social impact. Enlarging the shadow of the future can encourage both parties to think long-term, avoiding short-term opportunism.,PPJV is a promising model for partnership. However, complexity through fragmented public sector partners and the financial structure can create barriers for goal alignment.,This study challenges earlier research studies based on PPJV by providing evidence that the long-term nature of PPJV, especially the potential of new projects, enables the public sector to get more engagement from the private sector.


Competition understood as the effort of schools to achieve the highest scores and to be among the best
institutions is not a new phenomen. What is in some sense new is a growing social interest about this issue.
The polish educational system is currently more open to european politic standards of education which
favour comparison among schools' achievements and emphasis on educational outcomes. At the same time,
schools are still considered institutions with a mission, a none the less important role to educate the youth
in solidarity, openness to others, capicity to share with others one's intellectual potentials. A wise oscillation
between the public (for the public benefit) and the competitive aspect of education is now an essential
challenge schools have to face.


VERTEBRAL osteochondritis is a condition arising, mainly in the second decade of life, as a result of pathological changes at the junction of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs. Like the changes which occur at the same site in later years as a result of the normal ageing process, the changes in the vertebral osteochondritis of youth appear to be essentially degenerative rather than inflammatory, but with the profound difference that the affected tissues are still in a stage of active growth and differentiation. The condition does not give rise to a single clinical picture, for the pathological process varies in degree, in the part of the spine affected, and in permanence. In 1920 Scheuermann defined one clinical form of the condition as it occurs in the thoracic spine under the name of kyphosis dorsalis juvenilis, and we have been familiar with it since as Scheuermann's disease or adolescent kyphosis. It is a curious fact that, with the exception of the section on the subject in Beadle's monograph on the Intervertebral Disc, published in 1931, in which he recapitulates the work of Schmorl up to that date, and of Lambrinudi's stimulating paper in 1934, little work has been published upon the subject in this country, though the Continental literature is extensive. Moreover, until the last two or three years, we have practically ignored vertebral osteochondritis outside the thoracic spine. Anatomy.-At birth hyaline cartilage forms a thick layer over the ends of the vertebral bodies and its junction with the newly formed spongy bone is irregular and changing rapidly. Soon, however, a clearly defined cartilage cap is demarcated, that part of the cartilage next to the bone showing a well-marked columnar arrangement of cells forming an epiphyseal zone from which endochondral bone formation gives growth in length of the vertebral body (Fig. IA). Later, again, though this epiphyseal zone still persists all over the end of


SCOPE
Obesity prevalence continues to increase and contribute to metabolic diseases, potentially by driving systemic inflammation. Curcumin is an anti-inflammatory spice with claimed health benefits. However, mechanisms by which curcumin may reduce obesity-associated inflammation are poorly understood; thus, we hypothesized that benefits of curcumin consumption may occur through reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and/or beneficial changes in gut bacteria.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Male B6 mice were fed high fat diets (HFD, 45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with 0.4% (w/w) curcumin (HFC) for 14 weeks. Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced adiposity and total macrophage infiltration in WAT, compared to HFD group, consistent with reduced mRNA levels of M1 (Cd80, Cd38, Cd11c) and M2 (Arginase-1) macrophage markers. Moreover, curcumin supplementation reduced expression of other key pro-inflammatory genes, such as NF-κB p65 subunit (p65), Stat1, Tlr4, and Il6, in WAT (p<0.05). Using microbial 16S RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that the relative abundance of the Lactococcus, Parasutterella, and Turicibacter genera were increased in the HFC group versus HFD.

CONCLUSIONS
Curcumin exerts protective metabolic effects in dietary obesity, in part through downregulation of adipose tissue inflammation, which may be mediated by alterations in composition of gut microbiota, and metabolism of curcumin into curcumin-o- glucuronide. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In recent times, large-scale content-based face image retrieval has grown up with rapid improvement and it is an enabling technology for many emerging applications. Content based face image retrieval is done by computing the similarity between images in the databases and the input/query face image. Content based face image retrieval systems retrieves the image only using low level features therefore the retrieval rate is low in this system. To improve the retrieval rate sparse codeword based scalable face image retrieval system is developed. This system uses both low level features and high level human attributes. The proposed system has several stages to retrieve the images; 1. Low level features are extracted using LTP descriptor and utilize the automatically detected high level human attributes such as hair, Gender and race. 2. Sparse codeword techniques are applied on the low level features and attributes to generate the codeword. 3. The third stage is an indexing; in the indexing attribute embedded inverted indexing method is used. Using the methods mentioned above, face image retrieval system has achieved promising retrieval result. Experiment is conducted on different dataset such as pub fig, LFW and FERET. Among those dataset LFW dataset achieve higher performance.


Echocardiography is the most frequently used imaging modality to assess patients with cardiac diseases and the one with the most favourable cost/effectiveness ratio. Since its introduction in the clinical arena, echocardiography has changed our understanding of the pathophysiology of many cardiac diseases and the way we assess them, replacing invasive cardiac catheterisation in most of the cases. However, both the acquisition and the interpretation of the echocardiography studies, as well as the reproducibility and the repeatability of the measurements, rely heavily on the expertise and the experience of the operators. This is why the practice of echocardiography is considered to be a mixture of craft and science. Nowadays, the art of echocardiography is in danger. The progressive ageing of the general population and the related increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease on one end, and the ageing of the operators associated to the time constrain to perform more and more echocardiography studies on the other end, have created an unprecedented time crunch to perform and interpret an increasing number of studies that may lead to burnout and reporting errors. The recent development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to make automated segmentation and quantitative analysis of the echocardiography images offer a solution to reduce echocardiographer workload and to improve the reproducibility and the repeatability of the measurements (figure 1). What remains to be documented is the accuracy of the fully automated measurements performed by the AI algorithm and their clinical significance in comparison to the performance of skilled echocardiographers. To this end, the study by Kitano and coworkers in this issue of Heart adds to the growing enthusiasm for the use of AI algorithms that automates several facets of echocardiography measurement and interpretation. Kitano and coworkers used a novel, commercially available software package able to automatically determine the endocardial border of the cardiac chambers using a knowledgebased AI algorithm in each apical view and to perform speckletracking analysis through one complete cardiac cycle. Their aim was to investigate whether the fully automated twodimensional longitudinal strain of the left ventricle (LV), the left atrium (LA) and the right ventricle (RV) could predict future outcomes in 340 asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis. They demonstrated that the fully automated analysis of the 2D longitudinal strain was highly feasible (95% for the LV and the LA) provided that adequate 2D views were acquired. 4 Interestingly, the feasibility of RV strain was 94% (84/89) when a RVfocused view was available for analysis, but only 76% (191/251) when an apical fourchamber view was used. Moreover, the procedure was also timeeffective. Total analysis time was 36±2 s in the 264 patients in whom they analysed all four strains. These data confirm the costeffectiveness of the applications of AI to quantitate echocardiography studies. However, Kitano et al notably looked also at the prognostic value of the automated longitudinal strain measurements. During a median 29month followup, 51/340 patients reached the composite primary endpoint of cardiac death, heart failure hospitalisation, myocardial infarction or ventricular arrhythmia. Multivariable analysis confirmed that LV longitudinal strain was significantly associated with cardiac events, even after adjusting for the haemodynamic parameters of aortic stenosis severity and LV ejection fraction, as previously reported. However, the really interesting novel finding by Kitano et al was that the accuracy of fully automated LV longitudinal strain (evaluated using the receiveroperating characteristic analysis) in predicting that patient outcome was similar to that of manually edited measurements performed by an expert at strain analysis (area under the curve 0.66 vs 0.67, respectively). In summary, the study by Kitano et al shows that fully automated LV longitudinal strain is highly feasible, fast, highly reproducible and has similar prognostic value to the measurements obtained by an expert echocardiographer. In addition, the same software package can automatically provide the LA and RV longitudinal strain values that have been reported to hold prognostic value in patients with severe aortic stenosis 8 (figure 2). One important point that should be underlined in order to put the study by Kitano et al in the proper clinical perspective is that AI can identify the correct views and perform accurate measurements only if the echocardiographic views are properly acquired. Acquisition of LV foreshortened views, conventional fourchamber instead of the RVfocused apical view or nondedicated apical views for the LA has not been recognised by the current version of the software package and will provide misleading results. The improvement of the AI algorithm is expected to


Feeder volt-var control (VVC) has been widely promoted and adopted in power distribution industry. This paper presents a technique to "measure" the true benefits of such schemes using the continuous data collected from the advanced metering infrastructure system and the statistical data analytics techniques. The VVC schemes under consideration are switchable capacitor based. The proposed method is able to estimate, statistically, the amount of feeder losses saved due to switched capacitors during a given test period such as a week. Feasibility of the method is demonstrated by simulation studies on the IEEE 123 node test feeder. The studies reveal that the method can still perform by even a 20 min time resolution of measurements, so that the proposed approach is promising even with regard to existing metering technologies in distribution systems.


Police have no responsibility for the removal of a picket line but may act to remove a physical obstruction. According to Victoria Police operating procedures, a picket line becomes


Research using whole slide images (WSIs) of scanned histopathology slides for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has increased exponentially over recent years. Glass slides from large retrospective cohorts with patient follow-up data are digitised for the development and validation of AI tools. Such resources, therefore, become very important, with the need to ensure that their quality is of the standard necessary for downstream AI development. However, manual quality control of such large cohorts of WSIs by visual assessment is unfeasible, and whilst quality control AI algorithms exist, these focus on bespoke aspects of image quality, e.g. focus, or use traditional machine-learning methods such as hand-crafted features, which are unable to classify the range of potential image artefacts that should be considered. In this study, we have trained and validated a multi-task deep neural network to automate the process of quality control of a large retrospective cohort of prostate cases from which glass slides have been scanned several years after production, to determine both the usability of the images for research and the common image artefacts present. Using a two-layer approach, quality overlays of WSIs were generated from a quality assessment undertaken at patch-level at 5X magnification. From these quality overlays the slide-level quality scores were predicted and then compared to those generated by three specialist urological pathologists, with a Pearson correlation of 0.89 for overall usability (at a diagnostic level), and 0.87 and 0.82 for focus and H&E staining quality scores respectively. We subsequently applied our quality assessment pipeline to the TCGA prostate cancer cohort and to a colorectal cancer cohort, for comparison. Our model, designated as PathProfiler, indicates comparable predicted usability of images from the cohorts assessed (86-90%), and perhaps more significantly is able to predicts WSIs that could benefit from re-scanning or re-staining for quality improvement. We have shown in this study that AI can be used to automate the process of quality control of large retrospective cohorts to maximise research outputs and conclusions.


Enterprise diversification has recently become a prominent feature of US dairy farms. Scope economies and risk aversion are two forces that simultaneously determine diversification. We jointly estimate scope economies and determine risk preferences under price uncertainty. We reject risk neutrality in favour of Increasing Absolute Risk Aversion (IARA) and Increasing Relative Risk Aversion (IRRA). Scope economies are significant, but diminish with farm size. Increasing returns to scale exist in the production of multiple enterprises and diminish with size. Large farms operate under decreasing returns to scale. Ignoring risk preferences, a common practice in empirical work, results in an underestimate of the effect of scope economies for large farms.


safety of chemical process is always an important part of production management of chemical enterprises, and with development of chemical industry, requirement to safe production is increasingly improving. Real-time monitoring and failure diagnosis for equipment in chemical process have significant meaning not only in theory but also in production process. This article prefer a kind of intelligence expert system for safe production use of combination of neural network and expert inference, finding abnormality and equipment failure in chemical process, to eliminate all kinds of chemical accidents. This article design the framework of expert system, providing realization based on J2EE, and analyze performance of expert system.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and security of risperidone combined with clozapine in treatment of refractory schizophrenia.Methods Thirty-eight patients diagnosed as schizophrenia according to CCMD-3 and proved to be refractory patients were treated with risperidonee and clozapin for eight weeks.Subjects were assessed with the PANSS and TESS before and after treatment.Results Overall successful rate after eights weeks was 73.7%.There were significant differences in the positive,negative and general psychopathology scores of PANSS between pre-and post-treatment(P0.01).There was no significant difference in the TESS between pre-and post-treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Risperidone combined with clozapine has positive effect and high security in treatment of refractory schizophrenic,and it is worthy of clinical application.


The molecular structure and conformation of tetraphenylsilane have been investigated by gas-phase electron diffraction and ab initio/DFT and molecular mechanics calculations. The structure of the free molecule is consistent with an S4 symmetry conformation; the calculations indicate that the twist angle τ between the plane of the phenyl group and the plane defined by the Si−C bond and the S4 axis is about 40°. Analysis of the low-frequency modes indicates that the four phenyl groups undergo large-amplitude torsional and bending vibrations about the respective Si−C bonds. The electron diffraction intensities from a previous study [Csakvari, E.; Shishkov, I. F.; Rozsondai, B.; Hargittai, I. J. Mol. Struct. 1990, 239, 291] have been reanalyzed, using constraints from the calculations. A dynamical model accounting for the large-amplitude bending motion of the phenyl groups was used in the refinement. The new analysis yields accurate values for the twist angle of the phenyl group, τ = 40 ± 2°, and the Si−Ph bo...


This article presents a strategy for integrating community service learning with community development. It builds upon two methods in rural development: needs assessment and incorporating public schools in the development process. The strategy provides a way to have a valid needs assessment using survey research and at the same time keep costs low and involvement of local people high. It also provides students an opportunity to have classroom and experiential learning on community development and needs assessment. This strategy has been pilot tested in Florida. Opportunities abound for agricultural education programs and their respective FFA chapter if they choose to lead in such an endeavor.


Based on the fact that virtually all the experiences to which learners are exposed in formal education are derived from a combination of psychological considerations, the expectations and prescriptions of the subject discipline, the society and its culture, the ideas of educational philosophers and curriculum experts, and that no conscious effort is normally made to consult the learners for opinions even at the secondary and tertiary education levels, the deschoolers have accused the school of teaching a hidden curriculum. Worried that even the prescriptions that are usually considered as contributory to effective teaching methodology are attributable to the ideas and principles enunciated by educational psychologists and philosophers, the researcher embarked on a pilot survey of students' opinions about teacher effectiveness. A questionnaire of the data blank to was administered to a sample of 80 Senior Secondary II students randomly selected from two Federal government Colleges (one boys' and one girls') located in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja. Effort was made to ensure gender balance in the selection of samples. The subjects were asked to state three objectives of being in school, three expectations from teachers and three objectives of being in school, three expectations from teachers and three hateful teacher-behaviors. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results showed that adolescents in secondary schools were fully aware why they were in school and could discriminate the qualities of effective teachers. The researcher recommends that a realistic perception of effective teaching methodology should be a blending of the perspectives from teachers' pedagogical insights, the students' perspectives and the perspectives of the society that is the consumer of the college output. Ethiopian Journal of Education and Sciences Vol. 3 (1) 2007: pp. 11-22


In this paper,an N-player advertising differential game model is constructed,and the explicit closed-loop Nash Equilibrium is obtained by solving HJB equation.Then the effects of some relevant factors are analyzed for the optimal strategies and value functions.Results show that,beside the common parameters such as the marginal revenue of advertising and cost function,other elements,e.g.,the preference to future potential development,the time horizon,and the substitution of goods all have great influence on the optimal advertising.


This article reviews scales that purport to measure individual and/or dyadic marital adjustment. Seven marital adjustment scales are described with respect to test purpose and length, psychometric characteristics, and clinical and research utility. Overviews of major conceptual and methodological issues pertinent to adequate scale selection are presented.


The deposition processes of stoichiometric alumina by means of planar magne-
tron dc reactive sputtering have been invastigated. The results indicate that the oxygen patial
pressure (OPP) could dramatically affect the chemical composition and crystal structure of the
deposited films and two threthold values of the OPP (threthold pressures) exist during sputter-
ing. If the OPP is lower than the threthold pressures the sputtered films are mainly compo-
sed of metallic aluminium with little alumina in it. When the OPP is higher than the threth-
old pressures the films are only composed of the alumina. When the OPP varies near the
threthold pressures, the total gas pressure, the sputtering voltage and the depositing rate appear
adrupt change, and the V-I characteristic curves display different laws. The deposited alumina
were amerphous and could crystallize at high temperature. The dc reactive sputtering mecha-
nisms were discussed in this paper.


An interacting multiple-model (IMM) estimator is developed to adaptively estimate the process noise covariance of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite clocks for improved positioning. Experimental results are presented showing a stationary ground receiver localizing itself with carrier phase measurements from a single Orbcomm LEO satellite. The developed IMM is shown to reduce the localization error and improve filter consistency over two fixed mismatched extended Kalman filters (EKFs). Starting with an initial receiver position error of 1.45 km, the IMM yielded a final error of 111.26 m, while the errors of a conservative and optimistic EKFs converged to 254.71 m and 429.35 m, respectively.


The mineral ottrelite, which has received so much attention elsewhere, especially in the Ardennes, and which is of considerable interest in connection with the metamorphism of certain rocks, has not, up to now, ever been reported as occurring anywhere in Great Britain. I am able to state that I have discovered it in considerable amount in a certain roofing-slate of North Cornwall.


The article discusses the statement and some of the results of a numerical solution of the problem of the unsteady-state wavy flow of a boiling liquid out of a straight channel of given geometry with one of its ends open. A thermodynamically nonequilibrium approximation is used. To describe the motion of the boiling liquid there is taken a model of a two-phase mixture of a bubble structure, under the assumption that the velocities and pressures of the phases are identical; the temperature of the vapor in the bubbles is equal to the saturation temperature with the pressure in the mixture, while the temperature of the liquid can differ from the saturation temperature. It is assumed that boiling of the liquid, when the pressure in it becomes less than saturation pressure, starts at foreign particles of an impurity of determined size. It is shown that this model can give a rather exact description of the initial stage (tapprox. =10/sup -3/--10/sup -2/ sec) of the outflow of the liquid in the experiments. It is established that the degree of thermal nonequilibrium, arising in the mixture after the passage of a rarefaction wave in the liquid, rises with an increase in the absolutemore » values of the initial temperature of the liquid and is practically independent of the initial underheating up to the saturation parameters.« less


The aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical procedure to determine major opiates including: morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine and methadone in hair. The target substances were extracted by solid phase extraction on Bond Elut Certify Columns after acid digestion and analysed with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. The quantification was performed using full scan range monitoring of studied drugs and their deuterated analogues as internal standards. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 ng mg - 1 and extraction yield from 37.5 to 98.9%. A linear response was observed for all drugs from 0 to 20 ng mg - 1 . The method was applied for the determination of opioids in 10 hair samples collected from methadone treatment and detoxification patients who were addicted to home made heroin.


In order to gain an insight into the structure and properties of grain boundaries, diffusion along grain boundaries has been studied as a function of relative orientation of the grains and of the boundary. Experiments were made by comparing the depth of penetration of silver along the boundaries of columnar copper in the columnar direction [100]. The results indicate that, for angles of misfit between the grains, greater than 20° and smaller than 70°, diffusion along grain boundaries is greater than volume diffusion (near 700°C) and reaches a maximum around 45°. Outside of that range of relative orientation the rate of grain boundary diffusion is not greater than volume diffusion. These results are correlated with the information available about the energy of grain boundaries, and it is concluded that at small angles the dislocation model of grain boundaries describe satisfactorily the situation, while at larger angles the grain boundaries are better described in terms of areas of fit and misfit.


England, 011 retirement from public life. They contain in a great measure, we are informed, the record of the author's own experiences. The work is certainly not of a high standard. Its style is that of dilute and stupid colloquialism. It treats of the most trite subjects in a very commonplace manner. We had expected better things of Dr. Waring, whose name is justly held in high respect by the profession in India. In the 1st chapter he treats of the frame of mind in which the old gentleman from southern latitudes re-visits his fatherland. Through the medium of feeble sentimentalism and with the aid of platitudes, our author exhorts his friend to harbour religious thoughts in his breast; tells him that " England is an excellent country," but that lie must not expect to find it a heaven upon earth, unvisited by east winds. lie thereupon furnishes his friend with a little picture of fancy, in which we of course find " primroses, cowslips, and blue-bells," and the customary village church with " its heaven-directed spire." Alongside are old friends ; some of them very cold and heartless, while others are animated with quite the correct feelings of reciprocal warmth and affection. Even from these last, however, the old Indian is duly warned not to expect too


Abstrat: Objective To investigate the effects of the different influence of Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064nm laser radiation on the melanogenesis of Chloasma type guinea pigs experimental mode.Methods After the different influence of Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064nm laser radiation on the melanogenesis of Chloasma type guinea pigs experimental mode.We employed MTT assay,oxidative DOPA reaction and NaOH method to measure the cell viability,tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis of guinea pigs skin melanocyte respectively.The morphological changes of cells were observed by light microscopy.Results There was no noticeable alteration in the morphology of melanocytes after irradiation instantly by all different energy densities and frequency group besides high energy density and high frequency group.However fifth later after irradiation by high energy density groups,The melanocytes turned smaller and the number of them decreased;the number of dendrites decreased and the length of them became shorter.Only the melanocytes turned smaller,the number of dendrites decreased and the length of them became shorter by low energy density and high frequency.Compared with preoperative,there was no significant change in cell proliferation,melanin content and tyrosinase activity after irradiation by low energy density and low frequency.But the other three groups were significantly decreased.However,there was significant gradually increased after three weeks later.Conclusion When the energy density and frequency achieves at specified value.Q-switched Nd:YAG 1064nm laser can inhibit melanocytic proliferation,melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity.And this procedure of injury is reversibility.It is worth to study later.It make valid tomake use of Qswitched Nd:YAG 1064nm laser for treatment of the pigmented skin diseases.


Introduction: Guidelines recommend ventricular rate control to <130 bpm during atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) to avoid aggravating deteriorations in cardiac outputs. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of landiolol in patients with ADHF and AF. Methods: This observational study included 60 patients who were urgently hospitalized with ADHF and presented with AF and a heart rate (HR) ≥130 bpm at admission. The patients were assigned to the landiolol group (n = 37) or the reference group (n = 23) based on their intravenous landiolol use within 24 h after admission. The primary endpoint was death from any cause. Results: The groups' baseline characteristics were similar. A significant HR reduction occurred in the landiolol group at 2 h after admission. Compared with the reference group, the HR was significantly lower (111.6 vs. 97.9 bpm, p = 0.02) and the absolute HR reduction was greater (−32.2 vs. −50.0 bpm, p = 0.006) in the landiolol group at 48 h after admission. The landiolol group's mortality rate was significantly lower than that in the reference group (log-rank test, p = 0.032). landiolol use within 24 h after admission was independently associated with lower all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.92). Conclusion: Patients with ADHF and AF who received landiolol for rate control during the acute phase had better prognoses than those who did not receive landiolol.


The intrusive rock has a wide-ranging and extensive period of time distribution in liuhe area,it has dose relationship with the formation of the gold mine in this area.The rock-chemical and geochemistry characteristics of varied rock natures are analyzed for the intrusive rock in different periods and the whole evolutional regular,tectonic setting and emplacement mechanisms of its intrusion are discussed in the lava,in order to provide certain theory evidence for the formation of gold mine in this area.


Pulmonary ethanol absorption produces homogeneous intoxicated mices within a week. Intoxication is evidenced in the increase of plasmatic, hepatic and cerebral gamma-glutamyl-transferases. An increase of blood-brain-barrier permeability for tryptophan is not observed as in acute intoxication.


A 2-D fractal heat conduction in a fractal space is considered by He?s fractal derivative. The two-scale transform is adopted to convert the fractal model to its differential partner. The homotopy perturbation method is used to find the approximate analytical solution.


Polymerization in highly ordered lyotropic liquid-crystalline (LLC) media enables controllable synthesis of polymers possessing interesting nanostructure and physical properties. This study investigates the radical polymerization rate and molecular weight (MW) development of monoacrylates of different aliphatic tail length in a range of LLC phases. Polymerization rate data were acquired using photodifferential scanning calorimetry, and linear polymer MW was determined with gel permeation chromatography. Polymerization occurs much more rapidly, and higher MW is attained in the ordered LLC phases relative to isotropic solutions and neat polymerization. These properties change significantly as a function of LLC phase and monomer structure. A direct relationship is observed between polymer MW formation and the polymerization rate. Definitive changes in rate and MW were observed at phase boundaries, indicating the important role of solvent order. This study demonstrates how solvent ordering effects can be used to control polymer MW and rate of polymerization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 144–154


In this paper, we propose a novel tension calculation algorithm for tension-based force displays. The algorithm uses quadratic programming method to find optimal tension force and achieves stable force displays. We made some experiments to evaluate proposing method with a tension-based force display, SPIDAR. Results show that proposed method eliminates vibration and enlarges operating area.


Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) (NH4H2PO4) is an excellent inorganic non linear optical material with different device applications. In this present work, ADP crystal and neem leaves extract doped ADP (NADP) crystal has been grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The grown crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometion (XRD) method. The XRD pattern confirms the crystalline nature and the purity of the grown crystals. UV-Vis spectrum showed that good optical quality of ADP & NADP crystals. The functional group frequencies were identified and assigned from FTIR spectra.The emission spectra of the crystals were recorded using spectrofluorometer. The emission peaks of pure ADP and NADP were absorbed at 452 nm & 530 nm respectively.The optical band gap energy were estimated as 2.7468 eV & 2.3425 eV. Nonlinear optic measurement has been used to find the SHG efficiency. Thermal stability increases in ADP crystal by an organic additive of neem leaves extract has been determined by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Some novel results of a combined sequential study of growth spirals on the basal surface of the ADP and NADP crystals by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is presented and discussed. Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), presence of element with weight percentage has been calculated.


Purpose

The mobile phone industry in India is highly competitive, fast paced and technology-driven. In such a hyper competitive era, effective advertising is considered a key success driver for a mobile phone brand. The purpose of this paper is to identify advertisement effectiveness dimensions for Indian mobile phone industry and to develop hierarchical interrelationships among these dimensions in the Indian print context.

Design/methodology/approach

Structured Delphi approach is used to derive the set of dimensions for advertisement effectiveness. Further, techniques such as interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC analysis are used to establish hierarchical linkages among identified dimensions.

Findings

On the basis of experts' opinion, refinement through structured Delphi resulted in the identification of 14 advertisement effectiveness dimensions specific to Indian mobile phone industry. Interpretive structural modeling assisted in the development of linkages among these identified dimensions based on their interrelations. Further, attention, relevance, excitability, liking and consumer preference, etc., turned out to be the dimensions of utmost importance for measuring advertisement effectiveness for the Indian mobile phone industry.

Research limitations/implications

The present research work is limited to the recognition and development of hierarchical interrelationships among advertisement effectiveness dimensions specific to mobile phone business in the Indian print context only. Further studies may be carried out for other product or service category in some different media context.

Practical implications

The present research has several significant implications for academics and advertising practitioners involved in designing and developing promotional campaigns for mobile phone brands in India. The identified 14 dimensions and developed hierarchical model provide valuable insights for improving advertisement effectiveness.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrated successful implementation of Delphi and interpretive structural modeling technique to explore the research area of advertisement effectiveness.


The current conventional source-load intelligent tracking algorithm of distribution network mainly realizes active power control by calculating the regulation amount of output power, which leads to poor tracking effect due to the lack of intra-day scheduling optimization of distribution network. In this regard, the fuzzy prediction-based distribution grid source-load intelligent tracking algorithm is proposed. The multi-scenario technology is used to model the power output of distribution network power devices and the power load, and build the tracking scenario model; the intra-day optimization model is built, and the MPC control method is combined to realize the control of the power output and load situation of the distribution network; finally, the power fluctuation index is introduced to characterize the source-load tracking situation. In the experiments, the power control performance of the proposed method is verified. The experimental results show that the maximum power fluctuation value is low when the proposed method is used for source-load tracking, and it has a better power control performance.


The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyse how social workers in Swedish social services define "family" and handle complexity when they work with families, and especially "families wi ...


Luzhou-flavor liquor, made in northwest China, is inferior to that made in other parts in China both in liquor quality and in liquor yield. Except for the liquor-making environmental gap, the backward production techniques are the main influencing factors, for example, simplex liquor-making raw materials, unperfect starter-making techniques, neglect of the management and the application of yellow water, and rapid aging of pit mud (induced by unperfect operation techniques) etc. Although the production techniques of Luzhou Laojiao have been introduced in many distilleries, in practical production, those distilleries don't implement such technical procedures seriously, even occurs the setback of some techniques, which would eventually influence liquor quality stability and hardly improve liquor quality. Accordingly, some recommendations wer put forward in this paper.


A malformed female infant is described. In addition to cardiac, renal, and skeletal (rib) anomalies, severe intrauterine growth retardation and distinct facial dysmorphism were present. The question is raised whether this child represents a new syndrome.


This paper draws on different visions about development and post-development, as well as their alternatives, which allow us to make progress with the biocentric dimension of development, in answer to the current anthropocentric model, with basis on the Vandana Shiva (1995) female principle which has a close interdependence and interconnection between nature, women and men. We intend to contrast, on the one side, with the idea of biocentrism, which gives moral a space from the viewpoint of the human being, and on the other hand, to analyze some of the considerations that have been made in order to go beyond Kant`s categorical imperative, towards a relationship with nature but still with an anthropocentric view. After performing those analysis, which are related to the current model of development that is reflected on education, we use Krishnamurti (1950, 2008) thought, by emphasizing education as a philosophy of life for learning, and the biocentric dimension of development for a comprehensive education based on self-observation and for the times we live in the community of life, highlighting the responsibility we have as teachers and the challenges education centers, especially universities, have.


nesia. The period 1955-58 saw the civil war, the struggle over Irian, the forced departure of the Dutch, the development of "guided democracy," the rise of the military, and the beginnings of renewed pressure on the Chinese. The changing role of political parties throughout this period is illustrated by an analysis of the election returns of 1955, in which the decline of the Masjumi organization was brought about by a split over "orthodoxy" and "reform." Professor Wertheim does not attempt to forecast history: "The near future of Indonesia seems to be one big question mark" (p. 364). But he does set forth a few sociological trends: increasing state interference in economic affairs, some kind of land redistribution, cumulative industrial development, increasing technical training for Indonesians. The role of the West is seen as supplying Indonesia with capital for economic development—on Indonesia's terms. Unless the Western world offers "genuine assistance," Professor Wertheim thinks Asian countries "will prefer to do the job alone" (p. 337). On the outcome of the struggle between Islam and communism he is unwilling to commit himself, beyond stating that either would have to adapt itself to the requirements of contemporary Indonesian society. In view of recent events that would seem to be a wise decision.


Rural households are found to depend on diverse portfolio of activities and income sources. This study sought to explore the diverse livelihood activities of rural households in Awra Amba Community. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used to collect data. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that almost all members (94%) of Awra Amba community are depending on non-farm activities because of the scarcity of land. As a result, they are dominantly weavers (86%) and the rest are traders. The results of the study indicated that weaving is their major source of livelihood and a backbone for their survival.


Newborn Swiss and A2G mice were given daily subcutaneous injections for 1 week ofhighly purified recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or mouse interferon a/fl. Both treatments resulted in inhibition of growth of suckling mice and severe fatty changes and necrosis in the liver. The simultaneous injection of polyclonal antibody to interferon a/l abrogated the effects of interferon but did not block the effects induced by TNF. The kidneys of TNF-treated suckling mice could be distinguished from interferon-treated mice by the absence of glomerular basement mem-


In this sturdy, we investigated the bonding and debonding of the glass wafers using Surface Activated Bonding (SAB) method with the Si and Fe intermediate layers. In the fabrication process of the Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) on the ultra thin glass substrates for the display devices, the glass substrates are handled at high temperature and can be easily deformed. In order to achieve the accurate handling of the ultra thin glass substrates, the glass substrates should be bonded to the carrier glasses, and shoul be debonded after the process. We modified the SAB process with the intermediate layers to control the bond strength of the glasses for the handling. The bonding of glasses by the SAB method endured the heating at 350-550°C and the bond strength as surface energy was controllable under under 1 J/m2. Additionally, the appearance of the voids in the interface were detected, and it indicated the similarity to the hydrophilic bonding. The result shows the feasibility of applying this technique as an alternative for the current TFT process.


inves-tigates to find out how to bridge the relational gap between the high-range sales point and luxury brands. What is the best sales model for today's market and customer? How should a high jewelry brand approach on-line sales models? There are two aspects to consider. One linked to the traditional sales model which involves everything to do with customer relations. Then, there is the model linked to the digital channel, which, at this particular moment, needs to be renovated with a new, innovative approach. A debate that also gives voice to a luxury multi-brand boutique like Sugar, with the intervention of Beppe Angiolini, and from Sarah Fabergé, from the historical international high jewelry brand. Definitely not to be missed is the contri-bution from a reknowned e-tailer, which will explain the logics of selling high-range on on-line channels.


Liu Tian-hua maintained that national music should be retained in its excellence and carried forward by use of western musicfor reference. He also advocated an active music education and publicizing for common people. Liu practised a reform of the Chinese fiddle so as to promote its artistic value.


This paper aims to present an attempt to explain exchange incentives on the Tunis Stock Market from a behavioural point of view. We think that the elucidation of these anomalies cannot be done without circumspect description of the psychological aspects of investors. The excessive confidence has been given the predominant explanation of these phenomena. Indeed, when investors store increments, they become more confident of the precision of their private information and their exchange activities become more aggressive on the subsequent periods. The objective of this work is to identify whether the trading volume observed on the Tunisian Stock Market from the excessive exchange of overconfident investors. Results obtained through a set of tests, over the period which extends from 04/01/1999 to 07/10/2016. Results reveal that the hypothesis of overconfidence is not check on the Tunisia Stock Market over the study period.


The results and discussion of the Population and Family Health Survey 1990 for Jordan are reported for household and individual characteristics fertility family planning (FP) nuptiality and exposure to the risk of pregnancy fertility preferences infant and child mortality maternal and child health and infant feeding and childhood nutrition. Appendices provide a description of the sample design estimates of sampling errors data quality tables and questionnaires. Statistical tables are provided on household population by age residence and sex; household composition; education level; school enrollment; housing characteristics; household durable goods; background characteristics of respondents; level of education; access to mass media; current fertility; fertility by background characteristics; age-specific fertility rates; fertility by marital duration; children ever born; birth intervals; age at 1st birth; teenage fertility; knowledge of contraceptive methods and sources; ever and current use of contraception; current use by background characteristics; number of children at 1st use of contraception; problems with current methods; knowledge of fertile period; timing of sterilization; sources and time to source of contraceptives; discontinuation of contraception and reasons; preferred method; acceptability of mass media for FP messages; ever-married women; marital status; marital exposure; age at 1st marriage; postpartum amenorrhea and insusceptibility; termination of exposure of risk to pregnancy; fertility preferences by age and by number of living children; desire to stop having children; need for FP services; ideal number of children; planning status of births; wanted fertility rates; infant and child mortality by background and demographic characteristics; high risk fertility; antenatal care; tetanus toxoid vaccination; place and assistance in delivery; vaccinations by source of information and by background characteristic and in 1st year of life; prevalence and treatment of diarrhea; knowledge and use of oral rehydration packets; breast-feeding practices during diarrhea; breast-feeding status supplementation frequency and duration; nutritional status by demographic and background characteristics and methodological tables.


The artificial ecological propagation techniques of Deinagkistrodon acutus on large scale including snake farm construction,rearing density,feedstuff,young snake breeding and overwintering,adult snake breeding and overwintering were systematically studied.The results showed that the temperature,humidity,aeration,security and relative independence condition control were the essential conditions for ecological propagation of D.acutus to prevent disease,survive through summer and winter,and promote healthy growth.Rearing snake solely was an important method to guarantee the spawning quality and expand the filial generation population.The young Rana limnocharis was the mouth-open food for young snake.The breeding and overwintering techniques of young snake played key roles in the success of artificial ecological propagation.With the successful development of feedstuff,there will be a broad prospect for the artificial ecological propagation of D.acutus on large scale.


The anomalous behavior, as suggested by Efimov, in the doublet n-d scattering near the deuteron breakup threshold is investigated by computing coupled integral equation using s-wave separable potentials.


It can be used with water or a water-soluble organic solvent, and to provide a leak-free scandium catalyst scandium. In the liquid phase, particle size 1~50nm of gold clusters, disulfide monomers, sulfonates disulfide, and SCY Under the disulfide monomers formula (Wherein, R Under sulfonic acid salt of the disulfide type (Wherein, R The catalyst, aldol reaction in water or a water-soluble organic solvent, cyanation reaction, allylation reaction, Michael reaction, Mannich reaction, is useful as a catalyst for the Diels-Alder reaction or a Friedel-Crafts reaction.


Radicular cysts are common cystic lesions that affect the jaws. They are most commonly found at the apices of teeth with necrotic pulp, usually asymptomatic but can result in swelling in the affected area. A 52-year-old female patient presented with persistent labial swelling for 2 years after endodontic retreatment of maxillary right central incisor. Surgical enucleation of the cystic lesion together with regenerative technique using bone graft to manage the through and through (tunnel) bony defect was done. Both clinical and radiographic examination revealed a good healing at the 6-month follow-up. In conclusion, the use of bone graft during endodontic surgery to manage large periapical lesions with tunnel bony defect is an effective treatment strategy to accelerate bone healing.


The utility model discloses an anode component for an impressed current cathodic protection system. The anode component is arranged on a water bed of a water body so as to protect a related building. The anode component comprises an anode, an anode bracket and a base. The anode component is electrically connected with the cathodic protection system through an electric conductor. The base is an anabatic member, such as a hollow fiber glass body filled with concrete. The anode is spherical and comprises a titanium hollow body which has a mixed metal oxide coating and is filled with a non-conducting material. Preferably, the anode bracket comprises an integral titanium extending member (such as an extending pipe) which protrudes out of the base and has a top part. The anode is mounted (such as welded) to the top of the extending member, so that the anode is positioned above the water bed. The anode component is connected with the electric conductor through a socket comprising an electric coupler, wherein the electric coupler is mounted in a box of the anode bracket component.


Abstract The article studies how power-sharing institutions can foster the depoliticization of ethnicity after ethnic conflicts. Building on a constructivist and neo-institutionalist theoretical framework, it argues that the depoliticization of ethnicity can be fostered by power-sharing systems combining: (1) guarantees for the ethnic representativeness of political institutions and the security of all ethnic categories, and (2) institutional mechanisms that incentivize the reorientation of political alliances on a multi-ethnic basis. The case of Burundi provides a plausibility probe for the argument. The article suggests the existence of an 'associational' model of power-sharing, where ethnic conflict is transformed by the depoliticization of ethnicity.


A new learning algorithm based on the feedforward neural networks is proposed for solving the problems of interpolation.The network's topology is so simple that the number of neurons needed for solving the problem under investigation is independent of the number of patterns.The number of neurons needed for the training is simply expressed as the multiplication of the input patterns' vector dimension by the output patterns' vector dimension.Only one layer weights are trained.The trained weights consist of cubic spline functions,not constants like the popular learning algorithm such as backpropagation(BP) or radial basis function(RBF) networks.The new algorithm developed is the learning procedure to solve two systems of linear equations for getting the forms of weights' cubic spline functions,without problems such as local minima,slow convergence,and dependent on initialized values arising from the steepest descent-like algorithms.Finally,to illustrate the power of the new learning algorithm,some simulation examples are presented to show good performance in interpolation precision and training speed compared with the popular learning algorithm such as backpropagation and radial basis function networks.


It is proved that for generic p*m linear systems of McMillan degree n, mp>n implies generic pole assignability by constant output feedback laws.<<ETX>>


The main object of this paper is to investigate the existence of solutions for a self-adjoint coupled system of nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations equipped with nonlocal multi-point coupled boundary conditions on an arbitrary domain. We apply the Leray–Schauder alternative, the Schauder fixed point theorem and the Banach contraction mapping principle in order to derive the main results, which are then well-illustrated with the aid of several examples. Some potential directions for related further researches are also indicated.


The author examines migration patterns among stonemasons in eighteenth-century France focusing on temporary movements related to employment. Attention is given to the distribution throughout France of masons from the Haute-Marche or present-day Creuse department. (SUMMARY IN ENG) (ANNOTATION)


In this paper,we introduced the concept and development of intelligent building and IBMS.Using engi-neering examples,we demonstrated the IBMS system played an important role in intelligent building management.


Starting from the premise that the humanities are still in urgent need of being decolonized and deprovincialized, this forum, titled "The Rise and Decline of 'Colonial Humanities,'" offers insights into the development of the humanities disciplines in what are often referred to as "area studies" (a field itself subject to criticism) since the beginning of the nineteenth century. The forum's perspective on "colonial humanities" acknowledges the violence perpetuated in the name of Euro-American humanities and calls for an in-depth and sustained investigation into the construction of racism and prejudice across our fields. Case studies focus on the "local" development of philology in Turkey (Leezenberg), on critical "coauthorship" with local scholars in literary and historical studies (Berber/Amazigh studies) in Algeria (Merolla), and on the need for increased criticality and self-awareness in the fast-changing field of lexicography (Sear and Turin). The forum is rounded out with a commentary and reflection by Shamil Jeppie.


A decrease in the value of the magnetostriction constant λ111 is observed at 78 K in YIG(Ba) and YIG(Si) single crystals exposed to light in the spectral range 0.65– 2 μm. Exposure to infrared light leads to a decrease in the value of λ111 for YIG(Si), but causes no change for YIG(Ba).


This paper demonstrates that the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to the cathode buffer during electrotransfer improves the transfer of high molecular weight proteins, while the addition of methanol to the anode buffer is very efficient in increasing the binding of low molecular weight proteins to Immobilon P


William IV reigned during one of the most important periods in English history. Peel, Grey and Melbourne were political giants of the day and the Reform of Parliament was the main and lasting achievement. Here, the author reveals his adherence to duty and his role in the conflicts of his time. Ann Somerset's historical biographies include "Ladies-in-Waiting: From the Tudors to the Present Day" and "Elizabeth I".


This study presents a novel compact design of the Gysel topology and a filtering power divider (FPD) that utilizes a coupling structure. The proposed design replaces the traditional four-quarter wavelength transmission lines of the Gysel power divider with transmission lines and lumped components, resulting in a significantly reduced circuit size. Furthermore, the introduction of this coupling structure ensures the integration of the filtering and power division functions. Two transmission zeros are created near the passband to enhance the frequency selectivity of the responses. Theoretical analysis is carried out, and closed-form equations are derived based on the even–odd-mode method. To validate the theory, a three-port equal Gysel FPD operating at 2 GHz was designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that this FPD has good power splitting and filtering capability with the size of 0.15 λg × 0.25 λg (λg is the medium wavelength of the central frequency), which is a significant reduction compared to the existing Gysel FPDs. The simulated and measured results are presented to verify the theoretical derivation, demonstrating good features, such as a return loss greater than 15 dB, isolation greater than 15 dB, and an insertion loss of about 4.02 dB (3 + 1.02 dB) in the passband.


This paper considers the problem of tracking multiple moving targets on a road network with sparse, highly localized, unattended ground sensor data that are subject to clutter and missed detections. Hidden Markov models for single-target localization with unattended ground sensor data are first derived for road networks, under the assumption of perfect data association. These hidden Markov models are then used to solve the data association problem in the presence of clutter and missed detections for multitarget tracking using a Rao–Blackwellized particle filter. The proposed hidden Markov model tracking approach permits easy generation of accurate probabilistic models from a priori road network structure information, and it naturally enables sparse computationally efficient handling of multimodal target state uncertainties using both positive and negative unattended ground sensor information. The Rao–Blackwellized particle filter provides a fully Bayesian solution to the data association problem, enabling...


Solar energy harvesting systems can operate efficiently at relatively high threshold luminance, and they exhibit 0% efficiency below threshold luminance value. This introduces the sensitivity topics where it highlights what is the minimum input power where the efficiency remains acceptable, and the harvester/charger can still operate. The efficacy of solar power harvesters has been a matter of ongoing subject; however, the concept of sensitivity is not explored. The objective of this paper is to discuss the sensitivity topics in the low power solar harvesters and to compare two approaches with their sensitivity and efficiency. These topologies will be dissected, and the experimental results will be demonstrated.


Among all the rock types, igneous, plutonic and volcanic group of rocks are more prominent as per rock for bauxite formation. In plutonic rocks bauxite was mainly derived from granite. The largest granite derived deposits occur in the Darling range, Australia (Tomich, 1964; Grubb, 1966, 1971a; Baker, 1972), and at Los pijiguaos, Venezuela (Quintero and Marino, 1990). Medium size granitederived deposits have been found east of Dalat in southern Vietnam and at DigoMokouedou, Ivory coast. Nepheline syenite and foyalite are the parent rocks of several small to medium size deposits e.g. Arkansas, USA; Los Islands, Guinea etc; In India such deposits are found in Ranchi district, Jharkhand.


1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland. 2 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Poland. 3 Division of Infectious Diseases of Animals and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland. 4 Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wrocław Medical University, Poland.


Penny Ganzenmuller says the phrase 'build it and they will come' proved true for Ipswich Hospital Library, which is now a well-used,welcoming and effective space. Consultation was the key.


The history of data model development can be viewed as a migration process from application programs to generic facilities for data management. At the core of such data management is a data model which plays the role of a bridge between human beings and computers in dealing with information processing tasks. An ideal data model should satisfy the criteria of formality, simplicity, and expressiveness. While classic data models are too primitive to handle complex database applications, current advanced data models are usually defined in intuitive narrative terms, resulting in imprecise and even conflicting definitions of semantic modeling concepts.
The key to tackling such problems is to identify a set of essential semantic modeling generics which are humanly intuitive, semantically expressive, and can be naturally mapped into simple mathematical concepts. In this dissertation, we introduce a new data model, called the object-relationship-abstraction-constraint (ORAC) model, with a layered view of data abstractions. We focus on two types of generics: structural constructs and constraint primitives. The structural constructs are the basic semantic building blocks and abstraction mechanisms which include literal objects, abstract objects, attribute functions, relationships, and advanced abstractions such as generalization, categorization, and aggregation. The constraint primitives are data integrity rules which include the uniqueness and cardinality constraints on objects, on functions, and on relationships; and the disjoint, subset, equality, cover, partition, equal-cover constraints on super-sub structures.
The ORAC model provides a formal basis for the precise definition of the structural constructs and constraint primitives. It employs sets as the formal basis for object types, power sets for generalization and categorization abstractions, relations for relationship types and aggregation abstraction, and functions for attributes of object and relationship types. Furthermore, object identity and existence dependency concepts are introduced to precisely differentiate between abstract objects and literal objects, and between relationships and attribute functions.
We also investigate semantic equivalence between different semantic modeling concepts by studying the role concept and its semantic transformations. We propose rules and heuristics for object clustering for schema management and documentation in large scale database applications.


The corrosion behavior of Zn27Al3Cu in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution is investigated through weight loss method. The morphology of corrosion products were observed and analyzed with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The experimental results indicate that weight loss of the alloy with time follows the exponential attenuation relationship. Corrosion mechanism of Zn27Al3Cu alloy are intergranular corrosion and preferential corrosion in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution, the main corrosion products are compound oxide and chloride.


High quality concrete is a type of concrete that has been given special treatment, if no special materials are added, it cannot always be obtained with conventional materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the best sandblasting substitution composition in producing high quality concrete. The method used in the design of the mixture is the SNI method, with the design concrete quality of 42 MPa. The results of this study indicate that for testing the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days, the highest value for the 10% sandblasting variation is 49,163 MPa, the split tensile strength of the 10% sandblasted concrete variation is 4.789. MPa, the flexural strength of 10% sandblasted concrete is 6,399 MPa and the modulus of elasticity of 10% sandblasted concrete is 22531,964 MPa. From the results of the study it was concluded that the use of sandblasting as a substitute for fine aggregate showed an increase in the value of sandblasting variations of 10% for the compressive strength test, split tensile strength test, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity test of concrete.


To improve the reliability, real-time performance and maintainability of navigation system, an optical-mechanical-electrical integrative design method of the fiber optic gyro inertial navigation /beidou/odometer integrated navigation system is proposed. Based on the basic working principle of the integrated navigation system, design of system structure and signal connection are implemented. In the integrated navigation system, all-fixed-structure, instrument and system integrative design and modularization design are used. At last, the integrated navigation system is developed, north seeking test and vehicle test are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the referred system design.


The invention provides a herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector that does not express toxic HSV genes in non-complementing cells and which comprises a genome comprising one or more transgenes, wherein the vector is capable of expression of a transgene for at least 28 days in non-complementing cells. The disclosed vectors include vectors having deletions in the genes ICP0, ICP4, TCP22, TCP27 and TCP47, or alternative inactivating mutations, or vectors which express one or more of these genes with modified kinetics. The invention also relates to viral stocks of the inventive vectors, compositions thereof suitable for use therapeutically or for in vitro applications, and methods relating thereto. In another aspect, the invention provides a complementing cell, in particular a U20S cell, engineered to express ICP4 and ICP27 when the cell is infected with HSV for the production of the inventive vector. Said cells are disclosed as naturally complementing ICP0.


This paper aims at the linear frequency-modulated(LFM) signal's characters of fractional Fourier transform.A new correlation algorithm on fractional frequency domain was proposed,by which not only can the echo LFM signals be detected,but also the Doppler shifts and time delay can be estimated accurately with the correlation on time domain,even for the case of low SNR.Meanwhile,it is not necessary to search the rotated angle in one-dimensional or two-dimensional spaces,so that the algorithm is also simple and of high efficiency.The simulation results show its effectiveness.


Tele-learning experiments with hardware require information about the working environment and the equipment status as a base. Scenarios with limited bandwidth are of interest for mobile devices as well as for users in areas with a poor telecommunication infrastructure. While camera images provide a realistic view on the remote scene, they need a high bandwidth for quality pictures. In this context an approach to replace transmission of video images is presented. At the example application of tele-learning experiments with mobile robots, data about vehicle position and orientation are essential. This input is to be determined by external tracking systems. The preprocessed sensor information can be sent via internet link even under very low bandwidth conditions. On the students side the robot is visualized in its work space in twoor three-dimensional virtual environments depending on the performance of the used computer. The paper describes the external tracking as well as the remote interface enabling access to the experiments under different conditions and reports about experiences in using this infrastructure.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the proteomic profile of salivary Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) samples and correlate them with the malignant transformation of the PA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty samples (10 PA, 16 CXPA, and 4 residual PA) were microdissected and submitted to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proteomic data and protein identification were analyzed through LC-MS/MS spectra using the MaxQuant software.

RESULTS
The proteomic analysis identified and quantified a total of 240 proteins in which 135 were found in PA, residual PA, and CXPA. The shared proteins were divided into six subgroups and the proteins that showed statistically significant differences (p> 0,05) and fold-change > or < 2.5 in one subgroup to another subgroup were included. Seven proteins (Apolipoprotein A-I - APOA1, Haptoglobin - HP, Protein of the synaptonemal complex 1 - SYCP1, Anion transport protein of band 3 -SLC4A1, Subunit μ1 of AP-1 complex - AP1M1, Beta Subunit of Hemoglobin - HBB, dermcidin - DCD) were classified as potential protein signatures, being HP, AP1M1, and HBB with higher abundance for PA to residual PA, APOA1 with higher abundance for PA to CXPA, SLC4A1 with lower abundance in the PA to CXPA, SYCP1with lower abundance for residual PA to CXPA, and DCD with higher abundance in the CXPA with epithelial differentiation to myoepithelial differentiation.

CONCLUSIONS
In this work, we demonstrated the comparative proteomic profiling of PA, residual PA, and CXPA, and seven were proposed as protein signatures, some of which may be associated with the malignant phenotype acquisition.


The ability to recognize the relationships between concepts is a crucial aspect of meaningful learning. Expert-generated concept maps have been shown to help students in forging connections by acting as scaffolds for cognitive processing. The Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) of the University of Twente is developing a Living Textbook which combines an online knowledge repository with an interactive map visualizing the relationships between concepts. Our teachers and students have started to use this in the core modules at the start of our MSc programme. Tests show that this is a promising approach that drives us to further develop its procedures and applications.


Purpose: To characterize obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) induced blood pressure (BP) variations, using quantitative features derived from BP waveform such as area under beat-to-beat pressure cycle, slope of systolic and diastolic time series, and pulse pressure. Methods: Firstly, to assess the effects of breathing cessation on BP, separate from sleep effects, multiple breath hold maneuvers were performed by 26 volunteer healthy subjects (Age:26.05±3.2 years, BMI:24.67±3.45 kg/m2). Effects of apnea severity and posture on BP variations were studied by varying inter-breath hold intervals and subject's postures. Second study was conducted on 5 OSA patients (Age: 53.60±7.40 years, BMI: 33.66±7.27 kg/m2, AHI: 57.94±25.7) during overnight polysomnography, to validate the findings. Results: Proposed features were sensitive to simulated apnea and OSA effects (p<0.001). Area proved to be responsive to postural changes whereas systolic and diastolic pressures did not. Furthermore, Area and pulse pressure were sensitive to the frequency of simulated apnea. Conclusion: Dynamics of apnea-induced BP variations can be characterized more thoroughly by the proposed features derived from BP waveform.


"Integral relay" isarelay concept inwhich all theaircraft inacontrol sector that areunder thecontrol ofanArmyflight operations center (FOC)areelectronically capable offunctioning as relays forcommunication withaircraft outofdirect contact with theFOC.This paperdeals with theeffectiveness ofintegral relay operations based on theassumption ofrandomspatial distribution ofaircraft. Itdescribes thedevelopment ofacontrol sector line-of-sight (LOS)model andofa methodology foreffectiveness analysis, andtheapplication ofthe methodology toone numerical example. ItisshownthattheLOS conditions inthecontrol sector may berepresented bytwoLOS characteristics which arefunctions ofbothaircraft clearance andthe terrain andFOC characteristics. Probabilities ofdirect andindirect (via relay) LOS between theFOC andrandomly located aircraft are derived foroperations without andwithintegral relay. Theeffectiveness,expressed as an increase inLOS probability, isa function of aircraft density andtheabove twoLOScharacteristics andisrepresentative ofthecontrol sector asawhole. Numerical results areobtained byprobability analysis andstatistical sampling.


'It is a curious fact that with every great revolutionary movement the question of "free love" comes into the foreground', wrote Frederich Engels in 1883.1 Indeed, the English, the French, and the Bolshevik Revolutions all took marriage out of the Church and made it a civil contract. In the French Revolution, there was controversy over Albert-Joseph Hennet's Du Divorce (1789); the French National Assembly established new institutions to deal with family disputes; provisions were made for divorce, marriage without parental consent, rights for illegitimate children, women's property rights; and marriage laws for non-Catholics were clarified.2 In the Russian Revolution, marriage reform was radical: legislative programmes like the Bolshevik 1918 Family Code created civil marriages; provided for equal access to simple divorce; legalised abortion; and made universal provision for alimony and childcare.3 In the English revolutionary period, the Ranters promoted ideas of sexual liberty, Milton advocated divorce, and Parliament passed Acts on Adultery and for the Registering of Marriages.4 These revolutionaries - all anti-monarchical, many republican - focused on marriage not simply because they all did away with royal, hereditary succession. Indeed, there were issues from small to large, involving economic, ethical, political and legal relationships that were under scrutiny in those heady times of radical change. Marriage reform, and the discussions that it provoked, raised questions not simply about love and personal happiness, but also matters of prime importance to the State: issues about the nature of equality and individual liberty; the role of the State or Church (and their institutions of administration, judicature and governance) in personal comportment and affiliation; the nature of the household and of property transfer; duties of individuals to each other; citizenship rights; population increase; the meaning of care and obedience.5 Marriage is, therefore, a significant legitimation strategy in revolutionary discourse. What did English republicanism contribute to this?Apparently, very little. While there has been much scholarly interest recently in the history of the family in Reformation culture, and even in the gendered aspects of English republican thought, marriage within English republicanism has lacked attention.6 It has been left to social historians, religious historians, or to scholars in the history of liberal political thought to explore marriage, whether in its actual social conditions or in its metaphors and consequences after the great changes of the Reformations. Studies on post- Reformation families by Lyndal Roper, Martin Ingram, Ralph Houlbrooke, Robert M. Kingdon and Eric Carlson among others, have highlighted aspects of social, ecclesiastical, and domestic discipline, civic legislation and religious institutions; and have given us a carefully delineated picture of the changes in marital conduct and law in the various communities of reforming Europe.7 As Eric Carlson has explained, the English experience was, of course, exceptional in Europe: unlike continental Protestantism, the Tudor Reformers failed to fix the ecclesiastical marriage law, even as they replaced the traditional sacramental model of marriage with the covenantal and social models drawn from the Continent.8 It seems existing ecclesiastical law sufficed to answer the needs of communities up until the great religious rifts of the mid-seventeenth century. It was not until the 1640s, in Christopher Durston's words, only with the 'determined thrust for cultural change', did marriage come in for reform, with Parliament seeking to control marriages as part of its assignment to the Westminster Assembly in 1643, an adventure culminating in the 'Act touching Marriages and the Registring thereof' passed in 1653.9Rather, in the history of political thought, while scholars of mid-century English republicanism have given little attention to marriage, historians of liberal thought have put the revolution in marriage in relation to contract theory, and as in dialogue with Filmerian patriarchalism. …


Drawing on the conceptual framework of implicit-explicit corporate social responsibility ("CSR"), this paper distinguishes governmental/regulatory force and market/societal force as the two main determinants of CSR and argues that governmental/regulatory force is the dominant driver for implicit mandatory CSR while market/societal force is the dominant driver for explicit voluntary CSR. By using China, the world's second largest economy, as an example, this paper examines how governmental/regulatory force shape a country's CSR system, as opposed to market/societal force. Moreover, due to the rise of corporations' explicit CSR activities and shrinking of implicit mandatory CSR rules in the West, this paper also endeavors to find out whether implicit practices of business responsibility in China will transform into explicit CSR activities. After looking into the tradition, current momentum, and the inadequacy of conventional business case reasoning in China, this paper concludes that despite the increasing role of market/societal force in advancing CSR, governmental/regulatory force remains the dominant driver for CSR development in China, which, in turn, implies more governmental intervention and regulations defining minimum standards of corporate behavior. This paper also discusses different functions that the Chinese government can potentially take in further shaping and promoting CSR.


In recent decades, the use of aluminium alloys is developed in the automotive industry with regard to the need for lightweight and anti-corrosion components, one of which is AA7075 Al alloy. In this study, the multi-step deep drawing process of AA7075 aluminium sheets under various blank holder forces is investigated through a numerical simulation and is then validated with experimental results. Simulations were conducted by ABAQUS finite element software, and the influences of the blank holder force on the wrinkling height, rupture occurrence and thickness distribution of the sheet were studied. The optimum amount of blank holder force at each drawing step is determined so that the height of wrinkling, and the thinning percentage do not exceed the permissible value. Based on the results, the blank holder force magnitude should be considered descending during the four successive steps to achieve more uniform thickness distribution, and also the wrinkling height could be reduced by increasing the blank holder force in the analysed force range. The optimum amount of blank holder force in the four drawing steps was 28000, 2500, 1500 and 600 N, respectively. In general, the minimum thickness was created in the corner of the punch. The results also showed that an excessive increase in the blank holder force in order to eliminate the wrinkling caused the thinning percentage to increase. Finally, a good accordance between the experimental and numerical results was observed.


Developers often refer to video-hosting online platforms to find screencasts that provide a step-by-step guide to help them solve a programming task at hand or learn a new concept. More specifically, developers search for resources that help them design and implement effective mobile graphical user interfaces (GUI) using <monospace>XML</monospace>. Although mobile programming screencasts contain a vast amount of <monospace>XML</monospace> data at developers' disposal, they cannot be easily found and copied-pasted due to the image nature of videos. Given that the most common task developers perform online is copy-pasting, mobile programming screencasts must support that and be complemented with <monospace>XML</monospace> data in a textual format. To overcome this challenge and aid developers, this paper presents <monospace>vid2XML</monospace>, which is a three-phase approach that leverages both visual and textual information of video frames to locate <monospace>XML</monospace> region in video frames, locate the currently opened file, and extract <monospace>XML</monospace> data for each file presented in video frames. We evaluated each phase of <monospace>vid2XML</monospace> in a comprehensive empirical evaluation on videos collected from YouTube. The results reveal that <monospace>vid2XML</monospace> is able to accurately (i) locate <monospace>XML</monospace> regions, outperforming four previous work, (ii) locate the bounding box of the selected file, and (iii) extract, fix, and merge <monospace>XML</monospace> data for each file opened/created in a video.


How to protect the fresh water sources is one of the principal problems in the human society, and obviously the industrial sewerage is the main pollution source. However, some water quality monitoring systems based on WSN have been done; we found that the traditional WSN nods have a disadvantage of short-distance communication among the nods, which limits the application in monitoring the industrial sewerage. In this paper, we describe a new monitoring system, which is based on the ZigBee network, the RF front circuit and the dynamic routing, in order to realize long-distance communication among the nods and real-time monitoring. This system described is general, extensible, self-organized and adaptive, with large area overlay and excellent compatibility.


PURPOSE
To develop and implement a Deep Inhalation Breath Hold program (DIBH) for treatment of patients with Left-sided breast cancer in a community hospital.

METHODS
All patients with left sided breast cancer underwent a screening free breathing CT. Evaluation of the conventional tangent treatment fields and the heart was conducted. If the heart would not be excluded using tangents, the patient then received DIBH breathe coaching. The patients returned for a 4D CT simulation. The patients breathing cycle was monitored using the Varian Real-Time position ManagementTM (RPM) system to assess duration of DIBH, amplitude, phase and recovery time to normal breathing. Then a DIBH CT was obtained at the desired amplitude. Duplicate plans were developed for both free breathing and DIBH on the Eclipse planning system and comparison DVH's were created. The plan that provided the prescribed treatment coverage and the least doses to the OAR (heart, Lt. Lung) was determined. Those patients selected to receive treatment with DIBH were set up for treatment, and breathing was monitored using the RPM system. Practice trials were used to confirm that the amplitude, phase and recovery were consistent with findings from simulation.

RESULTS
10 patients have been treated using the DIBH procedure in our clinic. The DIBH patients had an average increase of 80% lung volume on DIBH, decreased lung volume receiving 50% of the dose, and decreases in the V20 dose. Significant reduction in the maximum and mean dose to the heart, as well as the dose to 1CC of the volume for the DIBH plans.

CONCLUSION
Using the RPM system already available in the clinic, staff training, and patient coaching a simple DIBH program was setup. The use of DIBH has shown promise in reducing doses to the critical organs while maintaining PTV coverage for left sided breast treatments.


General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. SUMMARY Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived dopamine neurons are currently moving toward clinical use for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the timing and extent at which stem cell-derived neurons functionally integrate into existing host neural circuitry after transplantation remain largely unknown. In this study, we use modified rabies virus to trace afferent and efferent connectivity of transplanted hESC-derived neurons in a rat model of PD and report that grafted human neurons integrate into the host neural circuitry in an unexpectedly rapid and extensive manner. The pattern of connectivity resembled that of local endogenous neurons, while ectopic connections were not detected. Revealing circuit integration of human dopamine neurons substantiates their potential use in clinical trials. Additionally, our data present rabies-based tracing as a valuable and widely applicable tool for analyzing graft connectivity that can easily be adapted to analyze connectivity of a variety of different neuronal sources and subtypes in different disease models.


The context of L2 learning (L2LC) is the most immediate learning environment for L2 learners, hence potentially influencing their L2 attitudes and linguistic behaviour. In this paper, we focused on an affective variable (students' attitudes), and social (the classroom as a community of practice/CoP), but also cultural indirectly (students' integration into their CoP). The main aim of the study was to explore the attitudes of two age and educational profile groups to the L2LC, and subsidiary to determine whether their evaluation of the L2LC is connected with the extent to which they are exposed to the L2 through its use as the language of instruction (L2LoI), and the age when they started learning the L2. The main administered instrument was the AL2LC scale, which showed good psychometric properties, and the gathered quantitative data were analysed in IBM SPSS 21. In a nutshell, the results show that the L2LC is one composite factor, closely connected with the frequency of use L2LoI, which gives rise to its actual employment in L2 classes. Secondary school students evaluated their overall L2LC better, and significant differences were found between the age and educational profile groups on individual components. In conclusion, further investigations are needed in order to analyse the L2LC in more detail, but within a broader concept of the L2 learning environment, including other sources of input learners are exposed to, as well as their relation to students' L2 learning attitudes, and potentially achievement.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) and Numbered Head Together (NHT) learning models on mathematics achievement that reviewed students' mathematical reasoning abilities. The research method applied is experimental research. The type of research used is quasi experiment research. The research design used a 3 × 3 factorial design. The research sample was taken using cluster random sampling technique. Data collection used is using two types, namely documentation and tests. The instrument used for data collection consists of tests of mathematical reasoning abilities and tests measuring the ability of students' learning achievement. The test of mathematical reasoning ability is in the form of multiple choice test questions, while learning achievement tests are in the form of objective test questions that contain the sequence and series material according to the indicators measured. Hypothesis testing used is a parametric test with data analysis techniques using the Anova test. The results of the prerequisite test were carried out based on the normality test which can be known by using the Liliefors test and the homogeneity test can be known by using the Barlett test. two paths with cells are not the same. The results of this research review, namely there is the effect of TGT and NHT learning models on students' mathematical reasoning abilities; Mathematical achievement with the TGT model is better than mathematics achievement with NHT learning models and Conventional learning; and students with high mathematical reasoning abilities have better learning achievement compared to moderate and low mathematical reasoning abilities.


The emergence of Green parties has long been explained by the development of post-materialist values in advanced democracies. This article takes a somewhat different perspective, by reassessing the importance of institutional and strategic variables. The comparison between the British and the German cases reinforces the notion that post-materialist values might be considered as characteristics of the Green electorate more than independent variables of the emergence of Green parties. The paper shows that party systems financial and electoral characteristics can strongly influence the emergence of new parties. Similarly, the institutional features of a given system can multiply or reduce the possibilities of entry and of coalition-building of a new party. In the end, from a strategic viewpoint, the internal organisation of a given Green party and its position toward the questions of intra-party democracy, institutionalisation, and incorporation into the parliamentary game are determinant. Therefore, important institutional factors and strategic choices can explain the weaknesses of the Green party as well as the emergence and the conversion of the German Greens to classical political liberalism.


In November 1999 a Distance Learning (DL) initiative for family planning (FP) service providers in Morocco was evaluated in order to document its implementation and its effectiveness for training reproductive health (RH)/FP service providers. A Moroccan team conducted the follow-up evaluation in order to: 1) determine whether the DL initiative had been implemented as planned and identify the factors that facilitated or hindered its implementation; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of the learning course; and 3) make recommendations related to the extension of the DL course to other wilayas of Morocco and the next possible steps. A sample of 50% of the trained providers of both pilot wilayas and a comparison group of 10 untrained providers with the same characteristics as the learners were selected. Findings and conclusions were based on the analysis of results of pre- and post-tests observations and interviews. Overall the DL was implemented as planned. Findings also indicate that participation in the distance learning program resulted not only in improved knowledge levels but also contributed to noticeably strengthening skills and practice.


When I was first asked to deliver a paper on the advantages of valve rectification, I immediately pointed out that it would be more satisfactory to have a debate rather than a paper on this subject. There is, as you know, the mechanical form of rectification and there is a certain amount of difference of opinion as to which is the better method to employ. As a result of my suggestion, your secretary endeavoured to find someone who would come forward to defend mechanical rectification and submit that it is the better type. Unfortunately, he was entirely unsuccessful in finding such a defender and the gentlemen who might have been thought to be most interested in such defence, all seemed to have pressing engagements elsewhere. Now, in the first place, what do we mean by rectification? I need not remind you that the hot cathode valve will pass current in one direction only, namely, when the hot electrode is the negative pole and the plate or cold electrode, is the positive. When the polarity is reversed, the...


Abstract The essential oil content of Artemisia herba-alba Asso decreased along the drying period from 2.5 % to 1.8 %. Conversely, the composition of the essential oil was not qualitatively affected by the drying process. The same principle components were found in all essential analyzed such as α-thujone (13.0 – 22.7 %), β-thujone (18.0 – 25.0 %), camphor (8.6 - 13 %), 1,8-cineole (7.1 – 9.4 %), chrysanthenone (6.7 – 10.9 %), terpinen-4-ol (3.4 – 4.7 %). Quantitatively, during the air-drying process, the content of some components decreased slightly such as α-thujone (from 22.7 to 15.9 %) and 1,8-cineole (from 9.4 to 7.1 %), while the amount of other compounds increased such as chrysanthenone (from 6.7 to 10.9 %), borneol (from 0.8 to 1.5 %), germacrene-D (from 1.0 to 2.4 %) and spathulenol (from 0.8 to 1.5 %). The chemical composition of the oil was more affected by oven-drying the plant material at 35°C. α-Thujone and β-thujone decreased to 13.0 %and 18.0 %respectively, while the percentage of camphor, germacrene-D and spathulenol increased to 13.0 %, 5.5 %and 3.7 %, respectively.