Application of the special active carbon for liquor in Fen-flavour Xiaoqu liquor was described in this article.The carbon has different function according to the type.It is used in different stage of the production process of Fen-flavour Xiaoqu liquor according to different function of it.Thus,the quality of products is improved and the production cost is reduced.


New demands, coming from the industry 4.0 concept of the near future production systems have to be fulfilled in the coming years. Seamless integration of current technologies with new ones is mandatory. The concept of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) is the core of the new control and automation distributed systems. However, it is necessary to provide the global production system with integrated architectures that make it possible. This work analyses the requirements and proposes a model-based architecture and technologies to make the concept a reality.


Pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine and global health are hot topics. They represent enormously active areas of research and development (R&D) and are situated at the epicenter of the genomics innovation and investment agenda, both in developed and resource-limited countries [3]. The theme of "personalization" is taking on global significance in healthcare, not only in the case of drug therapy but also for other interventions such as vaccines and nutrition as well as targeted diagnostics and screening programs for early disease detection and preventive medicine. A fine example of the latter includes testing for deleterious mutations in


Recent VLSI requires materials with high dielectric constant in order to reduce their storage capacitor areas. We attempted to form a tantalum oxide film from Ta(OCH3)5 at a low temperature by photo-CVD method. Our evaluation shows that the photo-CVD film obtained in this study has good step coverage, high dielectric constant (20–24), and low leakage current, and is superior to the thermal-CVD film in various characteristics.


The auditing immune system takes the mission of guarding the national economic security.To ensure the effective implement of the auditing functions,auditing work should transfer its main goal from economic supervision and economic evaluation to economic supervision,economic evaluation as well as early-warning and correcting.Under the premises of establishing multi-level early-warning indicators of economic and social risks and implementing the auditing immune system effectively,a government accountability system based on the economic accountability auditing should be established in order to guarantee the safety and stability of the country's economy.


This report, No. 117 in a series of progress reports issued by the M.I.T. Research Laboratory of Electronics, reviews the research activities of the entire laboratory for the half-year period ending December 31, 1975. Progress for each research unit support by the Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAB07-75-C-1346) is summarized and is designated by the letters JSEP in the outside margin. (Author) (GRA)


Due to the highly complex nature of neuroendocrine-target organ "feedback" relationships, the primary site(s) at which gonadal steroids exert effects on the GH axis remain largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to test the hypotheses that testosterone (T) and estrudiol (E2) can exert direct cell-specific regulatory effects in vivo on hypothalamic neurons which control GH secretion. 7 male rats were castrated at 25d (prepubertally). On day 40, T or E2 was stereotaxically placed into the hypothalamus lateral to the periventricular nucleus (PeN) at the level of the paraventricular n. (PvN). Vehicle (cholesterol) was placed at the identical conicalateral location. Preliminary studies using peroxidase-conjugated E2 demonstrated no crossover of test steroid to the control side. This model allowed exposure of only one side of the hypothalamus to a change in gonadal steroid milieu during a developmental period within which the systemic rise in gonadal steroios occurs naturally in vivo. Using in situ hybridization, we then compared the level ofSS gene expression in PeN neurons of the treatment (TX) vs control (CON) sides. In all 7 brains, the level of SS gene expression was lower (p<.05) in neurons of the TX vs. CON side (86.7±0.3% of CON for T and 80.4 ± 3.6% for E2). Furthermore, the TX effect was anatomically discrete with the dominant effect in the mid PeN region (level of the PvN) and either absent or minor toward the rostral-caudal extremes. These data demonstrate direct in vivo intrahypothalamic regulatory effects of T and E2 on one neuronal subpopulation critical tor control of pituitary GH secretion. This finding strongly indicates that at least one important site for the modulatory effects of T and E2 on the GH axis is within the hypothalamus. This technical approach of highly localized delivery of putative regulatory substances followed by subsequent assessment of gene expression within discrete neuronal subpopulations carries great potential to provide insight toward answering numerous remaining questions regarding neuroendocrine control of GH and other hypothalamic pituitary hormone systems.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) carries a significant risk of esophageal injury. Current methods of esophageal protection are invasive, expensive and their cost-effectiveness can be questioned. Standard placement of dispersive patch (DP) at patient's back exposes esophagus to radio-frequency (RF) current-mediated thermal injury and such complications as esophageal wall ulceration, peri-esophageal injury or life-threatening atrio-esophageal fistula. Redirecting RF current by DP repositioning to anterior chest can theoretically protect oesophagus from thermal injury, however, such an approach has not yet been investigated.

 To determine feasibility of anterior DP position for treatment of AF using RF catheter ablation (RFCA)-based system.

 We retrospectively analysed consecutive patients undergoing  RFCA-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using multi-electrode PVAC catheter with DP located either in anterior or traditional-posterior position. Two additional patients underwent point-by-point RFCA and mapping of PV ostia with impedance measurements during RFCA performed using anterior and posterior DP positioning.

 62 patients (25 females, age 60 ± 12 years) underwent PVI using PVAC: 40 patients in posterior and 22 in anterior DP group. There were no major complications during procedures. There was no significant difference in AF recurrence rate between anterior and posterior DP groups during one-year follow up (log rank p = 0.065). In two additional consecutive patients (1 female, age 74 ± 2 years) undergoing point-by-point RFCA a total number of 30 measurements around PV ostia were performed. There was a significant difference between impedance values in anterior vs posterior DP positions (134 ± 7 Ω vs 122 ± 8 Ω, p = 0.0004).

 Anterior position of dispersive electrode for PV isolation using RFCA-based systems is safe, feasible, atraumatic and is not associated with any additional cost. Apart from redirecting RF current away from the esophagus, anterior dispersive patch placement is associated with higher impedance values which can act as an additional protection. Possible prevention of esophageal complications using anterior dispersive patch positioning needs to be determined in prospective studies. Abstract Figure. AF-free survival and impedance


With its emphasis on addressing symptoms and acute problems, primary care is not currently designed to provide comprehensive geriatric care (Bodenheimer, Wagner, and Grumbach, 2002). This situation is likely to lead to over-treatment (Wennberg et al., 2005), undertreatment (Wenger et al., 2003), or incorrect treatment planning with older adults who have multiple interacting chronic medical conditions (Tsilimingras, Rosen, and Berlowitz, 2003). A collaborative approach to treatment planning may help address this challenge. Collaborative treatment is defined as care mat strengthens and supports self-care in chronic illness while ensuring that effective medical, preventive, and health maintenance interventions take place (Von Korff et al., 1997). Collaborative treatment has been shown to decrease acutecare utilization, improve function, increase the ability to live independently, and increase the use of hospice in geriatric rehabilitation and end-of-life care (Tinetti et al., 2002; Casarett et al., 2005). A practical model of implementation, however, has not yet been suggested in the geriatric literature. Although collaborative treatment has been held up as the ideal in primary care, no established method to meet this ideal has been defined (Saba et al., 2006). This paper describes a method, employed in the context of a research study, to facilitate collaborative treatment planning for older patients in primary care. BALANCING LENGTH OF LIFE AND QUALITY OF LIFE Medical interventions are generally life-extending or life-enhancing. The balance between treatments that extend life and treatments that enhance quality of life shifts with increasing age and worsening health status. Planning care for patients at the extremes of this age and health status continuum is fairly straightforward. However, many older adults have a mix of life-extending and life-enhancing concerns that makes care planning more complicated. Achieving the optimal balance for a given individual may be facilitated through collaborative treatment planning and use of our priority-setting approach. THE PROCESS OF GENERATING CLINICAL PRIORITIES In a randomized controlled trial testing an intervention to improve the care of older adults in primary care, we integrated a geriatric team-consisting of a geriatrician, a gerontologie nurse practitioner, and a geropharmacist-into several primary care practices. The team had consultative and comanagement functions with primary care providers and developed care plans for frail older adults with multiple coexisting conditions. Such patients typically have a long list of medical problems (commonly referred to among Healthcare providers as the "problem list"). Developing a treatment plan that took the lengthy problem list into account was a central challenge that the geriatric team faced with these patients. We refer to the approach adopted by the team to meet this challenge as "clinical priority-setting." How was clinical priority-setting accomplished? The team established clinical priorities with a patient over two visits. At the first visit, the nurse practitioner conducted a standardized assessment that included a review of chronic medical problems, medications, functional status, physical and social activity levels, along with screening for pain, depression, dementia, urinary incontinence, balance problems and falls, completion of advance directives, substance use, and goals and preferences for care. The nurse asked the patient to consider which of the identified problems were most important to him or her. The patient was then scheduled for a follow-up visit in two weeks. At the second visit, the geriatrician met with the nurse and the patient to review findings from the first visit, and classify each identified problem into one of these three categories: 1. Threats to quality of life and safety (e.g., shortness of breath, pain, dementia, depression, falls). 2. …


Many Ghanaian women seeking implant removal are able to obtain services, but knowledge and access gaps exist. Key Findings Although most contraceptive implant users in Ghana are able to access removal services, barriers, including cost, provider reluctance to remove, and difficult removals, exist. Providers express confidence in removing implants, but many are less confident in their ability to perform difficult removals. Key Implications Family planning programs should review and strengthen potential gaps in removal service provision including access to removals for outreach clients, financial disincentives for removal, and provider training and referral systems for difficult removals. More research is needed to assess the prevalence and consequences of difficult implant removals in different settings. ABSTRACT Background: Access to quality removal services is a key component of informed choice in contraceptive implant use; however, limited data exist on users' access to removal services. In Ghana, implants are available across the country and are the most commonly used contraceptive method among married women. Methods: From October 2017 and January 2018, we conducted a phone survey with a stratified random sample of 1,159 women who had obtained an implant from a public-sector Ghana Health Service clinic in 2 regions and 1,073 women who had an implant inserted through Marie Stopes International Ghana (MSIG) mobile outreach in 2 other regions. We also interviewed 50 women just after receiving an implant removal from MSIG. We conducted follow-up in-depth interviews with 20 implant acceptors and 15 implant providers across the 4 study regions. Results: More than four-fifths of women in both service delivery contexts knew that their implant could be removed before its labeled duration. Nearly half of public sector clients and one-third of outreach clients reported that their provider only told them of removal access at the place of insertion. Among women obtaining their implant in the public and outreach sectors, respectively, 32% and 21% reported ever wanting it removed and 61% and 55% who attempted removal obtained a removal on the first attempt. An additional 17% in each context were successful in having their implant removed within 1 week of the first attempt. Most women obtained removal from the same place they received their insertion (81% public, 70% outreach). Most women reported their overall removal experience was very or somewhat easy (74% public, 68% outreach). Challenges included cost, provider availability, interactions with providers, and difficult removals. Conclusions: Access to implant removal is not universal in Ghana. Strengthening removal services in both the public and outreach sectors is needed to ensure comprehensive access.


In this article, a two‐port dielectric resonator (DR)‐based multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna is designed and examined. Some of the vital characteristics of designed antenna are: (a) modified plus shaped aperture fed ring DRA provides dual frequency bands, which can able to make proposed radiator useful for wireless LAN (2.4 GHz) and WiMAX frequency bands (3.3 GHz); (b) conversion of cylindrical to ring shaped DRA enhance the impedance bandwidth of both the operating band; (c) defected ground structure as well as using the idea of changing polarization at two different ports improves the isolation more than 20 dB in the working frequency range. For confirming the computer‐generated results, prototype of proposed two‐port radiator is fabricated. After observing the measured outcomes, it can be confirmed that the proposed antenna works over dual frequency ranges, that is, 2.3‐2.9 GHz/3.4‐4.0 GHz and it also creates CP waves in between 3.45 and 3.8 GHz. Far field and diversity parameters confirm that the designed radiator can be used in MIMO communication system.


Scopolamine and hyoscyamine are important anticholinergic compounds obtained from Hyoscyamus niger. Adventitious roots induced from rhizome of H. niger and roots were cultured in SH medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.5 mg/L IBA. Roots were grown rapidly after 10 days of cultures. Scopolamine production was increased 7 times and hyoscyamine production was increased 12 times after 10 day of cultures. SH medium was best in root growth. But, highest scopolamine productivity was observed in WPM medium, followed White medium and best hyoscyamine productivity was resulted in MS medium. Sucrose was increased scopolamine and hyoscyamine production were increased the medium supplemented by sucrose comparing to than those by other carbon sources.


Recently, many artificial intelligence network models have achieved excellent performance on image classification tasks. However, these models do not take advantage of knowledge about how memory works in the human brain. Most deep learning methods are designed and run based on primary visual networks. With the further deepening of cognition in the field of brain science, the biological mechanism of the neocortex, such as the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex with long-term semantic memory, has been found to play an essential role in the human recognition of images. Therefore, we propose a semantic memory neural network model based on two-dimension coding method(SMNN-TDC), which is used to simulate the long-term semantic memory operation mechanism of the human brain to recognize visual images and obtain key target semantics, further improving the recognition of important image features. Specifically, the method improves the residual network and adds an attention module to simulate the operation process of the memory mechanism of the human brain. The improvement of the residual network is based on the mechanism of the interconnection of the various brain subsystems, and the attention mechanism is added because each visual cortex has the function of perfecting edge information. Final image classification experiments show that our framework can capture good target semantic features and perform well on benchmark datasets.


This article describes how It was almost audible. The sigh of relief that followed the passage of the so-called "jobs bill", actually the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act, was a release of months of pent-up tension. Prior to HIRE the venerable SAFETEA-LU had stumbled through four short extensions and both contractors and government agencies were holding their breath worrying that replacement six-year surface transportation funding legislation would never arrive. HIRE basically gave us SAFETEA-LU TWO, an extension through the end of the year, essentially keeping the old act's machinery, and money, in place. The construction season was saved. And so we exhaled. But does HIRE'S nine-month extension provide an automatic and well-oiled segue into a recognizable highway bill? A common reaction to HIRE's passing was that transportation funding was on solid ground until the end of the year and states could begin the construction season by creating jobs and doing much needed highway and bridge work because the Highway Trust Fund had enough money, guaranteed, through the end of the year. An allied reaction was that this created a period of relative calm after the tumultuous fights for the four extensions, a period that would allow Congress to finally come together on a multi-year highway and transit reauthorization bill, a new SAFETEA-LU.


In an effort to overcome the small size of optical and IR imaging arrays a wide range of techniques for building mosaics of small arrays has been attempted. These methodologies are typically handicapped by one or more shortcomings, including a severe limit on the number of detectors which can be built into the mosaic, physical (non-imaging) gaps in the array, or difficulty of fabrication of imaging optics. We have developed an optical technique which has the capacity to enable extremely large mosaics of 2D arrays, while at the same time exhibiting absolutely no gaps between the elements of the mosaic. Further, through parallel processing of the detectors in the mosaic very high speed readouts of the image data are possible relative to than achievable with comparable large monolithic arrays (if they could even be fabricated). Several laboratory bench prototypes of this imaging system have been built and tested with outstanding results. We discuss the possible optical configurations of the system, techniques for aligning the arrays, and possible configurations for use at the telescope. Examples of test imagery obtained with the prototypes are shown.


The present paper is aimed at reporting our analysis results of the affecting factors of the longitudinally induced velocity on the smoke control in highway tunnels.For our research purpose,first of all,we have introduced the engineering practice that the central smoke extraction system to be used in a highway tunnel and ways on how to identify the reasonable longitudinally induced velocities under the likely-to-be induced fire scenarios,so as to establish a numerical analysis model of the highway tunnel based on the fire dynamics simulation software FDS.And,next,we have designed an array of the corresponding fire simulation conditions and ways to determine the fire size in a tunnel according to the actual tunnel traffic flow,the vehicle types,and the highway grades.As we know,the visibility at a distance of 2m above the ground along the tunnel,the smoke spreading distance in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel,and the smoke extraction efficiency of the exhaust valves are but a few moat essential factors to be taken into account as the key evaluation indexes,except for the different longitudinally induced velocities to be taken into consideration in case of the tunnel fire involving the central smoke extraction system.Moreover,in such fire cases,it is necessary to come into mind how to deal with the problems,such as two-way balanced smoke or one-way smoke exhaust towards the upward one-way or the downward one-way exhaust,respectively.Take a 50 MW tunnel fire for example,different locations are to be taken into account if the fire is located in the central part of a tunnel,or 1 upstream exhaust inlet/5 downstream exhaust inlets or 2 upstream exhaust inlets/4 downstream exhaust inlets of the opened exhaust inlets.Based on such accounts,it would be possible to identify the reasonable longitudinally induced velocities according to the simulation results among the many choices.The results of the simulated conditions show that:the influence of different longitudinally induced velocities on the smoke control under the central smoke extraction system is of great significance.Moreover,under the specific size of fire,reasonable longitudinal induced velocities may have little difference if different exhaust modes are respectively taken or when the fires are located in different spots.


1. Total four sprays as per treatments were undertaken at 15 days interval starting from 15 days after emergence of the crop.
2. Observations on defoliators (semilooper Chrysodeixis acuta , tobacco leaf eating caterpillar Spodoptera litura, and hairy caterpillar Spilosima obliqua if any) and natural enemies, lady bird beetle, chrysopa, and spider was recorded 24 hours before and after 3,7,10, and 14 days after each sprays.
3. The Observations on the larval population of defoliators was recorded from each one meter row length (mrl) by randomly selecting five spots of one meter row length in each plot and average number of larvae /mrl was worked out.
4. Observations on natural enemies was recorded by randomly selecting five plants from each net plots and average number per plant were calculated separately.
5. The yield data from each plot was recorded at maturity stage.
6. The data thus obtained from the above experiment was subjected to statistical analysis after appropriate transformation. Lastly economics and the ICBR of various treatments were calculated.


Networklayer. The networklayer is in charge of information transmission acrossnetworks. This layer handles the directing of information between PCs. Directing requires some mind boggling and critical strategies for a parcel exchanged system structure. To achieve the steering of bundles sending from a source and conveying to a goal, a way or course through the system must be chosen. This layer makes an interpretation of sensible system tending to into physical locations and oversees issues, for example, outline discontinuity and traffic control. The system layer analyzes the goal address and decides the connection to be utilized to achieve that goal.. This paper is about what language is, how language works, and ways to define languages.


HCI Design Patterns have seen increased use with the advent of web-based portals that allow download and use of Human-Computer Interface components. A challenge for developers of patterns is the incorporation of good human factors principles into their designs. Another challenge for designers and developers is the selection of the best pattern for the appropriate user task and application. This paper presents a discussion of pattern use in an agile design process, using a notional toolset to aid in matching patterns to HCI design problems.


This paper focuses on the war correspondents traveling in the Balkans during the period of the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) to cover military campaigns. It tries to explore the paths of information, the mechanisms of propaganda and the restrictions used by the Balkan states to control the content of the news transmitted. The Balkan Wars were among the first military events covered so extensively by newspapers all around the world. In the battle-fields the principles of the new field of journalism were highly tested. The lessons learnt in the Balkans during the Balkan Wars proved to be productive and useful for the improvement of the relationship between war correspondents and military authorities.


The use of fly ash as a substitute for cement clinker brings some benefits, but also problems. One of the biggest problems of using fly ash in general is its high variability. This paper is dedicated not only to the variability of fly ash in the Czech Republic, but the issue of different water absorption of fly ash is described here as well. In addition, one of the options for coping with variability is stated here. If we follow one of the main indicators for sorting fly ash, which is the grading curve, we can optimize the use of ash produced. Based on grading curves, the mixing of various ash fractions was optimized with regard to the porosity of the mixture. Porosity has a direct effect on the compressive strength of the resulting material. This optimization will subsequently be verified experimentally.


INTRODUCTION
Smoking, low education, obesity, and depressive symptoms are all associated with HIV health status, increased blood pressure, and inflammation, and constitute a syndemic burden that may contribute to poor health outcomes. The current study examined syndemic burden and health outcomes among women living with HIV (WLHIV).

METHODS
Women were participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Outcomes included blood pressure, HIV health status (HIV-1 RNA viral load and CD4 T-cell counts), and interleukin-6. Syndemic burden was defined as a count variable of low education, obesity, cigarette use, and depressive symptoms.

RESULTS
Women (N = 131) were an average of 60.54 years of age (SD = 8.86), and 49% were non-Hispanic Black. In multivariable analyses, syndemic burden was not significantly associated with systolic (p = .342) or diastolic blood pressure (p = .763), interleukin-6 (p = .168), or CD4 count (p = .846). However, syndemic burden was associated with increased viral load (age adjusted β = .35, p < .001). Comparing women with high versus low syndemic burden, also controlling for women's age, women with high syndemic burden had higher diastolic blood pressure and HIV viral load.

DISCUSSION
Syndemic burden appeared to play an important role in HIV health status and could potentially increase the risk of HIV transmission. High syndemic burden, defined as at least two syndemic conditions, had the greatest effects of HIV viral load and diastolic blood pressure. Targeted interventions to address syndemic burden may help improve health outcomes in WLHIV as well as reduce the risk of hypertension and HIV transmission.


Ketogenic diet(KD)has an auxiliary treatment for refractory epilepsy.It is recently demonstrated by clinical practice and researches that KD is effective in some children with refractory epilepsy.Despite much progress has been made on the anticonvulsant mechanisms of KD, no biological target related to clinical efficacy has been found so far.The biochemical characteristics of KD and its metabolic changes are discussed(including the roles of neuronal γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, ATP sensitive potassium channels and purine metabolism, and so on). The mechanism and recent progress of KD in the treatment of refractory childhood epilepsy are reviewed.

Key words:
Ketogenic diet; Metabolism; Epilepsy; Child


To determine if the two common polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, C677T and A1298C, affect tumour aggressiveness or prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) in Japanese patients.


The periocular biometric comes into the spotlight recently due to several advantageous characteristics such as easily available and provision of crucial face information. However, many existing works are dedicated to extracting image features using texture based techniques such as local binary pattern (LBP). In view of the simplicity and effectiveness offered, this paper proposes to investigate into projection-based methods for periocular identity verification. Several well established projection-based methods such as principal component analysis, its variants and linear discriminant analysis will be adopted in our performance evaluation based on a subset of FERET face database. Our empirical results show that supervised learning methods significantly outperform those unsupervised learning methods and LBP in terms of equal error rate performance.


The paper describes how financial and economic aspects can be analysed and quantified in environmental assessment, and how this can be related to the losses or gains in any given project. Projects which require environmental assessment often have the image of being harmful to the environment - as is the case of new roads, railways or developments which either take land out of agriculture or attract an environmentally damaging image. Many projects involve resources which are not traded and which are not always valued in financial or economic terms. Nonetheless, they are capable of being valued in this way, and their evaluation leads to greater understanding in decision-making. The study, undertaken to assess the costs and benefits of drainage for the middle and south level barrier banks on the Ouse Washes, demonstrates how (a) financial and economic analysis of the cost, and (b) the gains of a project, can guide the allocation of public resources to the benefit of the environment.


Some curtain airbags have fill hose type diffusers. Thorough experiments, these type curtain airbags showed different deployment characteristics when the size or location of a vent hole in the fill hose varied. MADYMO gas flow module had been applied to predict these phenomena, to no avail. By this reason, a simplified model which are composed of rigid pipes and tanks was introduced and computer simulations using MADYMO gas flow module and FLUENT had been performed. Discontinuities of solutions were founded in the MADYMO gas flow results when multi-chamber was defined. Results of FLUENT are similar to the flow in a shock tube. In addition to that, it is founded that the stiffness of a fill hose has much influence on the deployments of curtain airbags.


reaction in a patient who, because of repeated transfusions, has developed antibodies for compatible bloods. It is now agreed that transfusion never cures pernicious anemia, and patients in whom the best results are obtained are those who are most likely to have a spontaneous remission who react best to any treatment. The pro-cedure must be regarded as a useful and often effective method for the alleviation of distressing subjective symptoms, and in rare and carefully selected cases- may even be a life-saving measure.


Phenological asynchrony between white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), and its host trees may largely explain why certain trees resist insect damage. In trials with Sitka spruce clones, adult P. strobi and their egg progeny were found mainly on trees whose seasonal development was best synchronized to successful insect reproduction. The least damaged trees started spring development first, suggesting that these trees developed beyond the optimal stage for weevil oviposition before enough spring heat units accumulated for the insect to become gravid. Seasonal variation in resistance was demonstrated by advancing or retarding the period when weevil oviposition occurs: when oviposition was advanced, normally resistant trees became more susceptible; and when oviposition was retarded, susceptible trees became resistant. Resistance thus may be seasonally transient rather than permanent. Resistance coincided with high production of wound resin. The observed variation in resistance of translocated trees at different planting sites reported in the literature may thus reflect changes in tree phenology under different environmental conditions. This asynchrony in phenology may be used to regulate P. strobi damage. Because damage resistance may be largely site specific, it is important to match the tree to the planting site.


Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether‐photodynamic therapy (HMME‐PDT) has achieved encouraging clinical outcomes in adult port‐wine stain (PWS). Optimal treatment option for children with PWS was minimal. To compare whether the clinical effectiveness of HMME‐PDT with the 5‐min (fast) administration treatment regimen (FATR) was better than the 20‐min (slow) administration treatment regimen (SATR) for PWS of children in vivo and in vitro. Thirty‐four children with PWS were divided into two groups including FATR and SATR. The two groups received three times HMME‐PDT, respectively. Treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Erythema index (EI) was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Both FATR and SATR were effective and safe in children with PWS after HMME‐PDT. There were significance differences between the two groups in reductions of EI after the second treatment (p < 0.001) and the third treatment (p < 0.001) with HMME‐PDT. The serum HMME concentration reach the peak level at short time compare with SATR group. A significance increased superoxide levels were observed in FATR group compare to SATR groups in vitro (p < 0.05). Our study suggested that HMME‐PDT was effective and safe for children with PWS, the therapy regimen with FATR was better in clinical efficacy than that of the SATR.


1. A series of 79 bronchoscopies on 37 children with pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. 2. The children were selected at random, without particular regard for the usual criteria for bronchoscopy. 3. Twelve (32.4 per cent) had visible endobronchial disease. In seven this was manifested by granulomata, in four by deformities resulting from the pressure of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, and in one by inflammatory orificial stenosis. 4. Drugs alone brought about resolution of enlarged nodes and granular mucous membrane but not of formed granulomata. 5. Bronchoscopic removal of granulomata and aspiration of exudate was effective in restoring to normal appearance those bronchi visibly involved by granulomatous disease. 6. Both the x-ray and clinical signs are unreliable in determining prior to bronchoscopy which child will have visible endobronchial disease. 7. Bronchoscopy is an important adjunct in the diagnoses and treatment of children with pulmonary tuberculosis and should be performed on those in whom the total picture indicates the necessity of more than merely casual observation.


To the Editor: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a rare lung disease typically affecting women of reproductive age, is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of smooth-muscle cells and the progressive ...


There is evidence of risk with the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy and to neonatal health and beyond, according to a study published in Human Reproduction.


Objective To study the growth laws of test-tube seedlings of Tiepishihu(Dendrobium candidum),and provide a scientific basis for the rational control technique of test-tube seedlings in different growth periods.Method The indexes of growth development,content of polysaccharide and soluble protein,and photosynthetic characteristics were detected by applying general method.Result The increase of the height and stem thickness of test-tube seedlings was the fastest 5 to 8 months after sowing.The tillering peak was observed on 6th and 11th month respectively,and rooting peak was observed on 5th,9th and 12th month respectively.The biomass accumulation rate of test-tube seedlings was the highest during 7th to 8th months and 10th to 12th months.The ratio of root to stem(R/T) was relative low and the proportion between average dry weight of a single seedling to the total dry weight accounted to 90.6%.The content of polysaccharide in test-tube seedlings was the highest(5.07%) on 11th month and then decreased gradually.The content of soluble protein was highest(211.28 mg/g) on 8th month and then decreased gradually and reached lowest(119.55 mg/g) on 12th month.The test-tube seedlings grew well from 6th to 11th months.The best time for the transplant of the test-tube seedlings was on 10th month according to the dynamic accumulation of dry matter,changes of polysaccharide and soluble protein,seedling vitality and cost.The change of chlorophyll content showed obviously a trend of decreasing at first,and then increasing and decreasing again,and the change of photosynthetic rate was the same as that of the chlorophyll content during the growth development of the test-tube seedlings.After 10 months the chlorophyll content began to degrade.The changes of light saturation point and maximum electron transport rate of the test-tube seedlings were stable relatively,and the latter reached the highest 26 μmol/(m2·s) on 9th and 10th month.On 12th month the light saturation point and maximum electron transport rate reached the lowest.Conclusion The germination rate and quality of the test-tube seedlings of Tiepishihu are influenced mostly by the ripeness of seed.The intensity of illumination of tissue culture room is 27 μmol/(m2·s),so the lower illumination may be one of factors limiting the growth of test-tube seedlings.It is better for transplant 10 months after sowing.The ratio of a/b of chlorophyll is controlled through regulating the light quality ratio of red and blue light,which will be good to improving the growth development of the test-tube seedlings.


The title compound, C16H14Cl3N3O2S, is an important intermediate for the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds. The chloro- and dichlorophenyl rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 40.41 (3)°. The intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond results in the formation of a nearly planar five-membered ring, which is oriented at dihedral angles of 24.36 (3) and 22.27 (3)° with respect to the chloro- and dichlorophenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules.


Vacuum arc consists of cathode spot and mixing zone, arc column and anode zone. The separate jets and the mixing zone should be considered in the model of vacuum arc, especially the diffuse arc. In this paper, mixing and interaction of multi-cathode spot vacuum arc jets were studied through simulation. To investigate the mixing and interaction of vacuum arc jets a steady 3D Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) modeling was required. In order to find out the influence of different parameters on mixing and interaction of vacuum arc jets, models with different parameters such as currents, angel of vacuum arc jets, with or without electromagnetic equations and tilted jets were simulated. Six cylindrical jets were modeled to study the process of mixing and interaction of multi-cathode spot vacuum arc jets. Based on the simulation results, the ion number density, temperature distribution, flow velocity and ion pressure were given and analyzed.


The recent studies on photocatalyst preparation and the fixation technique of catalyst are reviewed. The aim is to provide the help to develop high efficient, practical photocatalyst. Finally, further research efforts and possible advancement of photocatalytic domian are discussed.


This project aims to apply the warning system to prevent accidents which involving vehicles such as cars and trucks when the driver was drunk by using the detection of breath alcohol detector's concept or, more commonly known as a breathalyzer system that can monitor the person's blood alcohol concentration. This product can detect the presence of alcohol molecule in the breath sample and displays the results by referring to the alcohol concentration are detected from the driver once the driver want to start to drive the vehicles. In this project, the design of this project includes the development of hardware and software as the device modules. Hardware part includes of the sensor circuit, the PIC Microcontroller circuit, LED circuits and Buzzer as the alarm circuits. Software part will covers coding programming in the PIC microcontroller by using PIC C programming. During testing, breath alcohol detector can detect the presence of alcohol from the breath sample from drunken driver. Breath sample will analyzed and displayed in units of the Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). Breath samples were analyzed and presented in the unit value of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). Based on the values that have been detected alcohol breath, this system will operate and will give warnings to the drunken drivers who are in drunken condition to not continue driving the vehicles via alarm from buzzer and LED will show their BAC.


This paper proposes a method by which the estimated values of the unknown parameters of system are converged to the true values in finite time using adaptive deadbeat controller. After those are converged to the true values, the deviation from these values do not virtually exist or, if any, extremely small. Also we apply this technique of deadbeat convergence to a system contaminated with white noise or colored noise. It is shown that the estimated parameters of those systems approach the true values in finite time even though the performance do not match perfectly with the system without noises.


The intense technological and natural anthropogenic load on the soils of the Stavropol Territory, leading to a violation of its ecological and production functions and a decrease in fertility, requires a differentiated approach when introducing a particular soil cultivation system for a specific type or subtype of soil. It is proposed to develop a generalized indicator D for assessing the implementation of various systems of basic tillage for different types of soils based on criterion factors: humus content (%), soil density (d, g/cm3), soil resistivity (T, kg/cm2) and soil ped content >10 mm (C, %). As a result of calculations of the indicator Dfact for a specific soil and comparing its values with the range of Dtest it was found that for ordinary chernozem and solonetzic chernozem with Dfact equal to 0.889 and 0.932, moldboard plowing is acceptable for certain crops in the crop rotation, dark chestnut and chestnut soils with Dfact equal to 0.828 and 0.778, respectively, it is preferable to cultivate without moldboard with a combination of different methods and depth of soil cultivation, on light chestnut soils (Dfact=0.749), minimization with shallow mulching is recommended.


Honey is a kind ofinvigorant which is rich in nutrition.To develop the deep processing level of honey,the technical parameters of the honey powders by freeze drying were evaluated by the orthogonal test design.The results showed that the heating temperature at 100℃,the vacuum of 50Pa,the malt dextrin ratio of 30% and the soluble solids content of 10% were optimal conditions.The main nutrition of honey did not change after the freeze-dried technology.


We study the problem of learning about the effect of one market-level variable (e.g., price) on another (e.g., quantity) in the presence of shocks to unobservables (e.g., preferences). We show that economic intuitions about the plausible size of the shocks can be informative about the parameter of interest. We illustrate with a main application to the grain market. (JEL D83, E23, G13, Q11)


In their article "Beyond the Common Core...," Cassidy, Ortlieb, and Grote-Garcia (2016), express concern that the new Common Core State Standards (CCSS; National Governors Association [NGA] Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers [CCSSO], 2010) may have the "unintended consequence" of diverting instructional attention from the needs of struggling readers. Although it is correct that CCSS focuses on the needs of all students, not just those with reading problems, the consequence of that may be more positive than Cassidy et al. (2016) assume. I suspect the situation is akin to trying to see dim stars; they are better seen when not looked at directly. By re-centering our vision on the reading needs of all, the instructional needs of struggling readers might come into clearer focus. There definitely are educational issues that only concern struggling readers: how and when to determine needs, the kinds of instruction to be provided in supplemental interventions, or whether extra assistance should be pushed into classrooms or students should be pulled out for such tuition. However, there are at least as many issues that equally concern both struggling readers and those whose learning trajectories are less fraught. For example, quality of teachers and their preparation, high quality curriculum materials, reliable and valid assessments, attentive and supportive parent involvement are concerns that matter to all students. What we want students to learn to do is one of those issues that ultimately must concern all. In our system, the idea of having different educational goals for different kinds of students is repugnant to our values. If we want all students to have an opportunity to obtain higher education or to enter into gainful employment, then we cannot establish reading goals consistent with such objectives for some of our children, but not for others —no matter what their race, language background, economic circumstances, or disabilities or disadvantages.


Abstract The dynamic concepts and principles enunciated by two classic twentieth-century thinkers, Halford J. Mackinder, a geographer from Oxford University and Nicholas J. Spykman, a historian from Yale University, are analyzed within their historical context to better understand their dynamic geopolitical concepts such as the Heartland, Pivot Areas, Eurasian Maritime Periphery, and the role of Latin America. Their concepts are subsequently qualified and applied to form a more coherent geopolitical framework for aligning American foreign and military policies to ensure that Washington's inherent interests are protected to the greatest extent possible from a rising Asian power namely, China.


ABSTRACT Fresh fruits and vegetables are perishable products with active metabolism during the post-harvest period; the proper packaging can extend shelf life. The objective of this research has been interested to produce bio-composite film packaging for fresh fruits and vegetables based on poly (lactic acid); PLA, poly butylene succinate; PBS, and natural filler (modified spent coffee grounds; SCG, and cassava starch; ST) by using blow film extruder. The bio-composite film varied in the weight percentage of ST at 0, 5, and 10%wt. control content of PBS at 5%wt. and SCG at 5%wt. The mechanical properties of the PLA blending with PBS can improve % Elongation of the biocomposite film. The cassava starch acts as a nucleating agent present in the cold crystallization temperature was decreased and the degree of crystallinity increased, as well as induced chain mobility, presented in a slight decrease of the glass transition temperature. The SCG and ST particles have a good distribution in the biopolymer phase, the film color was present in light-brown color because of the brown color of SCG particle. The addition of natural filler can improve the UV-light barrier properties, reduce costs, and increase the degradability rate of the film. The WVTR of the biocomposite film was increased with the amount of natural filler added. However, all the biocomposite films presented a water contact angle around 72–75°, this result is essential for the film to apply in a higher humidity environment. The food simulants with aqueous at 40°C and 4°C, 10% ethanol and 3% acetic acid for 10 days were present, the overall migration was less than 10 mg/dm2. The final product from biocomposite film can evaluate the food safety, UV-protection and prolong the shelf-life of fresh vegetables.


This project will be exploring the BERT model and possible extensions. The BERT model has been an important innovation in natural language processing, and performs extremely well on single-task evaluation. The goal of this project is to extend its performance to multitask scenarios, specifically on sentiment analysis, paraphrase detection, and semantic textual similarity. This project explored four ways of extending BERT: including additional dropout layers with layer normalization to reduce overfitting, including RELU layers for performance improvement , including cosine similarity when completing tasks which focus on similarity, and multitask finetuning by training all three tasks at the same time and combining their loss functions. These extensions concretely improved performance of the model over baselines. This project also utilized parameter search to locate ideal hyperparameters for the improved model, which similarly boosted performance on the three tasks of relevance. The main findings were that including additional dropout layers significantly reduced overfitting, cosine similarity was effective in increasing comparison-based scores, and multitask finetuning and RELU layers had smaller, but definite improvements. Increasing batch sizes notably improved efficiency with slight impact on scores, increasing dropout rates decreased overfitting but hurt performance, and increasing the learning rate had harmful effects on the optimal model's performance. 1 Key Information to include • Mentor: Gabriel Poesia • External Collaborators (if you have any): N/A • Sharing project: N/A


The asymptotic distribution of the sup-norm of the heavily weighted empirical process is established in the multidimensional case. This theorem extends in particular the famous result in Jaeschke (1975, 1979) to higher dimensions. There is a striking difference between the behaviour for higher dimensions and that for dimension one, especially the limiting distribution is now a simple transformation of a standard exponential random variable.


With the rapid growth of real world applications for natural language processing (NLP) systems, there is a genuine demand for a general toolkit from which programmers with no linguistic knowledge can build specific NLP systems. Such a toolkit should have a parser that is general enough to be used across domains, and yet accurate enough for each specific application. In this paper, the fusion of two parsers to achieve both generality and accuracy in handling domain specific NL problems is described. Testing this combined parser on a corpus shows that the accuracy is significantly higher than a system that uses a single parser.


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between children's aggression, their anger regulation strategy and anger regulation degree. Using an aggression scale, a total of 428 elementary school children in grades 5 and 6 were examined and partitioned into two groups; -the high aggression group (n = 107) and low aggression group (n = 109). They rated the degree to which they felt anger in anger events. They selected one strategy used to regulate anger. Then they rated the degree to which they felt anger after using the selected regulation strategy. The results of this study showed that the high aggression group responded by high degree of anger, low degree of anger regulation and used more affect diffusion strategy. Regardless of children's aggression source, support pursuit strategy was confirmed to be the most effective remedial method while children regulated anger in anger events.


We describe spectral properties of positive maps over finite dimensional C∗-algebras, following the classical work of Evans and Hoegh-Krohn [EH-K]. We also study the extremal points of the set of completely positive doubly-stochastic maps over Mn(C), following Landau and Streater [LS].


This research measures perceptual differences between sales and sales careers among business students studying in the United States, Switzerland, and Turkey. Earlier studies indicate that selling and a sales career are not viewed favorably by students in the United States and several other countries. This study expands on prior studies by comparing perceptions of students in the United States to students in two European nations. A total of 867 business students were surveyed in the three countries using variables identified in previous research. The findings indicate that nationality is associated with students' perception of sales jobs and feelings about selling.


Treatment of coal tar with tetrapropyldiborane (6) (TPDB) under hydrogen pressure (90-150 bar) at 220 o C results in the hydrogenation of the polycyclic arene components. The main products formed and identified are tetralin, its alkyl derivatives, the octahydro derivatives of anthracene and phenanthrene, as well as, the tetrahydro derivatives of pyrene, chrysene and benzopyrenes


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and criteria of ultrasonography in children with congenital internal jugular phlebectasia.Methords One hundred and thirty-one children with congenital internal jugular phlebectasia and 100 healthy children were enrolled. The diameters of internal jugular veins(IJV)at short axis were measured by ultrasonography in eupnea and crying or Valsalva's test, and morphological characteristic of IJV was observed. Results In eupnea, there was no significant difference in diameters of IJV between the two groups. In Valsalva's test, the diameters of IJV in experimental group were larger than that in control group(P0.05). The transverse and antero-posterior diameter of IJV averagely increased to 2.47 and 2.42 times of eupnea. Blood flow in expanded IJV showed eddy current. Color Doppler ultrasound showed colorful blood flow. Spectrum Doppler ultrasonography showed a transient reverse flow. Conclusion Ultrasonography is a preferred method in the diagnosis of congenital internal jugular phlebectasia. Other imaging examinations may be needed to diagnose the patients who progress worsely.


Crop loss caused by chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, was estimated in field plantings of chilli and sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum L. Quantitative yield loss was maximum in chilli pepper in contrast to qualitative yield loss caused due to scarring by thrips on sweet pepper. More than 90% yield reduction was observed on chilli pepper compared to 11- 32% in sweet pepper because of thrips infestation. Qualitative yield loss of 88-92% was observed in sweet pepper. Highly significant negative correlation between marketable yield (fruits free of scarring damage) and rating for thrips damage on different days after transplanting was observed in sweet pepper. Total yield was not significantly correlated with damage ratings on different days after transplanting in sweet pepper but was correlated in chilli pepper. Retention of dry sepals after fertilization on developing fruits influenced qualitative yield loss in sweet pepper.


The author examines what makes a generation portfolio sustainable. He describes how BC Hydro has been wrestling with this question, and has come up with some ideas. They can be used to guide decisions as to what generation resources are "allowable" in a sustainable portfolio, or to stimulate discussion as to what sustainability means in practice.


The utility model discloses a hybrid electrical energy quality governance device which comprises an active part and a passive part, wherein the active part comprises APFs (active power filters) and SVGs (static var generators); the SVGs are used for providing transient reactive power, and the APFs are used for filtering harmonic waves; not less than two groups of APFs and SVGs are respectively provided, and the APFs and the SVGs are connected in parallel with a three-phase power grid in a transformer isolation mode; the passive part comprises an SVC (static var compensator), the SVC is used for providing stable reactive power and comprises a TSC (thyristor switched capacitor), a TCR (thyristor controlled reactor) and an FC (fixed capacitance compensator), and the TSC, the TCR and the FC are respectively and directly connected with the three-phase power grid; the TSC is used for providing high-capacity capacitive reactive power, and the FC is used for providing low-capacity reactive power and serves as a main sub-harmonic filter branch of the TCR to carry out coordinated comprehensive compensation and harmonic governance on an electrical energy system.


Abstract Attention is called to some half-hidden influences on the tester's practice which arise from the social, professional, and interpersonal contexts in which he works. The ubiquitousness of these influences and fruitful directions in which to look for them are indicated. The sources of such influences include: Those stemming from extraordinary use of tests; from special aspects of the patient; from the process of communicating test findings and the settings in which this takes place; and those stemming from personal professional motives. Psychologists are encouraged to include self-conscious consideration of these kinds of half-hidden influences among the technical and intrapsychic influences with which they work.


This study is relating to the study of relation between the level of using internet among juveniles and their tendency to delinquency. In this study that has been performed as one field we study meaningfulness of the relation between the juveniles who use internet and non users based on the tendency to the delinquency and it is determined that there is a meaningful relation between the level of using internet among juveniles and their tendency to delinquency Keyword: Juveniles, internet, delinquency, identity crisis, chat


Recent months have seen a resurgence of articles about Cuba, spurred in no small measure by the transfer of leadership from Fidel Castro to his brother Raúl. Opponents both hard and soft line openly discuss "transition" as if it were a given that Cuba will soon become some kind of capitalist society. Those who are preparing to dance in the Orange Bowl as soon as the word arrives that Fidel has passed (the word has come several times already but proved false) even hope to return to the good old days when Cuba was a virtual colony of the United States. Sometimes, lost in all this noise from Cuba's enemies, is the fact that the left attacks Cuba too. Often these two lines of criticism display the same kind of errors, usually based on ignorance or deliberate distortion. One case would be Paul D'Amato, Managing Editor of International Socialist Review, whose article "Cuba: Image and Reality" (ISR, Jan.–Feb. 2007, 38–49) shows no more understanding of the historical process in Cuba than do Bush's firm allies in Miami. D'Amato's diatribe breaks down into several parts. One, sectarian infighting with the Workers World Party and Sam Marcy; two, a whirlwind tour of the revolutionary process from 1952 to the present; and three, an all-out criticism of present Cuban institutions leading to the conclusion that Cuba is far from a socialist state (pp. 47–48). In the process he becomes so tangled as to say that one should oppose the US blockade of Cuba but that its lifting would lead back to colonization. If this were true, any real friend of Cuba would struggle to uphold the blockade! Our concern in this short comment is not points one and two above, but rather the final one. In fact, D'Amato is correct in asserting that the Cuban Revolution was not the product of a mass workers' uprising nor even of a mass peasant mobilization. Rather, it was the work of a


Objective To analyze and evaluate retrospectively the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 44 patients with small cell lung cancer(SCLC) confirmed after operation.Methods Fortyfour patients with SCLC:stage Ⅰ,15 cases(34.1%),stage Ⅱ,13 cases(29.6%),stage Ⅲ,12 cases(27.3%) and stageⅣ,4 cases(9.1%) were analyzed.All of them had undergone radical operation except 1 segmentectomy case,and all received chemotherapy for 4-8 cycles with"etoposide + cisplatin or carboplatin"or"taxinol + cisplatin or carboplatin"regimen after operation.The patients were followed up for 1,3,5year survival rates.Results The 1,3,5-year survival rates of 44 cases were 84.3%,48.2% and 18.1% respectively.The efficacy of the postoperative treatment with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for stageⅠandⅡcases was good,but was not useful for stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ cases.Conclusion Postoperative treatment with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy had good therapeutic effects for stagesⅠandⅡ SCLC.


The influence of the thinking mode, there is certain limitation on the depth of the teaching content, in a certain lack of diversification of teaching methods, based on this, the research intends to explore the teaching mode under different management module, how to effectively solve the training goal, the linkage mechanism between theoretical knowledge and practical experience. In terms of teaching methods, this paper explores how the three-track teaching method of TBL-PBL-CBL can achieve the objectives of course teaching and talent cultivation by means of team cooperation, problem orientation and case discussion.


CASE DESCRIPTION This management case is designed to explicit the implied connection between business environment, competitive & industry forces, business strategy and negotiations. In a nutshell, it imparts the domain knowledge of inorganic strategies, like joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions (MA MBA (Full-time and Executive); MDP's * Estimated time for discussion: 120 minutes * Method of lecture: Brainstorming; Group/Team participation CASE SYNOPSIS To meet the international business commitments and prepare students to craft combat strategies for achieving translational entity's objectives, the present case aims to illustrate the effect of global business environmental factors while negotiating cross-country M&A deals. It has been assisted by India - South Africa, a cross-border telecom deal. Further, it discusses key issues which have led to delay' consequently broken the inorganic negotiations that lead to strategic competitive and geographical advantage. In particular, this case builds a platform for management scholars to improve communication tactics whilst engaging in international business relationships. Conversely, it would be addressing sensitive issues in chronological order that how long-term negotiations would lead to collapse the cross-border relations. Exclusively, broken M&A deals help to find key failure negotiations which could be assist for choosing inorganic opportunities in future. We now know that the "World is flat" and "Knowledge is borderless". As such, economic changes are bound to be rapid. Complexity and disparity are possible major factors worrying world leaders and global institutions. Indian economy, today a competitive, deregulated and open economic system, is one of the major destinations for foreign investors in the world. India encourages foreign affiliates to establish operations in the country through direct investment, joint ventures, M&A and outsourcing contracts. The objective ofpresent case is to describe and track critical factors behind the failure of mega cross-border deal between Bharti Airtel (India) and MTN Group (South Africa) in the global telecom industry. The case covers failure of advisors role-play and how negotiations were extended and leads to calling-off deal in the second innings - 2009 after it was first attempt in 2008. It also covers the role of government and regulatory bodies of the respective countries. The alliance would have improved Bharti's competitive position as a leading telecom company in the emerging markets. Bharti and MTN needed an excessive inward focus for a feasible merger, when competitors were trying to snatch their business. The history of mega mergers and acquisitions attest that most combinations end up by destroying shareholders value. Mergers fail largely because of expected synergies seize longer time to deliver, price is too high, or there is no complete in-charge. Bharti and MTN could have US$20 billion in revenues and over 200 million customers, making them the third biggest telecom company in the world after China Mobile and Vodafone. They would have spanned two continentals & able to cut costs by integrating technology and reducing overheads. After twofold negotiation talks in the two consecutive years, the deal has been broken and windup with some precautionary signals while choosing cross-border M&A by Indian entrepreneurs and other community world. …


Wheat domestication from wild species involved mutations in the Q gene. The q allele (wild wheats) is associated with elongated spikes and hulled grains, whereas the mutant Q allele (domesticated wheats) confers subcompact spikes and free-threshing grains. Previous studies showed that Q encodes an AP2-like transcription factor, but the causal polymorphism of the domestication traits remained unclear. Here we show that the interaction between microRNA172 (miR172) and the Q allele is reduced by an SNP in the miRNA binding site. The inhibition of miR172 activity by a miRNA target mimic resulted in compact spikes and transition from glumes to florets in distal spikelets. By contrast, overexpression of miR172 was sufficient to induce elongated spikes and non-free-threshing grains, similar to those observed in three Q loss-of-function mutations. These lines showed transitions from florets to glumes in the basal spikelets. These localized homeotic changes were associated with opposing miR172/ Q gradients along the spike. We propose that the selection of a nucleotide change at the miR172 binding site contributed to subcompact spikes and free-threshing grains during wheat domestication. D ev el o pm en t • A dv an ce a rt ic le


Droughts represent the most complex and damaging type of natural disaster, and they have taken place with increased frequency in China in recent years. Values of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) calculated using station-based meteorological data collected from 1961 to 2013 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLRYRB) are used to monitor droughts. In addition, the SPEI is determined for different timescales (1, 3, 6, and 12 months) to characterize dry or wet conditions in this study area. Moreover, remote sensing methods can cover large areas, and multispectral and temporal observations are provided by satellite sensors. The temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) is selected to permit assessment of drought conditions. In addition, the correlation between the SPEI and TVDI values is calculated. The results show that the SPEI values over different timescales reflect complex variations in drought conditions and have been well applied in the MLRYRB. Droughts occurred on an annual basis in 1963, 1966, 1971, 1978, 1979, 1986, 2001, 2011, and 2013, particularly 2011. In addition, the regional average drought frequency in the study area during 1961–2013 is 30%, as determined using the SPEI. An analysis of the correlation between the monthly values of the TVDI and the SPEI-3 shows that a negative relationship exists between the SPEI-3 and the TVDI. That is, smaller TVDI values are associated with greater SPEI-3 values and reduced drought conditions, whereas larger TVDI values are associated with smaller SPEI-3 values and enhanced drought conditions. Therefore, this study of the relationship between the SPEI and the TVDI can provide a basis for government to mitigate the effects of drought.


• Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS22q11.2) occurs in 1-2:4000 live births as the result of a a 1.5 3Mb deletion on chromosome 22 (Murphy & Scambler, 2005). • Syndrome is characterized by: Intelligence scores in "borderline" range (typically PIQ > VIQ) • Impaired spatial memory, visuospatial attention, numerical and temporal cognition Increased risk for developmental psychopathology (e.g., ADHD, OCD, Schiz) • Reduced gray and white matter in parietal regions & medial cerebellum consistently reported (e.g., Eliez et al., 2000; Simon et al., 2005) • Goal of the present investigation was to assess abnormalities of the amygdala and hippocampus in 7to 14-year-old children with DS22q11.2 and explore associations with cognitive phenotype.


Objective: The objective of this research is to determine whether responders and survivors of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster experience symptoms of neuropathy at a rate higher than those not exposed. Methods: A survey of neuropathic symptoms in patients who were and were not exposed at the WTC based upon the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Results: Even after correction for medical comorbidities, age, and depression, neuropathic symptoms are much more common in those exposed to WTC dust and increase with increasing exposure. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that exposure to WTC dust is associated with neuropathic symptoms.


A general integrated aerodynamic prediction system for hypersonic vehicle is presented. CAD/CG geometry modeling techniques are introduced for precise geometry configuration modeling. FEM technique and free mesh generation algorithm are used for fast model meshing. The finesse of the mesh is controlled by the element edge length, which is determined with a comprehensive consideration of the accuracy and computation cost. With this technique the Internet open source models can be downloaded and imported for prediction. A general program for panel analysis is developed and the outer normal of the panel can be corrected. Based on panel aerodynamics theory, including modified-Newton method, Prandtl-Meye method and tangent cone method, aerodynamic coefficients and derivatives of each panel are calculated and then the total coefficients and derivatives of vehicle can be obtained by summation. The aerodynamics forces, moments and aerodynamic derivatives of the vehicle can all be obtained. By introducing software integration technique, the geometry configuration modeling, panel generation, panel analysis and post process are all integrated in a software system. With this system, the aerodynamic coefficients calculation and analysis of hypersonic vehicle could be implemented automatically. The simulation results of HTV-2 and space shuttle demonstrate the feasibility of this aerodynamic engineering prediction system.


Tunable superconductivity and magnetism in noncentrosymmetric RPdBi provide a new route to exotic topological excitations. We report superconductivity and magnetism in a new family of topological semimetals, the ternary half-Heusler compound RPdBi (R: rare earth). In this series, tuning of the rare earth f-electron component allows for simultaneous control of both lattice density via lanthanide contraction and the strength of magnetic interaction via de Gennes scaling, allowing for a unique tuning of the normal-state band inversion strength, superconducting pairing, and magnetically ordered ground states. Antiferromagnetism with ordering vector (½,½,½) occurs below a Néel temperature that scales with de Gennes factor dG, whereas a superconducting transition is simultaneously supressed with increasing dG. With superconductivity appearing in a system with noncentrosymmetric crystallographic symmetry, the possibility of spin-triplet Cooper pairing with nontrivial topology analogous to that predicted for the normal-state electronic structure provides a unique and rich opportunity to realize both predicted and new exotic excitations in topological materials.


An inquiry in March 1998 by West Pennine Health Authority and the Greater Manchester Police failed to find any evidence of criminal behaviour by Dr Harold Shipman, and he went on to kill three more of his patients. The health authority has suspended its medical adviser, Dr Alan Banks, who was responsible for examining patients' records during the inquiry. …


Thoothukudi District having a coastal line of 163.5 km stretches from Vembar in the north to south of Manappad (i.e., between 8° 9' 00" to 9° 7' 30" N latitude and 78° 2' 30" to 78° 25' 00" E longitude). Thoothukudi fishing harbour (TFH) is one of the oldest fishery ports in the east coast of India. Due to its commercial and economic importance from the marine fisheries point of view, nowadays it is considered as one of the major fishing harbours on the east coast of India. For the sake of easy management the fishing areas are divided into north of Thoothukudi and southern Thoothukudi. Of which the southern area cover up to Chinna muttom in Kanyakumari district and northern side covers up to Ervadi in Ramanathapuram district.


The drawbacks of the traditional multi-hop structure of wireless sensor networks (WSNS) are susceptible to reflection, scattering and diffraction, serious attenuation of signal intensity and phase deviation due to various obstacles in cultivated land environment and mountains. In this paper, the wireless signal intensity is measured and curve fitting is done respectively in both open environment and obstacle-environment with both sending and receiving height of 0 m, 1 m, and 2 m. It is found out that packet loss probability is too high when an obstacle exists. In such a case, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is introduced to activate terrestrial nodes and operation mechanism of distributed storage. Experimental results show that both ground-to-air barrier-free communication and communication with obstacles can greatly reduce the energy consumption of each node and packet loss probability, thus greatly improving the reliability of UAV-WSN system.


Genesis, a NASA sample return mission, collected solar
wind (SW) in space for 2.5 years for precise elemental and
isotopic analyses. SW matter originates from the photosphere
and outer convective zone of the Sun and serves as a proxy of
solar nebula composition. One major objective of Genesis was
to determine solar abundances and isotopic composition of
volatile elements. The solar composition of noble gases is
difficult to determine as they are depleted in primitive
meteorites and also not detectable in the photospheric
spectrum due to their high excitation energies.


An end-flre linear tapered slot antenna is presented in the terahertz band. The operation frequency goes from 0.6THz to 2THz, with symmetric radiation patterns from 1THz to 1.7THz, and gains up to 15dB. The gaussicity of the beam is over 80% in the whole operation band and an e-ciency at 1THz of 85%. This antenna gives enough directivity avoiding the use of a typical substrate lens, which introduce 30% of losses. This new design is a good candidate for new applications in the THz range in Radioastronomy and Imaging.


The development of the Internet is currently learning how to stimulate progress in education. E-Learning is a method of learning via the internet. The method makes it easier for teachers and students to interact without having to go through face to face. This writing to discuss the e-learning is applied in a website which consists of two sides of the user features are provided for students and the admin that is designed for the purpose of the teacher. In the Admin menu is used to insert, add, or remove the materials and tasks by teachers who have registered as admin. While the menu is used by the user to access material that has been provided. Purpose of making this website is to simplify the process of learning and teaching in class that is too short, so the students can learn the material with a more flexible online e-learning website designed using PHP and MySQL and HTML language to create an interface on this website.


AlN/GaN superlattices (SL) grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy with the period of SLs varied from 20 nm to 140 nm, and the thickness of the structures ranged from 0.7 to 1 µm were studied by polarized Raman spectroscopy technique. The peaks within a complex spectral feature of the symmetry A1(TO) observed at about 580 cm−1, were assigned to the interface and quasi-confined phonons. Frequency splitting between the peaks was found monotonously increasing along with the SL period. This dependence was explained using the dielectric continuum model. A method based on this finding was proposed for estimating the period SL using Raman spectroscopy. This method extends the traditional approach based on the studies of folded acoustic phonons in the short-period SLs.


Case report:  A primi gravida presented for a third trimester growth scan due to a history of SLE. Biometry was normal but a linear echogenicity was identified in the region of the fetal gallbladder, the gallbladder was not separately identified. The patient delivered an appropriately grown term baby with normal Apgar scores. Postnatal ultrasound identified a normal‐sized gallbladder with echogenic foci in the wall demonstrating the classical 'comet tail artifact' seen with adenomyomatosis.


We introduce an adaptive learning environment named DALM (DICE adaptive learning model) based on DICE test-driven development (TDD) model that was implemented in a parse-tree based automatic on-line grader. In our opinion, there are three variables in DALM. The individual differences (I) classify the learners into several groups. The training method (T) that equivalent to TDD model in DICE can be controlled by DICE system. The learning outcome (O) presents the learning performance of learners with an individual difference level after chosen TDD model. The learning outcome is related to the individual difference and the training method denotes as O = f (I, T). A model learning phase will rank the pair by learning outcome. The learner will be adapted to the best fit training method (T) by his/her individual difference (I) base on the result of model learning phase. We expect such an environment can adapt different kinds of learner to suitable DICE TDD teaching unit.


In this paper, a Photovoltaic (PV) array and battery-powered Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive scheme, along with the design aspects of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and solar cells, is presented. EVs provide a potential solution to the problem of dependence on ever decreasing and polluting fossil fuels for the transportation sector. PMSM is chosen to be the motor for a four-wheel drive EV owing to its various inherent advantages. PMSM is fed from a PV source along with the battery to provide a further contribution towards solution to the problems of fossil fuels depletion, global warming and climate change. Results for speed and torque tracking by the proposed vehicle in various driving modes are presented.


Multi-language data impairs the application of mining techniques in a generalized form, since language remains an impenetrable barrier. The advances on domain driven data mining and the study of its semantic aspects open a first window over it, in particular the D2PM framework [1]. This paper proposes a new method for mining patterns over multi-language data, through the use of the D2FP-Growth algorithm and a language constraint, both defined in the context of the referred framework. The new constraint allows for interpreting a word by its meaning and consequently to overcome language differences.


The aim of this study to quantify the effect of obesity on blood pressure. We study 80 persons (clinically normal), divided in two groups according to the age, the first group under 40 years which is subdivided into two groups, group A 20 persons with normal weight and group C also 20 persons with over weight and the second group, above 40 years also subdivided into two groups, group B 20 persons with a normal weight and group D 20 persons, with over weight and we have found the effect of obesity on, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure on the first group and on the second group.And the results indicate that the effect of obesity on the age group over 40 years more than the effect of obesity on the age group, below the 40 years. So the effect of obesity on SBP, DBP and MBP is increase with the increasing of the age.


The change characteristics of temperature at 02:00 and 14:00 in Shanxi has been investigated using temperature data measured at 71 observation stations from1970 to 2004. Seven urban stations and seven rural stations were chosen to investigate impact of urban heat island on day and night temperature. The conclusion can be drawn as following:(1) The temperature bias rates are positive,but the spatial are non-symmetrical in the last 35 years. (2) The warming trend of night temperature for urban stations was higher then for rural stations,The warming trend of day temperature for urban stations was lower then for rural stations. (3) The contribution of heat island effects to the day temperature warming is-16.15% and to the night temperature warming is 33.01%. Impact of urban heat island on the day and night temperature changes have obvious asymmetric characteristics.


The invention relates to a device for outputting a specific measurement signal among a number of measurement signals that are produced by field units. According to the invention, at least two measurement signal inputs (1) are provided on which the measurement signals of the field units (2) are present. In addition, at least one measurement signal output (20) is provided, on which the specific measurement signal is output, and at least one identification input/output (25) is provided via which it is indicated which measurement signal is present on the measurement signal output (20).


The study uses annual data from 1971 to 2013 and applies Keynesian Consumption Function (KCF) and the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) in order to estimate consumption functions of SAARC countries. The empirical results show that in the short run, the difference between KCF and PIH under Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPCs) is quite large. This difference, therefore, indicates that in the short run consumers' consumption decision are based on current income. However, another point worth noting is that, in the short run smaller values of MPCs under the PIH indicate that consumers are unable to anticipate their future income in developing countries, like Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Moreover, the study also estimates the MPCs under the PIH in the long run. The results demonstrate that in the long run the values of MPCs are higher than the MPCs while using PIH, which indicates that in the long run consumers anticipate their future income and accordingly make consumption decisions on the basis of permanent income.


Low-grade waste heat and abundantly available thermal energy has the potential to be harvested by the pyroelectric effect. For uniaxial radiative heating we report elliptic temperature profiles in lead zirconium titanate and polyvinylidenefluoride. The geometry, heat diffusion coefficient and pyroelectric coefficient of the material determine the harvesting potential of a pyroelectric generator. At high temperature oscillation frequencies, thin film media performs more effectively than thick media for harvesting.


To test the hypothesis that the effects of positive end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEP) on intracavitary left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) depend on the ventricular filling conditions under which PEEP is applied, the effects of PEEP on pressure in and around the left ventricle were determined before and after stepwise expansion of intravascular blood volume in 10 closed-chest dogs. Over a range of 0 to 20 cm of water, PEEP progressively increased both intrapericardial and intracavitary right ventricular end-diastolic pressures. These increases in pressure around the left ventricle were approximately linear and were relatively unaffected by volume loading. At the same time, PEEP always decreased transmural LVEDP by decreasing ventricular filling. However, traitsmural LVEDP fell more when ventricular volume was initially large, due to the nonlinear relationship between left ventricular transmural pressure and volume. As a result, intracavitary LVEDP (which reflected the sum of decreased transmural LVEDP and increased external pressure) increased when baseline ventricular volume was small and decreased when baseline ventricular volume was large. At intermediate volumes the fall in transmural pressure equaled the rise in external pressure, and intracavitary LVEDP did not change. These findings demonstrate that changes due to PEEP in intracavitary LVEDP are a complex function of increased intrathoracic pressure, decreased ventricular filling, and the operative level of left ventricular compliance. Circulation 69, No. 4, 815-821, 1984. POSITIVE end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEP) complicates hemodynamic monitoring by increasing pressure around the left ventricle. This is because ventricular filling is a function of transmural, rather than intracavitary, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). As a result, intracavitary LVEDP and its correlates, mean left atrial and pulmonary artery wedge pressures, are inaccurate indexes of left ventricular preload in the presence of PEEP. Furthermore, an incomplete understanding of the effects of PEEP on these intravascular pressures has led to physiologically unsound recommendations for dealing with this problem in clinical practice. For example, it has been proposed that the magnitude of potential error in wedge pressure measurements can be estimated by comparing pressures measured in the presence and absence of PEEP.' Since such comparisons frequently demonstrate only small pressure differences, it even has been From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver. Supported in part by the Khadija Nazer Fund. Address for correspondence: Roy V. Ditchey, M.D., Cardiology Division, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Ave., Denver, CO 80262. Received Oct. 10, 1983; accepted Dec. 1, 1983. Vol. 69, No. 4, April 1984 suggested that correction for increased intrathoracic pressure is unnecessary.2 However, the following analysis not only demonstrates that the net effects of PEEP on intracavitary left ventricular filling pressures depend on variables other than altered intrathoracic pressure, but also suggests that these effects are functions of the left ventricular filling conditions under which PEEP is applied. By definition, transmural LVEDP is equal to intracavitary LVEDP (LVEDPIC) minus the pressure around the left ventricle. This means that changes in intracavitary LVEDP must equal the sum of changes in transmural LVEDP (LVEDPTM) and "external" pressure (ALVEDPIC = ALVEDPTM + Aexternal pressure). Since PEEP increases the effective pressure around the left ventricle (a function of both intrapericardial pressure and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure [RVEDP]3) but decreases left ventricular volume (and therefore decreases transmural LVEDP4 5), net changes in intracavitary pressure are functions of the combined (and opposite) effects of PEEP on intrathoracic pressure and ventricular filling. Furthermore, since the left ventricular transmural pressure-volume relationship is nonlinear,3' 6, 7comparable reductions in


This paper discusses the baseline superconducting RF cavity design to be used in Cornell's Energy Recovery Linac, a next generation light source. We discuss the methods used to obtain the design and present the cavity's figures of merit. The baseline cavity design is ready for prototyping, which will begin in the fall of 2010. Finally, we introduce small variations in the center cell design to increase the threshold current through the cavity by increasing the higher order mode relative frequency spread in the main linac, that have the effect of more than doubling the threshold current to 450 mA


In this article, aim and functions of The Presidency of Religious Affairs has been discussed. Besides, it has been given place to discussion of laicism, the representation of Alouite sect- the Bektashi order in The Presidency of Religious Affairs, giving share from budget to Alouite sect


Reducing Ohmic and mass transport losses in the catalyst layers of PEMFCs is crucial to improving their performance. By applying a strong electric field across the catalyst ink during catalyst layer formation dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces can be induced that change the structure of the particles in the final film. It is hoped that this leads to improved performance at lower catalyst loadings. In this presentation, the theory behind DEP structuring, the novel method used to produce the films and supporting data will be presented.


The J ou rn ey to Crim e (Jtc) routine is a distance-based method which makes est im a t es a bou t t h e likely r esid en t ia l loca t ion of a ser ia l offen der. It is a n a pplica t ion of location theory, a fr a m ewor k for id en t ifyin g opt im a l loca t ion s fr om a dis t r ibu t ion of m a r ket s, s u pply ch a r a ct er is t ics , pr ices, a n d even t s. Th e followin g dis cu ssion gives som e ba ckgr ou n d t o t h e t ech n iqu e. Th ose wis h in g t o skip t h is pa r t ca n go t o pa ge 10-19 for t h e specifics of the J tc routine. Location theory is concerned with one of the central issues in geograph y. This theory attempts to find an optimal location for any particular distribution of activities, population, or even ts over a region classic location theory, economic resources were allocated in relation to idealized representations (Anselin and Madden, 1990). Thus, von Thünen (1826) analyzed the dis t r ibu t ion of agr icu lt u r a l la n d a s a fu n ct ion of th e a ccessibilit y t o a sin gle popu la t ion cen t er (wh ich wou ld be m or e exp en sive t owa r ds t h e cen t er), t h e va lu e of th e pr odu ct pr odu ced (wh ich wou ld va r y by cr op), a n d t r a n spor t a t ion cost s (wh ich wou ld be m or e expensive far ther from the center). In order to ma ximize profit and m inimize cost s, a dis t r ibu t ion of agr icu lt u r a l la n d u ses (or cr op a r ea s) em er ges flowin g ou t fr om t h e popu la t ion cen t er a s …


Investigation of the reasons why people move has produced convincing evidence that to a large extent migration is related to employment opportunities. An interesting survey "Reasons for Moving: March 1962 to March 1953,"^ conducted by the Bureau of the Census, concluded that about 65% of migrants between 18 and 64 (rears of age were moving for job-related reasons. Ira Lowry of the RAND Corporation, TOrking with gross migration data for Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, noreover, identified change in employment opportunities as one of the two most significant variables in explaining inmigration.2 The work within the Economic Development Administration (EDA) to explain "why people move" has made use of both state and county data. For counties, no gross migration data is available so that Lt is not possible to explain in and outmigxation separately. Our experiments in relating county net migration to such explAnatory variables as prior population growth, employment growth, per capita income, employment growth rates, and acceler ation in employment, however, have indicated that these factors operate in a regular fashion for almost all counties throughout the country.


By use of a custom-designed electromagnetic flow probe, continuous measurement of flow in a bypass shunt system is possible. This permits real-time evaluation of shunt function during carotid endarterectomy and will allow evaluation of changes made in future shunt designs. Although limited to the carotid circulation in this study, the method has applicability to any vascular region where bypass shunts are used.


Detection of fungi and Aflatoxin contamination in shelved fruits of Dialium guineense Wild was carried out in the Department of Forestry and Environment, Rivers State University of Science and Technology and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) Laboratories. The fruits for the experiments were obtained from three markets in Port Harcourt Metropolis; Choba, Rumuwoji (Mile 1) and Rumukwurushi (Oil mill) and stored in sterile black polyethene bags. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The fungal pathogens isolated from the infected fruits of D. guineense were Aspergillus niger Van Tieghn, Rhizopus microcrosporus var. microsporus Stephen & Mondo, Penicillium purpureum Stolk & Samson and Penicillium minioluteum Dierckx. There was significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) among the most frequently occurring fungus in the three markets; A. niger (884 ± 2.03-998 mg ± 4.81) followed by R. microsporus var. microsporus (576 ± 0.55-688 mg ± 0.83) P. purpureum (144 ± 0.03-251 mg ± 0.34) and P. minioluteum, (84 ± 0.02-132 mg ± 0.01). The use of Moringa leaf extracts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the growth of test fungi when compared to PDA (0% ppm) without leaf extract. The use of biopesticides such as moringa leaf extracts can help in protecting our fruits from pathogen attack. These plant leaf materials are cheaper for the poor-resource farmers and also environmentally friendly. Aflatoxin assay revealed that healthy looking fruit of D. guineense was 3.7 ± 0.021 iμ/ kg, infected, 3.8 ± 0.01 iμ/kg and the standard value was 4.0 ± 0.15 iμ/kg. The study has also shown that healthy looking fruits of D. guineense contain some amount of mycotoxins though not in hazardous quantity.


Extracting useful features from medical images (in Radiology) helps to improve the early precautions and treatment as well as reducing the risk of performing major surgeries. There is an immense need of a methodology which can automatically extract retinal features and classify it into desired class. The proposed automated technique is based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks of four different types of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models i.e. Baseline 5 layer model, AlexNet and ResNET. These three CNN techniques are used for image segmentations, features extraction and classification of normal and abnormal images in three different image formats: Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), DRUSEN (small yellow colored deposits of debris of eyes, and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). Furthermore, the optimizers used are adaptive moment estimation (ADM) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) which provide different accuracy under same iterations. ADM optimizer gives the best accuracy in all the CNN networks while SGD gives the least accuracy. Various type of abnormalities are detected in retina images are CNV, DME, and DRUSEN. The method proposed in this research is implemented on the Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Retinal Image dataset. For the sake of validation of proposed methodology, some known performance parameters like accuracy, F1_score, recall, precision, support and loss function are used. The observed and visualized results of the proposed method Compared to previous techniques, the findings of the approach are encouraging.


China's rural development miracle: with international comparisons: papers presented at an international symposium held at Beijing, China, 25-29 October 1987 , China's rural development miracle: with international comparisons: papers presented at an internatio... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


SummaryExperiments were done in orchards near water canals, in the foothills and in a submontane area. The amount of fruit set in inflorescences open to insect visitors (0·71–11·25%) and in inflorescences caged against insects (0·26–0·105%) indicated that litchi is highly self-sterile, and that insect pollination is necessary for a fruit crop. Counts of insect visitors to the flowers showed that Apoidea (Apis spp. and Melipona spp.) comprised 98–99 % of the total. Most visits were made between 06.30 and 12.00 hr; other authors have reported that dehiscence in litchi flowers mostly occurs between 07.00 and 12.00 hr.


then pulled out from the centre of the arm, at right angles to its axis, until it touches and marks the skin at the horizontal level of the foreign body (Figure II). Since the foreign body lies at the right angle formed by the horizontal and vertical pointers, it requires a linear measurement only to determine its depth from either mark. No other calculation is required. In a similar manner, any bony landmark may be localized, and the relationship of a foreign body to the landmark thus determined. It is imperative that during these examinations no movement whatever of the part concerned should be permitted. By cooperation between surgeon and radiologist. and the adoption of standard position on both the X-ray and operating tables, the foreign body is accurately and speedily located. The use of standard positions avoids confusion during busy periods, when the surgeon may not see the patient until he reaches the operating table. immobilized. The tube-arm is then adjusted so that the anode, foreign body and cross-wires in the centre of the screen are in a vertical line (Figure A). The arm is now locked. A frame is then fitted to the under side of the screen. This carries, at its centre. a skin pencil which is so placed that it is situated vertically beneath the centre of the cross-wires. The screen is then lowered until the pencil touches and marks the skin directly above the foreign body (Figure I). The pencil frame is now removed.